Document nk0dVzM11498bvG92Jx7rQyb1

TEC H N I CAL BULLETIN AROCLOr PLASTICIZERS A series of inert, chemically-resistant, fire-retarding plasticizers compatible with wide variety of resins. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O/PL-306 0562206 TOWOLDMON0036732 WATER_PCB-00021201 AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS A series of inert, chemically-resistant, fire-retarding plasticizers compatible with wide variety of resins. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O/PL-306 PLASTICIZERS "Nottlnieontalncd haralnUlobacomtruad it racomiwndiiiontouu any product inconflictwltn any patant. MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE FITNESS OR MERCHANTABILITY OF ANY PRODUCTS REFERRED TO. no (iionnUt of utltfactor* raultafrom rtllanet toon contilnad Intormatlonor rawmmandattonc, and dlaclilmi olI liability for any raouitlnc Ion ortimaia." Organic Chemicals Division / 600 N. Lindbergh Blvd. / St. Louis Missouri 63166 0562207 | TOWOLDMON0036733 WATER_PCB-00021202 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 4 DESCRIPTION..................................................................................... 4 COMPATIBILITY............................................................................... 5 AROCLOR IN SYNTHETIC RESINS....................................... 6 Polyvinyl Chloride.............................................................. C Polyvinyl Acetate........................................................................ 13 Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate.............................................................. 14 Epoxies.......................................................................................... 15 Polyesters...................................................................................... 18 Polyethylene.................................................................................19 Polystyrene.................................................................................. 19 Polyurethanes.............................................................................. 20 Phenolics...................................................................................... 21 AROCLOR IN RUBBERS.................................................................. 21 Chlorinated Rubber and Polypropylene................................... 21 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers..................................................23 Synthetic and Natural Rubbers.................................................24 Polysulfide Sealants.................................................................... 26 AROCLOR IN CELLULOSIC RESINS...........................................27 Ethyl Cellulose............................................................................ 27 Nitrocellulose............................................................................... 28 Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate.........................................................31 AROCLOR IN PAINT, VARNISH, WAX, AND ASPHALT. . .32 Paint and Varnish....................................................................... 32 Wax............................................................................................... 34 Asphalt..........................................................................................35 Allyl Starch..................................................................................35 AROCLOR IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS..................36 Dust Prevention and Dust Catching.........................................36 Vapor Suppression (Longer-lasting Insecticides)..................... 36 Moisture Proofing........................................................................36 Pigment Dispersion.....................................................................37 Sealing and Impregnation.......................................................... 37 % # 0562208 | TOWOLDMON0036734 WATER_PCB-00021203 PROPERTIES OF THE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS................ 39 Solubility..................................................................................... 39 Chemical <fc Physical Properties (Chart)........................... 42, 43 Monsanto Specifications.....................................................42,43 Density................................................................................... - 44 Specific Volume........................................................................... 44 Volatility...................................................................................... 45 Vapor Pressure............................................................................ 46 Viscosity....................................................................................... 47 Stability........................................................................................47 Nonflammability..........................................................................48 Nondrying and Thermoplastic Properties................................ 48 Electrical Properties....................................................................48 How to Emulsify Aroclor........................................................... 49 TOXICITY & SAFE HANDLING................................................... 50 SHIPPING..............................................................................................51 056229 I' TOWOLDMON0036735 WATER_PCB-00021204 Introduction Description 4 The unique Aroclor plasticizers are among the most versatile chemi cally produced materials available. One outstanding characteristic -- inertness -- makes Aroclor useful in many ways for many different applications. The major benefits offered by Aroclor include: Chemical Resistance Fire Retardance Compatibility with most resins Nonoxidation Adhesivity Low Cost This bulletin describes some of their many important plasticizing and related applications, including numerous suggested starting formula tions. Examination of their physical properties, also given in consider able detail, may suggest scores of new uses that could not be performed by any other known material. Additional information about the Aroclor compounds is available from your nearest Monsanto district sales office in the following technical bulletins: PL-307...............Monsanto's Plasticizers in Synthetic-Resin Adhesives PL-311...............Aroclor Plasticizers for Chlorinated Rubber PL-321...............Aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242 for Polyvinyl Acetate Emul sion Adhesives PL-327...............Monsanto's Plasticizers in Protective Coatings PL-331...............Monsanto Modifiers for Polysulfides CS-14.................Aroclor Fire-Retarding Plasticizers and Modifiers in Epoxy Resins CS-18.................Aroclor Compounds (performance with waxes) Monsanto's Aroclor plasticizers comprise a series of chlorinated bi phenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They vary from mobile, oily liquids to white crystals and hard, transparent resins. Twelve of the Aroclor plasticizers, each of which represents a series, are discussed in this bulletin. An understanding of the system for designation of each Aroclor should prove useful in the evaluation of the property gradations among them. The last two digits indicate the approximate weight percentage of chlorine in the product, and the first two digits indicate the type of material, as follows: 12 -- chlorinated biphenyls 25 -- blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (75:25) 44 -- blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (60:40) 54 -- chlorinated triphenyls For nearly every Aroclor mentioned, a darker, less-pure grade exists, with about the same physical and chemical characteristics, but lower in price. 0562210 | TOWOLDMON0036736 WATER_PCB-00021205 Compatibility Aroclor compounds are nonoxidizing, inert, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility, non-corrosive to metals, and low cost. Aroclor com pounds are not hydrolyzed by water and resist alkalies, acids, and corrosive chemicals. The viscous, more-highly-chlorinated liquids and resins do not support combustion, and they impart fire retardance to other materials. The crystalline Aroclor compounds are relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners, and oils. All Aroclor compounds are in soluble in water and glycerine. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in lowermolecular-weight alcohols; Aroclor 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. Aroclor compounds plasticize a great many resins without softening them unduly. The Aroclor compounds are unsurpassed for the plasti cizing of protective coatings, particularly for use in chemical plants and other facilities that require a tough, chemically resistant surface. Aroclor plasticizers can also be used to flexibilize sealing compounds, adhesives, lacquers, inks, varnishes, free films, fabric coatings, and pigment dispersions. They are also used as components or extenders in elastomers and waxes. The properties of many end products can be improved -- yet at reduced overall cost -- by the use of an Aroclor as either a primary or a secondary plasticizer. The properties imparted by Aroclor compounds (and their usefulness in particular applications) vary in regular gradient over the series. Selection of the right Aroclor for a particular use can generally be made by comparison of the properties, by "blending" two or more, and by adjusting the percentages used in the particular mixture in which the Aroclor compounds are formulated. Monsanto's Plasticizer Council can provide specific formulation guidance that may help you improve your product or lower your processing cost. Processors are invited to ask the nearest Monsanto office for help on special problems. The Aroclor plasticizers are compatible with most common plastic materials; they are compatible to the extent of practical use with the following: Asphalt Benzyl Cellulose Carnauba Wax Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate Chlorinated Rubber Coumarone-Indene Resins Damar Resin Ester Gum Ethyl Cellulose Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate Epoxy Resins Nitrocellulose Paraffin Phenolic Resins Polyethylene Polyester Resins Polystyrene Resins Polyisobutylene Polysulfides Polyurethanes Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Butyral Polyvinyl Chloride Polyvinylidene Chloride Rosin Rubber Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers 5 TOWOLDMON0036737 WATER_PCB-00021206 Liquid Aroclor Soft, Resinous Aroclor Hard, Resinous Aroclor Aroclor plasticizers are not compatible with phenolic resins in the final stage of condensation or with cellulose acetate. Aroclor plasticizers generally impart progressively increasing proper ties in the direction of the arrows in the following diagram: Flame Hardness Flexibility Retardance Volatility Density Viscosity Usually the desired balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selection of an Aroclor with the appropriate physical characteristics or by use of a blend of two or more Aroclor plasticizers. In evaluation of formulations that contain Aroclor plasticizers, the compounder should thoroughly test an experimental product for compatibility, heat and light stability, and other properties according to normal industry practices. Aroclor Plasticizers In Synthetic Resins I/)w-cost Aroclor plasticizers are valuable for a variety of applications. They improve chemical resistance, flame retardance, and oxidation resistance. Depending upon the use, the various Aroclor plasticizer offers a number of benefits to the user. In almost all formulations, the use of an Aroclor reduces the over-all cost per pound. In Polyvinyl Chloride Aroclor is valuable in polyvinyl chloride and copolymers as a secondary plasticizer or as a plasticizer extender. The Aroclor plasticizers impart flame retardance and chemical resistance. Selection of the proper Aroclor enables compounders to impart such special properties to their formulations as: Resistance to migration to nitrocellulose lacquers (Aroclor 1260 and 1262). Fine,uniform cell structure in vinyl foam (Aroclor 1262 and 1268). Adhesion in vinyl coatings (Aroclor 1260 and 5460). Viscosity stability in plastisols (Aroclor 1248 and 1254). Compatibility Aroclor plasticizers (except Aroclor 1268) are compatible to about 25 per cent of the total plasticizer content in polyvinyl chloride and usually somewhat greater in copolymer resins. At these levels, no exudation occurs in the loop-compatibility test, one of the most severe used by the industry. 