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EVIDENCE Or TETRACIILORODIBENZOFURAN (TCOD IN AROCLOR 1254R AND THE URINE OF RATS FOLLOWING DIETARY EXPOSURE TO AROCLOR 1254R by August Curley1 Virlyn W. Burse2 Ralph W. Jennings2 Ellen C. Villanueva*4 Renate D. Kimbrough2** Formerly: Environmental Protection Agency Chamblee Toxicology Laboratory 4770 Buford Highway Chamblee, Georgia 303M1 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711. 2U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1330 West Peachtree* Street, N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. * Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV, 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309. "The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, P.0. Drawer 1734, Atlanta, Georgia 30301. ^Center for Disease Control, Toxicology Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30333. * Portions of this paper were presented at the 163rd National ACS Meeting, Division of Pesticide Chemistry, April 10, . 1972, Boston, Mass. - A* Correspondence and reprint requests: Dr. R. D. Kimbrough. HONS 040211 ABSTRACT Urine of rats following prolonged exposure to a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254R) and the Aroclor 1254R itself wore analyzed for the presence of other chlorinated moieties by maus spectrometry. Ir. urine pentachloroblphcnyl (MVe 324), the fragment resulting from loss of 70 mass units, and a molecular ion at H+/e 304 with an isotopic cluster indicative of 4 Cl in addition to other PCB isomers belcw M+/e 230 were observed. One fraction (V) of the Aroclor 1254R florisil elution itself contained various PCB isomers and the molecular ion M+/e 304 with an isotopic cluster indicative o.. 4 Cl. This molecular ion M+/o 304 from urine as well as Aroclor 1254r compared favorably with the standard tetrachlorodibenzofuran and was also present in methylated urine of rats fed Aroclor 1254R. INTRODUCTION Recent reports and past findings indicate that impurities found in some technical products may result in disease following exposure. Chloracne, X-disease and the chick edema factor are classic examples of disease resulting from exposure to chlorinated compounds, contaminants in the same, or both^. Chlorinated dibenzodioxlns (CDD) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDF) have been the most implicated as contaminants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). VOS at al. accounted for differences in the toxicities of three commercially available PCB preparations, namely: Phenoclor DPG, French; Clophen A60, German; and Aroclor 1260R, U.S. by the proeence of two polar compounds in the third fractions (25% Et^O in hexane) of the French and German products, namely tetra and pentachlorodibenzofurans. Chlorinated dibenzofurans, including the tetrachlorodibenzofuran as well as pentachloronaphthalene were also identified in a Japanese PCB (Kanechlor 400)3. Neither was found in the U. S. product, Aroclor 1260R. ' This paper reports the details of the mass spectral findings of a tetrachloro compound with a molecular weight of 3C4 in the urine of rats following prolonged exposure to Aroclor 1254R. It also reports evidence in support of the presence of a similar compound in Aroclor 1254R itself. MONS 040212 EXPERIMENTAL In the First study sixteen-hour urine camples were collected from eight male Sherman 3troin rats. Seven had been on a dietary level of 100 ppm Aroclor 1254u (between 13-5 mg/kg/day) for times varying from 4-58 days. One had been on n dietary level of 500 ppm Aroclor 1254K (about 25 mg/kg/day) for 252 days. These rat3 were started on the experimental diet when they were about 45 days old. The total Aroclor consumption of all rats over the entire period of exposure up to the time the urine was collected was 3.0 grams. Urine averaged 11 mis per rat and was extracted separately with hexane at a pH of about 7 and .'luted from micro silica gel columns with a 1:1 mixture of benzene:hexane according to the method of Curley et al.1*. Samples were combined prior to mass spectral analysis. . In a second study, seven-day urine samples were collected from four