Document mqRzbG8Lw8armb5NNnoYjw8Qb

w 1957 National Safely Congress 00CG49 Chemical him strife difficult problem. These people may be in r. . ie'd\c%sei while it is still highly hardened component in high pressure cated behind a barricade iaod-.observed with the area only occasionally and for short ttslifeJ-:Men. must leafii tg equipment is the cap o the common, flat- mirrors. They should not be used to more periods of time. gasket type high pressure reactor or "bomb.'' This is required for practical, structural reasons, .but we attempt to avoid it by using other types of closures in all but small, medium-pressure vessels. than 70 per cent of rating, and will last a lot longer and maintain accuracy better if used at only 50 per cent of rated pressure,' Gas storage or supply cylinders are rather , "thin-skinned'* and should not be located in They may have little knowledge of the equipment or work, and must be carefully instructed regarding safety practices which may be peculiar to high pressure work. This type of situation will vary with the particu- signs and to deal with them safely. The same philosophy applies to disassem bly and maintenance work on such equip ment. Each line and vessel must he treated as though it is a loaded gun until you arc With this one exception, a minimum of an operating cubicle. In event of trouble, l*. lar installation and circumstances, but we absolutely certain about it. 10 per cent elongation should be specified their presence can only add to the problem^ should always keep in mind the uninformed High pressure work may be done safely (or materials used in the construction of The use of check valves in lines between "stranger" who has occasion to be in the if we use clear, critical thinking and careful i. ; high pressure equipment. When purchasing vessels, reactors, supply cylinders, etc adds, metal stock for this use it is wise to specify greatly to the safety of the operation. These area. planning. We cannot afford to be hasty, to ' Clear thinking and attention to detail are disregard safety practices "just this one metal that is free of Haws or inclusions, one-way valves prevent the possible back' essential in this type of work. Always be on time" or to let our guard down in any other i and is warranted by x-ray or other suit ing up of a reactant or catalyst, which cu able tests. have disastrous consequences. guard for signs of trouble. For instance, way. This applies to all types of high pres when releasing the pressure from a system sure work, be it large or small, simple or KBefore a vessel is placed in service it However, a word of caution concerning it is possible to detect an obstruction in the elaborate. must be pressure tested, preferably to one and one-half times its maximum working pressure. A log sheet should thereafter be kept for each vessel so that a history of its service is available. Frequent inspection of each vessel and regular periodic pressure tests are required to avoid failure resulting from corrosion, small stress cracks, embrit the use of check valves! They are usually a spring-loaded ball valve and are easily fouled and rendered inoperative by small amounts of foreign- material or dirt. Fre quent inspection and testing of these devices is imperative, otherwise one may be led Into a false sense of security. In essence, the human side of safety re entry to a pressure vessel by observing such * things as the rate of fait of pressure in the lines. Abnormal behavior in this respect is a sign of danger. Observation of such signs may avert the disastrous consequences of opening a sup- f Even if the installation is small and funds are limited, it is still possible to keep this basic philosophy and conduct the work in a safe manner. In that respect, safety is like happiness--it is the man that counts and money just cannot buy it.-^ tlement, etc. duces itself to one point--education. The CONED CONNECTION The common coned high pressure connec problem becomes one of (caching men to understand their equipment and to think carefully before they act. For instance, one CONTROLLING HEALTH HAZARDS tion has frequently been a source of diffi culty, most of which is easily avoidable must somehow get across the idea that high |||pressure equipment, just because it looks IN A CHEMICAL PLANT with a little care and attention. The scaling rugged, docs not require a strong arm and surface is on the tapered end of the tubing, a long-handled wrench for assembly. Carq and the force is applied from the threaded cleanliness, and a sawed-off open-end wrenck by ROBERT A. KEHOE, M.D. i gland via the collar on the tubing. First, the will usually do"a much more effective job head, Dept. Preventive Medicine & Industrial Health, College of Medicine, seating surfaces and threads should always on research scale equipment. Univeitlfy of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio i. i1 K be smooth, clean, and in good order. If not, they should be remachincd or replaced as may be the case. A common error in assembly of one of these connections is in not placing the collar the proper distance back on the tubing. If it is too far back a good seal can be made OPERATING PRACTICES Points such as this must be emphasized demonstrated, and then continually re emphasized. We had a technician with whom we had to go so far as absolutely to forbid him to operate a high pressure valve with any more force than he could exert h{ , 'j' Hazards that arc likely to be present in a chemical plant arc: . , 1.Ordinary mechanical hazards *'. --accidental injuries (falls, dislocations,. sprains, fractures, contusion*;' laedWt*' 3. Chemical hazards --old and well known (but not fully con trolled) chemicals --new products of research and develop ment (often unexplored) but all of the force is taken by only a por by holding the valve handle between his (ions, thermal and chemical burns,"for --exposure in course of research on new tion of the threads of the gland, resulting little finger and thumb. This may have been eign bodies in eye or skin) i products in failure under pressure. an extreme measure, but the man finally --in association with mechanical equip --pilot plant development of new products High pressure gauges present some prob lems, but a little thought when locating them will easily remedy this. Always use the solid front or "blow-out" back type of understood. We use job description sheets, our acci dent prevention Key Point Cards and other means of discussion to review important ment, noise, vibration, fires, explosion, ': Hying particles or missiles, slippery floors, rigging, stairs, ladders, elevators, vehicles or processes --new manufacturing processes involving new ways of handling well-known chemicals or new chemicals. high pressure gauge and remove the glass face cover. A piece of plastic film may be placed over the front of (he gauge to keep out dirt. Gauges should never be placed in such a position as to be directly in line points and hazards with the men. Oik must cultivate (he idea (hat (he safely prac tices arc ground rules which arc just not to be broken. In a large plant such as ours the men who come into the area from tlx 2. Modern physical hazards --ultraviolet and infra red radiation; ultrasomis, high frequency waves; X-ray, radium, other alpha, beta or gamma radiation (I) locus of hazards--aspect of portal of entry--local cflerls, such as con tact with skin, dermatitis--sensitiza tion, gross injury to skin, skin can cer, or inhalation of gases, vapors, with operating personnel, but are best lo shops and services department present a j t!V< '1957 National Safety Congress misls, fumes, dusts. Also asphyxia tion, irritation of lungs--acute (edema, pneumonitis), irrilaliou of lungs--chronic, pneumoconiosis, fi brosis, emphysema, and granuloma (Be). In addition cancer of lung, deposition--rndilion within lung and hilar lymph nodes; specific carcino genic agents are hazards. Ingestion of chemicals, following upper-res piratory (rapping of dusts, follow ing contamination of hands and handling things that go into mouth and following contamination of food stored in work rooms--eaten i n dirty lunch rooms are potential dan gers. (2) nature of hazard--aspect of absorp tion--systemic effects such as: acute intoxication, percutaneous, respira tory, alimentary absorption (often two or all three combined) ; chronic intoxication--remote enzymatic or metabolic effects and organic dam age; or remote radiation effects fol lowing absorption and distribution of radioactive materials in body-- example--bone and marrow, follow ing absorption, distribution and me tabolism of specific carciuogins-- example--bladder tumor. RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS I. Toxicologic investigation (in labora tory) (stepwise with progress of re search and development in industry) (a) screening--preliminary choice or elimination of materials under con sideration-- --immediate toxicity--indicative of .type of control measures based on portal of entry (type and point of application of preventive procedure) (degree of precision required in protection, i. e. extent of apparent danger) (medical criteria--type of anticipaled-injury or disease) (b) Comprehensive--(adapted to the problems to be met) --manufacturing hazards --hazards of transportation ami use as raw materials by others --hazards of consumer of final prod uct --cumulative elTedi if any in --metabolic fate in body--remote ef- /eels--long-term--cbronic^mjuri- ous effects ' --diagnostic and prognostic procedures based on results of investigation 2. Toxicologic investigation--'(in plant) clin 3. Administrative measures of control K `- --appropriate organization of hygienic fa * cility in relation lo operations --appropriate budgetary provision for hy- . gienic effort '. ical investigation of personnel Key'Adequate control depends upon the com --basis of all specifications for safe en- ! vironment i --sometimes the only basis for recognition plete understanding of (he hazard through ^physiologic and toxicologic research, f'i'' In addition, satisfactory team work in of hazard, c. g. beryllium, occupational cludes: cancer Si i000350 Chemical Industries . . . 1. PhydMHQffbtftlkig. nurse and tcchni*. cian^*wB?ITres``a[5plte(t to' perstfrlhcKJ measures to be applied to, Environment (hygienic specifications) 2. Engineer (including chemist, physicist and technicians) meastires'lo be applied to environment (hygienic technologic applications) / 3. Management proper organization proper financial implementation^ CONTROL OF HAZARDS . 1. Medical measures of control--environ- \ mental--(operations, plant conditions f) and (how men work) { LIVING IN THE AIR WE BREATHE --clinical examination--all types. ; --policing the plant--(clinical findings and ' by H. H. FAWCETT tests on personnel) safety director, reseafeh laboratory, General Electric co., Schenectady, N. V. --identification and quantitation of re- Jgy . spouses to observed exposure--within physiological (tolerable) limits--beyond v ^ Living in the air we breathe, has been a "(lay-by-day" thought and deliberate action physiological limits problem since God created 'man from dust lo obtain. --warning of need for further protection 4>and then breathed into him the breath of --disposition of personnel with respect to exposure restriction of time (duration) of exposure--removal from exposure --temporary or permanent life! But even today, the vital role of breathing in our daily life has not been com pletely appreciated. This paper reviews briefly (1) air contaminants,, and (2) com?tnercially available respiratory protective de E--personal protective equipment (choice and supervision, physiological criteria) \ adequacy of equipment employed--adcquacy of its maintenance--adequacy of '* --ietds, ucuastei.on, group meet.ings, wri.tten .m- drjt vices, with emphasis on their limitations, and 'on the training and maintenance necessary Ifor safe and effective use. I Sjf.Eath of ns is a creature of habits, but [pone of our habits is more vital to life than is breathing. So automatic ami effortless is struclions, hygienic manual, combined j Jtbis habit that wc give almost po thought to with operating manual jlj jour respiration, although most',of us cannot --reports to engineering personnel (in live without air for more than five minutes. We live at the Imitom of an *i f >* railed the alnmq-lnrr. a ....... ........... mixture of several ga*!* I ... .......... ' mainly of four-fifths mtiMgoi i:i<l an oxygen. Virtually limitless in volume and mass as wc view it from the ground, it thins out into space. Half of its density is under 18,000 feet. In a multitude of ways the air assists all living things lo exist. FUNCTIONS OF AIR Besides providing oxygen for breathingoxygen which lungs transfer to the bloodair conveys liolh sound and light, absorbs heat,'enables fires lo bum, propels boats, both operations and industrial hygiene) ,'r Trom the second of our birth when we de turns windmills, makes possible air brakes, and to management V. scend from in ulero (where the oxygen 2. Engineering measures of control ) partial pressure corresponds to 33,000 feet --designing ami applying measures of con-&. J altitude) into a world with a mixture of trol--physical devices for protection S, against chemicals--plant design--opera-,* lions design--ventilating design * --policing the plant (environmental moni- . gases called air, wc must breathe several Quarts of air each minute so our body cells bn exist, grow, and perform their funciKHlS. vacuum cleaners, and other useful machines. Air in motion forms winds which modify climate, equalize heat ami cold, and distri bute rainfall. Rivers high in the air, such as 'the jet stream, greatly influence weather and are an increasingly important factor ns air planes travel at higher altitudes. The ancient Greeks ranked air with earth, fire *to-- ring) ii.nis,npecrltiionnn--_fc,!rli!tniqnue ooff mmaaiinlltlernn- '* pFor an average lifetime of 70 years, we and water as one of the (our fundamental mice operations--analysis of materials i< pay breathe in excess of a half billion elements. --air analyses. d limes. By contrast, wc consume "three square Since each of us has been hrialliing sev --personal protective equipment (choice V and supervision--engineering criteria) ^ 's" and "six glasses of water" daily. eral limes each minute from our birth, res air requirements which wc obtain vir- piratory protection and devices to aid or --reports to medical personnel, and inan-j^ agcincni (directly or through physician)^ ly without effort are of greater siguifice by any standards than water, food, hit.g, and shelter, which demand mud) supplement breathing might seem unneces sary. If pure air were Indy ubiquitous, and no harmful gases, vapors or dusli existed, tt >jrr 1957 National Safety Congress 000351 Hi Chemical indiulririi breathing- problems would be confined to underwater or to travel in high altitudes. Unfortunately, pure air is a relatively rare commodity, mul is much harder to obtain pure than many chemical dements and com sources and appended to this paper*{hows that respiratory problems have occurred in many diverse activities. Specialized knowl edge and action in advance is essential if such injuries nre to be prevented. wearing self-contained breathing apparatus. A vigorous movement 2s now underway to encourage fire and other rescue services to use adequate respiratory protection more effectively. pounds. Some variations of the air are caused by natural forces (such as moisture from rain or dust from winds on dry earth), while some are due to man (such as combustion products, unburned or incompletely burned fuels, solvents, vapors, dusts, fumes, inert and toxic gases). When these variations are small, we say that the air is "pure," but when the variations, either alone or in com bination, exceed our ability to adapt to them, or our ability to tolerate them, we say the air is "bad." ft is sometimes glamorous or unusual in cidents which produce serious results; fail ure of a pressure system in an airplane at high altitudes .will cause blackouts in sec AIR CONTAMINANTS The conventional classification of air con taminants follows: onds ; above 43,000 feet, even breathing pure oxygen is not adequate-- a pressure suit or a pressurized cabin is essential. On the other hand, no less serious are the problems when commonplace materials, such as a few A. Aerosols (dispersoids) (particulate contaminants)--dusts, fumes and mists. A better classification of aerosols is based on physiological effects: . sausages overheating and burning on a fry A. Nuisance and Inert: produce no known ing pan on a kitchen range produced suffi- It ; Injuries: calcium carbonate, magnesium cient smoke and toxic gases to overcome the || carbonate, gypsum ' occupants; firemen required respiratory pro-It B. Inert pulmonary reactions: produce tective apparatus to effect a rescue of the non-specific pulmonary reactions: sili AIR POLLUTION unconscious victims. cates, carbon, aluminum vfatjkjJaloses (Greek for lung dust,), laodhtom are . si group of lung* conditions which result from the inhalalioiT* of dust. Silicosis is one of (lie most common types of pneumoconiosis, and is caused hy the inhalation of "free" or "iiiicomblned" silica, such as quartz, opal flint and crystohalite. Many other dusts may produce lung involvement such as absestos, talc, the sili cates, carbon, iron and barium. Other dusts cause chemical irritation, such as the adds, alkali substances, fluorides and chromates. Allergic reactions may be caused by common dusts such as pollens, synthetic resins, plastics, felt, fur, gums, spices, to bacco, paper, rubber, wood, starch, flour, and wool The Bureau of Mines groups all the above dusts as "Pneumoconiosis-Producing and Nuisance Dusts." No simple yardstick has yet been devised to left us when air ceases to be "pure," although numerous air pollution studies are underway, and threshold limit values (maxi mum allowable concentrations for industrial exposures) are available as a guide. Wc have just begun to realize that air pollution control may be even more important than Gases and smokes resulting from fires have been studied for years, and excellent reports are available, but it is impossible to predict what gases may be encountered or in what concentrations in a given fire. A ' large number of different flammable chemi cal compositions or chemical combinations that change with heat, such as plastics, fabrits, insulation, refrigerants, solvents, paints, I.1 C. Minimal pulmonary fibrosis-producing barium compounds, tin, iron oxides D. Extensive pulmonary fibrous-producing silica, asbestos i E. Chemical Irritants: produce inflamma tion or ulceration alkaline reactions: acids, fluorides, chromates TOXIC DUSTS Another classification of dusts refers to "Toxic Dusts." Some have a lower thres hold limit or maximum allowable concentra tion than docs lead, although the Bureau of Mines classification uses lead as a reference. Among aerosols more toxic than lend arc: cadmium oxide fume, chromic acid ami ' stream pollution control. When extreme conditions exist, as in London, Meuse, insecticides and building materials, play im- ; : F. Toxic systemic poisons.: produce pathological reactions: lead, manganese, anti chromates, mercury, mercury (organic), yellow phosphorus, picric acid, selenium, Donora or Los Angeles, we know that portant roles in our daily lives. mony, arsenic (not more toxic than tellurium, calcium arsenate. human life is more difficult than other times when smog is not present. On a minor scale, every year a serious VARIETY OF GASES IN FIRES In addition to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water (present in nearly all 1 ' > Pb), arsenates, organic-phosphates, cadmium, radioactive, beryllium (more toxic than lead) \ . Respirators approved for all the above dusts /both toxic and pneumoconiosis-producin; and nuisance dusts) are called "dust" * problem exists from dust or pollen (such fires), one may expect ammonia from burn G. Allergic manifestations; produce aller- respirators. A few substances, such as beryl- as rose fever, hay fever, or ragweed /ever) ing wool, cyanogen from burning silk, ac V gic reactions: pollens. . Hum nnd radioactive substances, are not for allergic persons, and we have found that respirators are frequently considered a rolein from burning fats, sulfur-containing H. Fever-producing reaction: action ungases from burning rubber and leather, and L known or allergen: metal fumes, cer- currently covered by Bureau of Mines schedules. a welcome supplement to medication for the chlorine-containing gases from burning w relief of such conditions. smouldering chlorinated plastics. From piled lain textile dust, (hemp, cotton, jute, "Fumes" include aerosols formed hy the bagasse) \ . .. condensation of vapors from heated mclnU. 1 Most breathing air supply problems can newspapers smouldering in limited oxygen, .. be controlled with adequate ventilation. If 41 per cent of the total gases given off was jA. AEROSOLS > ]. . Melting, cutting, and welding of zinc, lead, '-(?/and other metals produce such air Could be properly treated to remove par found to be carbon monoxide, and 43 pet d-Fo_r_m_erly called dispersoids VoIr (pI4airUticUuJlIaiUte *un>*5` ticulate matter, noxious vapors, and toxic cent was carbon dioxide. ' (contaminants, these are substances present in "Mists" and "Sprays" include liquid drop gases, heated or cooled, and then distributed A pile of newspapers in a large open half |}be air as minute particles (such as dusts), lets formed when liquids are carried into as required, breathing can be reduced to a minor problem insofar as purity of air is concerned. Unfortunately, adequate ventila tion and air treatment is sometimes impos sible or impractical where emergency action must be taken to preserve life and property. Therefore, we must provide man with respiratory protection if we expect him to survive. A glance at (he cate histories of incidents collected at random from many way would give an entirely different conca- tai fumes (such as metal fumes), or as ousts (ration of- carb on monoxide --anjd c_a_rb_oa r(wch as c->lu--omic-acid mists'). 1In group`ing dioxide within the breathing zone than lJx [ibcse together, it is recognized (hat they same pile burning in a small enclosed base-K jay be physically filtered, screened, or ad incut. Determinations ranging from two* sorbed from the air with properly designed per cent to four per cent carbon monoxide [filers. Aerosols may range in size from liave been made using recognized CO de pSO microns to a thousandth of a micron in tectors in the smoke of building fires in iht uiie (1 micron equals 39.37 millionths of an same room in which firemen were engaftd '--S or I x 10-4 centimeter). Many dusts Ftt! extinguishment, by a medical dorter also fire and explosion hazards. the air or are formed by a reaction with the moisture in the air. An interesting ex ample is 0.3 parts per million sulfur dioxide, with sunlight, forms 20,000 particles per c.c. of sulfuric acid mist. The availability of filters with pore sizes from 10 millimicrons (approximately the size of Die polio virus) to five microns (the size of common contaminants in liquids) has greatly improved and speeded up analyses i3 1957 National Safety Congress of aerosols sucli as acid mists, metal fumes, smokes, and radioactivity. In recent years, study and measurements of even smaller particles in air than pre viously observed, known as condensation nuclei, have contributed greatly to our under standing of the nature and number of parti cles in air. The particles in the air on which water will condense are called condensation nuclei; under natural conditions only the larger particles are so effective. When the air is sufficiently super-saturated apparently any particle will serve.as a condensation center. Particles from such diverse substances as platinum, silver, stearic acid, glycerin and lubricating oil will ail form droplets at a sufficiently high supersaturation of water vapor. Practical methods are now available to measure the number of particles in an aerosol in free air. A wider use of the technique already available for size and numbers of an aerosol would not only throw light on some of the problems of air pol lution but would certainly lead to further improvements in our knowledge of aerosols. Respirators for insecticides are tested and listed by the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. B. CASES AND VAPORS In this major.group may be included most of (he air contaminants which arc not classi fied as aerosols. 1. Irritant gases arc those which prndurc inflammation of tissue, such as the skin, the eyes, and the respiratory tract membranes. They are divided into two general groups: a. action is limited to irralion (such as hydrogen clioride) b. action extends to systemic effect (such as oxides ol nitrogen) Some of these gases and vapors have pro nounced odors, but the nose cannot be depended upon as a reliable method of es timating concentrations. 2. Asphyxiants are substances which de prive the body tissues of oxygen, causing hypoxia (oxygen starvation). Two general methods of action arc known: simple asphyxiants (such as nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, and methane), which dilute or re place the oxygen patlial pressure in air ; and chemical asphyxiants (such as carbon mon- 14 000302' ** Chemical Imi.iU'ics oxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, acetonitrile, aromatic nitro and amino com pounds like aniline, nitrobtnrtfW'tnd deriva tives), which combine with the hemoglobin of the blood to prevent oxygen-carbon diox ide exchange, . - pletely separate air supply, supplied by compressor which cannot evolve carbon mon oxide, carbon dioxide, oil mist or other un wanted impurities or from cylinders o. . tested known purity should be used for air line respirators, hoods or suits. In any ' event, regardless ol supply, the system j?w!w`.S,fcrtofc*.r Producing other effects-- ""his classification includes several substances . action difler .from preitioy^ly-nicnified substances. Included in this group are mercury, white phosphorus, tetraethyl lead, nickel carbonyl, arsine, the boron hy drides, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, and the Tlie insidious nature of the action of the should include pressure relief valves, filters widely-publicized military "nerve gases." simple asphyxiants, and the speed with ' and absorbents as recommended. The initial action of these gases and vapors which they can act, is still not widely appre ciated; whereas most people have a healthy respect for the chemical asphyxiants. Under proper medical supervision, pure nitrogen may be breathed for several seconds and this technique has been used clinically by Him- wich and others. However, nitrogen and the other simple asphyxiants give almost no warning between the time breathing air is replaced with the asphyxiant and uncon sciousness overtakes the subject. i 1 2. Anaesthetics are gases and vapors whose action is primarily by inducing the " symptoms of anaesthesia when inhaled in sufficient quantities. These include the sub- y;> stances which come to mind when the word 5 "anaesthetics" is mentioned, such as the , ethers, chloroform, methyl chloroform (1,1,1- f trichloroethanc), trichloroethylene, ethylene oxide and nitrous oxide (laughing gas), as i- well as hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, other halogenated hydrocarbons, the aro is primarily on the nervous system, with respiratory arrest following. CONTAMINANTS COMBINE If the above classifications appear com plicated, it must be remembered that these air contaminants seldom occur alone, and that even less is known about the combined action of two or more substances, especially if they are in different groups, linn of (lie individual substances. Even if particles in PHYSICAL REACTIONS . Q matic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, carbon disulfide. I A loss of mental facilities begins within Bf a few seconds, and unconsciousness may DECOMPOSITION OCCURS and the air arc non-toxic in themselves, they are known to act as carriers of condensable toxic vapors--formaldehyde can have its toxicity increased five times by the presence occur shortly after with no warning. The In addition to the physiological action of of an aerosol. brain is the first organ of the body to be these materials alone and in combination, It is little wonder, then, that respiratory affected seriously by oxygen want, and the decomposition products are produced in a protection can become a highly complicated subject "blacks out" quickly. Mention is fire or when they are otherwise subjected subject, and that the practical application made of this littlc-apprcciatcd phenomenon to heat. Even relatively harmless subslances of respirators, gas masks, and scIC-coufaiiud not only because asphyxiants can be released such as the Frcons and the Ccnctrons, brcalhing apparatus (all with their limita in a room or tank with inadequate warning (widely used as non-flammable refrigerants tions}, even by persons thoroughly trained from the action of a fixed carbon dioxide oi low toxicity, as replacements for am in their use, is not cut-and-dried or fool fire extinguishing system, from a large spill monia, sulfur and ethane), will evolve toxic proof. . of liquid nitrogen, from a leaking gas sys tem, from an inert-gas producer, or from a leaking cylinder, Jnit also because airlinesupplied respirators, hoods and suits are frequently attached to a plant air supply with little appreciation of the hazard. ff: decomposition products if they are healed above their decomposition temperatures. This has occurred where Ffcons and Genetrons were used as cleaning solvents. Metal parts, after cleaning, were heated ` above the sale limits in order to dry and Relatively untrained persons in an emer gency situation, arc in especially vulnerable positions. Many of the case hislorcs at tached to this paper clearly point to the need for more widespread appreciation of the nature of the hazard, as well as of 1 lie For example, at the Acids and Heavy flash o(I the remaining solvent. Several limits of the various respiratory protective Chemicals snb-section meeting, Chemical persons were hospitalized with pulmonary equipment used. section, National Safely Council, October 25, 1956, no company present reported use congestion. Trichloroethylene degreasers, properly installed, maintained and operated, RESPIRATOR/ PROTECTIVE DEVICES of n special air system for respiratory equip ment. If a cross-connection should occur anywhere in the air system which would permit an asphyxiant, toxic, or flammable gas to enter the air used f or breathing, the results can easily and rapidly be fatal. Oxygen, used indiscriminately, may also arc safe, yet the failure or misuse of these vapor degreasers has created serious haz ards including both fires and toxicity. ' Mass hysteria and unconsciousness due to the little-appreciated anaesthetic action of the trichloroethylene has occurred in sec onds; in one incident 72 persons were over A, AIR-PURIPYING RESPIRATORS The fundamental limitations of any air purifying device arc that the air must be within the limits for which the respirator was designed (for example, the oxygen content must be more than 16 per cent) ; the particular unit will utly protect against be a hazard, since serious fires have been come, and in another, 26. Fortunately, all the specific substance or combinations for reported where oxygen, either from a cylin recovered after removal to fresh air and which it was designed, (for example, aero der or an airline, or a leaking hose Or pipe, oxygen inhalation. The hazards of carbon sol [dispersoid} (filter type) respirators will was used for brcalhing purposes in an air tetrachloride mixtures in fire fighting and in give no protection against gases and line respirator or hood where welding or other applications are well documented. vapors); and the canister or filter must be other (lames were involved. Only a com- r IS r 1957 National Safety Congress i 0(50373' ' ChcMual Industries maintained in proper working condition (on a properly maintained facepiece (hat fits snugly enough to exclude leakage); Aerosol (filler type) respirators require frequent changes in filters, when breathing resistance becomes uncomfortable when used reduced where higher concentrations of mer cury from elevated tcmpetaUirts and pres sures are present. (There is no Bureau of Mines approval schedule for mercury res pirators). Combination cartridges have the limitation of a shorter service life when used ft<''* designed for specific substance aloi to keep .the Hopcalite dryland also to only warning that a canister or c ;.;.tirvent excessive breathing-'resistance from is "exhausted" is the detection of - .. developing as the drycPb*ftgies moist. : vapor or gas passing through the canister or cartridge. The shelf-life of the universal canister, once the canister has been attached to ti c where excessive dust or fumes arc involved. with one particular type of hazard than the v Persons who need corrective lenses in facepiece is one year, if stored with the Chemical cartridge respirators will safely equivalent specific sing!c-pur|>osc canister ; order to work properly when wearing the liottom seal in place, even though the mask protect only against the specific vapors and would have for the same hazard. .. ; respiratory protection, especially full face has not been used. If stored with both top gases in non-emergency situations where no more than 0.1 per cent is encountered. Extremely toxic materials, such as acro lein, acrylonitrile, aniline, dimethylaniline, arsine, bromine, carlion disulfide, carbon FACEPIECE TYPES pieces, may find of interest two methods of : incorporating lenses inside a facepiece. One Normally, respirators use a "half-mask" : i. method consists of wire frames which fit facepiece, covering the nose and mouth, around the circumference of the sight lenses, while gas masks use both full-masks and; .. and hold a 50-mm round prescription lens. full facepieces. (Only full facepieces on'; and bottom seals unopened, as received from the manufacturer, the shclf-ltfe is considered by some to be four, and by others, five years. With an respirator or gas mask, the prob monoxide, dimcthylsulfate, hydrogen cyan gas masks arc approved by the Bureau of >.'- PRESCRIPTIONS IN FACEPIECES lem of proper fitting of the facepiece is ide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sclenidc, Mines). Recently, the "self-rescue" or f, A second method consists of a center critical. In addition to the time honored hydrogen sulfide, iodine, methyl bromide, "pocket" respirator, normaNy used with a', .7. post built inside the mask, onto which can technique of holding the hand over the methyl chloride, nickel and iron carbonyl, cartridge containing Hopcalite with a dryer -' be attached 40mm rimless glasses. Such opening in the bottom of the canister while nitrobenzene, nitroglycerine, nitromethane, and designed for escape from mines, has!* arrangements seldom allow perfect aligu- inhaling gently to see that the faccpiccc will oxides of nitrogen, ozone, phosgene, phos been extended into other cartridges. * f ^ment of the prescription lenses to the view- collapse on the face, another technique re phine, phosphorus, trichloride, stibine, sulfur chloride, the boron hydrides and others are too toxic even in low concentrations for re liance to be placed on simple cartridge type respirators. The mouthpiece of this style respirator is held tightly by the front teeth of the wearer, and the breathing is accomplished through the mouth. A nose clamp blocks off the openings of the nostrils, and prevents irri r.' er's eyes, but, with adjustment, a sufficiently t accurate fitting can be achieved for most V.' purposes for reasonably long periods of ! time. . V The type N universal gas mask canister cently suggested by the A.E.C. is to use isoantyl acetate. Since isoamyl acetate (which smells sim ilar to bananas) can he delected in a con centration of as low as one part per mil NOT FOR ODORLESS GASES Chemical cartridge respirators should not be used against gases which arc odorless or whose odor threshold is high, since the only warning of failure of the respirator or of concentrations which are above the ability of the respirator is odor. Methyl chloride is an example of such a gas whose warning properties are too slight for practical pur poses. Substances which arc highly irritat tation of the membranes of the nose. A , is constructed of several layers including neckband permits the respirator to be worn activated carbon (to remove organic vapors), ready for instant use. Twelve different soda lime (to remove acid gases and carbon filter cartridges will fit the basic holder and ; li dioxide), copper sulfate (to protect against mouthpiece. Industrial . canister-type gas masks, ^ with:, I ' .ammonia gas), silica gel and other dryers (to remove moisture both before and after canisters designed for specific substances or. . the Hopcalite), and Hopcalite itself (a mix- combinations, have the same limitations in, Jr lure of metallic oxides which catalyzes the general as chemical cartridge respirators, ` Ek conversion of carlxm monoxide to carbon except they arc effective in concentrations of ^. dioxide), plus a filter for smokes. lion, a small leak will i>c detected ii il:r acetate is placed on cotton and llio toUoii passed slowly around (he edges of the mask without touching cither the wearer's face or the mask. If the wearer can delect the odor, a leak is indicated and the mask should be further adjusted until the odor can no longer be delected. CIVIL DEFENSE. MASKS As part of its chemical warfare defense ing to the eyes, such as sulfur dioxide, re quire eye protection (such as a gaslight goggle, an air-supplied hood, or a full-facc- any specific gas or members of the same', group of gases for which they are designed-, of not more than two per cent in air or a _ I--.. This canister can be used as protection ft against smoke and gases which do not exKceed two per cent by volume total, where program, the Federal Civil Defense Ad ministration is stockpiling a mask desig nated ns CD V-800 organization;!' mask for piece). two per cent total for a mixture of gases, ^adequate amounts of oxygen are present. use by civil defense personnel. The canister Several lacrimatory (tear-producing) sub- for which the canister is designed. 'f j Sixteen per cent oxygen is cited as the on this chin-style mask is the same as used tances, such as benzyl chloride, arc in (lie The ammonia canister is approved for.; L,practical minimum, hut life is not actually in the U. S. Army Assault Mask. T his lisame classification, and a respirator alone three per cent ammonia. For shorter periods' is clearly inadequate. Some substances, such of time, industrial canister-type gas masks p in danger until about 14 per centrof,!less mask is retried to give "excellent pro C oxygen is present. A timer is used lb count tection against CW (Chemical Warfare) as carbon monoxide, cannot be stopped by can be used in higher concentrations, but i.llie number of inhalations, and indicates and I)W (Biological Warfare) agents, as a chemical cartridge (except by the Ilop- the time of service life will be reduced..- 2., about two hours total use. 1 well as against the inhalation of radio calite in the Type N universal gas mask Depending on the size of the canister, and $*' DISPOSE OF CANISTERS logical particles, or CI3K (chemical, bio and in the miner's pocket self-rescuer). Ammonia cartridge respirators will protect against ammonia up to 1,000 p.p.m., while eye irritation from ammonia begins at about 700 p.p.m. Mercury cartridge respirators are effec tive against concentrations of mercury vapor normally encountered at ambient tempera tures. but service life is proporticmalely the service for which it was designed, the,p service time varies. ' Protection for a combination of various; gases, such as acid gases, organic vapors, and ammonia can all be obtained in one^ canister, but the service life of such a', combination is shorter in the combined can-' ister when used with one specific substance, ;i. than is the life of an equivalent canister,. '&' A canister should be discarded at least ly is soon as the timer indicates the pointer -has completed one revolution, if not sooner. /One authority recommends that universal i]y canisters be weighed immediately on re5^'ceipt from the manufacturer, and that they Mj'be discarded as soon as they have gained ^5 grams. This 45 grams limit w-js imposed it represent Ihc limit of iltc dryers logical and radiological)". Designed to be used in conjunction with a detection kit, CD V-810, which will dclcet and distinguish between the nerve gases and the mustard gases, the V-800 mask is r. specific mask for war gases (including nerve gases) and will not protect against carbon monoxide, ammonia and other gases. The Army Chemical Corps rcecully mi- 16 17 1957 National Safety Congress 3HM 000 n 4 ~t Chetttjcal Industries nounccd a new E-I3 mask for troops. It is designed to give the soldier complete protection against the inhalation of war gases, germ warfare agents and airborne radioactive fallout particles, but docs not protect against direct radiation. route. These hose masks can be used .pafcly ; C J is used for head, face ami respiratory p only if the above precautions are observed. -1 P lection. Depending on the particular fab Airline-supplied Bureau of Mines Type C respirators are divided into two classes: ()'y d!. plastic, or composition used in its constr _ pillion, this suit allows work inside tanks, j/F, reaction vessels and other confined space the or continuous (low type intcriniltnut demand and (b) the flow type; demand (a) is 1| 1 raj whiclt still contain a hazardous atmosphere. life-lines and standby r.cs'Ctte squads Were employed, the apparatus generally [satisfactory in tiic hands of.'lsdiil-trained users. The first self-contained breathing appa ratus to be approved by the U. S. Bureau The new mask does not have the pro usually used with a powered compressor or Properly used, together with safeguards to of Mines was of the two-hour rebreathing truding canister used in current masks. This was made possible through develop ment by the Chemical Corps of a new light-weight, pfiabfe gas-aerosol filter ma terial. Pads of this material are enclosed within cavities molded into the rubber face piece of the mask. Lower breathing re sistance, superior vision, better speech trans mission, and greater comfort are claimed. It should be noted that the CD V-800, the existing and the new Army gas masks blower, while (b) is usually used with C Hj, Insure that the wearer's air supply and lifebreathing air supplied from cylinders. The 4 tf.line are always in proper position and work- use of such equipment in atmospheres im- & ';ing order, this suit lias increased safety mediately hazardous to life is not recom-'tf mended since failure of the air supply or * and decreased operating costs in maintenance | work inside tanks containing materials which fouling of the hose would be serious, and ' Tare corrosive or are easily absorbed through further, it is absolutely necessary to have , /the skin such as aromatic amino'and nitro respirable air of unquestioned quality. -j ^compounds. The same limitations noted We have previously noted th^ hazard oR usin,,g a .plant air suprp-lyj f-or air-supplied] breathing equipment. It is recommended? ejabove for air-line K-noted. 'ti'S Regardless of the respirators should be type ''respirator" used, type. The oxygen rebreathing type apparatus is relatively heavy (39# for the two-hour type) and is bulky. Most self-contained (closed circuit) oxygen breathing appara tus In use today require mouth breathing with a nose clip, but a full facepiece has recently been approved. Careful training is required in use and in maintenance of this apparatus. A minimum of 20 hours initial training is recommended by the Bu should be-used for purposes for which they that a separate air system be used exc)u- * IU a definite program of control is necessary to reau of Mines. were designed only. After both World War I and II, several instances were reported sivety for breathing air. Depending on the ' . # insure the device is vised properly, is prop pressure available and the diameter of the *. ? erly maintained, and that it is doing wli.it RESTRICTS MOVEMENT where `'surplus'' Army masks were used for hose, there is a limit to the length of hose j is expected of it. After the Canadian Chalk Dcinaml-lypc air and demand-lype oxygen protection against gases for which they which is practical. .. , River atomic reactor incident, respirators breathing apparatus is available in hall-hour, were not designed, with serious conse quences. It is important tfiat gas masks are not misused. D. AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATORS Since the simplest solution to all respira tory problems is to supply pure air to the I1; > breather, the use of an air supply from some remote source where the air is not Wherever possible, such systems should ; ; were used to prevent inhalation of radioh active contaminants. This program was sue- be piped as close to the outlet as possible, 4 cessful only after a respirator official was so possibility of fouling of (he hose and . culling off the air supply will be minimized. Exit from areas where air-linc respirators. are used must, of course, be the same as the route in. If a compressor or lank sup ply is used, sufficient pressure relief control.1 appointed to control the use and mainte nance ol respirators, regular urine-samples were analyzed to show definitely the degree :'of absorption, and an improved respirator 1 was made available. \ must be available to protect the wearer l {c!< SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING quarter-liotir and 7'/i minute ratings. Only the half-hour demand apparatus is Bureau of Mines approved; the Bureau has n<> approval schedule at picsent for any selfcontained apparatus of less Ilian a half-hour. Although the schedule of work on which the Bureau's half-hour rating is exhaust ing, large men under extreme stress have exhausted a half-hour (40 cu. ft.) cylinder contaminated is both simple and logical. For many applications, air-supplied equip ment has real advantages, but (his equip ment is subject to definite limitations. The simplest type is the Dureau of Mines Type B hose mask, which is a facepiece to which is attached a hose without a blower which must extend to a respirable source of air. This mask depends on the breathing action of the wearer to move the air. For (his reason, a maximum hose length of 75 feet iagainst pressure in excess of that prescribed? S,'' APPARATUS j for the equipment. ' ^Self-contained breathing apparatus supply in significantly less than a half-hour. Differing only in whether it is supplied AIR-INFLATED SUITS $ r complete respiratory protection in any con- With compressed oxygen or compressed air, Jjjetntration ol toxic gases and under any the,apparatus weighs nearly 30 pounds for Air helmets, air hooks, and air-supplied t Coxygen deficient atmosphere. However, cer the half-hour type, with the large cylinder suits have the same general limitations asj tain gases and vn|>or will cause systemic (40 cubic feet) on the back. It is relatively for air-line respirators. An interesting de-^ poisoning hy skin absorption.'. Although a awkward to put on and it restricts action vclopmcnt in this field is the use of air- inflated suits for protection of the whole1 small group, these exceptions are highly in confin >| spaces. With practice, it may important, including hydrogen cyanide, nitro. .be put on and into operation from a mounted body against hazardous materials. ' and amino aromatic compounds, ethyfeiid' ^fcjltkboarU in less than 20 seconds. has been established for the hose mask with In one form, the large impervious plastic, imine, phenols and a few others. These The back position of the cylinder makes out blower. Low pressure blowers, operated either by hand or by power (power blowers do not carry Bureau of Mines approval) are used to supply Bureau of Mines Type A hose masks up to 150 feet. All hoses should originate at the blower. tunnel or pipe allows a man to work in one room while using air from another--! the slight air pressure supplied giving both', breathing air and inflation (or body) tothej, suit. The front of the suit is tailored into?1 a facepiece, and arms with gloves are at*! tached. Mobility is reported good within-' the obvious limits imposed by the length^ gases and vapors require complete skin protection of an impervious type in addi tion to respiratory protection. EARLV REBREATHtNG APPARATUS The early self-contained rebreathing apj'paralus, which was imported from Europe, Ibad serious deficiencies. Loss of life was < it difficult to crawl under equipment. Climb ing in and out of small openings, such as manholes, requires care when wearing this type apparatus. Operation of a motor ve hicle is awkward when wearing a cylinder on the back. (15-mimite and 7^-mimitc demand apparatus use smaller cylinders slung on the side of the wearer, which A respirable source of air must be as `" of the tunnel attached. . /j* taeported by users in this country; 19 acci overcomes this objection to some extent.) sured, and a safety man must be present at the blower at all times. Fouling ol the hose m, cut off the air supply, and the exit route must be the same as the entrance In another form, a complete suit with dents are reported involving 26 facilities built-in arms and legs is for innation and a hood, supplied also air with air. supplied,i/1n between 1911 Jwcnl failure and ami 19-10. due partly to cquippartly to improper use. The purity of (lie air or oxygen with which the cylinder has been charged should always be questioned since other gases inch to 1957 Notional Sofety Congress m 000 ,?r-_ v. O -r CTttmual Industries as nitrogen, acetylene and carbon dioxide and gas mixtures other than air have ac tually been found in "breathing air" cylin ders. Errors in compressed air used for breathing may be rapidly fatal, am! every newly-filled cylinder should be checked to insure it actually contains "breathing air," regardless of the source of supply. Unless the user has his own compressor producing air of an unquestioned purity, no cylinder should be put on a demand breath ing apparatus or ait-supplied respirator, hood or suit until the contents have been checked for purity. The Orsat gas analyzer or the Beckman paramagnetic oxygen ana lyzer are often used in analyzing oxygen percentage while carbon monoxide may he checked with the National Bureau of Stand ards colormctric tester available from two manufacturers. High pressure cylinders may leak, mid frequent inspection is necessary to insure that the air or oxygen is actually available for use in an emergency. High pressure valve, gauge, and demand regulator must he maintained in lop operating condition by inspection and a regular preventative maintenance schedule as recommended by the manufacturer. ATMOSPHERE CUTS SERVICE If demand-type apparatus is worn in environments where pressure above one at mosphere is present (as in caissons or tun nels under higher than atmospheric pres sure), the service' lime is reduced as the pressure increases. This is also true of un derwater use of the regular demand-type apparatus; a special adaption is available for underwater swimming. Ollier peculiar effects have been reported when demand ami closed circuit oxygen breathing apparatus was worn under pressure. . The use of oxygen in atmospheres above two atmospheres absolute pressure should be avoided since oxygen produces a toxic effect under such conditions. For periods up to 12 hours at normal atmosphere pres sures, however, oxygen may be used without apparent ill effects by healthy persons-- persons in questionable physical condition should not wear uny emergency breathing equipment, but should remain away from' contaminated air and underwater. When the supply of air or. oxygen has been depleted, the supply in the demand type 21 apparatus cuts off abruptly, .and *th face-^ 'fen concentrations) with a check for itjjfr &rExercised to avoid cuti from the piece must be removed immediately or', asphyxia can occur. One British half-hour; breathing apparatus has available as op-'tioual equipment an automatic warning( whistle (Bat. No. 64-1105) which will starts to blow when the cylinder pressure falls*-! to 300 pound/squarc inch, to aid in warning! the wearer to return to fresh air at onee.^ fj mable vapors and gases (using one o Ji'.many instruments commercially avail Ji'and a check for whatever toxic gas is qiuspcclcd (for CO, for example, the Na tional Bureau of Standards glass tubes con taining palladium chloride which changes ^cotor with CO). To ignore any one of t.lhesc fundamentals is to run risk of trouble. brn top seal when retnovin^.jt, and the k>cam*tfcr brottdifr--securely^ ifl|oljdaco nCtcr it has been punctured by the sharp point designed into the apparatus for that purpose, The facepicrc should not he donned until the canister is completely seated. A fresh canister should always be used in any emergency. The seal around the facepiece must be" absolutely gas-tight in a toxic atmosphere' since in the demand-type apparatus the face-'* piece is under slight negative pressure' momentarily during the beginning of the), inspiration phase of the cycle. A recent* revision by one manufacturer eliminates? this negative pressure pact\ of the cycle.! Another novel feature of another demandmask (54 cubic feet of air or oxygen di vided between two 26 cubic foot cylinders for balance) is a plug-in attachment car: ried with the mask for administering re suscitation to an overcome person on-the-spot while still in a toxic atmosphere. In the above discussions, no mention has hccu made of the fire and explosion hazard of air which is richer than 21 per cent in oxygen, or of pure oxygen itself. Certainly air should not be replaced wilh oxygen, cither in a breathing apparatus, in a ventila tion technique, or for any other purpose, without full consideration of the increased potential hazards from fire, as the oxygen concentration increases above the 21 per cent oxygen content of air. A flammable vapor-oxygen mixture requires only about one thousandth the energy lo ignite it as docs a corresponding flanmiahlc vapor-aif mixture. ' The resulting fire or explosion is many limes more violent. Failure to appreciate these facts (which have been published and well documented for years) lias cost many lives, For this reason, it is as important lo analyze a suspected atmosphere for oxy-, gen concentration as for flammable vapors and gases, and for toxic gases. By using either the time-honored mine safety lamp as an oxygen indicator, or the more re cently available Beckman paramagnetic oxy gen analyzer, it is possible to obtain fast and sufficiently accurate oxygen analyse for practical purposes. Combine such oxygen analysis (which will reflect inert gases or oxygen deficient itmesplieresi ns well as excessively high wy ' SAFE 45 MINUTES The self-contained oxygen-generating breathing apparatus is approved by the Bureau of Mines, and is rated for 45 min utes. Some of the models produced for the military are not Bureau of Mines ap proved, however. The weight of 14#, car ried on the chest and stomach, gives it a decided advantage both in weight and con venience over the demand-type apparatus, although the chest position creates limita tions in use under sonic conditions. Once opened, a canister will continue to evolve oxygen even when removed from the apparatus and rc-cappcd. To enter a hazardous atmosphere with a used canister is a highly dangerous practice--a fresh canister must he employed to insure safely. In view of the relatively high cost of these canisters, the temptation lo rc-usc canisters is great, hut should be avoided, and canisters promptly disposed of to insure the safely of the next user. DON'T RE-USE CANISTERS The highly exothermic reaction which generates oxygen from the potassium super oxide (K,0) evolves significant heat, which might serve as an niilo-ignilinn source to carbon-disulfide or nickel rarlKiuyl vnpurs under extreme conditions. This tempera ture of the canister surface may reach 250*F, and is equivalent to the hazard pre sented by unshielded Incandescent lamps, hot plates and slcnm 'pipes in such an atmosphere. 1\ The disposal ol the self-cni'laincd oxygen generating minders must he petfotmed ac cording to the inti ncti<>n. ('il. irr.<*. c > " line, or other II .mm d.V , > . 1 ' liquids must be 11 | i ! i *o ........... or an cxpl*-ti.u will < .' 11 water in large quantifies slmiiM l-t ii-i-i t<> destroy a canister. The canisters should be promptly disposed of, rind not be left sitting around where they could contact combustibles. When worn in hot areas, or while work ing hard in the heat, the oxygen generated may occupy a volume wluch require* Mumping" of surplus oxygen lo maintain comfort. The apparatus) requires care in Matting, especially in sub-freezing temperalurcs--for this reason it is considered good practice that both (lie apparatus and the For reasons noted under discussion of demand-type breathing apparatus, 1 lie selfcontained oxygen-generating apparatus 'should iH)t l>c worn under pressures greater than two atmospheres absolute. Smaller Self-Contained Drcnthiuy and Oxygen Inhalation Devices canisters lie stored inside or in a heated U. S. Bureau of Mines approval for srlf- truck cab or automobile, and llial the ajn contained breathing apparatus currently paratiis be thoroughly started above freez makes no provision for apparatus rated for ing temperatures, if possible. , less than 30 minutes. In emergencies where Unless the sub-frccziug starting is thor a smaller, less cumbersome device with a ough, the wcaTer may be aware of insuffi shorter life would give adequate protection, cient oxygen during the first few minutes, by a feeling of `Tiglit headedness" and diffi culty in coordination. If such a condition the only available devices until recently were regular demand masks with smaller cylinders for 20, 15, and 7x/t minutes serv is noted, he should return lo fresh air, ice, using Ihc same facepiece, reducers and deflate ihc hags and rc-slart (he apparatus, regulators as on the larger approved devices. until the breathing rate and the generating Recognizing that many (perhaps most) rale balance before rc-cnlry. breathing emergencies can be brought under In inserting the canister in the canister control in 10 minutes, and that the first holder (canister is stored separately), enre IJOcq of expired air contains relnlivcly |j| 1957 National Safety Congress 00035f> Chemical Industries tie COt, there is now available a light weight device in which oxygen from small cylinders, supplemented by the first lOOcc of the previous exhaled breath, is used for on demand-type apparatus mustr|>e checked frequently for leaks; canisters on industrial or universal service masks or chemical cart ridge respirators must be replaced. breathing at a rale of seven liters per min ute. The device is still too new for exten sive field experience, but represents a novel and new approach to (he weight, bulk and cost of presently approved equipment. Washing the facepiece with an antiseptic solution or soap, rinsing in clear water, and drying will assure that sanitation and clean liness is not neglected. This also prolongs the useful life of the facepieces. Proper Another recent development is a small portable anaesthesia and oxygen breathing device which is designed for use by medical personnel primarily, but which has obvious storage conditions and frequent checking for deterioration are as important with respira tory protective equipment as with fire ex tinguishers, parachutes and life-lines. application as a "self-rescuer" for escaping toxic atmospheres. The device consists of a face piece with pressure limiting valve, an aluminum central body, a soda lime canister in volumes of lOOcc to 5O0cc, (wo aluminum cylinders, each containing three liters of oxygen, and a six liter rubber rebreathing bag. Using the device for escape, it is claimed a young male adult walking three mph can travel safely for 1100 yards using a 200cc soda lime canister, and 1800 yards using a SOOcc canister. Since the complete unit weighs less than two pounds, and the oxy gen cylinders are pocket-size, the device may rightly be called pocket-size, and, in the hands of trained personnel, should be useful for self-rescue oxygen inhalation or resuscitation. TRAINING DEFICIENT Training is the third, and perhaps most important leg of the triangle of respiratory safety. There is serious deficiency in this phase of the respiratory program. Putting on a device for a few minutes once a year is not adequate training. The U. S. Bureau of Mines Health and Safety Activities, through its district and sub-district offices, conducts training courses in first-aid, and also in tfie use of various emergency breath ing apparatus. The course can be modified to meet spe cial needs on request. Addresses of offices which offer these courses may be obtained by contacting the Health and Safety Divi sion of the Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes St., Pittsburgh 13, Pa. This service of the Bureau is available to the mineral and Maintenance, Training and Medical Precautions In discussing' respiratory protection, we have shown the importance of breathing "good" air, briefly reviewed the major air contaminants, and discussed briefly appara tus available. We have stressed the limita tions of each type, rather than the advan` tages, since we believe that limitations were not as widely appreciated as advantages. The ideal breathing apparatus has yet to be developed. We have tried to create the im pression that a thorough knowledge of the particular apparatus used is essential for its safe use under various conditions. allied Industries,* as well as to governmental agencies. The Bureau lias at each of its Health and Safely field offices throughout the country mine-rescue equipment, and wifi make it available to trained personnel in any emergency. ; During training, breathing apparatus should be worn for relatively long period* in dark and confined spaces, climbing hills or stairs, duplicating all manual labor ex pected, and in smokc-fillcd atmospheres by hand-carried lights while performing wotk. Smoke generators are available, which wiH quickly fill a room, a basement, a tunnel or a small building with a smoke that, is real istic, but which is relatively harmless and Maintenance of the apparatus in first-class can be ventilated out without any damage. condition so it is immediately ready for use at any time is likewise iirqrortniit. .Metal parts of apparatus will wear, tarnish or corrode; rubber parts wilt slowly "age." Facepieces will take a "set'' and must be dirarded. Cylinders, regulators and valves The "buddy" system and team drill should be practiced, as in a real emergency. The use of life lines should be a part of this training, and should be a standard part of any underground, lank or smoky operation Signals as used by mine rescue tcan{ on OATH <0=OK=l pull; T, CASE. MISTOOK vance=2 pulls; T-take-up=3 ptill*,-- T-- help=4 pulls) should be employed and The incident Tn qultrtrfthflUook place tti stand-by men, ready to enter the area for Singapore, Malaya, during the early flays rescue, should always be on hand. of the war 1942, just prior to the fall of the Hand-carried sliorl-wave two-way radios city to the Japanese. may also prove useful for communication Our ship was tied alongside the docks, between base and field parly. When used having just completed a mission. The city in atmospheres which may contain flammable was under air attack continually, so that we vapors or gases, any electrical devices should maintained a full scale Battle Watch, ready have a "permissible" rating by the Bureau for any emergency. It was after one of of Mines for the gases or vapors involved. these raids that a strong odor of ammonia was observed on our ship; our blower venti PHySICAL EXAMS LACKING lating system was picking it up. Investiga The need for proper physical examina tions for persons wearing emergency equip ment has not always been appreciated in the past. A regular program of physical check ups with particular attention to die respira tion by out shore patrol informed us that a large cold storage plant had been hit and that the local fire department was altempting to rescue several members who were trapped inside tbe buildings. tory and circulatory system as well as Our fire and rescue section was dis general physical condition probably would patched to the scene at once; wc were liave prevented some cases where inhalation equipped for such work with demand-type of a smoke combined with physical exertion breathing apparatus, with proper protective with or without respiratory protection, has equipment and safety lines. Upon orris nl uc produced serious illness. were briefed as to the plant layout anil the Pulse rates before, during and after ex ercise, general physical condition, moderate weight, good eyesight and proper teeth alinement (where mouthpiece breathing is in volved) are considcredi vital to pre-training by the Bureau of Mines instructors. A practice of not permitting persons to return unprotected to smoke or fumes *fter they possible location of 10 men inside the ImiMiitg with a British type canister mask for protection. We entered the area working in pairs, and during the next 20 minute* removed 10 firemen, who had been well trained by the best of British methods, but unfortunately ill equipped for such violent ci'i-ditions. have been overcome and revived, would When found, all men were unconscious > help prevent more serious inhalation effects. , and upon removal from the building were j Such restraining action may require physi cal force to implement it in practice, since 'a patient who is partially recovered from ,, fume or smoke inhalation may display highly rushed to the hospital, oxygen being admin istered enroute by a fine Australian medical team. Of the 10 men rescued, six died from the effects of ammonia inhalation, four men recovered completely. j irregular behavior. One recommendation U, (that persons sufficiently exposed to-bmokfeM During the entire operation none of our 'and carbon monoxide to require treatment learn experienced any breathing difficidly; 1 should not return to nclivc duty in less than the teaching of damage control, fire and (lour to six hours, while those who have rescue work by Naval standards arc very '{been rendered semiconscious or unconscious good. Their careful selection of reliable 1 (should rest 24 to 48 hours. equipment lias been the result of careful re search and experience. ,01 Properly maintained breathing apparatus, '''Used whh full appreciation of its limita- NITROGEN IN AIR-LINE stkms, by healthy persons, properly and adc|qtately trained, wilt eliminate most "fume" " ililies in die future. However, the ideal hing apparatus for all applications has been developed, and may not be dcvel- until there is sufficient demand for il. RESPIRATOR Employees in an area were required to use air-line respirators as a precaution against inhalation of radioactive particle*. The air line was also used to provide in stfument air. 1957 National Safety Congress 1. Mfc/iaum.r of Breathing (EOF) 612.2-1, Pcnnyslvania State University, Audio Visual Aid* Library, Stale College, Pa. or Encyc. Brit. Films, Inc. 1150 Wil mette Ave., Wilmclte, 111., (16mm sound, II min). \ 2. Oxygen, 16mm sound, 10 min., B&W and color, Coronet Films, Coronet Bldg. Chicago 1, 111. 3. The Air We Breathe, 16mm sound, 26 min., B&W; Mine Safety Appliance Co., 5-45 49th Ave., Long Island City, N. Y. or local sates office. 4. 77re City That Disappears (Los Angeles), 16mm sound, color, 30 min., (Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif. 5. A Report ott Smog, 16mm sound, color, 20 min. (same source as 4). 6. Von Bet Your Life, 25 min., I6mm sound B&W, available same source as 3. 7. Use of Oxygen in Aviation, TFl-4595, 22 min., 16mm sound, color, same source 8. aOsxy8g. en, In-Flight Requirements, TF-1-5038A, 25 niin., 16mm sound, color, Air Force Training Films, Eastern Film Exchange, 1356 Film Library Flight (APCS) (MATS), Marietta Air Force Station, Marietta, Pa. 9. Oxygen-In-Flight Equipment, TF 1-5038B, 30 mm., 16mm sound color, same 10. sTohuercPehayssi8o.logy of Anoxia, 30 min., 16mm sound, B&W, same source as 11. 11. The Breath of Life, 10 min., 16mm sound color, H. J. Polk, Oxygen Therapy Dept., Linde Air Prod. Div., U.C.&C., 30 E. 42nd Sf., New York 17, N. Y. 12. Safe and Efficient Oxygen Therapy, 20 min., 16mm sound color, avail, same 13. Nsoiturrocgeeans I1n1h. alation Therapy, 10 min., I6mm silent color, Dr. II. E. Jlmnvich, Galesburg Slate Research Hospital, Galesburg, 111. 14. Solvey Chlorine Emergenty Devices, 16mm silent color, 40 min., Research Dept., Solvcy Process Div., Allied Clicm. & Dye Corp., Solvey, N. Y. or local Solvey 15. sUaslees obfrathncehAoirff-.Chem Suit, 16mm sound, 30 min. color, Cost Reduction Section, Chamber Works, Organic Chemicals Dept., E. I. DuPortf dcNcmonrs & Co., Inc. (Penns Grove, N. J.) avail, both with magnetic sound tract & regular optical 16. sBoruenadthtinragct.Apparatus, Fire Dept. Training Film, 16mm sound JI&W, 30 min., Public Relations sect. Los Angeles Fire Dept., Los Angeles, Calif., also avail. _ 17. aBsreNaathvyofTrLaiifne., F16ilnmnn sound, color, 10 min., Scott Avia.. Corp., I.:mcasler, N. Y. 18. No. 2 Training Film, )6 sound B&W, 20 min., Scott distributors. 19. Damage Control, Oxygen Breathing Apparatus, MN-6931A, 16mm sound, B&W, . 22 min., Navy Train. Film, U. S. Naval Train. Aids Center, E. Coast, 207 W. 20. R24etshcuSet..CNom. pYa.nHies, ,N1.6mY.m sound 30 niin., by Warwick & Tompkin, Public Rela tions section, Los Angeles Fire Dept., Los Angeles, Calif. 21. Nerve Gas Casualties & Their Treatment, I6mm sound color, 30 min., Stale CD OfTices, or thru the Federal CD Admin., Baltic Creek, Mich, on Fed. contribu tions prog, or thru W. B. Jacques, E. R. Squibb & Co., 745-5th Ave., New York, 22. NG.asYO. bstacle Course, TF-14440,'16mm sound, B&W, 19 min., 1943 (Air Force) 23. sTahmee Esoffuercctes aosf 8.Weather on the Travel of Smoke & Gas Clouds, TF-1-466& 16mm sound, B&W, 21 min,, 1949, avail, same as 8. . 000 r u r* - ; Vi C^fikHv/ Indushics "Wi A regular compressor and a stnudb ^ior 10 days from a toxic exposure to pirn- pressor were provided on the air lincjwwOT a week-end. both compressors were out of service, so bottled nitrogen was manifolded into the line by a temporary jumper con gcTrfTfurfies, Aittf was'absendljiim work for about one month. The two other men suf fered no ill effects whatsoever. nection to maintain instrument air pressure. An employee, aware of the circumstances, was told to wear a filter-type mask. By habit, however, he entered the area and was found dead several minutes later due to nitrogen inhalation in the air-line respirator he had worn instead of the filler-type mask. NO RESPIRATORY PROTECTION A chemist was decomposing a reaction mixture containing phosphorous oxychloride in a hood by pouring it over ice onto a four-liter beaker. While his back was turned, the reaction became violent and the mixture overflowed onto the hood floor, A . Breathing air systems, using an approved small amount also spilled onto the laboratory . compressor or tank system, should be closely floor, since lie did not have a catchpan under supervised and used only for breathing. the beaker. Employees whose work takes them out of ' contact (visual or audiable) with others should be closely supervised. Human error ' caused this fatality. , He directed his laboratory assistant to leave the room promptly, but stayed behind to throw some Ice on the spill on the floor and open windows. lie re-cntcrcd the lalxi- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AGAIN Bunker C oil leaks .had sprayed oil over the walls and ceiling of a small boiler room. Fearing the fire hazard which might result from using kerosene on the electrical equip ment, the plant engineer had font men use ratory after 10 minutes, when the fumes had subsided considerably, and cleaned the spilled material off the floor. This required 10 minutes, during winch period he inhaled some of the fumes, chiefly HCl. Ifc did not use any respiratory protection, although it was available. a bucket of car1>on tetrachloride with a long-handled brush. < Uc did not notice any iti effects that day, other thru. eye and throat irritation, bill lie Respirators of the proper type were pro was hospitalized on llie following day for vided and worn, hut due (o a missing part bronchial and pulmonary congestion. He and poor fitting on onp mask, one of the was in the hospital for four flays. men became ill and was hospitalized three weeks with typical carbon tetrachloride poi ** soning symptoms. \ A vertical catalyst hed was being rodded A properly adjusted ; respirator, a less toxic solvent (such ns 1,1,1-triclilorocthaiic), ; and ventilation--any combination of these measures would have prevented this injury. It was also noted that'the injured man occasionally consumed alcoholic beverages-- a contra-indicated action in solvent areas. out to remove solids. Dust and fumes from the solids being discharged at the Ml- in of `i the reactor were sufficient to cause con Thing and discomfort to the operator, although spot ventilation was being used at tin* lop of the column. The operator continued In work out ht< shift, but that night he had an attack of PHOSGENE nausea and voinitting, accompanied by per A chemist sulTcrcd a major injury when phosgene gas containing dissolved MCI es caped from a cylinder too fast for (lie cap- sistent coughing. Following a rccnrirmc of the original attack, he was admitted to a hospital for four days. icily of the hood. The chemist was wearing An air line respirator was readily avail Type N universal canister mask, but he able, although the magnitude of the dust ^noticed that his eyes were irritated when lie hazard was not fully appreciated at the time i look the mask ofT moments later in the fresh * ] h- Two men who worked alongside him were Rearing air-line respirators and did not i tmell phosgene nor notice any eye or throat irritation. The chemist was hospitalized During the operation of a small scale reactor housed in a barricade, it was nec essary to enter lire barricaded area and with draw condensate every half-hour. This re moval consisted of opening st valve al the 000358 1957 National Safety Congress Chanicai Industries ilv: bottom of a condenser to check for and re move any unconverted by-products. In per forming this operation it was necessary to discharge some vapors to insure complete withdrawal of the condensate. The injured had been doing this during his shift without using the air-line respi rator which was prescribed protection equip ment for this operation. In addition to this exposure, he had entered the barricade during the early part of the shift to make minor repairs to a leaky blower. built up enough to activate .a, spr,inkier head, I which transmitted an A. 0. T. alarfn. Since V very little smoke was visible external to the I drying room (which was held at approx. 1 I50*F) the first firemen went in without I any protection. They were quickly over- I come. `I Members of the rescue company followed I closely behind using Type N universal can* I i, ister masks. These functioned well on the I sixth floor outside the drying room, but in- I side, one of these five men was overcome. I ; The other four heeded the warning sign I A lew mimtics cx{surc to fresh air the "overcome" electrician stood up walked to the dispensary. Exaininalior vealed him to be coherent nnd no signs of narcosis, lie rested for about half an Hour ami returned to his Job--by this time the job in the pit was completed. A few pertinent facts arc in order: sol vent was not spilled on the floor of the pit, the "overcome" clcctricinn had returned to work that morning after being off for sev eral days due to a bronchial inflammation, and the other electrician never demonstrated Ills helper returned a few minutes 1i>t, shouted for help, then went into the lank to aid the first man who 'waA-unconsciuti.*. Before help arrived, the helper was also overcome, bid hollr men were promptly re moved to fresh air. The helper was suc cessfully revived, but the mechanic ccudd not be brought back to life. Failure to follow established tank-entry procedures was the reason given lor this fatality. INERT GAS The injured worked for several days with of "ovcrbrcatliing" and retreated to fresh I ` or mentioned any ill effects, Two men entered a kettle to repair an no apparent ill effects. While at home he air before being overcome. These same men I t agitator, which is normally a two day job. developed a fever and shortness of breath returned to the room after donning self* I INERT GAS IN TANK CAR On the first day nothing iinnsnal ln/>|*em/l. which was subsequently diagnosed as acute contained breathing apparatus. In all, 30 I : A tank cleaner entered a tank car (which On the second day the men went ittlci the i :> ) i i`i , 'I {\r i.-' *> ' bronchial asthma. He was home for three days. In this case, the injured failed to obey written and verba! instructions to wear an air-line respirator, and the injured's shift leader failed to enforce this rule. Since then, all operators in this group have been reinst/ucted in the necessity for observing regulations regarding barricade entry, and have been informed that repeated violation of safety regulations may constitute grounds for dismissal. 11'rtOAfG TYPE MASK An employee washing out a chlorine tank ear passed out due to insufficient oxygen. A fellow employee put on a Type N uni versal canister gas mask ami entered the car for rescue purposes. He, too, passed out and it was necessary to use self-con tained breathing apparatus to rescue both. Fortunately, both men recovered. . * * men were overcome in this multiple alarm V , had previously contained caustic soda) and kettle, worked for an hour, and came up fire--multiple only because all men from the Id started to wash it down with a hose with for a coffee break. When they re-entered first companies were overcome. All the I firemen recovered. I NO RESPIRATORY PROTECTION I A chemist was preparing to use hydrogen I the bottom outlet open. After failing to reappear in a normal time, investigation re vealed the man lying in tlte bottom of (he car. Upon removal'and attempts at resus citation, it was determined that he had died kettle, they began to feel weak. They were actually too weak to climb out of the man hole after 15 minutes, blit finally crawled but. They came to as they stepped out into the air. sulfide for a determination and when the | as a result of weak' alkali solution having After investigation, it was discovered that valve was opened, a fcalc developed because I been taken into the respiratory tract one of the men had opened an inert pa* a washer did not seat properly. I Before the employee could close the valve, I the hydrogen sulfide was ignited by the I flame from a buuscu burner located in the | same hood, fn an attempt to close valve, I the employee re-entered the room, without I wearing protective equipment, was overcome. I and struck lu's head on the edge of a I This is strong evidence that the inert gas used to unload the car was a byproihict of chemical operations, low in oxygen and could have contained, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen nnd other constituents. Upon checking the air [oxygen and 2000 pjwn of reducing gases whicji would commonly be reported as carbon monoxide. line instead of an air line. Close to tin: op of the kettle was a section for a h,te line to be piped to outside the building. The hose was only half-way down into the kettle. The inert gas was heavier than air, when they bctil over to pick up tool*. lh:y would get inert gas until they eventually were made ill. ** bench as he fell In the floor. lie was res- | , ctied by another employee who was wearing I a demand self-contained breathing appara-| tns. lie was hospitalized for three months I and as ft result of this incident lost his I' Inasmuch as the official coroner's report stated that the man fell, to the bottom of the ear apparently due to heat exhaustion, there, was uo significant publicity concerning this incident. Corrective measures have been An engineer went down to inspect a kettle. lie ttegan to feel sick and came our. Upon investigation Inter they found the kettle had been "blown-oiit" with cnert gas sense of smell. I taken to avoid any recurrence. and did not follow through by removing the ANOTHER SOLVENT INCIDENT [> TANK JOB CLAIMS LIFE gas with proper air ventilation. (The engi neer recovered immediately upon leaving id' ' Fire was Joealed in a drying-storage room of steel construction, measuring 8 feet x 50 feet x 30 feet closed by an abscstos curtain at one end. There was no possibility .of ventilating. The room was located on the sixth floor of a factory and contained a large quantity of "wood flour" (pulverized saw dust), used in casting ornaments, con tained in 100# bags. Fire was started by Two electricians, journeyman and appren-1 - A maintenance mechanic lost his life, and ticc, were working in a concrete pit--I. his assistant narrowly escaped in tank inci four by six foot (op opening and standoff- dent. ( on the bottom, the ground level was in the I v Repair work had been scheduled inside the proximity of their eyes, nose and mcwAl?. tank to begin after hutch, and (wo men as Repair of the small motor involved using i|?;` signed to the job. The mechanic decided to solvent an inhibited grade of MJ-tricMow-I look over the job about 11 .-dO a.m. and went thane. Approximately JO minutes after I, into the tank after sending his helper for the kettle) ** A man went into a non-enamclcd kettle. The complete kettle was blanked off with exception of entrance. The kettle had been "blown-out" with inert gas. Me was over come. U war. necessary to resuscitate the man quite a while before he recovered. an electric motor iti the rear-most portion ot the room. .. - The fire had smoldered for some time and this room was heavily loaded with smoke, and obviously a high CO and CO* content. Alarm was sounded when (lie heat finally tcring the pit, the one electrician appeardl,' certain supplies. The inert gas (which con to be swaying, somewhat in a stupor wfl.' tained essentially nitrogen with Small per somewhat incoherent. A combination of I centages of CO and CO,) supply lo the lifting and pushing forced (he man out efl *' tank had not been shut off, since the me the ptt. The other electrician used the M-li' chanic had not informed anyone of his tier in leaving the pit. |f wiry. The mechanic was qtitckly overcome. ILLUMINATING GAS IN TRENCH Two men were working in a scries of three by seven by seven foot trenches dug along a 75-foot length ol a street. While tapping a high pressure illuminating gas main to install a juniper line into a low 27 . 'iV J 1/ u !) Chemical Industries J957 National Safety Congress pressur* main, a drill slipped and opened a valve in the tapping machine. Gas was re leased into the trench. One man immediately left the trench, hnt observed staggering and shouting,, outside. He was wearing a dust respirator. Both men were given oxygen and sent to the dispensary. Each of the men had a pale while complexion with a bright red over bearing liquor on the floor, drained into a sump near the leach and was then pumped into a reserve tank. Later, pipes from a reserve sulfide holding tank were disconnected, allowing the contents to drain on the floor. the pit, his airline caught on the bottom of (he handrail and impeded his exit. This caused him to panic and he took off his mask. The foreman and the s"atcly attendant running to his assistance, pulled him to safety as he collapsed. His workmate con the other was overcome. A laborer standing on the bank observed this, and immediately descended into the trench. He tied a rope around the waist of the unconscious man before he, loo, was overcome. Meanwhile the foreman of the job put on an air-line respirator and went into the trench to close tone. 'r An examination of the compressor after the incident showed a crack along the base of the compressor housing. This was caused by liquid methyl chloride in the compressor. The tank had been full for three days and had been frosted over, indicating the The sulfide, during clean-up was washed into the sump and (hen pumped into the same reserved holding tank. An immediate reaction generated large quantities of H*S, filling (he area surrounding the tank. Una ware of (his, three employees entered the area. tinued to work In the pit without any trouble. After being given artificial respiration and an injection of commute, the pipe-fitter was removed to hospital where he recovered. The apparatus which he had been wearing was subsequently found to Itc in good order, the valve. By the lime the two unconscious men were brought to the surface by the preTsheenceinocifdeliqnut idw. as caused by attempting The first employee collapsed just as he but It was unwise to compel him to work passed the tank. The remaining two men under circumstances of which he was obvi foreman, one was sufficiently ill that inhala- to transfer through the full tank. walked a few feet further: one collapsed ously afraid. tors could not revive the laborer even after a halt-hour of resuscitation. The other un conscious man was revived The final score: three men treated at hospital for gas Inhalation white one man was dead on arrival. MASK IMPROPERLY ADJUSTED A near fatality occurred when an oper ator went to tighten a chlorine line in the OXYGEN WASN'T THEREI During degreasing operations involving the uni-tsseca--ooppff e--FFarrreseoonthn-1a-1itu3oo[!n(tn,Teerrriiofomlpupeuoerrjraioautttoior,ir.rcvhf.fle.eo.--lrllo~eiin-nihttooantethh)ee, tank while attempting to disengage the bas ket. The other operator, without calling for help, immediately entered the tank to go to his assistance. Both men lost their lives due to suffocation in the oxygen-defi and the other reached a window and called for help. Other members arrived and gave artificial respiration white the ambulance was summoned. On arrival at the hospital, the first employee was pronounced dead. Processing plants, and laboratories in (he program contain the elements to produce not only gases like HiS but disastrous fires and explosions ns well. These can occur from an uncontrolled chemical process reaction AMMONIA One afternoon, while the engine-room foreman of an ice-cream factory was stand ing near an oil separating unit, there was a report and ammonia liquid and gas issued from the sump. It was later found that the rubber seal between the sighting glass hous ing and the sump had "blown." The engine room was immediately evacuated, the foteman taking with him a canister respirator Waste Treatment Plant aud the line disin tegrated, thus exposing him to a full blast of chlorine. He had his face mask on, but due to maladjustment, he was hospitalized cieInnt afitrmeossapfheetyre, .we have long hammered at the point of calling assistance before tack ling any fire alone. The same point should be reiterated again and again in training for twenty-four hours. personnel where the hazards oi suffocation NARROW ESCAPE or entrapment exist. In many large chemi A plant protection officer entered mnn- cal plants, personnel are often widely spaced hole to inspect water valves, collapsed after and telephones arc not always readily avail- - about three minutes, was itncoiiscious for able at all loralions. In practically all plants, 1 three and one-half hours, revived by artifi however, a fire alarm box is located quite cial respiration. If there bad not Itccu conveniently lo alt operating stations. Pull-, another officer watching and a truck with ing the fire alarm !>< summons Irnhicd a rope on it nearby, this would likely have assistance and supervision in a matter oi been a fatality. A six inch artificial gas seconds. Where feasible, employees should main 30 feet away bad broken and Ihe gas fie trained to nsc the fire alarm box instinc ' bad seeped into the hold. Mo respirator tively to summon assistance before attempt was worn. ' METHYL CHLORIDE A leak developed in the methyl chloride ingInonan(yheciarsoewwn.here hazard evaluation dis closes tlic possibility of suffocation or en trapment, personnel shouhl be thoroughly compressor which was being used to transfer trained to overcome the instinctive reaction methyl chloride from the drier through a tank to storage. The leak was first dis covered by a foreman who had heard the compressor pounding and who entered the area to investigate. Two men inhaled excessive quantities of to go immediately to the victim's assistance and to summon help first by the fastest available means. HYDROGEN SULFIDE! One man suffocated and two escaped or, as in this case, from improper mixture of two chemicals, Infrequently, storage of incompatible chemicals can be separated physically for safety,: which was done here afterward. More reliably, however, the em ployees should be instructed fully in the adverse effects of ^hemical combinations possible in the operation. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS . A pipe-filter, aged \ 26, was gassed by aliphatic hydrocarbon j fumes in a ptt 20 feet by 111 (cct by 6 (get deep In an oil re-, finery while he and another man Were In serting a blank in a pipeline which had been shut off. Both men were wearing breathing apparatus supplies with air from a h*lfdpump, a Y piece being used lo supply, the .two sets of apparatus from a single pump. While working in the pit, the pipe fitter, who was apprehensive and difficult to reas sure, was seen to remove Ins mask. The safety attendant, who, with (he foreman, was watching from ground level, replaced the mask and assured him that it was work ing properly. When the joint was opened, some liquid escaped owing to residual pres sure, and the pipefitter endeavored to come from a rack. The fire brigade was called and warning given lo all employees in the factory. As the concentration of gas was too high for the canister respirator, the foreman was unable to re-enter the engine room lo reach the ammonia isolating valve. The gas spread rapidly through the factory area and many of the 100 employees, most of (hem women, were affected. There was some degree of panic and some women were rescued from the canteen by firemen. Sixteen women employees and two firemen were admitted to hospital but only tin* c persons were detained overnight. Seven of the women were sufficiently affected to require notification. Occupants of houses within a radius of SO yard* of the factory were also affected. The firm had already been advised to provide self-contained breathing apparatus amt they were again advised to keep apparatus of this kind out side the engine room as well as the canister respirators. TWO FATAL ACCIDENTS WITH BENZENE VAPOR In one accident a laltorcr, aged 23. was methyl chloride. An operator entered the death when exposed to IIjS. , away, but was persuaded to return. area with a filter type respirator, hut left when he delected methyl chloride Ihrongh This accident was caused when a precipi tation tank overflowed and spilled acid (. Later, when he again attempted to leave fatally gassed and an ambulance room atten dant and a fireman were also gassed while rrnirator. Shortly afterward he was 20 ) 1957 Notional Safety Congress 0003 CO attempting to rescue him. The foreman had given instructions (or four of a scries of 16 benzol tanks to be cleaned after they had been steamed out, tested and declared free from gas. While the laborer with his workmate was preparing to start work on a tank which had been steamed out, he en quired about another tank which had not been steamed and was told they were not instructed to clean that tank. When the workmate returned after fetch ing a respirator and a lifeline he saw that a effected and he issued a permit-to-work certificate accordingly. Without being in structed to do so, a laborer climbed up a ladder to the top of the furnace. He was not wearing breathing apparatus and, being overcome by escaping gas, he fell to the ground about 10 feet below. After recovering consciousness he was able to walk to the ambulance room. FOUR CASES OF CHLORINE POISONING . eve..r., t.h...e..r.e. was ms nnoort ssuufmficciiecnntt vvccnnttiillfalttfjf^if^fti&jft^^an. operator to get .out of tbifltonlImndnutnsatrticeds eprmevTMen.t *thi.e....w...o..r.k..e..r...f.r..o..m.....i.n...h..a..l.ing fumes t0o area. ThU tl^hvi,led ca. make him sick to his stomach. The proper area. This latter inchlcntljr provided came type Canister Respirator was available on for an additional problem and usually ended the lower floor but the person was not m a lost time injury. Many times the in .familiar with its use. dividual would go outside for fresh air NO RESPIRATORY PROTECTION dwwcvoheeu]rlodepiicntagwtciahnstoctooold cold and for his would ^ccoomndeitinoena, r li"teo l Severalspecific instances are known where deDvewlofepignglhin(.tofipmnetumt],oisniap. articular proces: }; *hwM have worn protective equip- W3r\i w* d* cvtlo* ped, operators got used l< "*?