Document n9xaVg78Dwmg0v0mK2G3qjBLR

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT DOW--202 DOW CONFIDENTIAL INFORMAI IUN R & D REPORT DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A. R&D REPORTS SHOULD REMAIN ON THE PREMISES OF THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY D&PAftTMCMT CHLOR-ALKALI RESEARCH - TEXAS DIVISION TEFLON BONDED ASBESTOS DIAPHRAGMS C RI N UMBE LABONAIORTNCPORTCOOC TCL-514 DATE ISSUCO January 13, 1981 LAb. NO. PROBLEM NO. ilii J__ IIII__ L .b1HO IS) D. D. Waters, D. W. Jernigan, T. K, Fletcher PAGES IN FULL REPORT CRI NUMBER DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY with conclusions: Databooks: 22320, 22705, 22992, 23323, 23670, 24025, 25088, 24091, 24091, 24806, 22319, 22704, 23083, 23322, PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to develop a high quality, long life diaphragm. SUMMARY With improvements such as metal anodes and new cell design, the diaphragm is the weakest link in Dow's chlorine cell. In an effort to improve diaphragm quality, an intensive study was conducted on caustic drawn, Kynar bonded, and Teflon bonded diaphragms. Some physical properties of the asbestos and diaphragms were identified and measured to aid in selecting the optimum dia phragm. Various wetting agents were tried with the bonded diaphragms to aid in plant start up of the cells. The TFE Teflon (Product 30) bonded diaphragm was selected as the optimum diaphragm for Dow's use. CO --I o o o CO o o DISTRIBUTION: DEPARTMENT files RAD administration central REPORT INDEX (566 Bldg. - Midland) -R COPIES C-4300 PRINTED R-JAO D is trikvlion list * " otlachad peg*. TABLE OF CONTENTS I Purpose II Summary III Conclusions IV Introduction V Experimental VI Procedure VII Discussion of the Test VIII Appendices 1 1 1 3 4 6 7 16 I1ST000730I LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS Title Stability Study of Asbestos Diaphragms------------------------------------------------------Table I Wet-Out Study of Kynar Bonded Diaphragms with Triton X-114 and Triton DF-12--------:------------------------Table II Kynar Bonded Diaphragms Drawn from Sodium Carbonate----------------------Table III Franks Freeness VS. Work Time------------Graph 1 Gurley Air Flow VS. Start-upGPL--Graph 2 Bond Strength VS. Operating Time--Graph 3 Diaphragm Weight VS. CCE and PE------Graph 4 Weight Deposition Averages of Each Cathode Pocket-------------------------------Graph 5 (Stade cathode) Weight Deposition Averages of Each Cathode Pocket-------------------------------Graph 6 (Texas Div.) Page No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3ST0007302 V LfkJ i't V i I. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a high quality long life diaphragm for the Dow Chlorine Cells. II. SUMMARY To improve diaphragm quality, an intensive study was con ducted on caustic drawn, Kynar bonded, and Teflon bonded diaphragms. Various physical properties were identified and measured in an attempt to optomize the diaphragms. The final selection of the optimum diaphragm was made based on data gathered from operating chlorine cells. The cell data was gathered from laboratory, intermediate, M-63, M-82, M-83 and M-121 chlorine cells. The diaphragm selected was a TFE Teflon bonded, blue/white asbestos dia phragm drawn from a 75 to 100 gpl aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The best diaphragms contained 1.08 to 1.16 grams per in.2 asbestos and from 10% to 15% Teflon, Product 30. The most efficient had a relatively high permability and started up in the plant with 50 to 60 gpl caustic strength. eoe^oooisb III. CONCLUSIONS 1. The optimum diaphragm for the Dow chlorine cell is a TFE Teflon bonded asbestos diaphragm. 2. The optimum weight for such a diaphragm should be 1.08 to 1.16 grams per square inch of cathode area or 375 to 400 pounds of asbestos for an M-82 cathode. 3. A 75 to 100 gpl aqueous solution of sodium carbonate was used to slurry the asbestos. This produces a homogeneous slurry and a diaphragm which will wet out easily in the cell. 4. Caustic drawn diaphragms lose their strength and dimen sional stability in the first five days of cell opera tion. 5. Kynar bonded diaphragms lose their strength and dimen sional stability progressively over a sixty day period. 6. After a diaphragm loses its strength and dimensional stability, it is prone to develop holes and tends to swell into the brine gap, causing poor Jbrine circula tion and low efficiencies. In the case of graphite anodes, the reduction in brine circulation increases the graphite wear rate. --- L-'w -1- L 7. The TFE Teflon bonded diaphragms retain their dimen sional stability and 80% to 90% of their initial strength for more than eleven months in cell opera tion. 8. The FEP Teflon, Product 120, bonded diaphragms proved to be extremely hard to wet and usually required an alcohol or acetone soak prior to start up. This pro cess was effective on diaphragms with less 10% FEP. 9. The sodium carbonate acts as the wetting agent for the Teflon bonded diaphragms. 10. The Triton DF-12 was found to be better than Triton X-100 or Triton X-114 wetting agents for the Kynar bonded diaphragms. 11. When sodium carbonate was used with Kynar, the Kynar latex emulsion was broken. The Kynar then sheets on the diaphragms and the walls of any containers associ ated with the drawing operation. B8T0007304 ii I -2- v IV. INTRODUCTION With the advent of metal anodes, new cell designs, and a higher cost for energy, the need for a more uniform dia phragm with greater dimensional stability, efficiency, and longer life was apparent. To determine what this would be, three types of diaphragms were studied. They were caustic drawn, Kynar bonded and Teflon TFE bonded. Some of the tests used to classify the diaphragms were: 1. The Franks Freeness Test, which measures the drain rate of the refined asbestos slurry. 2. A chemical resistance test, which soaked diaphragms in various liquids at elevated temperatures. 3. Gurley Air Flow Test, which measured the air permability of the diaphragms. 