Document nNmNmY44GJojme3v7eaL164p6

N49788 i >- ' trf. -,V '!V A .V'. - > V4 : 'A Mkm MINER 19 6 Volume I of Fo METALS AND (Except F Prepared by staff of the Lead By Donald E. Mou Contents Page Legislation and Government pro grams_______ __________ _________ 701 Domestic production703 Mine703 Smelter and refinery produc tion708 Consumption and uses713 Lead pigments715 Stocks 718 Prices______________________________ 719 Foreig World N So Eu A Af O Techno NDUSTRIAL requirements for lead in I from all sources and resulted in a sign producer stocks and a rising metal price and primary refinery output were disru the labor closure of the largest domesti quarter of the year, domestic output of rec 7 percent to 253,400 tons and product antimonial lead increased 6 percent to secondary lead from scrap materials wa level but the other major source of lead sumption,' declined about 15 percent to of lead increased 5 percent to 1,163,400 to in gasoline antiknock additivies and s refined lead at producers' plants decline and stocks of primary lead in all categ during the year while consumer stocks inc tons, last exceeded in 1959. The price o increased in the second half of the year cents to 12.50 cents on November 21. LEGISLATION AND GOVERN Import quotas on lead ores and metal continued m effect. The quota, subd for specified countries were filled for lead while lead metal quotas were filled ex - - - - - - -The U.S. Tariff Commission submitted i Commodity specialist. Division of Minerals. 702 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 and related developments in the lead-zinc industry to the President on October 1 in accordance with Executive Order 10401, establishing the quotas. The Commission concluded that conditions had not changed sufficiently to warrant, at that time, a formal investigation directed toward revision of the quotas. Legislation was introduced in Congress proposing establishment of a flexible import quota system for lead and zinc and was still pending at yearend. Th<? Government did not acquire lead for the stockpile during the year. A small tonnage of lead in the Defense Production Act stockpile was released for use by Government agencies during the year, thereby reducing total inventory to 1,378,000 tons. The Office of Emergency Planning devoted major attention to two major stockpile programs during the year--the development of disposal procedures for surplus materials and the development of new stockpile objectives. In relation to supply-requirements for conventional war, the stockpile objective for lead was established at zero on June 17. Legislation was introduced in Congress in October to revise procedures for disposal of surplus material by the Government and was still awaiting action at yearend. The small mines stabilization program, authorized by Public Law 87-374 enacted in October 1961, applied to eligible production during the year. As of December 31, 1963, a total of 125 applications from small mines in 13 States has been received of which 98 were certified as eligible and 5 were being reviewed. In 1963 a total of 6,529 tons of lead qualified under provision of the act for stabilization payments amounting to $356,916. Government participation in exploration projects for lead and zinc under the program of the Office of Minerals Exploration (OME) was withdrawn at the end of June 1902. Five projects approvod prior to this action were active during 1963 and one of these projects, United Park City mine, was completed and certified as a discovery. The International Lead and Zinc Study Group held its seventh session in Geneva, Switzerland, from October 28 to November 7. The Government of Austria was admitted to membership and the Group now has 26 governments participating. The Group concluded that new supplies of lead were then in reasonable balance with con sumption but the rising trend in lead consumption, estimated at 2.8 million tons in 1963 and expected to rise in 1964, could result in a supply shortfall in 1964. A Special Working Group, which met in Geneva in March, examined and reported to the Study Group on the various aspects of intergovernment arrangements for lead and zinc and it was decided to continue study in this area. LEAD TABLE 1.--Salient lead s 1054-38 (average) 1959 United States: Production: Domestic ores, recoverable lead content..short tons.. Value............thousands.. Primary lead (refined): From domestlo ores and base bullion short tons.. From foreign ores and base bullion short tons.. Aotlmonlal lead (primary lead content)..short tons.. Secondary lead (lead con* tent) --...........short tons.. Imports, general: Lead in ores and matte short tons.. Lead In base bullion...do___ Lead In pigs, bars, and old short tons.. Exports of refined pig lead.do___ 8tocks December 31 (lead con tent): At primary smelters and re fineriesshort tons.. At consumer plants...do___ Consumption of metal, primary and secondary........short tons.. Price: New York, common load, average, cents per pound.......... World: Production: Mine........................................ Smelter................................... . Trice: London, common lead, average, cents per pound.......... 324,373 301,906 321,870 180,603 15,471 476,140 187.054 123 311,715 2,265 140,346 123,661 1,128,347 14.39 2, 484,000 2,380,000 11.00 256,586 $58,786 226,270 115,661 12,402 461,387 138,834 80 271,695 2,756 171,070 126,490 1,091,149 12.21 2.570.000 2.410.000 8.88 1, 2. 2. 1 Rovlsed figure, DOMESTIC PRODUC MINE PRODUCTIO The domestic output of 253,400 tons sented an increase of 7 percent over the at the Missouri mines of St. Joseph Lead 27, 1962, was not ended until April 1, 1 of the strike and reopening of the St. Jos during the last 8 months of the year was annual production of 284,000 tons. Missouri regained the position of t State with 79,800 tons followed by. Idah tons; and Colorado 19,900 tons. Thes 220,500 tons, or 87 percent of the U.S. to tons represented the output of 15 States. 704 PCACCn T MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 ri i UniN d Sloles percent of world product on 'refined, domestic ore) THOUSAND SHORT TONS 192 1929 1932 1935 1939 1941 1944 1947 1930 1953 1956 1959 1962 1963 Fig u r e 1.--Trends in the lead industry in the United States, 1926-63. Con sumption includes primary refined, antimonial, and secondary lead, and lead in pigments made directly from ore. Imports are factored to include 95 percent of lead content or ores, mattes, and concentrates and 100 percent of pigs, bars, base bullion, and scrap. TABLE 2.--Mine production of recoverable lead in the United States, by States (Short toDs) State 1954-68 1959 1960 1961 1962 1063 (average) Arizona..................................... California................................. Colorado................................... Idaho......................................... Illinois....................................... Kansas...................................... Kentucky................................. Missouri.................................... Montana................................... Nevada............. ....................... New Mexico................. ........... New York................................ Oklahoma................................. Utah.......................................... Virginia.................................... Washington.............................. Wisconsin................................. Other States............................. Total............................... 10,906 4,700 17. 720 64, 605 3, 238 4,644 247 122.783 14,446 4,609 3. 327 1,216 6 10,311 45. Ofil 3.280 10. 738 1,008 8 324, 373 9,990 38 227 12, 007 62, 396 2, 670 481 4U0 105,105 7, 072 1, 367 829 481 001 30, 030 2. 770 10,310 745 255, 680 8, 496 440 18.080 42, 007 3, 000 781 658 111,048 4,879 987 1,990 775 424 030 39, 398 2,152 7,725 1,105 23 246,069 6,937 103 17,765 71,478 3, 430 1,449 656 08,785 2, 643 1.701 2, 332 870 318 680 40. 894 3. 733 8,053 680 27 261,921 6, 906 466 17,411 84, 058 3,610 970 743 60,082 6. 121 771 1, 134 1,063 219 2,710 38,199 4, 059 6, 033 1,304 68 230, 950 6,816 823 19,918 76, 759 2,901 1,027 831 79,844 6,000 1,126 1,014 1.009 62 3,192 45, 028 3.500 5. 374 1,116 30 263,369 LEAD Improvement in the market for lead, z resulted in expansion of activity in explo lead deposits, as well as rehabilitation o of current production facilities. Produc this activity will not be forthcoming until activity is, however, reflected in the fol The new lead belt in southeast Misso major lead exploration attention in th major companies were actively engaged ment in this area during the year and th appears to be a belt some 50 miles long through Washington, Iron, Reynolds, an ing 19G3 the St. Joseph Lead Co. centra mines in the old lead belt under the production shaft was bottomed at the installation of production facilities. The concentrator was increased to 7,000 tons tion of the new Fletcher plant located in th County began on June 27 with a planne ore per day and initial production expect The 25 leading lead-producing mines the total domestic mine production; th 77 percent and the 4 largest units 53 perc Production of lead by Idaho mines dec the production came from the Coeur d'Al output by the Bunker Hill and Lucky Fr Star (Star unit area) and Page mines. development in the Coeur d'Alene area, and progress was made in expanding ore Co. continued driving a crosscut from the with the 3100 level oi the Crescent mine a development work in the Star-Morning a Friday Silver-Lead Mines Co. extended Friday mine to the 3250 level and began Jutila property. Mines situated in Utah reported out percent increase compared with 1962. T significant producers: United States and ing, Refining & Mining Co. (USSR & mines (United Park City Mines Co.), Ma and Ophir (USSR & M Co.). Kenn sinking a 1,500-foot production shaft in Tintic district and shipped developme Smelting & Refining Co. lead smelter at T by USSR & M Co. from the United State Butterfield mine of Kennecott was exten deepened the Mammoth mine shaft in pleted a crosscut to an ore shoot previou __________ 1 St. Joseph Lead Co. Annual Report. 1063, p. 12. 706 a t=>. xi o 'd A a *3 W t-q m Lead ore Gross weight J Copper-lead, copper- zinc, and copper-lead- A ll other sources > ! Total MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 [ Zinc I 25,410- 1....... 