0562212 TOWOLDMON0036738 WATER_PCB-00021207 The control specimen burns rapidly; the one containing Aroclor does not even ignite. Performance As an illustration of the performance of Aroclor plasticizers, Table 1 shows evaluation of the five most commonly used in polyvinyl chloride. TABLE 1 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIVE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN POLYVINYL CHLORIDE l/oia-b Low-Temp Hard tiiity Kerosene-c Flexibility Concern * ness (Plasti Extraction (Clash Tensile Elonga nation (Shore cizer (Plasticizer & Berg) Strength Modulus tion Aroclor (parts) "A1 lost, %) lost, Vo) (Tf.. 'C) (psi/ (psij (%) 1248 15 87 19 23 --26 2330 1320 342 1254 15 88 14 24 -24 2310 1360 334 1260 15 89 11 32 -22 2200 1330 315 4465 17.5 89 6 19 -19 - - - 5442 17.5 87 6 16 -20 - - - ingredients a) Opalon 660 PVC resin Dioctyl Phthalate Calcium Carbonate Stabilizer Aroclor b) 24 hours at 87C over activated carbon c) 96 hours at 25C Parts by Weight 100 45 40 3 indicated 0^6 TOWOLDMON0036739 WATER_PCB-00021208 Heat and Light Stability Aroclor compounds impart good heat stability but somewhat reduce the light stability of vinyl formulations, but no more so than do many other secondary plasticizers commonly used in the industry. Light stability of the system may be improved by incorporation of a small amount of light-screening agent, such as 0.1 per cent Tinuvin P* Chemical Resistance For imparting resistivity to chemical attack, the Aroclor plasticizers are unsurpassed. Independent evaluations of the chemical resistance of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer paint, modified by eight types of materials (alkyd resin, phenolic-chinawood oil varnish, ester gum-linseed oil varnish, Aroclor 1254, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, polymeric plasticizer, and acrylic polymer), showed that Aroclor 1254 has the "best all-around chemical resistance, failing badly only in the gasoline test," Paints were sprayed onto solvent-cleaned, unprimed, cold-rolled-steel panels, which were then immersed in seven types of solutions until failure. The data in Table 2, excerpted from the November 1955 issue of Official Digest of the Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, compare the chemical resistance imparted by Aroclor 1254 and by dioctyl phthalate. TABLE 2 COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN VINYL CHLORIDE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER PAINT Plasticizers Dioctyl Phtha- Aroclor iate 1254 (%! (%) 10 - 10 25 - 25 40 - 50 a) End of test 10% Sodium Hydrox ide /days/ 120* 120 60 120 60 120 Time to Failure in Corrosive Media 10% Hydro chloric Acid Gasoline (hours) {daysj 92 0.4 168 5 24 0.4 5% Sodium Hypo chlorite (days) 4 13 4 Linseed 10% Oil Acetic Fatty Acid Acids (hours) (days) 84 60 168 90 84 27 120 0.4 14.5 120 90 24 0.4 4 48 22 96 0.4 11 100 60 7% Tide at ISO'F (days) 21 22 25 22 25 22 In other corrosion-resistance tests of polyvinyl chloride plastisols, containing 70 parts plasticizer per 100 parts resin a formulation that contained 1 part Aroclor 1254 to 3 parts dioctyl phthalate was much more resistant to 15 percent nitric acid at either 23 or 50C for six months than a compound plasticized with dioctyl phthalate alone. The plastisol modified with both Aroclor 1254 and dioctyl phthalate was also more resistant to 25 percent chromic oxide at 50C for four weeks and was equivalent at 23C for six months in comparison with the dioctyl phthalate-modified vinyl plastisol. Tridamark d! Gaily Chamkal C. 0562214 I TOWOLDMON0036740 WATER_PCB-00021209 Migration Resistance The use of Aroclor 1262 as a ooplasticizer with dioctyl phthalate greatly enhances the resistance of plasticizer migration to nitrocellulose lacquers and films. Table 3 compares this property for four formulations. TABLE 3 PLASTICIZER MIGRATION TO NITROCELLULOSE LACQUERS AND FILMS Plasticizer1 Dioctyl Phthalate Polymeric Plasticizer Aroclor 1262 Hardness. Shore "A" Time (weeks/ Room Temperature 1 2 3 Aroclor and OOP (parts/ 66 20 72 No Change No Change No Change 4 No Change 5 No Change 10 No Change 50 C 1 No Change 2 No Change 3 No Change 4 No Change 5 No Change 10 No Change General Motors Lacquer Indentation, Test (158eF; 72 hr.; Very Slight M-psi load) Softening Control OOP (parts) 71 - 72 Aroclor, OOP. and Polymeric (parts/1 36 33 20 72 Polymeric and OOP (parts) 38 35 - 73 No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Moderate Marking Moderate Marking Moderate Marking Extreme Softening Moderate Marking Severe Marking Very Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Lifting Very Slight Softening Very Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Moderate Softening Extreme Softening a) Formulation Ingredients Opalon 660 PVC Resin Epoxy Soybean Oil Barium-Cadmium Laurate Calcium Carbonate Plasticizer Parts by Weight 100 3 3 25 as indicated 0562215 9 || TOWOLDMON0036741 WATER_PCB-00021210 Plastisols The use of an Aroclor as a coplasticizer with dioctyl phthalate in polyvinyl chloride plastisols or organosols contributes greatly to the viscosity stability of these materials, especially at elevated tempera tures. This benefit is especially important whenever shelf stability is required. Although the initial viscosity of the plastisol or organosol is increased by the use of an Aroclor in the formulation, the viscosity reduction upon temperature elevation (before the fusion temperature is reached) is much greater than when most other plasticizers are used. A comparison of the viscosity stability of plastisol formulations with and without Aroclor is given in Table 4. TABLE 4 VISCOSITY STABILITY OF PLASTISOLS 25'C Initial 1 Day 1 Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks Dioctyl Phthalate (80 phr) Viscosity* (poises) 36 65 97 116 132 Aroclor 1254 (20 phr) Dioctyl Phthalate (60 phr) Viscosity* (poises) 49 63 78 75 148 40C Initial 1 Day 1 Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 37 84 215 305 426 48 98 108 110 209 50'C Initial 1 Day 1 Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 66 gel 94 660 980 gel a) Brookfield LVF viscometer, No. 4 spindle, 12 rpm Aroclor 5460 (20 phr) Dioctyl Phthalate (60 phr) Viscosity* (poises) 92 154 161 178 252 68 136 139 164 274 100 470 900 gel Dipping Plastisols. The chemical resistance of Aroclor compounds is used to good advantage in chrome-plating-bath coatings and in glove coatings, as illustrated by the following formulation for a clear glovedipping plastisol: Ingredients Opalon 440 PVC resin Aroclor 1254 Diisodecyl Phthalate Santicizer 160 HB-40 Secondary Plasticizer Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Liquid Chelator-Stabilizer Santocel 54 Silica Aerogel Parts by Weight 100 20 50 25 20 2 0.5 3 0562216 TOWOLDMON0036742 WATER PCB-00021211 Sealers. The adhesion-imparting characteristics of Aroclor compounds, their oxidation stability, and their chemical resistance are utilized in the manufacture of automotive sealers, such as the following suggested starting formulations: Ingredients Parts by Weight Opalon 440 PVC resin Vinylite' VMCH resin Aroclor11260 Diisodecyl Phthalate Santicizer 160 Calcium Carbonate Epoxy Soybean Oil Dibasic Lead Phosphite 96 4 50 100 28 125 5 3 Fabric-Coating Vinyl Dispersions. The use of Aroclor plasticizers in organosol or plastisol formulations enables the manufacture of fireretardant free films and coated fabrics with a high degree of hardness, yet flexibility. The following typical starting formulation for a vinyl organosol to be used for free film or coated fabric illustrates this effect: Ingredients Parts by Weight Opalon 440 PVC resin Dioctyl Phthalate Aroclor 1254 Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Epoxy Soybean Oil Thinner Xylene 100 33 ID 2.5 3 20-35 15-25 Rigid Plastisols. The viscosity characteristics of the Aroclor plasti cizers are utilized in the following formulation for rigid, rotationallycast objects. The formulation is very viscous when first made up, but when heat is applied, the viscosity decreases so that a smoothly-flowing plastisol is obtained. The finished object has a Shore "D" hardness of 63. ingredients Parts by Weight Opalon 440 PVC resin Geon** 202 PVC resin Aroclor 1254 Santicizer 141 Epoxy Octyl Tallate Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Liquid Zinc Stabilizer Polyethylene Glycol 400 Monolaurate 55 45 35 10 5 2 0.5 1 Tndtmirkol Union Cttbldt Carp. Ttidimirk of B. f. Goodrich Chomlcol Co. TOWOLDMON0036743 WATER_PCB-00021212 Vinyl Foam Aroclor 1262 and 1268 impart fine, uniform cell structure and flame resistance to chemically-blown vinyl foam, as shown by the following formulations: Ingredients Dpalon 440 PVC resin Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1268 Dioctyl Phthalate Diisodecyl Phthalate Di-(/?