*"* d,d a,'hoUe\,( was |he chlorine iypc ^or. At this same time J.and the specific personnel were familiar ,,,e self-contained breathing apparatus wa: ladder and hose pipe had been lowered info In four cases in which only slight expo t with use. For the most part these instances no( (hc hr itcm it is today. A chcmica the unsteamed tank and that the laborer had unaccountably entered without a lifeline or respirator. After shouting for help he at tempted to enter the tank, at the bottom of . which there was about 12 inches of liquid, but was forced to come out because of the fumes. During the rescue operations a fireman, who in his hurry entered the tank without a mask, was gassed, as was the ambulance room attendant who had donned a fresh-air mask and a lifeline but dislodged his face mask while in the tanks and lost conscious ness. The laborer was given artificial respi ration and oxygen but failed to recover. The other fatal case was a benzol house attendant aged 47, who was found lying prone and unconscious on the floor, which was saturated with benzol. He was im mediately dragged into the open air and artificial respiration was started at once, this being continued with (he aid of a rocking sure to chorine gas occurred, the effects were stated to have been aggravated by the existence of a previous chest condition. One of these cases was a plant operator who inhaled a whiff of chlorine when adding hydrochloric acid to a reaction vessel under negative pressure, after having put in a slurry of sodium chlorite. The doctor who treated him in hospital considered (hat the involved professional grade personnel of the "difficult personality" category engaged in ^ Research and Development. Injuries were v in all of these cases from volatile vesicants, and though injuries were serious enough to have resulted in lost time, there was, in fact, no lost time. ! In one instance the employee was con cartr.id.t.?erVr|.*u,..,,*snui*i -i-i--i-s---loony. A chemical cartridge respirator was what they gener ally carried draped about their neck. Prob ably many times the trouble was located and the mask removed after the contami nated area was under control without the operators' having an exposure. A number of times though, the capacity inhalation of a small amount of chlorine had "triggered off .< vinced to use recommended safety proce dures by a combination of greatly increased of the cartridge was unknowingly depleted by prior uses. Then again, the general con man subject to asthma. A process operator, aged .12, whose exposure* to chlorine from a leak imn a plant for supervisory pressure and alarmist industrial hygiene propaganda. In another instance such stresses produced no apparent effect. tamination would instill in the operator the idea that his mask was O.K. when ii I' lllv wasn't. Tfic operator w'-uhl dnt pel. n-r the chlitlonrninia(tiinonn rotff dimethylacetal iwvnacs cslliigchlitt, suffe*rrpeAd frmom cough, breathlessness and pain in tmhe chnesti. *TmTh1ae* . chnesti Aphultvyesiicniia^hn, wwwhfhifooi fnotuftntrdf a9 le*csiiAon iIn ltlhi#e left iutnpnp^er ZzOoTn1Ce 3afnld RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS We have had people injured while they were wearing respiratory equipment and also we have them injured by not wearing hi^ trip l>cv""d limns m <1 h * To sum up thin :ni /<' > a. would nut <' .! m i his mask because he "as g.nri.d!*. kept him under observation at rest at home ' them even though they wereAvailable. Some conditioned to the contaminant. to assess thne activity oif tchue t(uiberrccuullosis lesioAMn, thought ltUhe* IiInIffeaac!ti!oaan <w1IaAsmi Aa /ftaAcfAtoTr . of the latter ate the "Smoke Eater" type ; who think they can get along without the greater mthan cjhnlorminec exposure in this cast t stand-by equipment, ` A night watchman, aged 5B, said to haavwe b. would not know the remaining rapa city of the mask. C. would realize that the mask was not stretcher, oxygen also being given. Despite had a previous chest condition, suffered | ' A basic problem with any respiratory working hut would remain in the this treatment, he was found to be dead on from a sensation oif cnhooKkitng, cough and protective equipment is knowing the limita- arrival in hospital. respirator-yti lt,ioglh,ltnneess Ffonltllormwjiinncgr ia slight leaf dons of a particular device.' Actually, the area thinking he could get by or ' hold his breath a moment longer in When the distillation temperature had of chlorine from a control valve. , popularity of the self-contained breathing I apparatus can be attributed to the fact that order to complete the job. 1 been reached it was the attendant's duty to reduce the steam sufficiently to allow distil lation to proceed in the normal manner. If this was not done, the crude motor spirit would boil rapidly and would eventually overflow on to the floor. After the accident, The fourth case in this group was a filler, aged 57, who, with other men was clcatiinf t its limitations arc _ those that depend far less than on chemicals any of for air an air-cooler plant from which some watfl containing four p.pm. of chlorine was leak ing. The other men were unaffecled by Ik purification. In addition, the operator does Vital have to be concerned in knowing whether there is sufficient oxygen in the air. ' small amount of chlorine, but the fitter, The second part of the problem refers to the people (hat do not use the equipment that is available. These are the "Smoke Eaters" or the ones that think they can -chance it. F.vcn today with (he self-con tained breathing apparatus available, tins the plant was found to be in order, and it was assumed that the accident was due to the use of too much steam. CARBON disulphide Following the discovery of a leak at a who was stated to be a heavy smoker, wftid 5 In one particular process we were con caused him unconscious and cough. to cough continuously, became and suffered from hebrymatiaj fronted with a 'jf reactants were ^ atmosphere. In number of stages in which more or less open to the spile of a number of spot fj ventilators there was a prevalence of IMPROPER VENTILATION ,1 noxious odors, most free chlorine. practice continue*. I witnessed an entry to a contaminated area (FU log). This particular entry was made for no good reason at all. Two men were putting their self-contained breathing apparatus on and tin's fellow decided to go in with a rotary valve on an electric arc furnace used for the preparation of carbon bisulphide, (he manager decided Hint breathing nppara- A laboratory technician was cleaning i Chlorine is considered here for its inti vessel nitric with acids. aTmheixtwuroerkowf ahsydbreoicnhglodroicneid*]ls'Hsiunnce and for its noxious toxicity. characteristics rather Even small amounts handkerchief over fils nose. It turned nut (lint (he men wearing self-contained breath ing apparatus made the necessary emergency ins was necessary while repairs were being n link in front of an open window. Her ' have a definite odor am) they usually cause shutdown, ventilators soon decontaminated the area, ami normal entry could Ire made. 31 1957 National Safety Congress 0003(51 '7 "if ,i . *I 4,' SOAP DUST Our operation is essentially a soap manu facturing plant and the air in our factory is frequently contaminated with soap dust from detergents and dust arising from fine woodflour and ctmmtc.il. Wc i.c.ctrc our em ployees a dust mask (not Bureau of Mines ap proved).The filter element consists of a honey comb construction of whipped foam latex. This device does a modest job of filtering; however, we have never been completely/ satisfied. Despite the fact that we hare issued masks to all personnel about half of our personnel prefer to use an ordinary handkerchief wrapped about their face, which appears to do a satisfactory job without the unpleasantness of the duit; mask.^ OUTUNE TOR SELECTING RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES HAZARD Oiyicn d'ttclency I____ S'tl contained breilhinf ppirtlut Hose mtik with blower Immediately danre'ous to lila Self-tonlained Hose mash bieathint with appiratui blovar Toilc (ntimlntnl Gaseous Gaseous and paniculate Gas mash NOT Immadialeii danferout to life -------I------ Air.line Host mask mpltalei without blower Chemical tailtidt* respirator Ousl. mist, or luma respirator Particulalo Air line respirator ------1 AbflSitt blastinf respirator tmmedieUtj danffous to tit* Sell contained Hose mask Gat mask brealhlnf with with apparatus blower special fitter NOT immediately danferout to lit* ----- \---- 1- . V' Air tine Hot. mask Chemkal . respirator without cailiidft blower with ipetlal tithr, `'Reprinted (torn Rureau ol Mines Information Circular LABORATORY AND Pbl PLANT SAFETY (A Symposium) /LABORATORY BARRICADING OF HIGH PRESSURE AND EXTRA HAZARDOUS REACTIONS by GODFREY J. MOLL chemical engineer, CIBA Pharmaceutical Products, Inc,, Summit, N, J. Safety engineers are often called on to itdate or approve plans for laboratories which high pressure or extra hazardous ions will be safely operated. In these ns the protective shield or barricade is Vonly fixed piece of safely equipment will remain operable 100 per cent of '"`e'titne. Equipment, instrumentation, and [tty devices are all apt to fail at any time rdless of maintenance and inspection, judgement of the best-trained operating personnel need only be wrong once. The Jarricade may be considered as the primary jbfcly device. j| High pressure ami extra hazardous re projects are being carried out in jMarricaded laboratories in many tmiver- ts and at some industrial research centers the United States. Workers at these initions will point with pride at their perkt Safety record, but tomorrow might yield ' first and last accident. The manage- of CIBA Pharmaceutical Products Inc. ^Summit, N. J., has recognized the risk ' Ved in not barricading high pressure lions. j,0nr high pressure laboratory was'oon* 'ed in a built-up area presenting'tHe m of not only protecting the operating'. ncl but also (lie personnel of adjacent igs from the effects of missiles and waves. A suitable barricade was conled of 16-inch reinforced concrete with Wector wall of similar construction eight ~4` from the frangible wall. Further pro- was provided by hanging one-half wire rope blast mats between the buildand the reflector wall, which would on the ballistic pendulum theory in missiles and dissipating* shock This is but one approach to the ilka of barricading. t The question often arises as to what should be considered hazardous enough to warrant the expense of barricading. Sonic authors feci that when equipment is in stalled to handle inflammable materials aI pressures greater than 500 pci the use of some form of barricade should be consid ered. When research at high gas pressures or work on known explosives is conducted the protection of personnel and other (.ndilics with an adequate barricade must he considered. In small-scale How experiments where th* amount of material in process is small, it i common to use pressures as high as several thousand |>ottiids without special barricades. Once it has been decided to build a barri cade there arc still many questions to be answered. Tbc two most important as far as the barricade is concerned arc the mate rials of construction and their thickness. MUST KNOW MISSILE If we knew the velocity, weight and shape of the missile and the maximum force expected from an explosion, wc could de sign a barricade using a minimum wait thickness. Barricades must be designed lo prevent penetration by large missiles at low velocity, such as reactor heads, arid aim small missiles at high velocity, such ns tub ing, nuts or oilier small fittings. Penetra tion is dc|>ciidciH upon the velocity of (he missile at impact, the physical properties of the missile, and the characteristic of the materia] used to construct the barrier. Tire speed of sound has been suggested as a velocity, as most objects when prnpdj'd through air decrease itr velocity lo the speed of sound. If missiles of higher velocity arc expected, the modified Pc!ry equation for penetration cart still he used to calculate a ,i.i 32 1957 National Safety Congress SOUGHT FRINGE BENEFITS Aflcr this llic regaining and flic heltcrmcnt of working conditions hcraiWe a focal (simt for activity. U|>on being partially or totally successful llic demands of labor turned to the so-called fringe items. Re cently. the fight to stay ahead of the rising cost-of-living has demanded the attention of the worker and his trade union. We have passed over rather hurriedly life general bargaining history of the ln!w>r movement since its rebirth in the early 30's and of course a number of items which have been important have not been men tioned. During this time most unions had little lime or energy to devote to protecting the safety of the members. In all fairness, however, there have lc some.outstanding jobs done by the unions in some industries ami in some segments of industry. The best job by the unions has been done, as far as safety was concerned, in those industries deplorable with safely records. This was arromplished principally because safely was foremost in the mind of the worker, lie saw his fellow worker injured awl killed and as far as he was concerned protection of life and limb look precedence over other demands. UNIONS WROTE SAFETT COOES A number of unions have devoted a great deal of time and effort in formulating and promoting safety codes to reduce fa talities and lost-time injuries. Safety codes are extremely important and worthwhile, however, without proper policing the ex pedient employer and employee can enjoy a field day. Each elTort, pnt forth by the union, regardless of size, is important in the over all effect of preventing injuries to the wageearner. Each International Union has an obliga tion to make known to its affiliated localunion that the union has an obligation to represent its membership in the field of safely whenever it can effectively do so. The InternationaT Union has a responsibility of encouraging local unions to affiliate with the National Safely Council In promote a united front for lnlor in the field of safety, irrcsi>ective of International nllitinlion. International Unions should encourage local unions to participate in plant, com- mintiiy and stale si*unxorcd safely programs, bach International Union' fthMld establish a department bended by a competent director to assist in promoting safety within its local unions. International Unions with training departments or educational depart ments should add to their curriculum a course to prepare the plant union safety committeeman to do his job. USE PUBLICATION MEDIA Publications such as newspapers, journals, magazines and bulletins can most effectively be used in promoting safety in the mind of llic membership. Usually these organs find their way into the home of the member, where not only lie, but others can read them. The' International Unions should enthuse their local unions with a desire to promote adequate industrial compensation laws so that the injured mcmlicr will receive ade quate rare and compensation. Many employers had little time for acci dent prevention as long as the community ami charitable organizations took care of his injured and maimed worker and the dependents of his fatalities. When industrial compensation laws were enacted ami the employers had to assume an additional cost burden, the employer usually became inter ested in his accident frequency. It is true there have been and there arc employers who have been genuinely interested in (lie safely and the welfare of their employees. However, it is regrettable that in (he past there have not been more, because there would he fewer people working at a re duced income Irecause of an injury and there would be fewer widows working to support their families because of a fatality. EMPLOyERS' ATTITUDES CHANGED ficticrally speaking the attitude of em ployers regarding safely has been changed. This rhaitgc has come slowly in some in stances and rather fast in others. Some employers have the altitude that safety is the problem of management and llic carry ing out of safety programs is a sole func tion of management Others have taken a realistic approach ami have fell that a program of accident prevention within a plant must have the support of l*olh labor and management and have created joint labor and management safely programs, m 00038.? 7 .atfof^afely giving laltnr the op|K>r(tmilv to assist hi determining wlml an effective progran should contain. Some of the lop management people in the Pulp and Pajicr Industry of the West Coast have in recent years staled that the most valuable asset this industry lias is the people who work in it. Another industrialist stated that safety was on the same level of i`e^ production, They nrtV tcyJVjM railage .thftr Onions trfvjTraMMhcd a Joint safety progrnrti nmt'*nmiiffwfod of the past 10 years have reduced tire fre quency figure for mills in Washington, Oregon ami California, a lolnl of 45 mills with approximately 20,000 workers, from an average in 19*15 of .18.99 to 6.04 in 1956.A, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONTROL THROUGH ENGINEERING L by FLOYD A. VAN ATTA industrial hygienist. United Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich. The engineering part of the occupational health program is concerned with the con trol of those aspects of the work environ ment which may have an adverse effect iqmii the health of liic workers in the area. The most obvious conditions are those concerned with the tcnqterature, humidity, lighting and ventilation of the place of work. One lends to think of these items ns con cerned with comfort rather than with health but it should he quite obvious lltal if tbe temperature is excessively high, or exces sively low it can l*c rapidly fatal and Ibis is indubitably an effect on health, although not a chronic one. Somewhere lictwccn the normal room temperature ami humidity at which we are comfortable ami efficient, and the tempera ture and humidity at which we die rather abruptly, (here is a limiting value at which men can work, probably not in comfort 1ml without permanent harm. It is part of the business of the industrial hygienist to deter mine this imiiri and to arrange (he working conditions so that the limit is not exceeded. Sometimes the control of heat and hu midity problems is through ventilation and it is always (he first idea, when a man is working oil a hot jolt In turn a fan on him. It always helps some hut on most hot jobs it is only a part, and often only a small part, of the total control which is needed. To rontrol properly the man's thermal en vironment it is necessary to consider ami often to control both the humidity and the trnqieralurr of the air wltirh surrounds him and lli sources of radiation whit h aie wilhiit ighl of his working position. INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS The major interest of the industrial hy gienist in ventilation comes in the control of industrial poisonings. There arc a few eases in which industrial diseases arc con tracted as the result of swallowing some material or as the result of contact of some materials with the intact skin. Hut they most commonly arise from the inhala tion of dusts, vapors, mists, gases r some oilier form of material in the air. The reason for this is clear aflcr a moment's thought. Such materials as the phenolic compounds (carliolic acid, crcsols, resorcinols ami so forth) and the aromatic amines (aniline, lohudines ami so on) are easily ami rapidly absorbed through the skin but the undamaged skin is designed to protect Ihe body from attack and is a complete barrier against the vast majority of materials. Ilecansr (icnple do m>t make it a rustoin to I'M I the things which they handle in imliisliv, industrial diseases caused by ingestion are also nucnnunon, They can ami do mrur. (ample do cat occasionally with (heir bands contaminated with toxic materials and eat as much as is required to produce industrial ji 195/ A'liliumd Safety (.'oiuiress disease. I recall one plant where I he em ployees of a heat-treating department had discovered that llrcy could have nicely loaded sandwiches hy floating them on a piece of sleet on the lead (rot. This is one of the IwUcr methods for developing chronic lead poisoning by ingestion of lead. , .Since this sort of thing is rather untistial, the major problems in the engineering con trol of occupational disease have to do willi preventing various kinds of dusts, vapors, gases, or mists from getting into the air in a place where men can breath them. There are a variety of methods available. SUBSTITUTE MATERIALS It is sometimes possible to subslilulc a less toxic material for the one which is Iteing used and avoid the problem. A rather common example would be the substitution nf a water emulsion paint for a lacquer marie up with solvents. This solves ihc problem of control of solvent vapors with no further effort. It does not necessarily solve the whole control problem since the pigment may also Iw toxic. Occasionally, it may he jwissildc to avoid the hazard by putting it somewhere where people ilo not go in the normal course of work, h should not lie overlooked that iso lated operations almost always require su pervision and maintenance and the |*enplc who do this work must he protected. An ,, isolated operation which is a serious source of air contamination is very apt to become a neighborhood nuisance. A more generally applicable device is the cnrhismc of the process. This is most readily seen in the chemical industry where many processes arc carried out in a com pletely dosed system from the raw material tanks at one end of the packaged product at the other. When thoroughly carried out, enclosure of the process unquestionably pro vides the most complete and most fool-proof protection for the workmen. The type of control which is most com mon is removal of the contaminant, either from the general atmosphere hy ventilation or at the source hy local exhaust ventilation nr by .other means, such as wet operation, which will prevent contamination from being dispersed into the atmosphere. The industrial hygienist will generally consider protective equipment to be pretty far dmvn the line as a primary method for controlling a hazard. It is useful as a prim ary means when the hazard is nf short duration or occurs infrequently. The main use of personal protective equipment is as a second Hue nf defense after the hazard is pretty well controlled hy engineering means. The main problem, in a great many in stances is to recognize the exact nature and extent of the hazard. When this has hern done, 1 lie appropriate means nf control are apt to lie fairly obvious. The fart that (lie particular condition has never been eon- trolled hy a particular procedure which looks correct is not an adequate reason for deciding that it never can hc.^^ SAFETY--A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY by DR. CAMERON P. HALL executive director, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A., New York city l.ike the two hit coin in your |>orket, safety has two sides. One side deals with what we do when safely fails; Ihc other side concerns what we do In promote safely. S|ecifieally, we are to dig In-nealli the pro. gram and melltod, Iwncnlli the device and technique to the moral basis for'why we should do even more than we arc in push 12 ing our safely rcrord higher and higher. At this safeguard-end of the safely problem religion has a place as significant ns at the breakdown-end. A concern for safely mea sures is fed by a lively sensitivity to the welfare of the individual that is at the heart of the religious life of tins nation. Judaism and Christianity are together in affirming 000383 t LqWr Safety this living truth: the individual is of wot Itecaiisc lie is of worth In (lod. What v as a people do in express in practical lcri_ the worth and dignity of the individual is a moral responsibility u|mn each of us as an individual and together in groups. $tp!j(Vsif' safeguards on ibc >|hi luess by a union towaol, nr.jf Iphyet- of, any carclrsSii measures is an imclhiral praclitr union members and other tvorkersfailurc in moral rrsimusilulity. You are intimately involved in all the problems ami interests of organized lalior. SAFETY PROMOTES FREEDOM Safely is one of these, Inil it is not isolated And thirdly, American l;d*nr is out In from your other issues which are also moral front in helping bring the strength of the issues. So Irefore I plunge into the moral United Stales into the free world. A sense responsibility, I want to stress that safely is of moral responsibility for safely is at the part and parcel of other lalror programs heart of what the free world stands for-- which are also shot through with moral (lie worth and dignity of the individual. responsibility. Many tests that we Americans have to mcel I`nr instance, safeguards against unem ployment are an accepted moral rcs|tonsi- bility. We have the Full Employment Act of 1946, which makes I lie avoidance nf un employment a public policy. That a man not lose an op|>nrtiiuily to work is a moral issue; that industry, laltor and the public join in putting a floor beneath Ihc chance to be employed is a moral responsibility. l*cfore world opinion have to do with safely --tests that we arc far from passing with the grade that we can always he proud of. Last fall, we had to excise to the world Ihc hazard lo their safely of nine Negro children in going to an Arkansas school. Thai kind of hazard to safely is a failure in our moral rcs|>oiisil>ilily Inward the worth of a child. When technological advances, such as auto Hut itiru lo another aspect of our tialional mation. are introduced which threaten the life. Our inarch In ever greater abundance, availability nf jobs, counter mcasnrrs are ever g eater productivity, ever giealer tech promoted hy lalmr, and receive a good hear nological prowess is impressive, even breath ing among us. Why? Ilccanse dealing with taking. Hut we should l*c equally concerned threats to unemployment is accepted as a with the pace we are selling in on-lhe-joli, moral rcs|tonsi1rilily in our Amrriruii wav occupational safely. Ami beyond ibis we of life. now stand on ihc Ihicslmld of the nuclear UNEMPLOYMENT---A MORAL ISSUE energy industry, with its reactors and isohqies, its fissionable fuels ami their radio lint whence come major threats to a man willing to work being unable to work? Cyclical, technological, and other causes, to active wastes. The hazards of radiation in this new industry give to moral responsibility for safely a new dimension and urgency. be sure, stand out. Hut men are often--all Let me just mention three characteristics l**o often--out nf a job because they have of the potential harm there is in radiation: l*ccn hurl or maimed or disabled as well as 1. when you are hurt hy ovcr-cx|iosurc, fired because of some overall economic or you do unt know it at the lime and so slarl technical squeeze. Loss ol }nh and income . earing for it; you .learn of it--later; 2. the is due in large part to failure in safeguards ; lifl'rmfn! effects are iml transitory; instead, against accidents. Safety is a moral respon they add up--accumulatively; .1. radiation sibility because assuring (lie o|>|*orlunily for ran reach into the hninnn reproductive sys employment is a moral responsibility. - tem and lienee Might later generations. While Again, ethical practices bv both !alw*r ami management arc recognized as a moral re sponsibility of t*oth. This phrase--"ethical practices"--lias taken nit specific reference to the right of the individual union member these dangers are near the surface in the use of radio-active materials, they ran lie kept under control by vigilcncc. Certainly safeguards against these risks should have lop priority in a safely program. to protection against (be misuse of union When a shanger, say fioni the relatively mid welfare funds, lint eerlainlv be is underdeveloped countries in Asia and Africa, equally entitled In protection from nutter or from Ix-hind the Iron Curtain, should nk cssary accidents--through education ami of ns, "In your impressive rush toward training, on the one hand, ami tlmmgh mounting vnutmuie pinspvtity, and now into 00038-1 19S7 National Safety Congress f.oHoi*', Vr/r/y Tim is sheer gain, htit these laws still form on doing something for the man who has met with an accident, rather linn on driving foil steam into eliminating causes for accident*. When n ship is sinking, then the whole weight of responsibility rests nn manping (lie life boats and getting the pas sengers and crew off the vessel. When an anln has gone hurtling off a llirttway then the weight of moral responsibility is to rnsh medical care. lint neither life boats nor ambulances are the full measure of moral responsibility that rests upon us today when ships still sail the E' ample, that the objective of industrial safety', on unr roads rather than being content with picking up the pieces after the worst has happened. Total security is a goal that is beyond oar reach, hut grml progress can he mndft wild should he the preservation of human life i .aml the protection of human health. We t would further agree that an employer has & a moral responsibility to protect his worker* & against disease, accidents, menial sin's* :md filially got faclniy laws -atpj^inrklijfSrTOmticnsntion--and an ofgauwSiytTmi u make mines, factories and nulls safer places to- w...o..rk. "Hut o*f a"ll the legislation niiued at this objective, vmtkuwn's tmopen men of comiwtenre and good will and deto| ^infections from the conditions of employ* salinn was the key. hor until employevs lion join together to help each other flmenl. were made directly and financially rcs|xm- every way possible to promote safely '-We all profess In agree that human life sible for the results of workers' accidents, sures against accident hazards. The symMjf ftl Pot cheap; that man is not something In they had no cronofuir reason |n prevent of this step is, I suppose, the Nations ibe sacrificed to a machine. And yet, these accidents. The whole pattern and fabric of Safety Congress itself. It stands for mcfll] rcs|tonsibility toward these hazards at best, for our deepest responsibility town the victim of accidents is to see to it Jtthical principles arc not always applied in day to day life nor arc they self-enforcing, tin practical application they come into con flict with individual economic interests, and our industrial safety program throughout the nation rests entirely on how good and how effective our workmen's compensation and our occupational disease laws arc. high seas and cars ride the highways. Our all is done to keep him from becoming^ mus must be enforced either through group moral sense has grown up beyond that level victim. And that is a worthy cause for fiction, or by society as a whole through ECONOMIC REASONS of moral satisfaction. In its modern con of us, wherever we are--in labor and'jf] rpolliitliieeaall action. Oh, of course, you can point to many cept moral responsibility stresses preventing management, in education and in gover the worst from happening on the oceans and merit.-sAl ;Aj a ride, society does not move as fast }'W the need would indicate. We all know, [for example, that the first industrial revolu tion had rim its course for more than 100 LABOR'S STAKE IN SAFETY wjears before society got around to adopting and enforcing rules and regulations of in Industrial safety. For more than 100 years *V Industrial workers were given no legal pro* oilier good economic rationalizations fur in dustrial safety. Yon can say industrial ac cidents add all kinds of direct and indirect costs to production. You can point to the cost of hiring and training a new employee, of equipment damaged in a work accident, of I he lime lost by oilier employees when an accident occurs. by A. J. , lection against the risks and hazards of in- But 1 will throw them all right hack In , . i d' wslrialwedmpthloeyrme,eantl.one indivi,dual employer you and say that these considerations were inletnat.i.onail ptesi j,,,, InternationaNl YA/sAs*ohicniaaltoionn Do.f CM. achinist*; vice pr present long before we had industrial acci `migwhtoarkttienmg pctotnodiptiroonvsidfeordehcieinwt oarnkderbsc. aBlthu-t dent programs--and that it wasn't until ac AFL-CIO, 9 the whole, the story of factory employ* cident prevention was reinforced wtlb work l don't itilcud to stay within the limits of this title because I am certain little new in formation could he said aliout "Labor's Shite in Safety. It is obvious lhal no one could have a greater stake in industrial safety than the men and women who arc the direct victims of industrial accidents. To an employer -- matters of industrial safety, occupational disease, accident pre ventin' nml workmen's emiijK'tisalion--arc all tied up with economic considerations. They are important insofar as they affect-- and can be made to reduce--insurance costs, training costs, and material cosls. lint these arc all money costs--cash costs--costs that arc measured in dollars and cents. To a worker, on the other baud, an in dustrial accid-nl is a matter of something that is even more tangible than money. It is a matter of a man's blood, Imnes ami sinew--of tragedy, suffering and sorrow. And sometimes, in fact, more than 50 times a day--nn every working day--it is a mat ter of life itself to someone, somewhere, in this rountrv. men's compensation and occupational disease ........... , , ,,.1V fi..,, inhor's stake* *,'*"* *" the 19th century--anrj through (lie Vi-e^ * ** touch ii|hhi as|.ccts of the subject that legislation that employers really became safety conscious. ' So it seems that (lie thing that counts not often discussed--aspects that are swiRl don't . . ,, ,' , what controversial. I'erliaps they are w|iWicativc of fhr r,t I discussed because they are coiilrovcrsiil. Limnari |jfe wns Jlc|/r rarr 'C '.C.'.31 * ^,wsw,l,hlia*i<c'rhe lories_._ S.u.affsicehetlod sinayA, mit edriicdannumt isneeesmantod ...... ETHICS IN SAFETY Ptier how many men, women and children re killed or crippled in (he course of a lfefiLr.g*a,tTe!hs* e'rLe, ,w,Ke.t.*r.el,...a.'l.omym-* gm--odrrcivewnaib,iy"*raaw( . i,, . ts eaiuMifi^f'y (0 Pl<ad for a chance to jeopardize here is how good our workmen's compensa tion and occupational disease legislation really, are. And that's a good question t I've spent my whole adult life in the labor movement. As a matter of fuel, I was projected into it by the vuy thing we arc talking about here loday--an industrial accident, f went to'.work at 17 years of age because my father was totally disabled by a work in trial safety. I assure you. ItOWCVcr^M^K.; SOCIETY BROUGHT CHANGES jury--an injury that eventually killed him. am not mjectu'g contrmersy^^^ (J(a| wRr.Tlie point f am getting at, of course, is fn the course of many years of studying sake, bul cent the men . risk of being mj ' wt,0 run the AtMrt change--when it came--was not the .Wised or killed(Result of any regeneration of moral and , *JjAieal conviction on the part of employer*, and dealing with I fie problems of my union --which arc, of course, the problems of lire members of my union, l realized that our their jobs. , . hanw** came rather because society as a whole S3, ethical as well as an COrt' none of us^--whether we !*, revonc. . |,b'ipe American people were finaaltlnye slihcoecakuesdc :.i. coijwihjugli to correct a comlitiou that had pre management -- would d'^gr basic ethical principles m the 'w' fofel.ljaiW--and grown worse--for 100 vcars. t- present system of workmen's compensation and occupational disease legislation is com pletely and wholly inadequate to meet the needs of our complex industrial society. I am not alone in that conclusion. There arc, in fact, many men in the lalior move tcial safely. We would all a*rcc- 101 K- ment loday who feel evert morc strongly *>: _ . . 1957 Aaliotta! Safely Congress 000385 ': U Labpr Safely limit I do--men who are firmly convinced that workmen's compensation lias been a gigantic swindle on llie American worker. This nation has tried to deal with a national problem by having 48 seperalc, con flicting-- and in a sense--competing state . statutes. And there is no doubt but that ' workmen's compensation is one kind of labor legislation that states wse to compete with one another to attract industry. In fact, whenever we go into the stale legislatures to get improvement or expan sion of existing laws, we invariably meet employer counter-arguments to the effect that any further improvement in coverage or benefit structure will shove industry into the waiting and sympathetic arms of states which are more concerned with payrolls-- than with the people on those payrolls. SAFETy INTEREST LACKING Certainly the health and safety of the nation's work force should not be a pawn in any state's bid for new industry. Bui that is just what it is under a system that allows Mississippi or Arkansas or Georgia to compete for industry by offering low workmen's compensation benefits and a mini mum of safety regulation at the plant level. Why should an employer pay $40 a week for a temporary total disability in Illinois-- when he can go to Arkansas and pay $25 * week for the same injury? The situation in workmen's compensation legislation is so bad, in fact, that the Secre tary of Labor, Mr. Mitchell, although speak ing for an administration that normally fol lows a hands-off policy in slate legislation, lias been constrained to speak ott( and to plead with the states to bring (heir laws into line with modern conditions. But because employers can play off one stale against another in' this matter, the re sults have been somewhat negligible. There is no indication that the remedy will ever catch up with the need, until there is broader recognition that industrial accidents are a national problem--one that is truly solvable only on tbe national level. The lack of a strong and equitable work men's rom|iensalion system leads to a cor responding lack of interest in enforcement of safety codes and regulations. In many . states the Bureau of Factory Inspection-- by whatever name it goes under--is little more than a sop to the conscience of the 18 slate legislature. In fact, the inspection serv ice in such states is not only understaffed, but the staff is underpaid, untrained and technically unqualified to do a competent job in a field that needs a high degree of competency. Hut as bad as the situation in workmen's compensation and factory inspection may be, the situation in occupational disease cov erage verges on the criminal. And this is a matter of more than just poor legislation. It is incredible to think that in the second half of the 20lh century 20 slates still either have no coverage or limited coverage of occupational disease. Hut the greater problem is that there is too little understanding of the nature and complexity of occupational disease. The range and source of occupational disease in modern industry is practically limitless. None of the ways by which man makes a living is completely free of some hazard to physical or mental health. The risk of oc cupational disease grows greater every day as industrial processes become more and more dependent upon and saturated with toxic dusts, fumes. v.i|iors, gases, acids and alkalies. Kvcrv day thousands of workers are ex posed to everything from arsenic to mercury poisoning, from benzine eomjioiimls to mag nesium poisoning, from sulphuric acid lo chromium poisoning. Thousands have no physical or legal protection whatsoever against the chemicals and [misons that are slowly killing them. UNAWARE OF RISKS In fact, many arc not even aware of the risk. They will find out when it is loo late. In many stales they will also find out lliat they have no right to compensation under (lie occupational disease law. I wonder how you tell a man who has contracted carlion tetrachloride poisoning, for example, that lie isn't entitled to benefits under the occupa tional disease law Iwcati'c the legislature of liis state hasn't seen fit to recognize that carlmu tetrachloride poisoning is an occupa tional disease? I recently read a statement to tlie effect that "the scope of occupational disease is vast almost licyond calculation" and ``it conics, in fact, unpleasantly close to being the major public health problem of our time." S J L y J U ! - g l W u a l l i J . L I i.U it If that is so--and I for one am incline *>fokeTi down tinder the stress of Jife in a believe it--it is tragic commentary on ifl.fc 'i.cihiplicated, imjiersonal and highly indns- lime--on tbe ethics of a business comm trfcflized society. But wc doa'j ftiow how lliat lias done so little about it. It is even much more stress people caifafcljf; or what more tragic in view of tbe fact that we are effect automation will have on a worker's now entering a new phase in our industrial nervous system. At what point does the development--a phase of such sweeping human mind crack up from sheer loneliness, If; -change that some commentators have re lack of contact with fellow workers, from ferred to it as a new industrial revolution. uninterrupted repetition and brainwashing Think of that--we are entering a new in boredom ? dustrial revolution without ever having fully I am not just tossing questions out at solved the problems that attended tbe old random here. All of the ibings I am talking one. about--from workmen's compensation ami I wonder if it will again take us 100 years occupational disease to radiation and mental lo make even a decent start on the health distress--have a valid relation to industrial and safety problems that will arise out of health and safely--and are proper subjects automation and atomic energy. These proh- of labor interest. ` lems arc not a part of a distant tomorrow but arc already a part of the world today. LOOK FOR DANGERS Now more than 1,500 industrial plants are using atomic materials in one form or another--in 1,500 establishments American workers are already cx|ioscd to the hazards of atomic radiation. , Can we say (he state laws in existence today--indeed ran wc say that any system of slate inspection and compensation -- are adequate to care for the workers who will get leukemia or bone cancer because of exposure to atomic radiation? For safety is a broad term. It is defined as: (I) the stale or condition of being safe; (2) freedom from danger or risk; ami (3) freedom from injury. Safety means ficcdom from any kind of danger, risk or injury When we applv that definition to indu-m.l . n h'" m think in letn* ( lo.Mro l'C'i- * ' We must change our .uum Ir town! rupaliounl diseases--go "til looking for limn instead of trying lo pretend they don't exist, DON'T KNOW PROTECTIONS Personally, 1 feel somewhat discouraged limit the prospects. How can the states protect amt care for victims of industrial radiation when they haven't yet learned lo protect ami care for victims, of occupational diseases that have been prevalent for genera or implying if they tin exist, that they have no relation to industrial causes. I am riot exaggerating when I say that industry has taken a "hcad-in-lhe-sand" at titude iqt lo now. It has tried to cover up occupational diseases rather than lo isolate, prevent ami care for them. tions? Wc need only look at silicosis and There has been little research--either pneumoconiosis lo see the. failure. Ami governmental or private--in the field. The failure lo provide adequate treatment ami Public Health Service spends less than one compensation for these dreadful dust diseases cent for each worker each year on the pic- is paralleled by the failure of industry to vent ion of occupational diseases. The Na finance programs of research that would tional Institute of Health, which lias made lead lo llicir prevention at tlic source of hundreds of research grants during the cx [msnrc. past three or four years, has marie less than Belated to the problems of occupational disease and radiation is another mailer that lias received almost no attention in industry, half a dozen in the field of occupational health. There is an iron curtain of secrecy around this whole subject. or in govcrmnciil. lliat is (be matter of Not only docs industry fail to snp|Krt mental disease. Wc already know enough almit automation lo know that it will throw workers into a lonely and eerie world, in habited by monster mechanical devices. and subsidize research in occupational dis eases, itself, hul men who have tried to do independent research find tlint it 5s virtually iui|<ossili!c to gel facts, information, or co- We also know that our mental hospitals o[cratiun from the people in industry who arc already crowded with people who have are in a position to help. Worse slill, if a 19 mum# /9j" Mifionu/ Safely Congrest ooo38(r-L'a;'iicni- Safety ' research project docs tend to show :i cor relation between employment and disease, the authors find it is almost impossible to get their work published or distributed. The result is a deplorable Inch of inform;'lion !