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FILE NAME: Metropolitan Life (ML) DATE: 1950 DOC#: ML010 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Met Life Docs Part 1 yu i4 u z)cS MEMORANDUM August 24, 1950 MR. FRED ULMER, MANAGER GROUP DIVISION I am attaching a list oi` ths Groups whose plants were surveyed within the past two years together with a list of surveys pending which we expect to complete some time during the year. Of this group, arrangements have been made to contact Republic Steel Corporation, Coming Glass, and Jones and Laughlin. It will not be necessary to contact General Electric as they are now conducting their own surveys and will not use our service. The following organisations should be notified Johns Manville Products Corporation Armstrong Cock Corporation Otis Elevator Corporation Grade Foundries Bucyrus Erie Rochester Gas and Electric Mutual Chemical Corporation Universal Foundry Four Wheel Drive H&raishfeger Foundry Bundle Manufacturing CompanyEagle Manufacturing Company Ladish Company Evening Bulletin Columbian Rope Company Eickok Manufacturing Company Universal Bundle Corporation The remaining companies have either used or services very sparingly or the type of service given did not include field surveys W. J. McConnell, U.D. Assistant Medical Director Director, Industrial health Bureau 0166 (V ItiEOSTHIAL HIGI^S SURVEYS May 1948 - August 1950 aimblic ot^el Corporations Truscon S ta-il Company - Youngstown, Ohio Union Drawn Stowl Company - Httrti'ord, Cornu Union Dram otssi Company - bast Haru'ord, Conn. Truscon S te a l Company - Claveieiod, Ohio Cloveind r ia n t - Cleveland, Ohio K ivar Toradcal iiailway - CiaveL*nri, Ohio O..30H h u t and D olt D ivision Cleveland, Ohio S to o l and lu bes D ivision - Cleveland, Ohio D illw ortiw 'orter S teal d ivision - Pittsburgh, Pa. Onion Drawn Steel - Massillony Ohio Union Draw Steel Division - Beaver Falls, Pa. Central Alloy District Canton Plant - Canton, Ohio Vance Iron and Steel Company - Chattanooga, Tenn, Steel and Tubes Plant - Elyria, Ohio Biles Steel Products - Niles, Ohio South Chicago Plant - Cnihago, Illinois Onion Drawn 3taal Plant - Gary, Indiana Moline Plant - Moline, Illinois Detroit Plant - Detroit, <uich. Buffalo Plant - Buffalo, N.Y. Canton Plant - Canton, Ohio Stark Plant - Canton, Ohio South Plant - Canton, Ohio Massillon Plant - Massillon, Ohio Kassilion 1 and - Kasailion, Ohio Barger ufg Co* #1 and 2 - Canton Ohio Culvert Big. Co. ffl and 2 - Canton, Ohio Brooklyn Plant - Brooklyn, N.I. Sayertoa #1 and #2 Coal Mine - Birmingham, Alabama Virginia. Coal Mine - Birmingham, Alabama Sayre Coal Mine - Birmingham, Alabama Spaulding Ore Mines - Birmingham, Alabama Spaulding Stripping Operations - Birmingham, Alabama Edwards Ora dine - Birmingham, Alabama Alabama City Plant - Alabama City, Ala Thomas Plant - Birmingham, Alabama Pikagvtllo Coal Mine - Pi&esville, Kentucky Youngstown Plant - Open Hearth Department - Youngstown, Chateangay Plant - Lyon Mountain, B.Y. Old Bed and Harmony Mines - Minevllld, 8.X. Troy Plant - Troy, H.X* Panokee Ore Mine - Ironwood, Michigan Tobin Ore Mine - Crystal ^'alls, Michigan Susquehanna Ore Mine - Bibbing, Minnesota St. Paul Ore Mine - Bibbing, Minnesota Stevenson Ore Mine - Bibbing, Minnesota Ohio - 0167 2 General Isctric Company Pittsfield Plant - iittsi-old, ^aae. Lynn Plant - Lynn, /ass* Sludra Foundries - Elnara, N.Y. Armstrong Cork Company* Lancaster Plant - Lancaster, Pa, Beaver Falls Plant - Beaver Falls, Pa* Jackson Plant -- Jackson, Miss* Pittsburg Plant - Pittsburgh, Pa* Johns Manville Products Corporation s Waukegan Plant -- Waukegan, Illinois Manville Plant and Research Division - "envilie, H ,J Nashua Plant - Nashua, New Hampshire North Billerica Plant - North Billerica, kasa* Otis Elevator Corporation* Yonkers Plant - Yonkers, N*Y* Harrison Plant - Harrison, N *J Jon33 and Laughlin Steel Corporation* Benson Mine - Star Lake, N.Y* Crede Foundries* Milwaukee Steel Divisi* - Milwaukee, Wisconsin Smith Steel Division - Milwaukee, Wisconsin Spring City Divisi* Waukesha, Wisconsin Liberty Houndry division - Wauwatosa, Wise* Bueyrus Erle Conpanyt South Milwaukee Plant - South Milwaukee, Wisconsin Evansville Plant - Evansville, Indiana Erie Plant - Erie, Pa* 0168 - Ford Instrument Company - Long Island City, U.X. hochastor Gaa and Slectric Company - hocuaater, U2. Mutual Chemical Company -- Baltimore, Maryland Diamond Alkali Company - Psinesviile, Ohio McCrory Stores - He fork City F lin tk o te Company - He Orleans, La, Allied Inoustrial Products - n Wart, Ohio Coming Gla&* Works -- Charleroi, Pa. Co rainj, K.X. Universal Foundry - Oshkosh, Wise* four Wheel DfcLvB Company - Appleton, Wise Harnishfeger Foundry - kllmauicas, Wise Bundle Manufacturing Company - Milwaukee, Wise* Eagle ^Manufacturing Company, Appleton, Wise, L&dish CompanyMilvaakee, Wise, Eastern Tool and Hanufactxulng Company - Balleville, H*T* Evening Bulletin - Philadelphia, Pa. Ccng&Leum H a i m Company - Kearney, HJ, Columbian dope Company - Auburn, HX, Eagle Pencil Company - He fork, H.I Hickok Manufacturing Company - Rochester, B.I. Bausoh and Lemb Optical Company - Hocheater, H.X, Universal Bundle Corp, - Milwaukee, Wise, Four Wheel Drive - Cliatonville, Wise, Greyhound Bus Company - San Francisco, Calif, Tydol Oil Company - San Francisco, Calif, American Can Company ~ San Francisco, Calif* Gorth American Aviation Company -- Burbank, Calif. 0169 - 4 - In addition to the linns listed, above tao Waukegan Illinois Riant ol the Joiins-iianville Products Corp aenos in oust aa&pias periodically and tuey ara analyzed by our laboratory We nave also bean conducting j. survey ol tie atmospheric conlitior.o in taa City oi Clavaland lor Republic Steel Corporation unci in tue City cl .-.ochcat-jr lor Rochester G^a and Electric Company 3RVEZS PENDING August 24, 1950 Otis levator Company Hamilton Works Ontario Canada Johns laiiville Corporation Asbestos and iiunro Mines, Canada Rational Lead Company Titanium Alloy fclg* Civ Niagara Falls B.I* Metropolitan Lila Insurance Company Niagara Falls District Cilice Niagara Falls Canada Armstrong Cock Company Dunkirk Plant Dunkirk* Ttvt-^un 0170 I I8D0STBIAL HIGIENE SDK?ES COMPLETED DRIMG !9Zg Company Armstrong Cork Company Manowell .Department Closure Plant Floor Division Beaver Falls Plant Pittsburgh Plant Diamond Alkali Company The Evening Bulletin Location Beaver Falls, Pa. Lancaster, Pa. Lancaster, Pa. Beaver Falls, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. -Pai.ne'svUXe, `.'Ohio Philadelphia, Pa. Date February 6, 1948 April 5-7, 1948 March 17-April 7, 1948 August 3-6, 1948 August 9rll, 1948 January 12-22, 1948 March 15-16, 1948 General Electric Company River Works (which Includes the Everetts Steel Foundry and the Everett Aircraft Turbine Company) West Lyxm Plant Pittsfield Plant Elmira Plant Schenectady, S. X. Lynn, Hass. West Lynn, Hass. Pittsfield, Maas. Elmira, Hew York April 19-23, 1948 June 23-July 16, 1948 July 19-23, 1948 July 26-Aug*5, 1948 Week of Sept. 27, 1948 McCrory Stores Corporation (We are conducting apodal tests for this oonoern) Otis Elevator Company New York, 8.1. Harrison, N J. July 1948 Aug. 30-Sept. 7, 1948 Rapublio Steel Corporation Study of Sodium Fluoride with representatives of the 0. S. Public Health Service. (in oonneotion with this study, Hr Febnel visited the Cleveland, Warren, Youngstown, and Cant, Ohio plante He also Bade several trips to Deo 10, 1917 to February 19, 1948 \ Washington, D. 0) i . 0171 mm 2 - Company Location Republic Steel Corporation (Continued) Union Drawn Steel Co. Hartford, Conn. Union Drawn Steel Corp. E. Hartford, Conn. Brooklyn Plant Brooklyn, N. Y. Ideal Foundry & Machinery Co. Newton Falla, 0 Niles Steel Produots Div. Niles, Ohio Warren & Niles Plant Warren-Niles, Ohio Truscon Steel Company Youngstown, Ohio Traacon Steel Company Dept. and Annex Youngstown, Ohio Corrigan-McKinney Company Cleveland, Ohio Truscon Steel Company Cleveland, Ohio Upson Nut & Bolt Company Cleveland, Ohio Steel &. Tubes Division Cleveland, Ohio Union Drawn Steel Division Beaver Falla, Pa. River Terminal Railway Cleveland, Ohio Pillworth-Porter. Division / Rochester Gas & Electric Company Pittsburgh, Pa. Rochester, H. Y. (Study of atmospheric conditions in the City of Rochester, N. X.) Teleregister Company Diamond Alkali Company East Orange, N. J. Painesville, Ohio Pate June 16, 1948 June 17, 1948 February 3, 1948 Fab. 4-5* 1948 February 3 1948 Jan 20-Fe':u 6, 1948 April 26-May 3, 1948 April 26-29, 1948 July 13-18, 1948 July 27-28, 1948 July 23-26, 1948 July 22, 1948 August 2, 1948 August 20, 1948 August 11, 1948 Jan* 26-Feb* 6, 1948 Hay 24-June 12, 1948 February 18, 1948 July 30, 1948 - "0172 Company Prudential Insurance Company (Determination of solvent vapors at Multigr&ph Units) Prudential Insurance Company (Determination of solvent vapors at Siultigraph Units) Prudential Insurance Company (Discussed feasibility of noise elimination in I.S.K. Machines) - 3location Newark, fi.J. Newark, 3$.J. Newark, N. J. Metropolitan Home Office Services (Conducted noise determinations in the Home Office Buildings) August 10,11, 12 and 13 and Sept. 9th. Sate January 9, 1948 April 9, 1948 August 10, 1948 0173 Cosnany Prudential Inaurane Cospan/ (Determination of solvent vapors at Multigraph Units) Prudential Insurance Company (Determination of solvent vapors at Multigraph Units) Prudential Insurance Company (Discussed feasibility of noise elimination in 1.3.M. Machines) Metropolitan Home Office Services (Conducted noi3e determinations in the Home Office 3uildings) 3 Location Newark, N. J. Newark, N. J. Newark, N. J. August 10,11, 12 and 13* and Sept. 9th. January 9, 1948 April 9, 1948 August 10, 1948 0173 ISiXJStaiAL aYGiJiS Sca/3S JQZFLUZED DudlSS 19A8 z' Company - Armstrong Cork Company Manosell Department L- Closure Plant U Floor Division L leaver Falls Plant / / `^Pittsburgh Plant ' Diamond Alkali Company The Droning Dullotin Location Beaver Falls, Pa. lar.oaster, ?a. Lancaster, ?a. Deavar Falla, ?a. Pittsburgh, Pa. Painesville, Ohio Philadalphia, .-a. Dat& Fabruary 6, 1948 April'5-7, 1948 iareh 17-April 7, 1948 Augtt :t 3--6, 1948 A ugun 9-11, 1948 January 12-22, 1948 March 15-16, 1948 ^General Electric Company (y River Dorics (vfalcn includes the Everetts Steal Foundry and the Everett Aircraft Turbine Ooapeay) l Tieat Lynn Plant 'Pittsfield' Plant ^ Elmira Plant Schenectady, 3. Y. Lynn, Hass* ?63t Lynn, !2ass. Pittsfield, Hass. Elaira, See York April 19-23, 1948 June 23-July 16, 1948 July 19-23, 1948 July 26-Aug.5, 1948 Hash of Sept. 27, 1948 McCrory Store Corporation (fe are oooduoting spaelel testa for th!* a o n ) Otis Elevator *-- Nee York, 8. Y. A *^* Harrison, B# J* July 1948 Aug. 30*Sept.7, 1948 Rapublio Steel orporatioo ^ Study of 8odtu* Fluoride vith representatives of ISm: 0 8 Publio Health 8erriee. (in connection vith this study, Hr* Fehnel visited the Cleveland, Verna, Youngstom, end Canton, Ohio plants Be also aade several tripe te Washington, 0 G.) Deo 10, 1947 te February 19, 1948 0 i? 4 1 Company t'apublic Steal Corporation (Continuad) Union urz.m Steal Co. v/ Union hvs.-m Steel Corp. y' Brooklyn Pleat ( / Id e a l feuh-jjcj & Jiachiaary Co. titileo Stavl Products Div. ' xy barren & Uiles Plant `"'iruueon Steel Conp-';y j^TruDCon Steal Company Beet. B and S m a x ty Qorrigen-^cSinney Company ^/Truscon Steel Company Up son Sat & Bolt Company i 1 / Stsel & lube3 Division Un ion ra*n Steel Division l/ Biver Terainal Utkilmj -^ill*orti:-?orter Division 2 Location Tlartrord, Conn. S. ilarti'ord, Conn. 3 oo>:lyn, . 7. 3r?son 'alla, 3. "il.:*, Odio "'arr3;i-fiilari, Caio i'auag.; c-m , 3io You.'.i.Jt-Ji-'n, Ohio Clev/land, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio 3 -aver Falla, ?u. Cleveland, Olilo Pittsburgh, /a. 2& June 16, 1918 June 17, 1918 February 3, 1918 r3e j February 3, 1913 Jin. 2 > F e . 6, 1918 A.rii 26-Uay 3, 1918 April 28-29, 1918 July ij-18, 1918 July 27-28, 1918 July 23-26, 1918 July 22, 1918 August 2, 1918 August 2C, 1918 August 11, 1918 l/' Rochester Cas & Sleotric Company (Study of atmospheric conditions in the City ff Bochestar, 8. I.) Rochester, S. I. Jan. 26-Feb. 6, 1918 May 21~Juae 12, 1918 V^Teleregistar Coapazy Diamond Alkali Company Sast Orango, H. J. Palnesviile, Ohio February 18, 1918 July 30, 1918 / 0175 Coapaa; Prudential Inuuranoe Goapeny (Ceteraiaation o f solvent vapors at 1'ultigrapk Units) Prudential Insuranee Coapeny (Determination of solvent vapor3 at ^altigraph Units) Prudential Insurance Company (Di3JU03ed feasibility of noise elimination in I.3.U. .'chines) - 3Location Hesaric, 3, J. Hosark, S. J. ***&f 31 J Metropolitan. Hone Office Services (Conducted noi3e determinations in the i'cas Office Buildings) ;.u,;u t ID,U, 12 end 13. and Sept. 9 th. * Dajet January 9# 1948 April 9, 1948 August ID, 1948 'Sfeafe'r? K /fy \ 0176 REPUBLIC STEEL COaPORATIOH Vance Iron & Steel Company, Chattanooga, Gulfsteel Coapany, Alabama City, Ala. Thomas Plant, Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham Coal MineSj. Birmingham, Ala. Tenn. Steel Sc Tubes Division - Elyria, Ohio Biles Steel Products - Elyria, Ohio Steel Sc Tubes Division, Femdale, Ohio Pennsylvania Coal Hines Iniicnola, Pa. Russelton, Pa. Crescent #2 Mine Clyde Mines ifl and #3 Brownsville Junction Coal Mines Chicago District South Chicago Plant Grand Crossing Plant Moline Plant Gary Plant Northern Iron Mines Troy Plant, Troy, N. I. Port Henry Plant - M. Y. L. C. & W. Railroad Port Henry, N. Y. Uinesville, R. Y. Lyon Mountain, M. Y. Youngstown, Ohio Area Youngstown Plant Lake Erie Limestone Corporation Trusooa Steel ^Company, Youngstown, Ohio Los Angmlmii California Unid&ftrawn Steel ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY Jackson, Mississippi Plant South Braintree, Maas. Plant. Camden, Hew Jersey Plant Kankakee, Illinois Plant 0177 l I*' --Vi--** FLimoJs company New Orleans, Louisiana Plant. ALLIS JHALMLSS MANOFACrdRINQ COMPANY Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Jo h n s m a n v i l l k corporation HanvJLlle, N. J. - Special Testa. ROCHESTER GAS ELECTRIC COMPAQ! We are conducting a series of tests to determine atmospheric conditions in the city of Rochester, New York WESTON BISCUIT COMPANY y Passaic, Hew Jersey GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY Mr. Patrick is at the present tine conducting special tests at the Elmira, H. . plant of the General Electric Conpany MUTUAL CHEMICAL COMPANY OP AMERICA Special consultant service. MO CROHY STORES OORPORAHQM - - 7*We a^e conducting a series of special testa. FOUR WHEEL DRIVE AUTO COMPANY Clintonville, Wisconsin UNIVERSAL FOUNDRY COMPANY Oshkosh, Wisconsin 0178 u a of n n s voi tmc*/nBsmx, joszsss m s s m i a i m m n m Sr, t i? 4 4* I I 3 * * 0 *35*5****** * s l fcC O .ff ! / INDSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEYS May 194 - April 1950 Company Republie Steel Corporation Truscon Steel Company Rochester Gas and Electric Company Mutual Chemical Company Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Nv~ Union Drawn Steel Company Diamond Alkali Company Republic Steel Corporation Truscon Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation River Terminal Railway Republic Steel Corporation Upson Nut and Bolt Division Republic Steel Corporation Steel and Tubes Division Republic Steel Corporation Dillworth-Porter Steel Division Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel General Electric Company General Electric Company Armstrong Cork Company Republic Steel Corporation Dillworth-Porter Steel Division Armstrong Cork Company 4 Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Division Location Youngstown, Ohio Rochester, N.Y. Baltimore, Maryland Hartford, Conn. East Hartford, Conn Painesville, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa. Massillon, Ohio Pittsfield, Maas. Lynn, Mass. Pittsburgh, Pa. 4 Pittsburgh, Pa. Beaver Palls, Pa. Beaver Falls, Pa. -2- Company McCrory Stores General Electric Company Johns Manville Products Corporation Republic Steel Company Central Alloy District // Canton Plant Flintkote Company Armstrong Cork Company Johns Manville Company Republic Steel Corporation Plants and Mines Republic Steel Corporation Vance Iron and Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Steel and Tubes Plant Republic Steel Corporation Niles Steel Products Republic Steel Corporation South Chicago Plant Allied Industrial Products Corning Class Works Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Plant Universal Foundry Four Wheel Drive Company Grede FouniteSi Grede Foundries' Hamishfeger Foundry Bundle Manufacturing Company Eagle Manufacturing Company Location New York City Elmira, New York / Waukegan, Illinois 1/ Canton, Ohio New Orleans, La. Jackson, Miss. Manville, N .J . Birmingham, Ala. Chattanooga, Term. Elyria, Ohio Niles, Ohio Chicago, Illinois Van Wert,* Ohio Charleroi, Pa. Gary, Indiana Oshkosh, Wise. Appleton, Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin Waukesha, Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Appleton, Wise. 0181 Company Ladish Company Bucyrus Erle Company J. I. Case Company Republic Steel Corporation Moline Plant v Bucyrus Erie Company Bucyrus Erie Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation Buffalo Plant Eastern Tool and Manufacturing Company Republic Steel Corporation Canton Plant Republic Steel Corporation Stark Plant Republic Steel Corporation South Plant Republic Steel Corporation Massillon Plant Republic Steel Corporation Hassillon #1 and 2 Republic Steel Corporation Berger Ufg. Co. #1 and,2 Republic Steel Corporation Culvert Mfg. Co. #1 and 2 Republic S$eel Corporation Truscon Steel-Company Grede Foundries, Ino. Smith Steel Division Grede Foundries, Inc.. Liberty Foundry Division Jones and Laugh1in steel Corp. Benson Mine Location Milwaukee, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Racine, Wise. Moline, 111. Evansville, Indiana Eriej Pa. Detroit, Mich. Buffalo, N. Y. Belleville, N.J. Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Massillon, Ohio Massillon, Ohio Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Milwaukee, Wise. Wauwatosa, Wise. Star Lake, N.I. Company Otis Elevator Corp. Johns Manville, Corp. Johns Hanville Corp. Evening Bulletin Congolenm Narin Colombian Rope Company Otis Elevator Company Johns Manville Corp. Hanville Plant Johns Manville Corp. Research Division Eagle Pencil Company Eickok Manufacturing Company Bausch and Lomb Optical Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation Sayreton #1 Coal Mine Sayretor #2 Coal Mine Virginia Coal Mine Sayre Coal Mine Spaulding Ore Hines Edwards Ore Mines * .' Spaulding Stripping Operations Alabama City Plant Thomas Plant Pikesvilie Coal Mine Armstrong Cork Company Floor Covering Closure Plants Location Yonkers, New York Nashua, N.E. North Billerica, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Kearney, N.J. Auburn, N.Y. Harrison, N.J. Hanville, N.J. Manville, N.J. ^ New York, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Brooklyn, N.Y. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Alabama City, Ala. Birmingham, Ala Pikesville, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. Company Republic Steel Corporation Youngstown Plant - Open Hearth Dept. Otis Elevator Company Universal Foundry Universal Rundle Corp. Four Wheel Drive Location Youngstown, Ohio Harrison, N.J. Oshkosh, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Clintonville, Wise. In addition to the firms listed above, the Waukegan, Illinois Plant of the Johns Manville Products Corp. sends in dust samples periodically and they are analyzed by our Laboratory. We also have been conducting a survey of the atmospheric conditions in the City of Cleveland for the Republic Steel Corporation, and in the City of Rochester for the Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation. SURVEYS PENDING May 1, 1950 Otis Elevator Company Hamilton Works, Ontario, Canada Coming Glass Works Coming, N.Y. Armstrong Cork Company Closure Plant - Metal Cap Johns Manville Corp. National Lead Company Titanium Alloy Mfg. Div. Niagara Falls, N.Y. Mathieson Chemical Corp. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Niagara Falls District Office Niagara Falls, Canada American Can Company Tydol Oil Company 0184 Rochester Gas and Electric Company Rochester 4, N .1. IT. . Hughes, Manager Employee Relations Department Mutual Chemical Company 1343 Block St Baltimore 31, Md C. F. Tarr Vice President .v Diamond Alkali Company P. 0. Box 430 fainesville, Ohio Dr. J. t, York Medical Director General Electric Company 1 River Road Schenectady 5, N.* Dr B. L. Vosburgh Medical Director Armstrong Cork Company Lancaster, P& Mr. A. S. Keen Safety Director Flintkote Company 31 Rockefeller Placa Mes fork 20, H.X Mr. H. P ,, Heutuer Insurance Manager /r Corning^lass Works Corning, S.. Dr. John 1. Brown Medical Dirctor s / 1.J' tfnversai Foundry b shk^h,, .fisc,. Mr./Carl^WV Mueller Vii Fotfr Clintonvtl ,lir. Bolri. 0: ' ork'Manager G redo Foundries , 0 $ South 1st S U Milwaukee, Wise' Mri'James J. Ewens 7fa President 4 Hamishfeger Foundry 4400 West .National Avenue Milwaukee 14, Wise. Mr. H. 0. Menck Vice President Rundie Manufacturing Corporation 3305 West Forest Home Avenue Milwaukee, Wise. Mr. R. J. Babemann, Personnel Manager Enameled Cast Iron Plant Eagle Manufacturing Company Appleton, Wise. Mr. Desens, President Ladish Company 54B1 S. Packard Avenue Cudahy, Wise Mr. George Bitters, Jr. Personnel Manager Bucyrus Erie Company South Milwaukee, Wise. Mr. C. K. Charlton Vice President in Charge of Manufacturing J . I . Casa Company Racine, Wise* Mr. W. . Anderson, Treasurer Eaatem Tool and Manufacturing Company 129-147 Blobtftfiald Avenue Bloomfield, H .J# Miss C. J 4 Wheelwright > Jones and Laughlih Steel Corporation 3rd Avenue and Ros S U Pittsburgh 30^JPa#-. : Mr. F. W . Kaiser : Supervisor of Safety; and Welfare Otis Elevati)r Company. 260 Eleventh Avete-';v: New Torkj.BJti.c " ` Mr. William J . Niederauer Safety Director ; PhiJjuielphil* Evening balletta Filbert andrJuniper Streets : Philadelphia:. 5*.Pi.