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694 CHAPTER 31 1954 Guide be no interference with the movement of air throughout its entire path from the high velocity nozzles to the front of the theater. The ceiling should be smooth, without projecting beams or obstructing ornamentation. For large theaters, relatively high velocities can be used. These will work satisfac torily if adjustable outlets are used to avoid areas of local turbulence. In small or medium size theaters, it is sometimes practicable to use side wall or front wall distribution. For the satisfactory operation of such a Fig. 17. Small Store Cooling Distribution A. Rear Wall. High outlet velocity, satisfactory if properly designed; possibility of excessive air motion and drafts if used for wrong application. B. Front Wall. High outlet velocity, results same as A. C. Frontand Rear Walls. Moderate room air motion, outlet blowsshould not impingegivingrise to down drafts in center. D..Center. Moderate air motion, no impingement of air streams. Good results. E. One Side. Moderate room air motion; should blow toward exposed wall. Good results. F. Ceiling. Low room air motion. Good results. Outlets should be selected of sufficient size to allow for blocking when not located in perfect squares. system during the winter heating period, the returns should preferably be located at the floor level and near the front of the theater to prevent cold spots resulting from exposed wall convection or infiltration from exits. For multi-room buildings diagrams shown in Fig 16 illustrate distribution methods for small rooms with exposed wall, such as offices, hotel (guest) rooms, hospital (patients) rooms, apartments, etc. For a small store the cooling performance of various distribution methods is illustrated in Fig. 17. REFERENCES 1 Ventilation Jets in Room Air Distribution, by H. B. Nottage. Originally sub mitted as a Ph.D. thesis to Case Institute of Technology. (3 volumes) Loan copies available from A.S.H.V.E. Research Laboratory. (a) Volume I: Data and interpretations of tests for ventilation jets discharging horizontally into a large confining space. 131 pages + 67 fig. + 9 tables. (b) Volume II: Appendix A. Survey of the literature on the problems of ventila tion jets and the related fundamentals of turbulent flow. 499 pages incl. figs- (c) aVnodlutmabeleIsI.I: Appendixes B to H. General features of the experimental installa tions, instrumentation, and operations, boundary-layer theory and workenergy treatment. (142 pages incl. figures). 'Air Velocities in Ventilating Jets, by G. L. Tuve (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Sec tion, Healing, Piping & Air Conditioning, January 1953, p. 181). 'Air Flow at Discharge of Fan-Pipe Lines in Mines, by G. E. McElroy (V. SBureau of Mines Report of Investigations R. I. 3730. November 1943, p. 19.) Air Distribution 695 4 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1404--Comparative Study of Ventilating Jets from Various Types of Outlets, by Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 56, 1950, p. 459). 5 Throw of Air from Slots and Jets, by R. D. Madison and W. R. Elliot (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Healing, Piping & Air Conditioning, November 1946, p. 108). 6 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1328--The Discharge of Air from a Long Sp.lo8t7, )b. y Alfred Koestel and G. L. Tuve (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 54, 1948, 7 The Control of Air Streams from a Long Slot, by Alfred Koestel and C. Y. Young (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 57, 1951, p. 407). 8 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1366--Air Streams from Perforated Panels, bv Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 283). 5 Isothermal Ventilation--Jet Fundamentals, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby and W. P. Gojsza (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Healing, Piping & Air Conditioning, January 1952, p. 165). nol1o0gEy)n.trainment in Ventilating Jets, unpublished paper (Case Institute of Tech 11 Computation Charts and Theory for Rectangular and Circular Jets, by Harold G. Elrod, Jr. (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning, March 1954). ,1! A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1155--The Performance of Stack Heads, by D. W. Nelson, D. H. Krans and A. F. Tuthill (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 205). 13 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1206--Performance of Stack Heads Equipped with Grilles, by D. W. Nelson, D. H. Lamb and G. E. Smedberg (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 48, 1942, p. 279). 14 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1226--Performance of Side Outlets on Hori Vzoonl.ta4l9Dj 1u9e4t3s,, pb.y58D).. W. Nelson and G. E. Smedberg (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, BIBLIOGRAPHY Note: Many theoretical papers on air jets have been published which--though highly interesting and even fascinating to the specialist--are of little value to the practicing engineer. This guide to the literature on air distribution is, therefore, purposely restricted to papers resulting from research sponsored by The American Society op Heating and Ventilating Engineers and other papers of interest to engineers which are easily accessible to them. For an excellent survey of the entire literature the reader is referred to Reference 1. A.S.H.V.E. Research Laboratory A.S.H.V.E. Research in Air Distribution and Air Duct Friction, by Cyril Tasker. (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping <fc Air Conditioning, April 1948, p. 125). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--Ventilation Jets in Air Distribution, by H. B. Nottage (See Reference 1). The following papers based on this report have been published: A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1360--Turbulence--A Fundamental Frontier in Air Distribution, by H. B. Nottage (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 55,1949, p. 193). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1402--A Simple Heated-Thermocouple Anemometer, by H. B. Not tage (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions Vol. 56, 1950, p. 431). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--Isothermal Ventilation-Jet Fundamentals, by H. B. Nottage, J. Golaby, and W. P. Gojsza (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning, January lfl52, p. 165). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--A Wire Direction Probe, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P^ojsia (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping <fc Air Conditioning, April 1952, p. 123). r, A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--Outlet Turbulence Intensity as a Factor in Isothermal-Jet Flow, by f?- . Nottage, J. G. Slaby,and W. P. Gojsza (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating. Piping <fc Air Conditurning. May 1952, p. 117). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--A Smoke-Filament Technique for Experimental Research in Room pl.r Pistribution, by H. B. Nottage, J. G- Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza (A.S.H.V.E. Journal SectionfHeating, 'ping <fr Air Conditioning, July 1952, p. 123). . p A.S.H.V.E. Research Report--Exploration of a Chilled Jet, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza (A.S.H.V.E. Journa_l S.e..c.tiuovniw, Huewawtinimg,, Prviupginugai<fievoAzt,rpC. o1r2u2f)t.Koninp, August 1952, p. 122). A.S.H.V.E. Cooperative Research at Case Institute of Technology . A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1140--The Use of Air Velocity Meters, by G. L. Tuve, D. K: Wright, Jr- and L. J. Seigel (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45,1939, p. 645). A.S.H.V.E Research Report No. 1162--Air Flow Measurements at Intake and Discharge Openings &nd Grilles, by G. L. Tuve and D. K. Wright, Jr. (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 313).