>out occupational disease. We arc years behind other countries in this respect. One expert in this field said that research in pneumoconiosis in this country is 25 years behind that of Great Britain. . SECRETS PREVAIL IN INDUSTRY Industry actively opposes objective re search and free interchange of information on occupational diseases because it is more afraid of the possibility of paying compensa tion benefits than it is that workers will die from lack of proper information and ade quate precaution. doctors have testified against `WorVeVS and for management in occupational disease cases even though they knew their testimony was biased. It should not surprise us that doctors ca he unobjective in these cases where their testimony is bought and paid for. We have only to look at the wide-spread difference of opinion among doctors as to the effect of cigarette smoking to sec that their testimony can sometimes l>c something less than truth ful. Most doctors who arc not in the pay of cigarette companies are convinced by all the scientific evidence on record that cigar ettes undoubtedly contribute to lung cancer. But the doctors on the payrolls of the to bacco companies cither deny that cigarettes contribute to lung cancer, or at best main tain that there is not yet enough proof. Here are specific examples that will illusstrate this point. There is some medical . evidence that the chemicals used in the dye industry and in (he manufacture of synthetic rubber cause or contribute to cancer of the bladder. In fact, one of these--amine--is , so dangerous that it has been outlawed - for all industrial uses in Britain since 1951. ' But efforts to prove, (publicize and restrict ;>'..the dangers of this deadly acid have hit stubborn resistance in this country. The V large chemical companies have refused to find out if amine does contribute to cancer m of the bladder and have strongly resisted in i dependent research into this problem. ,* Much the same situation holds true in the !' .asbestos industry. There appears to be dc- cided after-effects on workers who produce t` asbestos in that there is a marked correla- (ion between asbestos employment and lung >' cancer. Here again, the industry lias been ; traditionally reluctant to cooperate in a full scale scientific study of this curious correla tion. This reluctance to do research in ' health hazards recurs In industry after iu- duslry. ' DOCTORS OFTEN BIASED ' But even worse when workers do succumb to cancer of the bladder or the lung, or to some other equally horrible diseases, we arc treated to the spectacle of company doctors who testify that the disease couldn't possibly have been caused by their employment. Doc tors are supposed to be above reproach in our society. But as a labor official I have known of loo many cases in which company >r> As wc contemplate these conflicting views among professional men--and as we thought fully study the reluctance of industry to be honest about this matter of occupational disease--we cannot help but wonder whether the lust for profits has made many men for get the real purimsc of life. What is the real purpose of life? Is it production and profit--or the well-being of Ibc individual? If there is conflict between the two, do we sacrifice production ami profit or the well being of the individual? The ethical answer is obvious.. But the practical methods of reaching the logical ethical conclusion arc more difficult. FEDERAL ACTS NEEDED We could make a start by enacting com prehensive federal workmen's compensation and occupational disease legislation to take the place of the chaos (hat results from having 48 different state systems. But l have no ho|>cs for such a constructive ap proach in the foreseeable future. I am afraid the insurance lobby, and (he employer groups that profit from weak administration arc too strong for us at this time. So wc'H just have to. make that one of our long range objectives. But there are some things we can do right now. We cart try to have programs set up in the National Institute of Health and in the Public Health Service which would recognize the importance of occupa tional disease--and which would put the re search effort in this nation on a par with that of other civilized industrial nations. If wc rannot get decent factory insp SST'*'?''" ours'clvfc* pretty unpopular because we lion from the stale goverment, then we the labor movement must resort to sclf-h looking for the things that are wrong fiw-sffith' American industry aiufc*Anicriran Marry rmi/urs are thinking in terms of col society. **.! lective bargaining dailies which would re I may have offended industry men with quire the employer to adopt the safety this indictment of the ethics ami morals of standards set by the American Standards our business community. But I would he Association as the minimum acceptable in derelict in my duty ami false to my trust as the shop. an elected officer of one of America's greatest unions if I did not say frankly ami LABOR FIGHTS FOR SELF candidly that wc in the labor movement arc We arc also prepared to bargain for more supplemental injury benefits when the com pensation provided by stale laws is not ade not satisfied with present legislation relating to industrial health and safety, workmen's compensation and occupational diseases. quate to sustain a worker and his family. In a sense this is a great challenge to Although our efforts will directly benefit the National Safely Council--a challenge only the 17 million organized workers, per that can he rnet only if all facts arc squarely haps they will release new pressures that faced. If wc in the labor movement could will eventually result in improved legisla count on your assistance in (he fight for tion benefiting all workers. better legislation and more research on both The American labor, movement has but one purjiose--one reason for existence in American life--to serve and protect Ameri the Slate and federal levels we might, to gether, make this a far happier, healthier and safer nation in which to live and work. can workers. There arc limes when we GOOD COMMUNICATIONS HELP SAFETY | by GEORGE 5CRIVEN public relations director, United Rubber, Cirk, Linoleum & Plastic Workers of America, AFL-CIO, Akron, Ohio Our organization has been safety minded, besides good. And there certainly is. I , for many years. The record on that score think (here is a lot of bad amt fuzzy com . speaks for itself in a loud and clear manner. munications going on in all fields. The results of our efforts, in cooperation Within the subject matter at hand, I w'tli enlightened managements, tell the story would say the word pood means that type : ol how wc haveseenthe number of acciw, which gels some concrete reaction and re dents reduced in the plants in which our sults. In the United Rubber Workers, we s members work. I shall not go into specific think onr communications have been good I figures on frequency rates and such. because we have the results to show for it. , I don't suppose any of you would dispute i the flat statement that good communications MUST HAYE RECEIVER ; help safely. But I'd like to try and give Now for the word romuuimVnfioiii in the you some of the techniques, the how and the phrase. Yon can't have communications-- why of that statement. the good type that is--unless someone is First, let's do a little word analyzing. I sending the message and someone is re certainly don't want to sound like the pon ceiving it. I was in the Air Force hr World tifical professor lecturing his class on sem.it- War II, and I served as a radio operator ics. lint when we say good in onr topic, in the Pacific aloard a B-29 Superfortress. "Good Communications Help Safely," we When I sent a message and no one received immediately infer that there ts another kind it, I didn't have communications, f was INCENTIVE AWARDS FOR GOOD SAFETY RECORDS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY by JOHN McKENNA smith safety engineer, Asbestos Corporation Limited, Thetford Mines, Quebec, Canada Tins paper deals with the application of safely incentives at Asbestos Corporation Limited in Thetford Mines, Quebec. Awards for safety aehievments have been used by this company for the past six years. This period compared to an equivalent period before the award program shows the acci dent experience has improved appreciably. To attribute the improved experience solely to safety incentives would be incor rect because supervisory training and re vised ami improved methods have helped our accident prevention program. Never theless, no single feature has been more instrumental in making our workers safety conscious than safety incentives. Asbestos Corporation Limited is engaged in the mining and milling of asbestos ores in the Thetford Mines--Black Lake district of Quebec. Some 2,000 men arc employed, operating three plants with a large expan sion program in progress at one of them. Each plant consists of a mine, a mill, main tenance shops and facilities for the storage and shipping of bagged asbestos. INCENTIVE PLAN Six years ago the safely department of Asbestos Corporation Limited examined sev eral plans to improve the safely record of the company. If accident prevention could he constantly before the worker, the accident frequency and severity would decrease. This would lower the compensation rate, since this company operates on a merit rating basis within the rate structure set by tlc Quebec Workmen's Compensation Commis sion for the Quebec Asbestos Mining As sociation. A safety incentive plan was proposed to management based on the following prin ciples: 1. The goals for safety awards should be realistic and possible to attain by any group which would pay particular attention to accident' prevention. 2. The employees should know their standing during the time the plan is in operation. - .1. The awards or incentives should be distributed to as many employees as possible. 1. One group of employees should not be penalized for the l>oor performance of another group. 5. Tangible prizes are belter than mone tary awards. . 6, The safely incentive plan must he un derstood by all employees. Management accepted a safety incentive plan based on these principles, and it began on November 1st. 1951. It is still in opera tion. I will clalxjrale on each principle and show how these principles were applied by our company. The success of the plan is due to strict adherence to the basic prin ciples. GOALS EASY TO ATTAIN llcforc proposing any safely incentive plan, it is advisable to review the past experience of the company and of other organizations in the same industry. This review or survey will guide in selling objec tives for safety awards. It would indeed he unrealistic to base objectives on a yearly frequency of five lost time accidents per million man hours of exposure when your best previous fre quency has been 20 and that of the industry 12. In other words examine your records and set your objectives so they may be reached by extra effort in the field of acci dent prevention. Do not expect miracles and do not set the objectives so high Iht employees will feel they cannot attain these objectives. At Asbestos Corporation Limited, our survey of past experience and local condi tions indicated that consecutive man-shifts worked without a lost time accident wouM 0C03JM J/imtiy Industry be the best basis on which to make a' This basis had several advantages, ; which were: ji ds. - and selection of awards wnr'tlb explained fegt.4aJcr in this paper. By every employee recemug an award a. Within our reporting or labor ac we are eliminating two employee opposi counting set-up, tills figure could tions to an incentive plan: be easily reported by the timekeeping departments daily. h. If a lost time accident occurs on any a. They feel they work to establish the safety record and then the supervisor receives the reward. day during the month, it is not neces sary to wait until a new period before another no-accident record can start. b. Many feel if (heir names were placed in a box and one name drawn for a safety award, their name would cer The objectives were set so that once the tainly not be drawn. In other words, first was reached, the group continued to they are just not lucky in lotteries. amass consecutive shifts since the last lost ( . time accident. When the second or third .objectives are reached, awards of greater 1 .value arc distributed. All production and maintenance employees, the plant supervisory and clerical stafl, and watchmen are eligible for safety awards. Head office staff, laboratory employees and ' To be more specific, groups or plant a group at our non-operating properties are divisions are awarded safety incentives after not included in the plan. 10,000, 25,000 and 50,000 shifts without a lost time accident. The value of the award at 25,000 shifts is1, approximately two and one-half times the value at 10,000 although only 15,000 consecutive shifts have been added to the total, i One group of employees should not be penalized for the poor performance of another group. When setting up a safety incentive plan based on grottp incentives, have groups or units of employees who do the same wotk. EMPLOYEES KNOW WHERE THEy STAND The employees should know their relation to the objective when the plan is in opera tion. ; The groups should not he too large. Try* many employees might be penalized for the l*oor safely performance of a small propor tion of the group. Since this is a group effort, it requires good teamwork and it is This principle is extremely important in amazing to see how older employees advise any work where an "objective is being at new men on unsafe manner. tained. Everyone is familiar with the ther mometer chart used iit charitable campaigns and war bond drives. For the safety incen tive plan at Asbestos ^Corporation Limited, bulletin hoards at the plant entrances or in the punch clock rooms, showed the number of consecutive man-shifts worked since the last lost time accident for each group operat ing fts a unit. These boards are kept up-to- date daily by the timekeeping department at the plant. .* I<i;' The breakdown of each plant for the safety incentive plan followed the main working divisions: i.e., mine, mill, shops or maintenance, and general or yard labnr. Each group is a unit which operates inde pendently in the plan. If a lost time acci dent occurs in the milt, It docs not affect the records of other groups. The groups are not equal in size but by selling the objectives on the basis of con secutive man-shifts worked since the last MANY AWARD WINNERS The awards or incentives should be dis tributed to as 'many employees as possible. lost time accident, the exposure to injury is equal for all groups. The objectives are the same for all groups. There were several objections In Several plans operate with the supervisory this; many employees maintained their work employees rewarded for safety records es was more hazardous and should therefore tablished by their workers. Other plans receive a handicap. Our experience however, allow so many awards per department or has shown that the equal objectives for all per 100 employees. We distribute awards groups were justified. This is a point to to each employee of the department or plant study carefully before an incentive plan is division eligible under (he plan. The cost put into operation. 21 1957'National Safely Congress l. -...m 000305 Minm/adrwlr.v It Is preferable to distribute useful items as safety awards than to give ibe equivalent in cash. Many companies distribute individ ual pins, or departmental trophies. This certainly advertises the accident prevention program but a pocket knife, wallet or some small tool is a constant reminder of acci dent prevention. The distribution of useful items has been quite popular among our employees. The safely incentive plan must be under stood by all employees. This basic principle applies to any incentive plan initiated and operated by a business organization. When (lie safety incentive plan began, notices were posted on all company bulletin boards ex plaining its operation. Meetings with super visors illustrated in more detail just how the plan would work. When new employees are hired, the plan is explained in the pre employment interview. To recapitulate briefly the safely incentive plan of Asbestos Corporation Limited: Each operating plant is subdivided into four sec tions which operate independently in estab lishing safely records of consecutive man shifts worked without a lost time accident. When one of the following objectives Is reached, 10,000, 25,000, or 50,000 and so on in 25,000-shift increments, each employee is entitled to a safety award if tic lias worked at least 75 per cent of the lime in that section during the period the record or objective, was being established. If a lost time accident occurs in a section, the cumulated man-shifts drop to zero and a fresh start is made. SELECTING AWARDS FOR SAFETY The selection of suitable awards is im portant When employees are eligible for awards, they are entitled to the choice of one of five or six items. The system used by Asbestos Corporation Limited entails more work and possibly has some disadvantages but it is more acceptable to our employees. H we decided everyone was to receive a flashlight or a pen knife there would be many: complaints about how many our men already had; therefore, it is wise to allow is choice of awards. The decision of the five or six items is made along the following principle: two personal items, i.e., pocket knife, flash light, liglUev, two items for the home, i.e., 22 Pyrcx ware, table lighters, mixing bowls; two tools, i.e., hand axe, pliers,'tapes. To illustrate the range of awards distrib uted over the past five and a half years, the following list for each series of awsrds;\ has been compiled: ' I:irst Atvard (WjOOO shifts) has had an active supervisory training pro gram during the past five years. I shal . indicate tHc improvement in the safety ex perience since the inception of the safety incentive plan and point out some features which might be directly attributable to acci* dent prevention awards. Table I is a breakdown of our accident prominent feature after-the. ftjtiation J>( safety incentives was the sharp hjjhiction in.lost time accidents involving tmg to three Sfrys fost time. WlicnUrc cfciffftjtes re alized that this was a "team" or group con test, everyone co-operated in not losing time for minor Injuries, a practice prevalent in previous years. Mixing bowls, flashlights, table lighters,) experience from 1947 through 1956. This The company encouraged employees to re playing cards, ash trays, pipes, thermos bot- period was chosen because it illustrates a tics, wescot wrenches, combination squares,* ^period of five years, 1947 through 1951, hammers, tinners' snips, hand axes, wrench; * prior to the introduction of the safety in sets, ball point pens and razors. j centive plan and a five year period, 1952-56, turn to work by allowing them to relocate to a less arduous task for a short period of time if the work would have to be done during the course of operations. Second Award (25,000 shifts) (hat the plan has been in operation. The application of safely incentives at Steak knives, Silex coffee makers, bill** ` Tables II and HI are a compilation anil Asbestos Corporation Limited in Thctford R(olds, vises, can openers, casting rods, pipe; wrenches, pocket watches, a cash allowance on a pair of safety shoes and First Aid kill iverage of these two five-year periods. Mines has achieved the results desired since the plan was formulate and introduced, i.e., These records indicate an improvement an improvement in our safety record and a Third Award (50fl00 shifts) since the inception of the safety incentive decrease in compensation costs. This is reached on an average of once a year by one of the sections within the com pany. The awards consist of: safety foot wear, flash camera, carving set, socket wrench set, aluminum chairs and in some cases, coriibinntions of two 25,000 shift awards. Han. When the compensation cost plus the incentive cost for the 1952-56 period 5s com pared to the compensation cost alone for the 1947-51 period, we find a yearly average aving of over $30,000, and (his in a period vhen the compensation benefits as well as die wages were increasing. A downward trend has started in the ac Safety incentives when properly applied will produce the following results: a. The workers will become more safely conscious. b. The compensation costs will decrease. c. Accident frequency and severity will improve. d. Workers will aerrpt ihe *,.f. i- j.* - Fourth Award (75,000 shifts) cident frequency, severity and costs when gram mote rridov !<, i!< " This mark has been reached once by one Ihc incentive plan was introduced. However. realize that niau.ur< nieut m mil - *. section. At the request of the majority of H is quite definite that the introduction of compensate them for safety ailuevc- the employees in this section and with the approval of management, instead of increas ing the value of the individual awards as we do for the first three objectives, each employee received an award in the 25,000 shift range and a drawing was made for two television sets, installed in the em ployees' homes complete with outdoor an tenna. Needless to say this created considerable interest in accident prevention throughout the company. The president, the general manager and other top company officials, safety awards accelerated the improvement incuts.^. in accident prevention. ;i ANALYSIS OK AA. CccCiIDENT TAHLK I EXPERIENCE. COMPBNSATION AND SAFETY INCENTIVE COST8, 10t7-J916 Tear M7 IMS 1949 1300 IKl 1353 1353 1954 1355 1956 Lost Tlmo Aee. 333 16R J02 1.13 91 54 63 29 ` 02 38 Ne Lott Tlmo Aeelilenlt 198 2GG 100 209 210 199 203 232 2G7 202 I Pay* Lett 1 6.924 10.127 10.3.11 16.096 1.602 8.493 7.743 7.781 1.642 1.168 Ifenra of KipMtrt 4.461.393 4.639.167 8.141.106 4.483.117 4.861.799 4.148.237 4.063.836 4,177.333 4.887.010 4.399,643 , Friqaeney 63.0 94.1 83.6 296 20.8 19.1 15.6 6.9 11.9 9.8 Se verity 1300 2190 4800 3.100 167 3056 1900 I860 301 372 Cnmpen allnn Cost 8121.017 32.GIG G0.OG1 102.G88 22.914 22.178 33.119 26.886 3I.2G2 29,173 Ineen- tlro Cost $ 9.306 6.01.1 9.795 7,075 7.394 were present for the drawing. The event was covered by the local press and some local correspondents for the Metropolitan dailies. When another group reaches the 75,000 shift marie a drawing for an expen sive award will be made only if it is the expressed wish of the majority of employees Period 1947-61 1952-66 TAPLE II COMPARISON OF ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE, COMPENSATION AND SAFETY INCENTIVE COST8, 1917-1911. 1902-1936 Lost No Lott Time Time Are. Accident* Day* Lott Ilnur* el Kvjwiaure Frn- Se qonney verity Cnmpen- NKtlon Cn*t 716 236 1,044 1,103 47.820 26.725 21.076.472 21,069.846 33.9 11.3 2270 1268 3339.296 146.818 Incen tive Cn*t 110,732 of the section. Anyone in accident prevention knows il TADLE III ARISON OF AVERAGE YEARLY ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE, COMPENSATION AND SAFETY INCENTIVE COSTS. 1917-1951, 1902-1956 is difficult to attribute improvement in safety experience to any one item. Asbestos Cor poration Limited has been constantly chang ing and improving working methods, ant Period 1947-61 1963-66 Lott Timo Arr. HI il Nnl.mt Time Accidents 209 231 Day* Lost 9,664 6,316 Ilnur* nf Expnanrn 4.215.094 4.213.969 Fre quency 33.9 It.2 Se verity 2270 1268 Cnmnen*ntinn Cn*t 1 67.859 29.364 Incentire Cent 8 8.147 2i a 01 O i--i x lT* T q IT c 0< o z Q r a m Ul h i i ri iU c * ft m D C (fl Z m I> o 71 (fl a H (D - t-4 -n Z V I> H oi m- H XI 3> r O') z -i 3 to - n q o m NI q ado m m r i> rn m c"z r XJ*;5" H XJ -i in ft i> ct *- r To MHi H* 3 ~ i m x w x> q ni -< 3^* tj (fl o m i> rn o a oo z (fl r, * H *q ^ HH H < o T T 4 T) 0 Hin 0 3 i- h i o o < i i> cfl m ' - 2 i,o xj 2 ? o ` m --C v , i. r - z v-S :h ; a o W JO *. .*n m m i> q XI D M O m XI to TJ in H XI o r TJ (A -m ifl o- O m 71 oto m tn q (fl " ID *n o Ho < T to o "n TJ * 7i1 q n O - C i~ Cl m m *-* X3 o (fl m io 71 to TJ cn I X) rtn TJ w m to to z QH z m m TJ - o CD H i cn OJ ifl *i (T> ^ to il r i \ | 1 1 x> r ao X (1f1l Cfl 1> r m TO zn i 70 *H II l 71 t: Cl z i -i z --1 n x> r H r >-t a 1> r 1 il n z 07 ij.i 71 CJ U.' rn 1> m7 Cl 71 f:j 0) -i X c --< n Z m 0) m ri H -* m Cl -\ t-i O n O z -< n 'i z Oz oH Hz q O o *q X Oo t-H t--i q -q -< o m q *q H C\ hi q -4 r> m 71 n m Xi 0) o o X rq XI to 71 0) TJ Ol z IH TJ 1 ~l i> T) z tn i> '0 r o '-1 - 01 71 c ** l 73 to to rHH Nl Ul n1 c: Ul -- iH--i r~. 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H kH o z I> r j m i> r H X XJ XJ 6 u.l XJ I' 3tn TJ 3 O H O XJ --1 XX 3> Zcn *n CJ XV H I; -1 kH C) 2 TJ tn CO cn k- 4* 1 k- 'O 3 k-H z k-H z cn CO ni i -i H o7 o *n M kH O m Tl 03 ,4NiAl^m<.|.-i'i 3> /-v k-H UI a k3-<- z o ID 3 m in z ct 3 H n J k-H ui < to m i'i ID O 1 ri ct 3> j; TJ fk X !b ft M* r* 3 w 3> XDJ tn Mri 3 *n1 Q XJ r M- LD 3 O O ft o ID a to TJ "n m -i jj < o 1 XI 10 m to o o x 6 co -r X m 3 k-H z k-H z D k-H z a c cn Hn < IN 03 3 3 r -fc m 3> 3> H XJ TO 3> H D r -i XJ ui kH 3 i* i 03 m mZ o *n H3m k-H I> Xi o z XJ kH *m7 zo I> mV-* m ca HD o n 3 '0 k-H a kH O H l"l m k-H m XJ c XI 03 m cn T) 3 TJ I> to O I tn h> -4* k-H 1 z cn to m -L cn XJ o r m XJ XJ XJ m tn tn a q *n kH o m XI to TJ to I O' XJ in in 3 I-*cr id *-* id c *- in 3 r. <f o 0 o n ui ui o h- 3 in tt' H- k :i o tJ a ui *-* in C kD 3 TJ '1 tU U) 3 f ID -s X.1 *- TJ 03 K' CT> OI LA B O R 'S STAKE IN SAFETY o c c u p a tio n a l d is e a s e p. Volume 1 Fill ROOM . NEWARK PUBLIC LIHIARY GENERAL SESSIONS \ Transactions of the 45th Nationat Safety Congress CONTENTS Officers, Trustees, and Board of Directors....................................................... 5 ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING Minutes ................................................................................................................. 12 Invocation..............................................................Dr. Paul Minnich Robinson IS The President's Report............................................................Ned H. Dearborn It 1958 National Safety Good Turn..........................................Warren Meland 19 Women n Industry........................................................Mrs. Gertrude H. Frese 20 Keynote Address................................................. Major General B. K. Young 25 ANNUAL BANQUET Banquet Address...........................................Honorable William G. Stratton 29 Award Presentation..................................................... .......... Paul G. Hoffman 33 WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES - Our Role in Safety Leadership......................................Mrs. Raymond Sayre 37 Time for Decision.......................................................... .William G. Johnson 38 .The Traffic Problem................................................... ................ James D. Hill "'1 ' ` Fundamentals of Home Safety Activities.................Miss Eunice Heywood 41 51 The Philosophy of the Beaded Shoes......................... Charles W. Ferguson v^icers ................................................................................................................. 52 54 Safety Exposition Exhibitors.............................................................................. 55 Index to all Current Safety Topics volumes. .' 65 i LEARNING TO LIVE . .. Learning to live--safely--was the drawing card which brought more than 13,000 men and women from the United States and 27 other countries to Chicago for the 45th National Safety Congress. These people gathered to exchange the latest ideas in safe attitudes, safe methods and safe equipment. Through speeches, panel discussions and symposiums, they acquired new ideas for helping others--and themselves--to live, work, and play safely. This was the reason the National Safety Council was organized less titan half a century ago, a time when man's thoughts barely kept pace with the industrial revolution. Since then, man has introduced an atomic age which is bringing the continents closer and has made the earth a smaller world. And now man anticipates inter-space travel! Through science and technology, man is progressing to increasing speeds in travel and production, and increasing dangers--new dangers never before encountered. These, in addition to the everyday hazards of life, occupied the thoughts of the safety people at the Congress. To encourage more widespread knowledge of the various fields of safety, the National Safety CoUndl publishes .he Current Safety Topics--30 volumes of condensation of Congress speeches and exchanges of ideas. Each volume is a handy reference to different phases of accident prevention. The complete set of volumes are listed On the bade page of each volume. . have edited. \ Since the proceedings " , ./ been and condensed for reference purposes, the complete original manuscrlpt^'Vlth any charts or illustrations used, are available in the' National^Saifjsty^'touncil files. Views expressed at the Congress or in any volume of Current Safety Topics are those of the Congress participants, and not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. mi :; National 1j Safety Council ! OFFICERS I | Chairman, Board of Directors--Walter F. Carey, Automobile Car* | riers Inc, Flint, Mich. | Vice Chairman, Board of Directors--Dr. Lowell B. Fisher, Presi| dent, North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, | University of Illinois, Urbana, III. | President--Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, | Chicago, III. j Vice-President for Farms--Kirk Fox, Editor, Successful Faming, I Meredith Publishing Co., Des Moines, Iowa. I Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer--William II. Lowe, | Treasurer, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, III. |Vice-President for Homes--Dr. George M. Wheatley, Third Vice | President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Industry--Gerard O. Griffin, Director of Safety, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, l'a. i Vice-President for Labor--P. L. Sikmii/.ek, General Vice President. International Association of Machinists, Chicago, III. u '% Vice-President for Local Safety Organisations--Walter K. Koch, Si President, Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Co., Denver Cola' . Vice-President for Membership--Edward C. Myers, Vice-President, United Slates Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. . Vice-President for Public Information--Charles VV. Ferguson, Senior Editor, The Reade/i Digest, Pleasnntville, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges--Dr. Lowell B. Fisher (Also Vice-Chairman of Board; see above). Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation--E. J. Buhner, Chair man o! the Board, Silverj|*leet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. Vice-President for Women's Activities--Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, Stale of Maine, Augusta, Me. Executive Vice-President--G. C Stewart, Executive Vice-President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. ' Secretary--R. L. Forney, Secretary, National Safety Council, Chi cago, III. | Assistant Treasurers--Buford B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of | . Safety, Inc., Chicago, III. s J. D. Fulford, Director, Treasury Bureau, National Safety Council, 1 Chicago, III. 5 National Safety Council >**&> National Safety Council (Trustees, continued) TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees--W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas Company, New York, N, Y. Vice-Chairman of the Trustees--)onu Stilwixl, Yonkers, N. Y. Secretary of the Trustees--Neb H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Members Melvin H. Baker, Chairman, Board of Directors, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, Chairman, Board of Directors, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, Chairman, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Walter F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. (Ex-Officio). Cason J. Callaway, Blue Springs Farms, Hamilton, Ga. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-IIoward Supply Co., New York, N. Y. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copjicr Corp., New York, N. Y. Cleo F. Craig, Member, Executive Committee, American Telephone Si Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co., Chicago, III. Harlow H. Curtice, President, General Motors Corp., General Motors Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Nei> H. Dearborn, President, National Safely Council, Chicago, 111. (Ex-Officio). Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. J. Doyle DeWitt, President, The Travelers, Hartford, Conn. Morse G. Dial, President, Union Carbide Corp., New York, N. Y. E F. DU Pont, Director, Employee Relations Dept., E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. / 6 Frederic W. Ecker, President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Benjamin F. Fairless, President, American Iron & Steel Institute, New York. N. Y. Calvin Fentress, Jr., Chairman, Allstate Insurance Co., Skokie, III. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Co., St. Paul, Minn. E. Roland Harriman, Brown Brothers Hardman St Co., New York, N.Y. Clifford F. Hood, President, United States Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 3 Joseph L. Lanier, President, West Point Manufacturing Co., West Point, Ga. - George E. Leighty, Chairman, Board of Directors, Railway Labor Executives' Assn., Washington, D. C. Ray D. Murphy, Chairman, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United Slates, New York, N. Y. T. S. Petersen, President, Standard Oil Co. of California, Sau Fran cisco, Calif. Gwilym A. Price, President and Chairman, Westingliouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, I'a. Walter P. Reutiier, Vice President, American Federation of LaborCongress of Industrial Organizations, Detroit, Mich. W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas Co., New York, N.Y. Edward L. Shea, Chairman, Ethyl Corp., New York, N. Y. Herbert E. Smith, Former Chairman, United States Rubber Co., New York, N.Y. /' John Stjlwell, Yonkeri, N. Y. Arthur E. StodoarD, j^tHtldent, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Ncbr. " Dr. John F. Thompson, Chairman, The International Nickel Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Kenneth C. Towe, Chairman, A >**** yaiiJHlid -O^ptfcw Y ofv, N.Y. Juan T. Trjpi-e, President, PanNew York, N. Y. C. E. Wilson, Birmingham, Mich. Robert W. Woodruff, Chairman, Co., Atlanta, Ga. i World Airways System, * 000338 , Committee, The Coca-Cola f National Safety Council *i| "'**** j BOARD OF DIRECTORS t | Chairman of the Board of Directors--Walter F. Carey, President, | Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. | Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors--Dr. Lowell B. Fisher, | President, North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary | Schools, University of Illinois, Urbana, III. Members Frank R. Ahlgren, Editor, The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. J. T. Blalock, Vice President, Pacific Indemnity Co., Los Angeles, Calif. T. N. Boate, Manager, Accident Prevention Dept., Association of Casualty and Surety Cos., New York, N. Y. Norman E. Borcerson, Deputy Superintendent, State Dept, of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. Al. E. Brown, Vice-President and Regional Director for the West Coast, United Paperinakers and Papcrworkers, Portland, Ore. E. J, Buhner, Chairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. RonERT R. Burton, Vice-President, Kenyon & Eckhardt, Inc., Chi cago, III. Alfred W. Cantwell, National Director Safety Services, The American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Walter F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. Dr. A. L. Chatman, Chief, Division of Special Health Services, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, I). C. Dr. Zenas R. Clark, Administrative Assistant, Wilmington Public Schools, Wilmington, Del. John M. Convery, Employee Relations Division, National Association of Manufacturers, New York, N. Y. M. R. Darlington, Jr., Managing Director, Inter-Industry Highway Safety Committee, Washington, D. C. ' J. B. Davies, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Products Group, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 8 National Safety Council I 00033!) ty''d'jpf!\:Ditictors, coilN^ Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Henry B. Duffus, Administrator, Accident Prevention, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. E. F. du Pont, Director, Employee Relations Dept., E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8c Co., Inc., Wilmington, Dei. Wallace Falvey, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. C. M. Ferguson, Administrator, Federai Extension Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Charles W. Ferguson, Senior Editor, The Readers Digest, Pleasantville, N. Y. R. H. Ferguson, Assistant Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Lowell B. Fisher, President, North Central Association of Col leges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urbana, III. Kirk Fox, Editor, "Successful Farming," Meredith Publishing Co., Des Moines, la. Mrs. Gertrude H. Frese, Assistant to Vice President and General ; Manager, New York Telephone Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gerard 0. Griffin, Director of Safety, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa. : .- S. W. Guiud', Managing Director, Pacific Coast Association of Pulp and Pater Manufacturers, Portland, Ore. %' - Paul E. Gursez, Pompano Beach, Fla. * * I ; < RK. rP.. Hamilton*! bSuuppeertintend'lent of Safety, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Co., St Louli, Mo. J. P. Hightower, /Director, T' ransportation and Safety, The Greyhound Corp., Chicago, 111. Stanley C. Hope, President, Esso Standard Oil Co., New York, N. Y. George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Relations, General Motors . Corp., Detroit, Mich. Newell K. Johnson, General Manager, American Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, III. Walter K. Koch, President, Mountain States Telephone and Tele graph Co., Denver, Colo. 9 I National Safety Council (Board of DirecibVSf'tdntimitd) Dalibor W, Kralovec, Assistant Director in Charge of Safety, The Board of Education, Philadelphia, Pa. Franklin XI. Kaeml, Director, Transportation Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, III. . Edmond H. Leavey, President, International Telephone and Tele graph Corp., New York, N. Y. E. W. Lehmann, Prof. Emeritus, Urbana, III. William H. Lowe, Treasurer, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, III. E. C. McFadden, Vice President, Texas Employers' Insurance Assn., Dallas, Texas. Harold G. Mangelsdorf, Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) New York, N. Y. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, Slate of Maine, Augusta, Maine. I. W. Millard, Chairman of the Board, Industrial Gloves Co., Dan ville. III. Edward C. Myers, Assistant Vice President, U. S. Steel Corp., Pitts burgh, Pa. Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. Henry E. North, Vice-President, Mctro(*olit.in Life Insurance Co., San Francisco, Calif. Clifton W. Piialen, Executive Vice-President, American Telephone and Telegraph, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Ivy Baker Priest, Treasurer of the United Slates, Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co., Duluth, Minn. Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Service; Industrial Relations, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich. Mrs. Raymond Sayre, Ackworth, Iowa. A. J. Schwantes, Head of Dept, ol Agricultural Engineering, Uni versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. Harry See, National Legislative Representative, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Washington, D. C. 10 Louts B. Seltzer, Editor, The Cleveland Press, Cleveland, Ohio. P. L. Siemillek, General Vice-President, International Association of Machinists, Chicago, III. Rkusen D. Sivesson, Manager, Dept, of Manufacture and Industrial Development, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Wash ington, D. C. J. L. S. Shear, Jr., President, Consolidated Frciglilways, Inc., Menlo Park, Calif. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, Herman J. SroERER, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, The Youngs town Sheet and Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio. A. E. Sfottke, Vice-President, Allstate Insurance Co, Sk"hi<\ t!l G. C. Stewart, Executive Vice Presid* oi, Vni.n.,i Chicago, 111. ' Walter A. Stewart, Trustee and former President, American Optica! Co., Southbridge, Mass. ArmtJhlu.r E. Stoddard, President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, | Col. W. L. Tubbs, Assistant for Ground Safely, DCS/PersonncI, Ifq., | U. S, Air Force, Washington, D. C. Lloyo Utter, Director, Industrial Health and Safety Division, United Automobile Workers, Detroit, Mich. Donald G. Vaughan. Secretary, Aetna Casualty and Surely Co., bwkHartford, Conn. !<: ifcfllA > - Mrs. George Welles, Jr., Duluth, Minn. I Dr. George M. Wheatley, Thud Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. R. S. Wilson, Executive Vice-President, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. W. 0. Wilson, Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.), Chi cago, III. Dr. William P. Yamt, Director of Research, Mine Safety Appliances ! Co., John T. Ryan Memorial Laboratory, Pittsburg!], Pa. n OFFICERS OF THE WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Safety Exposition Exhibitor Acme Protection Equipment Co., South Haven, Mich. Industrial gas masks, chemicals and accessories. Advance Glove Mfg. Co., Detroit, Micb. . Work gloves. _ Chairman and Vice-President--MARION E. MARTIN, Commissioner of Labor and In dustry, State of Maine, Augusta, Maine. , Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford, Conn. . Safety educational aids and services including Aetna Drivotrainer. Vice-Chairman--MRS. RAYMOND SAYRE, chairman, Women's Committee, The Presi-3 Akron Brass Mfg. Co., Inc., Wooster, Ohio .' Fire hose nozzles and accessories. dent's Committee for Traffic Safety, Ackworth, Iowa. Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. Board Representatives-UhmOK E. MARTIN; MRS. RAYMOND SAYRE; MRS.',' Abrasive rolled steel floor plate. GERTRUDE FRESE, assistant to Vice-President, New York Telephone Co., Brooklyn, f American Abrasives Metals Co., Irvington, N. J. N. V.; HO'*. IVY BAKER PRIEST, Treasurer of the United States, Washington, J Abrasive stair treads, threshold, door saddles and non-slip coatings. ho. . :| M American Allsafe Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Meml-r--at-Large--MRS. ALMER ARMSTRONG, coordinator, Organization Relational Kf;; Drybrow the Nation's Sweat Band and Grecnlinc Emergency Release. gjjrAmerican Biltrite Rubber Co., Chelsea, Mass. Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Assn., Indianapolis, Ind.; MRS. AGNES D. BEATON, r$] Rubber, composition and neoprene safety soles. director, Women's Division, Automotive Safety Foundation, Washington, D. C.; MRS, ^ O. A. BEECH, president. Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kan.; MRS. RAE V. $ '.?'* American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. BIESTER, superintendent, United States Mint, Philadelphia, Pa.; HON. MAR- Sling chains and Kuplex sling chain assemblies, wire rope slings and a-si-mll own wire rope slings. GUERITE S. CHURCH, Congress of the United States, House of Representatives; Washington, D. C.; HON. FRANCES COOK, Justice of the Peace, Beaverton, Ore.; MISS DOROTHY DOWNS, assistant to J. 0. Herbstcr, chief engineer, Firemen's^ Mutual Insurance co., Providence, R. I., MRS. GERTRUDE FRESE; MRS. JEAN,, American Industrial Safety Equipment Co., Inc., Cleveland, Ohio Face shields, goggles, gloves and mittens. V1 ^American La France Corp., Elmira, N. Y. ' WOOD FULLER, director, Women's Activities. Federal Civil Defense Administration,' Fire apparatus ai>4 fire fighting equipment Battle Creek, Mich.; DR. LILLIAN M. GILBRETH, Montclair, N. J.; MRS. U Cii ^American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. GILMOUR, chairman, Women's division, Seallte-King County Safely Council, Seattle, Wash.; MRS. ROBERT W. GUNDERSON, Rapid City, S. D.; BETTY GUNNING; * ' Head, eye and respiratory protective devices; safety clothing and safety specialty products. \ ? Station WJAR, Providence, R. I.; MRS. J. RAMSAY HARRIS, Denver, Colo.;; MRS. HELEN K. KNANDEL, educational consultant, Traffic Engineering and Safely./ fe/mpco Metal, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. E& Non-sparking, corrosion-resistant safety tools. Dept, American Automobile Assn., Washington, D. C.; MRS. JOHN E. KRUEGER,?] Milwaukee, Wis.; MRS. DOROTHY McCULLOUGH LEE, chairman, Subversive*' 5Ansul Chemical Co., Marinette, WU. Dry chemical lire protection equipment, ( ' Activities Control Board, Washington, D. C.; MRS. ALICE K. LEOPOLD, assistant^ E* Arcadia Mfg. Co., Birmingham, Mich. to the Secretary of Labor, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.; HON.$| *"' Plastic coated gloves and aprons for industry. , GERALDINE MACELWANE, judge, Lucas County Common Picas Court, Toledo,? *r- |j. Award Incentives, Inc., New York, N. Y. Ohio; MRS. WALTER V. MAGEE, Ohio State Safety Council, Lakewood, 01 Safely incentive award programs, emblems, plaqti and trophies. MARION E MARTIN; MRS. CARRIE NOELLING, vice-president, Home Safety^] ki'Ballymore Co., West Chester, Pa. & Women's Activities, Kansas City Safety Council, Kansas City, Mo.; HON. IVY Rolling safety step ladders, movable work | BAKER PRIEST; EDITH RAMSAY, Home Equipment Editor, The American Horoe, hydraulic lift work platforms. mobile access lifts and New York, N. Y.; MRS. MARY G. ROEBLING, president, Trenton Trust Co., Tren-; ton, N. J.; MRS. RAYMOND SAYRE; MRS. ALMA K. SCHNEIDER, superin tendent, United States Mint, Denver, Colo.; MRS. MAMIE KENNEDY TAYLOR,-h Executive Dept., Georgia Power Co., Atlanta, Ga.; MRS. BERNICE T. VAN DER-Jj VRIES, member, Chicago Transit Board, Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago, III; >| MRS. MILDRED YOUNGER, Los Angeles, Calif. Bashlin, W. M., Co., Grove City, Pa. Linemen's and industrial safely equipment. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. . Safety glasses, Ortho-Raters and `'Titan'* safety Beltone Hearing Aid Co., Chicago, III. Audiometers, hearing aid tests. 000341 Vl'.'. $ 1957 National Softly Congress Safely Exhibitors The Beryllium Corp., Reading, Pa. Safety tools. Best, Alfred M. Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Safety publications. Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. Wire rope slings, standard and braided slings. t S\ v.