female rats that had boon fed Aroclor 1254**, 100 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/ day) for eight months. The pooled urine sample, 440 mis - pH 6.6, Was extracted six times with 50 mis of diethyl ether-hexane (3:1). Each 50 mis of extract was centrifuged and the supernates combined. The extract was evaporated to 15 mis and partitioned with acetonitrile as described by Mills . Prior to mass spectral analysis the sample was methylated using a procedure similar to that of Stanley6. Aroclor 1254**, 1.7 grams, was dissolved in 300 mis of hexane. The chromatography column had an I.D. of approximately 34 mm and was filled with 180 grams of PR grade activated florisil. The column was pre-washed with hexane and the Aroclor standard was added in 300 mis hexane. The fractions and volumes collected are listed in Table I. Analysis of each fraction using Coulson Conductometry revealed a general pattern Indicative of Aroclor 1254**. TABLE I Elution of Aroclor 1254** from Florisil Elute Vol. (mis) Fraction Hexane 5t Et-0 in Hexane 25% EtjO in Hexane 50% EtjO in Hexane 50% EtjO in Hexane 1200 1200 200 mis each 500 mis - 500 mis I II III, IV, IX X RESULTS AND DISCUSSION " The mass spectrum resulting from the analysis of authenlc 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) is shown in figure 1. The molecular Ion M+/e 338 with a chlorine isotopic cluster indicative of 5 is the pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) obtained as an impurity during the synthesis of TCDF*. The low intensity ion at M+/o 275 is the fragment resulting from the loss of 63 mass units from PCDF. The molecular HONS 040213 ion at M*7o SOM, TCDF, contains the base peak. The fragmentography of TCDr is characterized by the loss of 63 nans units (C0C1) to yield tlio fragment at Ht/c 241 and subsequent loss of 70 mass units (2C1) to yield tv /e 171. Doubly charged ions were observed at MtJ/c 15? and M^/e 120.5 with isotopic clusters synonomous with those of their singly charged counterparts at M+/c 304 and M+/e 241 respectively. The characteristic loss of C0C1 has been observed in the fragmentation of similarly structured compounds, namely the chlorinated dioxins and higher chlorinated dibenzofurans Curley ct al.7. The uri.ie spectrum from the first study (Tig 2A) shows the presence of pentachlorobiphenyl (H+/e 324) and the fragment resulting from the loss of 70 mass units to yield M+/c 254. Low intensity ions at M+/c 288 and M+/e 290. were observed. The molecular ion at M+/e 304 contains an isotopic cluster indicative of 4 Cl with one major fragment at M+/e 235 indicative of the loss of 2 Cl. Observation of the spectrum below H+/e 230 revealed that it was attributed entirely to PCD's. Fraction V from the Aroclor 1254R florisil elution (Fig 2B) contains the hexachlorobiphenyl (M+/e 358), pentachlorobiphenyl (M+/e 324) in addition to tri and tetrachlorobiphenyl fragments (N+/e 288 and MVe 253) resulting from the loss of 2 Cl from 358 and 324 respectively. Also present in the spectrum is the molecular ion M+/e 304 with an isotopic cluster indicative of 4 Cl. This ion compares favorably with TCDF. The low intensity of the Ion at 304 precluded observance of any fragmentation. Figure 2C shows the spectrum produced by urine that had been methylated. The spectrum indicates the presence of a monomethoxy derivative of pentachlorobiphenyl (M+/e 354) with major fragment ions indicative of: (1) loss of methyl and carbon monoxide (M+-43) to yield M+/e 311 and (2) subsequent loss of methyl and Carbon monoxide and two chlorines (M+-113) to yield M+/e 241. This spectrum also contains a molecular ion with an isotopic cluster indicative of four chlorines at M+/e 304. . Mass spectral evidence does not establish unequivocally the presence of TCDF. However, it can be said that the molecular ion, 304, is not the result of fragmentation of a higher molecular weight component of the isomeric commercial Aroclor 1254R mixture. There is a noticeable difference in the relative intensities of the molecular ions, M+/e 304, in the urine and standard Aroclor 1254R, The amount of Aroclor represented in Fraction V is 1.7 