4. Mullen Burst Test, to determine the diaphragms resistance to rupture. 5. Diaphragm weights were used to optomize cell efficiencies. 6. Diaphragm thickness measurements were used to determine diaphragm uniformity. A diaphragm screening program was conducted using a step-wise progression of laboratory mini-cells, ranging in size from 36 sq. in., 18 amp, to 1143 sq. in., 500 amp cells. The preferred diaphragms were then tested in M-82 cells on the test skid at chlorine 1. From the data gathered in the various test locations, diaphragms were drawn for produc tion cells. v. L'; -3- IST0007306 V. EXPERIMENTAL A. Materials The chrysotile, white, asbestoses used were: Bell 3T-700 and Bell 4T-800, Hooker 1 and Hooker 2. The crocidolite, blue, asbestos was Bell 713. The TFE Teflon, Product 30 and FEP Teflon, Product 120 were obtained from E. I. DuPont De Nemours and Co. The Kynar PVDF was obtained from Pennwalt Corp. The surfactants used were Triton X-100, Trition X-114 and Triton DF-12 all obtained from Rohmand Haas Com pany. The anti foam used was DB-31 obtained from Dow Corn ing Co. The sodium carbonate was obtained from McKesson Chemi cal Co. Product data sheets may be seen in Appendix A. B. Apparatus 'ST0007306 1. Refiners a. A Hydropulper was used for the small laboratory cell diaphragms. b. A Beloit-Jones Wood pulp refiner was used to re fine the slurries for the production size dia phragms . 2. Franks Freeness Tester This was used to determine the drain rate of both types of refined asbestos slurries. 3. Ovens a. The laboratory and intermediate diaphragms were dried and bonded in electric ovens. b. The production size diaphragms were dried in a steam heated oven and.bonded in a gas fired oven. 4. Cells a. The laboratory and intermediate cells were fitted with coated titanium anodes and matching punched plate cathodes. b. The M-63, M-82 and M-121 production cells used graphite anodes and the M-83 cells were fitted with coated titanium anodes. i 1 -4- ,f f \\` t 1 *. i 5. Temperature Control The laboratory and intermediate cells used internal heaters to maintain production cell temperatures of about 70C. 6. Gurley Hill Air Flow Tester This test was used to determine the air permeability of the laboratory diaphragms. 7. Mullen Burst Tester This test was used to determine the rupture resis tance of the various diaphragms. For information on the various equipment see Appendix B. NST0007307 t -5- 1 < I: ' VI. PROCEDURE 1. Caustic drawn diaphragms were produced by mixing the asbestos with cell effluent. The asbestos concen tration in the slurry was kept in the 12 to 15 gram per kilogram range. No mechanical refineing of the asbestos fiber was used to break up the fiber bundles. The asbestos was mixed into the cell effluent and the caustic chemically refines the fiber bundles. Then the diaphragms were drawn in an 8" x 9" or 9" x 33" drawing vat. The diaphragms produced in this manner contained 1.0 to 1.20 grams of asbestos per square inch of diaphragm area. This yields an M-82 equiva lent weight of 344 lbs to 413 lbs. The diaphragms were dried at 100C and baked at about 200C for an hour. From this point they were tested either in a cell or some other prescribed test pro cedure. 2. The Kynar bonded diaphragms were produced by mixing asbestos in water to produce a 40 gram per liter slurry. This slurry was mechanically refined for a predetermined period to break up the asbestos fiber bundles. At this point a Frank Freeness measurement was taken on the slurry. This is done by taking a 2 g sample of the asbestos in a sized dipper, diluting the sample to one liter with water, draining the sample through the tester. The Frank Freeness test is run at 20C. For further information on the specific Frank Freeness test method see Appendix B. When the desired Frank Freeness number was obtained the 40 gram per liter slurry was diluted to 12 to 15 gpl with water, Kynar, antifoam and a wetting agent were added. This slurry was mixed and' drawn into diaphragms just as the caustic drawn diaphragms were. The diaphragms were dried at 100C and bonded at 170C for an hour. 3. The Teflon bonded diaphragms were produced much in the same manner as the Kynar bonded diaphragms. The differ ences were that TFE Teflon, Product 30, was used in place of the Kynar, 100 gpl sodium carbonate was used in place of the water and no other addatives were re quired. The diaphragms were drawn in the same vats as the caustic drawn and Kynar bonded diaphragms. The Teflon bonded diaphragms were dried at 100C and bonded at 370C for 30 minutes to 1 hour. The various test were conducted on these diaphragms. .. / f. N i iMl -6- IST0007308 VII. DISCUSSION OF THE TESTS A. Frank Freeness Test The Frank Freeness Test was the earliest test run in a diaphragm drawing operation. This was a test used in all of the Dow facilities where mechanical refining of the asbestos is used. However, it was found that this is a very subjective test and depends on many variables. The type and blend of asbestos used affect the freeness number as well as the type of refiner used to work the asbestos. A test of this type used on a daily basis in a plant using specific blends of asbestos and a single refiner may be a valuable correlation tool. However, the data generated in one plant does not trans late to another operation. Trends that can be seen with a Frank Freeness Tester are related to the type and amount of work applied to the asbestos. Generally, the higher the Frank Freeness number, a range of 0-100, the tighter the diaphragm of a given slurry will be. The high Frank Freeness number usually indicates more work and/or more asbestos fines in the slurry. If an excessive amount of fines are deposited in a diaphragm it will be light in weight, thin, and blister during cell operation. For test results see Graph 1, this shows the different Freeness numbers generated from different types of asbestos. B. Chemical Resistance at Constant Elevated Temperature This was a test devised to further determine the dia phragm stability. It consisted of a series of one