-i Clark, J. R., Co., Spring Park, Minn. '(Industrial ladders. [Cotumbus Glove Mf~. Co., Columbus, Ohio '' ^Coated gloves an.1 ?prons. ^Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. rAlloy steel sling chains. . Bil-Jax, Inc., Archbold, Ohio Tubular steel scaffolding and equipment. Portable steel bleachers. ^Cunningham, M. E., Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ^Safety marking tools. Bomgardner Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio Emergency stretchers, cots, first aid equipment, rcsuscltators and respirators. |jDalsy Mfg. Co., Plymouth, Mich. 3*Air rifle. Bone Dry Mfg. Co., Neosho, Mo. Outdoor footwear. .Javids Gloves, Inc., Springfield, Ohio Safety gloves. Boyer-CampbeU Co., Detroit, Mich. Safety equipment for industry--individual protective equipment. )avis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., Newark, N. J. Respiratory protection, combustible gas indicators, safety and first aid equipment. Brady Co., W. H., Milwaukee, Wts. Self-sticking safety products, Perma-Code pipe makers. Breck, John H., Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial hand cleaner; hair and scalp preparations. )ctex Watch Clock Corp., Chicago, 111. ^Watchmen's clocks. |AMF DeWalt, Inc., Lancaster, Pa. Radial arm woodworking equipment and safety features. Brett-Guard Co., Englewood, N. J. kDockson Corp., Detroit, Mich. New saw-guard combining safety with full work visibility. Brossard, Lester L., Co., Chicago, III. 1 Welding helmets, face shields, cup and spectacle type goggles, respirators aud eye savers. Klcar-Vu traffic mirrors and Klcar-Vu traffic lane markers. 'Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. Browne, Stewart R. Mfg. Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. p'i. Safety solvents, germicides and insecticides. Electrical safety equipment, explosion-proof and vapor-proof portable inspection. Corning Corp., Midland, Mich. lites, explosion-proof ffaslilites, grounding devices. Sight saver cleaning stations, shoe saver, safety shoes. Brulin & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Floor treatments, cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides. Doyle Vacuum Cleaner Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. '1't`Jndustrial vacuum cleaners, scrubbers and polishers. Buffalo Fire Appliance Corp., Dayton, Ohio Portable fire extinguishers and fire department accessories. Buhrke, R. H., Co., Chicago, III. Occupational safety equipment ami products for construction and maintenance. Bullard, E. D., Co., Sausalito, Calif. Industrial safety equipment. ' Cambridge Rubber Co., Taneytown, Md. .Non-slip safety soles, Vul-Cork and Vul-Cork Neoprene. Chance, A. B., Co., Centralia, Mo. Hot line maintenance tools aud line construction tools. Charleston Rubber Co., Charleston, S. C. Lineman and industrial gloves, sleeves, aprons, safety devices. Chemical Corp., Springfield, Mass. Protective hand creams, cleaners and lotions. ' Chicago Eye Shield Co., Chicago, lit. Head and eye protective equipment. ' Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich. "Chrysler Corporation--The Forward Look in Safely." . 56 Jl-Dunn Products, Chicago, III. uf^yProtcclivc clothing for industrial workers made from asbestos, leather, rubber, ?v Neoprene and fire-proofed duck. 1 j) Du Pont I. E., de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. $ * Flame retardant for fabrics and paper, anti-slip floor waxes, piolcctive cre ms. Neoprene products. \ .Jf- Eagle Mfg. Co., Wellsburg, W. Va. Safety cans, oilers, oil and gasoline containers. gF Edmont Mfg. Co., Coshocton, Ohio ' Coated fabric work gloves. .1 V.-Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc., Elkhart, Ind. jfo*', Fire exlinguislicrs, municipal and industrial brass goo< Jt* Elliott Service Co., Inc., Mount Vernon, N. Y. pK:. Accident prevention displays, safety conference pr 'w' Bulletin, suggestion system service. Emerson, J. H., Co., Cambridge, Mass. Ch0,>. jersey, leather palm, all leather and plastic worj ^`Fendall Co., Chicago, III. tf-Head and eye protection equipment. Supervisor's -rjJSrekly 00034,? r ...* .57 tf 1957 National Safety Congress Fibre-Metal Products Co.. Chester, Pa. Eye, head, and (ace protection and welding accessories. Fine Organics, Inc., New York, N. Y. High flash, low toxicity safety solvents. ' Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich. ' ' *ji Ford automobiles, featuring Lifeguard steering wheels, sun visors, S*at belts instraj ment panel padding, and door latches. 3 Frommelt Industries, Dubuque, Iowa Portable welding shield and protective heat cloth. _ Fyr-Fyter Div., Fyr-Fyter Co., Dayton, Ohio . Fire extinguishers, resuscitators and respirators. > General Fire Extinguishers Corp., St Clair Shores, Mich. Quick-Aid fire extinguishers and allied products. Glendale Optical Co., Inc., Valley Stream, N. Y. Chippers and welders goggles, face shields, safety spectacles. Globe Co., Grip-Strut Div., Chicago, 111. Grin-Strut grating, stair tread materials. Grinnell Co., Inc., Providence, R. I. Fixed pipe fire protection systems. Gro-Cord Rubber Co., Lima, Ohio Gro-Cord, Raw-Cord and Neo-Cord soles, heels and taps. Haws Drinking Faucet Co., Berkeley, Calif. Emergency eyewash fountains, emergency showers and goggle wash fountains. Hild Floor Machine Co., Inc., Chicago, HI. Explosion-proof vacuum cleaners and floor machines. . Hy-Test Safety Shoes Div., International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Safety footwear; also conductive and special types for atomic usage. Hygiene Research, Inc., New York, N. Y. Protective ointments and mistproofinfi cloth for goggles, welding masks, windshield;, Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, III. - ?/*i Leather, asbestos, duck, wool, Wovcn-Gard, Pcrniaproof, ami aluminized duck andf Asbestos huger guards. ') }u |jones ft Co., Rumford, R. I. tk Full vision visor goggles. Safety Exhibitors (JVJones ft Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. \Wue rope stings, wire rope, ijunktn Safety Appliance Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. Y Power press guards, grinding wheel shields, stretcher equipment. `utrite Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Safety cans, oily waste cans, safety electric lantern, flashlights and lire extinguishers. rel First Aid Supply Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial hospital equipment and medical supplies. Jley Paint Co., Louisville, Ky. Convoy skid-proof safety euamel. Halt-fire barrier paint. 5s; '* .cyclone View Co., Meadville, Pa. Occupational and driver vision tests, lantern slide projectors. Idde, Walter ft Co., Inc., Belleville, N. J. i F*ire detecting and extinguishing equipment, ultrasonic burglar alarm. XJttmball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio MPersonal protective devices for industrial workers. ilfatbias Klein ft Sons, Chicago, III. Linemen's safety equipment and tools. .. Bros. Shoe Mfg. Corp., Brockton, Mass. Safety shoes. Ikons, J., Glove Con Chicago, III. 1|.'. Linemen's, briclgemcn's and welders' quality gloves. ^Leeder Mfg. Co., Inc., Briarcliff, N. Y. ..Pressurized dry chemical extinguishers. J&egge, Walter G., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Bw.Safety floor maintenance materials, conductive coatings, static eliminators. ^Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Emmaus, Pa. ^ Leather ami rubber safety footwear. ^Lighfoot Co., Inc., The, New York, N. Y. gj.Strin cleansers--powdered, liquid, bar and waterless. Institute of Industrial Launderers, Washington, D. C. . Industrial launderers and cleaners. ,. Insto-Gas Corp., Detroit, Mich. Torches and furnaces. Interstate Rubber Products Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Safety Traflicones for tralTic control. 1 ' Logan Emergency Showers, Glendale, Calif.' $ * .Industrial emergency showers, eye-wash fountains. : [Lowery Brothers, Inc., Chicago, III.,' . !]>-Wire rope splicing service. j' , LMaieo Co., Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. ' K,, Uaico audiometers for industrial hearing testing. Iron Age Div., H. Childs ft Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Linemen's and women's leather ami rubber industrial safety footwear. Mfinh ft McLennan, Inc., Chicago, III. ft* Insurance broker and agencies. Jackson Products, Air Reduction Sales Co., Div. of Air Reduction Co., Inc., Warren,],] Mirtindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio wi? Protective dust masks, eye protectors, face shields, s Mich. Insulated electrode holders, cable connectors, face shields and goggles. f Ussury-Young Co., Boston, Mass, ft] Floor maintenance materials. ' JomInadcu,sItnrica.l, Pwhoilrakdegplohviae,s,Pas.afety sleeves, hand guards, North P.V.C. gloves, Norik fjMeA, n, Thom, Safety Shoe Div protective clothing. . Sikty shoes. v-i, m v orK' n- x. ' . ' trie test instruments. ' "'si/ t 0003-13 >57 National Safely Congress aXv ' Safety Exhibitors IcDermott, Julian A., Corp., Ridgewood, L. I., N. Y. Warning and safely lighting for municipal, industrial, utility and aviation use. ^ IcDonald, B. F., Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Industrial safety equipment. fedicai Supply Co., Rockford, III. Flexible unit aid, snake bite first aid, burn first aid. letropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Useful materials for use in community health and safety programs. dicro Switch, Div. of Minneapolis-Honeywcll Regulator Co., Freeport, HI. Safety interlock switches and electric controls for power machines. dilburn Co., Detroit, Mich. . Ply skin protective creams, ply garb safety and protective clothing, plyglovcs plastic coated work gloves, ply waterless hand cleaner. Miller Equipment Co., Inc., Franklin, Pa. Linemen's safety belts, straps accessories and industrial safety belts. ^Petersen Engineering Co., Santa Clara. Calif. Fengo tension wire stringer, Pengo earth augers and other construction equipment *J;for the utility industry. neer Rubber Co., Willard, Ohio ijoves; all kinds, liquid proof. llinic Instruments, Inc., New York, N. Y. Driver testing and training equipment and visual aids for driver and traffic safety. fco ' *i{ive Safety Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio jjwer press guards. rie State Products Co., Chicago, 111. tflreWt.a l and electrical safety and directional signs. sgress Industries, Inc., Norwood, R. I. ^Safety goggles. * uteetoseal Co., Chicago, III. Fire prevention equipment for flammable solvents. Mine Safety Appliance Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety equipment for every industry. lUman, Ted Defrosto Mirrors, Inc., Lynwood, Calif. '`#5 ^C-Icer truck mirrors. ; National Medical Supply Co., Chicago, III. '' * aosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial first aid supplies equipment and instruments. [.Respirators, eye protection, helmets, protective clothing, asbestos and leather gloves. Neo-Flasher Mfg. Co., Burbank, Calif. Industrial, traffic emergency flashing signals. Rfiiitnam Rolling Ladder Co., Inc, New York, N. Y. ^Reinforced plastic and extension and single ladders, and oak rolling ladders. Newco Mfg. Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. Wire rope fittings, safety hooks, load protectors. New Castle Battery Mfg. Co., New Castle, Pa. ^School crossing signals. Nichols Engineering Co., Chicago, 111. Steel, unloading and tank car work platforms. , pyrene--C-O-Two Div., The Fyr-Fyter Co., Newark, N. J. tSCarbon dioxide and dry chemical extinguishers and systems. Smoke detectors. rRicine Glove Co., Inc., Rio, Wis. jloves, apparel, protective equipment--leather, asbestos, and steel reinforced. ,!'V \ idiator Specialty Co., Charlotte; N. C. ^Safe-T-Conc rubber traffic guides. *lolph Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, III. Notifier Mfg. Co., Lincoln, Neb. .. Fire detection, sprinkler supervisory, watchman tour, municipal alarm systems. ^Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, dry chemicals on automatic systems. Occupational Hazards, Cleveland, Ohio - Publishers. Onox, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Toughener and Footmats for Athlete's Foot. Osborn Mfg. Corp., Warsaw, Ind. Safety Pliers and tongs for feeding punch presses. ' . . leece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Columbus, Neb. j^Voodcn sole safety boots, shocs^aud sandals. , legel Textile Corp., Industrial Gloves Div,/New .York, N. Y. ^Industrial work gloves. '. jwekwood Sprinkler Co., Worcester, Man. ^ .Automatic fire protection systems; sprinklera^wl^ffog, fogfoam and foam. jjntt Mfg. Co., Denver, Colo. Oxy-Catalyst, Inc., Wayne, Pa. Catalytic purifiers for controlling CO and other automotive exhaust fumes. Pac-Kit Co., Greenwich, Conn. '^Industrial safety equipment. .Safeguard Mfg. Co., Woodbury, Conn. jjj*Modern press guards. 1 Unit type first aid equipment. 'iflfe ^Safety Bax Toe Co., Boston, Mass. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo. Safety industrial skin cleaners and dispensers. 'S$SSaaffeetlvy s*>te?e/!l itnoer-st. ^Safety Clothing & Equipment Co., Cleveland, Ohio Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Chicago, III. ' - [^'Safety clothing and equipment for every type of industrial wo Wood, aluminum and magnesium safety ladders, suspended sectional steel tubular ||!Sifety First Products Corp., Elmsford, N. Y. steel ami aluminum scaffolding sidewalk protection canopies, steel grandstand; and fold-a-way scaffold. . : Ist^Fke extinguishers. fvV 60 ` iri: 000311 1957 National Softty Congress ' Safely Exhibitor* Safety First Shoe Co., Inc., Hoiliston, Mass. Safety steel toe shoes for men. , 4` ' Safety First Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Industrial safety equipment. Safety Tower Ladder Co., Burbank, Calif. Safety equipment for fixed ladders and scalTolds. Salisbury, W. H., & Co., Chicago, IU. Linemen's rubber protective equipment. Sarole, Inc., Linden, N. J. Non-traumatic carrier. . Sawyer-Tower, Inc., Boston, Mass. ` All types of protective and safety clothing. Schrader's A., Son Div., Brooklyn, N. Y. ' Pneumatic press coutrols, valves, cylinders and associated products. tttf^Unlon Wire Rope Corp., Kansas City, Mo. ` ^`rc roPe "Tu/fy" slings, "Tufly" towlines. ''-'^United States Safety Service Co., Kansas City, Mo. , :.Y; Industrial eyewear. ^Universal Match Corp., St. Louis, Mo. 1 ^Safety programs for employees, match book safety programs, employee health, Irjq,, sanitation programs, fire prevention programs. [jVigner Sign Service, Inc., Chicago, IU. - ^Wagner changeable copy displays. Witchemoket Optical Co., Inc., Providence, R. I. I'./"Eye-Savers" plastic eye protection and Plasi-Glow safety signs. VVelsh Mfg. Co., Providence, R. I. palely goggles, lens, face shields and helmets. Scientific Industrial Supply Co., Chicago, 111. Gloves, clothing and general safety equipment. rjWestern Industrial Pharmaceuticals Co., San Francisco, Calif. Poison ivy, oak and sumac ointment. Scott Aviation Corp., Lancaster, N. Y. Scott air-pak demand inhalator, demand respirator, hydro-pak. jWestline Products Div. of Western Lithograph Co., Los Angeles, Calif. ^' Industrial signs, markers, safety signs, pipe markers, labels, Ictters-numbcrs-signs. Searjeant Metal Products, Inc., Mendon, N. Y. Punch press safety guards, controls, and accessories. tWheeler Protective Apparel, Inc., Chicago, IU. : ['Industrial safety clothing for heat and abrasive hazards. Sellstrom Mfg. Co., Palatine, IU. Face and eye protection equipment. P^Whltney, L. A., Associates, Inc., New York, N. Y. '5 Visual aids--flannel boards, programs--complete ait and productim m . < r Speakman Co., Wilmington, Del. Industrial emergency showers, eye-wash fountains. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co., Chicago, IU. Safety awards, badges and trophies. Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, III. Industrial safety equipment. Stephenson Corp., Red Bank, N. J. Automatic resuscitation equipment and chemical breath test for intoxication. Stonehouse Signs, Inc., Denver, Colo. Industrial accident prevention signs. ' Stop-Fire, Inc., New Brunswick, N. J. Fire extinguishers. Willson Products Div., Ray-O-Vac Co., Reading, Pa. Industrial goggles, gas masks, helmets and respirators, and allied safety devices. ^`kn ^ubber Co., A Div. of Becton, Dickinson & Co., Canton, Ohio Rubber and synthetic industrial gloves for every use. gWolyerme Shoe & Tanning Corp., Rockford, Mich. f<- Industrial safety shoes. , The Surety Rubber Co., Carrollton, Ohio EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITORS - Personal protective equipment (or industrial and electrical workers. The Surty Mfg. Co., Inc., Chicago, IU. Linemen's safety equipment and industrial workers protective equipment. American Optometric Assn., St. Louis, Mo. "Vision For Safety"--On The Highw.ay, In Industry. Taylor, S. G. Chain Co., Inc., Hammond, Ind. "Taylor-Made" alloy steel sling chains and allied products including Tayco paten alloy steel drop forged hooks. . - Ar|onne National Laboratory, Lamont, III. ."EqSuciopumtseonft AanmdeGricuaid,eNseUwseBdruinstwheickP,eNrfo. rJm. ance of Rai Exhibit of 1958 Good Turn Campaign. Tect, Inc., Dumont, N. J. Vythene and other Tccsolve safety solvents. '^Bler-American Safety Council, Inc., New York, N. Y. ^j7he Safety Council serving all Latin America. fety WweWV * OOO3/5 Titmus Optical Co., Inc., Petersburg, Va. Safety eyewear, ophthalic instruments, lenses, frames and sun wear. Tool & Mfg. Co., Inc., Coverdale, Pa. Non-ipalling hand tools and hand protectors for same. ' Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. ' "Loading Effects of Wind on Towers." htional Society for The Prevention of Blindness, New S.;. Educational material on conservation and utilization o .. 62 ' &> OFFICERS OF THE (w(fill Hygiene CluuVumu (West)--MRS. HF.LF.N W. G1ERE, R. N, First aid nurse, Missile Systems Div., Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Holloman Ar Development Center, JAlamogordo, N. M. AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRIES SECTIOty y. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 fyfaftnal Hygiene Chairman (East)--J. C. SEWELL, safety and workmen's compensa te ln division manager, Wright Aeronautical Div., Curtiss*Wright Corp., Wood-Ridge, nN. J. lisr Membership Chairman (East)--E, L. NEWMAN, Chief of Ground Salety jfEWABG) Headquarters, Wrigiit-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. General Chairman--JOHN S. T. SWANSON, safely engineer, Orenda Engines Un Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Senior Vice Chairman (West)--FRANK W. STARR, safely & conservation admi Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., Long Beach, Calif. Vice Chairman (Central)--LYLE A. CATES, safety engineer, Douglas Aircraft Co,^ Tulsa. Okla. ` Membership Chairman (Central)--EDWARD V. SISUL, supervisor, Safety & Medical |pDept* McDonnall Aircraft Corp., St. Louis, Mo. mbership Chairman (West)--HOWARD R. KIENLE safety supervisor, Transport JPtv., Boeing Airplane Co., Renton, Wash. Mfce-Jeb Safety Chairman (Central)--F. E, VAN HORN, safely and security super.vbor. Industrial Relations Div., Solar Aircarft Co,, Des Moines, Iowa Viet C/iainwm (Emt)--KENNETH L. STEBBINS, director of safety, Lycoming, AVCO Manufacturing Corp., Stratford, Conn. 1 * f-the-Job Safety Choirmon (East)--HAROLD L. RUSH chief. Ground Safety Div., |Hq. Tactical Air Command, United States Air Force, Langley Air Force Base, Vn. Secretary and Neivsleiter Editor--HUGH J. McRAE, safety director, AVRO At.*.- mar Statistics and Contest Chairman (West)--LEE B. JOHNSON, chief safely engi- Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. '.netr, Northrop Aircraft, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. Newsletter Editor (East)--GEORGE LOUDON, ground safety director, Jig. 58tf? ifuJtVx and Contest Chairman (Central)--GEORGE II. BKECK, safely director, Denver Division (Defense), United States Air Force, Wright-Pntlcrson Air Force Base,.Q fDiY, The Martin Co., Denver, Colo. Newsletter Editor (Central)--RICHARD P. DENTNER, safety engineer, Rocketdy A Division of North American Aviation, Inc., Neosho, Mo. >' tlics and Contest Cltairman (East)--JOHN W. KENT, chief safely engineer, AVCO Research and Advanced Development Division, Lawrcmc, Mass. Neivsleiter Editor (West)--C. W. LOWREY supervisor, Health and Safety Office, . Range Planning Committee--HARRY J. WARREN (Chairman), director. Ground Personnel, Hughes Research and Development Laboratories, Hughes Aircraft Safety Hq. CONAC, Mitchell Air Force Base, Long Island, N .Y.; CLYDE B. Culver City, Calif. Senior Program Chairman (West)--JOHN D. DONOHUE, safety supervisor, Rohr HARLIN, chief, Ground Safety Div., Directorate of Personnel, Headquarters Oklahoma Gly Air Materiel Area, United States Air Force, Tinker Air Force Base, Okla.; R. T. HOMEWOOD, chief, Ground Safety Office, Headquarters Air Materiel Command, craft Corp., Cluda Vista, Calif; United States Air Force, Wright-Paltcrson Air Force Base, Ohio; H. S. NAISH, Propram Chairman (Central)--W. H. STAPLES, safety and medical supervisor, TEMC chief of employee services and safety, CONVAIR-- \ Division of General Dynamics Aircraft Corp., Dallas, Texas. $] Corp., Pomona, Calif. Program Chairman (East)--E. E. COLE, deputy chief. Ground Safety Office,quarters AMC (MCAS), Wright-Pattcrson Air Force Base, Ohio. Senior Education and Training Chairman (West)--M. M. CLANCY, general supei Safety, Insurance and Medical Services, The Ryan Aeronautical Co., Lindbergh San Diego, Calif. Education end Training Chairman (Central)--Pill'S) K. KKfENBURO, ground director, Hq. San Antonio Air Materiel Area, Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. Education and Training Chairman (Boat)--B. J. WILKE, JR., thief safety engi Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp., Bethpage, Long Island, N. Y. ry Representative--W. L. TUBBS, Colonel, USAF (Ret.), assistant for ground nftty, DCS/Personnel, Department of the Air Force, Washington, D. C. ii&ry Committee--E, P. MARCONI (Chairman), manager, Safety Branch, AERO, re., Tullahoma, Tcnn.; A. F. PAGNOTTA, chief safety engineer, Antnnctics--A Division of North American Aviation, Inc^ Bellflower, Calif.; F. R. TEMPI.F.. rhief fety engmect, CONVAIR--A Division >of QctWral Dynamic* Corp., Fort Worth, Texas; II. I. HEMPHILL safely jlircclor./AjReiraTtli Manufacturing Co., A Division W Garrett Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.; R. S. MOORE, safely director, Grumman Air* haft Engineering Corp., Bethpage, Long Island, N. Y.; M. L. ANDREWS, Et fegundo Div., Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., El Segimdo, Calif.; R. WILKINS safely limimstrator, North American Aviation, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif,"' Senior Engineering Chairman (Central)--FRED L. DENTON, general supervisor, Sal Section, Boeing Airplane Co., Wichita, Kan. i Engineering Chairman (East)--FRANKLIN KNIGHT JR., chief safety engineer, G' RepresenIoIuy--H0WARD H. WARZYN National Safet Division, Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Marietta, Ga. Engineering Chairman (West)--M. C. VAL DEZ, chief safely engineer, CONVA A Division of General Dynamics Corp., San Diego, Calif. O ^< Senior Industrial Hygiene Chairman (Central)--J. K. LEVEKETT, M.D.chief . physician, CONVAfR--A Division of General Dynamics Corp., Fort Worth, T OFFICERS OF THE A.i.r.li.nes, Inc., Tulsa, Okla. - -- - - . niimsiriai satciy, American AIR TRANSPORT SECTION _ NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 i.5t<itiJhVr Chairman--J. A. O'DONNELL, stall manager, Industrial Safely, American .'^('Airlines Inc., Flushing, N. Y. Military Representative--MAJOR C. V. CARSON, Air Force ' (College of Texas, College Station, Texas. ROTC Del. 805, AH! General Chairman--W. E. BERTRAM, superintendent, Industrial Safety ft Security,i. Northwest Airlines, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Pice-Chairman--DALE M. ESTF.LL, safety engineer, Trans World Airlines, Parkvillv Mo. Secretory--H. L. BUTLER, supervisor, Maintenance Manuals & Training, Eastern Air Lines, Colonial Div., Flushing, N. Y. Netvslettcr Editor--N. L. CHRISTOFFKL, staff su|criutcn<lcnt, Safety, United Air Lines, Stapleton Airfield, Denver, Colo. Education and Training Division Chairman--DOUGLAS R. MACKINTOSH, safety director, Alexander ft Alexander, New York, N. Y. Advisory Committee--JOSEPH M. CHASE, manager, Div. of Maintenance & Equip'y ment, Flight Safety Foundation, Inc., New York, N. Y, 5 D. D. GORDON-CAR*; MICHAEL, properties & safety assistant, Trans-Canada Airlines, Montreal, Quebec, `/...Canada; JEROME LEDERER, managing director, Flight Safety Foundation, Inc., /New York, N. Y.; E. T. LEE assistant director of security. Eastern Air Lines, Miami, Fla.; H. R. RODDA, secretary, Transportation Insurance Rating Bureau, Chicago, III.; H. W. SCHILLING, safety engineer, Trans World Airlines, Kansas City, Kan.; /COLONEL GILBERT E. TEAL, USAF, Deputy Commander, Hq AF Personnel A Training Research Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas; ). H. ' .WATERMAN, manager, Ground Safely, Trans World Airlines, Kansas City, Mu. SVta> ff Representative--HOWAliU If. WAUZYN, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Chairman--Poster Committee--SERGtO SOLIMAN, superintendent, Safety A Security* Dir., Philippine Air Lines, Inc., Manila, Philippines. 4: Chairman--Schools Committee--GEORGE H. CALDWELL, director of safely, Academy) of Aeronautics, Flushing, N. Y. : Chairman--Training Aids Committee--C. F. SCHAUB, ground safety director, Capital Airlines, Washington, D. C. Engineering Division Chairman--JOHN DfCKSON, fire & safety supervisor, Trans- ft Canada Airlines, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. . Chairman--Airport Committee--HERBERT KAUL, safety supervisor, Casualty, Inspec tion & Safety Div., The Port of New York Authority, New York, N. Y. Chairman--Cargo Comini//ee~-RAYMOND BRADY, staff assistant, Cargo Service, United Air Lines, Denver, Colo. 1 ,* CVwirmoH--Maintenance Coiumiftee--ALLEN W. DALLAS, director. Engineering Din* Air Transport Assn, of America, Washington, I). C. I, Health Committee Chairman--W. A. IlKIRNK, JR., supervisor. Engineering Dept. The Fidelity & Casualty Co. of New York, New York, N. Y. * Membership Division Chairman--CHARLES T. BURNF.Y, executive assistant, Transports-; tion Insurance Rating Bureau, Chicago, 111. Chairman--Local Service Lines Committee--ARTHUR E. SCIIWANDT, vice-president, industrial Relations, North Central Airlines, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Chairman--Service Operations Committee--RALPH ,F. DEE, ground safety engineer, United Air Lines, Denver, Colo. Off-the-fob Safety Chairman--L. CORUEIL, fire & safety supervisor, Trans-Canai; Airlines, Dorval, Quebec, Canada. Program Chairman--II. L. MORRIS, safety engineer, Eastern Air Lines, Inc., Miami, m $ 000/47 J5 1957 National Safety Congress -:a job. Otir objectives should include efforts to promote the safety of employees and their families by: maintaining a comprehen sive safety program for employees driving company owned vehicles; providing material on highway safety to aid employees driving the'u: own cars; encourage employees to develop safe practices in their homes, on the farm, or in recreational activities; par ticipating in community safety activities. EXTEND EFFORTS OFF-JOB The fruits of plant safety discipline should be shown in the olT-the-job activities of the emptoyee. If we have really sold him on the rules of conduct not only for ma chinery operation, but all phases of personal safety, then the employee will practice these rules not only in his own home, but also in driving his car or while using recreational facilities. This does not answer the question of how many days* suspension an employee should receive for an infraction of safety rules. I have purposely refrained from attempting to answer that question because in my opinion that is not a safety problem. The punishment for the infraction of rules is actually the responsibility of the ,i _ in conjunction with the Labor Department. Where there are many infraction) rules, it is probably due to the fact top echelon of the organization whole-heartedly in agreement with thenrj that the supervisor in immediate charge I used the rules as a matter of conve rather than as a matter of protectioaj the employee. Good safely discipline cannot be me by the number of people suspended for-l lation of safety rules but rather caa? measured by the spirit, the push, andfi sincerity with which top management ales the safety program. Safety dr is the direct result of sound, re~ logical rules of conduct as Tec hy the safety department, and enforced; all levels of management. Safety discipline depends on the aid and the manner in which the super carries out his day to day assignments contacts with the employee. Safety pline is the day to day activities of the ployee carrying on his routine duties only on the job, but also off the job.A cm OF THE CEMENT, QUARRY AND MINERAL AGGREGATES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairmon--SEYMOUR B. FLEMING, safely director, New York Trap Rock ..West Nyack, N. Y. l/er Editor--ROY G. STOTT, mining health and safely engineer, U. S. Bureau of Washington, D. C. |T shif Committee: PAUL IIEDLEY, chairman, vice-prcsidcnt-production, North .rkm Cement Co., New York. N. Y.; WHIT J. WISE, supervisor, Safely & Pcr- `. Southwest Stone Co., Dallas, Tex. Chairman--FRED E. STORCH, director, Safely & Personnel, The Whitehall t Mfg. Co., Cemenlon, Pa. 'Aids & Training Committee Co-Chairmen: C. S. HERZOG, industrial relations -*|er, Dravo Corp., Keystone Div., Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. B. IIOM1EZER, safety viior, Laverack & Haines, Inc., BufTalo, N. Y. `Job Safety Committee: H. F. JOHNSTON, chairman, The Ftmkboiiser Co., Titown, Md.; WALTER A. DEARTH, co-dr irmaii, General Crushed Slone Co., ton, Pa. \J, ' ``y Chairman--D. D. SEIPLE, JR., safety director, Standard Slag Co., Youngstown, tr Contest Committee: JOHN E. MACHISAK, chairman, acting chief Accident lysis Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; ROY STOTT, Co-Chair* tubdistrict supervisor, United States Bureau of Mines, District A, Washington, ring Chairman--ARVID TIENSON, lately director, Material Service Corp., 111. Representative--CLINTON II. HOCH, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. ( 0003-UH 0003 G i 1957 National Safety Congress PUBLISH CASE HISTORIES Still another letter recommended publish ing: actual case histories of the misuse of toxic chemicals and their results. Since the same toxic chemicals arc used in many laboratories or pilot plants, it would no doubt be worthwhile to make available in formation of this kind. Setting up a toxicology chart was another idea received. This chart could contain columns giving the name of the toxic material, maximum allowable concentration, appearance, the type of operation where this material would be used, how it is absorbed by the body, the symptorps, first aid and the. safe way to use the chettilrfl/41 $ These are all good ideas but your com mittee on Toxic Chemicals needs more in ffciH. Poisoning (Home and Farm), M is* Gleason, R. E. Gossclin, H. The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1957. I,1 15. Accidental Poisoning m Childhood, fc,| Edw. Press, American Academy of formation both on an expansion of the pre i'-f"'- Pediatrics, 1801 Hmman Ave., F.vans- ceding ideas listed as well as new ones.' K`. ton, III. RA 12I6-A52, 1956. It is the responsibility and moral obliga & 16. Toxic Solvents, Dr. Ethel Browning, tion of each of us to do what we can to further the cause of safe practices which Kii. fp Edw. Arnold 8c Co., London. RA 1270, S6B8, 1953. will prevent suffering and the loss of humai *\`H7. Handbook of Poisons, Dr. Robert II. life. Flense send your ideas on the use of toxic chemicals to R. V. Montello, Re-, Dreisbach, Lange Medical Publication, search Division, National Cash Register, Los Altos, Calif. RA 1211-D7, 1955. Company, Dayton 9, Ohio.^hk. 1; 18. Poisons--Their Isolation and Identifi- t - cations, Frank jBamford, The Blakis- ton Co., Philadelphia. RA 12H-B23, i95i. Cltetnicm Industries M- invention of BlmdiieVjVulnc., 1790 "`Broadway, New York I94^Nj Y., $1.00. 28. Clinical Toxicology, by Thicnes and Haley, 457 pages, Lea & Fcbigcr, Philadelphia, 1955. 29. Handbook of Toxicology, Vol. 1, F.dited by W. S. Spcctor, 4U8 pages, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1956. 30. Toxicity of Industrial Organic So! vents, by E. Browning, 411 pages, l>V vised American Edition, 1953, Chcmii.d Publishing Co., New York 10, N. Y. 31. Assoc. Brit. Client. Mfgrs. Safety rules for use in chemical works. Pt. I-- Model rules, 3rd ed., 1947. Pt. 2--De tailed instructions, 1950. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ^ 19. Manufacturing Chemists' Assoc. CheiniT,: ral Safety Data Sheets (covering about 70 chemicals) complete list of publica- 32. Atomic Energy Commission. Effects of otomic wtafons. Combat Force Press, 1950. Prepared by: Toxic Chemicals Committee, : dons available from Manufacturing Laboratory and Pilot Plant Group, . Chemists' Assoc., Inc., 1625 Eye St., *; N. W., Washington 6, D. C. (Refer Chemical Section of the National Safety Council - also to Warning Labels Manual, Man ual L-l) i This compilation of references on toxic chemicals is made possible through the coop eration of the following committee members : John E. Fox, safely director of the Mon santo Chemical co., Texas City, Tex.; Robert A. Quisno, president, Ilill Top Re search Institute, Inc., Miamivillc, Ohio and Ralph V. Montello, head, materials dept., Research Div., National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio. Assistance was also given by J. U. Black, department of health, education, and welfare; A. H. Christian, American Viscose Corp.; H. II. Fawcett, General Electric Co.; and J. N. Romine, Phillips Petroleum Co. The scope of this work is aimed at pre senting a list of references on the toxic chemicals useful to members of the chemical industry. It covers books and periodicals. BOOKS 1. Toxicology and Hygiene of Industrial Solvents. Lclnnami and Flury, The Williams & Wilkins Co. 2. The Symptoms and Treatment of Acute Poisoning, C. II. W. Lucas, Toronto, Clarke, irwin 8: Co., Ltd., 1952. 3. Handbook of Emergency Toxicology, by Sidney Kaye, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1954. 4. Accident Prevention Manual for I* diislrial Operations, 3rd Edition, N* tionnl Safety Council, I95S. 5. Dangerous Properties of Industrial hit tcrinh, by Sax, J957. (This book if the latest work by Sax and follows Ms }" 20. National Safely Council Industrial ' Data Sheets (covering about 40 chemi cals) complete list available Irom Na tional Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago II, Illinois. 21. Chemical Safety, Supervision, by J. Handbook of Dangerous Material!) "f Guclich, 221 pages, Reinhold Pub. 6. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Corp., New York, 1956, $4.50. New York, Intcrscicncc, 1947. v. 12 22. Modern Occupational Medicine,' by 7. Manufacturing Chemists Association Safety in the chemical laboratory. New ' :. Fleming, D'Alonzo and Zapp, 414 pages, Lea it Fcbigcr, Philadelphia, 1954. - York, Van Nostrand, 1954. , 23. Poisoning, by W. F. von Oetlingcn, 8. Pieters,. Honorc A. Safety chemical laboratory. London, in lit Butter- . . worth, 1951. 524 pages, Paul B. Hocber, Inc., De* parlmcnt of Harper & Bros., New ` York 16, N. Y. 9. National Safely Council. Supervisor! " 24. Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, in safety manual. Chicago, 1956. two volumes, by F. A. Patty, 1138 pages, Inlcrscicnce Publishers, Inc., 10. Association of British Chemical Mam ; New York, 1949. 1 faclnrcrs. Safety rules for use u chemical works. London, 1952. . 11. Macfarlanc. Donald I. Safely in iniu try; and introduction to the protectK* of Personnel. New York, Philosophies Library. J955. 12. Blake, R. P., cd. Industrial safety, : 25. Industrial Toxicology, by Hamilton & Hardy, second edition, 574 pages, Paul B. Hocber, Inc., Harper & Bros., New V York, 1949. 26. /ndtulrifll Toxicology, by FairhalJ, 483 pages, Williams & Wilkins Co., Haiti- T more, 1949. ed. New York, Prcnticc-Hall, 1953. .27. Toxic Eye Hazards, Pub. No. 494, 101 13. The Merck Index of Chemicals ad fj pages, The National Society for the Drugs, Merck & Co., Inc., 1952. M 33. Blout, E. R. Monomers. Intcrscicncc, 1951. 34. Browning, E. Toxic solvents. E. Arn old & Co., London, 1953. 35. Elkins, H, B. Chemistry of industrial toxicology. Wiley, 1950. 36. Crelich, J. Chemical safety supervi sion. Reinhold, 1956. 37. Hamilton, A. Industrial poisons in the United States. Macmillan, 1929. 38. Henderson, Y. fit Haggard, H. W. Noxious gates, 2nd cd. Reinhold, 1943. 39. Jacobs, M. B. Analytical chemistry of industrial poisons, hazards and solvents, 2nd cd. Inlerscicncc, 1950. 40. Johnstone, R. T. Occupational disease.*. Samidcr, 1942. 41. Johnstone, R. T, Occupatiunal medicine and industrial hygiene. C. V. Moshy Co., 1948. 42. Lehmann, K, B. & Flury, R. Toxi cology and hygiene of industrial sol vents. 43. McNally, W. D. Toxicology--Indus trial Medise. Industrial Medicine, Chicago, 1937. 44. Manufacturing Hictnisls' Assoc. Gen eral safely guide for safety in the chemical laboratory. Van Noslrand. 1954. 45. Sax, N. -1. Handbook of dangerous materials. Reinhold, 1951. 44 45 195? National Safety Congress ooo3f;a Chemical Industries 46. Von OeUingcn, VV. F. Halogenated hydrocarbons, toxicity and potential dangers. U. S. Public Hcaltfi Service, Pub. No. 414, 1955. 47. Bjorlcsten Research Laboratories. Health hazards (of polyesters) Pages 247-52, 558-61, in book "Polyesters and their applications" Reinhold, 1956. 48. Williams, J. L. Sc K. J. CJeercman, Physiological properties of polystyrene. Page 491 in Chapt. 10 of book 12. Physically toxic chemicals and indus trial hygiene. J. C. McGowan. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Health 11:315-23, April, 1955. 13. Power engineering handbook; maxi mum aftoivable concentrations of toxic vapors and gases. J. D. Constance Power Eng. 60:122, March, 1956. 14. Annals of medicine; case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. B. Roueche. New Yorker. 31 :JS-6, Feb. 26, 1955. 27. Studies on the toxicity and sk of compounds used itt the rs plastics industries; neeetrrni .. valors, and antioxidants. F. S. Mallctle and E. von Haam. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hygiene and Occup. Med. 5:311-I7, April 1952. 28. Toxic metals cause new industrial disease problems. W. Schweishcimer. Iron Age. 168:159-60, Dec. 6, 1951. March 21, 1957. 41. Investigation of Accident Involving Tifmiinm onrf Red Fuming Nitric Acid, Dec. 29, 1953, Information Circular 7711, U. S. Bureau of Mines. 4800 Forbes Street, Pittsburgh 13, Pa. (March 1955); see also Injury and "Styrene, its polymers, copolymers and derivatives," ed. by R. H. Boundy & R. F. Boyer. Rcinhold, 1952. PERIODICALS 1. Gleason, Marion N. Clinical toxicology of commercial products, Fums and MacEachern, 1957. 2. Dreisbach, Robert H. Handbook of 15. Engineering phases of plants health control. W. A. Cook. Chem. & Eng. News. 29:1517-18, April 16, 1951. 16. field of chemical hygiene. H. F. Smyth, Jr., Chem. & Eng. News. 29:1196-7, March 26, 1951. 17. Horn to get rid of toxic industrial wastes. Eng. News., 146:300-1, Jl. 14, 29. Toxieily of ethylene dibromide deter mined on experimental animals. V. K. Rowe & others. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hygiene tc Occup. Med. 6:158-73, August 1952. . 30. Toxicological study of some polypro pylene glycols. C. B. Sliafler and others. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hy giene & Occtip. Med. 3:448:53, May Death from Red Fuming Nitric Acid, by A. J. McAdams, Jr. and S. Krop, J.A.M.A. J58, 1022-1024 (July 23, 1955); and Nitrogen Dioxide, Hy gienic Guides available at 25c from American Industrial Hygiene Assoc., 14125 Prevost, Detroit 27, Michigan. 42. 1,1,1-Triehloroethane, Hygienic Guide, available at 25c front American In poisons. Lange, 1955, 3. Decomposition products introduce hat- ord to health. H. If. Schrcnk. Ind. & Eng. Chem. 47: sup 87A-8-A, Dec. 1955; 4. Increased industrial use of sireonhm has stimulated studies to evaluate health hazard. Ind. & Eng. Chem. 46; supp 99A-100A+, Dec. 1954. 5. Criteria for, the diagnosis of occupa tional illness. R. A. Keltoe Ind. hied. 24:427-42, Oct. 1955. 6. Hazardous exposure to some so-called safe solvents. J. P. Hngcs. Nat. Safe. News 70:50, Dec. 1954. 7. Evaluation of' toxicity. R. S. Ingafs. bibliog. Sewage St Ind. Wastes 27:26-33, Jan. 1955. 8. Bronchial asthma and Asthmatic bron chitis in the chemical industry. U. . ' Lerner. Ind. Med. 24:454-8, Oct. 1955. 9. Mellan, lbert and Mcllan, Eleanor. 1951. 18. Medical aspects of the industrial hy giene program. J. H. Sterner. Chem. 4 Eng. News. 29:1399-401, April 9, 1951. 19. Prevention of accidents when handling chemicals. R. Windcrtich. J. Chem. Educ. 27:670-3, Dec. 1950. 20. Sulfuric acid; hazards and precautions; data sheet. Nat. Safely N. 63:39-40+, May 1951. 21. Toxic effects of exposure to vapors of aliphates amines. II. Brieger A W. A. Hades. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hygiene and Occtip. Med. 3:2S7-9l, March 1951. 22. 7'o.ric substances; their properties, ef fects, and controls. Management dels sheets. Factory Management, 108:1% 138, 140, Dec. 1950. 109:142. 144, Jan 19S1. 23. How to control hazardous substances G. A. Sherman. Safety Maint. 4: Prod) 1951. 1 dustrial Hygiene Assoc., 14125 Prevost, 31. Amyl acetate; hazards and precautions; data sheet. Nat. Safety News 68:30-1+, August 1953. 32. Chemical hazards in glass and ceramic industries. J. A. Houghton. Glass Ind. 34:369-371, July 1953. 33. Experience accumulated in three years of mi occupational medical clinic. II. L. Hardy. Ind. Med. 21:424-6. Sept. 1952. Detroit 27, Michigan; sec also Nat. Safely Council Safely Data Sltccl. 1,1,1-Trichlorocthane, available May l. |957 from Nat. Safety Council, 425 W. Michigan Avenue, Chicago II, mi nis. . 43. Hazards of Isocyanates ia Polyure thane Foam Plastic Production, by J, A. Znpp, A.M.A. Arrhivcs of Indus trial Health, 15, 324-330, April 1957. 34. Health; mere cor* ii needed. G. G. Carr. Iron Age. 170:21-2, Dee. 25, ` 1952. j 44. The Mean Amines, by P. J. Bailey, National Safely News, 74, p. 61, Nov, 1956, 35. How safe are safely solvents? M. Z. : PoliakolT. Nat. Safety News. 67:28-9+, Feb. 1953. I 36. Studies in the toxicity and skin effects 45. Dry Ice (COi), Chemical Safely Dala Sheet, National Safety Counril, 425 N. ' Michigan Avenue, Chicago II, Illinois. 46. Accident Prevention in Childhood-- of tomppnnd-t used in the rubber and The Kerosene Hazard, by Jlngb A. plasties industries. F. S. Mnllette ft E. ' von Haam. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Carillicrs, J.A.M.A. 159, 109-111, Se|.l. 10. 1955. Med. Occup. Med. 5:311-17; 47. Let's Stop Kilting and Crippling Our 6:231-42, April, Sept. 1952. Children, by H. F. Dietrich, Ladies' , Dictionary of poisons. New York, 103 :62-4, June 1952. 37. Xylene and toluene; hazards and pre-> Home Journal, LXXlf, No. 9, p. 84. Philosophical Library, 1956. 24. Maximum allwable concentrations. R cautions; data sheet. Nat. Safety News. Sept. 1955. 10. Health mid softly problems increase as II. Schrcnk. Ind. 8r Eng. Chem. 43: 68:38-9+, August 1953. 48. Public Health Aspects of Poisoning, commercial production and industrial applications of hydrosine increase. H. H. Schrenk. Ind. & Eng. Clicm. 46: sup 93A-95A, Aug. 1954. 11. Cmmimnirafioits filter mid problems of a toxicology laboratory working for industry. H. F. Smyth, !r. AM.A. Archives Ind. Health 15: 269-73. April, 1957. sup 105A-106A+, Dec. 1951. 38. Current method of determining saftty 25. Organic polyphosphates; safe manta in the application of new chemicals. of handling them. Nat. Safety Nets T. W. Nalc. Ind. Med. 20:501-6, Nov. 64:124-6, Dec. 1951. i;. 1951. . 26. Safe handling of hazardotts materials 39. Toxicity and Health Hazards of Boron L. B. Johnson and R. D. Lawrence Hydrides, by E If. Krackow, A.M.A. Mill and Factory. 50:134-8, Maid ' Archives of Industrial Hygiene and 1952. Occupational Medicine, 8, 335-339, Oct. 1953. by ll Press, J.A.M.A. 163, 1330-2; How Toxic Is III, by R. E. Gosscliu, J.A.M.A., 163, 1333-7; Practical Man agement of Common Poisoning, by I. M. Arena, J.A.M.A., 163. 1341-3; Manufacturer Looks at Child Potion- Ing. by J. If. Foulger, J.A.M.A. 163, 1344-7, April 13, 1957. 49. Operational Memoranda on Economic Poitou, by Tcdt Dcvd, I.nb, CRC PO 46 i. .,v' J9S7 National Safety Congress 0003G-1 Chemical Industries 769, Savannah, Ga., Revised April 1, 1956. 50. Industrial Hygiene Digest, Monthly, published by Industrial Hygiene Foun dation, 4400 fifth Ave., Pittsburgh 13, Pa. 51. A.M.A. Arch, of Industrial Health, monthly, published by The American Medical Assoc., 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago 10, Illinois. 52. American Industrial Hygiene Assoc., Quarterly, published by the A.I.H.A., ' Howard N. Schulz, Editor, 605 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, Illinois. 53. Bulletin of Hygiene Reprints, Monthly, Bureau of Hygiene & Tropical Dis eases, Keppel St., Gower Street, W.C. 1, London, England. 54. Special Hazards Bulletins of the Assoc. Casualty and Surety Companies, 60 John St., New York 38, N. Y. 55. Survey of Compounds tVhich Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity, . 2nd Ed., by J. L. Hartwell, 583 pages, Public Health Service Pub., No. 149, ' 1951, U.S.G.P.O., Washington, D. C., \ $4.25. ,4 56. Data Sheets on Toxic Chemicals issued i by American Industrial Hygiene Assoc., 14125 Prevost, Detroit 27, refs. Reinforced Plastics v, SPI 78. MacDougall, J.D.B. studies in evaluating health hazards of food Confer. 1951, Sect. 16. ' on silicone ` rubbers a -jiub*. 'packaging materials. Ind. Eng. Chem. 64. Coleman, E. H. & C. A. Thomas stances. Nature 172, 1 1953). ' 47, sup. 95-6^:(^)ct., 1955). Products of combustion of chlorinated plastics, J, Appl. Chem. 4, 379-83 79. McKinley, C. Scott. Practical experi - 96. Schrenk,- ^Decomposition prod ucts introduce hazards to health (1954). . . 