grams, while the urine represents 3.0 grams consumed over an extended period. The urine sample enrichment in the analyzer tube was low necessitating a greatly amplified normalized spectrum. pQ Hutzinger et al. * , have reported the presence of hydroxylated biphenyls in urine resulting from metabolism in addition to tho presence of oxygen derivatives resulting from irradiation of Aroclor 1254R films; spectra in both instances show the presence of M+/o 306 with an isotopic pattern indicative of four chlorines. MONS 04021'* This author and co-work ora have observed a molecular ion matching the 306 apccieS' reported by llutzingcr, however ita fragmentation has boon characterized by ttic predominance of the fragment resulting from the loss of 70 mass unite. ! The molecular ion M+/e 304 was also present in methylated urine obtained from 4 female rats that had consumed Aroclor 12S4R foi> eight months (Tig 2C). This finding indicates that a 304 tetrachloro component is present in the urine and at a trace level in the analy ed commercial FCB preparation. A trace level of the 304 tetrachloro component was also present lrl the analyzed commercial PCB preparation. One would have to consider the possibility of such a compound existing in the PCB preparation from a review of the purification process. This process consists of distillation of the crude material at reduced pressures (about 60 mm Hg) and elevated temperatures (150C-300C) in the presence of a few tenths of 1% of lime or sodium hydroxide, Papageorgc*0, Hubbard1^, and could lead to hydroxylation and the subsequent loss of HC1 could lead to a dibenzofuran derivative. LEGEND Figure 1 ' Hass Spectrum resulting from the direct probe analysis, at 30*C and 70 eV, of authenicated 2,3,7,B tetrachloro- dibenzofuran; see Figure 2A for other conditions. Figure 2A Mass spectrum resulting from GC-MS analysis of 88 mis of rat urine. LKB 9000 GC-MS, mass marker *0.3 mass unit. GC column temperature, 209C; flash heater 235C; glass coiled column, 6'xl/4" 1.5 OV-17/1.95 QF-1 on 60/80 mesh chromosorb "X" H.P., A.W., DMCS; carrier gas (He) 30 psi and 46 cc/min.; separator, 320C; source 290C; energy, 70 eV; accelerating voltage, 3.5 KV; trap current, 60 uA; box current, 50 uA; leak current, 8 uA. ,, Figure 2B Hass spectrum resulting from GC-MS analysis of Fraction V 25% Et,0/Hex of Aroclor 1254R. LKB 9000 CC-KS, other conditions see fig. 2A. Instrument calibrated with PFK. _ Flgure 2C Mass spectrum of 220 mis urine following mcthylation with diazomethane. Mass spectral conditions see fig. 2A. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are indeed grateful to Dr's. A. Poland, J.J. Wade and A.S. Kende, School of Medicine and Department of Chomistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York for a gift of the authenticated 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibcnzofuran. MONS 040215 // /REFERENCES I KIMBROUGH. R.D.. Arch. Environ. Hlth.. 25., 12S (1972). VOS, J.G., KOKMAN, J.ll. , VAN DER HAAS, II.L. , TEN NOEVER DE BRAUN, H.C., and DE VOS, R. II., Td. Cooraet. Toxicol., 8, G25 (1970). ~ ROACH, J.A.C. and POMERANTZ, I.H., Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 12, 338 (1974). CURLEY, A., BURSE, V.W., GRIM, M.E., JENNINGS, R.W., and LINDER, R.E., Environmental Res., 4_, 481 (1971). MILLS, P.A., J. Ass. Off. Agrl. Chem., 42, 734 (1959). STANLEY, C.W., J. Agr. Food Chem., 14, 321 (1966). CURLEY, A., JENNINGS, R.W., BURSE, V.W. , VILLANUEVA, E.C., .Pesticide Chemistry, 4_, 71 (1974). . HUTZINGER, 0., NASH, D.M., SAFE, S., DEFREITAS, A.S.W., NORSTROM, R.J., WILDISH, D.J., and ZITKO, V., Science, 178, 312 (1972). HUTZINGER, 0.; SAFE, S., and ZITKO, V., Environmental Hlth. Perspectives, No. 1, 15 (1972). ; Personal Communication. W. B. PAPAGEORGE, June 22, 1973. HUBBARD, H.L., Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, , 289 (1965). ' /; I. I' / / ) i ,1 MONS 040216 HONS 0 4 0 2 1 7 FIGURE 1 $ kH IS s _LL 120 130 MO 150 f- -P--r170 180 200 220 a> -*4280 280 300 320 340 360 HONS 0 4 0 2 1 8 INTENSITY % MONS 0 4 0 2 1 9 lOO-i 50H FIGURE 2B 04 ILl. 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 M'Ve m HONS 0 4 0 2 2 0