823 1 101 19.918 48,109 75. 759 163,267 2.901 120.337 1,027 3,508 831 i 1.461 79.844 321 5,000 32,941 1,126 571 l. 014 12,938 3,192 13,245 95.847 36.179 22.270 15.114 32.738 53,495 13 27.389 23.983 3 235, 206 2,049.671 1 Gross weight $ in in s QQ .3 U) iiiONoo r<h*t<- ii ogi i eto^ 1 IO lO ,, og oM CCtoOB acs --rr-.QQc^kO'Qooc-'ooo-eC' obnbeiO>ONH('ICOCOO>AC:lh S-- 5WO Oi CB a6H>oomsn>.ienoi'-<oov c-oH V cWO>3) s' X n o>h** V o .9 8 N 4 to > goo5oo < 1 IO t ! a> * M 1 1ii1 C* I1 il i1 c*3 1 3 a 2,432 9.548 3,105 5,636 318 232 4 1 sM 3 3 :3 | ii ii ii dto i iiiCpl oo o> 8.291,764 1,468 13.313,213 . 1,017 1 7,216,308 1 63 i 4.510 25, 590 412,708 400.283 25,899,785 Gross weight 3 l ehp. ' N S 3 to ro- ICoO J1 oo V R u B 8 NN I!!1 !I !I!'nS-r ONi 1> i i 1 ' > a i a 800 C*9 3s 8 ii i : is i MiM a rTTT-. < s 38 ; to 3 1 zinc ores Gross weight 1................ 690*10? | o BN sM to 3<Loo. 0a ao sIO? *n 383 95 1 8,473 32,345 53,437 56.004 298 1.829 1 L 027 3,508 ' fci^rs IiNW'-i > <> O :SS ; ; V is?; I'OIOXA^tOat- is 1 H pi in ii i it n ii |!| ii i is : So ii n i< ?j 1 154 112 21 190,764 3 ONNOp i s SSS3S '. i m '#* S ro 1 03 o' 8 "31SS i 2? So S | in j (32.738 I 10,232 -- _ 1.150.739 Gross weight 1 1 Zinc ore .9 !- ( ) () 8.960 m issTs05sP3EM I: li: iIC><*' ef ad tO-Of i 1 w* O *f i 82 1 i S" 1 S 3TaJ -** i i 3,185 56 944 1,216 s o R to Gross weight S i h- ! ixont-m- otoo^rooooroc-oi. ii i i' *crs CO wwCw ' : ni i 5 S is i3 to 2 11 1,627 .N3 Mro 3 ^ ii :2 : Ta3 0r3- (n-*O* aVo --eI.^i iI CO OO to I S8* I ! 3 c> ot-> I1 OO eJ 3.450.063 j101. 544 e pP>i io e*3 !ii ei cf V9H)aMu j ClmO)kO rr :3 i riOfo)l ei !iI eo i en-3 S-> 1 > 2 O <d 3 S,'98-sLiO'S9 3e2^ jaigo'ahS^5u ' "^>,cct.2,m. *" ?L-L<f!=lUi 0o52asc,MSWa2^)dS2tZ2>^,05^hP,S&3:'^r 2^;242>o3St'>",to5r i Lead and zinc recovered from other ores (copper, gold, silver,etc.) and from rail) slags, tailings, and damps, s Combined w ith lead-zinc ore to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. LEAD TABLE 4.--Mine production of recoverable lead (Short tons) January... February. March___ April____ May......... June......... July......... 1962 1963 22, 726 21.994 23,675 23,943 24,984 23,956 21,179 16,476 13,180 14,772 20,786 24,083 22,322 23,699 Augus Septem Octobe Novem Decem T TABLE.--Twenty-five leading lead-producing 1963, in order of o Rank Mine District or region State Foderal.. Bunker UU1. Viburnum... United States it Dark. Southeastern Mtssourl. Coeur d'Alene... Southeastern Missouri. West Mountain (Bingham). Missouri. Lucky Friday__ Coeur d'Alene... Star-Morning Unit.* Coeur d'Alene... Idarado Indian Creek....... Page...................... Upper San Miguel. Southeastern Mtssourl. Coeur d'Alene__ Colorado...... Missouri...... Idaho______ United Park City, Blue Ledge...... Utah............ Iron King.............. Big Bug............. Arizona.... Pend Oreille......... Metallne.. Washington Mayflower Unit... Blue Ledge...... Utah_______ Austinvllle it Austinvllle..____ Virginia. Ivanhoe Mines. is Eagle...................... Red Cliff (Battle Colorado.. Mountain). Badger State. Summit Valley... Montana.. Suonyslde___ Eureka................ Colorado.. IB Opblr Unit.. Ophir.. Utah.... Tlntlc.................... Tlntlc................ Utah.... Deardorft Croup. Emperlus............. Balmat.................. Three KJds.. Kearney___ Upper Missis sippi Valley. Creede.............. 8t. Lawrence County. Las Vegas......... Central............ Illinois.. Colorado___ New York__ Nevada... New Mexico 26 Keystone.. Elk Mountain... Colorado.. Output of lead from mines in Colora percent increase. Activity increased at the mineral area. Major production wa operated by The New Jersey Zinc Co Telluride, operated by Idarado Mining 708 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 106 3 continued activity at tlie Suunyside and Shenandoah mines at Silverton. Consolidated Parnett Co. continued operations at the Wellington mine and concentrator at Breckenridge. The Emperius mine at Creede was reopened, and the Keystone mine at Crested Butte resumed operations. Humphreys Engineering Co. operated the Cascade mine in Clear Creek County. Lead production of Washington again declined to 5,400 tons. The Metalino district was the main producing area with mines operated by Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co. and American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co. Production from the Grandview mine and adjoining Mineral Rights property was substantially reduced in order to augment under ground development. Arizona production declined to 5,800 tons. The principal producer continued to be the Iron Kiri<r mine of Shattuck Denn Mining Corp. Nash & McFarland increased output from the Flux mine in Santa Cruz County. Montana production decreased to 5,000 tons. The reduction was due, in part, to decreases in production at the Badger mine at Butte and to decreases in lead recovered as a byproduct of manganese opera tions in Philipsburg, slag fuming at East Helena, and other small dump reprocessing operations. The Hanover mine in Now Mexico was reopened in October by The Now Jorsey Zinc Co., and the Kearney mine was a major producer in the State. Production from the Kansas-Oklahoma area of the Tri-State district, processed principally at the Central Mill operated by The Eagle-Picher Co., increased about 15 percent. The Illinois-Wisconsin area output decreased from 5,000 tons to 4,000 tons. A fire at the Shullsburg mine operated by The Eagle-Picher Co., necessitated suspension of operations until July when mill rebuilding and a new incline shaft were completed. Eagle-Picher also opened the Booty-Thompson mine in April and trucked the ore to the Graham mill near Galena, 111. American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co. operated t.ho Hancock-Winskcll and the Thompson-Tempcrly mines with the ore treated in the Vinegar Hill mills near Shullsburg, Wis. The Ivey Construction Co. operated a mine at Linden, Wis., under lease from The Eagle-Picher Co., and the Grimes Mining Co. began production from a mino and mill on the Burushaw property. Nevada increased production although byproduct lead from the Three Kids manganese operation was terminated in 1902. California output was almost double that achieved in 1962. Lead produced as a byproduct of predominately zinc ore in Ken tucky, New York, North Carolina, and Virginia was some 11 per cent below the 1962 output. SMELTER AND REFINERY PRODUCTION Refined lead was produced in the United States at primary refineries that processed ore and concentrate, base bullion, and small quantities of scrap as well as at secondary smelters that process scrap almost exclusively. The lead was derived from three principal sources-- domestic mine production, imports of foreign ore and base bullion, and scrap materials. Refined lead and antimonial lead were produced LEAD at both primary and secondary plants. Th prise the domestic primary lead productio Smelters: American Smelting and Refining Co. East Helena, Mont. El Paso, Tex. International Smelting & Refining Co. Tooele, Utah Smelter-refineries: American Smelting and Refining Co. Selby, Calif. Perth Ambov, N.J. The Bunker Hill Co. Kellogg, Idaho St. Joseph Lead Co. Herculaneum, Mo. The Eagle-Picher Co. Galena, Kans. Refineries: United States Smelting Lead Refinery, Ino. East Chicago, Ina. American Smelting & Refining Co. Omaha, Nebr. Major secondary smelting firms that repor are as follows: American Smelting & Refining Co. (including Fede Los Angeles, San Francisoo, and Selby, Calif. Whiting, Ind. . Omaha, Nebr. Newark and Perth Amboy, N.J. Houston, Tex. Bers & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. The Bunker Hill Co., Seattle, Wash. Continental Smelting & Refining Co MoCook, II Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia, Pa. General Battery & Ccrnmic Corp., Reading, Pa. Goldsmith Bros. Division of National Lead Go., C Gopher Smelting & Refining Co., St. Paul, Minn. Gulf Coast Lead Co.. Tampa, Fla. Imperial Type Metals Co., plants: Chicagd, 111,, Industrial Metal Melting Co., Inc., Baltimore, M Inland Metals Refining Co., Chicago, 111. Nassau Smelting & Refining Co., Inc., Tottenville National Lead Co. (including Magnus Metal Div Inc., and Master Metals, Inc.), plants: Los Angeles, Calif. Atlanta, Ga. . Chicago and Granite City, 111. Indianapolis, Ind. Topeka, Kans. Baltimore, Md. St. Louis Park, Minn. St. Louis, Mo. Fremont, Nebr. Perth Amboy, N.J. Depew, N.Y. Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio Portland, Oreg. Pittsburgh, Pa. Dallas and Houston, Tex. 710 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 National Metal & Smelting Co., Fort Worth, Tex. North American Smelting Co., Wilmington, Del. Price Batter}' Corp., Humbug, Pa. Revere Smelting & Refining Co., Newark, N.J. Schuylkill Products Co., Baton Houge, La. Southeaatern Lead Co., Tampa, Fla. Southern Lead Co., Dallas, Tex. United Stntos Smelting Lead Refinery, Inc., East Chicago, Ind. Hyman Viencr A Sons, Richmond, Va. Western Lead Products Co., City of Industry, Calif. Winston Lead Smelting Co., Winston-Salem, N.C. Refined Lead, Primary and Secondary.--Production of refined lead in the United States produced from all sources--primary, secondary, and remelt--amounted to 529,300 tons compared with 494,500 tons in 1962. Primary refineries produced 394,700 tons from primary sources of which domestic ores supplied 61 percent and 3,800 tons were from secondary materials. Secondary plants produced 130,800 tons from processed secondary materials. Remelt lead from all sources totaled 25,600 tons for the year. Antimonial Lead, Primary and Secondary.--The lead content of antimonial lead produced in the United States totaled 276,300 tons. Of this total, 237,100 tons, or 86 percent, came from secondary plants and the remaining 39,200 tons from primary plants. Scrap was the source of 20 percent, domestic ore 42 percent, and foreign ores 38 percent of the primary smelter output. Raw Material Source.