* ; Dr. Fred Rlchardeem Medical Director 0185 -- 2- Congoleum Nairn Company Kearny, N.J. Mr* 1. A. Magnus Insurance Manager ; Hlkok Manufacturing Company Rochester, N.X. Mr. James Tfeldon Director of Industrial Relations Bausch and Lomb Optical Company Rochester, H.X. Mr. Smith, Safety Supervisor American Can Company 100 Park Ave. New fork 17, N.X. Mr. L. V. Taylor, Supervisor Health and Safety 0186 ' 7A* Republic Steel Corporation y Rochester Gas and Electric Company. ^ j )h ^ t/ 1 Mutual Chemical Company 0 ~b}***>kf^/ 3 ftp/ i x/ Diamond Alkali Company ^ ^ J v. - / General Electric Company /3/ J Armstrong Cork Company /&<-*- ^ * 0 Company ^ ^ \ r&r*~ ft* ` 1 j V ; Allied Industrial Products / Coming Glass Works h irls^ ^ " i ^ v / /// Universal Foundry ^ ^ F o u r Wheel Drive Company /dlv, (tr+Jm >i**yv CJ*Z~L^JJL j- / Grede Foundries ^fyyy^aQ f ' U - P S_ ,/ Hamishfeger Foundry fpL ''-W* o ^ '* i/ Bundle Manufacturing Company % | ^ Eagle Manufacturing Company ?7to j^LdJu^ai ' i/Ladish Company V jBxxcyrua Erie Company \/ J. 1 Case Company V Eastern Tool and Manufacturing Company / Jones and Laughlln Steel Corporation^ ^ h c *e 7 'w c *t - ~ - G ^ t j u i ^"v^^itadelphia Evening Bulletin /l4 ^ ^ & H a i i u Company / fliokok Manufacturing Company JtA*** `' . v/^Baugeh andLomb Optical Compaay*^^ -/-"American Can Company if.' /<$> *' '' -; ^^018? -''I '**:rr- Republic Steel Corporation Rochester Gas and Electric Company 4 Mutual Chemical Company Diamond Alkali Company General Electric'Company Armstrong Cork Company Flintkote Company Allied Industrial Products Coming Glass Forks Universal Foundry Four Wheel Drive Company Grade Foundries Haroishfeger Foundry Rundie Manufacturing Company Eagle Manufacturing Company , Ladish Company Bucyrua Erie Company J 1 Case Company Eastern- Tool and Manufacturing Company Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation - ^ Qt^ | :- U v ^tor Coap*oy Philadelphia Evening Bulletin /I Congaleum M a i m Company Hickok Manufacturing Company Bausch and Lomb Optical Company American Can Company 0188 MEMORANDUM MR. LINCOLN VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL. February 27, 1955 Yesterday I suggested that Dr. Lanza and I would like to go over our current activities and certain recent developments in the field of dust in industry, in a conversation with you, so that all angles of the situation could be considered in connection with our routine activities and special appropriations. Dr. Lanza has endeavored to summarize his views in the attached memorandum, and it occurs to me,'if you have time, that it will be helpful to look this over prior to our conference. T7e could then no doubt get the benefit of your reactions in a very few minutes, and can perhaps.present certain anglea of the situation more compactly in this memorandum than could be done In conversation. t "iV 1 ;v '* *'v I suggested a reply to General Cunning's letter concern ing the silicosis research with'the Public Health Service that in- dicated the belief^ihatr'our perticipe.tion in this particular activity ' should be terminated, 'uniess thieparticipation of other agencies' might later seen to justify cur continuation on modified basis. The.field is really.ofgreat importance, and a little staler in the research aspect of,it?"Jointly with the leading'Government agency in the field, may actually be quit dvantaigeous and logical in view of the significance of the'dust .`problem to our extensive Group and Industrial interests aid in view of the' routine services now carried out by the Industrial Health Section primarily for Group policyholders, J and largely in this dust field, as indicated by Dr. Lanza's memorandum. c-` D. B. Armstrong, M.D. Third Vice-President. JL rn^fj-r T h r DE. APW2TH0NC THTBD VICE Pr.ESIDlST With reference to our recent ccnver3atirn, I will endeavor to summarize the present status of the dust question in industry and our re lation to it. < Viewed broadly, the problem of du3t in industry is the problem of tuberculosis in industry. Conversely, it may be stated that the problem of tuberculosis in this country today is an industrial one. It is true that the death rate iron tuberculosis in general has been steadily falling for a num ber of years. It is also true that the vital statistics in this country and abroad show definitely an inordinate amount of tuberculosis in what might be summarized as the dusty trades. The specific action of silica dust is well known as is the fact that those exposed to silica dust have an extremely high tuberculosis doath rate.t - In the last few years, there has been an extraordinary number of damage suits'1 brought by employees against employers on the basis of exposure to silica dust so that at the present time it Is estimated that these damage suits are wellj * in excess of 100,000,000. How there is a very narked tendency of employees who are expfefled to dust other than silica dust to bring damage suits against yP their employers, alleging pulmonary injury and this state of affairs has pro- gressed to a point where whole industries are in a turmoil, handicapped on thej_*^ one hand by lack of definite knowledge of the action of these duets on the lungs^ and on the other by the inadequacy of the law to protect them. -S3J The Metropolitan has had a co-operative agreement with the Public Health Service (formerly with the Bureau of. Hines) to carry on dust studies. - As the budget was originally set up for. the richer Clinic, the mine operators' (Group policyholders) .contributed 16,000 a year, the Government $8,000 a y .and the Metropolitan $8,000 a year. Later when.the Picher Clinic was turned, over to the operators, our relationship with the Public Health Service continue Both we and the Public Health Service contribute $8,0C0 a year' for co-operativo I dust studies. ... ' ~ " He have also contributed $5,000 a year for several years to the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis for studies ca the pcthologici effects of dusts. Last year, this office was instrumental in getting both the" Association of Stock Casualty Ccsapnies and the Association of Mutual Casualty Companies each to contribute $5,000 a year. The object of these studies, particularly at Saranac, has been to increase our knowledge of the action of silica dust in the body, its relationshl| to tuberculosis, end the determining of methods of prevention and control of i " the silica dust hazard. With respect to the Public Health Service, we have beoi. more concerned with formulating accurate and speedy methods of determining whaifo any given dust is harmful and as a matter of fact, such a technique has boen 3i!^ iiV* V fsa;) . Dr Ann^tr^n/! - 2 1 ^ dfcVt-lrpcd by Dr. Sayers slid his associates. All kinds of dust huve :een isrtea by this method, including- limestone, kaolinite, celcite, tripc-U , gyreun, capstone, carborundum, anthracite coal, bituminous coni, rrecipitator ash, talc, foundry dust, fullers earth, feldspar, asbestos, and others too numerous tc men tion, hut all representing dustc to be found in various plants of our Group policyholders. " Our Industrial hygiene Section is being continually consulted on the rs technical aspects of wording of proposed laws, regulations, and cedes dealing with the dust problem. For several years, this Section lias been engaged in field studies designed to determine the ecope, severity, and the hazard iron sill--' ca dust and other'dusts in industrial plants. Host of those studies have been restricted to the plants of Group policyholders in accordance with our declared policy. Tihera studies have been made on an industry wide basis, they have in-, eluded plants not covered by Group insurance. I night mention, for instance, the study of the foundries in TTisconsin and the preliminary asbestos study. The d.i-'S Industrial hygiene Section is now engaged in completing the final study on as bestos and will then take up the ceramic industry in New York State. This latter study will Include some of..our.important Group policyholders such as the General Eelectric Company, the Carborundum Company, tie Corning Class Company, and others 'So important has this.subject become and so great is the interest taken, in it that in January of this year, a conference was held at the Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh, to which were invited representatives of eighty-five Industries and manufacturing plants, for the purpose of considering what might be dene in the way of concerted action dealing with research into the medical aspects of the dust problem, engineering methods for the control of dust hazards, and legal pro-~` cedurea with reference to laws, codes, and regulations. About two hundred repre-> 1 sentatives of various industries were present at this meeting and a Temporary .Com^ mittee was formed, consisting of one representative each from the following in-' dustries: * 111Asbestos, Cork and ncn-eetallic; Chemical, Abrasives, Alloy and non-ferrous meuals; Foundries? Glass Sand, Ground Sand and Glass Manufacturers? (5) Iron, Steel end Iron Cre (6) Limestone, Cement end Gypsum (7) Refractories, Ceramics end CIcys The Chairman of this Committee is Mr. Roger A. Eitchinc, President of the' American Refractories Institute, and the organization work was largely done by V.r. A. Yf. Sherwood, Vice President nf the Owens-Illinois Glass Company, and head ing up the glass sand, and ground p&nd and glass manufacturers. u' . '* v Last week, Mr. Sherwood and Mr. Hitchins spent an aftorUoon with me, lining their plana and endeavoring to formulate their procedure. It, was madn per^ foctly plain to me,-both by these two gentlemen and others that thetlnUU|7trios. rim.:, , i : laiH aifK m & SG B i a f a W v 9 *! It . i.r:nstiong - 5 represent are looking to the Metropolitan for advice and leadership In this en deavor to set up & co--ordinerting agency to deal vith dust prohlerro. Mr. Hitch ins tola me that he had received c letter Tree Mr. Genthcitz, Counsel for the hepubiic Steel Company, stating that his Comparer would not be interested in this Pittsburgh .lan unless I wore associated with it; also that he had received a letter to sinilar effect from Rr. E. 0. Jones cn behalf of the National Founders Association. I told Kr. Kitchins and Ur. Shervrocd that i would be glad to fca of any ~>casihle help in tha way of advice and consultation but that I could net, .nearest myseif in tills undertaking in any more active nay. Naturally, it io our large Group policyholders who have the nest vital interest in this whole dust problem, such as the General Electric Company, the t_* Tiestinghousa Electric Company, Jones and Laughlin, Pickans-Mathor, General Motors,* Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, the gypsum and cement companies* Since this meeting, I have been consulted by representatives of both the Republic Steel ..Company and the American Car and Foundry Company, both-^t incidentally, very active prospects for Group insurance. Vy Appended to this memorandum is a list of the various porsons who pnrtici-- pated in the Mellon Institute^meeting. I mention all. this to shew how wide-spread1" and active is the interest of these large manufacturing companies, cany of vhem are numbered among our Group policyholders. ^ In a paper presented before the National Tuberculosis Association two years ago, -Lansa and Vane estimated on a conservative basis that there were ever half a million industrial workers exposed to silica dust and that the problem of - family infection due to incident tuberculosis in many instances is a serious one. "' I do not know whether this, effort to set up a co-ordinating agency deal with dust problems in Industry will be successful or not. I am inclined to. - " think that there are possibly too many divergent interests represented in tha group that was brought together at Pittsburgh to get concerted action from them.' ^ But there is no'.questioh in ny mind that many of the largest industries in the country are looking to the Metropolitan as the one place where they can get sccur-- ate and impersonal guidance In dealing with the problem that at present is a seriou: menace to them from an economic standpoint. This is true also of the casualty in surance companies with whose representatives both Dr. McConnell and I have had many conferences in the past two years. ( As you well know, we have been extremely careful to keep away from all litigative and legislative matters and there is a pretty general realization now in industry that we cannot be approached on these two phases of the subject. The effect of this has been, I think, to strengthen our position; there is a general feeling that we have no ax to grind and that our motives are in accord with cur general policy of being willing to help as far as practicable, in any undertaking' ^ that has to do with the conservation of human life. , '7 iimmurnBiii ///-i ~~ J Representatlvafl-t Silicosis Moating Aigeltinger, Arthur, Southern `huel Company, 230 Park Avenue, Nuw York, II. Barrett, L. P., Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, 201 J. & L. Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. A llen , C. H., Staff Supervisor, Safoty Jc Training, The American Boiling Mill Company, Middletown, Ohio. Bartholomew, Tracy, Buquesno Slag Company, diamond Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Allen, W. D., Personnel dirctor, Simonds Saw and Steel Company , Lockport, K. . Amos, l/. F., Manager of Compensation, Bethlehem Steel Company, Inc., Bethlehem, P~ Anderson, M. M., Aluminuio Company of America, Gulf Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Atwood, F. U., Uarbi8on-Walkor Refractories Co., 1armors Bunk Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Avey, dan M., (American Foundrymen* s Assoc.) Ponton Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio. ayers, E. M., President, Ayors Mineral Company, Zanesville, Ohio. Banker, E. 0., Gen. Supt., Ponna. Glass Sand Corporation, Barmiflll'W . C i ^ a loungotown hot> origiovd) hio. Beal, Goo. D., Ass't. Dirt-cior, Uollon Instituto, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bonnett, R. H., The Boldon Brick Company, Canton, Ohio. Burg, Dr. Chas. F., (United *nginuoring & Foundry) 858 Lockhart Struct, H.S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Buyer, R. A., Central Tubo Company, Ambridgo, Pa. Bidwoll, K. ., ProBidont, Abingdon Sanitury Mfg. Co., Abingdon, 111. Blank, E. F., Jones & Laughlin Stool Company, 511 doss Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Blommai'S, P., II. II. iioburtson Company, 2000 Grant Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. JBole, Ralph B., "^nginooring"Dopartmont, < 'if1 H^ibtirgH'Pi.t Glass Company, ^ Irah.i uliolngi *C|3 *< ,,*--7*3.v*i%!T 7 ;.tj ?i*r!wt3 -.A. . . .2 Bovard, Dr, Paul G., rdloghany Stool Company, drackonridgo, pa. Brandt, A. D., Willson Products, Inc,, loading, Pa. Brown, Martin, vUnited Zinc Smelting Corporation) .V:junuBvillo, Y7. Va. Drown, Vandiver, J.dins-Manvillti Corporation, I!'! i2*i3t 40th Street, New York, N. Y. Burke, J. ., President, National Ready Mixed Concrete a s s o c ., J. X. Davison & Bro., 42nd & Davison Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Campbell, C. <4., Aoppers Company, iwppors Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Campbell, iS. J., Vice Pzvs., Sun Sand Company, Tnayer, Vf. Va. Campbell, John, 'agio Pi eher Load Company, Joplin, Mo. (Box 573) carman, C. F,,, President, National Silica Works, Eerkoloy Springs, T. Va. Carr, J. 0., Allegheny Stool Company, Erackenrldge, Pa. Chivorc, Dr. J. H., toodicul Dopt., Corwith Plant, Crane Company, Chica^oi'lli. ' 1 '-r Chormatin, 0. t*>' v' Tha Pfaudloi* Company, Hocho#tor, ft* t* .. -i'i'r'-r - C la re, R. Linn, Fodoral Suaboard Torro Gotto C o rp . Noodbridgo, N. J. Collord, George L., The Shonango Furnace Coap.ny, 812 Olivor Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Cyuchnon, A. R ., (Crushed Stone, Sand & travel & Slag Industrios) 1004 Baltimore Trust Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Crotchor, L. H., iss't. Direct .r, Mellon Instituto, Pittsburgh, Pa. Crow, J. A., Ayers Uinorol Company, Zanosvillo, Ohio. Cronin, Wm. J., Secretary, Manufacturer's Committee, Automobile Manufacturers Associiti General Motors Building, Detroit, Mich. Cummings, Donald ., Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, Edward L. Trudeau Foundation, Irunwood, Mich. Curtis, A. J. R., Portland Cement Association, 55 West Grand Avenue, Chicago, 111. Davidson, W. IV., Personnel Diroe fj The Babcock & Wilcox Tube Co., Bayonne, N. J. ^ Davids, J. D., Mine Safety Appliancoa Company, Braddocjc, Thomas & Meado Straote, Pittsburgh, Pa. ^ SaVio, c; r;.t Thd Culurislbg Compuny, .-.400 H i U AvuhUo, ~tfiikinBburgj Pa. :? I -5- bavlson, E. K., J. K. Davison & laro., 3Vnd it Davi con Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ellis, L. a ., Director of Safety & Violfare, Whling Steal Corporation, Uhealing, W. Va. Dickey, C. VJ., Manager, Compensation Division, Service Dept., zj. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co/J ine., .'ilmtngton, Del. Engel, Dr. 1'. C., Wolfara Director, Tha Corrigan, McKinney Ste^J. Co. Cleveland, Ohio. Dodgo, J. S., Insurance Manager, Pittsburgh Plate Olaas Company, Grant Building, Pit-tuDurgh, Pn. Jonoghue, Thos. K., Safety Engineer, Pittsburgh Plato Class Co., ureighton, Pa. borfon, M. I., oust Collecting Division, Dlaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pn. orimeor, Dr. C. K., 55 Shnttuck Stroot, Bouton, Mass. arinker, Dr. Philip, iisrvord School of Public Ho;ilth, 55 Van Dyke Stroot, Dojton, Maos. DuBois, H. 8., Consolidated Feldspar Company, P. 0. Box BCD, Dust Liverpool, Ohio. Dunbar, F. B., Plckand3, Mather & Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Filoer, Vi. T., Youngstown Shoot & Tube Cor.p.ny, Youngs tnvTn, Ohio. Flint, F. C., Hazel Atlas Glass Company, fcaehington, Pa. Fox'd, Karl L ., Glass Container Association, 19 Wost 44th Stroot, Now York, N. Y. Franzhcim, C, U., Consolidated Fuldspar Corporation, P. 0. Box 205, Wheoling, V/. Va. Brary, Dr. F. C., noaoorch Laboratory, Aluminum Company of America, Now Kensington, Pa. B'unston, S. K., Attapulgus Cl.ay Company, 260 South Broad Stroot, Philadelphia, Pa. GuhxTQan, Dr. G. H., Modical Director, Sorvico Dopt., K. I. du Pont de Noinours & Co., Inc. , Wilmington, Dol. ourham, Goorgo T., Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, UlnUitolnU Trust *B#uUi**ld**i*n*Cg,,|. ;- Cleveland.* Ohhiio'... -- Elliot, A. lit i Southarti W o o l P.80 Park Avohtiiij'... ", Now York, tt. y . - : v Gonthnlts, A. J., Ass't. Gen. depublic Stool Corporation, -- a.:. Bopulxlio^Btdlding, _-f**-a-ff"--tAw---1, Ofihttiio;i v% ` Attorney, - -1P<&wii' 4.M.J '- Cork Company, fru. : .:v . y Gibson, A. C., ' ;-''' Spang, Cholfant ic Company, Inc., Etna, Pa. ...r^ >* - .I^' Hatard, W. G, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Tolodo, Ohio. Glase, Or. S. J., Jr., Hoilman, Dr. LJ. H., Company Surgeon, Allagheny Stool Company, American Sheet & Tin Plata Co., Brackcnridgo, Pa. FricK Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Honsol, H. G., Safety Director, Youngstown Shoot & Tube Company, Grau, Karl, 2111 Conway Building, The 3abcock & Wilcox Tuba Co, 17 th Street St 21st Avonuo, Youngstown, Ohio. Beaver Falls, Pa. Horr, H. T., Jr., J. 8. McCormick. Company, Croono, F. L., 25th and A, V. R, R., General Refractories Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Clnysburg, Pa. Herron, Dr. Thos. B., hall, A. B. T Mill Doctor, Hasel-Atlas Glass Company, Pittsburgh Steel Company, Wheeling, W. Va. Hall, J. T., Monessen, Pa. Hall China Co., haro, H. R., East Livcroool. Ohio. Hirth, A. C.f Safety & halfare DirEEiSP;-- Williams, Evorsaan & Morgan, IrtcKuosport Tin PlatoCoopany, " ~I" Board of Trade Building, Mcoosport, Pa. - -- .. . Tolodo, Ohio. Harrington, Dr. F. B., Chief Surgeon, . - Weirton Stool Company, Vieirton, W. Va. '* :, `;v . ~ -- `` ^Hitchins,* Roger A., President, >'American Refractorio3 Institute, , 1608 Walnut Street, 'k Philadelphia, Pa. narvey, Dr. A. M., Crane Company, Chicago, 111. Harvey, o. F., American Car & Fo m d r y Company,_ _ 50 vihurch Street,' New York, N. . Hatch, J. W., Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. Co., Abingdon, 111. Hay, uussel G., Ayers Minorai Company, Zanosvillo, Ohio. Haythcrn, Dr. Samuol R ., Singer Memorial Laboratory, Allegheny Ganoral Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. V/4 "yf> nodes, Dr. Philip, Cniversity Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. v Holbrook, A., . -School of Mines, -.T University of Pittsburgh, "Pittsburgh, Pa* -feoyt, C. ., .tmoricah Foundrymcn* a Association, 222 Host Adons Strcot, Chicago, 111. Huggins, G. L., Ganoral Bloctrio Company, 818 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Huth, Gordon c., Uanagor, Buroau of S&foty and casualty, niverflal Atlas Coment Company 208 8* LnSollo Stroat, Chicago, 111. Johnson, George V/., Excel Bior Supply Company, 34th Stroet and a . V. il, R., Pittsburgh, Pa. i^roaa, F* J* Prosident, F* J. Kroso Dox Company, /' 1 28th Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Johnston, Dr* John, U. S. Stool Corporation, 71 Broadway, How York/ N. Y. Joncs, E. 0., Ivbional Founders Association, 23 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, 111, Joncs, F. Robertson,- Assoc, of Casualty & Surety Executives, 1 Park avenue, Nuw York, N, Y. Kuechlu, Benjamin, Employers Mutual Inourancj C;.., Wausau, Wis. Kurtz, Thou. N., North American Refructorius Co. Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lanza, Dr. A. J., Assistant Medical Director, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. 1 Madison Avonuo, Now York, II. Y. Jones, Dr. R. R., Medical Director, Boll Telephone Company, 416 Seventh Avimuo, Pittsburgh, Za, Junkin, Hays i., Knox, Stroues & Bragdon, 1725 Juniata Street, N.S., Pittsburgh^ Pa. V. Kahl, J. C., Manager, United Engineering A Foundry Vandergrift, Pa. Co., Kail or, J. M., Manager of Foundries, American Car & Foundry Company, 1558 South Vondoventer Avenue, St* Louis, Mo. Kelly, Dr. J. C., (McKeooport Tin Plate Company) 219 Sixth Avenuo, McK.oo3port, Pa. Kennedy, Dr. P. H., Youngstown Sheet A Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio* Keplingor* k *.b Metropolitati Pdvig Brick Co*| Cahton, Ohio* Luitzel, F. 0., Blaw-Knox Company, Pittoburgh, Pa. Loscollotte, R. F., Armstrong Cork Company, Beaver Falls, Pa. Lindsay, Harry B., Sec.-Trees., Grinding Wheel Manufacturers n .27 Elm Street, Worcester, Mass. .. `Logan, A. E., Mgr., : Safety & Welfare Department, American Sheet and Tin Plato Co Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lohiaan, H. W., United Zinc Smelting Corporate Moundsvillo, W. Va. Loxtermun, H. B., Blnw-Knox Company, ..Pittsburgh, Pa. Lutton, C. L., Safety Director, ^JiH.-C* Frick Coke, Company, ^Prick BuildingJmnqxj #PitipburgBi' Pa. )/&&>> t *-'.*. V-rff\>' OEE?N.' ? "' ^ v- ` r-W1,V.-. wA~-*i>^*OTV-V&f ?, '-^..'-yAJSap McArn, 13, G,, Works Mgr, Allis-Chalmera Manufacturing Co, N,S., Pittsburgh Pa. Morfoot, F, G., OWuns-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio. McConnoughy, Dr, J. B., Murphy, Walter B., Aluminum Company of America, Director of Plant Personnel, New Kensington, Pa. Atlantic Eofining Company, 3144 Passyunk Avenuo, McCord, Br. Carey P., Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Health Conservancy Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. Nichols, K. W., Tho Floridin Company, McCullough, Or. J. F., Warren, Pa. 501 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburgh, Pa, . Osmond, Dr. L. II., McKibben, A. H., Macbeth-Evans Glass Compuny, "SOI Jonkins Arcado, Pittsburghj' Pa. Charleroi, Pa. l J . P o n d e r g r a s s , v Dr. Egcnc P., Maclachian, Or. W, . G,, Medical arts Building, Cnivarsity Hospital, Philndolphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. .v. .7 `: ' Potara, Br.'fS. E., Honor, J ^ M . ,`Vice Prosident, Consolidated Feldspar Company, `"V (Mino Doctor, Pgh. Steel) Masentoro, Pa. iiast Liverpool,. Ohio. ~ r.^ ~ 'Pierco, H. L., Marshall,' J .G., t- - " Union Carbide Company, P\ Tho K. A. Harina Campony, . Cleveland, Ohlo. Niagara Falls, N. . Uather, S. L., Vice President, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company^ Union Trust" Building, X - .V Piorco, H. U., Mino Safety Appliances Comp.my, Braddock, Thomas & Ue&de Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. Cleveland,. Ohio;. .? :,-s . Pitt, Hilljam J., M&tthews, T. C., ..V'I, . Pennsylvania Pulvorising Company OeVilbisa C ompany, Toledo, Ohio. Leiriston, Pa* Mawhinney, r. Neri, Morcy Hospital, Pittsburgh, P. Poistor, R* S.Vico Pres, in Charge of Operations, Alan Wood Stool Company, Conshehockon, Fa. -4 ... . * H t*' * W, < Meitor, Dr. . G., Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Liability Inatiranca Company of Wisconsin, 800 Empire Building, Milwaukee, Mis. Miller, H. Q., Chief. Bureau of Smoko Regulation. Department of Public Haalth, Pittsburgh, Pa. ....... ,S Poth, J 1., Jr., American Radiator Company, 40 Woat 40th Stroot, Now York, N. Y. Powell, A R., hoppora Research Corporation, Kppers Building, Pittsburgh, Pn. * . O&J Prescott, W. Ii., Jr., Pickonds, Mathor & Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 'Sayers, Dr. R. R., Vr.: 0. S. Public Hualth Sorvico, Washington, D. C. Price, Charles M., Scott, MacLeish & Falk, 134 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, 111. Schultz, H. A., U. S. Stool Corporation, 71 Broadway, Now York, N. Y. Putnam, John F., National Silica Company, Oregon, 111. Racine, C. H. Williams, Everaman * Morgan, 2nd National Bunk Bldg., Toledo, Ohio. SchsToim, H o m y J., Socrotary, '1 Gypsum Asociatijn, 211 liest Tackar Drive, Chicago, 111. Sherwood, A. ?