Document nkB43Rw3dXB0Yz70589OJoBq6

ETH YL CORPORATION 1 6 0 0 W E S T E IG H T M I I E ROAD F E E N D A L E , MICHIGAN' <16--12O D ecem ber 9, 1970 har d A Sca l es ic e P r e s i d e n t D r. R o b ert A. Kehoe K ettering L aboratories College of M edicine U n iv ersity of C incinnati - E den A venue C incinnati, Ohio 45219 D ear Bob: I w as e m b a rra s s e d to le a rn fro m your note of D ecem b er 5 tbat we had dropped the ball in letting you know w hat cam e out of our efforts on the W est C oast. As you m ay have h eard since you sent m e your note, H aagen-Sm it ram m ed through the 1.5 ug standard despite the b est efforts of everyone concerned. In o rd e r to put this w hole affair in p ro p e r p e rsp e c tiv e fo r our people, we p re p a re d a re la tiv e ly b rie f statem en t w hich H ess w rote up and sent to L a r r y B lanchard. We also sen t a copy of this to Bob D ouglass for d istrib u tio n to the people in PC D . I attach a copy of this m em o for you but did not include H e s s ' te stim o n y sin ce you, of c o u rse , w ere with us when he testified. Once again, Bob, forgive m e fo r not getting this to you e a rlie r. My only excuse m ight be that since the h earin g in San F ran cisco on N ovem b e r 15 1 h a v e b e e n a w a y an d j u s t r e t u r n e d to D e t r o i t l a s t F r i d a y . L e t m e also say once again how m uch we ap p reciated your effo rts. As you know, we felt that the deck was stacked against us but I think it was v e ry im p o rta n t to get our case fully into the tra n s c rip t sin ce, w hile we m ay have lo st this battle, we h aven't lo st the w ar yet. Best ref R K S /jtd A ttch. (1) To Fr o m C0RP0W W INTFjP^FFICI' M r, L. E . B lanchard'" CAII WEA H . E . H e s s e l b e r g { R(jturn t 0 RKS Ad d r e s s R ichm ond Ad d r e s s D e tro it ... DETROIT LABOR TcT RXS 3J0 JPB DEC7 1970 Su u j e c t C a lifo rn ia A m b ie n t A ir^Q u ality S ta n d a rd fo r LeadDATE D e c . 7, 1 9 7 0 _ HSH WVi'8 EJF O n N o v e m b e r 19 t h e C a l i f o r n i a A i r R e s o u r c e s B o a r d e s t a b l i s h e d a n p a m b i e n t a i r q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d f o r l e a d o f 1. 5 p g / M ^ , 3 0 - d a y a v e r a g e , j~ supposedly based on health effects. T his b ecom es the eighth a ir qualify" stan d ard estab lish ed by the State. F o r o rientation p u rp o ses, the levels of lead in a ir in m any u rb a n lo catio n s throughout the State exceed this sta n d a rd by a co n sid e ra b le am ount. S p ecifically , valu es of 3. 6 for Los A ngeles and 3 .8 fo r San F ra n c is c o w ere re p o rte d by the B oard. In certain locations, p articu larly in Los A ngeles, 3 0 -day averages co n siderably higher than these values probably exist. Hi T h e r e c o m m e n d a tio n f o r th e s t a n d a r d o f 1, 5 w a s m a d e by th e T e c h n ic a l A dvisory C om m ittee of the B oard on the b a sis of a reco m m en d atio n fro m the C alifornia State D epartm ent of Public H ealth that the stan d ard should be le ss than 2. This w as b ased on the contention of D r. G oldsm ith, of the D ep artm en t of H ealth, that slight changes in lead in a ir would re su lt in in c re a s e s in b lo o d -lead le v e ls. F u rth e r, D r. G oldsm ith p o stu lated th at slight in c re a s e s in levels of lead in blood could be accom panied by a d e p re ssio n in enzym e activ ity w hich would in te rfe re w ith hem oglobin synthesis. The recom m endation of the T echnical A dvisory C om m ittee w as supported by a num ber of rep resen tativ es of environm entalist groups, such a s: S ie rra Club, F rie n d s of the E a rth , and the E n v iro n m en tal D efense F und, in ad d ition to s e v e ra l in d iv id u als re p re s e n tin g o th e r m ilitant ecology groups. In the h earin g s w hich p reced ed the actio n of the B oard, a g re a t deal of opposing m ed ical and a e ro m e tric inform ation was p resen ted by a num ber of em inently qualified m ed ical and scientific experts in the field of lead and its p o ssib le rela tio n to public h ealth . T his w ell-d o cu m en ted in fo rm a tion su p p o rted th e ir contention th at th e re w as no b a sis in fact for the pro p o sed 1.5 stan d ard . E x p erim en tal evidence w as p resen te d giving s o u n d s u p p o r t f o r a t e n t a t i v e s t a n d a r d o f 10 p g / M ^ . T h i s i s th e v a l u e reco m m en d ed by the A m e ric a n In d u stria l H ygiene A sso ciatio n and one w hich w as re c e n tly adopted by the S tate of N ew M exico. (See attach ed statem ent. ) A s in the case of other stan d ard s the B oard has adopted, the lead stan d ard a p p e a rs to be m o re in the n atu re of a goal r a th e r than a le v el w hich can be attained w ith econom ic feasibility w ithin a reasonable p eriod of tim e. A s an exam ple, the recom m ended stan d ard fo r oxidants is 0. 