65. Crauch, A. G. Toxicity of some of the Y ences with dangers and ilfncsses from plastics. Ind. Med. 16, 432-4 (1947). (Teflon) Ind. Eng. Chem. 47, Sup. 87-8A (Dec., 1955). inewer plastics. Ind. Med. 15, 168-70 (1946). 66. Erwin, J. R. Fiberglas plastics. Indus- . 80. McKinley, C. Scott. Practical precau tions with plastics. Occupational Haz ards 10, No. 3, 14, 38 (1948). 97. Schrenk, H. H. Isocyanate toxicology. Ind. Eng. Chem. 47 sup. 107-8A (June, 1955). trial medical aspects and experiences. ' 81. 5! 1 Mallete, F. S. & E. von Haam. Toxi 98. Schrenk, II. H. Toxicology of zyn- Ind. Med. 16, 439-41 (1947). s * . city and skin effects of compounds thelie resins. Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, sup. 67. Goss, A. E. 8t A. M. Ross. Effective te- * used in (he rubber and plastics indus I03-4A (April, 1956). control of lead dust in manufacture of' vinyl plastics. ASME Paper #52, . A-159 meeting, Nov., Dec. 1952. 68. Grimaldi, J. V. Hazards of synthetic plastics. Mech. Eng. 72, 987-9 (1950). 69. Kaskie, J. C. Toxicity of 2-elhyfhexyl diphenyl phosphate; studies of the ex-1 traction of Santiciser 141 from poly vinyl chloride films by foodstuffs under various conditions of storage Arch Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 281-3 (Sept., tries. 1. Accelerators. 2. Plasticizers. ii 3. Carcinogenicity of carbon block ex tracts. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 5, 311-17 (1952); 6, 231-42 (1953). 82. Morris, G. E, Condensation plastics: their dermatological and chemical as pects. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 5, 37-43 (1952). ' Morris, G. E. Synthetic rubbers. Their chemistry dermatological aspects. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 540-6 (1953). 99. Schwartz, L. How to guard against dermatitis. Plastics (Chicago) 3, No. 5, 48-52, 8Q-4 (1945). 100. Sherwood, R. J. Title unknown--on toxicity of ICI's Fluon, a polytetrafluoroethylene. Trans. Assoc. Ind. Med. Off. 5, 10 (1955). 101. Snell, Foster D. What arc the hazards of new materials (melamines) Foster Dee Snell Bull., 19*16. 1953). 70. Lehman, A. J. & W. L. Patterson. FDA acceptance criteria; determining 84. Morris, G. E. Vinyl Plastics. Their dermatological aspects. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 535-9 (1953). 102. Sundcrman, F.W. & II.II. Hoag. Irri tating and sensitizing effects of two polymeric plasticisers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Med. 9, 210-11 (March 1954). safety of chemicafs used in food pack t ? 86., 87.--omitted. aging materials. Mod. Packaging 28, 115-20 (1955). ` [ Oser, B. L. Evaluating safety of 103. Swenson, A., et al. Title unknown--on toxicology of isocyanlet used in lac 71. Lehman, A. J., et al. Procedures for chemicals in packaging materials, Bibliog. Food Eng. 27, 57-9 (April, 1955). quers. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 12, 60 (1955). Michigan. the appraisal of the toxicity of chetni- 57. Toxicological Reviews of the Amcri- cals in food, drugs and cosmetics. Food,'' " can Petroleum Institute, Dept, of Drug, Cosmetic J. 10, 679 (Oct, 1955),/ ' Safety, 50 W. 50th St., New York 72. Lehman, A. J. Title Unknown-on,f Penn. Dept. Labor &; Industry. Safe guarding of health in1 the plastics in dustry. Safe Practice Bull. No. 88, Jan., 1942. \ 104. White, R. B. Dust irritation problems in fabricating reinforced plactics. Mod. Plastics 32, 129, 227 (Nov., 1954). 105. Wilson, R.H. & W.E. McCormick. Gty, N. Y. ' 58. American Petroleum Institute. API toxicological reviews. 1st series, 1948; safety in food packaging. Assoc. Food? 8c Drug Off., U. S. Quart. Bull. 19, 87 (1955). . /, Penn. Dept. Labor & Industry. Safety in the manufacture and application of acrylic plastics. Safe practice Bull. 95, , Toxicology of plastic component* and solvents. Ind. Med. 8c Surgery 23, 479-86 (Nov., 1954). 2nd series, 19S3. 63 reviews. 73. Lieber, E. E. Dermatitis~an Industrie May, 1942. , 106. Wilson, R.H. r W.E McCormick. 59. Amer. Cyanamid. Co. Toxicology of ' acrylonitrile, August 1954. 60. Anon. Barrier greases protect workers; deimatites from synthetic glues and resins, Chem. Age. 73, 739-40, October 1955. 61. Barait, L. C. Biology of plastics. SPE Journal 9, #1, 14-5, 1953. problem. Brit. Plastics 28, 428 (Oct/; 1955). i* 74. Little, G. E. Formaldehyde in derma-' - titis attributable to synthetic resin glues. Brit. Select Govt. Res. Repls. V. 7--Adhesives, 1950. if75. Loeser tt Bornmann. Biological effects"' of monomeric styrene. Fette, Seifea Austrichmittle J<f, (3). 181 (1956). 41 Plastics Materials Mfg. Assoc. Contact . dermatitis from synthetic resin adhe- . , sivts. 1945. ' r1 Title: unknown--a compilation of taxi cologicol information on some of the more important materials used in plas Pokrovslcii, V. A. Professional hazards in the production of synthetic rubber (in Russian). Gigicna i, Sinit, 3953, No. 9. 17-23. tic manufacture. Summarizes data from 78 published reports. Ind. Med. 8c Surg. 24, 491 (1955). 107. Anon. Safe containers hold organics i93. Rogers, J. C. Industrial hygiene prob for irradiation--Nucleonics 14, 51 (Aug., 1956). 62. Berger, L. B., et a). Toxicity and flame resistance of f/irrmo-setting plastics, U. S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 4134,- October 1947. 63. Bradley, W. R. Industrial hygiene conlidcraliom in manufacture of rein forced plastics (polyesters) 9pp. 17 76. Luvoni, R. Dermatitis from fiend-jl cresolic resins. Ross. med. ind. 22.J1 333-6 (1953). 77. McCormick, W. E. Industrial health^! problems in the rubber industry, Aa* Jnd. Hyg. Qmrl, 13,37-51 (1952). -5 lems in the field of plastics. Arch. Ind. Health 12, 749-1 (Oct.. 1955). 94. Salvlni, M. Occupational sickness in manufactures of phenolic resins. Folia Med. (Naples) 36, 691-9 (1953). 9S. Schrenk, H. H. Basic considerations 108. AEC. Control of radialion hazards in the Atomic Energy Program, July, 1950. 109. Graham, R. G. Industrial alom, AEC experimental program on reactor safely. TID-8009, Feb., 1956. 40 nuMf. *^1957 National Softly Congress 000305 Chemical Industries I JO. Nat. Acad, Set. Biological effects of 125. Canada Dept, of Health. Ni|rous,(ume atomic rodhtion. A report to the pub poisoning, 1941 RL Ff. dichloroclhylcfie jmisoning. Ar Hyg. Occup. Med. 10, 130-3 .1 .152 Spencer, H. G. cl al. Response of lahorMorv animals to monomeric sty lic. 1956. 126. Carpenter, C. P., et al. Inhalation of 146. McCarrol), C. F. Hazard of mercury rene. J. Ind. Hyg. Tor. 24, 295-301 111. Nat. Acad. Set. Biological effects of atomic radiation. Summary report, 1956. 112. Spiers, F. W. Radiation hazards in the ' scientific and industrial use o( atomic energy. Chem. & Ind. J9S5, 1447 (Nov. S). 113. Nat. Bur. Stand. Maximum pemiis.. sible amounts of radioisotopes in the .. human body and maximum permissible ' concentrations in air and water. NBS ' Hdbk. 52, March, 1953. 114. Lehman, A. J. Some toxicological rea sons why certain chemicals may or may not be permitted as food additives. Assoc. Food Drug Off. Bull. 14, 82-9$ Only, 1950). 115. Mackenzie, E. F. V/. Effects of alka- tfiene upon water riualify. ] lust. Water Engineers 5, 596-605 (1951). 116. Mfg. Chem. Assoc. Chemicals in foods. Symposium held i Nov York City, 1952. I,3-lmtndicm-f; a comparison of its narcotic effects with that of btnsent, toluene and styrene by human subjects. J, Ind. Hyg. fox. 26, 69-78 (1944). vapor in analytical petroleum labora tories. Ilur. Mines Rept. Invest. 3475 (1939). (HI. Mallctte, F. S. Industrial hygiene in 127. Carpenter, C. P., et af. Toxicity and and hazards of dibutyl kentone vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 377-fif (1953). ' synthetic rubber manufacture. Ind. Med. J2, 495-9 (1943). Il42 Monsanto, Org. Div. Toxicology and i dermatology of pcntacMorophenol and 128. Cellulose Flastics Mfgrs. Assoc. Safe sodium pcntachlorphcnate, 1942. guarding fiyroryline plastic, Jan., 1937. (43. Mocgis, G. G., el al. Review of litera- 129. Climenko, D. R., et al. Leucotoxic ac ' ture on health hazards of beryllium and tion of bentol. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 24, its compounds. Bur. Mines Rept. 289-92 (1942). . Invest. 7574. (1950). 130. Davenport, S. J., et al. Review of (44. Potzani, VJ. C., ct al. Subacule vapor fluorine and its compounds in the min toxicity and range-finding data for ing allied industries. Bur. Mines Circ. ethyl acrylate. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 31, 7087, 1954. 311-26 (1949). ; 131. Deichmann, W. Toxicity of methyl, |4S. Public Health Service. 1. Method for ethyl and n-butyl methacrylate. J. Ind. quantitating neuromuscular irritability. Hyg. Tox. 2J, 343-51 (1941). The effect of certain drugs on the 132. Downing, J. G-, et al. Dermatitis from cashciv nut shell oil. J. Ind. Hvg. Tox. 22, 169-74 (1940). ' neuromuscular apparatus. 2. Pharma cologic arlion of some alcho/ic phos phoric esters. Nat. Health Scrv. Bull. 165 (1936). (1942). 153 . Von Octtingcr, W, I*., et al. 2-ehlom- butadiene (chloroprcnc) : its toxicity and pathology and (he mechanism of its action, J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. IS, 240-70 (1936). 154. Beilis, M. P. Hazardous chemicals. Alpha Clu Sigma 40, 3-16 (Oct., 1949). 155. Brit. Dept. Sci. St Ind. Res. Methods for detection of toxic gases in industry. 156. Foulgcr, J. H., Toxic vapors and gases. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 28, 6W-8 (1936). 157. Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Tran sactions of the Chemical Toxicological and Engineering Conference, 1952. 158. Labor Stand. Bur. Discussion of in dustrial accidents atwl diseases. 1936 Convention of International A>;soc. Industrial Accident Boards ami l uni missions. Bull. 10 (l9j/). 159. McLean. IV 1' Dust rotund to ml. try. Canada. NRf, `11^ R<pt (19S0). * 117. Nat. Res. Council, Food & Nutrition Bd. Use of chemical additives in foods. , Dec.. 1951. , 118. Sale, J. W. Regulatory problems in the food flavoring industry. Assoc. Food Drug Off. U. S.'Quart. Bull. 17, #4-- . (Oct., J953). 119. Nat. Soe. Prevention of Blindness. Industrial first aid in chemical injuries of the eye. Pub. 419, 1944. ' 120. Adams, E. M. et al. Acute vapor toxi city of o/lyl chloride. }. hid. )lyg. 37, 79-86 (1940). 121.-Anon. Safe . sproying practice. Org. Finishing 6, #1, 25-32; #2 24-28, 47; #3, 23-7 (Jan.-March, 1945). 122. Barnes, E G, et al. Determination of formaldehyde in air. j. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 24, 10-17 (1942). 133. Dudley, H. C-, et al. Toxicology of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide). 1. Study 146. Public Health Service. Study of of the acute toxicity: 2. Study of ' chronic tncrniriulism in the hatters' effects of daily inhalation. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 21, 27-36, 255-8 (1942). fur-cutting industry. Pub. Health Serv. Bull. 234 (I9J7). 134. Elkins, H. U., et al. Determination of atmospheric contaminants. 1. Organic jt7. * Rowe, V. K., ct a). Determination of monomeric styrtne in air. J. Itwl. Hyg. halogen compounds. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. Tox. 25, 348-53 (1943). j 19, 474-fiS (19J7). Rowe, V. K , cl al. Results of toxi 135. Fribcrg, L., cl al. Toxicitics of tri cological studies on some commercial chloroethylene and Irlniehloroelhylent, silicones. Dow Chcm. Co., 1948. and Fnjiwara's pyridine-alkali rcactimllI. Sayers, R. R., et al. Hazard of hydro for trichloroacelic acid. Acta Plinrw. gen fluoride poisoning in the material Tox. 9, 303 (1953). and allied industries. Bur. Mines Rept. 136. Gadberry, H. M. When you use or Invest. 7311 (1945). ganic solvents. Nat. Salcty News 1931, ). Schrcuk, II. H. Toxicity of oxides of 24-5, 68-9 (December). ttifropm and hydrogen peroxide. Ind. 137. Hendry, J. A., ct al. Cytotoxic agcnli Eng. Chcm. 47, sup. 93A (Fcb,, 1955). I. Mcthyhhmindes with tumor irrhibi 'l. Smyth. II. F., et al. Some pharma- tary activity and related inactive com 1 cological proj>crties of polyethylene 160. Monsanto, Org. Div., Res. Library. Toxicological Research. News & Notes, No. 36 (Dec., 1951). 101. Navy Dept. Industrial poisons and dan gerous substances. General Safety Rules, Sect. 4. 1931. 162. Public Health Scrv. Occupational and related dermatoses, abstracts from the literature July 1943--Dec. |95J. PBS Bull. No. 12, 1954, by D. J. Birming ham, et al. 163. Stewart, W. R. Gases in wartime plants. Safety Eng. 86, No. 4, 48, 50-2 (1943). 164. Anon. Prevention of atmospheric and water pollution in the chemical indus try. Chem. & Ind. 1935, 1363. 165. Iloak, R. D. Theory and practice in stream pollution control. Sci. Monthly 75, No. 3, Sept., 1952. 123. Blank, I, et af. Studies of organic fluorine compounds. IV. Synthesis of esters of fluorooxnloaeitic and of fluorofyrmne ccid. 1. Chcm. Soc. 1955, pounds. Drit J. Pharmacology 6, 201-31 (1951). 138. Kosnfc, A. I. Chemistry of cigarette smoke and its relation to lung c?ncer glycols of high molecular weight (carbowax compounds) J. Bid. Hyg. Tox. 24, 281-4 (1912). 166. Stairmand, C. F., ct al. Role of tire cyclone in reducing atmospheric pollu tion. Chcm. ft Ind. 1955, 1324.^. 2190. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Scr. Jfo 124. Bourne, L. B. Industrial hazard of 585 (May, 1952). dicldorothylene. Med. lavoro 4-3, 259-60 U9. McBirney, R. S. Trichloroethylene (1952). 50 1957 National Safety Congress out that liquid oxygen is commonly rc(erred to as LOX in the Missile and Rocket Industry. The oxygen manufac turers were not aware of this practice but felt that it should be discouraged because for many years the term LOX has stood for liquid oxygen explosives in which liquid oxygen is only a part. Also, tanks, sold under such trade names as LOX and LOXETTE, may be used for the storage and handling of many liquefied gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, etc. At that meeting the group suggested that the secretary of the International Acety lene Assn, lake steps to discourage this usage. The secretary of the IAA wrote several letters to principals of the Rocket and Missile Industry. A safety engineer in the Air Force read the minutes of last year's meeting in the Chemical Section Safety Newsletter and contacted the IAA. Through bis efforts, the Air Force has taken steps to discontinue the use of the % term LOX.-This was reported la October 1957 issue of Missiles and cts in an article entitled "Liquid 0 Replaces LOX Abbreviation in 13 The Air Force is undertaking this lion to prevent dangerous and .... disastrous results of the use of the: LOX for liquid oxygen. The term will be deleted from alt USAF t orders and contracts including ficalion to the Department of _ that it also take steps to abolish t of the term LOX. . y, A member of the group reported had received a full tank car of _ compressed in long tubes manifold gclhcr. In attempting to open the ... outlet valve, they twisted the slang' He wanted to know how to release pressure. It was the group's recom.. tioii that the gas supplier be contae. any case where the valve is founds inoperative, whether it be on a tank1 or individual cylinder.^ ro 0003GG ICERS OF THE CHEMICAL si&TION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 s< N} 'V* 1 Chairman--CARROLL A. HEBERT, Ethyl corp.. Halo.. Rouge, La. ttrman in Charge of Program--U. L. ALLINSON, The Dow Chemical co., Texas Freeport, Tex. -A. B. RITTER, Hercules Powder co., Wilmington, Del. 'Her Committee: E G. MEITER, Chairman, Employers' Mutuals of Wausau, Mil- okee, Wis.; A. H. CHRISTIAN, American Viscose corp., Philadelphia, Pa.; J. T. OLINGER, Nitrogen Div., Allied Chemical St Dye corp., Hopewell, Va.; FRED RENTZ, Ho/Iman-Laroehe, Inc, Nntley, N. J. ' ring Committee: H. F. REINI1ARD, Chairman, Union Carbide and Carbon corp., 'ew York, N. Y.; F. C. GAUGUSH, Sherwin-Williams co., Chicago, 111,; D. I*. (YES, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, I). C.; PAUL C. LAMB, Brothers Company, New York, N. Y. Relations Committee: R. G. WIIEELDON, Chairman, The Drackrtt cn., CiminT Ohio; ALDO P. OSTI, Clias. Pfizer & co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. Sheet and Instruction Card Committee: H. II. FAWCETT, Chairman. General clric co., Schenectady, N. Y.; D. W. GIBSON, Cohmihia-Snuihrm Chemical Cor poration, Barberton, Ohio; J. N. KOMfNE, Phillips Research Center, Phillips Pctroi co., Bartlesville, Okla. W Committee: J. B. BLACK, Chairman, National Institutes of llrallh, Washington, JVC.; T. W. NALE, M.D., Union Carbide ft Carbon corp., New York. N. Y.; H. W. ItAPP, JR., The Travelers Insurance co., Hartford, Conn.; J. A. HOUGHTON, Jbertjr Mutual Insurance co., Boston, Mass. -ship Committee: J. J. I'RADULOS, Chairman, National Distillers Products corp., ew York, N. Y. ti end Visual Aids Committee: G. R. CUMMINGS, Chairman, Eli Lilly ft co., iodianapotis, Ind.; A. L. KL1NG, American Cyannmid co., New York, N. Y.; E. *"`)NER, The Chemstrand Corp., Pensacola, Fla. tits and Contest Committee: M. A. SNELL, Chairman, Hartford Accident and 'Indemnity co., Hartford, Conn.; T. J. LAN1GAN, General Electric ro., Syracuse, N. Y. the-lob Committee: E. R. WALLACE, Chairman, Eastman Kodak n*., Rochester, J,Y.; G. G. FLEMING, Cclnnese Corporation of America, Charlotte, N. C. :ling Committee for 1958-1959: J. J, WHALEN, Chairman, Solvay Process div., Chemical & Dye corp., Solvay, N. Y.; S. F. SPENCE American Cynnamid co., lew York, N. Y,; G. L. GORBELL, Monsanto Chemical co., St, Louis, Mo. Committee; R. II. ALB1SSKR, Merck & eo,, Inc., Rahway, N. J.; ALLEN L. COBB, Eastman Kodak co., Rochester, N. Y.; J. J. DUGGAN, Carbide ft Carbon Chem icals co., South Charleston, W. Va.; G. L. GORBELL, Monsanto Chemical co,, St. ids, Mo.; S. M. MacCUTCHEON, The Dow Chemical co., Midland, Midi.; E. J. MEYERS, E. I. DuPont de Nemours ft co., Inc., Wifmfnglon, Del.; S. F. SPENCE, erican Cyanamid co., New York, N. Y.; R. C. STRATTON, The Travelers Insurco., Hartford, Conn.; JOHN J. WHALEN, Solvay Process div., Allied Chemical Dye Corp., Solvay, N. Y. Representative--EDWIN L. ALPAVGif, National Safely Council, Chicago, Ilf. W- 59 CER5 OF THE 0003(J7 1W COAL MINING S ,.jDN NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman Emeritus--CHARLES FERGUSON, United Mine Workers of America, * !"gton, D. C. Chairman--GEORGE SAMBROOK, U. S. Steel Corporation, Coal Div., PiltsPa. '-e-Chairman--L. H. JOHNSON, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. I Vice-Chairman--JOSHUA SMITH, Eastern Gas and Fuel Associate, Mt. Hope, Yau 'i H. F. WEAVER, U- S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, I). C. efresenlative--CHARLES FERGUSON, United Mine Workers of America, WashD. C.; M. F. BRENNAN, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 7, eton, Pa.; JAMES LEEBER, JR., United Mine Workers of America, District "29, Beckley, W. Va. V ' eta Coal Representatives--). W. PERO, Pocahontas Fuel Company, Pocahontas, C E. LINKOUS, Island Creek Coal Co.. Holden, W. Va.; M. E. PRUNTY, Mehcm Mines corp., Jenkins, Ky.; WAYNE SNELL, U. S. Steel corporation, Coal , Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. L. HAIR, Colorado Fuel ami Iron, Pueblo, Colo.; FRANK LISEK, Freeman Coal corp., Benton, III.; GEORGE STACIIURA, Old Ben Coal West Frankfort, III.; E. E. QUENN, Peabody Coal co., St. Louis, Missouri. T: ~te Representatives--GEORGE CLARK, Reading Anthracite co., Poltsvillc, la.; RLES KACZINSKI, United Mine Workers of America, District No. I, Wilkcs- Pa.; W. W. EVERETT, Glen Alden corp,, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. "'{Associations' Representatives--J. B. BENSON, Southern Coal I'rodncrrs* AssociaWashington, D. C.; HARRY GANDY, Jit, National Coal Association, Wash . D. C.; FORI) SAMPSON. Ohio Coal Association, St. Clairsvillc, Ohio; &ORGE TREVORROW, Bituminous Coal Operators' Association, Washington, .C; GEORGE COLVILLE, JR., Jewel Mining Company, Paris, Ark. Bureau of Mines Representatives--M. J. ANKENY, U. S. Unreal: of Mines, WashD. C.; JAMES WESTFIELD, U. S. Bureau of Mines. Washington, D. C. "inspectors' Institute of America Representative--R. D. BRADFORD, U. S. Btireau Mines, McAlcsler, Okla. Mme Inspectors' Representatives--lf. J. DUSZ, Ohio Division of Mines, Colitmhtis, ; CRAWFORD WILSON, West Virginia Department of Mines, Charleston, OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 R$ OF THE PUBLIC EMPLOYEE SECTION "^NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Genera! Chairman--WILLIAM G. HAWKINS, director ol insurance & safety, Bros, co., Minneapolis, Minn. ^hoirman--CLARK J. FISCHER, safety engineer, City of Milwaukee safety *ion, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice-General Chairman--HENRY J. MASSMAN, III, vice-president, Massmao tion co., Kansas City, Mo. .-yf `'hairman--DANIEL F. MILC1IMAN, coordinator, New York city safety dept, of personnel, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairmen--(Heavy Division)--W. M. GOLDSTON. president. The Gol Corpus Christi, Tex.; (Highway Division)--SHELDON CARLSON, Park Construction co., Minnca|x>lis, Minn.; (Building Division) FRANK R*t DELL, president, Frank K. Rundcll co., Austin, Tex.; (Home Building Divisit W. HORTTOR, Kansas City, Mo.; (Special Division)--W. K. COX, sates manager, Caterpillar Tractor co., Peoria, 111. ice-Chairntan--M. VAN MECHELEN, safety engineer, Washington Stale dept, ays, Olympia, Wash. Chainttan--ALEX G. THOMPSON, safety engineer, City of l.os Angeles, .des, Calif. i .. 1 <\ Secretary--ROBERT L. MOORE, director of technical & engineering div., Mutual Casualty co., Chicago, III. ** Assistant Secretary--E. N. Z1NEU, president, Zincr Construction co., Malden, thoirman--JACKSON G. FLOWERS, Dade County safely director, Miami, -MRS. LOUISE RATNER, safety A claims examiner, Ohio dept, of highways, Nominating Committee Chairman--GEORGE P. O'ROURKE, SR., president, ,01 Construction co., Dallas, Tex. Netvsletter Committee Chairman--SAM S. ELKINS, chief, safety branch, Southpi Corp of Engineers, U. S. Army, Dallas, Tex. of Accident Control A Claims, Columbus, Ohio. # .Committee: Chairman--RALPH L. ALTUOUSE, personal injuries supervisor, `I Illinois div. of highways, Springfield, III.; Vice-Chairman--JOSEPH F. >S, supervisor of safety, City of Baltimore, Baltimore, M<1. Program & Publicity Committee: Chairman--HENRY T. PEREZ, editor, i 11 Methods & Equipment Magazine, New York, N. Y.; Vice-Chairman--Vf. sales promotion manager, Caterpillar Tractor co., Peoria, 111. ; ; Committee Chairman--II. P. GOODIN, safety director, City of Minneapolis, dlis, Minn. Membership Committee Chairman--HENRY J. MASSMAN, Ilf, vice-president, Construction co., Kansas City, Mo. :' ^jj p Committee Chairman--BAYNARD A. SWITZER, chief safely engineer, iia div. of highways, Sacramento, Calif. Sendee (Research & Screening) Committee: Chairman--R. J. HENDERSHOT Committee Chairman--DR. B. L. CORBETT, M.D., managing director, City of ager, A. G. C. of Minnesota, Mincapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--FRANK ILjj kee safety commission, Milwaukee, Wis. DRO, safety director, B.'Pcrini ft Sons, Inc., Framingham, Mass. VI M ii Engineering Committee: Chairman--JOHN L. JUNKERT. safety consultant, McLennan, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--RUDOLPH J. DEHLEY* Committee Chairman--WARREN D. WILT, safety engineer, City of Detroit, ' Mich. i. visor, construction engineer, Travelers Insurance cn., Hartford, Conn. Committee Chairman & Editor--GEORGE F. KUHNS, safely suj*cm*or, Visual Aids Committee: Chairman--DONALD F. MANGUSON, assistant div. of highways, Springfield, 111. A. G. C. of Minnesota, Minnc:i|to1is, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--LLOYD E Ilf trict engineer, Texas Employers Insurance Assn., Dallas, Tex. 'jKkqi !p Committee Chairman--DANIEL F. MILCIIMAN. Health Committee Chairman--N. GILLMORE LONG, M.D., chief surgeon, t: Mutual Casually co., Chicago, III. 11, Committee Chairman--TARVIA H. D. JONES, engineer-director of safely, Carolina State highway commission, Graham, N. C. Public Relations Committee: Chairman--ROBERT L. JENKINS, chief, of( Office of the Chief of Engineers, Dept, of the Army, Washington, D. C. J Vice* H. W. HEINTZ, safety director, John A. Volpe Construction co., Inc., Maid frtstnlative--CLEM F.NT J. LUEPKE, N ii w afet inV'V.ihcagdjnn/j ; * Division Secretaries: Heavy--WILLIAM BERRY; Highway--E. N. PET Building--MISS FANNIE DAVIS, executive secretary, Austin Chapter, A**H Austin, Tex.; Home Building--CLARENCE F. STURGEON, insuranceThe Home Builders Assn, of Chicago, Chicago, HI.; Specialty--W1LLJAM.H,.) MAN, Goodyear Tire & Rubber co., Chicago, III. Staff Representative--CLEMENT J. LUliPKK, National Safety Council, Chit 74 i t: 00U3C8 v< l OFFICERS OF THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 |Training and Publications Committee: K. STA NAT, Chairman, safely director, Magnetics, Inc., Butler, Pa.; J. R. DAVIS, chief of plant protection, The Hallicraftcrs co., Chi cago, III.; L. J. LACKNEH, director of personnel ft safely, While Sewing Machine co., Cleveland, Ohio; C. LANG, supervisor of safety, Weslinghonse Electric corp,, Meter Div., Newark, N. J.; J. V. BEECHER, chairman, Industrial Relations Stall, Strombcrg-Carlson Co., Div. of General Dynamics Corp., Rochester, N. Y. ICounselors and Association Committee: Past Chairmen--J. M. TKANSUE, Chairman, Security director, Philco corp., Philadelphia, Pa.; M. L. MILLER, supervisor of safety, General Chairman--E. E. GEBHART, supervisor of safety, Frigidaire Div., Generet ' Westinghouse Electric corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; E. K. TAYLOR, safety director, Zenith Motors corp., Dayton, Ohio. .Radio corp., Chicago, HI.; H. B. DUFFUS, administrator, accident prevention, Wesl- Secretary--G. W. KOCH, supervisor of safely, Western Electric co., Kearney We Kearney, N. J. Inghouse Electric corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. F. SCIILUETER, accident prevention (manager, Employers Mutual of Wausau, Wausau, Wis.; M. F. BIANCARDI, manager, f;Safety Services dept., Allis-Chalmers Mfg. co., Milwaukee, Wis.; C. N. FOGG, safety i director, Simplex Wire ft Cable co., Cambridge, Mass.; J. A. EDMONDS, vice-president, Staff Representative--PAUL E. SHEPPARD, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. ^Daniel Woodltead co., Chicago, III.; J. J. LAWLER, division safety engineer, Radio Vice-Chairman for Electronics Division--FRANK J. STORMER, Mgr., Safety ft J'l Protection, llotpoint Co., Chicago, III. Vice-Chairman for Heavy Apparatus Division--K. .1. TURTON, supervisor of safety] |Tube div., Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Emporium, I'a. t,, r - Westinghouse corp., Buffalo, N. Y. Vice-Chairman for Light Apparatus Division--E. L. GERDING, Leeds ft Northrup coj Philadelphia, Pa. ' Vice-Chairman for Electrical IFire and Cable Division--H. E. YOUNG, safety director! Rome Cable Co., Rome, N. Y. Newsletter Committee: J. J. MARINER (Chairman), safety director. Federal Teleg__ ft Radio co., Clifton, N. J.; M. I. GJERDE, senior engineer, American Mutual Liability Ins. co., Hackensack, N. J.; F. G. COFFEY, safety director, I.T.E. Circuit Breakn co., Philadelphia, Pa.; M. M. RHULAND, safety director, Landers, Frary & Clad New Britain, Conn.; R. P. SNYDER, safely engineer, Sylvanla Electric Products Inc, Altoona, Pa. Research and Engineering Committee: W. F. McCHESNEY, Chairman, safely director! Airborne Computer Laboratory, International Business Machines corp., Vestal, N. Y M. E. KULBERG, division safety engineer, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Wot Mass.; C A. SLAUGHTER, supervisor, Plant Protection ft Safety, Jack & Hemtd Inc., Cleveland, Ohio; W. G. MOORHEAD, Administrator, Safety ft Health DefC] Aircraft-Marine Products, Harrisburg, l'a.; C. 11. BOWLIN, safety director, Auacc Wire ft Cable co., Anderson, ld.; I*. G. PKKKGOY, supervisor of safety, Air*An] Div., Westinghouse Electric corp., Baltimore, Md. Program Committee: R. B. MARSHALL, Chairman, safety director, Traihnohile, lit,! Cincinnati, Ohio; G. MacDONALI), Self Insurers Services, Inc., Chicago, III.; S. J.J CURTIS, safety director, Burroughs Corp., Detroit, Mich.; R. A. WRIGHT, manager,! Safely ft Security Dept., Farnsworth Electronics co., Fort Wayne, Ind.; R. L. BARTT LETT, supervisor of safely, Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. I A&' Membership Committee: G. K. SMITH, Chairman, safely director, Champion LanfJ Works, Lynn, Mas.; H. J. JENNINGS, supervisor of safety, General Electric ,] Lynn, Mass.; E. T. SCHRECK, safely director, Sunbeam corp., Chicago, III.; 0.1 LEONARD, safety engineer. Simplex Wire ft Cable co., Cambridge, Mass.; K. Jj FERRARI, sales manager ft engineer, Excel Electric Service co., Chicago, III. At 000300 d.1 OFFICERS OF THE , PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION ^ NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 i ict-Chairuum--Special Projects--J. M. FALLS, assistant to manager of industrial rela tions, Northern Indiana Public Service co., Hammond, Iml.; CHARLES SC11WEICK- .ART, safely director, Hoosier Engineering co., Columbus, Ohio. - dwaticn ond Trotnt'np Committee hoirman--ERROLL DUNBAR, safely engineer, Potomac Electric Power co., Wash` .ington, D. C. General Chairman--J. E. APPEL, safety engineer. Commonwealth Edison co., Chicago,^ Vice-Chairman--E. M. CHASE, safety director, Centra! Vermont Public Service corj Rutland, Vt. Second Vice-Chaintusn--R. S. LOWE, plant training & safety supervisor, Northwest^ Bell Telephone co., Omaha, Neb. Secretary--R. E. McELDOWNEY, JR., safety director, United Fuel Gas co., Cltarl W. Va. Program Committee Chairman--L. CLANCY NANRY, director of safely, The Detroit Edison co., Deti Mich. yice-Chairman--Electric--M. M. MEHRING, safety supervisor, Consumers Public Po District, Columbus, Neb. Ut-Chairmon--Posters--F. D. NORBERG, safely director, Utah Power ft Light co., `Salt Lake City, Utah; M. J. BENDEKOVIC, manager of safety claims. Public Service Jeo. of Colorado, Denver, Colo.; J. B. SCHEERER, supervisor, inspections, safely dcjjpartment, Philadelphia Electric co., Philadelphia, Pa. 'iee-Chairman--Visual Aids--H. C. POTTHAST, supervising instructor, Wisconsin {Rural Electric, job training ft safety, Mcnomonic, Wis.; C. H. GUM, safety supervisor, aCity of Jacksonville Utilities, Jacksonville, Fla.; K. G. CKEGAR, safety director, Metropolitan Edison co., Reading, Pa. i(e-Chairman--Training Plans--A. B. LARSEN, supervisor, construction training, ComImonwealth Edison co., Chicago, III.; W. L. CLIFTON, technical assistant, accident prevention div., The Hydro-Electric Power Comm, of Ontario, Toronto, Canada; J. G. ;:DALTON, general safety engineer. Southern Bell Telephone ft Telegraph co., Atlanta, ;Ga.; HERBERT HOLMES, safety director, Michigan Wisconsin Pipe Line co., 'Detroit, Mich.; R. N. PAPICII, safely consultant, American Gas Asm*., New York, N. Y.; C. E. HAMMON, safety director, Columbus ft Southern Ohio Electric co., jColumbus, Ohio. Vice-Chairman--Gas--F. P. MUELLER, assistant director of safety, The Peoples Light and Coke co., Chicago, III. yice-Chairman--Water--W. R. LaDUE, superintendent ft chief engineer city of Akr Bureau of Water, Akron, Ohio. Vice-Chairman--Communications--SAMUEL McKAY, JR., area safety supervisor, Bell Telephone co. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. Engineering Committee Chairman--V. L. WOMELDORFF, safety director, Illinois Power co.. Decatur, III j yice-Chairman--Electric--W. F. RACHMAN, safety director, Omaha Public Pi District, Omaha, Neb.; ROY BE1TH, manager ft secretary-treasurer, Electrical ployers assn., Toronto, Canada; I. L. RIPLEY, director of safety, Central Mai Power co,, Augusta, Mattie; U. B. MOORE, safety director, Duke Power co., lotle, N. C ublicily Committee "hainnan--T. F. WICKFOKD, safely sii|crvisor, Commonwealth Kdi*m >. ('Imago, Ml. iet-Chairmnn--Public Relations--R. R. CONN, supervisor of training ft safety. Power * Station Department, Diupiesnc Light co., Pittsburgh, Pa. iet-Chairman--Newsletter--PAUL WINDSOR, safety director, Bureau of Safely, Inc., Chicago, 111.; R. M. CLARK, safety director, Atlantic City Electric co., Atlantic City, ;N. J.{ j. G. LAMBERT, safely supervisor, Northern Illinois Gas co., Wheaton, III.; 'A. B. SHEHEE, safety engineer, R. E A., Electric Engineering div., U. S. Department .of Agriculture, Washington, D C. * tatistics 6' Contests Committee i*i--C. A. FISCHBACK, safety supervisor, Soul it California Edison co., Los Angeles, Calif. yice-Chairman--Gat--W. J. EASTON, director of accident prevention, The Cincireifl Gas & Electric co., Cincinnati, Ohio; R. G. CLAAR, safety director, The Ohio Fd| Gas co., Columbus, Ohio; E. D. JONES, safety director, City Utilities of Springft Missouri, Spnngfieid, Mo.; W. D. COLLINS, safety director, Rockland Light ft Peat co., Boston, Mass. !l iee-Chairman--D. K. IIIISK, safely director. New Jc N. J.; J. W. GRONBECK, safety manager, New I Mass. embership Committee I wer ft Light co., Dover, Electric System, Boston, ; 000370 yice-Chairman--Water--T. F. ALLEN, safety engineer, Department of Water ft Commissioner's Oflice, City of Chicago, Chicago, HI.; V. A. APPLEYARD, chief i water operations, City of Philadelphia, Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.; 0.. BROCKWAY, safely inspector, Board of Water Commissioners. Denver, Cula':; Umen--S. T. ROBESON, safely supervisor, Canji jjarboro, N. C. Telephone ft Telegraph co., iee-Chairman--H. W. MASTERS, safety director, Asjdfcdit' Tree Expert co. ft Utilities yice-Chairman--Communications--N. W. TEMPLE, plant safety supervisor, Pacific! phone & Telegraph co., Seattle, Wash.; JOHN BIRD, administrative supervisor, Western Union Telegraph co., New York, N. Y. jUne Const, co., Inc., Jcnkintown, Pa.; J. E. HICKMAN, safely engineer, Los Angeles |Department of Water ft Power, Los Angeles, Calif.; J. R. IIEIM, safety director, > Monongaltela Power co., Fairmont, W. Va.; E. B. BELL, assistant safety director. The \ Ohio Power co., Canton, Ohio. 44 4* OFFICERS OF THE FARM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 |i. RICHIE, vice president & director of purchases, The Oliver corp., Chicago, III.; IRA ROGERS, Automotive Safety Foundation, Washington, D. C.; MARTIN RONNING, [)' Minneapolis-Moline co., Minneapolis, Minn.; LOUISE ROSENFELD, assistant director t home economics, Cooperative Extension Work, Ames, Iowa; C G. SCRUGGS, Progres- ,< tivc Farmer, Dallas, Tex.; CHARLES SHUMAN, American Farm Bureau Federation, V Chicago, HI.; DR. W. T. SPANTON, Federal Security Administration, U. S. Office 11 of Education, Washington, D. C.; ARTHUR STAPEL, Fox Valley Cooperative, Inc. * Appleton, Wis.; Vice President for Farms--KIRK FOX, editor. Successful Forming, Des Moines, Iowl Chairman--A. J. SCHWANTES, agricultural engineering dept., University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minn. Vice-Chairman--EDWARD HOLTER, lecturer, National Grange, Washington, D. C. OTTO STEFFEY, president, Illinois Agricultural assn., Chicago, III; RANDALL C. i SWANSON, farm safety specialist, College of Agriculture, Madison, Wis.; E W. S'TANQUARY, International Harvester co., Chicago, III.; F. R. WfLLSEY, farm safety jt specialist, Dept, of Agricultural Eng. Ext., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.; W. B. I WOOD, director, Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; CARLTON ZINK, products research dept.; Deere & co., Moline, III. Secretary--MAYNARD H. COE, director. Farm division, National Safety CaurcS, 1 Chicago, III. J Members: EDWARD S. ADAMS, ^director of safety, Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, Des Moines, Iowa; MRS. VERNE ALDEN, National Home, Wellsville, Kan.; MRS. ALMER ARMSTRONG, Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative assn., Indianapolis, Ind.; CLYDE N. DERRY, associate director, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; THEO BROWN, Moline, III.; HARRY BRYSON, American Farm Bureau Federation, Chicago, III.; GRAHAM T. COULTER, Kraft Foods co., Chicago, III.; JOHN F. DANEKE, General Motors corp., Detroit, Mich.; MISS GERTRUDE DIEKEN, The Form Journal, Philadelphia, Pa.; DON ALD H. DUNHAM, manager. Retirement Saf. &. Ins. dept., Nat'l. Rural Electric Coop. Assn., Washington, D. C.; JOHN M. EKLUND, director of education, Na tional Farmers Union, Denver, Colo.; j i f *. i * * T. A. ERICKSON, St. Paul, Minn.; C. M. FERGUSON, administrator, Extension Serv ice, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; MRS. HOMER GREENE, health It safely chairman. National Home Demonstration Council, Tutwiler, Miss.; MISS EUNICE HEYWOOD, assistant director, div. home economic programs. Federal Exten sion Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; C. N. HINKLE, Standard Oil co. (Indiana), Chicago, HI.; ROBERT HOWEY, National Vo.-Ag. Teachers assn. Sycamore, 111.; MISS AMY KELLY, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.; MRS. DORSEY KIRK, Illinois Stale Grange, Oblong, IU.; KEITH KIRKPATRICK, Radio Station WHO, Des Moines, Iowa; EDWARD R. KLAMU, Allstate Insurance co., Skokie, III.; 'V t {. / C C. LANG, Extension Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C; S. E LARSEN, Michigan Farm Equipment assn., Grand Rapids, Mich.; E. W. LEHMANN, prof. Emeritus, Urbana, III.; S. P. LYLE, Extension Service, U. S. Dept, of Agricul ture, Washington, D. C. EARL MERRILL Republic Steel corp., Cleveland, Ohio; DONALD L. MILLER, National Agricultural Cliems. assn. Washington, D. C; PAUL MULL1KEN, National Retail Farm Equipment assn., St. Louis, Ma; HERSCHEL NEWSOM, The National Grange, Washington, D. C.; G. L. NOBLE National Comm, on Boys Sr Girls Club Work, Chicago, HI.; V. S. PETERSON, E L Du Pont De Nemours, Ames, Iowa; HARRY PONTIOUS, Nationwide Insurance co, Columbus, Ohio; HARRY L. POWELL, Goodyear Tire & Rubber co., Milwaukee, Wis.; FRANK REYN OLDS, manager, Agricultural Extension, U. S. Steel corp,, Pittsburgh, Pa.; L P. 50 r OFFICERS OF THE FERTILIZER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 General Chairman--GEORGE F. DIETZ, safety diteclor. Fertilizer Manufacturing Co operative, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Fice-CJiairwkjn--GEORGE L. PELTON, personnel manager, Tlie Smith Agricutlural Chemical Co., Columbus, Ohio. Secretary--ELMER PERRlNE, technical representative, Nitrogen Div., Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp., New York, N. Y. Engineering Committee Chairman--A. 1). PETTIT, director, Industrial Health & Safety, W. R. Grace ft Co., New York, N. Y. Engineering Sub-Committees-- Statistical and Contest Chairman--F. WAYNE HIGH, manager of Operations, The Baugh Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Data Sheet C/iairwort--JOHN S. MARK, production manager, Farm Bureau Co-op Association, Columbus, Ohio. Public Relations Chairman--J. LAUREN SHOPEN, safely director. Consumer Co-op Association, Kansas City, Mo. ' Membership and By-Laws Chairman--C. S. GRIFFITH, superintendent, Virginia Carolina Chemical Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio. Visual Aid Committee C/iairiii<in--O. E. PERRY, superintendent, C. O, Smith Guano Co, Moultrie, Ga. * Insurance and Legislative Committee CJminmm--E. O. BURROUGHS, JR., manager, Insurance Dept., F. S. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. ' .i Research Committee Chairman--JOHN E SMITH, safely director, Spencer Chemical Col,, Pittsburg, Kan. J Members-at-Large S. COTTRELL, director of Operations, Olin-Mathieson Chemical Corp., Little Rock, Ark. EARL DAY, president, Ark-Mo Plant Food Co., Inc., Corning. Ark. MIKE C. ELLISON, safely director, Mississippi Chemical Co., Yazoo City, Miss. ROD MARTINET, vice president, E. Rauh ft Sons, Indianapolis, Ind. GRAYSON U. MORRIS, assistant production manager, Southern Slates Cooperative, Richmond, Va. GORDON W. PITTOCK, works manager, William Stone Sons, Ltd., Ingersoll, Out., Canada. HARWOOD T. RICE, safety director, Southwest Potash Corp., Cartshad, N. M. . YEN SHEN, Taiwan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Taipei, Teivan, China. W. A. STONE plant manager, Wilson ft Toomer Fertilizer.G>., Jacksonville, Fla. J. R. TERRY, personnel safety engineer, Davison Chemical Corp., Div. of W. R. Grace ft Co.. Bartow, Fla. A. A. WAUGH, safety engineer, International Minerals ft Chemical Corp., Bartow, Fla. M. F. WHARTON, treasurer, Arizona Fertilizer Inc., Phoenix, Am. ROY WHITE. Lion Oil Co., Kl Dorado. Ark. ' C K. BRUTCHKR, superintendent, Davison Chemical Co., Div. of W. R. Grace ft Co., ' New Albany, hid. . STRATTON McCARGO, |>crsonncl supervisor, G.L.F. Soil Building Service, Terrace Hill, Ithaca. N. Y. R. A. FISCHER, general manager, Milford Fertilizer Co., Milford, Del. V. A. FRIZZELL, vice president, The Triangle Co., Salinas, Calif. ROGER HUGG, personnel supervisor, International Minerals ft Chemical Corp., Chi cago, 111. N. NICHOLS, Nichols Fertilizer ft Chemical Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. ' B. A. SCIILAGENHAUFF, supervisor, Fire Protection ft Safety, Brea Chemicals Inc., Brea, Calif. ' . QUENTIN S. LE.E, The Cotton Producers Assn., Atlanta, Ga. ' EDWARD J. LAKGENT, M.D., assistant professor, Ohio State University, Cohrmhus, Ohio, ' A. I. RANEY, safely director. Phillips Chemical Co., Bartlesville, Okla. GAITHER T. NEWMAN, manager, Insurance Dept., Smilli-Douglass Co., Ine., Nor folk, Va. Honorary Members SIDNEY II. BIF.RLY, general manager, California Fertilizer Assn., San Marino, Calif. PAUL T. TKUIT'I, executive vice president, National Plant Food Institute, Washing ton, D. C. HENNING WALI ERSDORPH, Magnolia Fertilizer Co., Seattle, Wash. Staff Representative J, C. KATO, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Nominating Committee Chairman--E. 0. BURROUGHS, JR., manager, Insurance Dept, F. S. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. Supervisory Training Committee Chairman--W. C. CREEL, safely director, State of North Carolina, Dept, of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. f 22 1957 National Softly Congress namely, area safely efforts. However this gap is easily closed in an effective manner by (he individual safety activities of coni' mitlee members in their own areas of juris diction. They can hold brief scheduled periodic employee safety meetings, provide for limited area safety inspections and con duct other safety activities as the nature of their accident prevention problems dictate. AREA SAFETy ACTIVITIES Now let's see if this Organization and Program satisfies the five requirements men tioned in the beginning of my talk. Management motivation to support safely: The Accident Review committee keeps him informed of (lie costs of accidents and of its effect upon his merchandising activities; the Methods Correction Committee sees to it that he knows about the serious hazards that exist, and. finally, lie too is subjected to the constant safety propaganda pre pared by the Educational Group. Authoritative , direction is inr the selection of a junior ex' serve as head of the safety where in cooperation with the director and the store engines service manager he can wieM # safety influence, on a planned A definite program is assured creation of (lie three sub-corr each charged with an important lion which lies well within their jtetencc and tlie scope of their store activities. Specific responsibilities assi characterizes each of the suboutlmcd for us completely. Effective safety coinnnmica' can readily see that effective rnnmumieafion is fully provided the operation of a sub-committee whole function is one of cotnirm* with emjdoyccs at all levels, at aR and through a great variety of W 000373 3 FOOD SECTION j NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--STANLEY \V. PARSONS, general safety director, Carnation ro., Angeles, Calif. Vice-Chairman--I. W. SHUTT, safety engineer, Jos. K. Seagram ti Sons, Inc., nr York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman--GREGG K. MEYERS, director of safety & security, Rlatz Brewco,, Milwaukee, Wis. -NORMAN L, HEUER, safety director, Anuheuscr-lhisch, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. tier Editors--LESLIE J. QUINKEK, director of safely, Sehcnlcy Distillers, luc., isville, Ky.; L. H. GRETZER, director of safely and preventive maintenance, ill, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Direttor--W. I*. LEONARD, JR., vhe-pieshUul. The Southland cutp., Dallas, f `-fob Safety Chairman--WILLIAM A. MULVKNNA, safety director. 0. Schmidt f$ons, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. rx/ii/i Chairman--JAMES H. SNYDER, manager, Safely & Plant Protection Dept., iram Walker ft Sons, Inc., Peoria, III. r, 'tk Direttor--PAUL W. RUSH, M.D., medical director. Com Products Refining co., III. .Association Committee: Chairman, J. REDELBERGER, director of safely, Brownjn Distillers corp., Lottisvillc, Ky.; Viie-Chairmnti, EARL F. GOMOLL, safely itsor, Clinton Corn Processing co., Clinton, Iowa. 'Education Committee: Chairman, R. W. BLUNCK, The Quaker Maid Co., Inc., York, N. Y.; Vice-Chairman, A. J. DEILE, training director, General Foods co., Plains, N. Y.; Secretory, JOHN GROFF, safely engineer, American Maize co., Roby, Ind. Hng Committee: Chairman, EDWARD J. STKINKEI.LNER, safely director, Schlitz Brewing Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; ErVe-CAmVimm, HARRY WEGKHOET, ze service supervisor, Anderson, Clayton Co., Foods Div., Jacksonville, Ml.: lory, JACK CANTRELL, safety manager. Miller Brewing Co., Milwaukee. \Vi. 