/., Vica Prus., Owens-Illinois Glass Company, - Toledo, Ohio. Randall, Clarence B, Vice Pres.j -'rShipley, R. A., - Inland Steel Company^ f,.. .?.National Fireproofing Corporation, 1st National Bank Bldg., - . iy,Fulton Building?*1 ' " . ' 53 South Dearborn. Street, , C- *.1-; ^ - Pittsburgh, Pa Chicago, Illi'-' /as$rr*t# -p>*. \ .r Reynolds, Paul F.',' v" > * Qglebay, Norton'* ConpanyV ' 1 '. Chief of Nodical Service, fuV ^Bethlehem Stool Company, Inc., The Hanna Building, ' l-'*;':'sr v . . ^ Betldohqm, Pa. Cleveland, Ohio.!. .. v ^ ' V 7'^- i i-V^: Riddell, J. Murray,^''- / ' Manager of Minos,' Tha Corrigan, McKinney Steal Co., Cleveland, Ohio.' r ' ' Rose, Fi. A., ' Pickands, Mathor & Company, Cleveland, Ohio. ^ ^ g ^ U o I l c n Institute,- -\y /^Pittsburgh, Pa. , ,, Stcffo, Paul R., ,,-'wiiv* ."N. & 0. Taylor Company, : ---* *'Cumberland, lid. -^or> ur_ r_ Rousseau, A.,' - A ' Grinding Whoul .Manufacturers Assoc;* Norton Company* *" Worcester, Mass. Rupert, F. F.* Mellon Instituto*. Pittsburgh, Pa* ..:***&**. .??" ?? tU X* Tannor, P. Si* Uni tod Engineering & Foundry Cc., Vandorgrift, Pa. -'ofr-- r.vi.r , ; o " Thachf* Fi-Bi* Ass't. Con* Mgr., Intorlnke Itoti Corporation* 552 S i Michigan': Avenue * * * S Thomas, Wm. E., 3abcock & Wilcox Tuba Company, Beaver Falla, Pa. Thornton, George, Vice Pres,, Ottawa Silica Company, Ottawa, 111. Tillotson, E, W,, Ass't. Director, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. Titus, V<. C., Personnel Director, Allegheny Steel Company, _r Brackenridgoi Pa. . Tour, Sam, ExecSec., Hon-Fesrrrous Foundry Association foir T d Indus trial'Recovery, Weeks, H. J,, Manager, Employment, Safety & Welfart: Dopnrtroc American Steal & Wire Ccnpar.y, Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio. Hoidlcin, E. R., Director, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. Well, Dr. G. C., Morey Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. Williams, Marshall, y t o m i w n Bridge Company, Frick Building," .. . Pittsburgh, Pa. :~rJ ; . 'K Valentin/ Dr A , C .,; i -a , H o m y Oisston & Sons^ Inc./ _ Pittsburgh, Pa. ;; PhUadelphia,:PA,~r " ^ B M ^ ^ ^ K U s o n , L'. C., Works Mgr., ' ^ ' '? ^ 5 ^ ^ | ^ ^ ' R o a d i n g - P r a t t & Cady Company, Van Hagan, H. H., < - . .yt/p - .Rending, Pa. Certain-Teed Products Corporation, ' '*,s ' - .Beayer_&`Mllltary `Hrad3,V-r^ " ' ~Woods, W.J., Buffalo/Til/I. ,-r'.Pennsylvania Pulverizing Company, vosfly, S* Ct| - W. W. Sly Manufacturing Company/r^' Cleveland/ Ohio. W n.T'T"* "`T ? -7 `' _Voss, J. .A*, Director, of Industrial Relations, _' Republic Steel Corporatioh/^j *"' *Republic Building, - Youngstown,.Ohio. \- [_ Watersj T* G;* Pennsylvania Pulverizing Company, Lewiston, Pa. Watson, Ai L.| Koppors Company, tappers Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. ?/ebor, Gt J.j Astoc. of Mfrs*- of Chilled Car Wheels, 1847 McCormick Biiilding, _ Chicagoi 111. -/V ' Woody, G. V., Uanagor, Pittsburgh District, Allis-Chalmors JUfg- Company, Koppors Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. -*v Bychgol, Dr. James II., American Stool & Tiiro Company, Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio; Iansan, C* R., Secrotary, Code Authority, Sandstone Industry, 11?.S Builders Exchange Building, Cleveland, Ohio. Taht, Wiiiiam P.j Bureati of Mined, 4800 Ported' Street^ Pittsburgh^' Pa; ' : a. J - ' V, Xodor, Ray/ Standard Stbol Works Company, BUrnhaia') M ifflitiC o ., Pa. V -V -t -S' .vJC* - W a > "1 MEMORANDUM MR. LINCOLN VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL. February 27, 1955 'y y / A' Yesterday I suggested that Dr. Lanza and I would like to go over our current activities and certain recent developments In the field of dust In Industry, in a conversation with you, so that all angles of the situation could be considered in connection with our routine activities and special appropriations. Dr. Lanza has endeavored to summarize his views in the attached memorandum, and it occurs to me,' if you have time, that it will be helpful to look this over prior to our conference. Tie could then no doubt, get the benefit of your reactions in a very few minutes, and can perhaps.present certain angles of the situation more compactly in this memorandum than could be done in conversation. I suggested a reply to General Cunning's letter concern ing the silicosis research with'the Public Health Service that i n - dicated the belief^tha-j^ur participation in this particular activity/ should be terminated, unless the/participation of other agencies' might later sees to justify.our "continuation on modified basis. The.field is really.ofgreat importance, and a little statar in the research aspect of, it/"jointly with th leading'Government agency in the field, may actually be 'quite advantageous and logical in view of the significance of th' dust/problem to .our extensive Group and Industrial interests and in view of the' routine services now carried out by the Industrial Health Section primarily for Group policyholder and largely in this dust field, as indicated by Dr. Lanza's memorandu LEAD poisoning in industry V. J. McConnell. M.D. * * * Presented at Pall Meeting of the Home Office Life Underwriters ' Association November 16, 1958 LEAD POISONING IN INDUSTRY V. J. McConnell. M.D.* Among the diseases resulting from conditions of employment, lead Intoxication still ranks predominant, principally "because, apart from iron and steel, lead is most widely used in the industries, "being encountered In more than 200 industries. Practically all forms of lead are toxic, the degree of toxicity depending upon their solubility in human tissues. The oxides and basic lead carbonate and acetate are among the most soluble and, therefore, the most readily toxic forms. The most important sources of poisoning In industry are the fumes and dust which are inhaled by workers habitually exposed to a contaminated atmosphere. According to Legge and Ooadby (1912) absorption through the respiratory tract Is a hundred times more important than by the gastro intestinal tract. Lead Inhaledis more rapidly and more surely toxic than lead Ingested. Minot's studies in cats showed the danger and rapidity of absorption from the respiratory tract. She found from analyses of all the organs that as much lead may be absorbed in one day from a single injection into the respiratory tract ae from gastrointestinal exposure lasting for months. Vhen lead is ingested some or most of It may be eliminated unchanged from the body and the greater part of that portion which is absorbed is taken up by the liver A re-excreted into the intestinal tract "by way of the bile. The influence of lead upon the human body depends largely upon the length of the exposure to the poison and its quantity, the rate of absorption Presented before Home Office Life Underwriters * Association, November 16, 1958 Hotel Pennsylvania, N.Y.C. -2 - into the system, the state of health at the .time, and individual susceptibility. Anything that lovers resistance in the worker increases his chance of lead intoxication. Alcoholism, pulmonary tuberculosis, and syphilis are conditions recognized as favorable to lead absorption. Mouth breathing, vide atrophic nasal passageways, absence of nasal hairs, removed turbinates, and other defects encountered in individuals are important physical factors. There also is the question of age and sex, experience having shown that young adults are more liable -to become affected and that women are more readily adversely Influenced hy lead than males. These factors must be given consideration when endeavoring to establish threshold dosages. Lead absorption does not necessarily mean lead poisoning. The distinction is based on the presence or absence of one or more of the toxic episodes. Since industrial poisoning is usually chronic in -type our chief interest lies in those workers who receive dally into the system minute quantities of lead, where elimination almost equals absorption, and where, therefore, intoxication is slowly Induced. The quantities of lead sufficient to cause chronic poisoning have been variously estimated to be from one-tenth of a milligram to two milli grams dally entering the body over a period of years. Much Information of a quantitative nature with respect to lead absorption, storage and elimination has been presented during recent years by the very careful studies of Aub and his co-workers in Harvard University and by Kehoe and his associates of the University of Cincinnati andP. Schmidt of Halle. Pairhall's perfection of the titrimetric chromate method for the detection and quantitative estimation of small amounts of lead in biological material provided the first precise method for detecting quantities of lead as little as 0.1 mg. -5 - Other method hare luce been developed vhich are very promising. The colorimetric diphenyltbiocartattne (dithizone) method of Fisher, although ex tremely sensitive, unfortunately is not apeoific for lead. Other metals give almost identical colors even after the addition of cyanide. Unless zinc and tin, 'which are normally excreted and present in the excreta in larger anoints than lead, are properly evaluated, they may be accounted as lead. However, most of these difficulties have been overcome by slightly modifying the method. The use of the spectrograph for analytical determinations is rapidly finding ' r popularity and may eventual prove to be the method of choice. A German investigator, F. Tins., proposes a darlcfleld method by which he claims It is possible to detect fine amounts of heavy metal in the organism] that it is also possible to learn how the metal penetrated/ where it is deposited and how its mobilization by medicaments takes place. Lead absorbed in excess of lead eliminated is carried by the blood stream to various organs and tissues in the body where it may be temporarily retained, but eventually re-enters the Circulation and finally is either ex creted or deposited, as confirmed by the Harvard investigators, in the calcareous portion of the bones in insoluble form in a manner similar to the deposition of calcium. It la during the course of absorption into the body or liberation from 4 the tissues under unfavorable physiological conditions that symptoms of poisoning occur. The damage produced by lead, ae suggested by Straub, is the result of the summation of the injuries inflicted by its recurrent presence in the blood in infinitesimal quantities. It is, however, controversial at the present time Whether or not under Ordinary circumstances changes in bodily metabolism can later render the lead thus stored in the bones soluble again and set it free into 4 the circulation causing poisoning without further exposure. It has been -k - demonstrated "by Aub and his associates, nevertheless, that at least a portion of this stored lead oan be released by medication with weak acids end low calcium Intake. As is true of many of the industrial poisonings, the symptoms of lead poisoning were noted long before they were attributed to the aotion of lead. Although lead as the cause of the symptoms was perhaps first recognized by Hippocrates, the great work of Tanquerel des Planches, containing material collected from 1200 cases of lead poisoning is so complete that later etudies have added little to our knowledge of the symptoms and signs of lead intoxica tion. Ihere is still a wide difference of opinion as to vhat constitutes a oase of chronic lead poisoning. So far there does not appear to be a common basis for diagnosis. Some years ago Dr. Alice Hamilton illustrated this fact in giving tiie views of two physicians, cone of wham, considered "anemia and lead line" as a mild case, while with the other nothing less than "a severe attack of colic, constipation, nausea, and vomiting, requiring medical care for two weeks," would be termed a mild case. Appelbach enumerates constipation, pallor and anemia, colic, stippling, blue line, and tremor as the cardinal symptoms of lead poisoning. Legge gives the earliest symptoms as changes in the vascular system, wasting of the subcutaneous fat, pallor and drawn expression of the face. Linenthal believes that a history of exposure to lead Justifies the diagnosis of lead poisoning in patients presenting obscure symptoms which cannot otherwise be explained. He regards seriously pallor of the skin, muscular weakness, or constipation alternating with diarrhea, abdominal pains, general nervousness, and persistent headaches, when Occurring in persona exposed to lead, for they may be the precursors of the more serious changes* -5 - Although it is true perhaps that the term "lead absorption" is some times used when the evidence more nearly admits a diagnosis of true intoxication, the distinction is often difficult. The detection of evidence of absorption, however, is important because it permits removal of the exposed individual before symptoms develop, and at a time when it is possible to avert further trouble. In addition' it points to the necessity for adequate hygienic control of lead processes. Although lead found in the feces is suggestive of lead absorption, it may merely mean that lead has passed unchanged through the alimentary tract. / lead in the urine is of greater clinical significance for it is an Indication of absorption, as is also the lead line on the gums, and the presence of increased stippling in the blood. Evidence of the past few years indicates that stippling together with polychramasia and reticulation are but different manifestations of one phenomenon - idle presence of basophilic substances. It is suggested that greater diagnostic dependence be placed upon examination for the totality of erythrocytes containing basophilic material. According to McCord blood of normal human adults rarely contains more than 1$ of basophilic erythrocytes. With workers, absorbing lead without clinical manifestations and in early lead poisoning, the percentage commonly ranges from 1.5$ to b.0$ with occasional findings up to 20.0$. Associated with these blood changes is an invariable secondary anemia. The reduction in the number of red cells is not extremely great, and it is rare to find less than three million per cubic millimeter. There also may be a slight decrease in the hemoglobin. One of the most constant of the early signs of lead intoxication, is the ashen-lead color of the face and pallor of the lips. This may not be due to anemia, but to the action of lead on the skin capillaries, lead colic _6 is the most common and dramatic of the acute manifestations of poisoning and is usually preceded by several days of constipation. It is characterized by its tendency to be most severe following the partaking of food and drink. Pressure seems usually to furnish some relief. Vomiting quite frequently occurs at the onset of the pain. Lead palsy is much less common than colic, although it may develop during the first month of work, but usually only after many years' exposure. The commonest form is the veil known wrist drop. Encephalopathy is the most dangerous manifestation of plumblsm, and is always of serious prognos tic significance. The onset is invariably sudden, and usually begins with epileptiform convulsions. Optic atrophy has been described especially in association with encephalopathy, but it la rare. Other minor manifestations which may be observed are, transitory pains in muscles and Joints, indefinite weakness and lassitude, loss of weight, lack of appetite, metallic or sweetish taste in mouth on arising in the morning and constipation. A fine tremor in the muscles of the hand, tongue, or face, particularly in the eyelids and around the eyes has been observed in early as well as in more advanced cases. The extent to which arteriosclerosis and chronic nephritis are significant sequelae is still controversial. An increase in the systolic blood pressure has not been generally affirmed. Many other clinical and pathological conditions have been associated with plumbism, but for the most part they have been observed in isolated cases. False conclusions may be drawn from attributing to lead all symptoms occurring in persons exposed to lead. Colic has been confused with acute appendicitis, Chronic gastric or duodenal ulcor, and carcinoma of the stomach and, unfortunately, has led in some instances to surgical interference. Lead workers can suffer from -7 - pernicious anemia or secondary anemia and other illnesses which may simulate lead intoxication, and, on the other hand, lead workers may affect symptoms of lead intoxication, - a litigation hysteria rarely alleviated until compen sation has been awarded or legal proceedings are completed. The confusion regarding the diagnosis of plumb!sm has led to endeavors on the part- of some investigators to standardize the diagnosis based particularly on the degree of disability indicated by certain groups of signs and symptoms. Newman, McConnell, Spencer, and Phillips devised such a standard for use in a study conducted among a group of pottery workers for the purpose of aiding in arriving at an orderly analysis of their records. Cases were classified as t first, positive for lead poisoning; second, presumptive; third, suggestive; and fourth, negative for lead poisoning after obtaining complete occupational and medical histories and the consideration of all such information as was gained from careful physical examination and laboratory studies. Badham and others have suggested standards intended to express the stage or severity of initial attacks of lead intoxication. The weakness of such standards, however, liee in their inability to give proper emphasis to the varying degrees of intensity of symptoms and signs exhibited early in the course of absorption or intoxica tion. Their use as a guide im making up a statistical analysis of observations from a group study is perhaps their most important value. I concur in the opinion expressed by Aub and his associates that in the last analysis the diagnosis of plumblsm must depend on keen Judgment and that no fast rules can be adopted. The prevalence of lead poisoning in American industries is anybody's guess. Morbidity statistics do not exist and unfortunately also there is but -8 - scanty statistical information on the mortality from plumbism. Death certificates do not always mention the underlying cause and it may be that a number of deaths basically due to lead are reported as nephritis and other degenerative diseases. The total number of deaths from lead poisoning in the United States Registration Area from 1925 to 1929 inclusive, as recorded by v Hoffman, amounted to a total of 686 or a rate of 1 . 5 per 1,000,000. The highest number of deaths for any one year was 11*1* in 1926, the lowest being 129 in 1928. The number of deaths dropped in 1930 to 101 and slightly increased in 1931 to 111. The Industrial experience of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company from 1928 down to the end of 1936 is as follows: Deaths from Chronic Lead Poisoning 1928-1936 Weekly Premium-Paying Business - Industrial Department Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Bate per 1,000,000 Year 1928 1929 1930 1931 1952 1933 193^ 1935 1936 Exposed to Risk (Ages one and over) Deaths Rate 18 ,029,661 18,285,097 18,103,385 17,53^,087 l6,7 1 1 ,2hl 1 6 ,050,723 1 6 ,18 6 ,3 6 1 1 6 ,552,06!* 16,890,375 25 22 13 18 21 18 16 . 23 28 1 .1* 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 1 .1 1.0 1 .1* 1 .7 Compensation awarded for disability frcm lead poisoning suggests a source of information regarding at least the severer types of cases. However, in New York State during the last few years the number has never exceeded 100 cases per year. Individual studies of groups of workers in certain industrial occupations indicate, despite the fact that massive exposure to injurious amounts of lead is infrequent and the number of cases of typical lead poisoning is steadily diminishing, that much remains to be accomplished in preventive control. In a recent study of lead poisoning in a storage battery plant, -9 - conducted "by the U. 8 . Public Health Service, the incidence of plumbism suffi ciently severe to receive compensation was extremely high - the annual rate for all workers being I5 .9 per 100. The total number of compensation cases observed was 1 5 8 . The employment of leadless glazes and the enormous development of spray painting of motor cars with leadless cellulose paints have reduced the lead exposure in the pottery and enameling and automobile industries. The substitution of machine methods far hand labor has abolished the disease among file makers. The fact that painters need no longer mix their<paints from the dry material, but receive it already mixed in oil reduces this source of exposure. On the other hand, the increase in radio manufacturing, ahip breaking, and more general application of fruit spraying have increased lead exposure. Dust and fume suppression by means of exhaust ventilation applied at the point of origin of the dust or fume ranks first among the available measures for control. Good general ventilation should supplement, but not interfere, with local ventilation. Other preventive measures include the enclosure of processes where practicable; the substitution of less soluble compounds for the soluble ones; wet processes for dry; segregation of dust and fume producing processes; mechani cal means, such as covered conveyors, hoppers, hoists, cranes, and automatic packing machinery substituted for hand carriage; possible alternation of employ ment for workers engaged in a leaded process; the use of individual respiratory equipment such as hose masks, positive pressure respirators and suitable cartridge  - 10 - type respirators for emergency temporary exposures. Cleanliness of work places is obvious, as also is bodily cleanlness and general hygiene. Facilities -which contribute toward the welfare and health of the worker should be provided. The workman should be told something of the nature of the danger and instructed in methods of protecting himself and fellow workers. In minimising the risk of lead intoxication, medical supervision is an important measure that requires no emphasis. All workmen exposed to a lead hazard should be examined at monthly intervals for signs of absorption and the physician should have power to suspend workmen from employment In the / dangerous atmosphere or replace them in a safe location. While it is not my purpose to discuss curative treatment, a preventive program would be incomplete Indeed if mention were not made of the desirability of mobilizing lead in those cases which show signs of beginning lead intoxica tion by means of a diet high in calcium content* Whether later treatment should be left to nature to excrete the abnormal amounts of lead in the leaded in dividual's tissues or whether active deleading therapy is preferable, still appears to be a matter of individual opinion. INDUSTRIAL HIGIENE SURVEYS May 1948 - April 1950 Company Republic Steel Corporation Truficon Steel Company Rochester Gas and Electric Company . Mutual Chemical Company Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Company - Diamond n v n n Company Republic Steel Corporation Truscon Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation River Terminal Railway Republic Steel Corporation Upson Nut and Bolt Division Republic Steel Corporation Steel and Tubes Division Republic Steel Corporation Dillworth-Porter Steel Division Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel General. Electric Company General Electric Company Armstrong Cork Company Republic Steel Corporation Dillworth-Porter Steel Division Armstrong Cork Company s Republic Steel Corporation Union Drawn Steel Division Location Youngstown, Ohio Rochester, N.Y. Baltimore, Maryland Hartford, Conn. East Hartford, C o m Painesville, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Chip Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa. Massillon, Ohio Pittsfield, Mass. Lynn, Mass. Pittsburgh, Pa. J Pittsburgh, Fa. Beaver Falls, Pa. Beaver Falls, Pa. . 