--Primary lead materials smelted in primary plants provided 394,700 tons of refined lead and 31,500 tons of lead in antimonial lead. Domestic sources contributed 60 percent of the total and foreign sources the remaining 40 percent. Secondary lead recovered from scrap amounted to 493,500 tons. Of this, 134,500 tons was in the form of refined and remelt soft lead; 244,800 tons in antimonial lead; and 114,200 tons in other alloys. New scrap, primarily drosses from scrap smelting, contributed 13 percent of the lead, and old scrap, predominantly battery plates, furnished 87 percent. TABLE 6.--Refined lead produced at primary refineries in the United States, by source material (Short tons) 1054-68 1969 I960 1901 1962 1003 (average) ReOned lead: From primary sources: Domestic ores and base bullion... Foreign ores and beso bullion....... 321,870 180,603 602, 373 From secondary sources....................... 3. 7R3 Calculated value of primary refined lead 600,136 $0. 141 $141,669 225, 270 115,661 340,031 1,194 342, 125 $0.116 $78,414 228,890 163,637 382,436 4,776 387,212 $0.117 $89, 490 288,078 161,487 449,665 1,569 451.134 $0.103 $92,610 245, G45 130,418 376.003 1,842 377,905 $0.003 $69,948 230,660 155,072 394,732 3,741 308,473 $0.108 $86,262 .` Excludes value o! refined lead produced from scrap at primary refineries. LEAD TABLE 7.--Antimonial lead produced at primar States Year Produc tion (abort tons) Anltlmony content Short tons Percent 1964-68 (average)......................... 1959............................................... 1900............................................... 1901............................................... 1902............................................... 1963............................................... ----- ' 61,765 37, 487 30,230 35,080 33, 326 41,077 3,258 1,924 1, 675 1,804 2.249 1,890 6.3 6.1 6.2 5.4 6.7 4.6 TABLE 8.--Stocks and consumption of new an States in 1963 (8hort ions, gross weigh Class of consumers and type of scrap Stocks Jan.1> Receipts Smelters and refiners: . Soft lead............................ Hard lead.......................... Cable lead............ -.......... Dattcry-lcad plates_____ Mixed common babbitt.. Solder and tinny lead___ Typo metals..................... Drosses and residues..... Total. Foundries and other manufacturers: 8oft lead.......................................... Hard lead....................................... Cable lead..................................... Battery-lead plates................. ir... Mixed common babbitt................ Solder and tinny lead................... Type metals.................................. Drosses and residues..................... Total.. Qrand total: Soft lead............................ Hard lead......................... Cable lead........................ Battery-lead plates......... Mixed common bobbltt.. Solder and tinny lead___ Type metals..................... Drosses and residues....... Grand total.. 1 Revised figures. 3,218 1,265 1,133 23,377 233 290 1,069 14, 646 46,130 63, 249 16,868 27,313 419,373 3,312 9,027 26,026 92,448 646,603 122 326 296 147 31 28 21 3 127 13,930 41 276 201 14,707 3,340 1,660 1,164 23,398 360 331 1,069 14,746 46,968 63,676 16,006 27,339 419,378 17,242 9,802 26.025 92,446 661,310 712 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 TABLE 9.--Secondary metal recovered 1 from lead and tin scrap in the United States in 1963, by type of products (Short tons, gross weight) Lead Tin Antimony Other Total 108,890 25,039 134,529 Total .................................................. Lend and tin alloys: 244,797 19,792 64 25,061 29. 554 10, 602 1,454 337,924 472,453 3,018 410 8,428 353 988 249 6,427 1,676 8 608 9,309 803 13,640 14,874 1,752 26 392 3, 684 155 21 20,803 20,803 1 Most of the figures herein represent actual reported recovery of metal from scrap. 223 42 10 17 10 31 333 333 i 108,890 25,639 134,629 3,018 410 3,428 200,247 22,674 348 31.497 34.824 16.765 2,114 368,369 603 607.129 TABLE 10.--Secondary lead recovered in the United States (Short tons) 1954-58 1059 I960 1061 1062 1963 (average) As metal: In antlmonlal lend: In other alloys.............................................. Orand total: 3. 703 121,100 124, 869 43,026 180,420 232, 446 118,834 470, 140 $134, 880 I. 101 124,185 125,370 23, 161 181, 185 204,340 121,602 451.387 $103,819 4. 770 143,443 148,210 20. 270 170, 217 205. 487 116,107 469,003 $109,057 1. 569 130,100 140. 669 8, 220 197,319 205. 509 106, 654 452, 792 $93, 275 1.842 110,620 118,408 3, 003 225, 600 229. 302 06.342 444.202 $82,622 3, 741 130.788 134, 629 7. 072 237, 125 244, 797 114.145 493, 471 $106, 590 LEAD TABLE 11.--Lead recovered from scrap process of scrap and form of re (Short tons) Kind of scrap 1962 1963 Fo New scrap: Lead-base.............. . Copper-base............ Tin-base................. Total................... . Old scrap: Dotlcry-lcad plates All other loati-baso. Copper-base........... Tin-base................. Total................... Grand total........ 44,803 6,686 629 60,918 252,603 124, 277 10,409 6 393,284 444,202 69,577 6,094 611 60,282 272,412 136,844 18,928 6 427,189 493, 471 As soft l At p At o To In antlm In other In coppe In tin-ba To G > Includes 3,693 tons of load rcoovcrod In antlmonlal load fro 1902 and 7,672 tons In 1903. CONSUMPTION AN Lead consumption in the United S January 1963 compared with Decembe month of August was consistently above 1962. Total consumption of 1,163,400 t previous year and was last exceeded in lead was 740,200 tons, a moderate increa however, increased substantially with from 295,800 tons in 1962 to the 314,4 Lead in alloys, copper-base scrap and tha end products all advanced in relation to 1 tons of smelter processed lead consume eluding that used directly in end produ percent; lead in antimonial lead, 28 perce and lead in copper-base scrap, 2 percent lead was widespread throughout the Un New Jersey, Illinois, California, India 100,000 tons, represented 46 percent of Metal products accounted for 835,90 percent. Increased use was shown for and type metal. The downward trend in but type metal continued to decline as a showing a recovery in 1962, again decline stantial decrease of consumption in whi litharge. Gasoline antiknock additives a record for this use at 192,800 tons of le duct uses of lead, storage batteries and g represent 54 percent of the total lead The Association of Battery Manufac ments of 31,840,000 units of replacemen shipments of 41,128,400 units, including almost 6 percent and, in relation to repla 747-140--64- 46 714 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 TABLE 12.--Lead consumption in the United States, by products (Short tons) Product 1962 1903 Product 1002 1063 Metal products: Foil '................................. Pipes, traps, and bends... 8torage batteries'. Battery grids, posts, 47,779 16, 472 20,607 66,676 72,648 7,355 11,972 3,720 19,819 28.510 66,873 217.625 202,381 1,402 26,700 800, 529 Pigments: Red lead and litharge....... 11,091 76,325 49,894 21,713 21,943 67, 707 76,308 7,856 14,832 3.952 20,100 20, 495 67,945 Pigments--Continued Ohemtcals: Gasoline antiknock add!Miscellaneous chemicals.. 11,660 3.892 102,0G8 168.926 2,715 171,641 11,767 7,813 99,075 192,811 632 193,443 222,286 216, 795 1,983 26,069 835,878 Miscellaneous uses: Weights and ballast......... 5,300 1,146 236 10, 330 17,018 17,479 4,847 1,631 220 12, 207 18, 905 16,057 8, 846 70,649 1,109,635 1,163,358 iIncludes lead content of leaded zinc oxide and other pigments and chemicals, tIncludes lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products. TABLE 13.--Lead consumption in the United States, by months (Short tons) Month . June.......................................... 1962 98,828 88,415 91,040 86, 659 94,685 89,988 79,567 1903 Month 1962 1963 100, 789 96,023 92,606 95, 340 98,264 94,024 85,648 November................................ December................................. 90,393 91,122 105,145 96,293 01,600 Total ............................. 1, 109,635 93,833 94, 587 111,149 101,723 99,372 1,163,358 i Includes lend content of leaded line oxide and other pigments and lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products. TABLE 14.--Lead consumption in the United States in 1963, by class of products and types of material (Short tons) Product Lead in Lead In Soft lead antlmoalal alloys lead Lead In copperhose scrap Total Metal products.......................................... . 6torage batteries............................................ Miscellaneous........... .................................... Unclassified................................................... Total.................... ............................... 200.311 220. 860 94,912 163, 443 10.916 13, 719 740,160 80. 534 218, 214 178 7,087 1, 625 314, 438 47, 368 7 3 665 47,943 10,451 16, 451 350, 004 430,081 95, 090 193.443 18, 905 15,809 11,118, 992 I Excludes 40,381 tons of lead that went directly from scrap to fabricated products and 3,085 tons of lead contained In leaded line oxide and other pigments and chemicals. LEAD California.................................. .......... Colorado........... ................................... Couuectlcut......... ............... ................ District of Columbia.......................... Florida.................................................. Ooorgla................................................. Illinois................................................... Indiana................................................. Kansas........... .......... .......... ................. Kentucky........... __.............................. Maryland........... ...... .......................... Massachusetts..................................... Michigan............................................. Missouri........ ...................................... Nebraska................... .......................... New Jersey........................................ New York............ ......................... ...... Ohio...................................................... Pennsylvania_____ _______________ Rhode Island...................... ............... Tennessee........................................... Virginia................................................ Washington..................................... . West Virginia................ ..................... Wisconsin........................................... Alabama and Mississippi.............. . Arkansas and Oklahoma.................... Hawaii and Oregon.......... ................. Iowa and Minnesota........ ;................ Louisiana and Texas........................ Montana and Idaho______________ _ New Hampshire, Maine, Delaware.. North and South Carolina...______ Utah, Nevada, Arizona..................... Total........................................... 81,207 1,600 12, 446 107 4,347 ' 31,692 71,483 62, 668 0,710 2,888 6,766 6,697 16,116 34,069 6,439 134,668 32,689 12,634 48, 483 1,638 218 2. 605 6,925 15,731 767 663 4,038 642 1,946 112,605 12,376 6,393 222 122 740,160 i Excludes 40,381 tons of lead which went directly from scrap contained in leaded zinc oxide and other noospecLned pigment LEAD PIGMEN Production of lead pigments, consume ber, and battery.manufacturers increase of lead content. All of the white lead, as 175,000 tons of black oxide (battery refined pig lead and, combined, represe used for the manufacture of lead oxide was the lead content of ore used to prod duction of basic lead is not published an litharge, is included with lit.hhaflr.rgfme. Consumption and Uses, White Lead again declined, both dry and in oil, with 800 tons less than the 1962 shipments istering most of the consumption decrea the ceramic industry consumed 1 pe Chemicals, greases, plasticizers, and stab Basic Lead Sulfate.--Most of the lead leaded zinc oxide. Individual productio held to avoid disclosure of company con Red Lead.--Production ana shipme higher in 1963. Shipments totaled 26,20 716 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 accounted for 50 percent. The other 50 percent was widely distrib uted for use in lubricants, petroleum, rubber, and miscellaneous small uses. Litharge.--Shipments of litharge exceeded production in 1902 by 9,900 tons. The shipments were distributed among various manu facturers. Ceramics, chrome pigments, oil refining, rubber, and var nish accounted for 30 percent of the total. To avoid disclosing company confidential data, a large percentage of litharge shipped has been incorporated into the group classified "Other." Production of leaded litharge, known to the trade as "black oxide," by battery manufactures amounted to 182,900 tons in comparison to the 161,000 tons produced in 1962. Prices.--The quoted price of white lead was 16.5 cents per pound in carload lots, f.o.b. plants until September 9, when it increased to 17.75 cents per pound. The average value of 1963 shipments of dry white lead was $366 per ton; white lead in oil averaged $467 per ton. Red lead price advanced on January 21 from 13.75 cents to 14.25 cents per pound where it held until June 10 when raised to 14.50 cents per pound. During the last 6 months the price advanced five times to 16.25 cents per pound, quoted on December 2. The average value of shipments, as reported, however, declined from $285 per ton to $282 per ton in 1963. The price of commercial litharge, f.o.b. works in less than carload lots also trended upward during the year advancing from the year opening quotation of 13.25 cents per pound in 7 increments to a yearend price of 15.75 cents per pound reached on December 2. Average value of litharge shipments was $238 per ton. TABLE 16.--Production and shipments of lead pigments 1 and oxides in the United States 1962 1963 Pigment Produc tion (short tons) Shipments Short tons Value 1 Total Aver age per ton Produc tion (short tons) Shipments Short tons Value > Total Aver age per ton Wblto lead: Drv..................... In oil................. Total............... Red lead.................... Litharge.................... 10,161 6,410 15,671 24,808 102,908 161,023 10,697 $4,240,362 6,602 2, 667,363 16,169 6, 607.725 25,617 7,276, 183 103,397 23,860,746 $400 10,239 10,075 $3,088,456 479 3,758 5,327 2,485, 307 426 13.697 15.402 6,173,823 285 25,780 26.245 7, 391,928 231 63,958 103,834 24,672,270 182,634 $3.69 4.67 4.01 2.82 2.38 1 Except for basic lead sulfate, figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. * At p>ant, exclusivo of container. Weight of white lead only, but value of paste. LEAD TABLE 17.--Lead content of lead and zinc pigmen by domestic manufacturers, by (Short tons) 1962 Pigment Lead In pigmeenntts produced from-- Ore Pig lead Total lead in pigments L Domestio Foreign Do White lead................ Red lead................... Litharge.................... Black oxide............... Leaded zinc oxide... Total.. 1,727 1,727 12,457 22,670 96,704 163,819 12,457 22,670 96. 704 163,819 2,487 760 284,660 287,037 1 Excludes lead In basic lead sulfate; figures withheld to avoid dis data. . TABLE 18.--Distribution of white lead (dry and in (Short tons) Industry 1954-58 (average) 1969 1960 Paints___ Ceramics. Other....... Total. 19,117 ' 608 4,131 23,766 15,148 243 >3,833 19,224 14,145 210 3,678 17,942 i Excludes basic lead sulfate: figures withheld to avoid disclosing 1 Figures for plasticizers and stabilizers withheld to avoid discl data. TABLE 19.--Distribution of red lead ship (Short tons) Industry 19M-68 (average) Total................................ 14,186 M0) 12,466 26,680 1969 12,098 0) (0 6,807 21,006 I960 12,00 0) 82 9,40 22,631 1 Included with "Other.' 718 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 TABLE 20.--Distribution of litharge shipments, by industries (Short tons) Industry 1964-68 (average) Ceramics--............................. Chrome pigments.................... Floor covering.......................... Insecticides............................... Oil refining............................... Rubber..................... ................ Storage batteries....................... Varnish...................................... Othor............................. -.......... Total............................... 0) 4,321 (l) (*) 3. 421 1,705 <l) 3,878 I!0,448 123, 773 1969 16,340 4,682 (*) 0) 3,096 1,808 0) 4,725 76.302 106,013 I960 16,763 (') <> (') 2,371 1.373 0) 3.471 76.672 98, 640 1961 14,393 (') 0) 0) 2,147 1,243 0) 3,394 77. 773 98,960 1962 17,762 8 (*) 2, 404 1.792 (') 4,083 77, 368 103.397 1063 17, 702 6, 763 ( ) <) 1,973 1,702 < > 4,240 72, 394 103.834 Included with "Other." TABLE 21.--U.S. imports for consumption of lead pigments and compounds Kind 1962 1963 Short tons Valuo Short tons Vnluo (thousands) (thousands) Other lead compounds....................................................... 2,361 556 18,697 34 439 18,986 (678 83 2,229 13 124 3,027 1 2, 434 1.171 22,440 12 238 26,296 (649 198 3,692 9 62 4,400 Source: Bureau of the Census. TABLE 22.--U.S. exports of lead pigments and compounds Kind 1962 1963 Short tons Value Short tons Value (thousands) (thousands) 1,919 711 2,630 (595 1,846 249 401 844 2,248 (620 136 765 Includes white lead, rod lead, and litharge. Source: Bureau of the Census. STOCKS Stocks of refined lead at primary producing plants declined 87.200 tons during the year to 49,300 tons at yearend, and antimonial lead stocks increased to 7,300 tons. Total yearend stocks representing physical inventories at primary plants, regardless of ownership, but not including material in process or in transit, were 120,800 tons compared with 196,700 tons at the close of 1962. .... Stocks reported by the American Bureau of Metal Statistics indi cated an additional 20,300 tons of lead in bullion was in process at LEAD or in transit to primary plants and about 26 was in process at smelters. Total stocks of in raw materials was thus 166,900 tons, a decr the year. Consumer and secondary smelter stocks 93,500 tons at the end of 1962 to 119,900 and were last exceeded in 1969. The majo soft lead with a gain of 20,400 tons and in an of 6,200 tons. On December 31, the total load inven stockpiles was 1(378,400 tons of which 1, national (strategic) stockpile and 328,000 stockpile. TABLE 23.--Stocks of lead at primary smelters States, Bee. 31 (Short tons) 8 Cocks 1954-68 (average) 1960 1960 Refined pig lead............. ...... Lead In Antimonial lead__ ... Lead In base bultlon___ Load fn oro and matte.. Total- 76,200 11,493 12.000 40,887 140,346 107,683. 11,381 12, 840 89,195 171,070 148,415 10,483 26,026 66,219 260,142 TABLE 24.--Consumer stocks of lead in the Unite material (Short tons, lead oontent) 1959. 1000. 1961. 1062.. 1983. Yaar Refined soft lead Antiroonlaj lead 80. 277 49, 726 55. 951 61,121 71,568 38,688 39,230 33,633 34,389 40,606 PRICES The quoted New York price for commo 1963 was 10.00 cents per pound. On Janua to 10.50 cents and then increased in increme July 23, August 19, September 16, and Octo the price firmed at 12.50 cents for-the remain New York price quotation for the year was Quotations on the London Metal Exchan 53.75 per long ton in January (equivalent U.S. currency--computed on the average m to a high of 77.38 (9.66 cents) on Decem the year was 7.93 cents per pound. 1132 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 Small quantities of certain alloying elements change the oxidation rate of tin.8 If the formation of tin oxide (SnO) is thermodynamically favored, elements with a valence greater than tin increaso the rate of formation of SnO. When the formation of SnO is not favored the alloying element is oxidized preferentially. ' Stannic oxide was found to be a broadband semiconductor, and the antimony-doped specimens showed 11-typo behavior.10 Iributyl tin oxide additions to preparations for treating hospital lloors and walls and in laundry rinse solutions was effective in the control of staphylococcus in hospitals.11 The manufacture of tinplate and tin coating, thickness of the tin coating, composition of the steel base, and production of tinplate in various countries was described.12 A corrosion test for tinplate was described.13 The polarization resistance and corrosion current, both related to corrosion rate, are determined from graphs of voltage versus current and of voltage versus the log of the current, respectively. A now short-cycle continuous heat-treating process to anneal mud steel Btrip in 15 seconds is being developed.14 The strip is per- heated in a duct of molten lead-bismuth alloy, annealed in an electric heating section, quenched to 200-300 C in a second duct of leadbismuth alloy, and air-cooled in storage. A 6inall continuous hot-tinning line on which copper or steel strips or wire could be tinned under any desired conditions was constructed by the Tin Research Institute, London.15 Oil well drill pipe couplings were tinplated, enabling faster makeup or breaking of a string of pipe by reducing friction and sealing joints.15 d M. 