-0ctyl, /7-0ecyl) Adipate Santicizer 214 Santicizer 409 Butyl Oleate Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Epoxy Resin Neutral Calcium Petronate Calcium Oxide Sodium Laurel Sulfate Nitrosan' Chemical blowing agent Parts by Weight 100 100 100 - 20 - 20 - 10 40 - - - 50 30 - 10 30 - 15 - 50 - - 5 -- 233 -2 2 3.6 3.6 3.6 -1 1 - 1.6 1.6 10 10 5 Flame-Retardant Floor Tile The nonflammability of the Aroclor compounds suggests their use in the manufacture of flame-retardant vinyl-asbestos floor tile for military applications. In Table 5 is presented an evaluation of three Aroclor plasticizers in typical vinyl-asbestos-tile formulations. Substitution of antimony oxide for part of the limestone is suggested for still greater fire retardance. TABLE 5 EVALUATION OF AROCLOR IN FLAME-RETARDANT, VINYL-ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE Santicizer 160 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 5460 McBurney Inden tation Hardness Banbury Time (to reach 280eF, sec.) Time to band on roll mill (sec.) Plasticity Tack Surface a) Formulation Control* (parts) 37 - 7.B 99 15 Excellent Excellent Excellent Arotiot 1254 (parts) 30 15 - 9.6 96 10 Excellent Excellent Fair Aroclor 1260 (parts) 36 - 17 - 10.4 102 10 Excellent Excellent Excellent Aroclor 5460 (parts) 40 - 20 11.2 115 5 Excellent Excellent Excellent -Trtdtnurkel E, I. du Peril d* Ntmourt t Co., Inc. I I I 0562218 | TOWOLDMON0036744 WATER_PCB-00021213 In Polyvinyl Acetate Ingredients Opalon 506 PVC Resin Santicizer 160 Aroclor Asbestos Limestone Titanium Dioxide Stabilizer Parts by Weight 100 As Indicated As Indicated 160 290 15 5 Aroclor compounds are excellent plasticizers for polyvinyl acetateemulsion adhesives and hot-melt adhesives. The excellent tack and strong bonding power they impart and their low cost contribute greatly to the performance and profitability of these adhesives. Emulsion Adhesives The liquid Aroclors -- such as Aroclor 1221, 1232, and 1242 -- blend readily by simple stirring with polyvinyl acetate emulsion at up to 11 parts per 100 parts of emulsion. They greatly improve the quick-tack and fiber-tear properties of the adhesive. The performance of Aroclor plasticizers in polyvinyl acetate-emulsion adhesives is compared with that imparted by dibutyl phthalate in Table G. The following is suggested as a typical starting formulation for a low-cost, quick-tack adhesive: Ingredients Ge/va S-55 PVAc Emulsion Aroclor 1232 Parts by Weight 100 11 TABLE 6 PERFORMANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN POLYVINYL ACETATE-EMULSION ADHESIVES Hardness (Shore "A") Dibutyl Phthalate (11 phr} 69 Aroclor 1221 (ii pi"> 66 Low Temperature Flexibility (Clash & Berg, 1t, CC) -10.2 -5.9 Volatility (24 hr., 86C over activated charcoal) 4.0 4.8 (Plasticizer lost. %) Kerosene Extraction (24 hr., 25*C) (Plasticizer lost, %) 4.1 4.5 Formulation Viscosity (cp.) Initial* 2420 2240 1 Day 2460 - 3 Days - 2200 4 Days 2520 - 5 Days - 2200 7 Days - 2180 10 Days - 2260 e) Initial viscosity of unplasticized emulsion: 1500 centipoises Aroclor 1232 (11 phi) 86 4.0 4.3 3.8 2160 - 2060 - 2040 2020 2060 Aroclor 1242 (ii p/"i 97 5.3 4.0 4.2 - - - - - 0 SbiZ'-9 TOWOLDMON0036745 WATER PCB-00021214 In Ethylene Vinyl Acetate When the slight odor of Aroclor is objectionable in an adhesive for certain applications, it can be easily masked, at negligible cost, by the addition of a small amount of Santomask1-1 II. Hot-Melt Adhesives Aroclor compounds are widely used as plasticizers in polyvinyl acetate hot-melt adhesives for bookbinding and other applications. Four sug gested started formulations for evaluation are as follows: Ingredient Parts by Weight Application Temperature 165 wc Polyvinyl Acetate 95' 100' Opalon 505 PVC resin 5- Modified Rosin Coumarone-lndene Resin (soft) -- -_ Aroclor 1254 - 55 Aroclor 1260 50-75 - Dibutyl Phthalate -- Santicizer 160 (or dibutyl phthalate) 50-75 30 Clay - 25 Fluxing Resin (Filtros Resin WW) - 75 Acrawax C* -- LowMelting 5DA 25 __ 12 - 13 - - - AlkaliDispersab/e 38' - - 28.3 27 7 - - - 1 Sodium Benzoate Viscosity (centipoises) -- - 0.76 2000 (120C) Non-blocking 3500 <17SC) Non-blocking a) Gelva V-7 b) Gelva C-3 V-10 c) Gelva C-5 V-16 The Aroclor products are among the most compatible, effective, and versatile plasticizer/modifiers available for ethylene vinyl acetate. Both the liquid and solid Aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with ethylene vinyl acetate and other ingredients commonly used in ethylene vinyl acetate, such as paraffin and microcrystalline waxes and other resin modifiers. Aroclor offers special functional properties and reduces formulation costs when used with ethylene vinyl acetate. Hot-Melt Adhesives Aroclor in ethylene vinyl acetate hot melts imparts excellent initial tack and high final bond strength. Aroclor is particularly useful in providing versatility of adhesive bond to various substrates such as aluminum foil, cellophane, polyethylene, Mylar** polyester film and paper. Liquid Aroclor, such as Aroclor 1254, provide greater flexibility and lower application viscosities. Solid Aroclor 5460 provides adhesive strength, permanence, and lowers the melt viscosity. Both liquid and solid Aroclor products are exceptionally heat stable, resistant to oxidation, moisture, and chemical attack and arc, in general, very inert. Flexibility, specific adhesion, and melt viscosity may be adjusted by varying Aroclor concentration and by selection of solid and/or liquid Aroclor plasticizers. 'Indtmirk ol Glrco Cliamiult. Tridimnk ol DuPont Co. Zli0 TOWOLDMON0036746 WATER PCB-00021215 In Epoxy Resins Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Aroclor in ethylene vinyl acetate pressure-sensitive adhesives imparts excellent specific adhesion and tack. Liquid Aroclor, such as Aroclor 1248 or 1254, improve flexibility and adhesion while solid Aroclor 5460 or 5442 impart a high degree of tack and bond strength. Suggested starting point formulations for evaluation using Aroclor in ethylene vinyl acetate hot-melt and pressure-sensitive adhesives are shown below: Hot-Melt Adhesive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Parts Parts by Weight_____________________________ byWeight "E/vax"* 40 "Elvax" 150 30 Aroclor 5460 40 Aroclor 5460 40 Microcrystalline Wax 20 Aroclor 1254 50 The Aroclor plasticizers probably have greater compatibility with epoxy resins than any other available nonreactivc plasticizer-modifiers. The excellent chemical resistance, oxidation resistance, and adhesive qualities imparted by the Aroclor compounds reinforce these important beneficial properties of epoxies and thereby help the compounder reduce his formulation costs materially without significant adverse affect on performance. The lower-molecular-weight, liquid Aroclor plasticizers (such as 1221 and 1232) have maximum plasticizing efficiency and impart the most flexibility to epoxy compounds. The more viscous, resinous Aroclor products have progressively less effect on epoxy flexibility: the highmolecular-weight, solid Aroclor plasticizers (1268, 2565, 4465, 5460, etc.), in fact, tend to reinforce the compound. The effects of Aroclor 1221 and 1248 on the properties and performance of an epoxy resin are indicated by the data in Table 7. TABLE 7 EFFECT OF AROCLOR 1221 AMD 1248 ON PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS FormulationB Viscosity'1 Physical Properties Physical Propertyc After Heat Aging Aroclor Aroclor 1221 1248 ~- 25 - 25 izod Clarity Before After Impact (Light Hardness Curing Curing Resist Reflect Shore "D" Agent Agent ance ed) (%) (10 sec.) 12,800 7900 0.2 (30 rpm) 3.0 76 1650 1200 ~ 3.0 8 7700 4300 0.6 3.0 40 Hardness Weight Shore "D" loss (10 sec.) (%) 86 0,012 81 2.118 88 0.682 Tndamark ol Du Port Co. 0562221 15 TOWOLDMON0036747 WATER_PCB-00021216 f ingredients Parts by Weight a) Liquid Epoxy Resin 100 Tetraethylenepentamine 8 Aroclor 1221 or 1248 As Indicated Cure: 30 minutes at 100'C b) Brookfield LVF No. 4 spindle: 60 rpm unless otherwise specified c) 24 hours at 86`C in activated charcoal Development of flame-retardant epoxy resins is of wide-spread interest. Aliphatic amine-cured epoxy-resin formulations are made self extinguish ing by the use of 20 parts of liquid Aroclor per hundred parts of resin. The incorporation of antimony oxide at 5 phr, with 15 parts of Aroclor per hundred parts of resin, yields nonburning formulations {Table 8). The use of liquid Aroclor in aliphatic amine-cured epoxies also improves flexural strength and compressive-yield strength, has little effect on tensile strength, and slightly lowers heat-distortion temperature and compressive ultimate strength. The use of solid Aroclor in phthalic anhydride-cured epoxy systems also reduces flammability and, in combination with antimony oxide, produces nonburning formulations. The solid Aroclor products also greatly improve such important properties as compressive strength, flexural strength, compressive-yield strength, and tensile strength, although they slightly lower the heat-distortion temperature (Table 9.) Extension of epoxy-resin adhesives with Aroclor greatly reduces the formulation cost, with minimum effect on the bonding characteristic of the adhesive or surface coating. In epoxy-resin protective surface coatings, the use of Aroclor 1254, 1260, or 1262 economically imparts excellent chemical resistance, particularly to acids and alkalies. When resistance to solvents is de sired, however, Aroclors should not be used, since they are true plasti cizers and do not combine chemically with the epoxy resin. Frequently, about 10 to 15 per cent Aroclor 1260 or 1262 is added to increase the flexibility of the epoxy composition, with minimum effect on the corrosion resistance and adhesion of the film. | 16 TOWOLDMON0036748 WATER_PCB-00021217 TABLE 8 EFFECT OF AROCLOR 1242 AND 1260 ON FLAMMABILITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS Aroc/or 1242 (phr) ~ 20 15 -- Formulation1 Aroclor Antimony 1260 Oxide (phi) (phr) ~~ ~20 -- -5 15 5 Hardness (Rockwell "NT) 104 108 103 107 106 Flammability (ASTM 635-56T) inches Rate burned (in.lmin.) 4 0.82 2.125 b 1.125 b 0c 0c HeatDistortion Temp. (CJ 117.5 79.5 87 81 92 Flexural Strength (P*i) 20.100 21.800 23.800 22,200 22.100 Tensile Strength (psi) 11.400 10,700 13.000 12.800 9,800 Compres sive Yield Strength (psi) 15.700 17,900 17.250 16,700 16,950 Ingredients a) Liquid Epoxy Resin Diethylenetriamine Aroclor 1242 or 1260 Antimony oxide Cure: 16 hours at room temperature, plus 2 hours ar 100C Parts by Weight 100 13 as indicated as indicated b) Self extinguishing c) Nonburning TABLE 9 EFFECT OF SOLID AROCLOR ON FLAMMABILITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS Aroclor 1268 (phr) ~ 20 15 - Formulation9 Aroc/or 5460 (phr) * 20 -- 15 Antimony Oxide (phr) ~ ~ ~ 5 5 Hardness (Rockwell "M") 113 112 113 112 in Flammability (in.lmin.} 0.6 0.38 0.38 b b HeatDistortion Temp. ro 143 128 135.5 134 135 Flexural Strength (P*i) 16.900 25,900 26,300 20,000 19,000 Tensile Strength (psi) 11,000 13.500 11.500 11.100 10.200 Ingredients Parts by Weight a) Liquid Epoxy Resin Phthalic Anhydride DMP-30' catalyst Aroclor 1268 or 5460 Antimony Oxide Cure: 20 hours ar 15Q*C . 100 75 0.1 as indicated as indicated b) Nonburning *T>rtmirk of Rohm & Nw Co Compres sive Yield Strength (P*i) 20.900 22.300 21,000 20,500 21,200 Compres sive Strength (psi) 43,000 32,500 32,900 32,400 38,150 Compres sive Strength (psi) 23,400 36,500 41,700 36,700 40.700 ZZ779S0 VJ TOWOLDMON0036749 WATER_PCB-00021218 In Polyester Resins The highly chlorinated, less-volatile Aroclor compounds such as Aroclor 1260, 4465, and 5460, are very effective and economical fire retardants for polyester resins, and they do not significantly affect the physical properties of the resin. The Aroclor plasticizers are effectively used in combination with equal amounts of antimony oxide, since the two materials are synergistic; Aroclor imparts self-extinguishing properties to the resin, and antimony oxide reduces afterglow. Table 10 indicates the degree of flame resistance imparted to a generalpurpose polyester resin (with a 35 percent styrene content) by various equal concentrations of antimony oxide and one of these three Aroclor plasticizers. TABLE 10 FIRE RETARDANCE IMPARTED TO POLYESTER RESINS BY AROCLOR AND ANTIMONY OXIDE Antimony* Oxide and Aroclor 1260 2.5% - 4465 - 5460 flammable a) Formulation 5% semiflammable flammable self extinguishing 50 seconds 7.5% semiflammable self extinguishing 5 seconds -- 10% self extinguishing 30 seconds self extinguishing 5 seconds self extinguishing 5 seconds 15% self extinguishing immediate ' self extinguishing immediate self extinguishing immediate Ingredients Polyester Resin (general purpose] Styrene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (60% in dibutyl phthalate) Cobalt Naphthenate (1% solution) Aroclor and Antimony Oxide Weight Percent 62 35 2 1 as indicated Inclusion of an Aroclor increases the flexural strength of the naturally brittle polyester and makes addition of a more expensive plasticizing polyester unnecessary. At a concentration of 10 percent (enough for fire retardancy), none of the Aroclor plasticizers reduced the flexural strength of the cure resin significantly (Table 11), and their effect was comparable to that of a plasticizing polyester. At 20 percent addition, they improved the impact strength, whereas the plasticizing polyester reduced it. The solid Aroclor plasticizers are preferred for fire-resistant surface coatings. 