0180 Company McCrory Stores General Electric Company Johns Manville Products Corporation Republic Steel Company Central Alloy District Canton Plant Flintkote Company Armstrong Cork Company Johns Manville Company Republic Steel Corporation Plants and Mines Republic Steel Corporation Vance Iron and Steel Company Republic Steel Corporation Steel and Tubes Plant Republic Steel Corporation Niles Steel Products Republic Steel Corporation South Chicago Plant Allied Industrial Products Corning Glass Works Republic Steel Corporation Unica Drawn Steel Plant Universal Foundry Four Wheel Drive Company Grede Foundries Crede Foundries Hamishfeger Foundry Bundle Manufacturing Company Eagle Manufacturing Company Location New York City Elmira, New York Waukegan, Illinois \/ Canton, Ohio New Orleans, La Jackson, Miss. Manville, N.J. Birmingham, Ala. Chattanooga, Term. Elyria, Ohio Niles, Ohio Chicago, Illinois Van Wert, Ohio Charleroi, Pa. Gary, Indiana Oshkosh, Wise. Appleton, Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin Waukesha, Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Appleton, Wise. 0i8i -3- Company LadLsh Company Bucyrus Erie Company J. I. Case Company Republic Steel Corporation Moline Plant Bucyrus Erie Company Bucyrus Erie Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation Buffalo Plant Eastern Tool and Manufacturing Company Republic Steel Corporation Canton Plant Republic Steel Corporation Starle Plant Republic Steel Corporation South Plant Republic Steel Corporation Massillon Plant Republic Steel Corporation Massillon #1 and 2 Republic Steel Corporation Berger Mfg. Co* #1 and 2 Republic Steel Corporation Culvert Mfg. Co. #1 and 2 Republic Steel Corporation Truscon Steel-Company Grede Foundries, Inc. Smith Steel Division Grede Foundries, Inc. -Liberty Foundry Division Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. Benson Mine Location Milwaukee, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Racine, Wise. Moline, 111. Evansville, Indiana Erie; Pa. Detroit, Mich. Buffalo, N. Y. Belleville, N.J. Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Massillon, Ohio Massillon, Ohio Canton, Ohio Canton, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Milwaukee, Wise. Wauwatosa, Wise. Star Lake, N.I. 0183 Company Otis Elevator Corp. Johns Manville, Corp. Johns Manville Corp. Evening Bulletin Congoleum Narin Columbian Rope Company Otis Elevator Company Johns Manville Corp. Manville Plant Johns Manville Cozp. Research Division Eagle Pencil Company Eickok Manufacturing Company Bausch and Lomb Optical Company Republic Steel Corporation Republic Steel Corporation Sayreton #1 Coal Mine Sayreton #2 Coal Mine Virginia Coal Mine Sayre Coal Mine Spaulding Ore Mines Edwards Ore Mines Spaulding Stripping Operations Alabama City Plant Thomas Plant Pikesville Coal Mine Armstrong Cork Company Floor Covering Closure Plants Location Yonkers, New York Nashua, N.E. North Billerica, Mass Philadelphia, Pa. Kearney, N.J. Auburn, N.Y. Harrison, N.J. Manville, N.J. Manville, N.J. ^ New York, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Brooklyn, N.Y. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala. ffiynri'nghBnij Ala. Birmingham, Ala. iTftWunft City, Ala. Birmingham, Ala PiieBville, Ky. Lancaster, Pa. V -5Company Republic Steel Corporation Youngstown Plant - Open Hearth Dept. Otis Elevator Company Universal FoundryUniversal Bundle Corp. Four Wheel Drive Location Youngstown, Ohio Harrison, N.J. Oshkosh, Wise. Milwaukee, Wise. Clintonville, Wise. In addition to the firms listed above, the Waukegan, Illinois Plant of the Johns Manville Products Corp. sends in dust samples periodically and they are analyzed by our Laboratory. We also have been conducting a survey of the atmospheric conditions in the City of Cleveland for the Republic Steel Corporation, and in the City of Rochester for the Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation. SURVEYS PENDING May 1, 1950 Otis Elevator Company Hamilton Works, Ontario, Canada Corning Glass Works Corning, N.Y. Armstrong Cork Company Closure Plant - Metal Cap Johns Manville Corp. National Lead Company Titanium H o y Mfg. Div. Niagara Falls, N.Y. Mathieson Chemical Corp. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. Niagara Falls District Office Niagara Falls, Canada American Can Company Tydol Oil Company 0184 orricc or AND SANITATION TREASURY DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE W a s h i n g t o n . D. C. January 7,1933 Dr. A.J.Lanza Metropolitan Life New York,N.Y. Insurance Co., Dear Dr. Lanza: I have hac no word from Don Cummings hut I have hear?, fro m Mr. H a r b a u g h cnd the operators feel very keenly that the reoort should not be published at this time. In justice to them, I would say that the bad picture is somewrst over-emphasized b y Don due to the feet that he has not lived or been in cloee contact with mining camos. It w o u l d , t h e r e f o r e ,seem much worse to h i * tha n to the mining man. I should think, that he w o u l d find it inadvisable to publish the report if he expects to continue as a consultant to industry. Kis present employers are also in close contact with the Picher group and I believe they have mining interests in that field. I think the report contains much information of interest and I sympathiz- with Don in his disappointment. RRS/LIO * Cordially yours, (R.R.Soyer8) 8urgeon in Charge. TnL PKioIDKNT: ni S rn ^ r. A N D V n if i V The attached memoranda relate to a project for studying and eliminating the prevalence of Tuberculosis among miners in zinc mines in the Joplin zinc field. You approved, in principle, the project on my memorandum to y ou of October 8. --- -- We have further discussed the matter with the United States Bureau of Wines and have received from them, after this discussion, a draft of co-operative agreement between the Department of Commerce and the Metropolitan, which is the customary basis upon which the Department enters into prqpcts of this character. hr. Wright's and Dr. Lanza*3 memorandum of January 16 attached, comprehensively covers this subject. The agreement and that memorandum requests an appropriation from tne Metropolitan for this purpose of $3,000 a year for tnree years. The oirect and collateral results to be obtained from this undertaking, in ay judgment, not only arrant tne expenditure, but make it desirable. It also should prove financially profitable. I, therefore, respectfully request your authorization to proceed in the matter ana to execute the agreement, after submission to our General Counsel. January 20, 1927. .'.r-iSi n ! " 1 V. v Ic c - r r c .' if- c . \ . : I-3*./.- J. T,rv.r : .T' s:v ry 1", 'yf.7. fVP-J' CTj v'eiv - j . . j . ' . - . . :T' " r1 Thi: memorandum is sur.-lccx-itar; to thr t of Ccrtcr.br:luc he;1th conditions in the Joplin lead end rir.c nininp districts. The indie;.ted to you hi? willingness to concidcr t definite proposal for the in cooporation r.lth the 3urea\i of Mines, cf a clinic in this region. I'-'C ragr-rdPresident nr.i.'tenr.nce, On December 10, 1026, Ur. R. h. Sr.yor3, Chief Surgeon of the U.S. n Bureau of Mines, visited this office and t'- question of cooperative activities in the Joplin district was throughly discussed between Dr. Dnyers, Mr. Br-:erc, Dr. Lanm end Dr. Wright. It tr:c agreed that on his return to Washington, Ir. capers would Iic'/r prepered a contract outlining terms or. irliich cooperative work letter, the ifetrn- politan Life Insurance Company and the U.E. Bureau of Hines might be u. 'rtrkon. The occupational discsae present with unusvu-.l intensity ir. thr Jtf/lin district is "Silicosis" or "Miners* Phthisis". It lias been intensively studied in the pest n" years. The first investigation of silicosis in the United ftr.tor. was curried out by Dr. Ltaisa, then Chief Surgeon of the Bureau of Hines, ir. zho Joplin district in 1915. Later Dr. Frederick Hoffm n*F book on "Mortality fr - Tuberculosis in the Dusty Trades", served to draw further attention to the generrl .ucrtlon of tlic du3t hazard sncr.g industrial irorkers and its relationship to tubcrculo.-rie. In ...3 vestigations, mostly of a prelimi.nr.ry nature, were carried or. by the .urcau of Hines, tlao U.S. Public Health Service, Professor Winslow and e oor.ll group of assis- tar.ts (U.S. Public Health Service) at Yale; ;r.d Dr. Penconst, Er. Lrrdia r.r.d the Phiprs Institute gi*oup in Philadelphia. Tbd. ir.vcctigative - id: has race crocsi"'_ly upparc: t the inpor ce of cilLcr-l.-.dcu curt an industrial health hz.zr.Td, Sue dust not jror'-.ices "i tr".e silicosis, which is itself ainobling - but also, for ro; sons rhich ;r- -ot yet cntirolj clear, greatly prcdirpo3cs it3 victims to t'ibcrculor.i.'. TVr f'ct ccsth3 . of .iiticrs arc reported as duo to tuberculosis has served to rank the inpertr-- cc of -i the underlying fctors of ailicosis as a predisposing cause of tuborculoFis. Tilicosis is foiuid among hard rock (metal) minora, occasionally lir.ong coal miners, and .;iso among'] |jut.tery makers, cutlery makers, quarrynen, subway construction Korkci'3 in ha*.; York City,'; ang among the multitudinous occupations which involve grinding through ti:e ur.c of a oandstono or other grinding wheels. In the light of our experience in the Joplin district with both Life and Health claims, the importance of silicosis from an insure ;.nce standpoint ia apparent. Re insure all but one of the larger mining groups oper* atiug in this field, and insure "other properties of this exception elsewhere. Uo liavtt-J numerous Industrial end Ordinary policyh- 'dars who must incidentally 'are the effoo-MQ of this induct* *1 situation*^' " l minors ili ;e was for. m. rj.e 1 incurred on nil but nix era11 ^ontr. ein, r< tol.nl deficit , mi earned pruium of fll?,G .rO, to w'-'-'i r*-" le added ('203 jjt id . f r to to:-; . The /.etui*r ia l I eLen "-i.'j estirateci tlifit the lor.e t* r.::ountr<U:d-cirt-oc'-t I ne). ' lied tl:o Grouts be-er. rarit u-'ui the current of the Gror-cciv ao*. nevi r, premium vr.r;irit fivn Eti rch-ixi nlue r.drrd plus ?IO. hou] the previous experience ccr.linuo, sturning no r,,.ier ol Groups non' in force, the entire tuo lor.r for 132? is ~ X r * he :.xr. ^1-< r< I-I'" *f r Z7< of ho li years exposed v.cre r.t ago `0 or less o'- /i.snJ rw\-".r -- i P', n rr\ .rr.. The clr-lu reI./, r-rrr ri co 25, i? the c::p-ected : : t agee Z1 to ?S, ; he e:::v ctcd ; ;r.d for all i; n* ), * there young minors die within ten yeere of their crii:", ur.Gc-rgrov 0. the on' htuidred death or permanent tot 1 'sabir'ty elfins incurred, 52 (f.f death, 29 P.'jl.B.) tovo teen for tuberculosis (bd) or (..lior ref' `.'story oijct.oCB. Fourteen have been frr accidents, 9 of occupational origin, or a .otcl of 61$ t11 clt-ins incurred attributable to working oonoitiens. i?en' l. The experience undor Group Health policies is scarcely lees elsestreus. Since August,1924 titers ii&vo been placed 21 Group Health contracts (2 have been cancelled) with a mean n.-r.ber of life roars exposed (Decor.ber SI, 1326 or cate of cancellation) of ?.,352; livp3 in force 1,455. The actual deficit at the cr.d of 1926 w-s ..11,011 on r.n earned premium of 55,591. Six Group Health contracts . only showed a surplus. Dividends amounting to 937 wore paid to else Groups, including 4 of those snoring profit.- The Actuaries estimate that upon the h- sis of the '192G minimum rate the loss would have amounted to ;13,157. Alnoct all of the Groups are v.ov; upon a rate of from Gl.07 to Gl.75 per 10 of weekly benefit, but even upon this basis the estirated loe- : for 1327, with present esperie' o, amounts to ( `,144. he- tove in c few years incurred n total losa of airiest ,"C-. The rates have been, generally, rdvauccd. There 13 in sight an annual deficit of over `i,0?0 . or. less then 2,500 .lives, with tho only real hop' of betterment lying in improvement of the health situati' f-nfl in the institution a-- .operation of pi-opcr meclicnism for the control of hvrith and permanent otal disability cIt.ins. Tho mining coiapan'-'S in the "Joplin Field" are eager to remedy tho ril .Hon. They have organized the ^.-1-f.tf.te Lead and fine Producers' arrociatJ.cn which Jins acoonip 3 d excellent results in the nay of safety and underground rrnatation. This Associa tion employe r. competent and t.c3J. trained safety engineer va.o ir. in charge of tho Baft activities for tho district end who has about 20 innp^ctorn under him v-ho visit t.ho mines constantly and whose efforts arc directed toward safety end dust control. With thin phase of tho industrial health situation coming under control, 'hrough tho in- itirtivc and oH-'vpriao of the compf.nios thenoelves, tho cooperative project Jierein .jx outlined bocomoo rforth wlillc. '. Ono c? tho cutios of tho Durami of Mines (Dorertmont of Commerce) in to in vestigate health conditions in tho mining industry. For tho ptiBt +~o yorrr tho Burenil of lines ton maintained a nodical office In richer it.Jor tho direction of Dr. Sayors, y $ with a physician, x-rny oquijavont end tv cloi'kj tho intont of tho bureau's work i ihvonblgntivo rather than remedial* tfl aativltiafl coiuiist of making physical '1 ,,'If jl su J L ,^ion0 of minora, ' '' ^Pn ^`^1 ro o u ltn -o f the orominatiohy^. Examination in v o lu n t a r y on tho part o f the'^ y tj ' minors and duo to tho ta c t and '[ o r ^ 'of C r. iforrin eth cr, phya'iciun in charge, bmr?** r T~ or two o f our Gr< piss linvc brought pro o tic a l l y 100* o f th e ir emoloveos to ho ftn in ^ '3 Lna jf norno enu of por.* in tho form of t h rocoros m o Federal &arcnu,of.Mi^es^oiildjro^.^ns.^thQ.cooperation of tho Ifetrbpolitai?! in an effort to control tho, criUsfU^ituation^i^the^Jplii?fiold.^ItJi\'proiX)sod^t that the Metropolitan Lifo Insurejico"Company and tho .5. Bureau'of K!ihoo"oater,,ihtp^a a contract (tec. Ically rencT7abloVannur.lly) to^carry on a health"project among-iaineg,^ r^ntoring around Pichcr,' -'ojoct is to improve health^co^itigna^in^thio: JcTplin distrloty^by' Giving. d^sbt'hiSth }^U service to the miners; and to.study,.tho various,agpeots of 'silicosis-and tubrculgsi^ i7' *so that v.o no:' crystal! !rc.our'eijicribhco in'dofinite forn hd`niat"a'cohtrib^^ undoubted valu to tho industrial : ulcers.i r v . .. . Thor would_ be .Tcl|&^ij(hrch,ggt^^ Jelimine X-ray exartrationsTi^It^s^^imttyihaiiev^t^lly-ifetFeehilifrbOO'a^lSa rmar would bo oxomind twice-uyoor^^dviceT!andTholp .tothe miners'would`bofcoordir' :' A t present tho o f f i o " which in a lso ' . ^ in good chaps th work without,;! Sayorc proposes to add^ar X-ray technician that /' " ' J o'oar, but i t r ltora o f X-ray V M etropolitan i-::--' *?$?.y io 'Bureau or Minos`.a (fill m La .in a ornai 3**5 iasiwi - 'q&l V?, &r 9 * 9 'f Wfta o w w T O IBMW mi m*'. I t i s probable th a t the mining conrenieo in the T r i- S ta te Zinc and Lead A sso ciatio n would a ls o gi-vo fin a n c ia l su p ;o rt. The A sso cia tio n does not wish to p a r tic ip a te in the nr-nagenent o f the p ro je ct; th ey p re fer to bo in tluo p o sitio n o f being ab le to s ta te to th e ir employees th at the M etropolitan L ife Incur; i ce Company end tho o f f i c i a l s o f th r U .S. Goverroent jo in t l y ad vise then end th e ir employer s to do thus and so. The C t c t c o f rl.ns.-s :^3 tire/ cy r<- nininy Ir-r.e ;nd rc~ :lr-tie n s Tor th a t sta te o f : rc-ryirst r i l l be-forthcom ing from the o fi. i i r "t&VP'.r: :.~c i l l , t the t^ r r i; i t I'-.n unie r f f i s !"! r- rested that tho Eure;.'/ of finer pre-are Dr. fryers rt: ted V.j t the ooze sort trte of n'rl.; Iott . This rives fr iriy of our rctivitips ti ry v^vV! }v m e t incjc-d S r . .1/yers ar.a hr. enulu v i.' i t J o 'l i n r / r ly Lr. February to coterairje w'nat a s s is ta n c e might b^ expected fr o r tire r'.ir.ir.f companies. I f r.uch r.sr`.stan ce i s not a v a ila b le , the cooper; t l v e p r o je c t cov.lw - nd should, re h e l i . v e , v c rth c - l e s s , go ahead. i ith the lielp o f the j.ctur r i a l D iv isio n and trie i t ; t i s t i c / 1 Div is io n s , record s would be devised no as to nrl:c p o ssib le the c o lle c tio n o f in fo r mstio n considered d e s ira b le to meet insurance .cods. Our past lo s s e s under Group L ife and Health contrr c ts have beer, g r e a t , those tinder Ordinary and In d u s tr ia l p o lic ie s not determined but presumably g rea t a ls o . The p ro sp ective lo s s i s la r g e u n less th ere be in s t it u te d sound measures to remedy resp o n sib le co n d itio n s. / most fa v o ra b le plan o f cooperation w ith the U .S. Bureau o f Hines i s presented, the coot to be $8,030 t-mumlly fo r th ree y e a rs. This would be the most complete and fa r-re a c h in g p ro je c t in in d u s tr ia l hygeiene ever under- tahen' in tiiis country'. 1 -ede^rtKt% ti.I-. As?ill?.L Ut-dicel D irecto r /- j f M.#r* /sclaten t Ucdlcal D irector TO i FROUz DATE: -KEkORAKrUli: Dr. Wright Dr. Luisa September 29, 1926 SUBJECT: t.<i< I rs /Uw*./' con t.txuuw li. On September 1st I visited Joplin, calling first on Mr. McKee, Metropolitan Manager. In company with Mr. McKee I visited the Golden Bod Mine at Picb'er, interviewing Kr. Herbert Kailover, Mr. Mills and Dr. Ralston, who is their full tine physician. I called also on Mr. Cadden of- the Vinegar Bill Zinc Company and Mr. Sinclair of the Federal Mining and Smelting Company; Mr. Charles T. Crr of the Athletic Mining and Smelting Company; Mr .Richard Jenkins of the local branch of the American Zinc Institute and Mr. R. B.Ageton of the Tri-State Zinc and Lead Ore Producers Association; as well as Dr. Nunnery of the U. S. Public Health Service, who is running the local clinic for chest diseases among miners for the U. S. Bureau of Mines. . There is attached hereto a detailed report on Joplin mines by Mr. Eassford. It will be noted that for all the groups the group life premiums amounted to $65,737 and the claims t$'.$37,806 - a loss ratio of 116.8. The experience under group health was Iso unfavorable, the' premiums amounting to $19,287, and the claims t{> $21,650,-a loss ratio of 112.4^^ 3 Before detailing my observations on health conditions in the Joplin district I would like to call attention to'the fact that during he year 1915, while still in the^U.S. Public Health service, I made an extended investigation in the pulmonary "diBeas^efli among the Joplin miners whi$h in vestigation lasted for a year. ...The results of this investigation were published in Bulletin #152 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and Technical Paper #105 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and in Public Health Bulletin #85 of the U. S. Public Health Service. As I lived in Joplin for a year apd maintained a clinic for pulmonary diseases the greater part of that time (in Webb City) and spent a considerable amount of time underground, I had occasion to become thoroughly familiar both with the working and living conditions of the Joplin miners and to familiarise myself with their health and social problems. Fft Since the time that I investigated the Joplin mines, the scene of mining activities has shifted from Jasper County, Missouri to Ottawa County, Oklahoma and the.,lower portion of Cherokee Countyv Kansas. Joplin, i ' 'm m w m ST*J - 2Joplin, Mo (Cont'd.) The cause of the inordinate amount of pulmonary disease in the JopUn district is the fa d that mining is done in very hard rock which con tains over 60i free silica. The dust of this rock resulting from mining operations affects the lungs of the miners and eventually leads to tubercu losis. In 1921 Hr. Howard Young, General Superintendent of .Mines for the American Zinc, Lead and Smelting Company, called my attention to the fact that the new mints being opened in Cherokee County and Ottawa County werevery wat and that there was at that time no dust problem and consequently no pulmonary disease problem connected with them. .But Mr. Young pointed out that tilese mines would gradually become dry and that when they became dry there would be repeated the history of the Joplin district, namely a scandalous in cidence of pulmonary disease among the miners. These observations have al ready begun to be verified. I am familiar with the hard rpck mining' districts of the United States and Australia and, through reading and personal acquaintance, with conditions in South Africa and England. Nowhere else in this country nor in the other countries mentioned are there any mining districts with the health conditions that prevail in Joplin. .. - ... C\'." 'V. P.eturning to Joplin after an absence of 1C years I find that underground conditions have improved. .The smaller mining companies are gradually being amalgamated by. the larger concerns f.tNew superintendents and managers have been brought in from other mining.districts. Safety is being ' well looked after and water drills and other measures are being used to com bat dust in the underground workings. Underground conditions therefore are considerably improved over what they used to be, and are tending tvo' become better all the time. . ''' A corresponding improvement in living and social conditions,howeven has not occurred. 1 had thought that It would be impossible to ge-t^any thing worse than the living conditions of tile Joplin miners in the old Joplin district, tty visit to the recent operations in Ottawa County.*'compels me to admit that they are even worse than the old conditions. It is the more re markable because the Joplin miners, to a qan, are Americans, the descendents of the hill people who have worked their way westward from the Tennessee and Kentucky mountains to the Ozarks. While often ignorant, they are usually in telligent, highly individualistic and independent. All in all, they are a fine class of people. They live for tbe`'most part in one or two room shacks made out of boards or powder tins beaten flat. With the exception of a few homes in the center of Picher, there are no sewage facilities and they are supplied with water by a water wagon which. makea .dai2y trips, filling a watbjK fSX&U;. ' - 5. - Joplin, Ho. (Coni'd.) to appreciate more decent standards .of living are to a certain extent respon ... sllile for their living conditions, although many who live thus own motor cars.J: One excuse that is given for the nature of the housing conditions is that much of the lands, especially ln_Ottawa County, are Indian lands which a r e . .. leased for mining purposes, but which cannot be soldi ..The temporary nature - L.