'eVuo S; ^ of AUylD8 E'" - "> Octob/r I8M, Upp. ^08l-I083ICOndUCtlng NatUre ol 8tennlc 0xld<i; J- Ehctfocbem. Boo., v. HO. No. 10, Ustt^Kro M^TtaAnfS%82Hftl?a,tS,M5iPtob'S.ra ?(the Ubiquitous Hospital Inlection. Tin and Its usas. No. 60, Tin Research Instftuto (Middlesex, England) 1063, pp. 1-3. 68 p?are' W' E' Tlopl8te Handbook. 4tb ed,, din Research Instltuto(Mlddlesei, England) March 1063, Dlate Hec^ochnm dn'A;hR' PTTt A, Polarization Method (or Determining the Corrosion Rate of Tln- 1andT^v867&aNo! Wo 'au 0^;^,0^.^!'1^8 ' Slr'P ^ (Manchester, Eng- 1063Apm(irlCaD Metol TMarket- Tinplate Finds New Use In Drill Pipe Couplings V. 70, No. 231, Deo. 4, Titanium By John W. Stamper1 RODUCTION and consumption of titanium Pthe second highest on record. Ilmenite outpu of 888,000 tons and rutile production was th Production of titanium pigments was down 4 sumption was up 3 percent over that of 1962. Owing to the increased demand for rutile in oxide by the chloride process, world output o jumped 47 percent over that of 1962. Ilmen chiefly for making titanium dioxide by the sulfa 3 percent. . A titanium sponge metal plant in the United Ki to resume production in 1964. New titanium di pansions of existing facilities were completed i Australia, Canada, and West Germany. Ad winch included two 25,000-ton-per-vear plants, u process, were planned in France, Spain, India, 20,000-ton-per-year plant was built m the United chloride process. LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT Under the Antidumping Act of 1921, as amen ury Department investigated charges by domesti ing of titanium dioxide pigment in the United from Finland, France, Japan, and the United K ury Department found no evidence of dump Finland and the United Kingdom; however, and France were held to be dumping unde was referred to the U.S. Tariff Commission for the practice was injurious to the domestic in Commission ruled that imports from France w domestic industry. Imports from Japan were Tariff Commission early in 1964. A total of 85 short tons of titanium sponge m hardness was sold by General Services Adminis price of $1.18 per pound. 1 Commodity specialist. Division of Minerals. 1134 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1903 TABLE 1.--Salient titanium statistics 1954-68 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 (avor8ge) United States: Ilmenite concentrate:* Mine shipments.short tons.. Value____ _____ thousands.. Imports *............short tons.. Consumption.............. do___ Titanium slag: Consumption do___ Rutile concentrator Mine ehlpmonta......... do.... Value............. . thousands.. Imports............... short tons.. Consumption *do__________ Sponge metal: Production................... do___ Imports for consumption do___ Consumption......... ..do___ Price: Orade A-l, Dec. 31 por pound.. World production; Ilmenite concentrate.short tons.. Kutlle concentrate__ ____ do.... Sponge metal................. do___ 637,723 $12,960 359,227 771,741 126,462 8,212 $1,099 40.959 84,270 9,839 1,683 6,957 $2.72 1,623,300 103,200 13,460 637,263 $12,106 371,087 917,747 789,237 $14,656 265,645 888,080 782,029 $13,320 207,161 929,147 809,037 $13,974 166,434 944,797 143,320 120,492 130,184 138,205 8,048 $877 23.228 23,741 4 9,226 4 $957 29,236 24,229 7.604 $778 27, 497 20,648 8,033 $933 as, 9GO 31,749 3,898 6,311 6,727 6,730 1,603 3,963 2,231 5, 487 2, 400 6,991 926 7,136 $1.60 $1.60 $1.80 $1.50 1,937,900 <2,207,000 *2,305.900 4 2,168,000 100,400 114,200 128,600 160,000 4 7,000 4 7,900 49,300 48,600 890,071 $16,629 200,880 874,986 162,416 11,311 $1,262 71,990 85,1 7,879 1,468 8,865 $1.60 2,222,000 220,100 9,800 Includes a mixed product containing rutile, leucoiene, and altered ilmenite. a Includes titanium slag. a Excludes use for making titanium dioxide pigment, 1960-63, Inclusive. 4 Revised figure. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION Concentrates.--A record 888,000 tons of ilmenite was produced in New York, Florida, New Jersey; and Virginia. Production of 11,900 tons of rutile in Florida and Virginia was the highest since 1956. Ilmenite production was reported by American Cyanamid Co., Piney River, Va.; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Starke and Lawtey, Fla.; M & T Chemicals, Inc., Hanover County, Va.; National Lead Co., Tahawus, N.Y.; The Gliaden Co., Lakehurst, N.J.; Tita nium Alloy Manufacturing Division, National Lead Co., Skinner, Fla.; and The Florida Minerals Co., Vcro Beach, Fla. Porter Broth ers Corp. shipped ilmenite from stockpiles at Boise, Idaho. Rutile producers were as follows: M & T Chemicals, Inc., Beaver Dam, Va.; Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Division, National Lead Co., Skinner, Fla.; and The Florida Minerals Co., Vero Beach, Fla. The town of Tahawus, N.Y., was moved 10 miles to the southwest to permit extending the open pit mine of the Titanium Alloy Manufac turing Division.1 Metal.--Titanium sponge metal production rose 17 percent above that of 1962. Consumption of sponge metal also was at high level and output of titanium ingot was the second highest on record. Commercial producers of titanium sponge metal were E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Newport, Del.; U.S. Industrial Chemicals Co., Ashtabula, Ohio; and Titanium Metals Corp. of America (TMCA), Henderson, Nev. 'Skillings' Mining Review, Tahawus Mining Town Moved to New Site. V. 52, No. 49, Dec. 7, 1962, p. 12. t it an iu m TABLE 2.__Production and mine shipments of titani domestic ores in the United Sta Year Production, short tons (gross weight)' 1954-58 (average). 1969....................... I960....................... 1901....................... 1902....................... 1903....................... ILMENITE * RUTILE 637 637 789 782 809 89 .................................................................................. 9,206 9,466 8,808 9,045 9,981 11,916 *9 1 I Includes a mixed product containing rutile, leuooiene, and altered > Revised figure. THOUSAND SHORT TONS-ESTlMATED TIOg CONTENT 700 i i 'l t rrn~p i | i i i / 600 500 400 lsumpt 300 200 100 -- 1941 1944 1947 1950 1953 195 FiaurtE 1.--Domestic production, Imports, and consu titanium slags and mixed product 1136 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 Titanium melters were Harvey Aluminum, Inc., Torrance, Calif.;' Bridgeport Brass Co. (Iteactive Metals Products), Niles, Ohio; Ore-1.; fon Metallurgical Corp., Albany, Oreg.; Crucible Steel Co, of America,' fidland, Pa.: Republic Steel Corp., Massillon and Canton, Ohio; and: TMCA, Henderson, Nev. * Oregon Metallurgical Corp. produced ingots and castings. The- other companies produced and processed ingots into mill products such as sheet, strip, plate, forging Dillets, and oars. Harvey Aluminum, Inc., produced titanium castings in addition to other mill products..: Ladish Co., Cudahy, Wis., processed ingots into forged products. The Babcock & Wilcox Co., Beaver Falls, Pa., and the Wolveri Tube Division of Calumet & Hecla, Inc., Allen Park, Mich., produced titanium pipe, tubing, and extrusions. Titanium Products Corp. pro duced seamless titanium pipe at Grosse Point, Mich. TABLE 3.--Titanium-metal data (Short tons) 1050 1900 1001 1062 1968 ; Sponge mo.tal: Production................................................................ Imports for consumption....................................... Industry stocks........................................................ Government stocks (DPA Inventories)................ Consumption........................................................... Scrap-metal consumption.............................................. Ingot: * Production............................................................... Consumption........................................................... Mill sbapo production 1........ ...................... ................ 3,808 1,603 1,100 22.474 3,053 1,600 6,017 6, 964 3.211 6,311 2,231 1,100 22,474 5, 487 2, 627 8, 207 7,978 6,071 8, 727 2.400 1,200 22,401 C.001 2, 601 0. 371 8, 878 6,647 6, 730 026 1,300 22,461 7,136 3.160 10,400 0. 773 *6, 607 7,879 1,448 1,400 22.871. 8.866 2,286 11.188 10,404 >4,113 > Includes alloy constituents. * Bureau of tho Census and Business and Defense Services Administration, Current Industrial Reports Scries BDSAF-2G3 (03). 1 Net shipments derived by subtracting the sum of producers' receipts of each mill shape from tbe lo dustry's gross shipments of that shape. Data not comparable with previous years. Fig u r e 2.--Domestic production, Imports, and consumption of rutile (excluding that used in 1961 through 1963 for making TiO* pigment), 1941-63. TITANIUM Pigments.--On a gross-weight basis, production o pigments decreased 4 percent and shipments increas the levels of 1962. Data on domestic production table 4 are based on TiO, content. Titanium pigments were produced by the foll American Cyanamid Co., Piney River, Va., and S Glidden Co., Baltimore, Md.; E. I. du Pont de Ne Edge Moor, Del., Baltimore, Md., and New Johns tional Lead Co., St. Louis, Mo., and Sayreville, N Jersey Zinc Co.j Gloucester City, N.J. Cabot Titanium Corp. completed construction por-ycar plant, at Ashtabula, Chio, for producing via the chloride process. American Potash & Chemical Corp. announced per-year chloride process titanium pigment plant Aberdeen, Miss. Welding-Rod Coating.--A total of 265,000 tons of taining titaniferous materials in their coatings, was total output, 45 percent contained rutile; 18 pe percent, a mixture of rutile and manufactured titan cent, manufactured titanium dioxide; 3 percent s miscellaneous mixtures. TABLE 4.--Titanium pigment data (T10s o Year Production (short tons) ( 1959................... '..................................................................... I960.......................................................................................... 1961......................................................................................... 1902.......................................................................................... 