4 I TOWOLDMON0036750 WATER_PCB-00021219 In Polyethylene In Polystyrene TABLE 11 EFFECT OF AROCLOR ON STRENGTH OF FIBER-GLASS-REINFORCED POLYESTER RESINS Plasticizer None Flexural Strength /%) (psij 0 47,210 Plasticizing Polyester 10 20 43,310 39,930 Aroclor 1260 10 45,600 20 33,880 Aroclor 4465 10 40,740 20 33,390 Aroclor 5460 10 37,400 20 35,890 Flexural Modulus (psi) 2,190,000 2,000,000 1,560.000 2,090,000 1,690,000 2.190.000 1.290,000 1,700,000 1,550,000 Impact Strength (ft.-lb.jin.) 1.73 1.64 1.24 1.33 2.04 1.41 2.48 1.85 3.06 The need to make polyethylene and other polyolefins flame retardant is well recognized. The well-known flame retardancy of the Aroclor products suggests their evaluation for polyolefin applications such as molded products, coatings, and hot-melt adhesives. Preliminary evaluation of Aroclor 5460 (20 percent) and antimony oxide (10 percent) showed good results in imparting flame retardancy to low-density, noncrystalline polyethylene. Compared to the use of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, the use of Aroclor greatly improved the heat stability and had considerably less effect on tensile strength, yield, and elongation of the formulation. _____________________________________ The Aroclor products are good plasticizers for polystyrene. The lowermolecular-weight Aroclor plasticizers have greater solvating power than the higher-molecular-weight Aroclor products. The gelling rate of various plasticizers in polystyrene resin is shown in Table 12, each plasticizer was added to the polystyrene resin at a concentration of 2 parts plasticizer per part of resin, and the time required for the material to gel was noted. TABLE 12 GELLING RATE OF PLASTICIZERS IN POLYSTYRENE Plasticizer (200 phr) Aroclor 1221 Diethyl Phthalate Dimethyl Phthalate Aroclor 1242 Santicizer 141 Santicizer 160 Santicizer B-16 HB-40 Time to Gel (min.) immediate 0.5 0.75 2 3 6 18 30 0562223 I. TOWOLDMON0036751 WATER_PCB-00021220 In Polyurethanes Aroclor products are useful as plasticizers and flame retardants in polyurethane rubbers, foams, adhesives and coatings. Having extremely low moisture content (50 ppm or less), the Aroclor plasticizers are useful in applications where low moisture is required. Other advantages exhibited by Aroclor in polyurethanes include resistance to oxidation, resistance to alkali and acids, improved adhesion, and low cost. The following formulation illustrates the use of Aroclor 1254 in a polyure thane flocking adhesive: Part A Part B Ingredients Multranir FLO Urethane Resin Mondvr* C Isocyanate Aroclor 1254 Muftranit FLD Mondvr C Parts by Weight 100 5 20 100 5-10 Part A is applied to the fabric by knife coating and allowed to dry thoroughly. The fabric is then coated with Part B, and the material is flocked immediately. Protective urethane coatings are unusually well suited for application to concrete and metal. Aroclor 1254 is incorporated to improve ad hesion and sealing. The first of the following formulations is the preferred prime coat for concrete storage tanks for gasoline and fuel oils. The second formulation is the base coat for a concrete wood-kiln coating, which remained in perfect condition after two-and-one-halfyears' continuous exposure to heat, moisture, and wood distillates. The other two formulations, for primer and intermediate light-metal coating, contain Aroclor 1254 for better adhesion to metal. Ingredients Mondvr C Muitron R-4 Polyester Resin Multron R-10 Aroclor* 1254 Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Butyral Methyl Glycol Acetate Butyl Acetate Ethyl Acetate Toluene Pigment (colored) Zinc Chromate Titanium Oioxide (rutile) Talc (micronized) UnsealedConcrete Prime Coat (parts) 19.0 10.0 5.0 0.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 12.5 12.5 HighTemperature Concrete Primer (parts) 12.0 12.0 2.9 _ 0.4 9.0 5.4 4.0 6.9 - 15.0 13.9 Light-Metal Coating Primer Intermediate (parts) (parts) 21.0 25.1 2.6 7.2 10.5 7.2 2.7 1.8 0.3 0.3 -- -_ 8.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 15.1 14.2 6.7 21.0 7.9 - _- 13.2 5.5 Mullcanllind Mondur: MobayChimleil Campanytrademarks. 0562226 | TOWOLDMON0036752 WATER_PCB-00021221 In Phenolic Resins # Considerable interest has been shown in the use of Aroclor plasticizers to make phenolic laminating resins flame retardant. The highermolecular-weight Aroclor products (1262 and 5460) are usually evalu ated for this purpose. Aroclor 1268 and 2565 are useful in the manufacture of brake linings. Chlorinated rubber primer and topcoat, plasticized with Arocloroffer excellent resistance to outdoor weathering, high humidity, steam and condensed acid vapors. Aroclor In Rubbers In Chlorinated Rubber And Chlorinated Polypropylene Protective coatings based on chlorinated rubber generally contain Aroclor plasticizers to enhance their chemical resistance (to water, alkali, and acid), corrosion resistance, and electrical insulating proper ties and to impart flame retardance. When properly pigmented, they are unusually weather resistant. Aroclor compounds strengthen the adhesive grip of chlorinated-rubber lacquers, varnishes, and paints to structural materials and improve the flexibility and life of the coating. Typical applications include protective and decorative coatings for swimming pools, stucco homes, steel structures, tank cars, and both wood and metal maritime equipment. Their outstanding chemical resistance qualifies these coatings for use in manufacturing plants where chemical attack is prevalent. Aroclor 1254 and 1260 are used in chlorinated-rubber coatings as flexibilizing plasticizers, commonly in combination with Aroclor 5460, which serves as a resin fortifier. A # variety of suggested starting formulations based on chlorinated rubber is given in the following table. 066Z227 II. TOWOLDMON0036753 WATER_PCB-00021222 " 22 Paints for Alkaline Surfaces Ingredients Fed. Spec. TT-P-91 (parts} Concrete Maximum Acid White Swimming and Alkali Marine PooI Resistance Paint (parts) (parts) (parts) Parion* (20 cp.) Chlorinated Rubber Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 18 ID ._ 10.2 5.1 - 18 8 6 20 6 - Aroclor 5460 6 - -- Long-oil, oxidizing, alkyd resin -- -6 Medium-oil, drying, alkyd resin - 5.1 -_ Carbon Black 0.5 - -- Iron Oxide -- 18 - Titanium Dioxide 16 11.4 - 25 Zinc Oxide 2- -- Asbestine** 3X (magnesium silicate) - 11.7 - - Bentone*** 34 gelling agent - 1.3 -- Epichlorohydrin - 0.1 0.09 - Stabilizer -- 0.9 - SoIvesso'"* 150 42.75 - -- So/vesso 100 _ 9.1 45 - Turpentine 4.75 - 5 - Xylene - 45.7 - 23 Hi-Flash Naphtha -- - 20 Aroclor compounds are also incorporated in chlorinated-rubber for mulations used for heat-sealing adhesives, electrical coatings, paper and textile coatings, and printing inks. The following starting formula tion is for an acid- and flame-resistant adhesive: Ingredients Chlorinated Rubber (125-cp. type) Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Toluene Parts by Weight 20 6 6 68 Chlorinated polypropylene, a new film-forming resin, produces clear, colorless films, appears equal to chlorinated natural rubber in chemical resistance, and is noticeably more heat and light stable. Aroclor is very compatible with the resin and is recommended in the following start ing formulations: Ingredients Chlorinated Polypropylene Aroclor 5460 Aroclor 1254 Dioctyl Sebacate Epoxy stabilizer Solids, wt. percent in toluene Composition (wt. %) 50.0" 55.0* 15.0 15.0 24.0 24.0 4.3 4.3 1.7 1.7 50.0 50.0 TriMmirkel Hwcujm Inc. Tilflemnk d lnlmiltornl TlcCo. MuMmirkd Nitionil laid Compiny *T(iOmirk d Sttndiid Oil Company (N. J.) ' A 9H ^H H I I TOWOLDMON0036754 WATER_PCB-00021223 300 F heat stability 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 5 hours 18 hours Film Properties v. si. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow black v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow _ - Fade-Ometer* stability 24 hours 48 hours 96 hours 144 hours si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow mod. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow si. yellow brown Two-week chemical resistance water 10% hydrochloric acid 1% sodium hydroxide excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent a) Parlon P (10-cp, 20% in toluene) -- Hercules Inc. b) Parlon P (20-cp, 20% in toluene) -- Hercules Inc. c) Lacquers were sprayed on "bonderized" steel panels. Films were 2.5- to 3.0-miIs thick after 72-hours' air drying. |n Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers Aroclor plasticizers are very often incorporated in coatings based on styrene-butadiene copolymers to impart resistance to acids, alkalies, moisture, and corrosive chemicals. These coatings are suited for use on masonry, wood, and metal for such applications as concrete floors; architectural finishes; metal primers and finishes on maritime equip ment, structures, and tank cars; baking primers; corrosion-resistant industrial films; and oil- and grease-resistant coatings. The following suggested formulations for typical applications of styrene - butadiene - copolymer coatings offer excellent performance: Ingredient Styrene-Butadiene Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 5460 Raw Tung Oil Hydrogenated Methyl Abietate Tmykyi" ABC Lecithin Soya Lecithin Petroleum Naphtha Hi-Flash Naphtha Mineral Spirits No. 10 Toluene Xylene Clear Wall Aluminum Vehicle Sealer Enamel (wt. %>) libJWO gal.) (wt. %) 16.60s 123.2* 7.40s 8.39 41.4 6.00 --- 9.11 41.4 13.40 1.655 - - - - 0.545 - - - 5.9 - - _ 62.70 246.4 ~ --- - 185.3 33.60 -- - - 22.40 Paint lib.) 147' - 31 - 8 3 ~ - 395 - - - Traffic Paint (parts) 250s 120* - 130 - - - - - - 340 340 - Trarfemaik of Atlai ElKliic Dics Ce. Trademark of Troy Chemical Co. 0562229 TOWOLDMON0036755 WATER_PCB-00021224 Lithopone -- 339.3 - Titanium Dioxide -- 59.2 - 179 Aluminum Stearate -- 5.9 - - Aluminum Paste -- - 8.55 - Zinc Oxide -- -- - 60 Barium Sulfate -- - - 90 Asbestine 3X (magnesium silicate) -- 75.0 - - Calcium Carbonate, ground -- - - 236 Diatomaceous Earth -- - - 76 Mica -- - 8.00 30 a) Marbon "9200" MV (Trademark of Marbon Chemical Div., Borg-Warner Corp.) b) Pliolite S-5A (Trademark of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company) cj Marbon "9200" LV (Marbon Chemical Div., Borg-Warner Corp.) d) Flaked Piccoflex 120 (Trademark of Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.) e) Pliolite S-5B (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company) f} or Aroclor 1248 _ - - - _ - _ - In Synthetic And Natural Rubbers The liquid Aroclor plasticizers -- 1221,1232, 1242, and 1248 -- have a strong plasticizing action on both natural and synthetic rubbers. Solid Aroclor --1254 and 1260 -- imparts permanent tackiness and adhesion to the rubber composition. Neoprene Compositions containing up to 40 parts of Aroclor 5460, 2565, 4465, or 1268 in 100 parts of neoprene rubber are extremely fire retardant. About 1.5 parts of Aroclor 1268 per hundred parts of neoprene imparts excellent working qualities at 225 to 325 F for injection moldings. Neoprene modified with Aroclor compounds has proved extremely useful as a wire and cable coating. Aroclor 5460 imparts plasticization and adhesion to decorative and protective coatings that have been commercially used on rubber products for many years. Suggested starting formulations for a clear, dull