~ :T?-. of the industry is also quoted as an .excuse.,. These difficulties are more ~r-~r ~f: apparent than real.and haye,not.prevented the erection.of decent homes for,- , miners in other mining communities. . ,, ..." . . . i - Z'7.J g a e r e '.is .tilT ^ ? a ^ d e a l "bf *siUcosis^(dust-disease of. t.he^p ~ lungs) and tuberculosis among'the^i^rs 1-.Hany casesjare^among men' w h ' h a v a 55 worked in the old Jopli 'districfand'contracted theirjiisase.there. .i-.HhlleV^ ^ p ^ present underground conditions are bettervthan they were there'.is neverthe^ v ^ - . ^ Ies3 a considerable .amount of,the disease, still being caused by dust in the working places y h 'r: ' - : r >,?j- ____ - - Tenereal.^.disease is. rampant..-to an extent, which I air reliably informed does not..exiBt'in'any other"industrial community in this country." Both venereal; disease, and tuberculosis^ ar [bound up >ith the housing condi-^^^* L tions. v There7are no.reliable!statigtics^b^elther.iubrculosls.or.yenerealj disease in Ottawa^`County,but*the"local physicians;assure 'me .that .venereal i| disease i s .not. tui^mtaon^amngJ;he^hildren' and^IjrasT alsainftomedvtbatlt'S ^ l S prevails to such an extent 'among'the ''adults~as"`to influence to; a markedrex^E^--- tent, `the costs of/compeM^'ibn..l^prolonging th^peribd^od disability.^irr^ ' accident ' * --- -r:. our group ^ There are five^eompaniedwhich represent more.than one-half of the total production,all of]whlch regroup"policyholdersvts.These are the Commerce, the'GoldenvRod, the'Federal^the ^ineg^Hill,'jand* the N e w j p h i c a g o ^ ^ ^ ^ The one other,largie__coopany,7 the EagldPibher,? is not_lnsured with .us,.(that is, the Eagl^Picher^mines .are not^covaredby^the'Metropolitan)vili thede ^ J J 8! ^ companies are^veryJdesirioudof'bH^tnB^'SoUt^'betier conditi'ns^bUt" ailjbf them hesit*te"to .taki^iHe" inifclailve^fof.'fear'.that -their^efforts may be'look-T. ed upon with siispibion by the miners fidihelr.motives'qtieflblohedt'> Thls~~is71 a non-union country ahd the^mine 'operators would like'io 'see li rfflSih They have been'dobntinp the'piaibi1ily.ofrinau'gSrAblFft'"3Bini. critral"emS ^ ployment officereHd^of^inir^uclngJLiTcO^aaiibn^itH'tSissiiHysio'al' exnmih, tions and re-x&i^tiqhHj'oOhsa^emplpyjdl^iil'ihe^^^ohS ,1 Iht'h m s W s d ^ oxpresBed.the.hbne^thai'ikhB'fiotfopolitin.iilpit te able.io adsioi thbjjrktid)Ixtf,-- taking thflr;iMtlali^~l^whaliveg lln^ofv iolivlly semObsiratl* enaiirl^1^ ^ ^ - w^^irilolFto'tns pebpl# thole^fcwnes' feenUond;?" - 4- p o s s ib le , th a t g ra d u a lly the diseased miner? would ce elim inated would be brought about a con dition o f a f f a i r ? in which pulmonary among the miners would be reduced to what may be tercreo a decent To th is a l l gave u n q u a lifie d assent but were more or le ss a fr a id the jrobj.eEi o f j l i j a i e u l examlnation, by them selves. and there d ise a se s minimum. to tackle Or. ay way la ck *.o Net* York I stop! ec o:'.` at. 'ashin<:'ton and spent the morning a t the U. S. Bureau o f Mines ir. conference with Dr. Sayers, the C h ie f Surgeon, and Mr. Harrington, one o f the Chief Sir.ir.g Engineers. The- Bureau o f tin e a has had f o r sometime a c e ii c a l o f f ic e r sta tio n e d e t P ich e r, who examinee miners and advises them o f th e ir p h y sica l co n d itio n . This undertaking i s p rim arily in v e s tig a tiv e and is s a tis fa c to r y as f a r as i t goes and Dr. Nunnery, (the o f f i c e r in question) is doing good work and Is trcil lik e d by the n in ere . The scope o f h is e f f o r t s , however, f a l l s fa r sh ort o f what i s necessary* i f continued and permanent improvement i s to be secured. Dr Sayers and myself estimated that if Dr. Nunnery had another physician to work with him and a competent male clerk it would be possible to put the physical examination work on a sound basis and make it possible for the companies to refer sen for examination to that office. I strongly reconn-end that the Metropolitan give,earnest con sideration to the possibility of entering into a formal agreement with the U. S. Bureau of Mines, for a period of not less than 3 years, wherein the Bureau of Mines would furnish the services of one physician (Dr. Nunnery, already on the job) and carry the expenses of X-ray films and the like,which nw amounts to not less than $2,000 a year; while the Metropolitan furnished the services of another physician at the cost of approximately $3,600 a year, a male clerk at $1,800 a year, and incidental expenses making a total of $6,000 a year. The Bureau of Mines is willing to enter into a formal contract, and has, in its investigative work, carried out similar contracts with other corporations. The work would be under the joint supervision of the Chief Surgeon of the Bureau of Mines and the Metropolitan, ana in this connection I would like to point out that I am a Consulting Surgeon of the Bureau of Mines. The combination of the Metropolitan with the Federal Government would put this work on a plane which would raise it above any suspicion on the part of either mining companies or miners and would be amply justified as far as the Metropolitan is concerned by the large interest which the Metropolitan has in that district. '. The housing situation may possibly be reached through the Government which, as the leasing agent for the mining lands, may be in a position to control or influence housing. This, too, is a matter which re quires educational work both among the employers and the miners. ' %.< -m s.Sa: A-Ji 'i dis.eaaes.to. bliC Joplin, Mo. of his officers to Ottawa County to see what can be done, both directly by the Public Health Service, and in co-operation with the State Department of Health of Oklahoma. I think it is entirely reasonable to assume that. with the co-operation of the mine operators, the local government, the Federal Government nrv1 the IV*rope'Jtan Life Insurance Company working together cn a concentrated program real improvement may be made in what is perhaps the "oat disgraceful industrial ailuation in this country. All of the people X interviewed in the Joplin district stated that what was primarily needed was someone to take the initiative and act as a uniting influence on the various agencies that were able to bring relief. This initiative, I think, could and should come from the Metropolitan. 1*27 Jf5=----------------------- m * insurance investigation of eleven M ago this Company came, not f. unscathed b ut with the comthat would be the pride 0/ R eturn in may vocation of life? '` f t became they built this great to help men of my kind to s i from the ranks--at twenty ijjit be age I was working for S6 a 1 They didn't grow from the top. 1went from the bottom and grew , and Goo alone knows the number ^ddtdren they have kept out of um asylums, the number of women taca they have kept awav from m. TH E INTELLIGENCER 1 the doors of charity organizations. T o sum up I will just use a few words of jHjctry to explain to you what was the foundation, in m y judgment, of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company: "They were manned by men with integrity, With temperance no pleasure could seduce, A meekness no trouble could arouse, A patience neither insult nor loss could overwhelm. An integrity no money could buy or interests change." interested in a c o m m u n ity health profile which definitely idToelcd the niortalit\ and morbidity of its ('.roups. A memorandum which embodied tin suggestion for a cooperative experiment reached the P r e s i d e n t . "Would tlu Metropolitan be willing to contribute ar annual sum for a clinic in the l'icher min ing region to study silicosis, its effects ant to formulate remedial measures?'' "Yes," was the reply, and the Metro politan agreed to contribute an annual appropriation of $8,000. provided the United States Bureau of Mines contrib uted S8.000 and the local operators. SI 6,000. jpmpany Works to Control Liner's Con 9? in Joplin Zinc M ines 1t o any of the "hard-rock" mines of the world, in Canada. Aus'tralia or the United States, the / African Rand or the "big hill" in /M ont., and watch thousands of I* going to the mines where gallows and mine houses, skcleton-likc stand over well-like shafts; them enter the cages which drop sometimes thousands of feet acL and follow them to the and raises where they extract gold, , zinc or copper from the veins of ore J t thread the earth. K^Sotneof the miners walk slowly, hesitat~"'ft *ad once in a while they stop for a ... These are the men whose lungs have 1 "dusted." They have "miner's con" . . . y*3icoeis'' as the doctors call it, Iwcause silica in the dust. Some of these a, too, have tuberculosis as well. ^ h e m in e r s work in a dusty atmosphere, r i t . i s banl to ventilate underground, .hard rock dust arises from blasting, seling and boulder popping. Much of js.d ost is controlled by water, which is "d in drilling and in wetting down muck Klbhaling the tiny particles of silica dust ajure* the lungs, which, irritated and in- toned, become fibroid. A scar-like tissue j.deyyiops which has none of the normal * the lung. Breathing is im- i^'and as the disease attacks both there is a gradual lowering of vital `. Shortness of breath, coughing, Pjkjaaiof weight and weakness cut into a p a n 's capacity of work when "miner s ycop" or silicosis attacks him. pLjjf-jj^Miner's coo" is not infectious, nor is f,contagious. It carries a great menace, ^however, because the injured lung, to- :with lowered vitality in the whole f t afford an ideal condition for the at of tuberculosis. It is well that men with dusted lungs are rally susceptible to tuberculosis, n.this happens, not only is the miner 1with early death, or at least a J:bbpdesi future, but he is a source of danger to others, his fellow workers, his family and the community. This infec tion is a factor of prime importance to the health and hygiene of tl'.c community. The hazards in hard rock mines arc so great that when a worker wonts insurance he pays extra for it: page 391 of the Metropolitan rate book tells the story-- "Joplin, Mo. lead and zinc mines, sheet ground miners; special class B; no dis ability, no double indemnity." Several years ago tin- oj>crati>rs in this particular section, which centers around l'ichcr, Okla., and extends up to Joplin, Mo., made a study of Group insurance. One clause appealed to them particularly, considering the conditions they faced in the mining industry in the Joplin sector. Group insurance could be bought without a medical examination, regardless of ngc. Many operators bough'. Group insurance, conscious of the fact that Group policies gave the miners a necessity which cost so much under ordinary circumstances they couldn't buy as much protection as they needed. Another thing that appealed to the Joplin operators was the effective work the Metropolitan had done along lines of health and sanitation. Many of the operators bought Metropolitan Group in surance, and about a year ago the Metro politan initiated a special health service, a cooperative experiment similar in aim to other investigations made by the Com pany in Framingham and in Thctford Mines. ABO U T a year ago the Policyholders Service Bureau learned the United States Bureau ofM ines would be interested in expanding the Bureau of M ines clinic in Piclier and in making a more intensive study of health cond-lions, so the United States Bureau of Mines, the Mctropolitan, and the operators in the tri-Statc region, combined forces and rnlargcd the existing clinic. As many of the operating mines in the lead and'zinc field are covered by Group policies, the Company was vitally Till-: clime was financed for a period o three years. It offers free medical ex amination to all the miners in the district. Its general purpose is to examine miners and diagnose their eases, and to carry on educational work tending to eliminate silicosis and tuliereulosis. The building which houses the elinic was built by the mine owners, and Dr. F. V. M eriwether, of the United States Public Health Sen-ice, assisted by a staff of Government physicians, is conducting it. On some days they examine eighty men, and they expect to examine 14,000 before their work is through. Two clerks interrogate the miners ami fill in the in formation on an examination card. The miners go to the X-ray room where their chests are X-rayed by one of the lx-st machines purchasable, operated by a skilled technician. Late in the afternoon Dr. M eriwether holds a conference with the other physicians, the X-ray films taken the day Ix-forc arc put on view and are read in conjunction with the man's history of clinical {hidings, and a final diagnosis determined. Each physician has a s|xi-i:d field of interest in the investigations and is gathering data for his particular branch of research. Assistant Medical Director Lanza, who was largely responsible for bringing the Metropolitan, the operators and the United States Bureau of Mines together in establishing the Pichcr Clinic, says that the cooperation of the operators and miners augurs welt for the investigation. "The miners and their families are prac tically all of American stock. They arc intelligent, independent and industrious. They arc efficient and individually take out more rock than any other miners in the country. Many of them prosper, and it is a common saying in southwestern Missouri that every miner is a prospective operator. The wages arc good. " It is to the interest of the miners, of the operators and the Metropolitan, in cidentally, since the Company has Group insurance on most of the miners in the region, to liavc a high degree of sanitation and good health in the region. " Lack of funds have prevented making investigations of silicosis comparable to Wim.:.  MEKORAKDLkM A TO: Dr. right fKCM: Ur. L&n.i LATE: Lurch SI, 1ST7. SUBJECT: Fro Teas o f worK t T r i-S ift Leau ntui ftc I was in the; vicinity of Picher.. Oklahruii- from the 11th to the ? lE t. of March, visiting various mine operators and endeavoring to secure their-participation in our cooperative venture with the U. S. Bureau of Mines The first four dt-.ys Lr. R. R. Sayers, Chief Surgeon, U.S. Eureeu of Mines ,*;as with me and I was ir. constant contact wit^i Dr. F. V. Merriwether, who is in charge of the Bureau of Mines clinic there, and with Mr. Ageton of the TriState Zinc and Lead Producers Association. The present mining field extend fron Miami, Oklahoma, 10 miles south of Picher, Oklahoma, to Baxter Springs, Kansas, about 1? miles north, the greatest concentration being around Picher. After a preliminary visit to some of our Groups, a meeting was arranged with some- of the larger operators.' This meeting was held cn Larch IS at the office of the Tri-State Lead and Zinc Producers Association, and representatives of the following mines and local orgenirations were present: ^ Tlie Cortea-King Brand Lining Company Consolidated Leed and Zinc Company Crystal Mineral Trust Federal Mining and Smelting Company Beck Mining Company Vinegar Hill Zinc Company Black Eagle Mining Company Anna Beaver Mining Company L. &. G. Mining Company Golden Rod Mining and Smelting Corp. Eagle -Picher Lead Comiany Commerce Mining Company Rialto Mining Company Tulsa Lead and Zinc Company Rareage Mining Company American Zinc Institute Tri-State Lead and Zino Producers Aas'r.. Both Dr* Sayara and myself addressed the meeting, making ex planatory statements and answering questtone, We asked for the cooperation of the mine operators The fesponsW van unanimous and gratifying* After a general discussion, the chair#,.Mr*- Davis of Jh# Vinegar Hill Zino Com- I TO: Dr. Wright - 2- e s. SUBJECT: Tri-State Lead and Zinc District. t . i - Consolidated and the Eagle-Ficlier interests^ Llr. A. T. St. Clair, r*-pr*`-- sorting the federal Mining and Smelting Company; iir. H. C. Mills, rvjrcs-r.tirg the Golden hod Company; i-r. J. A. Bcbirson, tie Comerce Hiring an-l melting Company; ond ilr. S. H. Davis#, the Vinegar hill Zinc Cocftr^*. To Hiie comr-ittee was added ilr. Scott Thompson, a Elami attorney, who is the Acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Oklahoma. All of the above coiunittee represented Croup policyholders, except ill', Benuelari - (the Eetropolitan, however, covers the Eagle-Ficher properties at-other plrcos}. I tr a v e lle d over the e n tir e d i s t r i c t .in terv ie w in g the p rin cip a l '**' o.ine op erators and e x p lain in g our p la n s. Among o th e rs , I interview ed E r.D ik e ,*'.> f rep resen tin g the I n te r s ta te ( M Woodchuck Mines; Ur, Wallower, the head o f the uolden hoc Company; Li*. Coleman, o f the Commerce Company; ,`ir . Barter. of th*'K ansas E xp loration Company ( S t. Joseph Lead Company); Sir. F illu s of the Anna Beaver Company;-Sir. C h ild re ss o f the C h ild re ss Lead and Z irc Company; k r . Wolf o f the New Chiosgo<-Company and Sir- Johnston o f the A f r i c a n Ztr.c Company. Every person we interviewed promised the support of his comp-any and there was no question but that the fact that the Metropolitan was actively concerned in this venture helped to put It'"over. I was impressed with the general appreciation of the attitude of the Metropolitan,*o which several of the nr.anager^^f the larger* companies referred in a very complimentary manner. The managers of tlx* four or five largest comp-anies stated that they would be lad to underwrite" the whole business themselves if the smaller companies were unable to cone in. After several meetings of the committee of five, a general meet ing was again held,,at which plans were presented and adopted. The operators decided to contribute a sum equal to that.put up by the Bureau of Mines and the Metropolitan, so that their contribution would be $16,000 a year, making available $32,000 year to carry on the work. This money is to raised, by assessing the companies on the basis of $3 per man per year of the average annual payroll, provision being made for corrections and readjustments at the end of the year. Necessary legal documents were prepared by Mr.Scott Thompson, and the next move in order at the time when I left was to secure the signature of the various companies to an agreement with th# Ir5-State Lead and Zinc Producers Association which acts as the agent of the operators. The Tri-Stute Association will in turn make a contract with the Bureau of.Mines similar to that now existing between the Bureau and the Metropolitan. Bork will immediately be started on the construction of suit able quarters to house the clinic, it being neoessary to increase the site of the present quarters. Plans for this were drawn up .by fir Bayer# and yself. The clinical.staff. will eventually oonsiat.of the medical officer in eherge, ...... ................... ......... ' ......... ................................ ................ .... U; Dr. Bright - 3- SUBJECT: T r i-S ta te Lead and Zinc D is t r ic t . clerks. It will take at least six weeks before the new quarters are com pleted and the personnel will be gradually Increased as circumstances may requlre. In the meantime the various companies will sign their agreement. At the last meeting of the operators, managers representing a total Comment i\; I visitmoseme o f the reprsentt!verm ines o f the d is t r ic t and find that underground working conditions are a 'great deal better than ,, they used to be. Wet drilling is now the rule, and constant attention iVl giver, to allay injurious robk dust and*to the promotion safety. The Tri-State Producers Association has a very competent safety engineer ancl~. has about 20 men la; the various mines whose duty it is to constantly che'c dust conditions. "The fact :that- many of the mines in this district are be ing gradually consolidated'under 4 or 5 larte companies tends to promote tood working conditions and increased attention to ventilation and sanita tion. A movement is also on Toot to provide sanitorium facilities. vrt;/ Dr. H erriw ether has made about 3,000 examinations to d a te, and i s experienced in th is type o f work*- He Informed me, c o n fid e n tia lly , that he had recently examined the entire*personnel of two mines belcngir ^ to one of our groups, totalling 800 men and found ?Z% tuberculous and 5E rith'silicosis. I expect to visit richer from-time to time "so ar> to keep in. active touch with the work. The two Metropolitan nurses in Picher are doing very good work ana are very well thought of by the mine operators. They will con tinue to havfe their office in the same building with the clinic. - C A T i w M A . Dl3t:i H I C H t ACTH PrOB4 *.MS EME.RY F. h A T H l R S T M D OHSUUIH^ 4 CoCUM SUf 3l( N l k T OHIO P>- C> Itey 17. 1933 Road *4 US VR f A230 Dr A J# L4n4t Assistant Uedioe.1 Diraotor, Metropolitan Lif* Insurance Co.. Sa York City, law York. Dear Dr Laasa: Inclosed herewith plaaaa find a oopy of the deposition of Dr Clayton 8 Ssdth and of ny w m evidence in tha first of tha aoriaa of la(al oaaaa resulting Aroai tha alleged silicosis da-ralo^santa at tha law River powar tunnel project This oaaa 1 that of Reyaend W Johnaon (an aaploya) Vk Htnahart A Dannis Co., at al (tha contractera ). Z havw indioatad certain corrections in rad pane11 whara sds takes ara obvious, aitbsr an part cr that of tha stenographer. This oopy of sgr testiaony as trassribad by a stenographer for tha Kinehart Dennis Co.( and Z think ha osda a pretty goad job of it. You 111 notioo agr attaept at simplified language, also aaay gramatioal slips, sto. - tbs oase being hsrrd boforo . looally sslsotod lsy jury. Benoe. plsaso be gently oritleal of tha phraseology and so on. but lay on heavily whara you think Z o n in srror and Z shall appreolato it. You ill find these taro nsaussripts noot valuable for tha direct avidanoa of tho Vest Virginia situation rather than for tha opinions contained regarding ailiooais. In this Hayaond Johnaon oasa. s o w 88 lsy witnesses had already been heard before Z arrived, while the plaintiff. Mr Johnson, and his physician. Dr L* R Barlass. preoeded no on the wltneee stand Z waited thero until the two X-ray specialists froa charleston. Dr Hughey and Dr* Laabert. had given their testlacaloo which corroborated adne. and then de parted for Ooltafcue. Z an inferned that tha meet week Dr Panooast and Dr* Jaaee J. Britton appeared for the defense. Dr Panooast Halted his teetlnony to the X-ray f i l m of Ur. Johnson alone and stated that in his opinion they were tuberculosis and not silloosis. while Dr* Britton considered all the evldenoes. X-ray and otherwise, and declared the ease was purely one of tuberouloeis and not silicosis; thus, we obviously disagreed I think the trial m e t have covered between four and five weeks. Finally it resulted in a disap*assent on the part of the jury Dr Barless wrote ne under date of key 10th that seven of the jurors wero in favor of finding for the plaintiff Johnson, and five were for the defendant. "There is very strong suspioioa that those five were corrupted by an agent for the defense* One of the five has been susaoned before the Court and was fined for eantoqpt on the evldenoe that he discossed the ease during tha progress of tho trial. X think a eeoond one will perhaps reoeivw a suasions to appear Di - A- J. L&r.t* Pago 2. before the Court to never contes^t charge. Of course it la very difficult to obtain rrLdenoe sufficient to establish oharges of bribery, but there la no doubt in my mind *(. to rhat happened* The ocao wva cleanly von for the plaintiff by orerahelming eTidenoo. The same oace, or another one will eome to trial soon, perhaps in thia month." Judge Eary, who presided (dremit court, Fayotterillo, W. V.), I oonsidered very fair indeed. I am rending similar copies to Sayers arid Run ell. You nay keep thia material for your files With all best regards, Sinoerely yours . i ( **^* C///YJ>// vVjy**8"' S:S.r//srs-///is-/i/ //' S/sr/'O* si//f/jZ;/z///j//YrJ cZ/zr/ei/Zxzjr.