Document nQXzywvmw6nMXGOMO2VOodk2

STATEMENT FROM: MONSANTO COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. Late in February, 1969, a West Coast newspaper carried a major feature about "a menacing new pollutant" found in the San Francisco Bay area. The article was based on marine life research carried out by Dr. Robert Risebrough of the University of California. The article stated that residues of pesticides (DDT and DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were threatening the welfare of certain birds and posed a long-term threat to humans. Monsanto manufactures polychlorinated biphenyl and markets it under our Aroclor trade name. (There are other manufacturers in Europe and Japan.) We, therefore, would like to present some additional facts. The work done by Dr. Risebrough dates back to earlier research by other scientists who, while analyzing pesticide residues in wildlife, soil and water, encountered unknown or "interfering" substances in the parts-per-million range. -more- MONS 058140 --2 MONSANTO COMPANY Several years ago, two Swedish scientists at Stockholm University's Institution of Analytical Chemistry, Professor Gunnar Widmark and Soren Jensen, reported they had identified these other substances. They said some of the materials were polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB. Since PCBs are not "broadcast" or spread around the land as are pesticides, the scientists theorized that the source must be the industrial wastes of PCB users. In addition to the work of Dr. Risebrough and the Swedish scientists, there have been other studies which Indicate the presence of PCBs in the environment. Monsanto is concerned over the situation and is cooperating fully with these studies. The common uses of commercial PCB would not normally lead to its release into the natural environment. A principal market for PCB is in electrical applications where they are used as Insulating fluids for transformers and capacitors. In this use, the chemical is completely sealed in metal containers. Another market is for heat-transfer applications, where the PCB fluid functions ' /' >,v in a closed system. -- -more- HONS 058141 3 MONSANTO COMPANY PCBs are also used In several applications where the chemical is incorporated into a polymer as an integral part of the solid material. Such polymers are used in highly specialized applications as an adhesive, elastomer or surface coating. Polychlorinated biphenyls are not sprayed or dusted on crops, woodlands or any other areas, as are pesticides. To our knowledge, they are not used in tires, house paints, __ household products,(apesty^Wartngror major vinyl plastics, as has been charged. '"'s . iu . ^--~--------- S* Therefore, conclusions as to the source of PCB^J found in the environment are difficult to make. S^rne qualified [ scientists, using the latest laboratory equipment, have correctly identified the substances as. being PCB. However\most scientists are not yet willing to indict commercially produced PCB as a pollutant. It has also been implied that polychlorinated biphenyls are "highly toxic" chemicals. This is not true. Just like other Industrial.chemicals and home products now in widespread use, PCBs hazardous when properly handled and used. During more years of U.S. production and use, cases of any toxic effect have been extremely rare -- and then only where the simple precautions recommended for use were not followed. -more- MONS 058142 4 MONSANTO COMPANY Monsanto has research programs under way to identify the compounds, reported to be PCB, and locate their source. The programs involve precise analysis of environmental samples of water and soil. Also under way are studies to determine the ^ biological effects of deliberate dosage of PCBs on fish^ and mamnalian animals. Special emphasis is being paid to endocrinological effects, mineral metabolism and reproduction physiology. Some preliminary biodegradibility studies are under way. Further studies to clearly demonstrate this phenomenon are contemplated. ' Very early results of chronic toxicity" studies confirm that PCBs are not highly toxic. In 90-day studies on rats and other normal laboratory species, there have been no adverse effects when feedings of up to 100 parts-per-million were administered. Monsanto has always Cooperated on a regular basis with federal, state and university laboratories in their analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. We will continue to do so. Additionally, Monsanto will continue to exercise the highest degree of control in its manufacturing, shipping and storing of PCB -- as we do with all products. In the functional fluids market, we have carried out a program for several years for the reclamation of used PCBs to reuse these valuable materials. HONS 0581*3 ' --5 MONSANTO COMPANY The source of the marine life residue identified as PCB is not yet known. It will take extensive research on a worldwide basis, to confirm or deny these initial scientific conclusions. D IV/b -0O0- ) y S' HONS 058144 --3 MONSANTO COMPANY PCBs are also used In several applications where the chemical is incorporated into a polymer as an integral part of the solid material. Such polymers are used in highly specialized applications as an adhesive, elastomer or surface coating. Polychlorinated biphenyls are not sprayed or dusted on crops, woodlands or any other areas, as are pesticides. To our knowledge, they are not used in tires, house paints, household products, epoxy resins or major vinyl plastics, as has been charged. Therefore, conclusions as to the source of PCB found in the environment are difficult to make. Some qualified scientists, using the latest laboratory equipment, have correctly identified the substances as being PCB. However, most scientists are not yet willing to indict commercially produced PCB as a pollutant. It has also been implied that polychlorinated biphenyls are "highly toxic" chemicals. This is not true. Just like other industrial chemicals and home products now in widespread use, PCBS are not hazardous when properly handled and used. During more than 30 years of U.S. production and use, cases of any toxic effect have been extremely rare -- and then only where the simple precautions recommended for use were not followed. -more- HONS 058145