coating and for three pigmented coatings are as follows: Ingredients Aroclor 5460 Neoprene GRN-10 Chlorinated rubber (21 cps.) High-styrene resin Isobutyl methacrylate Toluene Parts by Weight base for dear, dull coating pigmented coatings 3.70 16.00 3.50 8.00 1.30 - 1.00 4.38 0.40 1.75 90.10 69.87 ( O5feZ23 I TOWOLDMON0036756 WATER_PCB-00021225 Ingredients Paste: Base Chromium Oxide Zinc Oxide No. 3 Titanium Dioxide Aluminum Hydrate Toluene green coating 20.0 6.4 3.6 10.0 white (high gloss) 43.0 10.5 15.0 31.5 white (luster modifier)' 29.0 - - _ 25.0 52.0 Ready-to-Use Coating: Base Paste 60.0 70.0 40.0 30.0 * * *To modify the luster of the white, high-gloss coating, the selected amount of the modifier composition is in corporated into the high-gloss paste to achieve the desired degree of flatness. Polybutene Aroclor plasticizers and Indopol* polybutenes are blended in various proportions to make permanently tacky coatings for fabric or paper. Insecticides, for example, can be blended into such coatings to make insect traps or barriers on tree trunks for foliage or fruit protection. Such coatings can also be used for tape and sign backing. Excellent sealing and caulking compounds are made with blends of Aroclor and polybutenes with inorganic fillers, such as: ingredient Whiting Talc Lithopone Asbestos Percent 50 3D 10 10 By various combinations of selected Aroclor compounds and poly butenes, a wide range of hardness, viscosity, flow, and bonding charac teristics can be produced in durable sealing and caulking compounds. Specialty mastics, too, are obtained by selective blends of Aroclor plasticizers with polybutenes. They have excellent adhesivity for such uses as automobile-body sealants. *Trlnurkof Amoco Chtnkilt Ccrp. 0562231 . I TOWOLDMON0036757 WATER_PCB-00021226 Paper-transparentizing liquids (for making tracing paper, window envelopes, and special packaging) can be formulated with Aroclor 5460 and polybutenes. A typical economical formulation is as follows: Ingredient Percent Aroclor 5460 30 Polybutene (Indopol H-300) 25 Toluene 45 Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Rubber The Aroclor plasticizers -- particularly Aroclor 5460 -- are useful as softeners for Buna N rubber. Silicone Rubber Aroclor is a very effective flame retardant for silicone rubbers. Crepe Rubber (Natural) Aroclor 1262 is used as a low-cost plasticizer for crepe rubber in paint compositions. In concentrations of from 5 to 50 per cent of the weight of the rubber, the Aroclor increases the films alkali resistance, and adhesivity to steel. ( Polysulfide Rubber 26 Aroclor plasticizers are widely used to flcxibilize, improve the bond ing strength, increase the chemical resistance, and reduce the cost of Thiokol* polysulfide liquid rubbers. Among the many uses of poly sulfide formulations are joint-sealant compounds used in construction, solvent-resistant gaskets, adhesives for concrete, potting and encap sulation, protective coatings, and binders. Although the Aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with poly sulfide rubbers -- up to 100 phr -- the concentration to be used depends on the handling and performance properties required in the finished compounds. Suggested concentrations of Aroclor range from about 15 phr for sealant compounds to about 40 phr for casting formulations. Liquid Aroclor (such as Aroclor 1248) is used to reduce the viscosity and permit the use of higher filler concentration, whereas the solid Aroclor (such as Aroclor 5460) is useful where low volatility is desired. The following suggested starting formulations illustrate the use of Aroclor 1232 in a joint sealant compound and of Aroclor 1248 in a polysulfide casting formulation: o^bZZ3Z | TOWOLDMON0036758 WATER_PCB-00021227 Ingredient Thioko! LP-32 polysulfide Thiokot LP-2 polysulfide Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1248 Calcium Carbonate Calcined Clay Titanium Dioxide Phenolic Resin Stearic Acid Zinc Sulfide Sulfur C-5 Paste* Sealant (purls! 100 5-15 20 20 10 5 1 -0.1 15 Casting Compound (parts! - 100 - 20-40 - - - - - 40 0.1 15 Property Cast sheets, after cure of 7 days at room temperature: Tensile strength, psi 150-200 Elongation, percent 500-700 Hardness. Shore "A" 30-40 150-200 300-400 25-35 a) lead peroxide. 50%; dibutyl phthalate, 45%; stearic acid, 5%: passed three times through a tight paint mill. Aroclor In Cellulosic Resins In Ethyl Cellulose Ethyl cellulose formulations plasticized with Aroclor are used as pro tective lacquers, adhesives, and strippable coatings. The solids, such as Aroclor 5460, are widely used with ethyl cellulose or cellulose acetate-butyrate resins in hot-melt applications for the protection of tools and metal parts. The Aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with ethyl cellulose; the liquid Aroclor imparts flexibility; the solids impart hardness. For example, 75 parts of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces a very flexible, slightly tacky material. Aroclor 5460 at the same concentration yields a very hard, somewhat brittle composition. Hard films that contain Aroclor 4465 arc not brittle at ordinary temperatures. For high-gloss coatings with exceptional weathering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are suggested. When a more flexible coating is required, a softer Aroclor should replace either all or part of the Aroclor 5460. 0562233 I TOWOLDMON0036759 WATER_PCB-00021228 In Nitrocellulose - 28 The following five typical formulations indicate the versatility of various Aroclor plasticizers in compounding for widely different types of applications. They are intended as guides to the use of Aroclor compounds with ethyl cellulose. Ingredients Ethyl Cellulose Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 5460 Dow 276, V-9 Octylphenol Stearic Acid Rutile Titanium Oxide Epoxy Resin Santonox Antioxidant Mineral Oil Castor Oil Epoxidized Soya Oil Paraffin Wax {m.p. 135eF) Lacquer (parts) 50 50 - - _ - - White AlkaliResistant Lacquer (parts) 25 16 76 - 1 - 50 1 - - - Liquid Adhesive (parts) 50 - - 40 8 2 - - - - - Strippabie Coating (parts) 49 49 - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - Hut-Melt Adhesive (parts) 24 - - 7 - - - - - 1 57 5 3 3 The first four of these formulations may be dissolved in suitable solvents, such as mixtures of about four parts of toluene to one part of butanol, to obtain the desired viscosity. In nitrocellulose lacquers, the Aroclor compounds can function either as plasticizers to modify the properties of the film or as resin extenders to add film-forming body. They are highly compatible with nitro cellulose and with other resins and plasticizers commonly used in lacquer formulations. They impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion, and flame retardance. Their excellent electrical characteristics and their ability to retard the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose films make the Aroclor compounds especially valuable in coatings for electric-insulating materials. The following trilinear diagrams (Figure 1), show the limits of practical compatibility of Aroclor 1254, 1260, and 1262 when used in nitro cellulose lacquers in combination with some other resins or plasticizers. The less viscous Aroclor plasticizers (1242 and 1248) are more com patible than those shown; the more resinous Aroclor (1268, 2565, 4465, 5442, and 5460) is less compatible. In these trilinear diagrams, compositions represented by any point in an unshaded area produce homogenous nitrocellulose-lacquer films. On the other hand, compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical (segregated, brittle, or soft) films. TOWOLDMON0036760 WATER_PCB-00021229 Fig. 1 -- Limits of Practical Compatibility of Aroclor in Nitrocellulose Lacquers f IOO 90 80 70 60 bO 40 30 20 10 PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE-GLYCEROL RESIN, % 0 05622 3 5 29 | TOWOLDMON0036761 WATER_PCB-00021230 Fig. 1 (Continued) < AROCLOR 1260 or 1262, % The following formulations are given to illustrate modifications that can be obtained by variations in composition. They all have excellent durability, but the first two are much harder and less flexible than the third. The first two also have excellent sanding and polishing qualities, but No. 3 is too soft for sanding. The cable lacquer (No. 4) has ex tremely high flexibility, as required for high-tension automobile cables. Obbll*b 30 I TOWOLDMON0036762 WATER_PCB-00021231 Ingredient Nitrocellulose (A sec.) (wet) Nitrocellulose (M sec.) (dry) Nitrocellulose (15-20 sec.) Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 6460 Dibutyl Phthalate Tricresyl Phosphate Damar Resin Ester Gum No, 1 {parts} 100 20 39 20-0 - 80 - No. 2 (parts) 100 - - 20 -- 20 - 80 No. 3 (parts) 100 - - 80-70 - 39-70 - - No. 4 Cable Lacquer (parts) - - 100 80 - - - 120 - - No. 5 Chrome Lacquer (parts) 100 - - - 47 32.5 - - - In Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate The high-chlorine-content Aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with cellulose acetate-butyrate and are widely used in the manufacture of low-cost, flame-resistant lacquers. Typical uses for these products include paper coatings, lacquers for plastics, strippable coatings for paint booths, and hot-melt adhesives. Typical starting formulations, illustrative of these uses, are suggested as follows: Ingredients Paper Lacquers Low-Cost Flame Cur! Resistant Resistant (wt. %) (M. %) Clear Wood Filler (wt. %) Half-Second Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate 20 20 7 Aroclor 1260 - 20 - Aroclor 1262 15 - - Aroclor 5460 - - 15 Dioctyl Phthalate -- Epoxy Soybean oil - -- Acrylic Resin - -- Dow 276, V9 - -- Socony Vacuum 200 - -- "Newport V4Q"* pine resin - - - Acetone - 10 - Methyl Ethyl Ketone - -- Methyl Osobutyl Ketone - -- Isobutyl Acetate 5 10 22 Ethanol 12 10 - Butanol Isobutanol --5 - -_ Toluene 48 30 6 Santonox Antioxidant _ -- Syn Fleur No. 6 odorant - -- Asbestine X (magnesium silicate) - - 45 6) Coatings for cellophane, cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetate-butyrate. Plastics* Lacquer (wt %) 6 1.5 - - 2.5 1.5 - - 10 5 - 33.5 - 25 15 - - - Paint-Booth Strippable Coating (wt. Vo) 20 - 9 9 9.5 - - 2.5 - 10 - - 5 10 - _ 25 - - - Hot-Melt Adhesive (wt. %J 35 - 30 15 - - - - 19.89 - - - 0.1 0.01 - 'Trademark oi NewportInlutlrlHCo.,Olv.o1 Hoydoo NowyorlChtmicitCorp. 