{ZZfv/z// .v<$Vrj< v^^rvi'*> May 18, I S M . Anthony J. Lenza, M.D., Metropolitan Lifo Insurance Compony, 1 Madison Arenue, New York City, New York. Dear Tony: Thank you, first of all, for the copy of your "Comments on Asbestos*, which I have read with very great Interest. There seem/ still.to be one or two things to be learned on this subject.' Secondly, I am much obliged for-your prompt reply to my letter about Mrs. Lee and her granitio difficulties.I am communicating this to her end you will no doubt hear from her before long. ...... I have just secured and had a photostat copy made of the discussion.on Jones* soricite theory which appeared in tho February, 1934 Bulletin of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. I suppose this is already old stuff to you, but in case it is not, I would be glad to lend it to you. DaTid Beyer has it at the moment. Edwin and I spent a couple of interesting hours with Dr. Cray in Hartford yesterday and came ewsy more than ever impressed with the excellent job he is doing on a nHnifflinn of wherewithal. Sincerely, HB:CM Manfred Sdwditoh Occupational Hygienist * vv: V - -.--LiPr. > is saas IPEssmEiffivs usate SU B SID IA R Y OF BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION GENERAL OFFICES ANO PLANT S o u t h B e n d ,Indiana "ootor Lanza Assistant- Medical Director metropolitan Life insurance Co. New York, New York Dear Dootor Lanza: Recently I have had X-Rays taken of four individuals exposed to silicosis and have had some varying in terpretations as to pathology given by various local X -Ray men. Consequently, if it is your w i s h I would, be very grad to send the X-Rays along w i t h a brief history of exposure and any complaints that the patients may have in addition to chest expansion. Should there be any additional information that you wish let me know and X will try to include same. Thanking you again for your courtesy while in New York City and in regard to the X-Ray pictures you sent me our local X-Ray men insist that it is a case of healed miliary tuberculosis in giite of the history you gave me on the case. K S HI Howeebev 21* 1932 Dr. K. Sellgr Director of Personnel( twiitx Product# Corp., 8outh Beod, lad. Dear Dr. SelbyJ I *m rrj gld to hear fro ye, aad aaotild raxy such Ilk# to #o# your X-Fay pictures. If you 111 send thee along 1th such clinical information and history nat*rlal as you hare etailebls, X will return the sad lot you know how th#y look to us. Z as not surprised at bat yea tall aa about your loeal X-ray sen. It atoss to ka that X-ray experts are ary prone to forget the feet that after all they are only looking at abadovs aad the asouat of informa tion which you an get froa looking at a shadow is very lisited. With bast regards Siaoarely yours, A. J. Lansa, D. Assistant iadioal Director Os Mdigr, tfcoasbar t, Z milvd * rlait fro* Mr* I* J Ellmbothtt Pratfida&l #f tba v. 1 Ci m 4 S'vi Mraf&aturliif Coopeay. t. I1|U> botica mu rafarrod to *a throagh iba Group Birlsloa, Mr* Hlflabtfhctt'a eoapuy saaofUtaru pluhitc mar* aad rfcll fcie of fisa ls la Baffalo hia plast 1 eltoetod la Zlllnaie mot far fro* Terra Sfeate* Ttdiiai. Ce haa had ooao Aui| alta w ailieoeta filad afelsat bis aad u iataraatad ia 3o*rp!nf abai ba aoold af thla dlcaaoo and iba (aaral aitaati&o la rcgard to daaftfo auita af tilla matara* Z apaai oavmrel boors vith Mr* Itylahothaa* fitlaf btu lmfaraatiaa aa to tba tatu* atara aad pracraaa af tllcocie ad alaa (ivlac hia tba aoaplaia baakground af thla aitoatio* hiab b u arle* u a raanlt af (asaca solt bufe bivwa baaa filad agaiaat sorporatloas ia tba laai aoopla of yur* Z alto Suputad camal ftlaa abiab Ir* E2flabotbaa had broofbt aitb lia* Tbsac acra filas tabea af iba imdlvidoaic iba ara aaicg bia otpof aed ha aa awdoas to bao faathar V u f raally had MIL ooaic ar not* Z cava Mr* BicLabothaa agr diacaoela toad 90a agr raadlif of thoeo flate boi cdviaad bia to aoaeuli JDr* fasooaei im fbilmdelphia if ba alabad ta (ct xpart rrldcsee tbat ha aoald sea ia tba defenu. of M e Canaca alte* Z aleo arrancad for M m to aaai Mr* Tamdlvar Brota Central Cotsaeal of-Iba Juut ramilla Coopcuy aad aleo furoiabad kiu Itb Utattan deallnf dUi io problema tbat ba itt atad/ at hia IMaura* Ba had lasch tofathar Mth Mr* bruu{h aad Br* Bata# aad thara Alaooaead auaa of tba lacal upaoto of hia problema* Z | m Ur* Bisimbothu as outllne of tba orle af tba foliagrboldara Servia# Uoroea aad thaa oondaeted hia to Mr* KmaacbU affloa* Doeesber A* 18,11 A* A* Lesee I* 0* Aseietast Medita! Dirootor ' - > .,* 1a w h-w b1 1 !><wt-ywf r*- -*s< - >>**>,*|gr*i!MHCUWr* W w r w w - vni 6< ' Paul O. Snok e .m . D. 12* cou.:o Avtrfu* Lamca*t. Pa. OP#' ouat U***ii I<ot 0 MW 1 p OAlk* taetP* Twyainav A9 *U**&** December 14, 1939. Dr. Vi. J. McConnell Assistant Medical Director Metropolitan Lifa Insurance Co. Nov York, H. Y. Dear Doctor McConnell* Thank you rery much for ao promptly Bonding me the films of Harold Snader. I have reviewed them, and find no evidence of aobeotosle. At the request of the Insurance Company, I am Bonding them on to Dr. Pendergrass so that he too may file on opinion in this case. Your calling our attention to the films of Dawson Ehodes ie very much appreciated. You will doubtless remember that there was a very definite question of chronic constrictive perl-carditis in this man's case, and some of us became very much interested in him. At our insistance he vent to see Dr. Claude Sock in Cleveland, taking all of hie records with him. After considerable study Dr. Beck wrote mo at great length about this very Interesting man, and they concluded, especially from thoir kymographic studies that he did not have chronic adhesive peri carditis* Hr. Ehodes films inadvertently were placed in our files. We are sending then to you today under separate cover* \ (U) You are to' be very ouch congratulated upon the excellent work you have done with the U.S.Asbestos Co. I have seen quite a few of the workmen who tell me that a groat deal of money has been sepnt in koeping down the dust. Vo have also been privileged to x-ray the chests,of the mon before they have been employed by the Company. Some of this is the result of the recent Compensation Act in Pennsylvania. This pre-employment study of the chests has been very fruitful, and in the course of years will pay large dividends to the Company. Z am eure. Permit me to again express my appreciation to you for your kind offices, and wish you the Season's Greetings. Yexy truly yo' v l ig p . J L l. JOSlO 0135 Il has been said that "all history becomes subjective: in other words there is properly no history, only biography." Insofar as this is true of the general systems of law and science and culture concerning which it was written, it is also true of the special system of principles and rules and guides that are distinctive of. in dustrial medicine, particularly in their develop ment period. As with all movements that have grown into maturity, industrial medicine had its years when the men who were fashioning its form and shaping its future, themselves made its events, each distinguished by the addition of a timely talentor a needed ability as its possessor laid it on the altarof his dedication. The history of those years is the combined biographies of those men, and the order of industrial medicine that evolved from their work is the result of their combined contributions. Many of those men are gone, but a few have survived to see their field of endeavor become a profession. Profiles in Occupational Health /HthcHif J. Xanja, iH.fo. ^ 1884-1964 One of the few isAnthony J. Lanza -- "Tony," for so "this side of our known world esteems him." His contribution was an aggregate of con tributions, a lifetime of them. That is an objec tive estimate. His own preference is to charac terize his career in terms of one accomplishment rather than many. The nearest he can come to this singularity is to describe his part in the de velopment of industrial medicine as having been principally that of a "catalyzer.** It is an apt ex pression. If the catalyzer concept be transferred from substance to circumstance, and given the working arena of human instead of material contacts, the term may comprehend an action or reaction induced or accelerated by a personal presence, and in that sense it is applicable to much of what this man has been doing for near lyfiftyyears.The term ishis,but thebiographer could not have found a better one to describe % part -- and only a part, but perhaps in some respectsthebetterpart-- ofhismany activities. It isprobable that, in "catalyzer" capacity, Tony Lanza has converted more ph ysician s and indus trialists to the philosophy of industrial medicine, reconciled- more oppoeing views, made more m O r. Anthony J . Lanza, a distinguished pio- j neer in occupational health, died in New York \ C ity on M onday, M arch 23, 1964. ; In the Novem ber, I9 6 0 , issue o f this journal, : th ere appeared a living trib u te to D r. Lanza. | Since it appears unlikely th a t any more suit- ; ab le trib u te m ight be prepared a fte r his j d eath , th a t I9 6 0 Profile h here reproduced. recommendations in a greater variety of situa tions, softened away more arguments, attended and presided at more meetings and conferences formal and mforaud, been chairman of more committees, and guided more discussions into constructive channels than any other man in the field of occupational health. His contributions echo in a thousand places. Unfortunately for the record as to many of his"catalyzer"accomplishments, however, "echo" isaboutallthatremainsintheway ofidentifica tion. Their details have been obscured by time, aL there is practically no documentation in anythinghe has,nor any guideto itelsewherein Indutfrial M edicine and g v rffitff what he will admit. He possesses no diary, no scrapbook of clippings, no files of copies or re prints. As to such reminders his comment is that he can't bother with them. If, for reasons of merit, and regardless of whom they concern, they are worth keeping, their preservation is the business of those who staff the archives. This attitude extends to all of his contributions, but ithas an added meaning for such of them as have the catalyzer connotation. The catalyst has a use but no history. It comes and goes unchanged. For it to assume that it did more than that, and to buttress the assumption with accumulated proof, might savor of supererogation. And so he preserves few contacts with the past Among his meager concessions to the permanence of time that is gone are the copies he haa in his library of the books of which he was author or editor. Chronologies of the "Who's Who" type he can't escape, but it is suspected that his feel ingtowardthem isacquiescenceasmuch aspride. The reason for this is not modesty or indiffer ence. Rather itseems involved with temperament and sense of values. About the time he graduated in medicine he was deeply impressed by a state ment he found in an essay by Sir William Osier to the effect that if one performs each day's work to the best of his ability he need not be unduly concerned for the future, as it will take care of itself. That, in general, has been his philosophy -- "each day's work to the best of his ability." In particular, and in keeping with thesenseoffinality-- almostfatalism-- implicit in such discipline, he considers that what isdone is done, "and that's an end of it," and now to go on from there. This applies in whatever he under takes. If he were a bridge player he would treat a hand played as a hand played, and have no interest in the prompt postmortem. Sufficient unto the occasion is what it was; its importance is the score at its end. If that is deserving of a lasting place, the future will put it where it be longs.And Kismetthenwillbeamanuensis. In terms of his philosophy, and subordinating the "catalyzer" characterization, Tony Lanza's career in industrial medicine is a half-century multiple of "each day's work to the best of his ability." Examination of the "day" in its repeti tions, and the "ability" in its manifestations, may, therefore, prove revealing. Doctor Lanza was born in New York City in March, 1884, the son of Manfredi and Clara (Hammond! Lanza, and was named Anthony Joseph. His fatherdied when he was a small boy, and the family moved to Washington, D. C, where he grew up with the ambition to add one more to the three, successive generations in which a family member had practiced medicine in the United States. Successful in a competitive examination for one of the scholarships estab lished by William Corcoran, founder of the Cor coran Art Gallery, he enrolled at George Washington University Medical School, and graduated M.D. in 1906. After a period as Chief Resident at the Eastern Dispensary and Casualty Hospital, he was commissioned in the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service), and in 1907 was assigned to the Marine Hospital in San Francisco. There he had the unforgettable experience of finding in the surgicalward a case of bubonic plague, diagnosed postmortem, whereupon, "all hell broke loose." When the confusion was com pounded by the discovery, also in his ward, of a second case, likewise diagnosed postmortem, the Surgeon General sent Doctor Rupert Blue to take command of antiplague operations. Doctor Blue recognized the situation, brought it under control, and the "plague epidemic" aborted. In 1908 Doctor Lanza was detailed as Ship's Surgeon in the Revenue Cutter Service, now the Coast Guard, and made several cruises to the Aleutian Islands and the Bering Sea on the Cut terR u sk . He alsoservedontheCuttersM a n n in g , M cC ullough, and B e a r. The tour of duty on the B e a r was another experience to be remembered, for the B e a r -- even then recognized as "the stoutest ship ever built" -- was to become famous as Admiral Byrd's flagship in the Ant arctic in 1933. Following his Revenue Cutter assignments, Doctor Lanza was appointed Medical Inspector inthe Immigration Service, Fort of San Francis co. As Boarding Officerhe examined immigrants under the same medical regulations as those that governed entry at Ellis Island. After about a year he was detailed to the Marine Hospital Tuberculosis Sanitarium at Fort Stanton, New Mexico. There he became interested in clinical tuberculosis, and in tuberculosis as an occupa tional disease. That was the beginning of his lifelong identification with industrial medicine. In 1913 he was sent from Fort Stanton to the old Hygienic Laboratory in Washington, ante cedent of the National Institute of Health, and already famous for the work of its distinguished physicians in connection with the principal healthproblemsofthetime: Stiles,inhookworm; Goldberger, in pellagra; Lumsden, in typhoid; Francis, in tularemia; McClintock, in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. At the Laboratory, under preceptors of their quality he received intensive instruction in biological diagnosis and research techniques in general, and when this was finished he was appointed to the Bureau of Mines as Chief Surgeon. From then on his work in the Publie Health Service was to be in con nection with occupational diseases. June, 1964 His first assignment as Chief Surgeon was to take over the investigations of health conditions in the lead and zincmines in the Joplin, Missouri, district, which had been started by the Public Health Sen-ice but in 1914 were assumed by the Bureau of Mines. There was an extraordinary prevalence of tuberculosis among the miners, and, accompanying it, was an underlying occupa tional disease which they themselves recognized and labeled "miner's con." Doctor Lanza ex amined the miners at a clinicestablished for that purpose at nearby Webb City, and, with Edwin Higgins, Mining Engineer, made extensive studies of ventilation, temperatures, and dust conditions underground. His first report (with Higgins), published in 1915, covered the pulmo nary diseases among the miners and their rela tion to rock dust in the mines. His second, in 1917, was on "miners' consumption." And his third (with Harrington), in 1921, had special reference to lung conditions in the Montana area. About the time Doctor Lanza began the Joplin studies, the Public Health Service established its Division of Industrial Hygiene, under Doctor Joseph Schereschewsky, who, as head of theOffice of Field Investigations of Occupational Diseases, had just completed an exhaustive study of the health of garment workers in New York City. When World War I interrupted the mining Investigations centering in Butte, Doctor Lanza was assigned to the Laboratory Station in Pitts burgh, under Schereschewsky's direction. He was followed as Chief Surgeon of the Bureau of Mines by Doctor R. R. Sayers, who had been associated with him in the Joplin and Butte investigations. In January, 1918, Schereschewsky was given charge of the USPHS Division of Scientific Research, and Doctor Lanza succeeded him as head of the Division of Industrial Hy giene. While the war continued, this Division's principal concern was the health of the workers in munitions plants and the environment in which they livedand labored. In 1920, after thirteen years in the Public Health Service, Doctor Lanza resigned to become Medical DirectoroftheHydraulicSteelCompany, at Cleveland, Ohio.This was an unusual company. All its executives were young men -- none was over forty; and itslabor relations and social and personnel policies were decades ahead of their time. Being the head of its Medical Department was a comfortable job. But Destiny hadn't been preparing this man for that kind of a life. It allowed him a year of it, and then the Interna tional Health Board of the Rockefeller Founda tion, which had been arranging to set up a Division of Industrial Hygiene in the National Health Service of Australia, offered him the position of Special Field Officer. He promptly 116 accepted, and -- with Wilbur Sawyer who after ward became head of the International Health Board, and Frank Longley, Engineer -- set sail for"down under."He wasstationedinMelbourne, the capital; hisChief was Doctor H. L.Cumpston. Director General of Health. Australia, however, was not ready for industrial hygiene supervision on a national scale, and the undertaking resulted in not much of permanent value. The State of New South Wales established its own Industrial . Hygiene Division, which is still active; but it took the exigencies of World War II to demon strate to the general economy the advantages of doing the same. After a little more than three years -- during which he had visited mines and factories in all parts of the continent, seeing and learning, and had ventured a published com ment on his observations -- Doctor Lanza felt that he had accomplished all he could, notified the International Board, and returned to the United States. He was thinking of going back into industry as a Medical Director -- not, how ever, for Hydraulic Steel, as it had lost its identity in a merger -- when the opportunity to join Metropolitan Life Insurance Company as an Assistant Medical Director presented itself. He says of this: "Fortunately for me, I had the good sense to accept." At Metropolitan, together with the late Doctor Wade Wright, he conducted a consultationservice in industrial medicine and industrial hygiene for the benefit of the many concerns whose group life insurance was carried by his company. Among those who worked with him side by side throughout the twenty-three years he was with Metropolitan were J. Wm. Fehnel, experienced in industrial hygiene, and Doctor Wm. J. Mc Connell, quiet, capable possessor of vast wisdom inindustrialmedical matters, freelyshared when it would serve a need. The varieties of working conditionswithwhich thesemen became familiar were allthat could be imagined, and the problems they presented ran the gamut of the possible and sometimes nudged the impossible. A soondiscovered relation between the problems and the kind of industry in which they occurred led tothe inauguration ofindustry-widestudies,and beginning with its survey of occupational pul monary disease in the asbestos industry, the Metropolitan group became distinguished for its industry-wide analyses of the hazards to health in foundries, potteries, chemical plants, the makingofsteel,andmany otherkindsofwork. In 1925 the Metropolitan Life organization, together with the Mine Operators' Association, the Public Health Service, and the Bureau of Mines brought about the establishment, at Picher, Oklahoma, of the Picher Clinic for the further investigation of miners' diseases- and Industrial Medicine and Surgery v.'.rkint' cf'ndiuw.is in the Tri-State area (Kan sas,Missouri,Oklahoma),Two yearslater,atage forty, Dr. Leroy U. Gardner, already distin guished as a pathologist and authority on tuber culosis and pneumoconiosis, became Director of the Saranac Laboratory, at Saranac Lake, New York, and thereafter, at Doctor Lanza's behest, he and his Assistant Director, Donald Cummings, gave invaluable aid to the Picher Clinic in advice and counsel, and by way of scientific research that brought the Saranac Laboratory into en during fame. Deports of the Picher enterprise are found in various governmental publications. Doctor Lanza and Doctor Gardner became great friends, and each was a source of inspiration to the other. Considering the unusual ability both possessed to inspire others in general, this was a high-voltage relation. The remarkable success of Doctor.Gardner's Symposiums on Silicosis ia bringingtogetherscientistsand researchers from all over the world owed much to Doctor Lanza's cooperation, and reflected, to an extent, his international acquaintance among those who were interested in the pneumoconioses. During the 1930'a Doctors Lanza and Gardner, together with Doctor R. R. Sayers, of the USPHS, who had suc ceeded Doctor Lanza as Chief Surgeon of the Bureau of Mines, were "a persuasive triumvir ate" In widespread educational activities among medical and technical societies, industrial organ izations, and legislative groups, aimed at bring ing about a better understanding of occupational diseases in their clinical as well as their compen sation aspects. Doctor Gardner died in 1946, at age58,untimelytaken inhisbrilliantprime. n At the outbreak of World War II, Doctor Lanza, on leave from Metropolitan, was cora^-missioned Lieutenant Colonel In the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army, and put In charge of the newly-created Division of Occupational \ Health, Preventive Medicine Service, under the direction of the late General James S. Simmons, who -.afterward became Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health. This was an entirely N... .new enterprise^theArmy, and itnecessitated X^rauch reshapingof traditions! attitudes regardNsng the fiinctjeias of a military physician. The Army quickly became owner of all types of manufacturing plants, and the operator of most of them, the others being run by contractors. -Doctor Lanza's Division was concerned only with, the Amy-operated plants but these pro duced ordnance, airplanes, chemicals, clothing, fodd.and food containers,munitions,quartermas tersupplies,and whateverelsetheArmy needed, and,'at the peak of the war effort, employed more than a millionpeople,about fortypercentof them wom en. H ere again Doctor L aoaa bad the benefitofthe abilitiesand servicesof Doctor Wil- 'lu n e , 1961 inn- McConnell, who was charged with the re.p.