1 ppm fo r a one-hour av erag e. P re s e n t levels in Los A ngeles are given as 0.75 ppm Mr. L. E, Blanchard -2 D ec. 7, 1970 and the B o ard 's own estim ate is that w ith p ro p o sed co n tro l p ro g ra m s the levels w ill still be 0 .2 ppm in 1985. In the case of carbon m onoxide, the s t a n d a r d i s 10 p p m f o r a 1 2 - h o u r a v e r a g e a n d th e e s t i m a t e s a r e t h a t f o r Los A ngeles this lev el w ill ju s t be attain ed in 1985 if all co n tro l p ro g ra m s p re se n tly p ro jec ted a re acco m p lish ed . In the c ase of to tal suspended p a rtic u la te , the s ta n d a rd ad o p ted so m e tim e ago is 60 p g /M ^ an n u al g e o m e tric m ean. H ere, the possibility of m eeting the stan d ard in m any a re a s of the State is felt to be com pletely unattainable since n a tu ra l background levels exceed the proposed standard and, th e re fo re, reducing all statio n ary and m obile p articu la te em issio n lev els to zero w ould not even ap p ro ach the standard. The E xecutive O fficer of the C alifo rn ia A ir R eso u rces B oard, in an in te r view following the e stab lish m en t of the lead sta n d a rd and the action to reduce sev eral of the other standards, com m ented that although the standards th eo retically becom e effective at once it w ill take betw een one and fifteen y e a rs to m e et th em . A t a su b seq u en t h earin g of the S ubcom m ittee on A ir P ollution of the A sse m b ly T ra n sp o rta tio n C om m ittee of the C alifo rn ia L e g isla tu re in Los A ngeles on N ovem ber 24, the C h airm an of the T ech n ical A d v iso ry C om m ittee of the A ir R eso u rces B oard testified that m eeting the new am bient a ir quality standard f o r le a d of 1 .5 p g /M ^ fo r 30 d a y s w o u ld r e q u ir e a re d u c tio n of le a d e m is s io n s fro m m o to r v e h ic le s of a p p ro x im a te ly 75% sin ce au to m o b iles a re the p rin c ip a l con trib u to rs to lead in a ir. He w ent on to state that this could be done either by restric tin g lead In gasoline or by trapping. H ow ever, in com m enting on the trapping approach, he said this would m ean devices on all v eh icles, new and used, when trap s have been satisfacto rily developed and proven. He then said that if legislation is d esired to in su re th at lead levels a re p r o g r e s siv ely re d u c e d th at the M arch 1970 re c o m m e n d a tio n s, adopted by the A ir R eso u rces B oard, delineating a grad u al lead antiknock ph ase-o u t p ro g ram would be the le a st costly and le a st w asteful of ou r n atu ra l re so u rc e s. This recom m endation called for a reduction to a m axim um concentration of 2 g /g a l in any g rad e of fuel and provided for at le a st one g rad e containing no m o re t h a n 0. 5 g / g a l . C o m m e n c in g J a n u a r y 1, 1975, a t l e a s t one g r a d e o f f u e l w o u ld b e l e a d - f r e e a n d o n J a n u a r y 1, 1 9 7 7 , t h e r e w o u ld b e n o l e a d i n a n y grade of m otor gasoline. W hile not stated at the S ubcom m ittee H earin g , it a p p ea rs quite obvious th at its C hairm an, A ssem blym an P ete S chabarum , definitely has in m ind the introduction of new legislation aim ed at controlling the use of lead in gasoline w ith the new incentive of attaining the lead standard. The C alifornia A ir R eso u rces B oard has the delegated authority to estab lish standards fo r the em ission of any substance fro m vehicle tailpipes. A petition is before the B oard to e sta b lish a lead exhaust em issio n stan d ard fo r a ll vehicles re g iste re d and operated in the State of 0.0 g /m ile effective January 1, 1973. T h e C h a ir m a n of th e B o a rd h a s r e q u e s te d th e T e c h n ic a l A d v is o ry Mr. L. E. Blanchard - 3_ Dec, 7, 1970 C om m ittee to study the estab lish m en t of a lead em issio n stan d ard and indicated that this m a tte r would be co n sid ered at the Jan u ary 20, 1971, m eeting of the B oard. It is certain that th e re w ill be a num ber of new bills introduced at the s ta r t of the 1971 le g isla tiv e s e s s io n s re la tin g to r e s tr ic tio n s on th e u sa g e of lead antiknocks. M any w ill obviously be b ased on the objective of a tta in ing the new lead stan d ard . In addition, the B o ard m ay take som e actio n to estab lish a vehicle lead em issio n sta n d a rd w hich w ill give fu rth e r support to new legislation. H EHtcl cc: R. K. Scales R. J. O strander H. E. H esselberg }<(E \jx t i r-- 0n o ^ i