05W237 TOWOLDMON0036763 WATER_PCB-00021232 Aroclor In Paint, Varnish, Wax, Asphalt In Paint And Varnish Aroclor is soluble in paint and varnish oils and solvents and compatible with most film-forming coating resins. The Aroclor plasticizers improve adhesion to the substrate and impart to the film properties that correspond to the particular character of the Aroclor used: the hard, resinous Aroclor tends to give increased hardness; the viscous Aroclor imparts flexibility. Aroclor 4465 and 5460 produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. The amount of Aroclor used may be from 30 to 50 percent of the weight of the oils. Aroclor 1260 is best for short-oil varnishes that are required to be flexible. The Aroclor plasticizers impart water and alkali resistance and also enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. A sug gested starting formulation is two parts of oil, one part, of Aroclor 1260, and one part of other resin. These proportions can be varied as required. The Aroclor may be considered to play the same role in the varnish formulation as oil, except that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility on exposure. The Aroclor plasticizers do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They are best added as a "chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. The only reason to heat the Aroclor is to fluidize it so that it can be more readily mixed with the oils. Alkyd, phenolic, or ester gum resins, with a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. To illustrate the use of Aroclor plasticizers in alkyd resins the following suggested starting formulation is shown. Ingredients Alkyd (60% Nonvolatile) Kettle Bodied Linseed Oil (Gardner-Holdt Vise. Z-2) Raw Linseed Oil Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Titanium Dioxide (Anatase) Magnesium Silicate Mineral Spirits Drier-Absorption Agent Penyl Mercury Naphthenate (10% Mercury) Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Lead Naphthenate (24% lead) Antiskinning Agent (Volatile type) Parts by Weight 81 20 35 34 34 67 100 38 1.3 2.7 1.5 3.2 0.67 0562233 32 TOWOLDMON0036764 WATER_PCB-00021233 The following suggested starting formulation for a fire-retardant enamel illustrates use of the flame retardancy of an Aroclor in alkvds: Ingredients 38% Phthalic Anhydride-Soya Alkyd Aroclor 5460 Solution (Aroclor 5460, 53; Hi-Flash Naphtha, 22) Whiting Colloidal Grinding and Dispersing Agent Antimony Oxide Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Parts by Weight 63 75 84 2.7 42 33 Grind abo/e ingredients, and thin with: 38% Phthalic Anhydride-Soya Alkyd Tylene Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Manganese Naphthenate (6% manganese) Lead Naphthenate (24% lead) 96 38 1 1 2.3 Aroclor plasticizers are excellent grinding and dispersion media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form that can be incorporated easily into paints and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness, or luster and does not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition does not support combustion. Aroclor is an important ingredient of heat-resistant aluminum paints and enamels that contain silicone resins. For example, the following suggested formulation for a heat-resistant coating can withstand a maximum temperature of 800 F and continuous-service temperature of 400 F. The heat-resistant enamel can withstand temperatures of 900 to 1000 F in such applications as jet-engine components, exhaust manifolds, and incinerators. The heat-resistant paint has excellent resistance t.o a programmed heat test, including 8 hours at 1200 F, and to salt-water spray after programmed heating to 500, 600, and 900 F. 0562239 33 ^ TOWOLDMON0036765 WATER_PCB-00021234 In Waxes 34 "Dow Corning BOS"' Resin {50% Nonvolatile) 6 E Silicone Resin SR-82 (60% in xylene) G E Silicone Resin SR-112 (50% in xylene) Styrene-Butadiene (50% in xylene) {P/iolite S-5B) Aroclor 4465 (90% nonvolatile) 60% Aroclor Solution (Aroclor 4465, 36 wt. %) (Aroclor 1262,24 wt. %) (So/vesso 100, 24 wt. %) (Xylene, 16 wt. %) Aroclor 5460 (60% in xylene) Aroclor 1254 Aluminum Paste (74% nonvolatile) Cobalt Octoate (6% cobalt) Xylene Mineral Spirits a) Meets Spec. TT-P-0028 Heat-Resistant Coating (ib.lWOgat.) 220 - - 332 384 114 - Heat-Resistant Enamel (ib.1100 gal.) ~ 174.2 313.3 - 435.6 250.0 4.4 - - Heat-Resistant Paint1 (Ib.IWO gai.) 93.6 207.9 - 93.6 47.8 240.0 140.8 113.1 The Aroclor plasticizers, especially 5460, are compatible with various natural waxes, and are blended with waxes for many uses, including "lost-wax" casting, impregnating compounds, and inexpensive sealers. Waxes formulated with Aroclor are nontacky and stable. Much of the highest quality precision-casting wax used in the "lostwax" process is formulated with Aroclor, most frequently 5460, 4465, and 1254. Waxes containing Aroclor are widely used in making dental castings, costume jewelry, and precision-cast aircraft parts, Usually from one-fourth to one-half the composition consists of Aroclor 5460, which contributes these desirable properties to the formulation: hardness without brittleness, shrinkage resistance, sharp definition, sharp melting point, fire resistance, low volatility, and volatilization without carbonization during final curing. Excellent impregnating compounds to prevent sticking of furniture drawers, double-hung windows, etc. are made from selected Aroclor plasticizers, such as 5460, and various waxes. Combinations of resinous Aroclor with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for masonry, wood, fiberboard, and paper. Aroclor imparts moisture and gas resistance, adhesion, alkali and chemical resistance, flame resistance, lubricity, and insulation to impregnants for cloth, paper, wood, and asbestos. They are combined with such materials as waxes, asphalt, tars, sulfur, aluminum stearate, and inorganic pigments so as to provide exactly the physical charac teristics required for the specific purpose. Aroclor 1254, 4465, and 5460 are suggested as most applicable. *Tridemarkof DowCornlngCorp. TOWOLDMON0036766 WATER_PCB-00021235 In Asphalt In Allyl Starch Wood is decidedly toughened, hardened, and made more moistureresistant when impregnated by the vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Ingredients Aroclor 4465 Microcrystalline Wax Sulfur Per Cent 70 2D 10 The coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but can be attacked by aliphatic, aromatic, or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The paintable surface is not appreciably discolored. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion are obtained by variations in the proportions of the ingredients. Blends of Aroclor 1268 and 1242 have the unusual capability to extend carnauba wax satisfactorily and at an attractive saving in cost: ingredients Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba Wax Ceresin Wax Paraffin Wax 10 5 5 20 60 Parts by Weight 19.6 30 35 4.9 5 6 6.8 10 30 19.6 20 20 49.0 35 10 35 5 50 10 - Characteristics Color Texture Pale Yellow, White Smooth, hard, non-tacky Softening point, *C Melting point "C 60 78 Pale Yellow Smooth, hard, non-tacky 77 79 Pale Yellow Smooth, hard, slightly brittle 78 78 Pale Cream Slight surface crystallinity 79 86 Cream Smooth; carnauba- ringed surface 80.5 88 Self-extinguishing asphalt formulations for caulking, roof coatings, and sound-deadening coatings are obtained by incorporation of at least 30 percent Aroclor 5460 or other solid, resinous Aroclor. Substitution of the hydroxy hydrogen atoms of the starch molecule by allyl groups produces allyl starch, which upon polymerization forms stable, cross-linked molecules. A minimum of 20 weight-percent plasticizer is required to make the film flexible. The aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible and very efficient plasticizers for allyl starch. 05622M TOWOLDMON0036767 WATER_PCB-00021236 | 36 Miscellaneous Applications Of Aroclor With their wide range of physical properties, their inertness, lubricity, and low vapor pressures -- Aroclor plasticizers are valuable ingredients in an incredible variety of formulated products. They are compatible with many solvents and oils and most resins. They are virtually non volatile and permanently thermoplastic; they do not react with other chemicals in the formulation. Finally, their low cost makes their use for special purposes eminently practical and economical. Dust Prevention And Dust Catching Aroclor 1254 is a low-cost dedusting agent that "holds down" the dusting of a variety of chemical materials. Since Aroclor 1254 resists both oxidation and combustion, it can even be used to control the dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example, a few tenths of a percent controls the dusting of calcium hypochlorite. Since Aroclor is non drying and tacky, it makes excellent coatings to capture dust, lint, and other fine, airborne particles. Glass fiber, metal mesh, and other materials used to filter air and gas streams are coated with Aroclor 1260 and 5460. Vapor Suppression (For Longer Insecticide Kill-Life) Moisture Proofing The effective kill-life of expensive chlorinated insecticides is extended as much as ten-fold by the incorporation of equal parts of Aroclor 5460, which acts both as a vapor suppressant and as a sticking agent. Hard surfaces (painted or metallic) sprayed with lindane or benzene hexachloride fortified with Aroclor 5460 remain toxic to flies, ants, roaches, and silverfish for as long as three months, compared with one week for unfortified sprays. The Aroclor retards the rapid evaporation of the volatile insecticides without adding odor or objectionable residue. Formulation into an insecticide is simple: a solution of the Aroclor in a suitable solvent is merely added and mixed into the other ingredients. Aroclor 5460 is also recommended for noncrop insect formulations containing chlordane, aldrin, and dieldrin. The other resinous Aroclor products (1254, 1260, 1262, 4465, and 5442), also nonvolatile and sticky or tacky, likewise merit evaluation as insecticide extenders. In moisture-proof coatings for wood, paper, concrete, or brick, Aroclor is best combined with waxes, especially paraffin or carnauba; oils such as mineral oil or drying oils; or synthetic resins, including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetobutyrate, benzyl cellulose, or vinyl resins. The material to be used with the Aroclor should be selected according to the end-use requirements of the specific ap plication. Some very simple compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. One very efficient moisture-proofing compound, consisting of 96 weight percent Aroclor 5460 and 4 percent paraffin (melting point 54C), has f t 056Z2W | TOWOLDMON0036768 WATER_PCB-00021237 Pigment Dispersion Sealing And Impregnation an ASTM softening point of about 82C. A similar compound, based on Aroclor 4465, has a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted are further decreased by the use of mixtures of Aroclor. For example, a composition containing 40 percent Aroclor 1260, 56 percent Aroclor 5460, and 4 percent parafiin, is very soft at room temperature. A higher concentration of paraffin also produces softer compounds. An excellent melt coating for paper and cloth, made according to the following suggested formulation, may be applied by knife or roller at 350F, requires no solvent, and provides an extremely flexible coating. Ingredients Half-second Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate Dioctyl Phthalate Aroclor 1260 Santonox antioxidant Percent 50 9.9 40 0.1 Aroclor 4465 is a useful resin in rotogravure and other printing inks. It is an important ingredient in the following mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper: Ingredients Aroclor 4465 Lubricating Oil (SUV 1209 (. 100T) Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 (o, 100F) Carbon Black Oil-Soluble Dye Percent 40 35 20 4 1 Aroclor 4465 is also used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. Bronze powder is spread upon a hot coating of Aroclor on one side of a sheet of paper. When the paper treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is placed on the object to be imprinted and a hot die is pressed against it, the Aroclor softens, sticks the bronze to the object, and coats the powder to prevent tarnishing. Aroclor 1254 and 4465 serve as pigment vehicles for decoration of glass and ceramics. When the decorated object is fired, the Aroclor volatilizes without carbonization and thus avoids discoloration. Aroclor plasticizers are also valuable as grinding and dispersing mediums for pigments used in plastics. The liquid Aroclor plasticizers, 1221 and 1254, because of their low vapor pressures and fire resistance, are excellent sealants. These non evaporating fluids have good flow at slightly elevated temperatures and are chemically stable at elevated temperatures. These liquid Aroclor products therefore are excellent fluid seals wherever the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of annealing furnaces, for example, Aroclor plasticizers are dependable, fire-safe roof sealants. 