1963......................................................................................... 421,684 606,334 465, 683 602,879 623,201 619, 458 * Includes iutcrnlant transfers. * Data not available. Source: Facts for Industry and Current Industrial Reports scries, M10A and lublishcd Jointly by tho Buroau of tbe Census and Business and Defense S Department of Commerce. CONSUMPTION AND USES Concentrates.--Consumption of ilmenite, which making titanium dioxide pigment by the sulfate 7 percent; however, titanium slag consumption, w for the same purpose, increased 10 percent. Ruti clusive of that used for making titanium pigmen reported in table 5, was 11 percent more than in rutile in producing titanium pigments was subst in 1962. Metal.--Consumption of 8,900 tons of titanium 24 percent higher than in 1962. About one-fou scrap was used for each ton of titanium consume output of 11,000 tons of ingot was produced. U 1138 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 gage, titanium mill products consumption was 6 percent less than in ' 1962. TABLE 5,--Consumption of titanium concentrates in the United States, by*y products (Short tons) Year and product Ilmcnlte > Gross weight Estlmatod TIOi contont Titanium slag Gross weight Estimated TIOi content Rutile Gross Estimated-): woight TIOi >" content I, 1054-58 (average).. 1959....................... 10110....................... 1901....................... 1962: Pigments....................... * Titanium meta!............ Welding-rod coatings.. Alloys and carbide............ Ceramics................... Fiber glass.................... Miscellaneous *............. Total. 1063: Pigments................... Titanium metal........ Welding-rod coating. Alloys and carbide... Ceramics.................... Fiber glass................. Miscellaneous1_____ Total. 771.741 914,747 808.080 929,147 >94!,954 (*) 503 2,282 60 8 944,797 >872,747 (*) 623 1,659 49 874,986 406,429 470.000 464.614 407.614 > 499.471 (0 298 1,391 31 601,196 >458.128 <) 307 1,036 30 459,500 126.452 143,329 120.492 130.184 453 () 176 152,151 207 () 89,251 101.106 86,095 92,Oil 98,195 318 (') 119 108.458 () 108.645 34,270 23,74! 24,229 29.648 (') 13,633 16,492 223 330 1,018 1,053 31,749 () 14.734 17,444 329 400 039 1,283 35,189 87, SOS 22.463 22.943 28,016 <>) 13,126 14,627 211 J 809; 991 969. _____-i. 80,281 <-74,021 16,461 814 480 911 MU 33,326 : i Includes a mixed product containing rutile, leucoxeno, and altered ilmenlte used to make pigments and. metal. , i Includes ilmenlte that was upgraded to a product containing more than 90 percont TIOi lor use In making l pigments and the losses of Ilmenlte Incurred In upgrading the Ilmenlte. ' > Figure withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. * Included with "Pigments*' to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. t. Included with ''Miscellaneous'* to avoid disclosing Individual company data. [ Includes consumption for chemicals and experimental purposes ana losses in grinding. According to a large producer, missile and space applications re*-v placed military jet engines as the chief use for titanium. The esti-; mated distribution of titanium mill product consumption was as ' follows: Application: tI : l Percent Missile and space components 82, Military airframes 27; Jet engines 28 Civilian airplanes 9 Industrial (chemical) 4 Ordnance 2, Experimental (submarines)________________________________________________ % Total 100, Wide use of titanium was scheduled for the Gem.ini two-man space; craft.3 Tlie tricycle landing gear, the pressurized compartment foij. the crew, various pressure vessels, and the solid-fuel cases for the retrorockets were expected to be made largely of titanium and its alloys such as Ti-6A1-4V and Ti-7Al-4Mo. Tankage and other components of titanium were expected to be utilized in the Lunar Excursion1 Materials In Design Engineering. V. 68, No. 2, September 1003, p. 7. TITANIUM Module scheduled to land on the moon. Solid rocke and other components for a new upper-stage booster fo launch vehicle were scheduled to be built of titanium.4 Titanium was reported to be a basic material for A sonic transport (SST).5 The SST was expected to f tween mach 2.2 and mach 3 (1,500 to 2,000 miles per 15 to 50 tons of titanium per plane. Depending on th and the number of planes built, this could greatly in jected use of approximately 25,000 to 35,000 tons a y sponge metal in the 1970's. Titanium was used in fabricating experimental sec the feasibility of using the metal for aeep-diving sub Industrial uses of titanium continued to grow at a f other uses. Titanium tubing and plates were plan equipment for flash evaporation of sea water to produ to be installed at the Harvey Aluminum Co. alumin Croix, V.I.T Several types of ball valves were construc for use in wet chlorine, electroplating solutions, oxidiz brines.8 An all-titanium anodizing rack was used in of anodized aluminum parts. The titanium frame doe rent, such as encountered in metal to metal contacts, a a protective coating of plastic is eliminated.8 A titanium heat exchanger, used to cool chlorina one company $140 more than a conventional graphite expected! to save the company $9,000 in replacement c A new calcium hypochlorite plant being built at Ch was scheduled to use 1,750 feet of 3-inch titanium pip of thin-wall 3-inch tubing.10 Technical developments resulted in marketing of new titanium shapes, such as an all-titanium locknut, uti solid lubricant coating which can be used with steel bo rods of 99.9999 per cent purity for materials research capacitors and other electronic and aerospace devices; welded tubing; and titanium plate, one-half inch thic and 30 feet long, for use as a tank containing nitric acid. A titanium-aluminum alloy was used in the valve tra of a British racing car.14 Pigments.--Consumption of titanium pigments b weight and using shipments as a gage, increased 3 perc American Metal Market, Space Vehicle To Use Titanium. V. 70, No pp. 1.14. Cooke, Richard P., Titanium Likely To Be Basic Material In U.S ort. Advocates Say Weight Saving Would Override High Cost: A !etn! 7 Wall Street J., v. 161, No. 121, June 21, 1063, pp. 1.16. American Metal Market. Nuclear Metals To Develop Titanium Al Submarine. V. 70. No. 75. Apr. 10. 1063, n. 13. American Metal Market. Titanium Used in Water Desalting Unit Plant. V. 70. No. 183, Sept. 23, 1003, p. 15. Iron Age. Titanium Ball Valves Handle Corrosives. New Materia V. 102. No. 24, Dec. 12, 1063. p. 110. E&MJ Metal and Mineral Markets. V. 34, No. 52, Dec. 30,1063, p. 8. ' American Metnl Market. Astro Completes Big Titanium Tube Ord Plant. V. 70, No. 102, Aug. 8, 1063, pp. 1 11. ' Iron Age. All-Titanium Fastener. V. 102, No. 7, Ang. 15, 1063, p > Ruth, John P. NRC Develops 00.0090% Pure Titanium For Thin Devices. American Metnl Market, v. 71, No. 43. Mar. 3, 1903, p. 0. `American Metnl Market. Lnrgest Titanium Plate. V. 70. No. 233 ' Metallurgy (England). Titanium AUoy In B.lt.M. V. 67, No. 404 1140 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 The Bureau of Mines canvass of titanium-pigment producers was expanded to obtain additional data on shipments to include four new categories, formerly reported as "Other." These are roofing granules, ceramics, plastics, ana exports. Beginning in 1963, shipments to industries in the "Other" category included welding rods, leather, shoe dressing, and synthetic fabrics. * TABLE 6.--Distribution of titanium-pigment shipments, by industries1 (Percent) Industry 1964-58 (aver- I860 1060 1061 1062 1063 BgO) Distribution by gross weight: Coated fabrics and textiles (oilcloth, shade cloth, Plastics (except 0oor covering and vinyl-coated Total ...................................................................... Distribution by tltauium dioxide content: Coated fabrics and textiles (oilcloth, shade cloth, Plastics (except floor covering aud vinyl-coated Total........................................................................ 65.1 10.0 4. 5 3.6 2.8 1.3 (*) (*) (*) 12.2 <>) 100.0 67.8 14.1 6.3 4. 6 3.0 1.8 (J) (>) <') 12.0 < ) 100.0 64.8 11.7 4.0 4.2 3.1 1.7 () (>) () 0.8 <>) 100.0 68.2 15.1 6.3 5.4 3.0 2.2 (>) (>) <') 8.0 ( ) 100.0 G5.1 11.3 4.8 4.0 2.8 1.3 () (*) () 10.7 ( ) 100.0 58.5 14.6 6.2 4.0 3.6 1.7 (>) (*) (*) 10.6 (>) 100.0 63.4 12. 6 4.6 4.1 3.3 1.0 () (*) (J) 10.6 c) 100.0 57.0 16.7 6.6 6.1 4.1 2.0 (') (*) (*) 10.5 (>i 100.0 61.0 13.0 4.7 4.2 3.3 1.7 (*) () (') 11.2 ( ) 100.0 65.3 16.2 6.8 6.2 4.0 2.1 (*) (') (*) 11.4 pi 100.0 63.3 12.6 18 10 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 4.8 100.0 87.0 16.6 6.3 19 2.0 2.0 Z6 1.6 8.7 2.9 8.4 100.0 i Data bosod on figures supplied to the Hurcim of Mines by producers. * Data not available. Included with "Other." TABLE 7.--Stocks of titanium concentrates in the United States, Dec. 31 (Short tons) Year and stock Ilmenlto Gross weight TIOi content, estimated Titunium slug Gross weight TIOj content, estimated Hutilo Gross weight TIOj content, estimated 1062: Distributor..................... 1963: Consumer...... .................... Total............................... 20.121 254 672.071 601,446 27,450 224 626,681 653,265 14.387 141) 313,504 328,040 13,675 131 340,118 350, 024 140,152 140,152 105,641 105,641 100,005 100,005 76,315 75,315 0.148 5.701 60,538 75,387 0,752 0,469 76,672 92,793 8,606 6,431 67,623 71,668 0,337 6,168 73,078 88,668 TITANIUM STOCKS Industry stocks of rutile and ilmenite increased 23 respectively. Titanium-slag inventories decreased 26 ernment stocks of rutile on December 31 totaled 46.23 18,599 tons was in the national (strategic) stockpile: in Defense Production Act (DPA) inventories; and in the supplemental stockpile. Yearend stocks of titanium sponge metal held by p ers, and semi fabricators totaled 1,400 tons, compared on hand at the end of 1962. Titanium metal scrap and semi fabricators at yearend was 3,400 tons, 100 to 1962. Government-held stocks of titanium sponge m 392 tons, 22,371 tons in DPA inventories, and 9,021 to mental stockpile. PRICES Concentrates.--The price quoted for ilmenite in E Mineral Markets remained unchanged at $23 to $26 p percent Ti02, f.o.b. Atlantic seaboard). The quoted price of rutile (94 percent Ti02, f.o.b. At increased from $95 per short ton at the end of 1962 t ton at the end of 1963. Manufactured Titanium Dioxide.