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^AROCLORS
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ASJJSED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo. Sept. 1, 1948
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Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax in the manufacture of polishes.
This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of carnauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes.
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Registered in U.S. Patent Office
The Inferrnotton In this bulletin It betrd en ear experience, represent* ear belt lodgment In the matter, end H
Intended to be helpful; but we cannet ettume retpontlbllify fee any lets ar accident that may retuH from Its ate.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving cf this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but It also offers an attractive saving in cost.
Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following Information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by G. W. Wood (Maxwaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
The physical properties of Aroclors are given In Monsanto's Techni cal Bulletin No. F-115, "The Aroclors".
II. PROPERTIES OF PURE CARNAUBA WAX
Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristicss -
Specific gravity. ........ O.99 at 15C. Melting point . . . . . . . .84.1- 91C. Acid value. ........... 2.0 - 7.0 Sap. value. .................................... .... . 78.4 - 88.3 mg. KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, in general the following properties are typicals
Specific gravity........................................
8 at 15C.
Acid value .................................................
Sap. value.................... ............................. 870
Iodine value .... ......................... ,,9.9*
Alcohols
.................... ...... 49.22*
Melting point of alcohols . . 8lC.
Acetyl value
122
Hydrocarbons .......... Nil
These properties Indicate to the experienced wax blender that bhe prepa ration of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials in order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax.
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The principal requirements of a good carnauba wax substitute are:
Hardness or penetration value should be at least
equal to that of the natural vax.
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Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-
crystalline and somewhat brittle.
Melting point should be similar to the natural wax end the setting point should not be more than about 6C. below this point, otherwise protracted
cooling phenomena will be experienced.
Performance. Especially with respect to physicalappearance and performance, the substituted wax . composition must possess the working characteristics of the natural wax with reference to the particular end use application of the substitute.
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IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA WAX
SUBSTITUTES
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The early work done both in America and in Europe to prepare carnauba vax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin wax, ceresin, colophony, nontan wax, beeswax, candelllla wax, ozo kerite and shellac wax to arrive at a blend possessing properties similar to carnauba vax. Like the case of carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials have increased in price and have become scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest In Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table.
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TABLE I.
COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS
' No. (1)
(2)
Parts by Composition Weight Color
Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba wax Ceresin Paraffin
5.0 2.5 2.5 > 20.0 1 70.0
Light Cream
Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba Wax Ceresin Paraffin
10.0,
5*0, 5.0 1 20.0 1 60.0 1
Pale yellow, white
Texture
Softening
Melting
Point _______ Point
Smooth, hard non-tacky
58 C.
67.5*0.
Similar to above
60C.
7S*C.
Aroclor 1268 19.6]
Aroclor 1242
4.9
(3) Carnauba wax
6.8 1 Pale
Ceresin
19.6 1 yellow
Paraffin
49.0]
Similar to above
IV 0.
79C.
Aroclor 1268 30.o;
Aroclor 1242
5.0
w Carnauba wax 10.0 1 Pale
Ceresin
20.0 1 yellow
Paraffin
35.0]
Smooth, hard, slightly brittle
78 C.
78C.
Aroclor 1268 35.0]
Aroclor 1242
5.0,
(5) Carnauba wax 30.0 1 Pale
Ceresin
20.0, 1 cream
Paraffin
10.0,
Slight surface crystallinity
79 C.
86 C.
.Aroclor 1268
Aroclor 1242 (6) Carnauba wax
Ceresin
35.0] 5.0
40.0, 1 20.0]
Cream
Similar to above
81 C.
86.5C.
Aroclor 1268 35.0]
Aroclor 1242 5.0
(7) Carnauba wax 50.0, Cream
Ceresin
10.0]
Smooth, carnauba 80.5C. ringed surface
88 C.
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It should be noted that a liquid or plasticizer-type Aroclor such
as Aroclor 1242 is used in combination with the resinous-type Aro
clor 1268o This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resin
oub type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility`of the
blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures
of Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax
blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresin wax is incorporated for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend. The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point 135o-l40P., is used largely as a filler. The type of camauba wax used in preparing the blends is prime yellow with a melting point
of 84.5C.
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 Is excellent for use in polishes.
V. TmGAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car polish?
Household Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) Natural ozokerite ........ Paraffin, hard................................
Mineral spirits . ... .
1 3 26
70
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Characteristics. This Is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good
polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
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Car Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) . . 15
Candelilla wax
2
' Natural ozokerite ....... 3
Mineral spirits ......o. 30
Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
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VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX
Ouricury wax is less expensive than camauba, generally .much harder,
with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good luster-
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producing properties.' The drawbacks of ouricury wax are inorganic
impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and its dark color usually ranging
from light chocolate brown to very dark brown.
The following formulation illustrates the replacement of camauba with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ouricury wax posseeslng a melting point of o9C., acid value 11.0 and saponification
value of 86.1s
Composition
Parts by weight
Aroclor 5460
Aroelor 1242 Ouricury wax
Ceresin . . Paraffin . .
30
5 30 20
15
Characteristic s s
Color -- Texture-- Softening Point-- Melting Point --
Light buff. Very smooth, hard. 6oC. 78.5C.
The following car polish was made according to this formulas
" Car Polish (Ouricury)...
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Composition
Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above) . . 8
Natural ozokerite
2
Paraffin, hard
....................10
Aroclor 1242 ..... 5*
Mineral spirits....................... . . 75*
Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes.
(It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used In this composition.)
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Characteristics: The color of this composition is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes made from fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good polishlng properties on all types of surfaces.
VII. TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT
THE USE OP AROCLORS
In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, pre cautions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aroclors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary and good factory operating practice.
When Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors as suggested in the formulations given in this bulletin, it is not expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to humans. This is based on the following information reported by a reliable source.
It was determined by the skin patch test, procedure given by Doctor Louis Schwartz and Doctor Samuel M. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 1944) that cotton fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin in such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5460, was neither a skin irritant nor a sensitizer.
VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS
1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the extension or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation. This is accomplished at an attrac tive saving in cost.
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2. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ouricury wax, it is
possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
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* 3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for uee on
practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
The Information contained In this bulletin Is to our best knowledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company dis claims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use.
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo.
New York-Chicago-Boston-Birminghaa-Charlotte-Cincinnati-Detroit Cleveland-Philadelphia-Los Angeles-San Franclsco-Montreal
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