liter beakers with the various test solutions held at a constant temperature for several days. The results of this test may be seen in Table I. All samples were stable in water, brine and cell effluent; in acid brine the Teflon, even at a low concentration seems to protect the white asbestos better than the Kynar. The Kynar bonded samples containing 25% blue asbestos also retained their strength in acid brine. The cell effluent con taining 5% hypochlorite was particularly destructive to the 5% TFE Teflon dispersion bonded diaphragm. However, the 10% TFE Teflon dispersion bonded all white, diaphragm held up very well. C. Gurley-Hill SPS Tester The Gurley-Hill SPS Tester is a device used to measure air permability or the porosity of the diaphragm. The specific information for this piece of equipment may be found in Appendix B -7- CONFIDENTIAL fine/.onoiSB The air permeability of a diaphragm may be related directly to the initial brine flow and start up gpl caustic strength of that diaphragm. See Graph 2. D. The Mullen Burst Tester This piece of equipment was used to determine the burst strength of the diaphragms. It measures the rupture resistance of the diaphragm piece in per square inch (psi). Specific information on this piece of equipment may be found in Appendix B. This test was used to determine diaphragm strength for caustic drawn, Kynar bonded and Teflon bonded diaphragms. It was very usefull in determing the bond life of both Kynar and Teflon in a cell which had been operated for a given length of time. See Graph 3. E. Diaphragm Weights Various weight ranges of diaphragms were prepared and run in the chlorine cells. The efficiencies of the different diaphragms were measured and correlated to the weights. These correlations may be seen in Graph 4. This shows that the optimum weight for an M-82 diaphragm is 375 to 400 pounds. It was also determined that at higher current densities a lighter weight diaphragm was desireable. F. Diaphragm Uniformity Diaphragm uniformity is another of the physical pro perties that is essential to high quality diaphragm production. Observations of many production and small intermediate pocket- type diaphragms lead to the dis assembly of two M-82 cathodes with diaphragms on them. In each case the production units had rated the dia phragms as top quality. Four samples were taken from each side of each pocket and weight determinations made. From this information it was shown that the best diaphragms were not uniform and there was a vast weight variation from the edge of the pockets to the backscreen as well as from pocket to pocket. See Graphs 5 and 6. Further observations of the drawing vats seemed to indicate that the asbestos slurries in sodium car bonate solutions were more homogenous than those in water. A homogenous slurry is essential to produce a uniform diaphragm. 3ST00073 IP r V* -8- i \ ti S -i ji ' G. Wet Out Study A wet out study was conducted on Triton X-114 and Triton DF-12. Earlier work has shown Triton X-114 superior to Triton X-100. To conduct the test eight diaphragms were drawn from 100 % white asbestos and containing 15% Kynar. The surfactant levels were as follows: a) No surfactant 2 diaphragms b) 0.25% Triton X-114 c) 0.25% Triton DF-12 d) 0.125% Triton DF-12 The wet out time was the time required for a 4" square piece of diaphragm to sink after being floated in tap water. See Table II for the results of this test. H. Kynar Bonded Diaphragms Kynar bonded diaphragms drawn from sodium carbonate solutions were set up and run in the mini cells. These diaphragms wet-out readily and ran satisfactorily when 50 gpl to 275 gpl sodium carbonate solution was used. When low levels of sodium carbonate, below 10 gpl, were used the Kynar forms a sheet over the surface of the diaphragm during the drawing procedure. When these diaphragms were bonded the Kynar sheet was hydrophobic and the diaphragms were very difficult to wet-out. Very little work was done with the sodium carbonate drawn Kynar bonded diaphragms because of the superior quality of the Teflon counterpart. Ref: TCL-011-L.R. i letoooiss k * i . i. V. '` ! t `V ( : 'V .14 J 1/ 'L -9- TABLE I Stability Study of Asbestos Diaphragms i---------Formulation days water brine acid brine 25 Blue/75 White Kynar bond Initial strength 75psi 3 7 14 21 28 42 45psi 45 45 40 40 40 40psi 30 30 35 35 35 35psi 25 25 30 25 30 cell cell effluent effluent with hypochlorit 40psi 35 35 35 35 35 40psi 30 35 30 30 20 100%white 15%Kynar bond Initial strength 90psi 3 7 14 21 28 42 45psi 40 40 45 45 45 50psi 40 40 40 40 40 35psi 25 25 25 20 20 45psi 35 35 35 35 35 45psi 35 40 35 30 20 100%white 5%TFE fiber 5%TFE dis Initial strength 45psi 3 7 14 21 28 42 40psi 35 40 40 40 40 45psi 40 40 35 35 35 40psi 30 30 30 35 35 45psi 35 40 35 35 40 30psi Disintegrated tt rt it ti 100%white 5%TFE fiber 10%TFE disp. Initial strength 55psi 3 / 14 21 28 42 45psi 40 40 igg 40 35 35 O O 0 CO ro 10- TABLE II WETOUT STUDY FOR KYNAR BONDED DIAPHRAGMS T5 G 0 U > o c i-i E O CM T3 C 0 u xj oc t"* *H rH o i--1 T3 c 0 O xi oc C'- *H i--( E in o Og c-s Q W Q 2 O pa 2 13 02 2 O hH HH P 2 O U GG 00 w 03 CO Cl 1 in CM 1 1 c 1 H 1 1 1 o H CO 33 o H- o o o 2 <D CD 0 CO CD CD 00 LO LO ci CM in w> O H E 00 H tH 2 O Hooo W 0) CD 01 CO CO CD o CO CM CM if Eh OG 2 H E TT P MoOa Q0G0 CO CD CD 1 Cl to 00 1 CM CO l 1c rH E TT cOau H 0) CD 0 E CD CD CD CM O o O CO CM CM TJ1 CM CM 2 T--1 rH rH O rH i Eh 1 HH X a Q PC Eh 6* in 6in* LO o 2 CM. o CM o o Ai; I ''A, ' tL-t:. * > i t :. ~\l ST0007313 TABLE III KYNAR BONDED DIAPHRAGMS DRAWN FROM SODIUM CARBONATE GPL NagCOg BLUE/WHITE ASBESTOS 50 50 275 275 275 100% white 100% white 25%/75% 25%/75% 25%/75% 24 hr DATA VOLTS j GPL 2.732 2.689 2.911 2.882 2.932 i ! 54.0 11 1! 61.2 J( 1 .! 93.2 , :1 98.8 ! 