'flMsion: Chairman, W. C. MA1ILSTEDT, safety engineer, Continental Baking pre, N. Y.; Vice-Chairman, EDWARD Z. BANKA, safety engineer, National co.. New York, N. Y.: Secretary, ARTHUR K. MARVIN, safetv director. City. N. Y. ' Division: Chairman, JOSEPH A. MENENDEZ. safety director, l;alstaff BrewSt. Louis, Mu.; Vice-Chairman, THOMAS J. WILKINSON, safety director, tine ft Sons, Inc., Newark, N. J.; Secretary, EDWARD J. ZAIIKL, safety International Breweries, luc.. Iroquois Div., Buffalo, N. Y. . Divisiun; Chairman, WILLIAM G. SMITH, director of afvt\, Nestle Co, j-jWton, N. Y.; Vice-Chairman, GLIiNN W. RICHARDSON. personnel .lirector, Bros. Chase Candy co., Chicago, III.; Secretary, WARREN 0. RINDER- T, safely director, Pcnirk ft Ford, I,id,, Inr., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. $r l.v'- Dairy Products Division: Chairman, VICTOR G. 11ENDRIES, manager, safety dh Land 'o Lakes Creameries, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman, PERRY ELLSWORTH, assistant to executive director, Milk Industry Foundation,- Wuhin I). C.; Secretary, ARTHUR S. FOUST, executive secretary--safety, The Borden Houston, Tex. t - Distillers Division: Chairman, EDWARD BENNETT, Sclienley Distillers, Inc., Frank*] fort, Ky.; Vice-Chairman, JOSEPH J. PRABULOS, safety director, National tillers Products eorp., New York, N. Y.; Secretary, G. WADE AMOS, super Safety Engineering Dept., Aetna Casualty ft Surety co., Louisville, Ky. I nod I'roeessors Division: Chairman, VICTOR R. JOHNSON,'safety supervisor, Ger Products co., Fremont, Mich.; Vice-Chairman, RICHARD CARTWRIGHT, pers director, Haxlon Foods, Inc., Oakfield, N, Y.; Secretary, ROY E CAMPBELL, safe engineer, Campbell Soup co., Chicago, 111. drain Handling & Processing Division: Chairman, JOHN M. JENSEN, director of safe Corn Products Refining co., Chicago, III.; Vice-Chairman, J. R. McCANN, fire prev lion manager, Ralston Purina co., St. Louis, Mo.; Secretory, GEORGE L. KITCH1 director of safely, F. H. Peavey ft co., Minneapolis, Minn. Industrial /Igriculturc Division: Chairman, ROBERT P. ALDEN, safety ft wage admi| istrator, Castle ft Cooke, Ltd., Honolulu, Hawaii. lircnttive Advisory Committee: N. !'. THIEL, lircclor of safclv, Scaliest South Dairies Div., Charlotte. N. C.; NIXON dc TARNOWSKY, safely engineer, F. ft M. Schaefer Brewing co., Brooklyn, N. Y.; ROBERT C. LEITNER, stipends of industrial relations. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, (Is CLIFFORD P. McBRIDE, jicrsomtel manager, Pahst Brewing ro., Milwaukee, Wis.| GORDON E. MORRISON, Employee Relations ft Safety, Kellogg co., Battle Cre Mich.; BURTON H. MAY, director of safety ft health, Mars, Inc., Chicago, E. G. HUTZLEY, senior safety engineer, Campbell Soup eu.p Camden, N. J.; GKORGJ II. STEEL, safety director, Ralston Purina co., St. Louis, Mo.; DEAN M. CLAF Grain and Elevator Processing Superintendent, Chicago, 111. Staff Representative--RAYMOND C. ELLIS, JIL, National Safely Council, Chicago,^ 00057-1 'a p:t* { OFFICERS OF THE MEAT PACKING, TANNING AND LEATHER PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 A Chairman--CHARLES H. F.LSBY, Hranrh Accident Prevention Mgr., Employer* `utuals of Wausau, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice Chairman--R. W. UNWIN, SR., Reliable Packing Co., Chicago, III. Vice Chairman--DONALD S. MacKFNZIK. American Meat Institute. ChicagM. tmletter editor--HOWARD RKBMOI.TZ, safety director, The Rath Packing Co.. .Waterloo, Iowa it Newsletter Editor--CARl. CONKLIN, Whilchall Leather (V. Whitehall. Mi.li, ~itary--A. J. DITTMER, office manager, Gulinaim ft t'nmpany, 1 hicag". III. 'fmbership Committee--HOWARD REMfOLZ fChairman), safely director, The Rath .IPacking Co.. Waterloo, Iowa; CLARE BROMAN, Kagle-Otlawa Leather Co., Grand Haven, Mich. Peering Committee--H, W. UNWIN, SR. (Chairman), Reliable Parking (*<,, Chicago, III.; ALEX SPINK, safety director, Kingan Division, llygrade, FootI Prodacts Corp., Indianapolis, lint.; MARTIN CERNETISCH, safety director, John Morrell ft Co., Ottumwa, Iowa; RALPH K. POMROY, A. C. Lawrence Leather Co., Peabody, Jim; PAUI, A. TETERSKN, safely engineer, Zurich Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; fJUKE CHOMICKI, safety ft fire chief, Hunter Packing Co., East St. Louis, III.; HUBERT L. CLOVER, safely director, international Shoe Co., Si. Louis, Mo. snot Aids Committee--DONALD S. MaeKENZIE (Chairman), American Meal Insl.. Chicago, III.; N. R. SHERMAN, Cudahy Bros. Co. Cudahy, Wis.; E. W. SCHULIS. Gen. Supt. Office, Swift ft Co.. U. S. Yards. Chicago. 111.; C. C. CROKER, Wilson ft Co. Oiieago, 111.; JOHN THURMAN, safety director, Oscar Meyer ft Co., Madison, .Wis.; ELLIS KLINE, safely director, Stak ft Wetrel, Indianapolis, link Committer--DR. K. F. KAPOV, (Chairman), medical director. Armour ft I'm., Chicago, III.; DR. JOSEPH II. SCIMI'T. ClnpRn, III. Mrfi/y Committee--GREGORY PIKTRASZKK (Chairman). technical editor, National rrovisioner, Chicago, III.; LF.IF KRONIN, Tanners' Council of America, New York, N. Y. grant artd Advisory Committee--HOWARD REBIIOLZ (Chairman), arfly director. The Ralli Packing Co., Walerloo, Iowa; K. D. PEELER, JR., Mgr. Employee Servt lees, General Shoe Corp.. Nashville, Tenn.; ALEX SPINK, director of health ft safety, Kingan Division, llygrade, Foods Products Corp.. Indianapolis, Iml.; A. I. DITTMER, 'office manager, Gulmaim ft Co., Chicago, III.; JOSEPH POCII0P, safely director, gjohn Morrel ft Co., Sioux Falls. S. D.; R. A. IIARSCIINEK, safely director, Swift ;ft Co., U. S. Yards, Chicago, III.; MARTIN CERNETISCH, safely director, John -Morrell ft Co., Ottumwa, Iowa. / Rtfretmtalive--), C. KATO, Nmiunnl S.ift'ly Council, Cliirngrt II, III. OFFICERS OF THE TRADES AND SERVICES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Restaurant Division: ^Chairman--AL SOMMER, owner-manager, The Sommer Restaurant, Chicago, HI. ^Vice-Chairman--JOHN HARDING, II, vice-president, Harding Restaurants, Chicago. III. f'JrWry--HARVEY KLINGEMAN, owner-manager, Indian Trail Tea Room, Winnclka, III. ^Executive Advisory Committee: ' Genera! Chairman--ROGER J. REAR, safely director, Tlie Kroger co., Cincinnati, OliM.^ f irst Pice Chairman--CHARLES P. KNGLER, assistant manager, Loss Prevention dept, I Montgomery Ward & co., Chicago, HI. \| Secretary--MAURICE J. MARTEL, director of safety and fire prevention. The Shermaa, Hotel, Chicago, III. ,t| Membership Chairman--'ROBERT II. NORMAN, safety manager, ACF-Wrigley Stores,! Inc., Detroit, Mich. [Chairman--HARVEY S. SIEGEL, safely supervisor, R. H. Macy co, Inc, New York, r. N. Y.; KENNETH A. LANE, director, Employer-Employee Relations dept, American t\ Hotel Assn, New York, N, Y.; J. NEIL MOORE, secretary. Greater Chicago Hotel i.'Assn, Chicago, III.; HOWARD C. SEEHAUSEN, executive director, Bowling Pro ), prietors Assn, of America, Inc, Chicago, III. [Staff Representative--RAYMOND C. ELLIS, JR, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Program Chairman--EDWARD KRYSZAK, stalf assistant. Loss Prevention dept., Mont-1 gomery Ward & co., Chicago, III. Uff-the-Jab Safety Chnirtnan--WALTER A. DUDEK, safely and security director, The Conrad Hilton Hold, Chicago, III. Trades and Service* Neivsletler--Restaurants, Hotels: Co-Editors-- MARK DUNLOP, editorial director. National Restaurant Assn., Chicago. III.; JOHN J. KUEELEY, JR, director of research, National Restaurant Assn., Chicago, 111. Houles, Buildings and Offices Division: !> Chairman--C. 1\ SCHAR, superintendent of fire and safety. University of Illinois, Physi cal Plant dept, Chicago, III. ( Vice-Chairman--JOHN F. JONES, supervisor of safety and training, Commonwealth Edison & co, Chicago. III. . T'ood Retailers Divtrion: Chairman--M. G. JACKSON, safety director. J. Wcingartcn, Inc, Houston. Tex. Vice-Chairman--HARRY II. COCHRAN, JR, labor relations-safcty director, Safeway Stores, Inc, Los Angeles, Calif. Secretary--ARNOLD R. MELTZER, safely supervisor. Stop & Shop, Inc, Boston, Mass Hotel Division: CfannmM--ROBERT C. NOKUIIAUSKN, itcrsonncl director, Albert Pick Hotels, Chi cago, III. Vice-Chairman--HARRY GUSTAI-SON, safety director, The Drake, Chicago, HI. Secretary--ROBERT C. PETRIE', divisional trainer, Hotel div,, E. I. du Pont de Nemouri & co, Inc, Wilmington, Del. Mercantile and IVttrehousiny Division: , Chairman--J. DONALD PRINCE*, insurance manager, The Hccht co., Baltimore, Md. f Tir-C/wt`rm<in--WALDO COMINS, safety and fire prevention supervisor, Marshall RtM' & co, Chicago, III. t Secretary--ALLEN D. W'ALTERS, secretary, American Warehousemen's Assn, ChicapC* 111. P 1957 National Safely Congress R:*Y IfWCERS OF THE rule says not to use air hoses to blow off our clothes, so we put the words air hose on a card. We distributed these 16 cards to the con ferees, and in discussion asked "Who lias the card that says "air hoset" when some body raised his hand, we asked what the safety rule was about air hoses. Normally they came pretty close to the rule, and we discussed each rule and its importance. The conferees brought out many examples of accidents that happened because the rules were broken. LOCKING-OUT RULE Session three was devoted to one of the safety rules: "The rone engineer or engi neering supervisor is responsible for prop erly safeguarding against dangerous condi tions developing during the progress of a repair job." The area of safeguarding ma chines from being started when being re paired is potentially very dangerous. In our company some machines are quite large, extending three to five stories high. It would be easy for a worker to start such a machine when someone was working on it, if proper precautions weren't taken. To drive home the necessity for "locking out" a machine every time it is worked on, we showed a film. "It's in the Cards," pro duced by the Abititi Paper co. of Canada. In our conferences we asked the conferees to note the behavior of the people to see if they could pick any of the seven types we discussed in session one. We concluded the session agreeing that it is important to observe the behavior of our people to prevent accidents. PERSONAL TRAITS EMPHASIZED In our last session, we discussed how people are both different and alike. Some times we overlook that people are so dif ferent, one from the other. To demonstrate this the conferees participated in1 a little experiment. We gave them a number and asked them to double (he number and then re-double as far as they could go in 60 seconds. After the minute was up, we read correct answers and asked them to mark on their paper how many limes they had doubled the number correctly. In every class there was a terrific range from a low of two or three times up to 20 or 21 times. It was pointed out that this large range of differences true in any group of people (6t Any ab trail or characteristic. i GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION Wc discussed the people who would likely cause problems, and concluded . most problems would come from those either extreme of the range. Then we that although every one is different, _ are distinct and similar types of personal Five of the common types of pe that can cause difficulties are: 1. The fellow who is sloppy NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--RUSSELL FRANK, Ferro corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Pice-Chairman--CLYDE C. RUDDICK, Pittsburgh Plate Glass co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. enj Viee-Chairtnan--JOHN V. SKKNDALL, Harbison-Walker Refractories co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 2. The tough guy lory--EDWIN L. WRAY--Ball Brothers co., Inc., Muncie, lnd. 3. The show off 4. The loud mouth m Committee Chairman--THOMAS R. PONOGHUIv, Pittsburgh Plate Glass co., i, Pa. 5. The practical joker rship Committee Chairman--A. H. BURKETT, Owens-Illinois Glass co., Libby The sloppy man is frequently laiy, things lying around. The tongh guy thid|l pbsi div., Toledo, Ohio. safety is for sissies. He's the fellow itf! yineering & Health Committee Chairman--W. G. HAZARD, Owens-Illinois Glass co., runs the machine with (lie guard off. Htf ^Toledo, Ohio. much too tough to get is interested in calling hurt! The rktwn attention to hirau ^psltttcr Editor--RUSSELL FRANK, Ferro corp., Cleveland, Ohio. He will take chances to get people to notfcl Jrtj Promotions Committee Chairman--JAMES L. MORRIS, The Federal (.Hass Co., him. The loud mouth attracts attendee M ^jColumbus, Ohio. himself by telling others how to do their ji^ He's the authority on everything. The jety Contest Committee Chairman--JOHN V. SKENDALL, Harbison-Walker Rcfrac- one, the practical joker can give us a jtories co., Pittsburgh, Pa. rough time. The problem is not how to recognize (to but how to handle them. The session < nations Committee Chairman--WILLI AM KOPPUT, Owens-Corning Fiberglas co., ^JNewark, Ohio. with a summary of the four sessions Tke-Job Safety Committee Chairman--KARL STEINKRAUS, Owens-Illinois Glass the four foundations for good relations. . house of safety would have to be built these four foundations: ' 6to, Alton, III. i* . gff Representative--J. E. CROUSHORE, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 1. To let each person know how he getting along, supervisors must know accident, hospital, attendance, production quality reports with an understL through observation of (lie behavior of l*coplc. 2. To give credit when due, supe: should have an attitude of fairness sincerity. t if . 3. To tell people in advance about thi^ that will affect them "safety wise" theywjl know the safety rules. ' 4. To make the best use of each pe... ability they need, skill in leadership row bering that everybody's different and retqj ntzing that people must be treated as ` dividuals. 000371; These are the foundations upon any house of safety must be built.^ 30 JI 000377 ;l . v r . f/CERS OF THE RUBBER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--C. E. BECK, St. Clair Rubber co., Marysville, Mich. hairman in Charge of Program--M. R. DATCHE, Firestone Tire A Rubber co., on, Ohio. ;lary--W. J. DOOLING, B. F. Goodrich Footwear and Flooring co., A div. of The F. Goodrich co., Watertown, Mass. . `tiler Editor--A. R, POMEROY, The Ohio Rubber co., Willoughby, Ohio. yering Committee: Chairman, N. C. I.ONGKK, U. S. Rubber co., Passaic, N. J.; TURNER, The Goodyear Tire A Rubber co. of Canada. Ltd., Toronto, Canada; B. MAINES, Republic Rubber div. of the Lee Rubber & Tire corp., Youngstown, tt Committee: Chairman, R. II. WILSON, M.D., The n. F. Goodrich co., Akron, Ohio; W. L. HOGUE, M.D., The Firestone Tire & Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; W. A. VcCAUSLAND, M.D., B. F. Goodrich Footwear and'Flooring co., A div. of The B. F. Goodrich co., Watertown, Mass.; F. W. SANDS, U. S. Rubber co., New York, N.Y. hership Committee: Chairman, K. B. DAVIS, B. F. Coodrich Chemical co., Cleve land, Ohio; *W. M. GRAFF, U. S. Rubber co.. New York, N. Y.; *J. L. DEAN, The .Firestone Tire A Rubber co., Memphis, Tcnn. ler Committee: Chairman, 1). M. CORNELL, The Firestone Tire A Rubber Co., lAkron, Ohio; F. J. FRAME, The Goodyear Tire A Rubber co. of Michigan, Jackson, Mich.; G. A. MILLER, The Gales Rubber co., Denver, Ohio. it Association and Liaison Committee Chairman--D. M. CARSON, U. S. Rubber eo., Detroit, Mich. *i and Regulations Committee Chairman--C. S. KRUGER, Carlisle Tire A Rubbti Division of Carlisle corp., Carlisle, Pa. Uity Committee Chairman--RAY HART, The Dayton Rnhl>cr co., Dayton, Ohio. 'tier Committee Chairman--J. C. MILARC1I, Corduroy Rublter n>.. Grand Rapids, Mich. erhonied Goods Committer: Chairman, C. R. COVERT, The Goodyear Tire A Rubber to, Akron, Ohio; G. E. ROSE, The Wooster Rubber co., Wooster, Ohio; T. F. DAVIS, ,B. F. Goodrich Sponge Products, div. of The B. F. Goodrich co., Shelton, Conn. Imm Manufacturing Committee: Chairman, *R. M. BOYLES, Midwest Rnblrer Re claiming co., East St. Louis, III.; *R. W .FICKKS, The Goodj'car Tire A Rubber co., .Akton, Ohio; *T. J. CAIN, JR., The B. F. Goodrich co., Akron, Ohio; P. E. DEUY, Dominion Rubber co., Ltd., Montreal, Canaria; C. G. TRAVERS, U. S. Rubber Re^claiming co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. In Laboratories Committee: Chairman, R. A, MANNING, The Goodyear Tire A Bobber co, Akron, Ohio; F. B. WILLIAMS, Carlisle Tire A Rubber div. of Carlisle corp, Carlisle, Pa.; E. J. FRANCOIS, United States Rubber co. Research Center. '.Wayne, N. J. J.1 .~tt Ssr'ert Crmxr.--ee: Ckrr-"o. m~- K 2 1 *...T_D'*.. '-.-ererx: l rr irtf RcSbtfi Afcreo. Ohio; J. J. RAYTKEWICH, lr. S. Rutter co., /oliet, f!L; .V. R. Dunlop Tire & Rubber corp., Buffalo, X. V. Off-The-Job Safety Committee: Chairman, E. R. GARDNER, Akron Chamber of meree. Safety Council, Akron, Ohio; S. T. BURROWS, The Mansfield Tire & Re co., Mansfield, Ohio; *S. A. WRIGHT, Inland Manufacturing div.. General Me corp., Dayton, Ohio. International Synthetic Rubber Safety Association: Chairman, G. T. SHUSTER, Ti U. S. Chemical co., Port Neches, Tex.; H. M. ARCHER, Petro-Tex Chemical Houston, Tex.; E. F. METZ, Cofcwlymer Rubber & Chemical corp., Baton Rouge, R. I. KELLEY, American Synthetic Rubber corp., Louisville, Ky.; J. A. BRO' Petroleum Chemicals, Inc., Lake Charles, La.; F. C. STARBIRD, The Firestone Ti ft Rubber co., Synthetic Rubber div., Akron, Ohio; N. P. BARKER, General Tht Rubber co., Odesso, Tex.; L. W. BOULTON, Polymer corp., Sarnia, Ontario, J. C UTLEY, Firestone Tire ft Rubber co.. Synthetic Rubber div., Lake Charles, K. K. KETCHEL, United Rubber & Chemicals, Baytown, Tex. Advisory Committee: *H. L ANDREWS, The Firestone Tire It Rubber co., Pottsloalf?' Pa.; *T. H. BOYD, Manhattan Rubber div. of Keybestos, Manhattan, Inc., PisaiHt' N. J.; *R. A. BULLOCK, Corduroy Rubber co., Grand Rapids, Mich.; *G. D. CROSMiU The Firestone Tire & Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; *R. S. FARNUM, U. S. Rubber*" Detroit, Mich.; *ROLAND KASTELL, U. S. Rubber co.. New York, N. Y.; *J.l| i:KIDNEY, The Goodyear Tire ft Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; *). E. LOVAS, U.S| Rubber co., Passaic, N. J. Staff Representative--JOHN D. GALLAGHER, National Safety Council, Chicago if Past General Chairman i: 34 T 'i * 4 i FF/CFRS OF THE HOME SAFETY CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 fltfC Vice-President for Home Safety--GEORGE M. WHEATLEY, M.D.. tliird vice president, Hcaltli and Welfare, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. ^jairman--MRS. GEORGE WELLES, JR., St. Louis County Safety Council, Duluth, Minnesota. Wbpresentatives of Home Safety Conference on NSC Board of Directors--ALFRED W. CANTWELL, A. L. CHAPMAN, M.U., MRS. GEORGE WELLES, IR. w irman-Elect--FRED LONG, M.D., Commissioner of Hcaltli, Peoria, Illinois; Ameri .?can Public Health Association. ;Wire Chairman, Health and Medical Section--JAMES L. GODDARD, M.D., Chief, ArcijjBRdent Prevention Program, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. Epee-Chairman, Home Building and Equipment Section--EUGENE L. LEHR, Chief, ProjHf pun Services, Accident Prevention Program, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, (c ' ttt-Choirman, Community Service (Civic) Groups Section--MISS MARY M. WEEKS, JProgram Specialist, Girl Scouts of the U .S. A., New York, N. Y. rtlary--'THOMAS FANSLER, Director, Home Safety Division, National Safety -.Council, Chicago, Illinois. VW'liifFe.. 59 n OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 West Central Region--HOLLEY l\ BRADLEY, supervisor of safety, Service Pipe Line co., Tulsa, Okla. Southwest Region--EDWIN B. LOCKE, manager engineering department, Texas Em ployers Insurance Assn., Dallas, Tex. Western Region--S. KIRKLEN COLLINS, superintendent, accident Loss & Prev. Dcpl. Fireman's Fund Group, San Francisco, Calif. .lrf Presidents: W. N. COX, JR., Professor of Safety and Industrial Engineering, Scliool President--JOHN F. JULI, enrp., Los Angeles, Calif. safety manager. Consolidate*! Western Steel div., U. S. StriJ*' of Industrial Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.; EDWARD B. LANDRY, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D. C.; HENRY B. DUFFUS, First Pire President--ROBERT CLAIR,* assistant vice president, Liberty Mutual Ins v administrator. Accident Prevention, Wcslinghouse Electric corp., l'iltOmrgli, Pa. ance co., Boston, Mass. Second Vice President--DONALD G. VAUGHAN,* manager, engineering ft inspects*Standing Committee Chairmen dept., Aetna Casualty ft Surety co., Hartford, Conn. 4j .. , ,, . ... ,. ... . ,, . . - , . Sir Committee on /hoards Honors--PIERRE F.. DKRY, smicrvisnr of safety, Dominion Secretory and Managing Director -J. B. JOHNSON, American Society of Safely Ei*f Q, Montreal, Queher, Canada itcers, Chicago, III. A*; , ' Committee on Chapters--OTTO C. HAIER. safely director, Standard Oil Cm. of Ohio. Treasurer--GEORGE l\ NUERNBKR(IKK, safety department, Kaiser Steel cwkmj-. Cleveland, Ohio Fontana, Calif. jfe Committee on Cooperation with lluttinecrint/ Colleges- FRANK I*'. LA I )ER FR, assn- Members-al'I.arge ciate director of safely, Nationwide Insurance, Columbus, Ohio Term F.nd'mg 1958--MICHAEL F. BIANCARDl, manager, safety services departmBtWfv Committee on Cooperation xvith Engineering Societies--JOHN V. GRIMALDI, com- Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing co., Milwaukee, Wis.; H. W. HEINRICH, chaitmKjj sultant in safety services, General Electric co.. New York, N. Y. Uniform Roiler and Pressure Vessel Laws Society, Inc., New York, N. Y.; FRE9&$ , H. KOBKLY, manager. Safety ft Casualty. Colmnhia-Gcncva Steel div., U. S. Strife' on Pmonce-C,FORGE F. NUF.KNHEKGF.R. 'affix dr,...m,r,o. Kaor, corp., San Francisco, Calif. : Wl`' forP * honlana, Calif. Term Ending 1959-- FRED CLAIBORNE, safely assistant. Pan American Pelrrirrife Committee on General Publications--V\U'.\) II. KOBKLY. manager .*f `afeli .md rorp., Tulsa, Okla.; FRANK K. LADERER, associate director of safety, Natio casualty, Colunibia-Gcncva Steel div., U. S. Steel corp., San Francisco, Calif. wide Insurance, Colnmlms, Ohio; E. P. MARCONI, manager. Safety Branch Inc., Tullahoma, Tcnn. fc, Committee on Membership--GEORGE. L. GORBF.LL, safely director, personnel rela tions department, Monsanto Chemical co., St. Louis, Mo. Term Ending I960--GEORGE M. KINTZ, chief accident prevention ft health D. S. Bureau of Mines, Region VI, Dallas, Tex.; CLYDE F. SCHLUET! accident prevention manager, Employers Mutuals of Wausau, Wis.; VIRGILki Committee on Public Relations--ROLAND C. BAUER, safety supervisor, Kopjtcrs co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. WOMELDORFF, safety director, Illinois Power co., Decatur, III. tCaminiiW on Research--MICHAEL F. BIANCARDl, manager, safety services drpt.. Regional Vice Presidents Eastern Region--ARTHUR II. CHRISTIAN, corporate safely engineer. An Viscose corp., Philadelphia, Pa. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing co., Milwaukee, Wi. Committee on Safety l.aws and Regulations-*-'THOM AS R. I .F.M)M EATER, safety director, Todd Shipyards corp., New York, N. Y. Northeast Region--WARREN I. PETERS, engineer, The Travelers Ins. co., Rod N. Y. ' Committee on Safety Standards--CLYDE F, SCIILUETER, accident prevention mana ger, Employers Mutuals of Wausau, Wausau, Wis. Southeast Region--P. W. LOGAN, division manager, Engineering department, Mutual Insurance co, Alkmln, (la. Central Region--JOHN F. JONES, safety sipicrvisor, Commonweallli EdisoaJ Chicago, III. * East Central Region--MYRON L. MILLER, s|>ervisor of safely, Westinghouse corp., East Pittsburgh, Pa. *KOBERT CLAIR resigned due to illness. He was replaced by DONALD G. VAUGJi on Jan. 14, 1958. JOHN F. JONES, safety su|crvisorp Commonwealth Edison - cago, 111., was made second vice president. 108 Committee on Technical Publications--- HKNKY C. I.AMB Bronxville, N. V. Special Committee on Congress Programs- I)()N A1.1 * G. VAUGHAN, manager, rt'gi neering ft insjicciinn dept., Aetna Casually ft Surety co., Hartford, Conn. ffy/nW Committee an .Action Program I. (\STF.NNKTT, dircetor, accident ft fire prevention div.. National Association ()f Mi^^^^gnally^jMg^iragn, Ml tSpeeiol Committee an Junior . /c/iicrcoii ii/--I K- Cerrijj'.rQitll ^Special Committee on Membership Services--BgjjjjfcTC.R MARCONI, manager, Itrancb Aro, Ttillidioma, Tcnn. lafoljlfc o,i,, . *.m U U U u d U i . j#*) ns Special Committee an Motor kV/ttc/e Operation--AMOS E. NEYHART, head, Institute of Public Safety, The Pennsylvania State Umv,, General, Annex University Park, Pa. 'ffl Special Committee on NSC-Society Relationship--DR. WILLIAM P. YA of research & development, Mine Safety Appliances co., John T. R Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa. . Special Committee on Review of the Constitution and By-Laws--WILLIA1 JR., Professor of safely & Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. S/>rn'ol CoinmilIre on Society Exhibit at Museum of Science and Industf R. GRAHAM Safety Engineer Bituminous Casualty Co. Insurance Rm. A-917 Chicago, Illinois ^3 Historian--EDWARD B. LANDRY, Benjamin Franklin Station, Was National Safety Council Re/irfienlolive--DAVID L. ARM, manager, Industr National Safety Council, Chicago, III. ft fe *4.AJ no 15 #> OFFICERS OF THE LABOR CONFERENCE , COMBE, general organizer, Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators k Paperhangers of l America, Washington, D. C.; CARL HOLUEKMAN, commissioner. Dept, of Lalior (and Industry, Trenton, N. J.; BARNEY HOPKINS, secretary-treasurer, Michigan NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Vice President for Labor--P. L. SIKM1LLEK, general vice president, International ciation of Machinists, Chicago, 111. Chairtnan--LLOYD UTTER, director, Industrial Health & Safety div., United Ante Workers, Detroit, Mich. I ,CIO Council, Detroit, Mich.; PAUL A. IACCINO, secretary-treasurer, Cook County eladustrial Union Council, Chicago, III.; MORRIS 1USECHEWITZ, secretary-treasurer, {New York City CIO Council, New York, N, Y.; E. W. KENNEY, director, Research .and Education, International Woodworkers of America, Portland, Ore.; JOHN R. ! KUMPEL, special representative, Safely and Compensation, United Knblicr, Cork, lLinoleum At Plastic Workers of America, Akron, Ohio; RAYMOND LEON, intcr- .talionaf representative, International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite k Paper Mill ^Workers, Fori Edward, N. Y.; T. G. LlNNKRT, head, Engineering At Air Safety dept., lAir Line Pitots Assn., Chicago, III.; THOMAS MUKTHA, international represents* |tj?e, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, New York, N. Y.; JOSEPH nHILIPPS, apprentice coord., United Association of Journeymen k Apprentices of Vice-Chairman--CHARLES FERGUSON, director, safety div., United Mine Worker*^ tombing & Pipe Fitting Industry, Washington, D. C.; S. C. PHILLIPS, assistant America, Washington, D. C. president, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Engiiicnten, Cleveland, Ohio; F. J. Secretary--G. G. GRIEVE, director, Lalrer div., National Safely Council, Chicago, 111 LABOR CONFERENCE REPRESENTATIVES TO NATIONAL SAFETV COUNCIL * pLONDKE, director. Public Relations, Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way I'.mployecs, kDfctroit, Midi.; RAY E. ROBERTS, safety director, International Association of Ma- gdiinisls Lodge 763, Phoenix, Ariz.; BRED KOHLIN, associate editor. The American ^rressman, International Printing Pressmen At Assistants Union of North America, Press- Hoard of Directors--LLOYD UTTER; AL E. RROWN, vice president. United makers At Papcrworkers, Portland, Ore.; HARRY SEE, National Legislature sentative, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Washington, D. C. CHAIRMEN OF LABOR CONFERENCE COMMITTEES Congress Program Committee--JOHN R. KUMPEL; Executive--LLOYD UTTE Membership--ELWOOD SWISHER; Planning--LLOYD UTTER; Publicationi Newsletter--GEORGE EICHHORN; State Labor Departments--F. A. VAN ATt| DAN ADAIR, coordinator of safely activities, Pacific Coast Assn, of Pulp and Manufacturers, Portland, Ore.; FINLAY ALLAN, asst. In general president, Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, indiana|iolis, fuel.; JOHN TJ KINSON, safety director, International Woodworkers of America, Vancouver, HI A. C. BLACKMAN, chief, div. of industrial safety, State Dept, of Industrial Rd* San Francisco, Calif.; FRANK BURKE, director, safety k health, United Steels of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; JOHN CALDWELL, education director, An Federation of Stale, County At Municipal Employees, Washington, I). C; WILLM1 A. CALLAHAN, chairman, Stale Industrial Accident Commission, Salem, Ore.; NANDO ). CASTRO, director. Bureau of Industrial Safely A: Accident Prevail Department of Lnlmr, San Juan, Puerto Rico; J. GEORGE EICHHORN, Lodge Representative, International Asm. of Machinists, Chirngn, III.; ROt COYNE, director, Occupational Safety k Health, International Union of ElKln>| Radio k Machine Workers, Washington, I). C.; GEORGE C. DU VAI.L, assist*! vice president, Communications Workers of America, Washington, I). C.; ART FRANCIS, chief inspector. Workmen's Gmi|ciisntmn Board, Vancouver, B. C.;ll GIDEL, chief Div. of Safety Standards and Services, Bureau of Labor Sli U. S. Dept, of Lalwr, Washington, l). C.; ARTHUR P. GILDEA, secretary-tie International Union of United Brewer)-, Flour, Cereal, Soft Drink and Workers, Cincinnati, Ohio; JOSEPH GONEY, assistant director safely and United Steelworkers of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. A. GREENE, safety rtpffl live. International Association of Machinists, Downsview, Onl.; JOHN GRl director, Health k Safety dept., United Automobile Workers, Dearborn, Mich.; I S. HADDOCK, National Maritime Union, Washington, D. C.; BRYCE P. "fi's Home Term.; JOHN R. ROONEY, secretary-treasurer, Ohio CIO Council, Conbus, Ohio; ELWOOD SWISHER, vice president, Oil, Chemical k Atomic Wmkcrs ^International Union, Denver, Colo.; DONALD THOMS, vice president, United Papcr- taukers At Paperworkers, Chicago, 111.; C. R. TIIORNBROUGII, commissioner of [hbor, State Dept, of Labor, Little Rock, Ark.; F. A. VAN ATTA, PH. I)., consultant rion industrial hygiene. United Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich.; HAROLD WALTON, f-businejs agent, International Association of Machinists Lodge 834, Wichita, Kan.; j HUNTER P. WHARTON, asst, to general prcsidcnl, International Union of Operating [lEnginecrs, Washington, D. C.; ALBERT WHITEJIOUSE, <lirecfor Irrdtrsfriaf Union ipept, Washington, D. C. 34 35 t (I 1 I [OFFICERS OF THE MARINE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 teneral Chairman--L. II. QUACKENBUSH, vice president, Slates Marine Corp., New York. N. Y. xecutive General Chairman--CARL F. VANDER CLUTE, general manager. Marine dept., Gulf OH Corp., New York, N. Y. fke General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)--JOSEPH S. Bt.ACKF.TT, general operation manager Grace Line, New York, N. Y.; W. N, DAMONTE, vice president A manager, Marine dept., Sinclair Refining Co., New York. N. Y.: R. K. KELLY, manager, Transportation dept.. Eastern division, Tidewater OH Co., New Yotk, N. Y.; J. V. C. MALCOLMSON, general manager. Marine dept., The Texas eo., New York, N. Y.; HAROLD W. NORTHCUTT. manager, Stolen Island Yard, Bethlehem Steel Co., Staten Island, N. Y.; ROBERT K. O'BRIEN, vice president, Operations, MooreMcCormack Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y.; ROBERT J. TARR, operating manager, Luckenbach S. S. Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.: TARKER WISE, general manager. Marine j* Transportation dept., Socrmy Mobil Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Ifite General Clinirmon (Gulf Aren)--GEORGE GRISWOLD, vice president, Gulf & So. Amer. S. S. co.. New Orleans, La. ,iee General Chairmen (Pacific Area)~CATT. T. C. CONWELL, vice president, Ship Operations, American President Lines, San F.ancisco, Calif.; A. E. KIHN, president, CCalifornia Shipping co., San Francisco, Calif.; RANDOLPH SF.VIFR, president, Matson Navigation co., San Francisco, Calif. Pier General Chairmen (Great Cakes Area)--DAVID L. BUCHANAN, Director, Claims --division, Pittsburgh S.S. division, U. S. Steel corp., Cleveland, Ohio.; JOHN L. HORTON, assistant manager, Marine dept., Cleveland Cliffs Iron eo., Cleveland, Ohio.; I REAR ADMIRAL CHARLES R. KIIOURY, USNR. president. Pittsburgh S.S. division, U. S. Sled corp., Cleveland, Ohio. ,ire General Chairmen (/ntanil tPatenvoys)--Operationr-F A. M ECU LING, vice pieident, A. L. Mectdmg Barge Lints, Joliet, lit.;Mrt)t!>rrrhi/>--WILLIAM C. McNF.AL, . rice president, Oil Transport co., New Orleans, La. . General Chairmen (Passenger and Cirgo Sendees)- A.. S. ANPRF.WS, vice presi'dent, American Export Lines, Nevr York N. Y.jCAPT. L. A. RF.NF.IIAN, marine superintendent, Farrell Lines, New York, N- Y. General Chairmen (Tankers)--CHARLES L. HOYI.lv, manager, Marine Dept., Sun Oil co., Marcos Hook, Pa.; ADOLPH B. KUR7., vice president, Keystone Ship ping co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Genreal Chairman (Stevedoring)--G. If. E. BUXTON, director, Safely Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., New York, N. Y. te General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)--VICE ADM. ALFRED C. RICHMOND, Comdt., U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. on, Nominating Committee--WILLARD F. JONES, New York, N. Y. fftory (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY C. EIDENBACH, Hagen ft pdeibaeh, New York. N. Y. Assistant General Chairman for Tankers -I. R. THOMPSON, assistant general manager^ Marine Dept., Gulf Oil eorp., New Yurie, N. Y. .l.tustanl Genera! Chairman (I'rot/rains, Conventions)--tlAKOl.D M. WICK, assist** vice president, American Bureau of Shipping, New Yuri:, N. Y. .. 0CCC80 , rttS, manager, Accident , ,1, *sco, Cat)*.; HARRY E. Calif?; CAPT. P. A. net, San Francisco, Calif. f' , 1 ***"**'* ,, fety dtp!., Inltrlake S. S. ' * ICnlaevnedlaWnda, teOrwJraioyis;, LopeCra. tiMngAaTnIdAs,hiSpebcuyi.ld, inTgh--e BWRijAsoXnTOMNariBne. CTAraRnRs,it pcreo.s,idCenlet,veAmOehriioca.;n CWOatMerMwaAyNsDOEpReratCors,Ei,ncL.,EWISaIsNhGing, tomna, rDin.eC.Inspection officer, 9vVi Const I District, Cleveland, Ohio. Directors, Inland Waterways, Operating mid Xfn'flxtilrfmp--ROBERT L. GRAY, .superintendent, River Transportation Dept., Ashland Oil ft Helming co.. Ashland, Ky.: 3 C. A. PETERKIN, JR-, president, Dixie Carriers, Houston, Texas:; DAVID M. j BROWN, JR, The American Waterways Operations, fnc, Washington, D. C.; CAPT. C H. STOBER, marine inspection officer, 2nd Coast Guard District, St. Louis, Mo. .Issistont Genera/ Chairmen (Membership)--CAPT. IONMS !'. DEVLIN, ,IR.;T. T. WILKINSON, Supl. I'.ng., Marine dept-. Sinclair Helming co.. New York, N. Y. SAL SERVICE COMMITTEES Director, Ptddic Relations-- l:R ANK BUAYNARD, " " - ' ------<L- Amcrican Merchant Marine lust., New York, N. Y. Assistant Dircefor (Tuhlic Reht\ianx)--)()ltN K. 77:.YAMA'7, Special assistant t Atfantic Coast Director, Maritime Administration, New York, N. V. oirjwm. Ship Owners Associations Committee--RALPH E. CASEY, (ircsitlcnl, A inert jj.; can Merchant Marine Institute, New York, N. Y. lirman. Statistics and Contests Committee--CAPT. C. M. Lynch, manager, safety and training, Sinclair Refining co., Marcus Ilook, Pa. Director, Maritime tlstaeinfians--Safety Cooperation mid , tltcndancr--R. I. BAKEI, upbuilding and Ship Repair Committee--R. B. CHAPPELL, JR., industrial relations sccrctar*y-lrcasnrc, American Merchant Marine Inst., New York, N. T. B; Dmiarn-ta*gjj er*, .Ef lectric Boat div., vG,e.niue.rr,anl iD^jyrniaaimiuiccss ceoorp., Groton, Conn.; R. I). DAUTE- Director, Safety Information anti Casters--CAPT. MILTON IIRLECK, manager, BREiAnTi ER*r'.l../..-..^..n...^..nIefr' Afa--ryla--nel S*. B. & D-, DC. O-/ Baltimore, Md.j T. R. LEAD Shipping co.. Port 1 N. Y. Office, New York, N\ Y. - K r. t i.-um.o . ..,...}....c.. ,Y e..n..g..i.n..e..e..r., Todd .S..h..i.p.y. ards eorp,. New York. N. Y.; ROBERT v C. LEWIS, safety engineer, Bcfhlchctn Steel co., Bethlehem, Pa.; HERMAN J. Editor, Marine S'ewsleit rr--WARREN ft. LINDSAY, dirccU.r of Safety, ITiilwl SW NORDSTROM, safety engineer, Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock co., ; Newport News, Va.; JAMES O'DONNELL, director of Safety, Avondale Marine Lines, New York. N. Y. Ways, New Orleans, La.; J. A. STAFFORD, safety engineer, Ingalls Shipbuilding eorp., Pascagoula, Miss.: GILBERT WIDDOWSON, safely engineer, Sun $. B. & HCGfONAl ACTIVITIES AND COMMITTEES D. D. co., Chester, Pa.; I. C. YATES, director of safety, Alabama Drydock ft Ship building co.. Mobile, Ala. * slssblnnh In vice General Chairman (Coastal He'iions nnrf International Canvet REAR ADMIRAL HENRY C PERKINS, Commander. Third Coast Guard I 10 Lafayette St., New York. N. Y.; COMMANDER ALEXANDER W. WUKRK Exec. Secy., Merchant Marine Cunnril, V.I. S. Coast Gnartl, Washington 25, E airman, Engineering and Minimum Standards Committee--CAPT. R. A. SMYTH, assistant chief, Office of Merchant Safety, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. ^kairnum, l.inison Committee for Cargo Ship end Tanker Disrtusian Groups--CAPT. R. Assistant Chairmen (.Ulanlie Region) Tanker Operations--t'APT. WM. G. ANDERJ Mgr. of Operations, Marine div.. The Atlantic Refining Co.. Pfufudrfphin, Pa.; Otr WILLIAM B. CMAThTEt.il, Keystone Shipfdiig n>., Philadelphia, Pa.; A. I FISCHER, manager. Inland div.. Marine Trani*url Dept., Suomy-MohSt Oil Co, York. N. Y.; J. K. THOMPSON, assistant general manager, Marine Dept., Gulf I ' II. SMITH, manager safety department, United S`nc* P. tt I. Agrnrv, lnr,, New York, N. Y. ' Chairman, Tanker Safety Discussion Gro'up--/C'PHA' RLES A. CULVER, safely engineer, S Atlantic Refining eo., Philadelphia, Pa. en.. New York, N. Y. YjCheirnum, Cargo Ship Discussion Group-- CAI'T. ROBERT CORNWELL, safety director, /fwiifmif Chairman (Atlantic Krgian) Cartjn mol I'ossentjer I essels--JAMES 1, CRC V Isthmian Lines, New York, N. Y. LEY. director of safeiv, Mmrc-MrCnrmefc Lines, Inc., New Ynrk, N. Y. t Rfiairmon, Great Lakes Safely Discussion Group--ROBERT 1C. KRAT/.KRT, Vessel K Personnel mgr., Columbia Transportation co., Cleveland, Ohio. Awards Committee--CAPT, ROBERT E. MACKEY (Chairman), assistant manager, f Operations div.. Marine Dept., The Texas co.. New York, N. Y.; CAPT. E. W. Is FISKE, JR.; ). M. DEMPSEY, fR., manager, Marine dept., Stales Marine Lines, 5. New York. N. Y. ' SPECIAL GOVERNMENT COMMITTEES FOR SAFETy IN NATIONAL DEFENSE Clutirmon, Safely Policies for Regulations, Ship Inspections--R. ADM. H. T. U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D. C.; R. ADM. HALERT; HEARD. USCG (Ret.), Washington, D. C. ' Chairman, Committee for Safety in National Defense Transportation--VIC& JOHN M. WILL, USN, Commander, Military Sea Transportation ton, D. C. Atlantic Area--R. ADM. DONALD T. ELLER, Commander, M.S.T.S., BL . i'tt Pacific Area--R. ADM. H. S. PERSONS, Commander M.S.T.S., Fort Ml cisco, Calif. Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Area--R. ADM. FRANK L. JOHSON, London, England, c/o Navy 100, Fleet P.D., New York, N. Y. IPestcm Pacific Area--R. ADM. G. C. WRIGHT, Commander M.S.T.S., Y North Pacific Subarea--CAPT. N. A. LIDSTONE, Commander, M.S.T. Seattle, Washington. 3 Gulf Subarea--CAPT. J. H. BROWN, USN, Commander M.S.T.S., Gulf Orleans, La. Chairman, Safety Committee for U. S. Coast Guard--Safety Within the Si I..WVRKNCK M. HARDING, safely director and assistant engineer-fc Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Chairman, National Defense Trnm/>orlnfinn--Readiness--CAPT. M. I. GOOD! lime Administration, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Safety Committee for Longshoremen, Harbor Workers--RALPH W. STROM, Marine Safely Advisor, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Labor, Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Naval SlUpynrds Safety Committee--CAPT. II. L. MATH USN, director of safety, Office of Industrial Relations, Navy dept., Wa Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, I 00031)0 1957 National Safety Congress OFFICERS OF THE valve, operating from the press shaft, is used to interlock this circuit. There are many different ways to air valve a press clutch or brake. Depending on the specific application, certain ways may be less hazardous than others. in safely, other Items, such For it atdheeqkoJ>r guarding and interlocking, are very portant and must also be given card consideration.A. t AUTOMOTIVE ANI&MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 General Chairman--W. C BARBER, senior safety engineer, Standard Accident Insurance i Co., Detroit, Mich. Vite Chairman--EDWARD D. RAHDE, supervisor--Employee Benefits and Safety, Wesl.* inghouse Air Brake Co., Wilmerding, Pa. OFF-THE-JOB ACCIDENTS > Statistics are such boresome things It's carelessness in tittle things fjferetory--GILBERT A. SNYDER, supervisor, Safely and Sanitation, Allis-Chalmcrs t& Manufacturing Co., LnPortc, hid. [Program Chairman~G. C. SQUIER, safety engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Cor|>, Detroit, Mich. And figures rather dull. It's hundreds, millions, billions, trillions, Over which we mull. But facts are facts where ere we go Regardless of amounts, So here's some facts on accidents, And that's what really counts. It isn't always big machines With blades of sharpened steel That rob a man of arm or teg And make his senses reel. Nor is It always "on the job" Most accidents take place. Out just the opposite is true And figures prove our case. At home and on the street Neglect in moving objects small Newsletter Editor--W. EUGENE STUFFING, director of safety. Carrier Corp.. Syra cuse, N. Y. . Away from ttmnlng feet. A makeshift ladder, sliding rugs. Engineering Methods and Procedures Committer--GEORGE E. HUMPHREY (Chair man), safely director, Cadillac Div., General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.; DAN F. BRADY, manager of safety. The Maytag Co., Newton, Iowa; WILLIAM E. GRUBER, manager. Safety Engineering Dept., Standard Accident Insurance Co., Electric cords that spark A disregard for cellar stairs Detroit, Mich.; JOHN R. MAGORIAN, director of safety, Federal Enameling ft Stamping Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. E. McKELDIN, safety supervisor, Westinghousc Electric Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.; D. T. MOULD, safely director, General Motors And stumbling in the dark. Corp., Detroit, Mich.; A. J. RUZICII, safety engineer, Chrysler Corp., Mopar Plant, Center Line, Mich.; ROBERT VERHAAREN, asst, safety director, Ford Instrument Crossing where no crossings are Co* Div. of Sperry Rand Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.; C. A. UcMONGE, personnel director, Kelscy-Hayes Wheel Co., Detroit, Mich.; CARL J. PETERSON, staff safety While looking at the sky, engineer, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich.; EUGENE E. GARRITY, safety director, Driving on a slippery road With milestones whizzing by. Hunter Division, Robins ft Myers Inc., Memphis, Ycmi.; ROE BOONE, safety engi neer, Procter ft Gamble Defense Corp., Milan Arsenal, Milan, Tcnn.; MILTON A. RATJIERT, safely director, C. Hager ft Sons Hinge Co., St. Louis, Mo.; JOSEPH MOORE, safety engineer, Schlage Lock Co., Bayshore lilvd, Sail Francisco, Calif.; These are the things that take a toll We all should frown upon MORGAN OWENS, Chevrolet, Oakland Division, General Motors Corp., Oakland, Calif. ' So watch for them when ofT the job. lEJueotion and Training Committee--O. J. I'fCKKL (Chariman), supervisor. Safely anil " Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corp., St. Loins, Mo.; W. EUGENE STUFFING, As well as when you're on. director of safety. Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NitY.; ROBERT BEESON, safety super visor, Hagerstown Plant Perfect Circle Corp., Hagerstown, Ind.; JOHN E. KANE, supervisor of safety, Temstedl Division, General Motors Corp., Trenton Plant, Trenton. -Humble Pife Line Company, Houston, Tts^k N. J.; WILLARD KERR, associate professor, Illinois Institute of Technology, ooo3f.i Chicago. III.; DANIEL G. SULLIVAN, safety director, Pittsburgh Screw and Bolt -J"t Gorp, Pittsburgh, Pa.; HUGO PETERSON, manager of training, Bcndix Corp, 5 South Bend, Ind.; 1^. CLARK WOODWARD, director of safety, A. O. Smith Corp, P Milwaukee. Wis.: I. \V. YOUNG. International Harvester Co.. Chicago. Ilf.; HOWARD R. HANSEN. SR.. Sal*-. !>rr**r. .V.- -v:- Trr-r^*-n D:v, Fo-d lMottor Co:, ___w*Hi:'-.: LE'"* ----- - jtWorfcj, xr L'rlrr. - ~~"- Ufe&arr Jiirri-'trr;--r [JLC? -- - " - *" - " Health and Maintenance Committee--RAY HARVEY (Chairman), assistant safely director. Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Midi.; J. C. RADCL1FFE, supervisor. Industrial Health Unit, Medical Section, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; W, G. HAZARD, Industrial Relations Div., Owens-Illinois, Toledo, Ohio; J. W. "LAKE, industrial hygiene engineer, Michigan Mutual Liability Co., Detroit, Mich.; JOHN B. MVNES, Olds- OFFICERS OF THE POWER PRESS AND FORGING SECTION mobile Div., General Motors Corp., Lansing, Mich.; M. F. DIANCARDI, manager, Safety Services Dept., Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; EDGAR NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 0. PRANGE, safety director, Uendix Aviation Corp., South Rend, Ind.; OWEN PEEL, safety department, Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--RALPH M. COE (Chairman), safety director, Goodman Manu General Chairman--T. A. KRAKOW, director of safety, Deere ft to., Moline, III. facturing Co., Chicago, III.; PAUL KRAMOS, chief safely engineer, Butler Manufac turing Co., Kansas City, Mo.; B. J. POVOLNY, safely director, Harrison Radiator Pice Chairman--C. D. BKAINERD, safely director, Olds Forge Haul, Oldsmohilc div., Div., General Motors Corp., Lockport, N. Y.; F. H. HUMPHREYS, manager, Prop | General Motors corp., Lansing, Mich. erty Dept., A.C.F. Corporate Service, Industrial Service, Industries, New York, Inc., Detroit, Mich.; H. Internationa} Harvester N. Y.; J. E. MOORE, vice president, II. HUNTINGTON, assistant consultant, Co., Chicago, Ilf.; WARD ANDREWS; [ Secretary--FRANK HAUSMAN, of Wisconsin, River Forest, III. safely engineer. Employers Mutual Liability Ins. co. < Protective Equipment Inc., Rock Island, HI. ' Program Chairman--JAMES MeCLIAMANS, safety supervisor, Wrsi'mgliniisc Electric Staff Representative--HARRY C. JOHNSON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. corp., Sharon, Pa. . Engineering and Technical I'uhliealions Committee Chairmen--Wtt.I.IAM II. BERRY, superintendent, forge div.. International Harvester co. 