Document n9oBY2QkDG1o10jzwpO77K0d1

IT., Nature of the Prcbles 5 eeeroh-2sd-oedloa>-inpfc T. Sffect on Monsanto 71. Sffect on Customer 722. Involvement with other producers Sources of Contamination A. Indirec 4 Recent technical changes which have bearing an the contamination 2. Courses of Action Recommended Coarse of Action Imp 1ernestail on of the Reeosnended Course of Action A. Innediate Action (12-1-69) 3. t e r l a 1-3 eonths - ' ; C. Short term - j-6 eonths D. Lang tera (1-3 years) * . 1. 'Beaeareh eedical -:Manufacturing Patent. - S. ' gnelrcnmental Control-- ** ; 3- Engineering * ; A. Marieet T. Legal 1 , 1 1 - Public Relations 9. Others f !I \ % f c. Ca 15 October the 9XD HOC" Cosnittee consisting of Messrs. M. ' Farrar, ?. Hodges, S. Jobs, V. Richard* and 5. Wheeler issued j` a report sunsarizing the polychlorinated biphenyl (?C3) pollution probless frca the laown available inforsation to i ' date. Out of this report ease considerable lnforsatlon* .conclusions* and recosaendatlsns which we have attempted to i. tie together Into a plan of action In this document. Our - objective has been to take a reasonable and responsible approach to the entire problen. Before we get into the ( 'problem, we should clarify the meaning of ?CB, the nature of the entire line* and hew these tie into our product line of Aroelors. a .7 . * . -- -r Monsanto entered the Aroclor market in 1930 by acquiring Swain vent oat of Anniston Alabama to (S' in 1 9 3 1 / ^Since that tine the - -- -------- -------------- -- -- market bis grown to 170 to 20!(varldNlde Chemical Biphenyl Monsanto Product Line Mature of Material at Aabient________ Solid 5r-- -Suhliaes-a Monoehlorcbi phenyl I r***\} "O G" . Tricnloroeiphenyl - ap C Quaterehlsrobiphenyl iG Q 2 Pentachlorobipheayl Aroclor 1221 Aroelor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1243 Aroclor 1254 this liquid (oil) thin flush water. oily type fluid material Thicker - transmission oil Beavy-Mclasses Aroclor 1250 ' Thick - tar Beptaehlorqbiphenyl Aroclor 1262 7ery thick - liquis ri )-( DecJbroSTphanyl Aroclor 12 63 Aroelor 12715 . Solid -3- V. V? Santowas or terpfaenyi Solid Aroclcr 5460 Solid ^ Oamage to the ecological system by contamination from polychlorinated It*// 2 vl ttt- biphenyl (PCS). , Sctensiveness The problem involves the entire united States, Canada, and sections of ^ Europe especially the United Kingdom and Sweden, jls the Investigaticn ^ broadens other areas of Europe, Asia and Latin America will surely become involved. Evidence of contamination have been shown l seme of the very remote parts of the world. The Involvement could and most likely will follow the LOT Investigations. IT. Mature of the Problem Professors Widmark and Jensen of the institute of Analytical Chemistry at Stockholm, Sweden, In Hovember 19^5 * 'announced and confirmed findin: w PCS In fish, birds, and eggs. Subsequent findings were made in 1967 -- Great Britain. In February 1969 Professor Slsebrcugh of the Universiof California published an article In the San Francisco Chronicle relaying- his findings of PCS in the environment of the United States. Monsanto confirmed the presence of PCS's in add-1969 and confirmed the adequacy of work by Vidmark and Jensen and others; truly, the PGS's are a worldwide ecolo logical problem.- I Analysis Indicates the environmental presence of the 5 "'r' :.v' '''-; il Aroclor 1260. * We have strong indications that Aroclor 2242 cr at leas' ' l __ '__ _ .. part of it degrades biologically. Since the Aroclor 1242 contains arc; } 7* percent of the 5 chlorine biphenyl or higher we cannot rale out the possibility that the observations Bay be a concentration affect of the .. higher chlorinated biphenyls of Aroclor 1242. [ To date there have been no reports of finding Aroclor 1242 present in | the environment (except outside the effluent of our plants where we kr. * Aroclor 1242 is present). The seriousness of the probles can best be spelled out as follows: 1. ?ish - Marine or aquatic species concentrate ?C3 In the fatty tissue. Toxic is small quantities (down to 5 ppi) to sensitive =a life such as shrimp. 