102.8 7 dav DATA VOLTS GPL 2.801 2.657 80.0 76.0 2.921 2.967 2.936 98.8 114.0 104.8 i ?ST00073 I 4 uOv -12- -m M I f ~l'"U i AA( S -ti dS0 ro to -t>. cn cn -\j co to q CD Q (S QQQ q ns CO r-* o o CHLORBESTOS 25 WORK T IM E (M IN U T E S ) casdnndoyaAH) 3WI1 XdOM SA SS3N33dd SXNUdd .1 I HdHdO 1 GRRPH 2 GURLEY RIR FLON VS STRRT-UP GPL s) 225 GPL NaOH SECONDS PER 100CC RIR -14- v> MULLEN BURST STRENGTH (P S I) GRRPH 3 BOND STRENGTH VS OPERATING TIME DAYS OPERATION IN CELL DOW CO Nr IDENTIA -15- ST0007317 GRRPH 4 DIRPHRRGM WT VS CCE & PE Ld U tn Ld Q. Q -T-lf) rr 01 tn ts H- * Id _J a: > i--i D O Ld Q in 0J n 00 (J Q a CE mI CL CE a I--i--i--i--i--|--i--i--i--i--!--i--i--i--i--1--i--i--i--i--1--i--i--i--i--I-in OJ cd in Q in CD in CD Cl CT) CD CD PERCENT EFFICIENCY DOW CONPiDEN HAL -16- GRAPH 5 STADE DIVISION M82 DIAPHRAGM STUDY hi _a:i h ui in c? >a: iz 1 in * i___ d r: a Li tino m z 3 Z too u ou in CL (VI Li P O oX CJ tX u in CO o o o '-J CO in UD in to (Vi O) 09 in GRAMS PER SQ. IN. DOW CONFIDENTIAL CRTHODE POCKET NUMBER GRRPH 6 TEXFIS DIVISION M82 DIRPHRRGM STUDY GRRMS PER SG. IN Appendix A IST000732 CORPORATION 9.00 FIRST AVENUE. KING OF PRUSSIA. PA. 1910C (215) ?F5 3710 I RC-9332 RC-9332 is a polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer in latex form containing a minimum of 15% NVM. Tentative properties of the latex are? Odor pH of Latex Solids Content Freeze-Thaw Stability Latex Viscosity Density of Latex Density of Polymer Shelf Stability Weight per Gallon None 3-6 when shipped 205% NVM minimum Not stable to freezing 42 cps (#1 spindle d> 60 1.10.l gm/cc 1.76 gm/cc Unknown 9.4 lbs'. RPM) RC-9332 latex possesses some resistance to coagulation when under shear. The latex should be kept from freezing at all times. The latex is harmful if taken internally. Prolonged contact with skin and inhalation of a spray mist should be avoided. In case of contact with eyes, wash gently with copious quantities of water and seek medical attention. szem om 22 NOTICE: The information contained herein ia, to the beet of our knowledge end belief, accurate. Sinee the conditions of handling and of use ore beyond our control e make FORM 3019 lume no liability for damages or penalties resulting from following our suggestions or recommendations, nor ore these to be token ns n license to operate under, or recommendations to Infringe, amg patent H2 2H, -4 3. i i i I i I H -4 I I 03 O3 HH O3 O3 03 O3 M 1 1 O3 oo O-0B *4 00 T\ ti i uro O71 ro O71 O z s z z 0>* z g z cn 0 z it ro z X & in X u 8 X cn X A 1 X Oro 1 X 8 -4 I cX1n I XX 8 m* cn Name L C Information about Silicone Defoamers tDOWjjCCORN/NGj L DESCRIPTION Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion is a water-dilutable 30-percent silicone defoamer offering: Immediate defoaming action Longterm foam prevention Good stability, as supplied and when diluted with water Defoaming and antifoaming action in alkaline solutions In laboratory tests. Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion outperforms other defoamers in almost every case, under a wide variety of conditions, including hot, cool, alkaline, and non-alkaline systems. Less antifoam is needed than with previous antifoams, resulting in cost savings. During storage, Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion will not break or oil even under warehouse conditions as hot as 130 F (54 C). If creaming should occur, only gentle agitation is necessary to completely redisperse the emulsion. This emulsion is also stable through several freeze-thaw cycles. USES Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion controls aqueous foamers over a wide range of industrial processes and products. However, it is not intended for use in food or drug processing. DOW CORNING DB-31 ANTIFOAM EMULSION Type..........................................................................................................Silicone emulsion Physical Form.................................................................................................Creamy liquid Special Properties............................... Excellent longterm antifoaming performance even in alkaline solutions Primary Use........................................................................ Control of aqueous foamers Benefits .....................Immediate defoaming action combined with longterm foam prevention, water dilutable: 30 percent active defoamer HOW TO USE 1. Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion should be stirred or agitated before removing it from the shipping container. 2. Between 5 and 50 parts of Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion per million parts of foamer are required in most systems. 3. Dilute the antifoam emulsion with at least 3 parts of water or of the aqueous foamer, before adding it to the system. 4. Add the diluted antifoam either directly to the system or to one of the foamer components. PACKAGING Dow Corning DB-31 antifoam emulsion is supplied m containers of 40 pounds. 360 pounds and 440 pounds, net weight. TYPICAL PROPERTIES These values are nol intended for use in preparing specifications Chemical Type.................................................................... Color..................................................................................... Specific Gravity at 77 F(25 C)........................................... Consistency at 77 F (25 C)......... ...................................... pH........................................................................................ Active Defoamer, percent.......... ...................................... Type of Emulsifier............................................................... Suitable Diluent................................................................... Silicone emulsion White 1.0 Creamy liquid 4 to 5 30 Nonionic Water The information and data contained herein ate based on information we believe reliable You should thoroughly mt any application and independently conclude satisfactory performance oetore commercialisation Suggestions Of uses should not be taken a** inducements to mirmge any pariicuiar patent DOW CORNING CORPORATION, MIDLAND, MICHIGAN 48640 Atlanta Boston Brussels Chicago Cleveland Dallas Greensboro Los Angeles New York San Francisco Sydney Tokyo Toronto Honolulu "Oow Corning a Regmared Trademark of Dow Corning Corporation Printed m U S A 24- Form No 22-030A-76 mcooois>! Samples bulletins technical information, suggestions on formulation, and advice on labeling will be promptly supplied it you will write or phone one of these offices 25500 Whitesell Ave Hayward California 94544 415/785-7000 1920 So TubewayAve Los Angeles. California 90040 213/722-5434 Lennox Towers Suite 920 3390 Peachtree Road N E Atlanta Georgia 30326 404/261-3616 5750 W Jarvis Chicago (Niles). Illinois 60648 312/774 9100 40 Grove Street Wellesley. Massachusetts 02181 617/235-7134 465 Boulevard Elmwood Park New Jersey 07407 201/791-7900 511 Cooper Parkway Building West Pennsauken New Jersey 08109 609/662-8660 2l5 Lawton Road Charlotte. North Carolina 28208 704/394-2116 Oncom Tower - 3rd Floor 2300 Montana Ave Cincinnati Ohio 45211 513/481-730C 350 Westgate Tower Office Building 20525 Center Ridge Road Cleveland Ohio 44116 216/333-0920 Independence Mall West Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19105 215/592-3000 4585 Simonton Road Dallas Texas 75240 214/233-1021 6300 Hillcroft Houston Texas 77081 713/771-8946 1 In Canada Rohm and Haas Canada Ltd 2 Manse Road West Hill Ontario Ml E 3T9 416/284-4711 25- ( IST0007328 TFE-FLUOROCARBON RESIN xer.tTtm&m i 'ITE^tsitfaqueSus dispersion:... < L1V 'n'' e--gatively chrra>ir*gT-ed---h1y_drpoaprhticolbeisc- . -i ; in ..------ ------------------------------ -- -'* - solids (by weight; and is stabilized with i.-` - fi.fr-tn <vRrt (based' cn'Vright of r.K!h) ; ` j^Tf'Of'nfton-ionif wetfTrig^igeht. THe'i>H as supplied 'is normally about 10. Thtu vi-v. ?- 'eowity art "room temperature is approxi-v . ^ jnatelr_A6. Jcentipoiaesl-'*t3riloa"-30"S'-F-&-' ,.lrcsLDia 5iBedfor generaljynatfng and/' ' "-rnrprernating^jijurpgseg where * :U>w-', I ^-/coefficient ofinctio?r1s necded over a- -_ , "wide Tange *T"tdmpefatriwtpfi*rB*q61*,Hwaenl*deriew^VbaeVvi_c_ J STORAGE AND HANDLING "Teflon" 30 TFE dispersion will settle on pro longed standing or on heating above ]50:F. It can be redispersed by mild agitation. Stock being stored for an indefinite period should be redispersed at least every two weeks by inverting or gently rolling the container. High-speed stirring or violent agitation should be avoided and the product should he protected against freezing since these conditions will cause irreversible coagula tion. The dispersion should also be protected from the atmosphere to prevent coagulation by drying. The optimum storage temperature range is from 45 to 75 F. The product should be rolled or stirred gently just prior to use. ST0007329 TYPICAL PROPERTIES Property Specific gravity of dispersion (60% solids) Resin weight (60% solids) Melting point Specific gravity (sintered resin) Color Units lb./gal. C. __ -- ASTM Method Hydrometer __ ASTM D-1457-62T ASTM D-1457-62T -- Value 1.50 7.5 327 2. 10 2.18-2.26 White PROCESSING "Teflon" 30 TFE resin dispersions arc applied as coatings, cast as film, or impregnated into a variety of porous structures by conventional dip ping or flowing procedures. After application, the dispersion is heated to about 250 F. to remove the water. Water-repellent structures with useful properties'can be obtained by simply applying pressure to the coated materials, such as by calendering or molding. If a strong, con tinuous film is to be obtained, however, the depos ited polymer must be sintered after drying. Sintering is usually done at 680J to 700`F. as anionic or non-ionic dispersants. Non-ionic dispersants are usually preferred since they are more volatile and thus can be removed by heat. (Cationic reagents should ordinarily be avoided since they coagulate the dispersion). The tech niques outlined above are described in more detail in I'lastics Department Bulletin X-50e. PACKAGING "Teflon" 30 TFE resin dispersion is packaged in 1-gallon, cube-shaped polyethylene containers in fiberboard boxes, and in 5- and 30-gallon nonreturnable drums. The pH of the dispersion can be reduced by adding organic or inorganic acids. Care must be taken in adding these reagents since excessive acidity will cause irreversible coagulation. The viscosity and wetting power of the dispersion can be increased bv addin"- wuim. ..... v. FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION "Teflon" 30 TFE resin dispersion is shipped by rail classified as "Synthetic Resins NOIBN _2g_"'ithout filler", by truck as "Plastic Material f ' frorr. Pis acr.riical Survict-s Laboratory about t L !i I l I..L.L' J \ 'A . designed to "keep field representatives of the Marketing Section ^ abreast of the informabon rapidly being accumulated, in bdrance ron:ius:.- ;r;h findings. This i- ''.mation is subject to change os further development work iscompleted.andisnot to be considered final. - ' '1ST0007330 PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR "TEFLON11 120 FEP-FLUOROCARBON RESIN DISPERSION "Teflon" 120 FEP-fluorocarbon dispersion la a new member of the expanding family of "Teflon" fluorocarbon products. It combines the processing advantages of both a low fluid viscosity and a low melt viacoBlty together with the well-known chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of "Teflon" FEP-fluorocarbon resin. This union of dispersion, melt flow, and end-product virtues Is expected to lead to many uses as a surface coating and irapregnant, particularly In the wire and cable field. This preliminary information bulletin describes Its properties In dispersion and end-use form, provides recommended processing conditions, and Indicates end-use markets where we feel it is useful. Since much of this information parallels similar matter given In greater detail in Information Bulletin X-50d, "'Teflon' 30 Aqueous Dispersion Properties and Processing Techniques ", we suggest that both bulletins be studied. Composition "Teflon" 120 FEP-fluorocarbon dispersion Is a water based dispersion of hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer particles and compares with "Teflon" 30 TFE-fluorocarbon dispersion as shown In Table I. -27- Appendix B 69 O o o CO TELE DV NE GURLEY Troy, N. Y. 12181 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING GURLEY-HILL S-P-S TESTER 1. Set on level surface. Remove the inner cylinder and fill the outer cylinder with oil to depth indicated by a ring cut about halfway up on the inner surface (about half full). 