-nribilityofhealthsupervision intheordnance plants. Under Doctor Lanza's Division of Oc cupational Health were the A m y Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, first set up in the School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins, under the direction of the late Doctor Raymond Hussey, and the Armored Force Medical Research Labor atory at Fort Knox, better known as the Tank Laboratory, a most successful enterprise headed by Doctor Willard Machle. In 1942, Doctor Lanza was promoted to the rank of Colonel. When he left the Service three years later and returned to his position at Metropolitan Life, he left to his successor. Colonel Leigh Cook, the well-organized industrial medical program he had established in the Army. This has been continued, and for a long time has had Its counterparts in the Navy and the Air Force. The Industrial Hygiene Laboratory be came the Environmental Hygiene Laboratory, located at Edgewood, New Jersey. Doctor Lanza was awarded the Legion of Merit. In 1947, Doctor Lanza was asked by New York University if he would be interested in organ ingan InstituteofIndustrialMedicine initsPox Graduate Medical School. This he considered M challenge and an opportunity he could not re fuse, and so, through the cooperation of the University authorities and Metropolitan Life, itwas arranged thathe would givehalfhistime to each until his retirement from Metropolitan which, under Company regulations, would be due in 1949. At the start the Institute was part of the Department of' Preventive Medicine, of which Professor Edward Melany was Chairman. After two years It was set up independently, with Doctor Lanza as Director and Professor of Industrial Medicine. The Institute was successful in bringing together as faculty members a young and enthusiastic group, both full-time and parttime; and when Doctor Lanza, under the Univer sity's compulsory retirement system, retired in 1954 as Professor Emeritus he left it solidly established, with Doctor Norton Nelson as its able and energetic Director, and Doctor David Goldstein, Medical Direct of T h e .Vew Y o rk T im e t, itsProfessorofIndustrialMedicine. Although compulsory retirement age has over taken him twice-- at 65 at Metropolitan Life, and at 70 at New York University-- the third time is not yet, for now, at 76, Doctor Lanza is still active, still interested, writing and editing within hisbelovedfield.In additiontoethercom mitments, be ia Editor-ife-Chief of the series of Modern Monographs in Industrial Medicine (.Grue & Stratton) now appearing from time to tim e. One w ishes liewould pen the narrative of his long and varied experience. There ia more JOiO than the suggestion 'i drama in many of h:s "catalyzer" episodes. Their stories all would be interesting1, and some could have definite value, particularly those of his contacts with the mili tary mind -- which knew nothing and.caredless about industrial medicine, and couldn't conceive of an Army doctor in any other relation than as serving troops. What he did, and the fact that he did it, are history, but the firsthand account ofhutr hedid itcouldproveusefulinmany places. Doctor Lanza's thirteen years in-the Public Health Service. 1007-1920, coinciding as they did with the years of industrial medicine's most r;.piii and intensive growth, brought him into contact with practically the whole range of its problems; and his investigative, analytical, and retentive mind stored up an encyclopedic knowledge of their causes and solutions. This, as the years were to prove, was excellentscientific equipment for a long future as consultant. The year or so as Medical Director for Hydraulic Steel reinforced his practical .background, and his temperament and special abilities furnished allelsethatwas needed tomake thatlong future a successful one. Interestingly, it does not appear thatsuch a future was the one he sought -- there was even a period, just after his return from Australia and while he was in an advisory capacity with the National Health Council, dur ing which the comparative security of a Medical Directorship in industry seemed much more attractive. However, it was the future for which he had been prepared and the Guiding Hand that had led him thus far was not to let him stray. Industrial medicine already had consul tants -- jn_surgery, diagnosis, toxicology, ad ministration, research, occupational diseases, '-techniques in general. But, even so,therewas the feelingthat-more were needed, although what for was only dimly seen. Tony Lanza's emergence .wasa sortofcumulative answer. It was gradual, almostimperceptibleas it cams topass; thesuc cessive^needs he filled had a way of seeming to appear tangible only after he bad met their demands, or quieted their latent threats. And so-his progress.Visard the eminence that Ishis '^s little noted'w^lt went along; and thus was unrecorded. A n d b y the time it was realized thathe'ha^ become a consultant of such abilities as gave new. meaning to the term, it was much too late for th.ely. memos on how he got that way. In review, tidwever, and because there is no alternative, something of a record may be at tempted from several objectivesources. Ode of these sources is the recollections of tha many who have worked with him or have seen ;him inaction. He was always a "team" worker; -never a." cau se " man, or cru sad er; never pro tagonist in any individualistic purely Lanza '> 1*. fv enterprise. The matter in h.-.nd was his only concern; and his altitude toward itwas objective, his interest in it proportional to its value in the developmentofindustrial medicine, histreatment of it impersonal. In his contacts with organized medicine, grudgingly aware of the new profes sion growing in its midst, and with industry, in terested but unconvinced, he was the perfect liai son. Unselfish, sincere, plain spoken -- sometimes almost blunt-- his presence was felt, even when his part in what was going on was only the undramatic "passiveness of a catalyst in the result." Granting the "catalyzer" role, he gave ithis own distinction. Whether active or passive in- the action or reaction, he left something of himself in it and added something to his own experience from it. He was too forceful to be present without the one; too sensitive to leave without the other. The influence of his personal ity was almost tangibly and measurably a quiet, palpable, centripetal force, impelling toward the center of whatever was in hand. All this, throughout the years, built up a second source from which, with search and pa* tience, the record as to Tony Lanza's place in the* development of industrial medicine may be con-i firmed. This consists of the impressively largei| number of references to him, items about him,' and comments on his work thatone comes upon in the literature of industrial health, occupational diseases, and industrial hygiene -- "comes upon" because they are not indexed and mostly they occur in identification with co-workers and as sociates, or with the subject of the text An example is found in a reference to "a world re view and evaluation" of "Silicosis and Allied Dis orders." One reads: "This report was prepared by the (Industrial Hygiene) Foundation's Medical Committee, under the leadership of itsChairman, Dr. A. J. Lanza, and *brought together for the first time a practical summary of what was known and remained to be learned about dust diseases.'" Another occurs in connection with in dustrial medicine inWestern Pennsylvania; he is named as one of four distinguished men who "figured prominently in its development." There are many similar allusions to his part ia what ever was going on. But much more numerous are such capsule encomiums as: "pioneer in the in vestigation of industrial dust hazards in the United States"; "distinguished tor long and in structive experience in industrial hygiene"; "leader inthe development of industrial medicine in the United States and the world." Students of the published material on*occupational diseases and industrial hygiene encounter recognitions of this kind so frequently and in so many contexts that they take them quite for granted as fittingly phrased and property placed. In the permanence nnif Industrial Medicine end Surgery of the printed word, "A. J. Lanza" is an oftenmet and much-respected name. A third source from which information about this man may be derived is the formal, indexed account of the books he has to his credit, the ad dresses he has made, and the articles, reports, and technical papers he has produced. These are listed in several chronologies. Their texts confirm his distinction as indeed a pioneer in the investigation of dust diseases in general, and the identification of silicosis in 'particular. His books include S ilic o s is a n d A s b c s to s is (1938) -- "the still definitive book in this field" -- and I n d u s tr ia l H y g ie n e (with Jacob Goldberg, 1939).The timing of his articles and reports shows the second half of them published in 1933-35 (the lasttwo in J -A .M A ..I. after which it seems that the "catalyzer" part of his work grew into first attention. His continuing interest in occupational diseases, however, isevident from his organization affiliations. He was a Trustee of the Trudeau Foundation, and of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation, and in the latter, Chairman of the-Medical Committee. In the New York Academy of Medicine he was Chairman of the Committee on Industrial Health: in the American Public Health Association, Chairman of the Com mittee on Pneumoconiosis; in the American In stitute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, member of the Committee on Health and Safety in Mines; in the New York Tuberculosis and Health Association, Chairman of the Industrial Hygiene Committee. He was a member of the Medical Subcommittee of the Pennsylvania Com mission on' Compensation for Occupational Dis eases, which made its report in 1933, and a member of the Committee on Prevention of Silicosis through Medical Control, established by the Secretary of Labor in 1936. The American Medical Association's Council on Industrial Health, established in late 1937, added him to its membership a year later. If'theymention itatall, thelong-timechroni clesofindoatrial medicine no doubt will consider it pure eciiadence that the middle thirties, when Doctor Laaxa was beginning tobe really effective in.his self-styled role as "catalyzer," saw the ^ta^t of a remarkable spreading out of industrial memeai programs among industries of all kinds. This wa^clearlyreflectedintheupsurge thatbe gan abouf~then in the membership of the indus trialphysicians'association.From thelowly 1935 total of 257 -- survivors of the twenty-year dol drums in/which the average had been barely more -- the number of members grew to seven times that many ten years later, and then went on to doublethatinthenextensuingten.The economic v influences then at work will be credited, of ~ course,but itiswithinthememory ofmany who lived in the thirties that there were also (hr iii!h;- ences of powerful personalities, and that thc.-.e had so much to do with the happenings of the period -- in big affairs and little -- as to r...-.ke its truest history properly biography. Tony Lan za was one of them; and the Knudsen Award. in dustrial medicine's highest honor, given him in 19-46, was one of the ways his medical colleagues had of telling him, and the world, that they kr.vw him to be so. He was the seventh recipient of this Award. The citation stressed his leadership. But a "catalyzer" leader? Easily enough, when the leadership is less of leading than nf being fol lowed. In this man's case it was effectively that. Unmatched skill in unifying; a p- -itive genius for enlisting the aid and cooperation of thu.-e with whom he worked; the "with" `hat pervades the chronology of the things he accomplished; the results obtained, with the credit shared equally by all -- these characterized the many years of days in which he did "to the best of his ability" whatever fellto him to do. At the meeting of the Permanent Committee and International Association on Occupational Health on the day preceding the official opining of the Thirteenth International Congress o$ Oc cupational Health, at Hew York, July 25-29, 1960, Doctor Lanza, along with Doctor R. R. Sayers (United States) and Professor F. Koelsch (Germany), was made an Honorary Member of the Permanent Committee. This brought to five the number of Honorary Members, only W. R. .V. Kranenburg (Holland) and Alice Hamilton (United States) being the living holders of that distinction at the time of the meeting. And on July 27, 1960, at a reception at New York Uni versity Medical Center, Doctor Lanza was the recipientofa New York University Presidential Citation "for bis leadership in the field of in dustrial medicine and his service to the Univer sity.'* Some three hundred of his colleagues, many of them delegates to the International Con gress on Occupational Health, attended the cere mony. After stating thatDoetor Lanza in 1947 be came the firstDirector of the University Medical Center's Institute of Industrial Medicine, and. in 1949, the first Chairman of the newly-organized Department of Industrial Medicine in the NYU Post Graduate Medical School, the citation con tinued: "Throughout bis career Doctor Lanza's guidancehasbeensoughtby many. He hasserved as adviser in industrial medicine to many indus tries sad other organizations. . . . Behind any recital of dates, titles, and geography are those qualities that,help make the man those around him have known: the warm understanding, the unfaQingly perceptive intellect, the unassailable integrity, and, -most of aQ, the calm and steady wisdom." -- A.D.C. June, 1961 )013 19 Dr. Anthony J. Lanza, associate medical director of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, retires December 31st from his Metropolitan post after 23 years of association with the company. He is an outstanding leader in the field of industrial hygiene and a recognized authority on silicosis. Upon his retirement he will assume full-time duties with the New York University-Bellevue Medical Center as chairman of the Institute of Industrial Medicine and professor of industrial medicine in the College of Medicine. For the past year his services have been loaned by the Metropolitan on a parttime basis to the medical center. His career is marked by service in both World Wars. During World War I he served with distinction in the U.S. Public Health Service, and in World War II he had an outstanding record in the U.S. Army, attaining the rank of colonel in the Medical Corps, and receiving a high decoration. Dr. Lanza was born in Hew York City on March 8, 188k, the son of Manfredi and Clara Hammond Lanza. He received his education in Washington, D. C., where he attended St. John's College and George Washington University, being graduated from the Medical School of the latter institution in 1906. He entered the service of the Metropolitan in January 1926, as an assistant medical director. In conjunction with the late Dr. Wade Wright, he was in charge of the industrial health service of the company's policyholders service bureau. Later he was associated with the welfare division, of which he became executive in charge tinder Second Vice-President Donald B. Armstrong. Dr. Lanza was appointed associate medical director in February 19^5- During World War II, Dr. Lanza served for more than two and a half years 2 in. the United States Army Medical Corps. His service covered the period from March 12, 19^2, through December 1 9 ^ > when he resumed his connection with the Metropolitan. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel less than three months after the Pearl Harbor attach, Dr. Lanza was later promoted to. colonel. He was director of the occupational health division, preventive medicine service, office of the surgeon general. His office had entire charge of industrial hygiene and industrial medical service in all the plants owned and operated by the Army, including Ordnance plants, Chemical Warfare plants, air bases, and ports of embarkation. These Army-operated industrial plants employed at their peak about 900,000 civilians, of whom approximately Uo percent were women. In addition, the occupational health division was responsible for and maintained supervision over Army-owned contractor-operated industrial plants. The occupational health division also maintained the Army industrial hygiene laboratory which was located in the School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore. This laboratory was under the direction of Colonel Beymond Hussey. The occupational health division was also responsible for the organization of the Armored Forces medical research laboratory at Fort Knox, which was under the direction of Colonel Willard Machie. Dr. Lanza carried out his assignment with such sterling ability that he was awarded the Legion of Merit Medal, which was presented to him in April 19^5* The citation accompanying the presentation of the award reads: "For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services from March 19^2 to December 19W-. Colonel Lanza contributed in a high degree to the development of the Army's present industrial health program for civilian workers in Army owned and operated industrial plants. He organized for the Surgeon General a special health service which protects the health of almost a million civilian workers in Army industrial plants, thus contributing to the -3 - uninterrupted flow of munitions. To this task he brought a rich background of special knowledge and experience, which was applied with energy, intelligence, n-rifi wisdom. Largely due to his efforts, the present effective and well-organized program of industrial medicine has been developed, and he thus contributed in a high degree to the success of the Army's program of preventive medicine." Dr. Lanza received the 1 9 W William S-. Knudsen award for the most significant contribution to the field of industrial medicine. In making the award the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons said that Dr. Lanza was named because of the very large task which he handled so ably during the war in the surgeon general's office. While in the public health service during World War I, Dr. Lanza reorganized the office of industrial hygiene, establishing ten branches in as many cities. He reached the grade of senior surgeon - lieutenant colonel. While in the public health service he had a year of hospital work, for two years was at the tuberculosis sanatorium at Port Stanton, New Mexico. He was detailed for about five years to the United States Bureau of Mines as chief surgeon, organizing their medical service. He made many investigations in matters of ventilation and dust in metal, mines, especially in regard to pulmonary dust diseases and tuberculosis. Besigning from the public health service, he became medical director of the Hydraulic Steel Company in Cleveland, Ohio. From there he went to Austreilia for the international health board of the Bockefeller Foundation, as adviser to the Commonwealth Government in inaugurating the division of industrial hygiene in the Federal. Health Department of the Government. After his return in 192h, Dr. Lanza was the executive officer of the National. Hee!.th Council until 1926. Dr. Lanza is married, has two daughters, and lives at Scarborough, N. Y.  - Il - Ha is a member of the Cosmos Club of Washington, D. C., and of the Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Scarborough, Nev York. He is a member also of the following organizations American Medical Association, American Public Health Association, Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons, and National Tuberculosis Association, New York Academy of Medicine. He serves on the following directorates and committees: Chairman, Council on Industrial Health, and member of Editorial Board, Occupational Medicine, American Medical Association; Committee to Promote Educational Activities Among Medical Examiners, Association of Life Insurance MedleAl Directors; Chairman, Industrial Medical Committee, and member Board of Trustees, Industrial H-giene Foundation of America; Chairman, Committee on Industrial Medicine, Nev York Comity Medical Society; Board of Directors, New York Tuberculosis and Health Association; Board of Trustees, Trudeau Sanatorium and Foundation; Medical Advisory Committee, Health and Welfare Fund, United Mine Workers of America. Nov. 28, 19^7 metropolitan l i k e IMSURAHCE CO Industrial Health Service Belft.ro Divisi A.M.A. Ina. Hyg. Found. -- 13.S. Chamber of Cotaaerce Liaison with I)r. Wheatley Medical oi'ganix*tion,etc. sut. Group Div. Medical _ Jc&cscxx*"*" COOP#Xw -- -- -- k ation Mr. P.H.i.B. -- Dir. Risks- with Vane Claims- General uperrisien at H.O. Med.Ex t *s Field coordination etc. Medical organisation Claim Experience, to. Guiowaca and Utilisation Library Editorial Unit Kiss Glatsl Miss Hullock Safety Bureau Industrial Hgiene Bureau Dr. UoConnell(4cAast.T) Mr. Cole Mr. Berk industrial Accidents At Bone Office: Correspondence Literature ljray review Field: Med. Organ. Ventilation Illumination Pars. Hygiene Etc. Mursing Bureau Nutrition Bureau Miss Haupt Miss Guilford Miss atriegei Industrial Nursing Mr. Fefanel end assistants Field: Air pollution Dust studies Fumes Gasses, vapors, etc. l.H.Laboratory: Analyses Reports, etc. May lBth. 1932 BEPOBT of the Activities of the Industrial Hygiene Department. McGill University. ^ 0 4? During the past year the following aotiTities have been carried on b y the Industrial Hygiene Department under the auspices of McGill and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 1. Cli n i c a l A c t i v i t i e s : The policy was continued of ex amining all oases from certain specified trades who presented themselves at the clinic and by this means we continued to make important connections with hasardous industries. The number of cases of lead poisoning treated fell very sharply partly owing to d e c r e a s e d produotion but still more so we believe to the improvements undertaken by the plants.under our supervision and advice. Throughout the year the Health Service for General H o s pital employees and administration of the benefit system among them was continued. The night Industrial Dental Clinic formed as a co-opera tive measure by the industries in whoa we are interested to furnish dental eare at reasonable prices to the employees operated for ten months of the year as usual. Te have lately published an account of its organisation and its financial report for the past three years. 