2. Birds - Predatory species feeding os the marine or aquatic life ca further concentrate PCS to possible harmful effects. Specifically in birds PCS can affect the calcium metabolism leading to egg she! imperfections which prevents proper hatch of' the young. In fact, Monsanto has confirmed the eggshell by feeding chickens, a high order of the speeles, PCS's in controlled tests. 3. Man - 'Ttert is no harmful effect known to man or other mammals a_f* 40 years of production. Investigations are underway by various sources. STR 0219*3 4. Political and Public Section - ?C3*s are falsely t-**** with DDT because ?C3rs show up In the analysis for SOS. PCS(s are linked other permanent type chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. This becomes particularly serious since about every article, of food In country is being examined for a trace of these materials. . .1. 1 i I ; : .;.`Sr*" --* fe HETACHLOS 20T 3 E O UNOANE 'f e HBTACHLC8 TOOOS Qp Q9J< JL aa c-c-a H o-cc: 000 R g 1 Sfese&ni Frmala of Ma C2riorcated-Hrdzae2rbaa\ i* k? ,. B: 0 . t>E9T IC |p|Sp a*- r.i BivMp fi > I lleptaohlor ' Modano T .< . 9 i W r y.ti' Pdtlo*ychlor .C o,p DPT , \ .T *f PP.* DB t^9 pp* PpD f Aldrifi y Dloldrln j 5, . B,l|fel fi i li: i 5. ii ;:*IH-uv a ; I .V | s W - V. 'Iffect on Monsanto .^^Business potential at states an % weCLdvi^e basis: 'I#^-F,l-u;ids Plasticisers Tstal/Tear -7Cr lbs, $165T *6-Sff a.?. lb s . *ar V $2-3ir G.P. 10W lb s. $22K $S-UST G .F . r-'+i Already competition is using certain data against us in competitive situations. A. Legal liability Direct lawsuits are possible. The materials are already present in nature having done their "alleged damage". All customers using the: products have not b e officially notified about known effects ncr our labels carry this information. These are only a few of the possible legal implications which would best be covered by the legal department. B. Public Image The corporate image of Monsanto as a responsible member of the business world genuinely concerned with the welfare of our environ ment will be adversely affected with increased publicity. The evidence proving the persistence of these compounds and their universal presence as residues la the environment is beyond questioning. This combined with certain scare publications is cert to give an adverse image. Guilty^association (with BET) will pre vail as the background while actual' facts may be sparse. Customer Helatlons STR 02l*** Some customers who presently use these materials will be "seared of to other competitive products. Products associated with the same name or "trademark"'will be adversely affected le., Thermlnol..... Pydraul and Aroclor. Competitors will use the information for-an Influence on Monsanto products. . . . Customers id.11 seek other "outs'* rather than become involved. Effect on Customers and Ultimate Ccrsusnrs 'one of the unique* features of ?C3*s is their fire resistance. Here the basic decision whether to risk lives due to fire or risk extinction of, some species of birds. Is this case the ?C3 would probably be accepted as a necessary pollutant and tolerated under controller conditions. A. Zlectrical Industry - Capacitors and Transformers use Aroclsr because it is the best inexpensive dielectric fluid available. B. Pood Processing - Bulk "deep frying" units for potato chips, fish, and doughnuts use the fire resistance fluid as an indirect heating medium C. Die Caster ~ and other hot metal working industries fire resistanc fluids to protect the worker^ Affects a wide range of plasties and adhesives because the ?C3 serves as'the plasticiser. A wide-range-of paints and coatings are affected. The "Carbonless" carbon paper used so widely would disappear. Involvement With Other Producers Although Monsanto is most probably responsible for the U.S. ccntamlnat: aad Jointly responsible with MCL for .the 'Ohited Kingdom problem, we cannot accept responsibility for the world. There are five laown producers in the free world, several possible producers behind the ire: curtain and couple of additional companies maiding overtures about entering the business. Monsanto representatives have an one occasion discussed .this-problem, with a couple of these producers but. they ... . . expressed no great concern. In fast, it is highly possible that one c these manufacturers is dumping his waste into the Hhine River. Cert* ay actios takes by on* producer will seat1.assurkily afftet the other ^ is- tfest plan of actios could be develcpe hot will seat probably have to be spearheaded by Hensaato.