2. Raise the inner cylinder until the spring pointer engages it under its flange. (Never raise the inner cylinder while the sample is clamped between the orifice plates --to do so will suck oil into the air tube). POROSITY (AIR RESISTANCE) TESTS * 3. An Adapter Plate is furnished with new instruments. The Adapter Plate has synthetic s elastic gaskets (see Note) on its upper and lower faces, and a hollow stem, which centers and supports it, when pushed up into the central air tube which leads to the iL. upper clamping plate. The purpose of the Adapter Plate is to enable the Gurley-Hill S-P-S Tester to make porosity tests under the same conditions now prescribed for Air i Resistance Tests under TAPPI and ASTM Standard Methods Nos. D460-m49 and D726-58- These tuetnods require that Gurley Densomefers be fitted with an elastic gasket between the paper surface and the source of air pressure, and were so modified because it was found impossible to prevent all lateral leakage of air between the paper sample and the flat smooth metal plate. The Adapter Plate is to be used on ly when making Porosity tests. It must be removed when making a Smoothness or Softness test. 4. Remove the perforated lower test plate from the central pin which supports it* Push the tijbe of the Adapter Plate up into the central air tube os far as it will go, so that the top.gasket is in good contact with the upper clamping plate. Replace the perforated lower plate. 5. Insert paper sample between the orifice plates. Clamp it by turning the capstan handle clockwise (or equally well, by using the lever arm with the 2 lb. weight in position). .6 Disengage the spring support from under the flange of the inner cylinder, lower the innfer cylinder gently until it floats in the. oil, and allow it to settle under its own weight. 7, Cnough oil must be added so that the inner cylinder will have a steady motion by the . ~iime the zero fine reaches the edge of the top ring of the outer cylinder. r` 8 Start stop watch or timer when the zero line reaches the edge of the top ring of the outer cylinder. Stop it when one of the engraved lines reaches the edge. This may he .ihe 25^ccfi50x line for a veiy impermeable sample, or any other line up to the dUDfci'TiTi&^fbr very porous samples. Where any volume other than TOO cc is used, the Jeodmg'is usually^ converted Into the elapsed time In seconds for 100 cc. -28- 4ST0007332 >*. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING GURLEY-HILL S-P-S TESTER (continued) The grooves are concentric with the operture in the opposing orifice plates, and are 0.020 inch deep* The gasket protrudes about 0.011 inch above the metal plate. The inside diameter of the groove is 1.128 inches, and the gasket has an area of approximately 0.48 sq. inch. The addition of the gasket does not change the standard orifice area. Gaskets should be replaced when-they become frayed, scratched, or otherwise damaged, and replacement goskets are obtainable from the Factory. Only moderate, even clamping pressure is needed to give air resistance tests free from surface leakage. Principles of Tests with S-P-S Tester . `'LA.-- Porosity Test Smoothness Test Softness Test One square inch of paper is ex posed to the air pressure exerted by the inner cylinder floating in oil. The rate of air flow through the paper is its porosity. Air ex copes through holes in the bottom clamping plate. Elastic gaskets on the adapterplate prevent leak age over the surface. The rate of lateral air flow be tween several sheets of paper depends upon the smoothness or roughness of their surfaces. By taking the time for 50 cc. of air to escape, as measured on the inner cylinder, the smoothness is measured. The test can be adapted for paper boards and other materials. Four softness plugs, forced into the papersample by the weight and leverarm, consh the space for air-escape, di pending upon how deeply th plugs compress the paper. T resulting rate of air flaw is measure of the paper's soft ness, or compressibility. Parts for S-P-S Testers Part Model Part No. No. No. 22182 4102 Inner cylinder, 20 oz. 23857 22249 23875 Cylinder stop Upper clamping plate. no gasket, 1 sq. in .orifice 23883 23884 B1871 23877 Lower clamping plate. porosity test 23876 lower clamping plate. smoothness test 22317 22318 23878 Lower clamping plate. softness test 23368 Lifter pin, lower plate 27966 4195. - Adopter plate with gaskets. ; " '.. . porosity test 23356 ^ _ Weight, 2 lb. X-l 22316 X-l 6 21074 -29- Model No. 4130 4109 Weight, 0.34 lb. Paper punch C/5 -H o O O Paper punch spring Oil, Velocity E, quart * w CO Automatic timing attachment,'CO complete Upper shutter Lower shutter Screw, shutter to frame Frame Screw, frame to cylinder Rollers, pair Electric stop timer 110V 60 cycle \t BELOIT-JOTJES DD ^000 REFINERS _____ Beloit-Jones DD 4000 refiners are manufacture.- spfeuii.r.'iy foi pulp or paper mill operation. They are equipped with an electromechanical positive-.irhon disk positioning system which is the most accurate, dependable, and s`:.t le ryr:r~ available for uniform processing of stock. Beloit-Jones DD 4000 refiners offer maximum versatility for present and future needs. OPTIONAL MONOFLO/DUOFLO INSTALLATION In Monoflo, the machine is in two-pass operation with the stock being refined in series as it passes first over one set of disks, followed by a pass over the second set -- a feature unique to Beloit-Jones -- offering you two units in one machine. Duoflo applications employ a rotor* that permits half of the incoming stock to pass through to the eye of the second set of disks. Stock passes in parallel across both sets of disks, rejoins, and leaves the unit through a single outlet. Duoflo operation re quires only that the covers over the spoked rotor be removed, and that the opening in the sliding head be capped.