05622** ' I TOWOLDMON0036769 WATER_PCB-00021238 Because of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength, and low power factor, the liquid and resinous Aroclor plasti cizers are extremely valuable impregnants for many electrical applica tions. One important use of Aroclor 1260, 4465, and 5460 is in wire and cable coatings and as impregnants for braided cotton-asbestos insulation. Their high purity and excellent electrical resistance make Aroclor 1254, 5460, and 1268 excellent dielectric sealants: to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals. Aroclor plasticizers are essential components of coatings for flame proofing cotton drill for outer garments and for rendering olive-drab canvas fire-retardant, water-repellent, and rot-proof for tents, tar paulins, etc., according to the following formulations: Flameproofing Formula for Cotton Drill Ingredients Parts by Weight (A) Urea-formaldehyde resin monomer 9.62 Catalyst for resin 0.40 Water 22.26 (B) Oil-modified alkyd resin Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Stoddard solvent 3.89 12.00 14.40 25.15 (C) Antimony oxide, 300 mesh or finer 12.28 Dissolve the solids in the indicated solvents, add the aqueous solution (A) to the hydrocarbon solution (B) with stirring, and then disperse the antimony oxide in the emulsion. Fire-Retardant, Water-Repellent, Rot-Proof Canvas Coating Ingredients Per Cent Modified phenol-formaldehyde resin 4 Aroclor 1254 16 Aroclor 5460 Antimony Oxide Tricresyi Phosphate 4 8 1.5 Aluminum Stearate 0.5 Copper Naphthenate (8% copper) 8 Mica, ground 3 Limestone, ground 6 Iron Oxide, yellow 7 Chrome Orange 2 V M & P Naphtha 40 f c f 0562244 38 TOWOLDMON0036770 WATER_PCB-00021239 Properties Of The Aroclor Plasticizers II Solubility Numerous applications for the Aroclor plasticizers have been suggested and described in the preceding sections of this bulletin. Their success depends on the general inertness of the compounds and on the range and gradation of their physical properties, including physical state, density, viscosity, melting and boiling points, volatility, and solubility. These and other properties, as well as handling and shipping informa tion, are presented in detail in the remainder of the bulletin. The Aroclor liquids and resins are readily soluble in most common organic solvents and drying oils. Although all Aroclor plasticizers are insoluble in water, the hard, crystalline materials are generally less soluble than the liquids and softer resins. Solubilities of some Aroclor plasticizers are shown in Table 13. 0562 z4** I' I TOWOLDMON0036771 WATER_PCB-00021240  TABLE 13 SOLUBILITIES OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS Solvent Acid Acetic Acid Oleic Acid Benzoic Acid Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde Furfural Amine Aniline Pyridine Arochr 1242 25"C Hot S s 10.03rc s s - Arochr 1248 25" C Hot - 1QQ32'C __ -- -- 11 11 vs vs VS vs ss 132.530c 440"c -- -- Arochr 1254 25"C Hot Ss Ss --- 11 VS vs s 11431'c s 425)0'c Arochr 1268 Cold Hot --~ ---- 11 ss ss -- Chloro derivatives Amyl chlorides -- mixed s S s s S s Carbon Tetrachloride s S s s S s --- Chloroform sS ssSsss Dichlorethylene - -- -- ----- --- Ethylene Dichloride s s s s s s s s Monochlorobenzene s s s s s s --- Orthodichlorobenzene - - - - - -- - -- Tetrachlorethane s s s s s s --- Trichlorethane s s s s s s --- Trichlorethylene s s s s s s -- Drying Oil Tung Oil Linseed Oil S S s s s s -Ss Ssss 1 s Ester Amyl Acetate Ss ssssss Butyl Acetate ss sss sss "Cellosolve"* Acetate S s s s s s --- Cottonseed Oil s s s s s s --- Dibutyl Phthalate Ss ssssss Arochr 4465 Arochr 5460 Cold Hot 25"C SS s S vs -- - -- 11 vs vs -- vs vs vs vs -- vs vs vs vs 156 vs vs - vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs - vs vs - vs vs -- vs vs -- vs vs vs vs -- vs vs - vs VS -- vs vs - s vs - s vs - 9V??9S0 TOWOLDMON0036772 WATER_PCB-00021241 Diethyl Phthalate S S s s s s - - s vs _ Ethyl Acetate S S s s s s SS ss s vs _ Ethyl Lactate S s s s s s 1 s vs vs - Ethylene Glycol Diacetate S s s s s s -- -- vs vs -- Methyl Acetate s s s s s s SS ss s s -- Tricresyl Phosphate s S s s s s -- - ss s - Ether: Ethyl Ether S s s s s s s s s---- Ether Alcohol Carbitol* 2243,t'c 307"*c vs vs 1732GX 2599BX 1 s ss - - Cellosolve S s s s s s 1 s s---- Diethylene Glycol ------------ s -- -- p^'-Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether 16.923c 13"c SS SS g30C igiooc -- -- ss -- - Hydrocarbon Benzene Gasoline Kerosene Mineral Spirits Paraffin Pine Oil Toluene Turpentine Xylene VS VS vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 143 vs vs vs vs vs VS -- -- vs vs - vs vs vs vs vs vs SS s vs vs -- vs vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs -- 2.0275QC s 2#Q28C s -- s -- -- 5.0 s -- s s vs vs s s s s s s -- vs vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 142 vs vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs -- VS vs vs vs vs vs s s vs vs 178 Hydroxy derivatives Amyl Alcohol s s - - s s ss s s s - J7-Butyl Alcohol s s -- -- s s 1 ss ss s -- Ethyl Alcohol (3-A) 23.329c SO.O70^ - - 1027X 2 875X 1 1 ss - - Glycerine 11 1 1 1 1111 1-- Methyl Alcohol 42.529X 88.560X -- - 1526X 22.265X -- - ss -- -- Phenol -- 90% 1943oc s -- -- SS S ss s s s -- Ketone: Acetone S s -- - s s 1 1 s s 260 Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide s s - - s s s s vs vs - Nitrobenzene S s - ~ s s -- - vs - -- Water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- I -- Insoluble SS--Slightly Soluble S --Soluble VS -- Very Soluble. Figures show grams of Aroclor per 100 milliliters of solvent at 25"C unless otherwise indicated. *Trrtwwko< UnionCarbideCon. TOWOLDMON0036773 WATER_PCB-00021242 TABLE 14 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REPRESENTATIVE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS AND RESINS Property Appearance Arodor 1221 Clear, mobile oil Arodor 1232 Clear, mobile oil Arodor 1242 Clear, mobile oil Arodor 1248 Clear, mobile oil Arodor 1254 Light-yellow viscous liquid Color, maximum *100 APHA *100 APHA *100 APHA "100 APHA *10D APHA Chlorine, percent 20.5-21.5 Acidity, mg KOH/g, maximum *0.014 Moisture, ppm, maximum - Ave. Coefficient of Expansion, cc/cc/'C 0.00071 (15*-40*C) Specific Gravity *1,182-1.192 (25/15.5*C) Density, pounds per gallon, 25C 9.85 Distillation Range, C, corrected (ASTM D-20, modified) 275-320 Evaporation Loss, %, 100*C, 6 hours (ASTM D-6, mod.) ie3C, 5 hours 1.0-1.5 flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup), C 141-150 *F 286-302 Fire Point (Cleveland Open Cup), eC 176 *F 349 Poor Point (ASTM E-97), *C 1 (crystals) *F 34 (crystals) Softening Point (ASTM E*28), *C F Retractive Index, n D*20 20C 1.617-1.618 Viscosity, Seconds Saybolt Universal (ASTM D-8B) 100T (37.8'C) 130*F (54.4C) 210'F (98.9*C) *38-41 35-37 30-31 31.5-32.5 *0.014 0.00073 (25*-100C) *1.270-1.280 (25*/15.5*C) 10.55 290-325 1.0-1.5 152-154 305-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 - 1.620-1.622 *44-51 39-41 31-32 42 *0.015 *50 0.00068 (25-65*C) *1.381-1.392 (25715.5'C) 11.50 325-366 0-0.4 3.0-3.6 176-180 348-356 None to boiling point -19 2 - 1.627-1.629 *82-92 49-56 34-35 48 *0.010 *50 0.00070 (25-65'C) *1.405-1.415 (65715.5 *C) 12.04 340-375 0-0.3 3.0-4,0 193-196 379-384 None to boiling point -7 19.4 - 1.630-1.631 185-240 *73-80 36-37 54 *D.010 *50 0.00066 (25-65C) *1.495-1.505 (65715.5C) 12.82 365-390 0-0.2 1,1-1.3 None to boiling point None to boiling point 10 50 - 1.639-1.641 1800-2500 260-340 *44-48 ttonunto 8pcl(kttlont 0 56224)6 | TOWOLDMON0036774 WATER_PCB-00021243 Arodor 1260 Light-yellow, soft, sticky resin *15D APHA 60 *0.014 *50 0.00067 (20*-100`C) *1.555-1.566 190715.6`C) 13.50 385-420 0-0.1 0.5-0.8 None to boiling point None to boiling point 31 68 __ 1.647-1.649 Arodor 1262 Arodor 5442 Light-yellow sticky, viscous resin Clear yellow sticky resin Arodor 4465 Clear, light-yellow, resin *150 APHA 61.5-62.5 *0.014 *2 NPA (molten) 42 *0.05 - 0.00064 (25-65C) - 0.00123 (25"-99C) *1.572-1.583 (80715.5'C) 1.470 (25725'C) 13.72 12.24 390-425 215-300 (4 mm. Hg) 0-0.1 0.5-0.6 0.01 0.2 None to boiling point 247 477 None to boiling point >350 >662 35-38 99 46 115 *46-52 115-126 1.6501-1.6517 - 2 NPA (molten) 65 *0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 (25725*C) 13.91 230-320 (4 mm. Hg) 0-0.02 0.2-0.3 None to boiling point None to boiling point *60-66 140-151 1.664-1.667 Arodor 2565 Arodor 5460 Arodor 1268 Black, opaque. brittle resin Clear, yellow- to-amber. brittle resin or flakes White to off-white powder *2 NPA (molten) '1.5 NPA (molten) 65 58.5-60.6 68 *1.4 *0.05 0.05 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 (25/25*C) 14.44 0.2-0.3 - 0.00179 (25*-124*C) 1.670 (25*/25C) 13.91 280-335 (5 mm. Hg) 0.03 None to boiling point None to boiling point - 0.00067 (20M0OT) 1.B04-1.811 (25725C) 15.09 435-450 0-0.06 0.1-0.2 None to boiling point None to boiling point *66-72 149-162 - *98-105 208-222 1.660-1.665 *150-170 (hold 302-338 point) - 600-850 3200-4500 O60*F;71*C) 90-150 -- -- -- *72-78 *86-100 300-400 (266"F; 130*C) 1----- 3I TOWOLDMON0036775 WATER_PCB-00021244 Density All the Arodor plasticizers are heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. Densities are shown in Figure 2. 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 2B0 320 360 400 440 460 Temperature, C Fig. 2 -- Densities of Aroclor Plasticizers at Various Temperatures Specific Volume The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temperature rn 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Arodor 1248 Spedfic Volume (mllgj 0.674 0.699 0.726 0,755 0.790 0.828 0,870 0562250 | TOWOLDMON0036776 WATER_PCB-00021245 Volatility The low vaporization loss of Aroclor plasticizers is indicated in Table 15. TABLE 15 VAPORIZATION RATES OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS Plasticizer (Surface area: 12.28 sq. cm.) Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Ciorafin'-A2-Z Dioctyl phthalate Dutrex" 25 Aroclor 1254 Shell Dutrex 20 Wt. Loss (g) 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 Exposure at WO'C (hr.) 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 Vaporization Rate (gfsq. cm.lhr.) 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 Q.QQQ126 0.ODO117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 0.0039 0.0026 24 24 0.000013 0.000009 Aroclor 4465 0.0064 72 0.000007 Aroclor 5442 0.0039 72 0.000004 Aroclor 5460 Tricresyl phosphate 0.0032 0.0010 72 24 0.000004 0.000003 It is concluded that the vaporization rates of Aroclor plasticizers -- especially the most widely used 1254 and 1260 -- compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. *TradMMrhel BmcwIm, Inc. "TradNiwknfSMIOlICc. I "I TOWOLDMON0036777 WATER_PCB-00021246 Vapor Pressure The vapor pressures of several Aroclor plasticizers are indicated in Figure 3 over the temperature range 150" to 300"C. Ax 10' T, "K I Temperature, C Fig. 3 -- Vapor Pressures of Aroclor Plasticizers The estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclor plasticizers at 100F shown in the following table were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 3. Approximate Vapor Pressure of Aroclor Plasticizers Estimated at WO* F (37.8* c) Aroclor 1232 0.005 mm. Hg Aroclor 1242 0.001 mm. Hg Aroclor 1248 0.00037 mm. Hg Aroclor 1254 0.00006 mm. Hg 0562252 TOWOLDMON0036778 WATER_PCB-00021247 Viscosity The viscosities of the Aroclor plasticizers vary according to whether the base material is a biphenyl or a polyphenyl and on the degree of chlorination. In general the low-chlorinated biphenyls have the lowest viscosities (Figure 4). Stability Toward Alkalies The Aroclor plasticizers are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids No hydrogen chloride was evolved when Aroclor 1254 was stirred with an equal volume of 10 percent sulfuric acid for 150 hours. Even after prolonged treatment (255 hours) with concentrated sulfuric acid only a slight trace (too small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride was evolved. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclor plasticizers are useful heat-transfer media. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose, because they may be heated up to 315C (600F) in a dosed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition, and because they are nonflammable. Toward Light The Aroclor plasticizers have good light stability in heavily pigmented compounds and fair light stability in clear formulations. The materials become discolored, but their physical properties are not degraded. For critical applications, incorporation of a small amount of a light- 0 bbti** 47 J TOWOLDMON0036779 WATER_PCB-00021248 ,, 48 screening agent greatly improves light stability at reasonable cost. The following data show that as little as 0.01 percent Tinuvin P in Aroelor 1254 nearly doubles the service life in the 50-to-100-hour range and that 0.1 percent Tinuvin P results in a 10-fold improvement. Tinuvin P Concentration (%) Fade-0meter Exposure (hours) 0 so wo m 500 Color (Gardner Units) 0 0 5 10 11 14 0.01 0 1 6 7 14 0.05 0 0 3 4 ii 0.1 0 0 1 2 6 Toward Oxidation When Aroelor plasticizers are heated to 140C with oxygen in a bomb at 250 psi, no evidence of oxidation occurs, as judged by absence of sludge formation or increased acidity. Also, no increase in acidity occurred after 4 hours heating with air at 260C and 210 psi. Nonflammability The viscous Aroelor liquids and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- above 350C. Most of the Aroelor plasticizers flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give products with decreased fire hazard. Aroelor products incorporated in plastic products and rubber foams retard the rate of burning. Nondrying Properties And Thermoplasticity The Aroelor plasticizers are nondrying. When exposed to the air, even in thin films, no notieable oxidation or hardening takes place. Despite this property, Aroelor plasticizers do not retard the drying rate of lacquer films. Quick-drying varnishes and paints may be made with Aroelor resins without affect on drying characteristics. The Aroelor plasticizers are permanently thermoplastic. They appar ently undergo no condensation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear Aroelor resins are available with softening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline solids are available with melting points up to about 160C. Electrical Properties The electrical properties of Aroelor plasticizers are extremely interest ing: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor, as listed in Table 16. The dielectric constants of the various Aroelor plasticizers range from 3.3 to 4.9 at 100C and 1000 cycles. I OS62254 | TOWOLDMON0036780 WATER_PCB-00021249 How To Emulsify Aroclor TABLE 16 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF AROCLOR Volume Dielectric Resistivity Power Constant (ASTM 0-257-46} Dielectric Factor (ASTM O-H0-47T) 500 Volts D.C., Strength (ASTM D-U0-47T) WOO cycles 100'C (ASTM D-149-44) WOO cycles, 100*C Aroclor 25'C 100C (ohm-cm.) m !%) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500 x 10B Above 35 Below 0.1 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500 x 10 Above 35 Below 0.1 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500 x 10 Above 35 Below 0.1 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500 x 10 Above 35 Below 0.1 1268 2.5 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500 x 10 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 Emulsions of Aroclor plasticizers carv be made simply in several ways; the method can be selected to suit the particular Aroclor and the type of formulation in which it will be used. Emtilsii/ebie Concentrated Stock Solutions of Aroclor Stock solutions made according to the following formulation are readily emulsified with water. The amount of toluene may be increased as needed to dissolve the more resinous Aroclor plasticizers. Ingredient Aroclor Toluene Isopropanol Sterox CD (nonionic emulsifier) Santomerse No. 3 (anionic wetting agent) Parts by Weight 79 16.70 3.55 1.00 0.75 Emulsifying Liquid Aroclor Ingredient Portion / Aroclor 1254 Oleic Acid Portion 2 Water Ammonium Hydroxide (2B%) Parts by Weight 100 4 100 2 49 TOWOLDMON0036781 WATER_PCB-00021250 Mix the polystyrene and ammonium hydroxide in warmed water with vigorous agitation. Mix the Aroclor 1254 and oleic acid, heat to 45C, and agitate vigorously. Maintain the 45C temperature and agitation, and slowly add in the aqueous portion (Portion 2). Continue agitation for one-half hour until phase inversion is complete. Emulsifying Viscous Aroclor ingredient Portion 1 Aroclor 1254 Stearic Acid Portion 2 Water Triethanolamine Parts by Weight 64 4 32 1 Heat the Aroclor to a workable viscosity (180F or higher) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water almost to boiling (207F) and stir in the triethanolamine thoroughly. Pour the Aroclor-stearic acid portion into the water-triethanolamine portion with vigorous agitation. Process the combined portions either with a high-speed emulsifying stirrer or through a colloid mill. Toxicity And Safe Handling Inhalation At ordinary temperatures the Aroclor chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented industrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their volatility: the lower-chlorinated, morevolatile ones present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin contact. When Aroclor plasticizers are used at elevated temperatures, engineering controls must be applied, cither by the use of closed systems or by effective local-exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust. Vapor of the liquid Aroclor plasticizers at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined space, and no vapor of any Aroclor evolved at elevated temperatures should be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maximum safe concen tration of vapor is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor plasticizers per cubic meter of air. The threshold limits (maximum allowable concentration for an 8-hour working day) set by the American Conference of Government Hygien ists are 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highly-chlorinated compounds, such as Aroclor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Skin Contact Schwartz patch tests on 200 volunteers showed that Aroclor 1254 was neither a primary skin irritant or a sensitizer. I # 0 so Obbiibb TOWOLDMON0036782 WATER_PCB-00021251 Shipping I^ Continuous or repeated skin contact with the Aroclor plasticizers must be avoided by the use of gloves and protective garments, because of the possible occurrence of a condition called chloracne. Although reports of this condition caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin the skin should be washed in the usual manner with a soap solution. A burn caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary burn. Aroclor plasticizer adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the bum demands it, in which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recommended. Freight Classification Aroclor 1221, 1243, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 Synthetic Resin, Liquid, NOIBN Rail Classification Aroclor 1268, 2565, 4465, 5442, 5460 Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Truck Classification Aroclor 1268, 2565 Aroclor 4465, 5442, 5460 Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI Shipping Regulations None Standard Containers Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 2565, 4465 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 (flaked ) Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiber drum, 25-lb. fiber drum 500-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 100-lb. bag 0562257 I TOWOLDMON0036783 WATER_PCB-00021252 '"jaswr.- `UPWSKs ; DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towats East 3400 Peachtree Rd. N. E. -- Suite 1711 Tel. (404) 577-2260 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) 387-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3158 Des Plaines Ave. Des Plaines, Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44122 3645 WerrensviUe Center Rd Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers East Tel. (313) 357-0910 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96812 205 Pacific International Bldg. 677 Ala Moana Blvd., P. 0. Box 3824 Tel. (808) 512-744 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. Tel. (213) 723-2492 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55402 912 Northstar Canter 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) 339-4651 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue Tel. (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Center Bldg. Room 534 Tel. (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Oxford 4-1000 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette, Santa Clara, Calif. 95052 Tel. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue Tel. (206) Main 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tel. (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike. Fairfax Tel. (302) Olympia 8-6531 MONSANTO, 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD. Additional District Offices are maintained by: Agricultural Division LULING, LOUISIANA 70070 P. 0. Box 174 Tel. (604) 784-6263 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 3311 3 1023 Riverside Drive P.O. Box 13248 Tel. (901) Whitehall 7-3161 Textiles Division AKRON. OHIO 44313 3030 West Market St. Tel. (216) 836-7941 ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30303 Atlanta Merchandise Mart 240 Peachlree Si.. N. W. Tel. (404) 677-2260 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 129 West Trade St. Tel. (704) 376-9871 ENGLEWOOD CLIhRS, N. J. 07631 661 Palisades Ave. Tel, (201) DG8-2151 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 350 Fifth Ave. Tel. (201) 566-6100 Hydrocarbons & Polymers Division-Lion Oil EL DORADO. ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tel. (601) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. 0. Box 10937 Westland Station Tel. (601) 352-3648 LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS 72203 1516 West Seventh St. Tel. (601) Franklin 6-2437 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Riverside Drive P. 0. Box 13248 Tel. (901) Whitehall 7-3151 Organic Chemicals Division (Rubber industry) AKRON. OHIO 44311 920 Brown Street P. O. Box 2307 Tsl. (216) Hemlock 4-1921 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 I f 0562258 ?.?713-0668-6 LITHO IN U.S.A. H *1 TOWOLDMON0036784 WATEFLPCB-00021253 MONSANTO, 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVO., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI'83186 0562259 TOWOLDMON0036785 WATER_PCB-00021254