--The base prices o tase grades of manufactured titanium dioxide pi cium-rutile base titanium pigments were unchanged. per-pound price differential on shipments of one com pigment to users west of the Rocky Mountains was el reductions of the base price was given to purchasers of following prices were quoted in the Oil, Paint and at yearend: Anataac, cbalk-resistant, regular and ceramic, carlots, deliv Leas than carlots, delivered . 266 Rutile, nonchalking, bags, carlots, delivered East____________ Less than carlots, delivered East___________________ _____ Titanium pigment, calcium-rutile base, 80 percent TIO,, bags delivered . 09875 Less than carlots, delivered . 09875 Metal.--Prices per pound for various grades of metal at the begining of 1963 ranged from $1.32 to end of the year from $1.27 to $1.60. Quoted prices of most titanium mill shapes were u the year. Prices per pound of mill shapes (f.o.b. m pure grades, in lots of 10,000 pounds) were quoted follows: Sheet __________ Strip__________ Plate_________ Wire___________ Forging billetsHot-rolled bars 1142 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1983 Ferrotitanium.--Nominal prices at yearend for various grades o ferrotitanium were quoted in E&MJ Metal and Mineral Market as follows: Low-carbon:1 Titanium, 40 percent; carboD, 0.10 percent maximum$1.85 Y\ Prioi Titanium, 25 percent; carbon, 0.10 percent maximum -------------------- 1.60 Medium-carbon: * Titanium, 17 to 21 percent; carbon, 3 to 5 percent--------------------------- 876 High-carbon: ' ' Titanium, 16 to 19 percent; carbon, 6 to 8 percent------------------------------- 810 1 Price per pound contained titanium in 1 ton or more, lump ( ^-loch, plus), packed L' f.o.b. destination northeastern United States. . * Price per short ton, carload lots, lump, packed ; f.o.b. destination northeastern United .. States. ' I' FOREIGN TRADE Imports.--Increased imports of ilmenite (chiefly titanium slag) from Canada and resumption of imports of Indian ilmenite resulted in-a-; 21-percent increase in the total. Rutile imports from Australia weret double those of the previous year and reflected the increased demand; for rutile used inmaking titanium dioxide. 'f. ; Imports of titanium metal totaled 1,468 short tons, 59 percent higher- than m 1962. As in past years Japan with 1,318 tons accounted for most of the total; however, imports of 133 tons from the United King-;' dom were the highest recorded from that country. Canada, with almost 17 tons, and West Germany accounted for the remainder. Of the totals, about 7 tons from Canada and 3 tons from the United Kingdom were free under certain public laws. The remainder was dutiable. Imports of titanium dioxido and titanium pigments totaled 25,277 tons, nearly double the quantity brought in during 1962. The chief sources of imported pigment were France, 4,927 tons; Japan, 5,106 tons; Finland, 8,944 tons; Italy, 2,879 tons; West Germany, 1,887 tons; and Spain, 1,500 tons. Most of the remainder came from the United Kingdom and Canada. About 270 tons of titanium com pounds was imported. Exports.--Titanium dioxide and pigment exports totaling 26,702 tons, declined for the seventh successive year. As in past years, Can ada, receiving 10,884 tons, was the destination of most of the exports. Other countries that received more than 1,000 tons were as follows: The Philippines, 2,272 tons; Mexico, 1,889 tons; Italy, 1,107 tons; The Netherlands, 1,564 tons; the United Kingdom, 1,142 tons; and Bel- gium-Luxembourg, 1,030 tons. Exports of 1,212 tons of titanium ores and concentrates included 790 tons to Canada, 200 tons to Hong Kong, and 75 tons to Iran.' Smaller quantities were sent to Colombia, West Germany, Kuwait, Argentina, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Titanium sponge and scrap exports increased 5 percent over that of 1962. Of the 1,261 tons exported, the United Kingdom was shipped 1,056 tons, West Germany, 77 tons, and most of the remainder was sent- to France, Austria, The Netherlands, Italy, and Sweden. TITANIUM TABLE 8.--TJ.S. Imports for consumption of titanium conc (Short tons) ' Country 1054-58 1950 1960 1961 (average) Ilmenlto: Australia............................ Canada ............................. India................................... Malaya, Federation of___ 4,687 160,225 188.161 6,229 26 47,817 157, 206 107,074 33, 089 104,243 128,313 85, 127, 44, Total: Short tons........... 359, 227 371,687 265,645 207, Value................... < $7,061,108 $7,991, 208 $5.066, 502 85. 017, Ruttlo: Australia............................. South Africa, Republic of. 40,917 42 22, 954 274 27,847 1,358 30 26, 1,4 Total: Short tons___... 40.956 23.228 29,235 27. Value............... 85,362,335 $2,943,258 $3,610,616 $2,644, 1 Claslfled as "ore" by the Bureau of the Census. * Chiefly titanium slag averaging about 70 percent TIOi. i Less than 1 too. 1 Data known to be oot comparable with other years. * Excludes 16 tons rutile content of ilrconJum ore as reported to the Bureau Source: Buroau of the Census. Exports of primary forms of titanium metal dec Of this total, 238 tons went to Canada, 135 tons to West Germany, and most of the remainder to Ita the 211 tons of titanium ferroalloys exported, Ca tons; The Netherlands, 11 tons; and most of the Belgium-Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Sweden Republic of South Africa. TABLE 9.--TJ.S. exports of titanium prodnets, Year Ores and concentrates Metal and alloys Primary forms, In crude form n.e.c.* and scrap 1 Fer Short Value Short Value Short Value Short tons tons tons tons 1954-58 (average)... 1859.................. 1960.................. 1961.................. 1962.................. 1963.................. 1,382 4,660 1,260 1,436 1,224 1,212 $208,177 289. 607 160,685 190, 480 166,987 176,231 48 496 870 886 818 1,261 $290.768 643.104 868.846 926,783 925.495 1,232,245 370 $6,647,142 499 6,161,074 426 3,237,949 884 2. 702,822 661 4,102.113 494 8,443,940 294 821 246 212 130 211 1 Beginning Jan. 1, 1656, classified as sponge and scrap. * Beginning Jan. 1, 1656, classified as intermediate mill shapes and mill p classified). Source: Bureau of the Census. WORLD REVIEW The United States continued to be the principa and the chief market for ilmenite and rutile in t world. Australia was the leading rutile produc approximately 93 percent of the total. In additio 1236 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 Michigan led the 21 States in the consumption of slab zinc in making zinc-base alloys. Other largo consuming States were Illinois, Ohio, New York, and Indiana. TABLE 17.---Reported slab zinc consumption in the United States in 1963, by industries and States . (Short tons) State Galvanizcrs Brass mills * Die casters * Other* Total Alabama.............................................. Arizona................................................ Arkansas................................................. California............................................. Colorado.............. -.............................. Connecticut......................................... Delaware...................... ......................... Florida................................................. Georgia................................................. Hawaii......... ........................................ Idaho.................................................... Illinois.................................................. Indiana................................................. Iowa..................................................... Kansas.................................................. Kentucky............................................ Louisiana............................................. Maine................................................... Maryland..-v...................................... Massachusetts..................................... Michigan.............................................. Minnesota........................................... Mississippi.......................................... Missouri............................................... Nebraska............................................. New Hampshire.................................. New Jersey........................-................ New York........................................... North Carolina.................................... OhJo..................................................... Oklahoma................... ...................... .. Oregon................ ................................. Pennsylvania....................................... Rhode Island....................................... South Carolina.................................... South Dakota...................................... Tennessee....... Texas.............. Utah................ Virginia........... Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin-----Undistributed. Total. (*) (<> 24.091 <<> 2,732 (0 (4) <0 46,770 66,921 <*> 8.... 8 2,,786 8 (*) 4,822 2,886 13,702 83,083 2,260 401 64,041 (0 8 719 13,663 <0 0) 889 7,316 2,195 97, 741 416,996 (4) 1,821 <<) 38,862 <`> 16,6 <4) <*) 16,976 o c> nt6,,858 (') 8,879 0) 19 (') (<) 37, 993 8,883 0) (' (') 76, 397 30,715 7,766 () 44,239 (`) 61,867 8 23,616 8 c) (<> 90,615 407,705 (') (') C) C)5 (*) (*) (<) 20,100 (()) (') W (<) (') 8 o 8 (') (<) 697 <*) <4> 66,008 87,430 37,238 (<) (4) 35,520 (*) 40,127 (4) 1,660 (*) (4) (4) 158,830 109,220 1,681 8 1,367 (0 32,100 6, 645 149. 742 2,190 <<> 13,429 1,696 (<) 20,676 75, 034 0) 145,132 0,130 801 114,471 725 8 1,628 42,360 (4) 1,304 1,486 8,377 14,374 69,238 1,098,213 1 Includes brass milts, brass ingotmakers, and brass foundries. 1 Includes producers of zinc-base dlecastings, zinc-alioy dies, and zinc-alloy rods. 1 Includes slab zinc used Jn rolled-zinc products and in zinc oxide. 1 Figure withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistrib uted". * Excludes remelt zinc. ZINC PIQMENTS AND SAITS Production of zinc pigments and salts increased 2 percent to 262,300 tons. Shipments increased 7 percent to 268,800 tons, principally to the rubber, paint, and ceramic industries. Production.