** Again unique from Beloit-Jones is the requirement of only two pipes -- inlet and out let -- for Duoflo operation, with the optional advan tage that pipe disconnects are unnecessary during disk inspection and maintenance. MONOFLO ( jl opr ora "Duoflo refining disks also are required to complete the conversion. 2-PIPE DUOFLO UNIQUE SPOKED ROTOR Beloit-Jones patented spoked rotor provides Duoflo operation with only one Inlet and one outlet pipe. Flow Is split Inside the refiner I An optional cover plate can be provided to convert from Duoflo to Monoflo operation. *U.S. Pat No. 3438588 Instrument panel -- Mounted on the side of the refiner. Complete with Inlet and outlet stock pressure gauges, a gland water gauge, and a gland water pressure control valve. All connections are brought to a single point at the bottom of the panel and are tagged for easy mill connections. Available options -- Include the optional rotor centering device for controlled startup and shutdown, and optional back inlet for greater flexibil ity in piping design. Limit switch and position indicator -- Mounted in the end housing, limits the travel of the sliding head. An ad justable rod actuates the limit switch and can be adjusted to compensate for disk wear. A pointer indicates the posi tion of the sliding head on a graduated scale. fiST00Q733 Packing box features -- The packing box located on the base is stationary --requiring no flexible connecfions. It is equipped with teflon-impregnated as bestos packing and Is lubricated by pressurized water through a lantern ring located between the packing rings. Packing sleeve -- The packing sleeve is centrifugally cast Type 316 coated with ceramic and given a precision polish. Alternate sleeve materials are available. -30- Hinged end housing -- Disk access is by way of a hinged end housing con taining the adjusting mechanism and sliding head assembly. Disks shown are the one-piece type. Segmented iSsks also are available. r FEATURES Simplicity ct design for ease of operation, maintenance, and installation. Hinged end housing for easy access to disks. Disk diameters available from 13" to 60". Disk material -- Standard Ni-hard (Nickel Alloy), cast SS, and milled SS. Unique two-pipe Duoflo* with single stock inlet. Optional automatic rotor centering device for controlled startup and shutdown protecting disks for longer disk life. Cutting, fibrillation, or brushing -- all done with one unit by correct choice of disks, speed, and operating consistency. Ceramic-coated sleeve -- for longer packing life.** All units may be run Monoflo (disks in series) or Duoflo (disks in parallel). Optional automatic "J" Series refiner control. 'Patented "Alternate sleeve materials are available for specific applications BELOIT-JONES DD 4000 DUOFLO WITH FRONT INLET ROTATING OUTLET HEAD REFINING |SLIDING disks jr&SHEAD HINGED DOOR \ c c c a G. a -31- DISK adjusting GEARMOTOR (MANUAL AOJUST. OPPOSITE SIDE) STAINLESS STEEL LINING BELOiTJONES DD 4000 REFINERS v-2" 90 OPEN NOTE: 46-inch size hat outlet on refiner housing. General Dimensions (Inches. Not to be used for construction.) SIZE 16 24 30 38 46 INLET 3 4 6 6 8 OUTLET 3 4 6 6 8 CENTER A B C D E F G H i K 3 64 32 26.5 24 26.8 15 21.4 24.2 7.8 32 4 70 42.8 38 30 39 22 29 32.8 11 40 4 80 48.2 45 38 46.5 26 44.2 39.4 12.8 52 6 90j 56 53 42 56.5 32 55.5 42.3 12.8 52.8 8 117 65 63 48 65 36 63.5 54 15.8 71 Specifications SIZE Nominal Capacity--Monollo Range --Duoflo Connected Power Range Speed Range Floor Space Required (CxD) Shipping Weight Floor Loading Maximum Stock Pressure T/D T/D HP RPM IN. LB PSF PSIG 16 5-30 10--50 75--200 1200--1800 24 >25 2.100 500 100 24 25-100 25--125 150-400 720-1200 38.5 > 28 5.300 700 100 30 35--125 35-200 250--600 720-900 45 > 38 6.900 575 100 38 65--250 65--500 350--1000 514-720 58 I 42 13.800 810 100 46 125--440 125-600 700-2000 450-514 63>48 16,000 760 100 Each model includes the complete machine as specified below, less motor and disks. MODEL Sliding Head Inlet Connection Packing Box Water Lubricated Outlet Connection Internal Construction Main Shaft Bearings Coupling Adjustment Main Bearing Lubrication Integral Panel Grease Fittings 4100 STANDARD 4200 CORROSION RESISTANT 4300 SPECIAL CORROSION RESISTANT 304 S/S Lined 304 S/S Lined 316 S/S Lined Ductile Iron 304 S/S 316 S/S Ductile Iron Ceramic sleeves on shaft 304 S/S Ceramic sleeves on shaft 316 S/S Ceramic sleeves on shaft 304 S/S 304 S/S 316 S/S 304 S/S Where exposed to turbulent stock 304 S/S Where exposed to turbulent stock 316 S/S Where exposed to turbulent stock Tapered roller Gear Tooth Slide 2-speed gearmotor complete with drive and limit switch Oil Bath 3 pressure gauges for inlet and outlet stock and packing box water Includes seal water control valve and pressure switch Pressure Type Gauge Connections Brought to a panel on the side of the unit Operator Controls Remote manual operation cabinet, suitable for pipestand mount, complete with indicator, pushbuttons and lights. Switchgear, relays and control components in separate cabinet for mounting m main motor control center V. -32- JOIMES DIVISION BELOIT CORPORATION OALTON. MASS.. U S. A. 01226 Jmi Dmm Mm CnaM 1-- Hymw ftnuii.Ml Cl>iW OiUMC MW H> m znnm si Information! WIUII Beating and Freeness 1 aster Beating and Freeness Tester No. 850 - 95850 For determining the beating degree of pulp, by utilising the change in water permeability caused by beating. In accordance with FAK 107 and the recommendations contained in the investigations carried out in 1960 by the British Paper and Board Ma kers Industry Research Association. Removable orifice to ensure cleaning and speedy replacement. Semi automatic valve lifting device. Circular section rubber .0* valve sealing rings, which are easily fitted. The instrument is equipped with graduated measuring cylinders. Available Extras and Accessories cylinder of special glass with 1 Itr. mark, cylinder of plexiglass with 1 Itr. mark, graduated cylinder of special glass, graduation: cm3 and SR, graduated cylinder of plexiglass, graduation: cm3 and SR. spare sieve, wrench, packing ring, device for quick drainage, plastic cover, dippers for 2 /o tiH 10#/o pulp consist. col f KeH Frank Freeness Tester No. 885 - 9 5 8 8 5 motordriven model, for ascertaining the fineness and the beating degree of fibre stock according to FAK 107. A stock dilution of 2 g per litre is poured into the container, the sealing cone is lifted at a constant speed rate, the stock is drained through a screen plate. Stock which drains faster than 220 ml p.m. passes through side orifice, reading the draining capacity. ~` Constant lifting speed 10 cm/sec 1 cm/sec. Gear motor assures fast and reproducible acceleration. -33- r< mrspcn f 'j v i t r1 f'f KAF5F- FKAFvK turivii--n-- tr-.