- It is als "likely that producers of other chlorinated products used with ?C2's will be dragged late the investigation. * Sources ot Contamination Although there say be scae sail and air contamination involved, by fa; the sest critical prob lea at present is water contamination. To our knowledge to date the contamination can be broken down into two geners .categories, open and indirect pollution. A. Open Pollution - Cur gangfaetaring facilities sewered a sizeable quantity of ?CS's in a years tine. 1. Plaids Plaids are probably the bo at open scarce of pollutics because their sobility. They also say be the least serlocs because th are generally the lower ehlcrlsated materials 2. Slectrical Slectrical customers have ia the past sewered their wastes. 3* Seat transfer Seat transfer customers have sewered their objectionable a n d . their spilled material. 4. -Industrial These fluids have generally been sprayed late drains, washed down sewers and generally regarded as very harmless. All of the fluids have had the a|isk" constituent damped on dirt roads dedusting agent* which inadvertently found Its way back to the stream. these manuf acturers is dumping his waste into the Rhine River. Certain la y a c tio n ta ke n fey one preducw r * 1 1 1 sso st iL s a u re d ly a r r e s t th e .e th e r.. It i* rtirely possible th-t n* Jwliit plan or action could be developed but will nest probably have to be spearheaded by Monsanto.- jt is also .'likely that producers of other chlorinated preduets used with ?C3's will be dragged into the investigation. * Sources of Contamination Although there nay be scae soil and air contamination involved, by far the aest critical problea at present is water contaaination. To our knowledge to date the contamination can be broken down into two general .eategcries, open and indirect pollution. ' A. Open pollution - Cur manufacturing facilities sewered a sineahle quantity of PCS's in a years time. 1. Fluids Fluids are probably the aost open source of pollution because c their mobility. They also say be the least serious because the are generally the lower chlorinated materials. 2. Slectrital 31ec epical customers have in the past sewered their wastes. 3 Heat Transfer Heat transf er customers have sewered their objectionable and their spilled material. A. -Industrial Ciese fluids have generally been sprayed into drains, washed down sewers and generally regarded as very harmless. Ivt'S All of the fluids have had the *^iak* constituent dumped on dirt reads dedusting agent" which inadvertently found Its way back to the stream. I 0 f ( l [ t I. I 8 5. Plastics j-i ** * have aot found and cannot find their way back to streams in c pollution. B . Indirect Shipping containers and the cleaning, thereof for subsequent use a source cf contamination! 1 Fluids a. Slectrical - Disposal of "burned out1* transformer and capacitors nay find its nay back to streams. Scrap units (new) are generally disposed of ia fills but eould possibly get back to the stress. b. Seat Transfer - Leaks eould contaminate. e. Industrial - Cress product contamination carried cut of a air compressor. Residual material carried os parts. Plasticisers a. Process Contamination frea Washing (1.) Environment Contamination Swimming pool paints Incineration of waz coati Traffic paints (2.) ,Product Contamination STR 021949 Coating for tank lining inks aad paper coatings adhesives IX. Recent Technical Changes Which Save Bearing on the Contamination A. Fluids - The sources of pollution were pointed cut as they have been in tr past because we are dealing with that cuantitv oi* material in ths