--Output of lead-frets zinc oxide decreased 1 percent to 157,400 tons, and production of leaded zinc oxide increased 5 percent to 15,100 tons. Zinc chloride (50 13aum6) production decreased 7 percent to 49,700 tons and zinc sulfate output increased 31 percent to 40,100 tons. THOUSANO SHOUT TONS 240, ZINC Fig u r e 2.--Trends in shipments of zinc pigments, TABLE 18. Production and shipments of zino pigments a United States __________________________________________ 1962 Pigment or salt Produc tion (short tons) Shipments Short tons Value * Produc tion (short Total tons) Aver age per ton Sh to Zinc oxide 1................... Leaded xjnc oxide *___ Zinc chloride, 60 B * Zinc sulfate................... 268,844 14,377 63,733 30,639 164,840 336, 627,808 16.694 3,662,330 60,438 31,231 1? $230 233 8 167,371 15,060 49,728 40,109 162 15 60 40, I V^tZtreid ;uflsfvereo^^atde^a70,d d`3Cl03lDE ^.vlduo) company o * Zinc oxide containing 5 percent or more Jead Is classed as leaded zinc oxide SiS!lSeiiH?h Mt* .T 1ira,.eDf ot?^ wnwonlum chloride and chromatid Figure withhold to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data an<^ salts were made from various zinc-b including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and residues. Zinc c ments and salts made directly from ore, both dome exceeded 90,000 tons; zinc in zinc oxide and zinc ch zinc exceeded 16,000 tons; and the zinc in produc secondary materials in zinc pigments and salts excee 1238 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1983 TABLE 19.--Zinc oontent of zinc pigments 1 and salts produced by domestio manufacturers, by sources (Short tons) 1962 1963 Pigment or salt Zinc In pigments and salts produced from-- Ore Domes> Foreign tlo Slab tlno Sec ondary mate rial Total rlnc In Pig ments and salts Zinc In pigments and salts produced from-- Ore Domes Foreign tio Slab tlno Sec ondary mate rial Total r.lnc In pig ments and salts Zinc oxide.................. 63,666 Leaded tine oxide.... 6,232 Total pigments. 08,707 Zlnc'sulfate................ 17,266 18,297 3,378 20,634 18,297 <) C) 27,622 126,740 8,610 27,622 135,350 11,715 11,715 C> 10,922 65,246 6,165 70,410 w 16,260 16,037 4,087 20,337 16,037 () < ) 28,026 28.026 11,130 ( ) 125,658 9,252 134,810 11,130 13,372 Excludes ilnceulflde and lithopone; figures wlthheldto avoid disclosing Individual company confidential ^Mndudes line content of line ammonium cblorldo and chromntcd xlnc chloride. > Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. Lead-free zinc oxide was made by several processes; 67 percent, was made from ores and residues by the American process, 18 percent from metal by the French process, and 15 percent from scrap residues and secondary materials by other processes. Leaded zinc oxide was made from ores; zinc chloride was made from slab zinc and secondary zinc materials; and zinc sulfate was made from ores and secondary materi als. , Four grades of leaded zinc oxide, classified according to lead content, were produced. Only a very small quantity of 5 percent or less leaded zinc oxide was produced; the more than 5 to 35 percent grade consti tuted most of the production. Small quantities of the more than 35 through 50 percent and over 50 percent grades were produced. Litnoponc, a coprecipitalc of zinc sulfide and barium sulfato, was produced, but figures are withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. Consumption and Uses.--Shipments of lead-free zinc oxide were 162,300 tons, 5 percent greater than in 1962. The quantity received by the rubber, paint, and ceramic industries accounted for 78 percent of the total shipped. The paint industry accounted for 96 percent of the 15,500 tons of leaded zinc oxide shipped. Lithopone was used in paint, varnish and lacquer, coated fabrics and textiles, rubber, and floor covering. The principal uses of zinc chloride were for battery making, gal vanizing, vulcanizing fiber, preserving wood, and refining oil, as well as for fungicides, solder, and tinning fluxes. The chief uses of zinc sulfate were in rayon manufacture and agri culture. Other uses were in glue manufacture, flotation reagents, rubber, and medicine. Prices.--American-process zinc oxide was quoted at 13.50 cents per pound in carlots, freight allowed, throughout 1963. Quotations for Red-seal, Green-seal, and White-seal French-process zinc oxide ZINC TABLE 20.--Distribution of zino oxide sh (Short tons) Industry 1964-68 1060 (average) Rubber............................ .......................... Paints................................ ......................... Ceramics........ ....................... ............ ......... Coated fabrics and textiles ....................... Floor coverings.................. ......................... Other............ ............................................... Total................................................... 77,623 32,703 9,464 6,397 1,637 22,461 160,208 79,606 83,708 10,486 2,125 1,207 27,203 164,234 '^Figures for ilno oxide used for rayon are withheld to avoid dis * Included with "Other." TABLE 21,--Distribution of leaded zino oxide (Short tons) Industry 1954-68 1959 (average) Rubber........................ _ _ 27,924 j 334 Total................................................. 28,268 20,748 1,878 22,626 TABLE 22.--Distribution o( zino sulfate s (,Sa.hor,t ,tons), Year Rayon Qross weight Drv basis Agriculture Gross weight Drv basis 1954-58 (average)___ 1959............................ 1960............................ 1961............................. 1002............................ 1963............................ 15,626 20,062 15,727 12,284 8 13, 927 23,354 14,097 11.007 8 8,730 6,262 4,320 5,673 8,644 10,785 7,520 4,690 3,848 6,086 7,313 9,407 1 Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confi ,. in carlots, freight allowed, remained unch pound, 15.25 cents, and 15.50 cents, resp Leaded zinc oxide of the 35 percent g cents per pound for carlots, freight allowe Zinc chloride (50 Baum6) was quoted until July when it increased to 5.25 where i of the year. Zinc sulfate (Monohydrate, carlots was quoted at 9.25 cents per poun in October, and remained at this level the Foreign Trade.--Imports of zinc pigm 7 percent in quantity and value over that oxide increased 8 percent and decreased 6 p 1240 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1963 TABLE 23.--U.S. imports for consumption of zinc pigments and salts Kind 1962 1963 Short tons Value Short tons Value (thousands) (thousands) 12,890 461 08 1 1,000 832 15, 282 $2,325 140 13 (0 168 83 2,729 13.057 423 159 <>) 936 886 16,360 $2,632 133 22 (') 140 84 2,911 1 Less than $1,000. 1 Less than 1 ton. Source: Bureau of the Census. TABLE 24.--U.S. exports of zinc pigments Kind 1602 1063 Short tons Value Short tons Value (thousands) (thousands) Llthopone........-............... -................................................. 2,061 360 2,411 $590 2,962 08 830 658 3,801 $827 136 963 Source: Bureau of the Census. STOCKS National Stockpile.--There was 1,257,000 tons of zinc in the national (strategic) stockpile and 324,000 tons in the supplementary stockpile at the end of the year. On June 17, the Office of Emergency Planning (OEP) established a conventional war stockpile objective of zero for zinc. The previous maximum objective, based on different criteria, had been 178,000 tons. Studies continued by OEP to deter mine stockpile needs to meet the requirements of general nuclear war including reconstruction. Producer Stocks.--Stocks of slab zinc at producer plants were 144,700 tons at the beginning of the year, increased about 4,000 tons by the end of March, and then rapidly declined to 47,900 tons by yearend. This was the lowest ycarend stocks recorded since 1955. TABLE 25.--Stocks of zinc at zinc-reduction plants in the United States, Dec. 31 (Short tons) 1960 I960 1961 1962 1063 152, 410 3,800 156,210 178, 200 7,673 185,882 143,494 3,393 146,887 142,059 2,687 144,746 46, 374 1,636 47,910 Consumer Stocks.--Stocks of slab zinc at consumer plants of 79,900 tons at the start of the year were drawn down about 12,000 tons by the end of May, followed by a generally upward trend result- ZINC mg in yearend stocks of 96,600 tons. An a slab zinc was in transit to consumer plants on TABLE 26.--Consumer stocks of slab zino at plan (Short tons) Date Dec. 31, 1902*. Dec. 31, 1963... (Halvaniters Brass mills i Zinc diecasters * Zi roll m 42.754 56,035 8,780 0,846 24,957 21,851 1 4 Includes brass mills, brass Ingotmakcrs, and foundries. * Includes producers of zinc-base dlecasttngs, zinc-alloy dies, and zin * Figures partly revised. * Stocks on Dec. 31, 1962 and Dec. 31, 1963 Include 198 and 302 tons PRICES Prices.--The quoted price of Primo Weste Louis, was 11.5 cents a pound at the start o increases of K-cent each on July 2, July 30, a in tbo yearend price of 13.0 cents per pound. On the London Metal Exchange, the yearl 76.766 per ton (equivalent to 9.60 cents per exchange rate recorded by the Federal Reserv the average was 67.585 (8.45 cents per poun tion rose for the next four successive months cents) for May, declined slightly in June and upward trend, reaching an average quotation (11.84 cents). TABLE 27.--Average monthly quoted prices of 60 Joplin, and of common zino (prompt delivery o London1 1962 Month 60-percent tine con centrates In the Jop lin region (per ton) Metalllo zinc (cents per pound) East St. London * * Louis January................................... February................................ March..................................... April....................................... May........................................ June........................................ July..................................... August................................ Soptember....................... October.................................... November................................. Deoember........................... Average for year............. $72.00 72.00 72.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 68.00 69.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 11,51 11.60 11.50 11.60 11.60 11.50 11.60 11.50 11.60 11.63 8.78 8.67 8.74 8.75 8.62 8.37 8.26 8.07 8.01 8. 25 8.56 8.38 8.43 Mctal'anci Mhieral Murka's1004' P* 603 ' EaSt St` LoUla: MetflI sta * Conversion of English quotations into U.S. money based on a Federal Reserve Board. * Average of daily mean of bid and asked quotations at morning se