------~---w 777 K-rr *5 VOn^LJ1iBr< J- ` w/> - -- J Angebot - Offer - Offre Nr. P 35-62 vom 24.OooJ - validity * VaUdtt# Pot. OM 001 FRANK BEATING AJD FRECNLSS TESTER 95650 Design according to notice Fak 107 and SCAN-C 19:`o3 for the determination of the draining speed of pulp, wood pulp and mecnanical wood pulp Base plate with frame to take up the cylindric filling chamber and the cone-shaped separator with outlet and Mechanical lifting and lowering device i for manual operation Finish; grey RAL 7030 Standard Equipment: 2 measuring cylinders, made of special with graduations in ccm and Sii-units 2 hook spanners 1 operating instructions glass, 002 FRANK BEATING AND FREDNESS TESTE* 55C85 Design according to notice FAK 107 and SCAN-C 19:55 for tne determination of tne draining speed of pulp, wood pulp and mecnanical \>ooa pulp 6eeooom base plate with holding appliance for the gear motor, cylindrical filling caai.njer and the cone-shaped separator with outlet and nozzles Mechanical lifting and lowering device driven by an electric motor to ootain unvarying stroke intervals and stroke speed of the sealing cone Stroke interval: 5 s Stroke speed; 100 10 mm/s separate switches for tne upward and return stroke Finish: gray KAL 7030 Standard Equipment; 2 measuring cylinders, made of special with graduations in ccm and Sk-units 2 nook spanners 1 operating instructions glass, ` 6,660,-- itonua 003 CONNECTION TO A.C. 220 V, 50 CYCLES ^ 004 CONNECTION TO A.C. 220 V, 60 CYCLES -34- . 95,--. mea BLUE IMS! HUC7 ION NO I7001R1 BLUE M MAX-SET OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION SYSTEM (OTP) I. INTRODUCTION System consists of a temperature sensing thermostat, external time delay and reset circuit. Design of cir cuit allows unit tore-start automatically if overtemper ature condition is momentary lie., power suige to unit); in case of interrupted power to unit, manual reset is not required. II. CALIBRATION OTP is supplied with dial calibrated in reference numbers of degrees (F or C). Each reference number represents approximately 10 C. (20^F.>. Generally, OTP should be set 10C. lone reference number) higher than desired operating temperature. To set OTP, proceed as follows: A. Turn OTP control fully clockwise. B. Turn unit ON, set to desiredoperating temperature and allow unit to stabilize. C. Slowly rotate OTP control counterclockwise until control trios shulting unit OFF. Observe temperature or reference number at which OTP trips. D. On units with reference numbers, rotate control one reference number higher than number ob tamed in steo C above. Press RESET BUTTON, unit should no.-, operate normally E. On units calibrated in degrees, set OTP control 10 C. higher tnan temperature obtained in steo C, above. Press RESET BUTTON; urn; should operate normally More precise calibiation may be achieved by following directions in Memory Ring Insti uctions, enclosed If temperature within work chamber rises to OTP . setpoint, device wiil trip, and shut unit down. As unit cools below OTP setpoint. Max-Set circuitry will restart unit automatically. This cycle should re peat three times, if overtemperature condition is not rectified. If unit continues to cycle on and off. re sistor mounted behind RESET BUTTON (thermally activated time delay) is positioned too far from ReSet switch; if unit trips and shuts unit down com pletely without cycling, lesistor is too close to re-set switch. Average spacing between lesistor and re-set switch is approximately 3/16" OTP must be manu ally reset after unit completely shuts off. NOTE: Cause of overtemperature condition should be corrected before unit is reset. III. MAINTAINENCE A. Periodically, turn temperature control above OTP setpoint to verify proper operation of OTP system. B. If OTP should malfunction, check OTP thermo stat; contacts should be closed when OTP con trol is set above unit operating temperatureopen when control is set below operating tem perature IV. PROTECTION OF LIVE ELECTRICAL TEST LOADS When testing live electrical loads, damage to load may occur if load power supply is not interlocked with OTP. In event of overtemperature condition, power to unit will be shut off; however, heat generated by test load may be sufficient to cause damage to load and unit. It is suggested that test load power supply be interlocked with OTP to insure power to load will be cut when OTP trips. Suggested practice is to connect safety interlock coil, in parallel with OTP contactor . coil. BLUE R3 ^jUd/lk CmpQSJjEILLS El 3 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS: BLUE ISLAND. ILLINOIS C0406 MANUFACTURERS AND ORIGINAL DESIGNERS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED EQUIPMENT -35- 8ST0007340 TCL-514 Texas R. N. Beaver D. L. Caldwell W. H. Caines * J. D. Earls S. F. Edquist* L. J. Fourrier* E. C. Kotis T. F. LaGess* W. F. Mcllhenny J. A. May J. C. Myers TT"W. Spillers J. A. Van Westenburg L. E. Wretlind L. F. Wright* PCD Pete Fraser J. J. Leddy* Robert Woods* Western J. H. Culp Paul Pankanz* Jim Willging* Brazil George Long DISTRIBUTION Louisiana R. D. E. P. J. W. Steve Bridges** Edwards* Gross Richardson Midland C. K. Bon CRI (4) Canada A. R. Knight* D. J. Kostash R. F. Wilson B. R. Buchanan Korea S. H. Yang Stade B. J. Lewis Walter Ko.zyra Karl Schueller m000734l *Cover sheet only