2. Field Work: . While we wdre unsuccessful in establishing health services in any new Industries during the period under review a supervision of those already established was continued. The Toilet Laundry Company employing five hundred people have opened up a local hospital with a nurse in charge and haYe added a p h y s i c i a n to their staff. Ill this was done under our advloe and help. 3. Besearch and Publications; The survey of Asbestos workers in the district about Thetford Mines undertaken by Dr. Pedley was completed in this period. Two very important problems of research were initiated during the period and are being continued: (a) T h e Quebec Industrial H e a l t h Survey. .Assisted b y the Provincial Department of Health and the Canadian Tuber culosis Association we have undertaken to examine fully and to make X-rays of the Chests of 5000 in dustrial workers selected at random from various in- rc 0412' I - 2- dustries of the oity and province. At the date of writing 1700 have already been completed and arrangements are concluded for the e xamination of the remainder. fbl A s e c o n d inves t i g a t i o n is that b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n by Ur. Fraser in the Department of Pharmacology on the toxic effects of mercury. Zhe initial part of this work is concerned with animal ex perimentation and the examination of employees of the Shawinigan Chemical Company in whose work shops mercury is extensively used as a catalyst. Both of these investigations will we believe throw important light on industrial medicine and will be a distinct contribution to the subject as is amply proved by results to date. Some of the publications Issued by the Department during the year are enclosed herewith. 4. Zeachlngt Lectures, laboratory demonstrations and field insiruetlon.have been giTen to various groups of students nurses social workers and candidates for the Faculty of Architecture. Zhe Director of the Department has continued to act as Secretary of the Industrial Medical Association of the Pro vince of Quebeo which has n o w been admitted as a section of the Provincial Medical Association and has maintained con tacts between the physicians doing industrial work and the C o m m i s s i o n of the. W o r k m e n * s C o m p e n s a t i o n Board. 5. Generali Zhe most important development in the Province during this period has been the ooming into force of the new Workmen's Compensation Act of 1931 granting compensation for industrial disease. We continue to work for a provincial department of Industrial Hygiene to carry on officially the work that we have been trying to do in an unofficial way. Zhere is every likelihood that in the near future an Institute of Hygiene will be established for the Province a nd arrangements are being made in the outline of the pro ject for a participation on equal terms of Frenoh and English Industrial Health Departments. Owing to the general depression and consequent re striction of funds a slight reorganisation of the department was earried out. While the olinical w o r k is continued at the hospitals the laboratories and personnel of the expert A.' 041? z staff w a n moved to UoGill University, and the work con tinued as outlined to you in our letter of August 22nd, 1931. Iw q of the activities then recorded will be dropped this year, namely, the Health Service for General Hospital employees and the systematic sampling of all new admissions to the out-door department. This is in part compensated for, however, by weekly attend ance at staff rounds and through co-operation of other workers in the oat-patient department, by means of which there oontinues to be a supply of material from industrial diseases for observation and attention. In a similar w a y the staff of the Boyal Victoria Hospital is co-operating to inorease the contacts between the department and in dustrial disease. Social Science Service? A great deal of activity is g o i n g on at lieGill at the pre s e n t time i n soeial scienoe research, in which connection the Industrial Hygiene De partment is taking a n active participation. Unemployment is being studied intensively by the Departments of Sociology, P o l i t i c a l E c o n o m y find the Faculty of Hedielne, a n d a c o - o p e r a t i v e g r o u p is in- this w a y s t u d y ing unemployment from its various aspects. Physical examination is to be prooedure in groups of the unemployed of the Industrial Hygiene Department, r e s u l t s .t h e r e f r o m are anticipated. undertaken as a routine under the direction and some interesting May lBth, 1952 REPORT of the Activities of the Industrial Hygiene DepartDent. McGill University. 9 4? During the past year the following activities hare been carried on h y the Industrial H ygiene Department under the auspices of McGill and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 1. Clinical Activitiest She policy vas eontinued of ex- amining all oases from certain specified trades vho presented themselves at the olinie* and hy this means ve eontinued to make important connections vith hasardons industries. She number of cases of lead poisoning treated fell very sharply* partly owing to d e c r e a s e d production* hut still more so* ve believe* to the improvements undertaken hy the plants.under our supervision and advice. Throughout the year the Health Service for General Hos pital employees and administration of the benefit system among them was continued. She night Industrial Dental Clinic* formed as a co-opera tive measure by the industries in whom ve are interested to furnish dental care at reasonable prices to the employees* operated for ten months of the year as usual. Ve hate lately published an account of its organisation and its financial report for the past three years. 2. Field Work: . While ve vre u n s uoeessful in establishing h e a l t h se r v i c e s i n a n y n e v i n d u s t r i e s d u r i n g the p e r i o d tinder reviev* a supervision of those already established was continued. The Toilet Laundry Company* employing five hundred people* have opened up a local hospital vith a nurse in charge* and have added a physician to their staff. All this vas done under our advloe and help. 3. Research and Publications: The survey of Asbestos workers in the district about Thetford Mines* undertaken by Dr. Pedley* vas completed in this period. Two very Important problems of research were Initiated during the period* and are being continued! (a) T h e Quebec Industrial H e a l t h Survey. .Assisted b y the Provincial Department of Health and the Canadian Tuber culosis Association* ve have undertaken to examine fully and to make X-rays of the bhests of 5*000 in dustrial workers selected at random from various in- 0412' I - 2 dustries of the city and p r orino. It the date of writing 1700 hare already been completed and arrangements are concluded for the examination of the remainder. tb) A s e c o n d i n r e s t i g a t i o n is that b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n by Ur. Fraser, in the Department of Pharmacology, on the toxic effects of mercury. She initial part of this work is concerned with animal ex perimentation and the examination of employees of the Shawinigan Chemical Company, in whose work shops mercury is extensirely us e d as a catalyst. Bbth of these inrestigations will, we beliere, throw important light on industrial medicine, and will be a distinct contribution to the subject, as is amply proTed by results to date. Some of the publications issued b y the Department during the year are enclosed herewith. 4. Beaching lectures, laboratory demonstrations and f i e l d i n s t r u c t i o n .hare b e e n g i v e n to various gro u p s of students nurses, social workers and eandldates for the Faculty of Architecture. She Direotor of th Department has oontlnued to aet as Secretary of the Industrial Xedloal Association of the Pro vince of Quebec, whioh has n o w been admitted as a section of the P r o v i n c i a l liadieal Associ a t i o n , a n d h a s m a i n t a i n e d c o n tacts between the physioians doing industrial work and the C o m m i s s i o n of the. W o r k m e n ' s C o m p e n s a t i o n Board. 5 G e n e r a l t She most important d e velopment in the Province during this period has been the coming into force of the new Workmen's Compensation Aet of 1931, granting compensation for industrial disease. We continue to work for a provincial department of Industrial Hygiene to carry on officially the work that we have been trying to do in an unofficial way. Shore is every likelihood that in the near future an Institute of Hygiene will be established for the Province, and arrangements are being made in the outline of the pro ject for a participation on equal terms of French and English Industrial Health Departments. Owing to the general depression, and consequent re striction of funds, a slight reorganisation of the department w a s c a r r i e d out. While the olinieal w o r k is continued at the hospitals, the laboratories and personnel of the expert < i- 041? z - staff a m moved to HoGill University, and the work con tinued as outlined to you in our letter of August 22nd, 1931. Swo of the aetiTitles then recorded ill be dropped this year, namely, the Health Service for &sneral Hospital employees and the systematic sampling of all no admissions to the out-door department. This is in part compensated for, however, by weekly attend ance at staff rounds and through co-operation of other workers in the out-patient department, by means of which there continues to be a Bupply of material from industrial diseases for observation and attention. In a similar w a y the staff of the Hoyal Victoria Hospital is co-operating to increase the contacts between the department and in dustrial disease* Social Science Services A great deal of aotivity is going on at HeGiil at the present time in social soienoe research, in which eonnsetion the Industrial Hygiene de partment is taking a n active participation* Unemployment is being studied intensively by the departments of Sociology, Political Economy fhd the Faculty of H e d icine, a n d s c o - o p e r a t i v e gro u p is in- this w a y s t u d y ing unemployment from its various aspects. Physical examination is to be procedure in groups of the unemployed of the Industrial Hygiene department, r e s u l t s .t h e r e f r o m are anticipated* undertaken as a routine under the direction and some interesting  Armstrong Cork Company Lancaster, Pa. December 23, 1948 Dr. 71. J. McConnell, Medical Director, Industrial Division, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 1 Madison Avenue, New Xork, N. X. Dear Dr. McConnell: I am enclosing a letter which has been sent to the members of the Lancaster County Medical Society concerning the program we have arranged for January'5, 1948 which I felt would interest you. I realize the subject "Industrial Medicine11 is very broad, but I felt you could decide yourself just what would be of interest to this group. Most of them, I feel, do not have much of an understanding of Industrial Medicine and its aims. I would appreciate if you would send me a bibliography of yourself which I may use in introducing you. Again thanking you for accepting this invitation and if you will let me have the time of your arrival I will meet you at the station. \ 233a Armstrong Cork Company Lancaster, Pa. At the December meeting of the Lancaster City & County Hedioal Sooiety our invitation to hold your next meeting Wednesday January 5, at the Lancaster Floor Plant of the Armstrong Cork Company was presented and we have been informed by Dr. Workman, President of your Sooiety that the invitation was aooepted. The main purpose of this meeting is to give the members of your organisation an opportunity to inspeot our Emargenoy Hospital whioh has just been completely remodeled and in whioh muoh new equipment has been installed. A brief tour of our plant, whioh will inolude a visit to the Emergency Hospital, is soheduled to start at 5:30 P.H. Dinner will be served at 6:30 P.H. in our Plant Cafeteria. After dinner we shall as semble in our new Auditorium where Dr. W. J. HoConnell, well-known Medioal Direotor of the Industrial Division of the Metropolitan Life Insur ance Company, will address the group on the subject of the "Industrial He&ioine." The regular business meeting of your Sooiety will be held after Dr. McConnell's talk. When you reaoh the Main Office Building of the Armstrong Oork Company on West Liberty Street, there wil be a uniformed guide to direot you to a reserved parking area and also to direot you to the main en trance of the Faotory Administration Building. Members of my staff will be on hand at that point to oonduot the hospital and the plant tour in small groups. Arrangements will be made for you to receive promptly any emer gency telephone aalls. Any oalls expeoted should be made to Armstrong Cork Company, Phone Mo. 5151, and the operator will get the message to you at ones. If you find it impossible to be here at 5:30 P.M., we want you to feel free to join the group at any time you oan, and we especially want you to be our guest for the dinner served at 6:30 P.H. In order that we may make the necessary preparations, we shall appreciate your returning the enolosed card to us at your oonvenienoe. We are looking forward with pleasure to having you with us on January 5, and we feel sure that you will find the program very muoh worth while. y , Wfirs/ tjfmy yours. v 23 H. J. Marshall  . b K p H Io- F s n c o s *>g o r e Hi* "lnli'j; Flrst-Teer Zrirt Precita for Cro^t Lire In_urcr.co o r ,:i>c. Ux > VllLing Ihio vili sako record cf s cogfc-rcr.ee ir !br. S* J* Tese1a offieo :. Ocitbor fC* 1940 ecneersisc thr leiustrial htitr ir. ihc. arbusto* ir.'cotry. Prosu-t ors r*' Van* end 1r, J, Mellon rhsl, iirecior a? Iraistriti Tfyzitsie laboreioiy and Finid Snrrlce, aa the soderslgreda After esnsierattfip o? th tsbr-ior ir.icrir* ir cererei, stk! bersi o r ,4r. Fcfcsd's repori io 2r# Perry with rsspoei io ihu T-.rscr & reseli * Cor.psz7v Vsritfil, vveboc, Canade, erJ *vp>lt*o-itu ty ovr dit-erssion it& U t Fcscol, Kr. 2jrAFfS8S&&\2- ** ^ is r*85l>le ben *orbisg or siher con- di*.`.oro diffcr / t ^ t 2 J i ^ 9 ^ % in ilio seso in'rstrr.- Por nvr?oaceof Group Life irnurtneo, ifcol tba Ti m e r 6 ?e12 Ctvt?*v? c m li bo accosto.' oc stcnisrd xisk *-ithort i r e presi rc;dred fer insiiritl fcf-crJ* Cossidurotlaco r ich rogjviwd ilts cor-clecior. eroi 1 Tr.art ont no b*cV.lo or uhr-:to3a cerco alno*. ih* pcyr ii fllo*is$ the prttcilee.of *>oi hiring tr&sr.'* ho or ferr^rlr crrlapcd io ihr. ereretos isdusitj or/c*r ether In :srtr- ir rhiefa thero Ir a vii hasard* Sa Tho dosi c o v r is th piasi *111 t<* celi belo the ihrshold ci *hieh th hasard actvelSy Vagir.* j osisi* rr* Puh* .1 esurod ss th?.t in bis opinion ihere vus no abortos besar la ibis piccia Sa Chcsl Z-rcya of ibe eeplcyocs ere Ubar beth ci ihc origiral hirin,-f r.&i et freuest interrala Ur-re^ficr* Er* Fehncl ioli ce thrt euch Z-reys are tabes fcy a edile unii vhich is tronchi riht inte ihc pieci asd l io noi nooosssxy fo r .t h e e v / lo y e c t- eitiur itk tice off Tran v a ti or to r.aku tny trip li order io ereil thueeclvea of tho 2-rqr cxmlr.^iisTS ss cc-noaly oeeere is sa aCcts piasi is thi eotcixy* 4a 5ho .erpleyer *ets stariiac ori is ibis p i m i rety euch asare of the potagliai hesari asi btd U I k . activo etsp t ellnin-.ie li* Sa Ovr espcricse es SsTbesio^-^nhcttar. fer ihc Lifo rartle:: i'rina th Inai ovan jrar ai ? roteo bar been ariisfsetoty* S* f>r* cCoRRcll eestp *tr *uic %*j?* ir. Ih**ir str.il*.- e*' fhe nehneto* c*"^a ir `hi:- COV.iry* Itici: veri: bo bae becs seist; *or ihc pesi irri* ycars, thr ha* noi beo-, chic lo find ary no esser suvtlooi& osd thi l th C&&95 tUa? bvv or* voi 9'.*l&g e prcgrcssiesa T*rt*forti re bere declini io rio* y th Trrr.av & roaall C ut "T* taiea " 1 rlls iib th- r.e- Tori: "iti* 2svnr:>RSe T'cperisr: crisrj* ir. ibi clctaificxiios of e^Lriioo .*=1111-- no! scnsfsSivrc of or eor.i tei furie froa ihc n `.niste extre of i c "italer io 5ncs C T I t~~ pM-|0-<- - 2- Zt is intended that the T rete dll only be considered for ceses rhich ere select in every respect end. vfcich essere np to the strict req'.drenor.ta of the Tramar & Heeoll Cespaur esse, end that for ether esses there d l l be an extra presila of (2 or ore. October 21, 1948 tST/ch 5. Tfcooae Grocp Actosrisi Division r e p o b o f ntxiss sekvxqbi 19J6 REPOS? OP WELFARE SERVICES 1936 January 14 > 1937 I, COSTS The total coat of the Selfare activities of the Company for policyholders, including nursing end velfare eerrioes, for the l&st three years is as folio# Percentage of Industrial 2iBS ___ _________________ $, , 1934 19 1936 4 649 834*35 4,805,533*4 , ,, 4-4? i m A i . v m t t ' / i . 1*48 1*54 / 11v4 v v9?J The 1436 cost il ss ^/ ** higher than 1935, A l e increased cost is entirely on the nursing aide, ear eelfhre expenditures having been abaatfc&elssasetkftnr 1 the previeue. year*-.ActuaUy, the increase is sore then accounted ta r by the direct charge to the division far the first tine of m nuaber of iteas of allocated expense, this total figure ju*pAng tram $99,427*79 ' in 1935 to apprenjeataly $45$,0w in 1936, x XX* 51XRSXS0 Xorslsg figures ta r the last three years are at follovsi Ufli A m Halil ?a&U2agfe tiwft. 1934 1935 1936 664,308 v 3,816,029V $3,476,059*30 < 693,989* 3,803,936 * 3,632,938*16- 73,704' 3,717067f' 3 ' / -91*1# . r 95*55 \ lot,4- The slight decrease in cases and visits in 1936 is to he found song our salaried staffs rather than our visiting nurse association affiliation# It results is part frost the developsent of t*P*A* nursing projects, the continuation of our maternity restriction, sad the transfer of several centers fro salaried staff to an affiliation arrangement 2 REPORT OF fSLFARE SERVICES 1936 Tbs increased cost largely reflect* the allocation item above referred to, sad aleo cover* increased visiting mirsa association expenses Incidental to salary restoration*, etc. The increase in the cost per visit naturally fellows froo the decrease in visits and the increase in gross cost During th year th chief points sf enphasis sud pri&cipal dsvslopaents in oar nursing work includedi 1 The appeintnent of ss Educational Director ad th developaeat of sor thoroughgoing educational aotivities for our salaried staffo, lncludlng quarterly niaeographed nursing neve btiUefcin, to be lnitiated shortly 2 The discontiauaticn qf fur special Group listava narsee, and th geaerslisfttioa of our nursing aortico to cover this actlvity, thus reduciag coat to th Group 3* The complete revision and rewriting of th nursing magnai 4 The establishment ef vjslting nurse associatioa affiliatloos in Pittsburgh, Rochester, XIM aad Et Patii 3, The continuation of nursing stadies in Cincinnati and San Francisco te datemi th valli in lifesaving of ttorstng coro and instructioa for th younger mainly anbulatory ao-called chronic patient group* 6, da experimsnt Wlth serie* of mestai hyglene lnstroctive talk far our nursing staff in Loadtagele* 7 in experiment in Jersey City and Cincinnati wlth a five-day working week far field nurse*, th resulta of whlch aro neoureglsg though a jet mot concluslvw in tzrssirm distbibotiob Im. 1934 193$ 1936 52*682,603^ 52,353,063^ 64,279,SII 'V 1936 represents a IQf ^increase over the {receding year* This inoreaae is widely distributed and occurs in ell brackets, -3 REPORT OF IELFARE SKBflCSS - 1936 including field staff, health officers schools, groups, etc The greeter nee of welfare literature in agency work* in connection with the Rainy Day Canvass and otherwise* Is partly responsible Increasing appropriations for state ad local health departments for printing purposes may subsequently lessen their use of our literature* On the other hand, we are experiencing an Increasing deasnd from easy relatively new governmental agencies* such as the tP<A* projects* the Rational Tooth Administration, the C*CC* Camps, etc* The total distribution up to and including 1996 is approximately 926,000*000*'/ IV. nuts lesar 1934 1939 1936 5,890*704 18,816*583 -$*8-,*66 4&. The drop in total attendance for 1936 of course reflects the falling off of the showings of the *0nee Upon A Tine* safety cartoon piotnre* This was expected* 1e have been some* that surprised with the excellent showing of certain of ear older pictures* For Instance* forking For Sear Life** Diphtheria, and Man Against Microbe** all show increases in 1936* "Man Against Microbe* showed an increased attendance from 62*000'to 690*000*' Following the peek of theater showings* the *0aee Upon A Time* picture is now being very effectively used, both in sound sad silent fora, in schools This is shown by the following tableffor total film use: School last ft*?* 1 *935 *1936 14*292 19*867 1,765*998 4,373*864 * (?***+'? $ * , * * . < & f I.) The school use of our materials is also reflected by our experience with fils strips* on the subjects of Pasteur* Trudeau, Reed* Florence Nightingale* Koch, and Hew to Live tong* In 1935 ws distributed $868- such strips to schools* while in 1936 the total was 4*143* J- *  4 REPORT OF WELFARE SERVICES - 1996 Attention is, of coarse, still being given to the develop ment of suggestions for the proposed new fils on the subject of pneumonia* 7 CAMPAIQHS leap Tot^l 1934 1935 1936 409 ^ 436 210 J This decreeee 1# largely doe to the falling off in specialised diphtheria prevention efforts, the work having no become of e general nor* or less routine Character In nost cosanmltiee* The campaigns In 1936 include both state and local efforts, dealing 1th safety, diphtheria, cancer, pneumonia, solaria, measles, infantile paralysis, and tuberculosis* With the decline is diphtheria emphasis, the principal point of attack for the immediate future is in the direction of pneumonia control, street safety, home safety, and syphilis prevention. 72, EXHIBITS Teyjg Total \ sl 3s 1934 1935 1936 13942664 * This marked Increase in exhibits in 1936 includes window displays, county fair exhibits, health shows, floats, displays at Company territorial or sales conferences, special exhibits at professional meetings, ate* ISado* displays released this year dealt with the subjects of dental decay, food for health, and driving safety. Exhibits for special meetings concerned such subjects as pneumonia prevention, oardlo-renel disease, diabetes, silicosis, cancer, 6 BEPQKT Of m r A B Z SERVICES 1936 literature is the schools, oar publication entitled Biological and Scientific Material Is Health Teaching* being directed to that end Safety In Schools* is also receiving increasing attention and with the cooperation of a committee of the Advisory Educational Group, a special booklet was prepared for early release dealing with the teaching of safety in industrial schools# Till* ISOTSTBIAL HEALTH During 1936 certain of the activities of the Industrial Health Seretes ware quantitatively as follows! Industrial Health Surveys Plant* (largely Groups) Visited Special Soporta Completed Special Inquiries Answered laboratory Aaalysa* - 4 2 1'' - 66" - 135 - 332 r' * &L9"' Dazing the year the silicosis studies were continued, end the special survey of asbestos pleats was completed, involving, incidentally, the reading of 3,200 I*rays. Hpeelal rasesr&t earrie out at tha request of Group# ineluded such problema as tha aenace of mercury in largo battory planta, tha dengers of sitrogen oxides la ecetylene welding, ote* Tha labaratory atedies, involving dnet and fue problema, dealt with such matters as aliea, leed, sise, carbn onoxlde, aajbphur dioadd*, ate*, as thesa basars ffeet cert&in of our insuTed industries, such as printlng, aiadag, foundry vork, or the produetion of glas, Steel, fcrlcfcs, china were, paint, oil, ate* the section continued its stadias of claim experience for the Qroap. Actuarial Division as an aid to them in their decision on rates* During this year, for the first tine Groups sere asked to meet incidental coate of timid studies, such as travel, with the result that these items of expense were practically covered, income from this source amounting to over 06* At the seme time, there was an increased demand for tfaa service* i Lq o