'Praetor Work*. Chicago, III.; ROBERT A. MKYDKN, chief, electrical and maintenance dept.. Western Electric cn., Chicago, III. Uacation nnd Training Committee Chairman--THOMAS If. BULLARD, safety manager. The Budd co., Philadelphia, Pa. ''nhlic Relations Committee C/kuYwuu--DONALD W. STITT, ass'l. general manager, industrial relations, Continental Can co., New York, N. Y. Membership Committee Chairman--GEORGE M. JOHNSON, safety director, Dithold fur., Canton, Ohio ' [f-thc-Job Safety Committee Chairman--HAROLD l\ LILLIE, director, Safely Council of Greater Lansing, Lansing, Mich. nvsletler Editor--GEORGE R. ORTH, staff assistant, Accident Prevention, Wearingt house Electric co., Pittsburgh, Pa. hff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safely Council, Chicago, Ml. 000 'embers: JOHN D. ALLEN, safely director, Wyin.tti-Cnrduo. Worcester, Mass.: HOWARD BUSS, safety director, Oneida Limited. Oniiila, N. V.; CHARLES II CANNON, education div., Dept, of l^tltor, Stale of Illinois, Chicago, III.; JOHN A. CHURCHILL, safety service dept., Allis-Chalmers Mfg. cn.. Milwaukee, Wis.; HAROLD A. DASCHNER, managing director, Pressed Metal Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; WILLARD A. DUDLEY, dept, of fire prevention and safely, Eastman Kodak to., Kodak Park Works. Rochester, N. Y.; *GIVHN If, DUGGER, director, health and safety div., U.S.A.E.C., Alhiiipicrrpic Operations Office, Alhinpicrrpic, N. M.; CLYDE 0. ENOCHS, safety director, Chevrolet--Flint div., General Motors eoip., Flint, Mich.; 'ARTHUR R. GRAHAM, supervising safety engineer, Chicago District, Bituminous Casualty corp., Chicago, III.; 'WALTER L, HANAU, assistant superintendtnt, engineering dept., The Fidelity ft Casualty Co. of New York, Chicago, III.; 'ED WARD A. HESSMER, director of safely, The Oliver corp., South Bend, Ind.; WIL15.11AM A. ISAACSON, safety director, L. A. Young corp., Detroit, Mich.; HOUSTON |B. LAMBERT, safety supervisor, A. C. F. Industries, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y.; FRANK W. .U MARCACCIO, cliicf, industrial inspection div., Rhode Island Dept, deuce, R. I.; M. (MIKE) MCCARTHY, safety consultant, Columbus' corp., Detroit, Midi.; E. H. MEEKS, personnel and safety director,,lTi liams Steel Forging corp., Alliance, Ohio; ELI D. MILLER, manager,VS^I nf South Wend, South Bend, lnd.; CARL J. PETERSON, stall safety ler corp., Detroit, Mich.; *C1. DEWEY REED, safely engineer, Underwriters, Lansing, Midi.; E. D. SALLEE, company supervisor ol industrial hygiene, American Can co., New York, N. Y.; J. ROBERT Parrish Pressed Steel co., Reading, Pa.; WILLIAM H. SLAGER, work visor, International Harvester co., Tractor Works, Chicago, HI.; GEORGE' safety director, John Deere Planter Works of Deere & Co., Moline, IllVl P1LLAT, M.D., The Oliver corp., South Bend, lnd.; `EDWIN J.lWJ district safety supervisor, American Brake Shoe co., Chicago, III.; GEO staff engineer, Clearing Machine corp., div. of U.- S. Industries, Inc, `Former General Chairman ft 4 f 34 t m nvi; :\{r ;mUt sS M a 00031)3 ;ir; *I % J < 1 $ " ` `-'vuifts OFFICERS OF THE MINING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Statistics Committee--JOHN C. MAC1IISAK (Chairman), thief, Accident Analysis Branch U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, I). G ' [ Jtyety Promotion Committee--ALLEN D. LOOK (Chairman). U. S. Bureau of Mines. Federal Building, Ihihilh, Minn.; GEORGE SALE Mining Congress Journal, Wash ington, D. C.; ALVIN W. KNOHRR, Engineering Ik Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.: GEORGE O. AKGALL, JR., Mining World, San Francisco, Calif.; CHRIS MAMKN, Canadian Mining Journal, Gardcnvale, Quebec, Canada; DAVID N. SKILLINGS. *'!, Skillings Mining Review, Duluth, Minnesota. General Chairman--H. SLOAN E, director of safety division, Mining Association of B. C,' Vancouver, B. C. "i First Vice-Chairman--S. E. SHARP, Tennessee Copper co., Copperhill, Tenn. .4 Hygiene onrf Fenfifolion Committee--J011N W. WARREN (Chairman), Anaconda co., Butte, Mont.; ED. LEONARD, Inland Steel co., Ishpeming, Mich.; DONALD S. KINGERY, Mine Ventilation Section, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Second Vice-Chairman--C. R. NELL, Bethieliem Cornwall corp., Cornwall, Pa. Umbers-at-Large--*R. F. WILSON, Oliver Iron Mining div., U. S. Steel corp., Duluth, Minn.; `JOE T. WILLIAMS, Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentration Third Vice-Chairman--ROGER F. A. THEW, safely engineer, Steep Rock Iron Mina Limited, Steep Rock, Ontario. f company, Kellogg, Idaho; `GEORGE GEDGE Phelps Dodge corp.. Copper Queen Branch, Btsbee, Ariz.; `OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining co., Salt Lake City, Utah; *A. J. STROMQUlST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron co., Ishpeming, Newsletter Editor--R. G. WARNCKE, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. G B<, Mich.; `CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, Timmins, Ontario, Canada; `GEORGE GERRY, Pickands Mather & co., tronwnnd, Assistant Newsletter Editors--Lake Superior District, F. D. WOLEBEN, Oliver Iron Mich.; *R. F. WILSON, Oliver Iron Mining Division, U. S. Steel corp., Duhtlli, Minn. Mining Division, U. S. Steel corp., Virginia, Minn.; Eastern District, JOSEPH WEEKS, New Jersey Zinc company, Franklin, N. J.; Southeastern District, M. F. $t$B Representative--CLINTON II. IIOCH, National Safety Connell, Chicago, III. THOMPSON, American Zinc company, Mascot, Tenn.; Western Dijfricf, W. LYNN HART, American Smelting and Refining company, Wallace, Idaho; Central District, `Fart General Chairman H. B. HUTCHENS, Eagle-Pieher Mining and Smelting company, Miami, Okla.; Seatfc- westem District, PAUL HUNTER, Chino Mines division, Kennecott Copper company. Hurley, N. M.; Ontario District, ROGER F. A. THEW, safety engineer, Steep Rod Iron Mines Ltd., Steep Rock, Ontario, Canada; Quebec District, J. E BERRIDG& Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Eastern Caned* District, JOHN ABB1SS, Buchans Mining company, Buchans, Newfoundland, Canada; Western Canada District, IVAN H. SLOANE, director of safety division, Mining Association of B. C. Vancouver, B. C. Entertainment Committee CAoirmon--J. T. RYAN, JR., Mine Safety Appliances co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Engineering Committee--J. M. SMITH (Chairman), Asbestos Corporation Ltd., Thelford*; Mines, Quebec, Canada; JOHN B. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelling co.Ltd|g'! of Canada, Trail, British Columbia, Canada; DALE J. BROWN, Nevada Mines diri- sion, Kennecott Copper corp., Magill, Ncv.; GEORGE A. BORGESON, M. A. Ham co., Htbbing, Minn. Membership Committee--AL KOLU (Chairman), Pickands Mather A co., Duluth, Mini; WALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; CLIFFORD GIBSON, . Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, Timmins, Ontario, Canada; EMMETT K.OLSON, JR., Kennecott Copper Cmp., Utah Copper Div., Salt LakeGlj, Utah; NEAL H. GEORGE, Quebec Metal Mines Accident Prevention Association Quebec, Canada. ' Program Committee--JOHN A. JOHNSON (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, WiA- ington, D. C.; A. W. NESS, American Smelting & Refining co., Salt Lake City, Utah; MAURICE LA FONTAINE Department of Mines, Montreal, Quebec, CanaAc JOSEPH HALL, Reserve Mining company, Silver Bay, Minn. >* Poster and Visual Aids Committee--HERBERT A. WENDEL (Chairman), The Anaeonfe company, bureau of safety, Butte, Mont.; A. W. NESS, American Smelting it refinhf company, Salt Lake City, Utah; A. J. STROMQUlST, Cleveland-Cliffs Iron co, lfe", peming, Mich.; M. C. M. POLLARD, National Gypsum co., Buffalo, N. Y.; J. It HARKINS, The Anaconda co., Butte, Montana; P. C. SIMMONS, Phelps-Dodge an!' Morenci, Arizona. ' Sr >1 000311(5 A v OFFICERS OF THE COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 rtfmt: .1, I.. HUGHES, diiivtoi nl silely, Sonibrtn inli(<niit.i liriplii l.nus, !., t Angeles, Calif.; II. II, LOWDKN, safety su;Tvisor, Pacific Tckpliune & Tele* vtraph co., San Francisco, Calif.; B. 15. McENTEIC, general safety manager, Denver Chicago Trucking co., Inc., Denver, Colo.; R, O. OLSOM, safety director, Dan Dugan ji Oil & Transport co., Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; W. C. TAYLOR, director, personnel and safely, Kingsby Truck Lines, fur., Denver, l*nbi. (Vwr/ori: \V. M. A1CHER, employee relations, U. S. Brewers Foundation, Inc.. New 1 York, N. Y.; N. E. AIKIN, director of industrial relations. Commercial Motor Freight, General Chairman--F. S. LAKE, director of safety, Interstate Motor Freight System, Inc, Grand Rapids, Mich. !3i Vice Chairman--KARL SCHULZE, senior safety engineer. Standard Oil co. of California Western Operations, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. * > Inc., Columbus, Ohio; C. D. CALKINS, director of safely, Pacific Motor Trucking co., San Francisco, Calif.; 15. G. COX, chief, section <,* motor carrier safely. Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C.; E. .1. EMONI), director, automotive safety, , Armour atwl co., Chicago. III.; W. T. GOWENS, director, safety and personnel, Pilot ; Freight Carriers, Inc., Winston-Salem, N. C.; H. K. IIALIIROOKS, director, accident Secretary--L. F. PURVES, superintendent, Toronto Star, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, CanadL- ' prevention div., National Automobile Transporters Assn., Detroit. Mich.; A. L. HAUCK, .director, safety and public relations, Transportation Underwriters, Inc., Indianapolis, Immediate Post General Chairman--K. N. BEADLE, director of safety, Pacific IntenH ImL; J. P. HIGHTOWER, director of transportation and safety. The Greyhound Corp., mountain Express, Oakland, Calif. ''Chicago, III.; H. R, HOSEA, director of research, National Assn, of Motor Bus SStlaannddiinngo CCoommmmiitttteeee CChhaaiirrmmeenn:: _ .JBsV.Ovappycesmr,aitoIonrrcss.,,. WWInadaissahhniinnggjmttoolinns,,, DDIm.. lGG.; ;;K.MMI..VRRK.. EJJLEELNNOSSGEEGNN,,, svveiiccceeretpparrreeyss.iiddMeennilttk.. CCInoodnnssuooslltiirddyaatteeFddmtFFndrrccaiilggiolliiutt--, ` e c wi't CON snncrinlctidcul of safety. Burlington Truck Lines, Inc., G>lfc.|VVantsylsi,iniI>ncl(...n1InId).iaGna;poWlis., GIm. Ml.;AKC. INIVTOKESLHL,OmGaGna,Rscer,creentgairnye, eMrinilgk dIenpdtu.,sHtryarFtfmortdndAalciocut-, Progromr-S. E. NLLSON, '.ipcrmfci. e . . 'Was^ldngtJmni,.k,D,,.,,iC,y.r CWl,, NGewMYAornk.wNm. Ye..;i A......1..5.....N. -15Y1IA RT, adm inistrative head. The burg' . . .. . Dnlun Transfer co.. Rock IsIuAI fentnxy..l.v.anMtaovSimtaitieiy Ucnn.i,veisreswity.xUornKi,veNr.sitYy,;PAar.k1,5P. Na.E; YR1. INA.RPTA, PadICmHin,isstraafetivtyechoenasdu.ltTahnte. Contest-J. A. DtPEW. director of safety and personnel, Uotirn transter co. lit. ''Tjjfliff fenmylvant;i.aStaa.le,,. Unwiv-e.rsvit_y.,t.Unmivevrsi.ty..P..a...r.k..,...P..a.....;...R.....N..... PAPICH, safely consultant, j American Gas Assn., New York, N. Y.; F. J. WIRKKN, director, safely and personnel. Driver Award--N. J. BLEAU, safety director, Automobile Shippers, Inc., Detroit, Mid Membership--J. W. JACOBSON, director, accident control div., F. J. Boulell Driveav co., Inc., Flint, Mich. Ji Interstate Bakeries Corp., Kansas City, Mo. * ' Representative: AL FINCH, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. , Regional Chairmen: Central--J. H. WASPI, director of safety and driver personnel, Allied Van Lines, Ik,] Broadview, 111. Eastern--B. A. RENNOLDS, safety director, Virginia Stage Lines, Inc., Charlotfcn. , ville, Va. Southern--W. L. FRIGON, director of industrial relations, Hcunis Freight Lines, Winston-Salem, N. C. Western--A. S. LOMBARDI, safely and personnel director, Western Truck Lines, Los Angeles, Calif. .jj Members-at-large: jj Central; E. M. BARBER, director of safety ami personnel, Scherer Freight Lines, IkJ Ottawa, Ilf.; J. L. CANTRELL, safety manager. Miller Brewing co., Milwaukee, Whs E. A. HATFIELD, safety director, Coca Cola Bottling co,, St. Louis, Mo.; R. U MOSIMAN, director of safety and personnel, Riss & co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo.;G. U ROSS, director of safety and compliance, Frotcn Food Express, Dallas, Texas. fj Eastern: T. J. BIDDLE, administrator, motor vehicle safety, U. S. Post Office DepL Washington, D. C.; W. A. DUFFY, director of safety ami personnel, The DavMjoi Transfer 8: Storage co., Baltimore, Md.; C. E. EHRENBERGER, manager, operates dept., Standard Brands, Inc., New York, N. Y.; J. W. LUMPKIN, manager, safe Railway Express Agency, Inc., New York, N. Y.; G. L. SMITH, assistant vice dent, Motor Cargo, Inc., Akron, Ohio. Southern: W. W. CARTER, director, safely and personnel, Johnson Motor Lines, Ifl Charlotte, N. C.; H. R. GRANT, JU., safely director, Deaton Truck Lines, Bimun ham, Ala.; J. E. REID, director of safety and personnel. Central Motor Lines, In Charlotte, N. C.; E. J. STEVENS, transportation manager, Atlanta Newspapers,* Atlanta, Ga.; II. T. WALTON, director, dept, of safety, McLean Trucking Winston-Salem, N. C. 58 0003!)7 aft-'- 5V I&S? Notional Safety Congress oco M'i 08 V : Occtipafifluof Health Nursing Srrlnm vts given to this. In maintaining a safe bat it. As industrial nurses you can do your i -nalized by legal action. D ibte working products and processes. Industry produced ,iiant, however, all three must be given (jual importance. Since asphyxia has become an increasing lireat in our ir >vt complex industrial world, t behooves us ai1 to do our utmost to com* part by learning more about the ImardsiinjL ^conditions as contrasted to . ,, lega..lly your own plant, and then by being ever^l ^allowable conditions have ^tthv-Jnvomlilc ready to act immediately. By applying your '! ^aspects which pay off in thefong run, both knowledge and skills you may be able to re* | directly and indirectly. store breathing and save human life-A. - Now occupational disease must embrace large quantities of jitgli quality products l>oth old and lffcw,''Ttfld as expeditiously ns possible with due regard to health and safely of the people producing. With the wartime economy, programs previously considered loo :`many tilings: the pneumoconioses, the dcr- expensive suddenly began. The cost plus jmatoses and the many toxic exposures. The war contracts allowed the introduction of (hazard of uncontrolled exposure of lead things long wanted ami considered worth NEW TRENDS IN (fumes, benzol, carbon tetrachloride, beryl while. In the health field particularly these lium, cadmium, trichlorethylcnc, insecticides, programs were favored. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS ` and now more recently radioactive materials have opened a new field for exploration. ' WAR EXPANDED INDUSTRY SAFETY by DR, H. GLENN GARDINER M INDUSTRY FOLLOWED LEGISLATION medical director, Indiana Harbor Works, Inland Steel co., East Chicago, Ind. . ljWith the coming of O.D. acts, people natized the need for promoting occupa- tbnal health programs in industry. The The inclusion of the words "trends" and `new" necessitate establishing a base from >v|iich to launch. To identify the subject matter, I avoid the highly technical changes in the complex field of chemistry generally and the atomic nergy area particularly. The more technical phases of these special fields seldom conem the nurse and few physicians. Yet, llie impact of these developments is felt through>ut the industry'. little known or rarely seen today: functional '{ knowledge of fluid and electrolyte balance, * early postoperative ambulation, internal fixa- | lion materials (metal alloys) used In bone surgery sucli as intramedullary pins and plates belter tolerated by the tissues. Plastic a and metal suture materials producing little jl or no tissue reaction are further examples y of technical progress in traumatic surgery, yj Amphetamines and antihistamines have come into their own. existing units in city, county and state health departments were expanded--new de partments were established where none ex ited before. Large industry found it ecoiwnic to seek their help. Where the prob lem were great and the demand exceeded the existing facilities, some of the more foresighted industries developed (heir own programs. Large casualty insurance carriers respon sible for the smaller industries pursued the Going back to the beginning trends in iccupalionnl health in 1937 \vc will first dis- USI the field of patient care. Few impor tant medications used then arc still in use oday. Of course, the principles of good, lean, basic surgical care have not changed, tone antiseptics today were then new and (ill to prove themselves. Tetanus antitoxin vai widely nsci'. but their problem of scrum itkness and various oilier potential allergic phenomena attendant to its use are still with is'today. Immunization of large groups with ioosler shot follow-ups was not yet prac ticed. - WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS Secondly, 1937 was the year of legal awareness of occupational disease. For die first time industry and the business firms concerned witli Workmen's Compensation were forced to take cogmrancc of liability for certain occupational diseases. The big bad monster was silicosis. Ilow well I remember the fear and consternation in Industry and Casualty' Insurance Car riers of Workmen's Compensation when leg islation enforced these responsibilities. So little was known about the disease at that course of enlightened preventive medicine beyond the field of simple mechanical prin ciples of safety. Other allied groups, dedi cated to saving life and limh created or ex panded such programs, notably, the National Safety Council, the American Medical As sociation ami tiic Industrial Hygiene Foun dation. I'rc-cmployment physical examina tions, including chest x-rays, were'desirable in most industries and a must in others. Selective placement became a reality to em ploy certain people without liability risks to employers. Occupational health was influenced by the None of our present battery of chemo therapeutic and antibiotics were then avail able. There were such things as antitoxins, specific antisera, vaccines of general and -pectfic types, the mysterious bacteriophages md immunogens being used with hope, but the effectiveness never approached the sucess we now routinely anticipate with our medicines. Many adjuncts - of yesteryear are little time. The widespread industrial exposure to free silica was fantastic. Some people predicted total bankruptcy for industry and the allied insurance people. Time and rea son have taken the place of fear. Silicosis is known, but completely con trollable in our modern industry by better housekeeping, improved handling techniques, substitution of safer, yet suitable materials and where necessary, the use of personal effects o! World War 11. Even before the United States became an active participant, industry moved into high gear productionwise. The resultant attendant hazards were apparent and often resulted from constant demands for increasing quality, as well as Quantity. With active war declared, gov ernmental agencies were concerned both di rectly and indirectly in all plants handling war or defense contracts. used or unknown today. Similarly, the dis protective equipment Management has been eases they were calculated to control are compelled to change its attitude or be pe- Their concern was not limited to sabotage done, but included development of new With the O.D. acts and World War II, occupational health came of age and gath ered momentum. The unprecedented post war prosperity has been a potent factor. The creation of new groups and expansion of old groups represented physicians, nurses, hygienists, dentists and physicians. A board of occupational health as a subspccinlty of preventive medicine with public health anti aviation medicine has come into being. Spe cial training at postgraduate level is now available in t. number of medical schools for special degree? certifying training and pro ficiency in His field. Competition exists between the various or ganizations representing the interests of the professional people but it is a healthy, co operative competition, adding to the accom plishments of each other and the ultimate goals of all. In the field of occupational health, safety and health are inseparable. Industry has learned that it is economic to give formal attention'to matters pertaining to health and safety. Large industries provide Ihcir own. small industries buy from or though insur ance carriers or groups providing medical, dental, nursing, hygiene, engineering or other applicable services. More professional peo ple are' devoting part or all their time to problems related to occupational health than ever before. Permanent impairment, time lost from work and the mortality and moibnJily of occupational origin is at an all time low per unit produced. Our old problems are largely controlled, and new problems anticipated and minimized. Those escaping temporarily are soon identified, classified and dealt with. More and more (lie expert is called during the planning stage. By this means the recog nizable hazard in the new product or process 14 15 1957 National Safety Congress T l, 000391) i \ Octupajmml Health Nursing Srctios is considered and often with great economic advantage. The delay in marketing a prod uct after discovering an unsafe process can be disastrous. Materials or procedures can be altered when anticipating a toxic hazard of intolerable scope will occur. CONTROL ENVIRONMENT FOR HEALTH Environmental controls by the engineering and occupational hygiene approach in the better organized plants give attention to minute details. Not only hazards, but nui sance problems receive attention. Dust, gas, smoke, fumes and vapors which may be a community, as well as a plant problem, are seen. The very presence of these things in some manufacturing processes may indicate an inefficient or uneconomic operation, and correction would serve multiple benefit. Also, under this general program are food available to workers, its preparation, han dling and disposition in a safe, clean, ap petizing manner, a place to eat, and garbage and sewage disposal in a safe and acceptable fashion. Water pollution is often a greater prob lem than air pollution. The sportsman and the nature conservationist, backed up by laws, keep us alert to the dangers and dam ages of polluting lakes and streams. Sani tary facilities, bath water, drinking water, salinized as a convenience if general plant treatment and new techniques with present resentatives of joint Afefthittees of medical medications hastens healing-with less pro duction time loss and less permanent im rpecialists and others V^K releasing conclu sions on the basis of <jj2fifcrf*ent knowledge pairment residual. Union Health Centers for guidance. We can not yet say with are daily assuming a more important role reasonable certainly some of the (lungs that in the health matters of the worker, his family and the community. - Far more nurses are employed in indui-. try and their presence and proper functions ate better understood and supported by man-? agement. The need for their collaboration, with (he physician responsible for the plant! health program is soundly established, buH not practiced as closely as desired in man# must be said and sustained before legisla tion amends the Workmen's Compensation jLaws. j Workmen's Compensation is a means of providing a cost of living during periods of disability due to occupational illness or injury and to offset the loss of future earning capacity (based on past experience f the individual) of a person permanently instances. EDUCATION AIDS O.D.- mpaired by occupational illness or injury. Some states still provide little or no remedy tnder the law for the employee, and there With the advent of visual aids in traitff ' is a great disparity between benefits proing and safety programs, we have the modi ' vHcd in Lite slates. Due to the lag in our advanced media for health education pur-* lefistalive system, no state provides ade poses, for on-thc-job nnd ofT-lhe-job acting ., quately and probably never will unless a tics. These messages relate not only to Ik , more practical, flexible, realistic, applicable employee, but the various members of hit.! formula is legislated to follow the con family. Perhaps more familiar are tk stantly changing cost of living. health messages presented through payrol Amendments to Workmen's Compcnsa* envelope inserts, bulletin board and varioa tiat acts in recent'years have done little piagazincs, newspaper and other media. Tk lo.improve the situation. In addition, the trend is increasing utilization of service, interpretation of the existing acts by po through effective application of expert; litically qualified, but otherwise unqualified knowledge in a broadening and growing fietf, representatives, have led to widespread of specialization. ' abuses which embrace the creeping socialism so despised ihj principle by many of u< There is no*' (pubt that there arc man ' people`ddSWvrriff of help from public fund' yet this scarcely constitutes reason for call ing upon Workmen's Compensation benefit at the immediate expense of industry t pay compensation for conditions not tvo remotely related to the man's job, sitnpl because there Is presently no other pine wherein money can be made available h him. Industry has been and continues to b the whipping boy of our inadequate soda system as it exists today in the legal sense We must say something to disconrngi complacency, carelessness and the indiscrim inate use of wonder drugs, including tetanus antitoxin, the sulfas, penicillin and its de rivatives and all the other chemical ami antibiotic preparations. They arc Iwo-cdgcd swords. There arc definite indications for their use and definite contra-indications, and also a broad area of uncertainty where good judgment and experience most be relied mi. To date wc have no reasonable substitute for experience. The indiscriminate use of these drugs is reprehensible and at times approaches criminal. The potential of mis hap, sensitivity, etc., is great and must not be taken lightly. As a rule when in doubt, don't. Make your mistakes on the safe side.A. area is hot and pest control, should not be overlooked in the 'area of environmental control. *Tlie rapid developments trT chemistry and physics are almost beyond comprehension. Competition brings almost a daily announce ment of an improved product, something that will do more for less and easier. With this comes the problems of employees' dan ger in toxicity of products, its basic com ponents, its by-products, its production tech niques, and also the hazard to the community, the ultimate consumer, the consumer's neigh bor and customers. Here we are talking about the present day insecticides, the sol vents, i.e., hydrocarbon derivatives such as in the rubber and synthetic rubber industry, and the radioactive materials. Geiger count ers are now as commonplace to the hy gienists as was the impingcr a few years ago. More pre-employment physical examina tions are being carried out. Fewer injuries per unit produced are encountered. Earlier TWENTy VEARS INCREASED PROBLEMS j Are all of our problems solved? Not h < a tong way. Automation and industrial re ? ' ' V.-'- search and progress generally wilt see tlat, this docs not occur. The effects and affedt ! J SOME CURRENT ASPECTS OF MEDICAL QUACKERY upon emotions and morale may create proh I Jems not easily solved. This has ineveastf the need for nurses, psychologists, physician and other specially trained personnel. Tk by OLIVER FIELD director, Bureau of Investigation; Amc'ican Medical Assn., Chicago newer drugs termed "tranquilizers" haw proven helpful when used judiciously. Now 20 years after the O-D. furor d 1937 are we facing a problem of similai size and similar concern? Strangely ani coincidentally wc arc. Noise and occupa tional deafness right now is a very majoi concern of many industries, businesses anJ casualty insurance companies, similar to tlw near-panic from the early version of silicosis Recently wc learned a great deal abort noise and its harmful effects on human hear ing. There is still a great deal to be learned Some of the early hysteria is abating. Rep In discussing the subject of "Some Cur rent Aspects of Medical Quackery," it is perhaps advisable to consider the present status of pretension to medical skill in the light of what has gone before, particularly during the past half-century. The Bureau of Investigation has been functioning for more than 50 years as a clearing-house of information on matters in this category. The Bureau was started as a department of the Journal of the American Medical Association, partly be cause of the zeal of the young physician who, soon after graduation from medical school, came to work as an editorial as sistant. But his own personal experience caused him to begin a crusade of exposure of the evils of quackery and the venality of a large segment of the "patent medicine" industry. . At about the time this physician arrived as au employee of the American Medical Association, the Congress passed the firt Pure Food and Drugs Act. The examples that wc have of "cures" and products and their labeling in those days illuslralc (he 16 1957 Notional Safety Congress 000400 changes that have come about, particularly by the passage o( the 193$ Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. OFFICERS OF THE any value in any disease category, bis OCCUPATIONALcessor*. the Christian .Medical Retail League oC Detroit, continue to sell "Ch jALTH NURSING NO INFORMATION SOURCE Coxlyyolidxyel"idefoirs $l2a5b.e0l0edfotro abe2 acco. naettTwil" Before the passage of that Act, which, trillion aqueous dilution of several alkff! SEC among other things, requires the revelation ingredients. It is not at all surprising itj of the active ingredients on the retail label, no chemist has been able to find anytfca NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 there was no source except perhaps the in the ampule but water. I Bureau of Investigation to furnish the medi- Jo 0,f,er fie|ds (fie capitalizes I eal profession and the public the inform*- ,jie advancements of science. We have, ki lion. Books, pamphlets and reports m the example, the products alleged to be rafrf`tnerol Chairman--VERNA PASKUNA, R.N., Owens Illinois, Glass Container Div., Journal itself constituted the media whereby active> wWch orig;nated in the United Sms Streator, III, Dr. Arthur Cramp did lus very effective wor't* Before the discovery of insulin by Banting at |cast| in |he ni}(1 1920's. These were itL ice Chairman--DOROTHY ARMSTRONG, R.N., Peoples Gas, Light ft Coke Co., as rejuvenators and "cure-alls." Some ha no radioactivity whatsoever, others Chicago, 111. and Best of Toronto, there were a good many diabetic quacks. Their principal prod- nets were diuretics. Their cCllaaiimmss wWeCrrCe broad, the-*i-r p- e- r*formance woefully inade quate. Today, Imwever, it is in the field of cancer that the particular interest of both the public and the medical profession lies. In a period of 10 months we counted, in dangerously radioactive. The modern-i ice Chairman & Membership Chairman-*BARBARA BOREN, K.N., Anstil Chemical application is tire uranium-mine promofoj Go* Marinette, Wis. This has had the benefit of publicity v| Urrr. ------------ - hmbership Committee: MARY E. BLANEY, R.N., Charmin Pa|>er Products Co., Green several other slates. [`jBay, Wis.; MRS. HAZEL LEEDKE, R.N., Tliiltnatiy Pulp ft Paper Co., Knukauna, 1 The same is true of the radio. Wh radio became popular in the I920's, a Cj Afpr Letter Editor--DOROTHY FUNK, R.N., Falls Paper Co., Oconto Falls, Wis. dt^ER P__iM,,Cr* Abr',rTM- 8 Frtgram Committee: HAPPY BRUDER R.N., (Chairman), Saks Filih Ave., Chicago, a little more than 4,000 inquiries, more than 1,000 on the subject of cancer "cures" and treatments. The example that we have here, particu larly the Hoxsey cancer treatment, and cxampl,es o,f the m- ethod-s ..o..f....p..r.o..m. .otion.,...m. ake of Abrams--claiming thatiSraiMd^'0 S I,L; HELEN MERCER, R.N., Dodge Mfg. Corp., Mishawaka. Ind.; PAULINE from a drop of the blood, and thaT MILLER, R.N., Fairbanks Morse Co.. Beloit. Wis.; MRS. JOSEPHINE JOINER, disease had "vibratory" rates. Abrams h ; R.N, Southern Bell Telephone ft Telegraph Co., Miami, Fla. many imitators, among whom was a elm - - .. D.p..r.ra...etDorroinwnLo,sclaAimngeedl,esanlsaom, et,dhI aRtnutlslh,heDDrcromov Jlr'> m""yMCRoSm. m"RiUtteTeH: MMMRKcSC!.ARMTUHRYIE, RL.NK.,NNUaPtiKonEa,l RBr.Noa.,dcNaasttiinognaCl oBmipsacunyit, CCoh.i,caCghoi,caIUgo.;, it evident that over the years the quack has diagnose from a drop of the blood ill JOANNA ANDERSON, R.N., Blue Cross-Blue Shield, Chicago, III. learned by experience that he is ever so failed mlserahlv -... ____ __ ....VII . IS- iXllinCJ religion and when he sells the public on the claim that be is a matlyr to medical perse cution. . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HELPS a committee of scientists at the Universal Nominating Committee: MRS. MAREN STANLEY, R.N. (Chairman), Union Carbide of Chicago. Corporation, Chicago, 111.; ERNA MAYRER, R.N., E. I. du Pont de Nemours ft Co., There are many other categories in wind , Antioch, Calif.; MRS. JOAN TIMKE, R.N* American Medical Assn., Chicago, HI.; the quack flourishes--in tire field of redul icnugrttp. rrecpjuarvacttiown,os,rs,a,,rt1hCrsitpiseciaailudf ierhtcourmJa'tSW ( MRS. HAZEL LEEDKE, R.N., Thilman Pulp ft Paper Co., Kaukauna, Wis. Tl>t federal government, in the agency of anj ,|ie cure-all gadgets. It was Vollair Visual Aids Committee: MRS. VIRGINIA WHALEN, R.N. (Chairman), Liberty Mu the hood and Drug Administration, has v|io said that tlie quack was born when lh sought for several years to stop not only f,rst ^navc met the first fool. The Bures Mr. Hoxsey, but others, one of whom is 0f Investigation has never accepted that a tual Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; MARGARET CAKNINE, R.N., Trailmobile Inc., Gncinnati, Ohio; MRS. FRANCES COLWELL, R.N., Eastern Airlines, Miami, Fla.; particularly known in Vaniwcnonuwve*r, namely an adequaie definition, f.e.e...li.n..g....'.t.h..a..t....i..f.fl.,... MRS. MILDRED MOORE, K.N., Bur. of Nursing, 111. Dept of Health, Chicago, 111. Dr. William F. Koch, who began his pro- person had some knowledge, it would b 0f-the-Job Committee: VERNA PASKUNA, ft.N. (Chairman), Owens-Illinois Glass motion from Detroit in 1919. more difficult for the quack to fool him Container Div., Streator, III.; HELEN REISCIlL, R.N., F,mp1oyers Mutuals of Although Dr. Koch has been ordered by - That is the premise upon which the Umtar the Federal Trade Commission to cease ad- has operated, and hopes to operate in tM Wausau, Wausau, Wis. vertising that any of his preparations has future.^. Advisor to the Srrlion--ARTHUR K. PETERSON, M l), Medical Director, R. R. Donnelly ft Sons Co., Chicago, 111. Staff Representative--JANE S. WEIR, R.N., National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Nurse Advisors to the Section--*JOANNA JOHNSON, R.N., *MRS. HAZEL LEEDKE, R.N.; `MRS. JOAN TIMKE. R.N.; *ERNA MAYRER, R.N.; *MRS. MAREN STANLEY, R.N.; *MRS. BERNARD1NE BARHOP. 18 Tait General Chairman to 1957 National Safely Congress i ization of the necessity to analyze more completely? Does this mean that employees don't take specific action because they don't analyze properly or because their evaluation of the hazard leads them to believe that nothing much serious can happen to them or be cause they think they might be censured for being too cautious or taking too long to do a job? These are some of the questions for which we are now seeking some answers. We don't have them yet, but we are working on them. In conclusion, injury index is we feet that a step forward our In asceckrikoffc.OFFICERS OF THE |? 000-10 1 prevention activities. It has helped us its our sights on the goal of preventing injuri ralher.than solely on the prevention of k PETROLEUM SECTI of time from work. It may not be IH ultimate solution to the injury preventilU NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 problem, but it is a step in the right dtrrH tion. In addition, the use of the Operation Research group adding its time, efforts tmmeral Chairman--PARKER C. FOLSE, safety dept.. Socony Mobil Oil co., Inc., New talents to the safety problem has been pfWYork, N. Y. ductive and will ba nra s,, in the ,,olVmm_WM. p. BURRIS. pt,,,)ipJ ptlrolcum 0|t,, Sertlary F. G. WILSON, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. Shf Representative--L. C. SMITH, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. OFF-THE-JOB ACCIDENTS Fit-Chairman for Production and Prilling--S. ROSS CARR, Gulf Oil corp., Houston, 1 Tex. |Pir-CAaimnf for Marketing--GEORGE B. BLACK, Sun Oil co., Philadelphia, Pa. Statistics are such boresome things And figures rather dull. It's hundreds, millions, billions, trillions, Over which we mull. But facts are facts where *er we go Regardless of amounts, So here's some facts on accidents, And that's what really counts. It's carelessness In little things At home and on the street Neglect in moving objects smalt Away from running Icet. A makeshift ladder, sliding rugs, Electric cords that spark A disregard for cellar stairs And stumbling in the dark. wyitt-Chairtnan for Pipe Lines--A. L. GARNER, Gulf Oil corp., Houston. Tex. Vice-Chairman for Exploration--A. ROSS ROMMEL, Humble Oil & Refining co., Houston, Tex. ^'ttf-Chairtfirw for Manufacturing--G. J. GERHARZ, The Pure Oil co-, Lemont, III. \Vke-Chairman Off-The-Job Safety--LEE F. DOUGAN, Sinclair Oil & Gas co., Tulsa, 1 Okla. |fkww<m Atlantic Division--A. J. BALDWIN, Ethyl corp., New York, N. Y. ypairmen Mid-Continent Division--H. P. BRADLEY, Service Pipe Line to., Tulsa, Okla. JlWrmon Gulf Coast Division--QUINCY V. TUMA, Th Texas co., Houston, Tex. It isn't always big machines With blades of sharpened steel That rob a man of arm or leg And make his senses reel. Nor is it always "on the job" Most accidents take place. But just .the opposite is true And figures prove our case. Crossing where no crossings are While looking at the sky, Driving on a slippery road With milestones whizzing by. These are the things that take a toll We all should frown upon So watch for them when off the job, As well as when you're on. Great Lakes Division--A. E. JOHNSON, safety director, Illinois Farm Supply, .ill Chicago, III. . illWnnan Pacific Coast Division, M. T. HAMILTON, General Petroleum corp., Los B Angeles, Calif. : 3jWan Engineering Committee--II. F. WATTERS* Pan American Petroleum corp., J| Oklahoma City, Okla. }'. ' | mu Visual Aids Committee--R. D. EBERLY, Standard Oil co. (Indiana), Chicago, ID. armn Contest and Statistics Committee--JOHN L. DuFON, Socony Mobil Oil co., Inc, East Chicago, ltid. Humble Pipe Line Company, Houston, Te mman Health Committee--DR. B. B. REEVE, Standard Oil co. (Indiana), Chicago, M. mletter Editor--HARRY BRITT, The Atlantic Refining co., Port Arthur, Tex. attoitf Newsletter Editor--G. F. STEDN1TZ, Universal Polycliem Mfg. Division of >4Universal Oil Products co.9, McCook*9 III. 48 49 1957 National Safety Congress Research and Advisory Committee--*C. H. LINDHERG (Chairman), . co., Independence, Kan.; *l~KED CLAIBORNE, Pan American Tulsa, Okla.; *). H. McKENZIE, Socony Mobil Oil co., New,rY DcLAUNE, Cities Service Refining corp., Lake Cliarlcs, La.; *WALU Oil co., Marcus Hook, Pa.; *C. D. ATTAWAY, chief safety engineer, leal corp., Marshall, Tex.; *W, 0. WILSON, Standard Oil co.'(I FARRELL, Shell Pipe Line corp.; *D. A. KLEMME, Pan American *W. I. KENT, Magnolia Petroleum co.; *J. HOWARD MYERS, The ing co.; *J. L. R1SJNGER, Socony Mobil Oil co., Inc.; *11. T. MA Petroleum co.; *F. R. McLEAN, White Star div., Socony Mobil Oil MILLER, The Texas co.; *C. J. NOBEMANN, Shell Oil co.; *J. H. Water Associated Oil co.; *11. W. HOGG ESS, Sinclair Prairie Oil BREFXAND, Lone Star Gas co.; *R. H. ROAPER, Humble Otl'l: GERALD O. LOCKWOOD, Continental Casualty co.; *GEORGE .* consultant; *E. J. SENNE (Rctiicd). Past General Chairmen (If ,fc ,V" ,.7 SO oco-; I. 'Jt , ?. )l' . JI :' . i' CRS OF THE RINTING AND PUBLISHING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--WALTKK R. SMITH, manager, employee aclrvilics ;nnt safely. R. R. elley & Sons co., Chicago, lit. ite Chairman--K1CNNMTH Y. UMIIKKGKR, |tersonm-l manager, Kingsport l'rcs, Kingsport, Tetm. i Vite Chairman--RAUL L. O'NKILL, pcrsmnicl and safely director, Rand Me* 4 co., Hammond, Ind, -DAN H. GROTHAUS, safety director, McCall corp., Dayton, Ohio. Lditor--GORDON II. KOSHKRG, safety director, Rirlitrr McCall 4 Co., III. . Stwilrflrr Ildilor--KARL SIMPSON. JR., dircclur of safely and industrial is, Folding Paper liox Assn., Chicago, III. Program Chairman--CHARI,KS SHAPIRO, irmnger, educational dpl., l.ilho- Technical Foundation, Inc., New York, N .Y. ?fi; ' 000403 ........- 1957 National Safety Congrtst are to work, in company with tlicir fore man, who would point out the safe and efficient way to do the job. The loregoing orientation and safety education program is obviously not sug gested for boomers or drifters who will hit the road with their first paycheck. Rather it is intended for the "home guards" who can be expected to stay on the job long enough to justify the time and money expended on them. It would be followed up at intervals with evening safety education sessions, using audio visual aids. Since the average 20 to 24 minute film teaches more lessons than can be ab sorbed, combining the running and re running of short sections of a training film with the discnssion-confcrcnce tech nique, is advocated. As an example, the > Karig Motion Picture Company of Sat reproduces the sound-color film "Hati Logs" which they madt^for the Mi Columbia, Pacific Northwest and le wood Loggers Associations, In itxji minute sections. They publish a fitmijj of questions and answers for each and a "Conference Leaders' Mans accompany the films. The small operation, or the which new men come singly, p more of a problem. However the s* jectives of orientation and safety tion, accomplished by individual sion, rather than group sessions,, impro'vc labor relations and woods safety. This is only a prei! to the most important on-the-job ^ training tinder a safety-minded visor.^lk FJCEftS Of THE PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Gwirnion--EARL F. UIPSTUA, personnel manager, Container Corp. o( America, igo, III. Chairman and Program Chairman--R. ti. BELKNAP, t>crsnimel manager, Reims Uro. Co., East Pepperell, Mass. Her Editor--GEORGE R. MERKIMAN, safely coordinator. International Paper Southern Kraft Div., Mobile, Ala. iy and Membership Chairman--D, V. II1I.L, safety director. The Mead (.'orp., sport Div., Kingsport, Term. U MEMBERSHIP REPRESENTATIVES ' Lakes--`ARTHUR CARLE, safely director, The Northwest Paper Co., Cloquet, an.; East--*H. P. HEUBNER, insurance manager. The Flintkote Co., New York, X; South--`DALLAS E. HENRY, safety coordinator, Southern Advance Bag radon, Continental Can Co., Inc., Hodge, La.; Canada--`DOUGLAS B. CHANT, etary-enginecr. The Ontario Pulp ft Paper Makers' Safely Assn., Toronto, Out., da; Midwest--'`FRANCIS H. WAGNER, director of safely, The Mead Corp., Ikothe, Ohio; Wtst--ROBERT M. GILMORE, general safety su|*ervisor, Ray *, Inc., lloquiatn, Wash. Advisor--DR. A. 1*. ASSELSTJNK, medical director, Spruce Falls Power and. Co., Ltd., Kapuskasiug, Out., Canada. Projects Committee: Chairman: GORDON B. LEMKK, research engineer, Emrs Mutuals of Wausau. Wausau, Win.; LAMBERT LOUY, safely director. Con- Corp. of America, Chicago, 111. 5 *A. E. MINOR, safety supervisor. The OntarioDta Pulp and Paper Co., Lid., Kenora, Out. Canada; D. L. EISENACH, safety tor, Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co., International Falls, Minn ; RUSSELL E. L, safety director. The Crossctt Co^ Crnsselt, Ark. ; ROSS K. SCOTT, assistant the secretary-engineer, The Ontario fl'llpi' tfy I*Ji|>cr Makers' Safety Assn., Toronto, Canada; FORREST K. KIMMELCsJtfil} 4 medical director, Sutherland Paper Kalamazoo, Mich.; HARRIS K. WILLIAMS, assistant coordinator of safely, hern Kraft Div., International Paper Co.; Pine Blufl, Ark. Committee: Chairman: A. SCOTT DOWD, president, Fritz Publications, Inc., go, III.; `J. FRED BERRY, genera! insurance manager, Alton Box Board Co.; III.; `HARLEY IJ. GOODRICH, maintenance engineer, Strathmore Paper Co., at Springfield, Mass.; JAMES N. CONAWAY, manager of safety ft plant protcc- Industrial Dept., Scott Pajicr Co., Chester, IV; `FRED O. SOUGIITON, serv& safely supervisor, LongLac Pylp .1; Paper Co., Ltd., Terrace Bay, Out., Canada; ADAIR, coordinator of safety activities, Pacific Coast Assn, of Pulp and Paper facturers, Portland, Ore. 61 srr; fl Epulpwood LOGGING DIVISION t Bg Manufacturing Committee; Chairman: HAROLD HEWITT, assistant personnel m. Division Chairman: FRANKLIN LARRARF.F ..;#,.. .*:r ... ?? land., St. Regis Paper C<> Bucltsport Maine "'r i W"|r .manager, *Bem"is* Bro. "> Bag M Co., Peoria, ^ CUn<ft| HI.; III, j JOHN ^ VUll T. At ,S>. Regia Paper Co., Pensacola. Fla.; CHARLES WARREN, director HW. /M\l\Al\SL*OpN"f",uns^avl*ev,i, of & training, training * _______ Hr director, Robert Gair Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; TOXIE R. TRIM, saaiflely director, ''flUIO .. ^vjGaylord Container Corp., Div. of Crown Zellcrbach Corp., Bogalusa, La.; ALBERTO Publication Committee: Chairman: T. C. DONNAN, safety supervisor, Spruce Fal y jCHIPCO, safety director, W. R. Grace it Co., Lima, Peru, S. A. Power it Paper Co., Ltd., Woodlands, Kapuskasing, Out., Canada; LEO ST. DENljft woods employment supTernvisro?rn, nAMi'ibif/'owcr * J'aper ("0' *-ld., *rcK1Uo's Falls, Orjfe Bx Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: CARL J. LAMDERTH, personnel manager & Canada; EDWARD C. iukuun, staff forester, Louisiana Forestry Commission, BaflK .jjafety supervisor. Container Corp. of America, Chattanooga, Tcnn.; DR. KARL F. Rouge, La. IK;k.. .SJIiMmPSJVO/Nn,. JJ R|V..,, dUiUreCcUtVoIr oVfI iIniiduuusdtirimiali riveilmatiivonns^ iwt safety. Folding P-aypve.r Box -A---s---s---n---, o- -f gj America, Oiicago, III.; JACK WALL, personnel manager, Grand Rapids Mills and Visual Aids Committee: Chairman: R. C. HAMMOND, safety engineer. Employers M1 tuals of Wausau, Duluth, Minn.; H. GORDON BARRETT, safety inspector, 7j|j Folding Box Plant, American Box Board Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.; HENRY KVINI TUS, safely director, Cornell Paperboard Products Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Ontario Paper Co., Ltd., THorold, Ont., Canada; CARL G. STRICKLAND, assists wood procurement manager, Gaylord Container Corp., Die. of Crown Zellcrbach Cor iRofing Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: H. R. MESLER, JR., safety director, The Bogalusa, La.; PAT REITEN, personnel manager, Simpson Logging Co., Portland, |i;jRuberoid Co., New York, N. Y.; R. J. PRESTON, safety supervisor, The Philip 'iiCarey Manufacturing Co., Lockland, Cincinnati, Ohio; FRED INGHAM, assistant PULP MANUFACTURING DIVISION ' ^insurance manager. The Flintkole Co., New York, N. Y. |/aWatton Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: HUDWIN J. LEE safely director, Division Chairman: HARRY J. HAHN, safely supervisor, Hammermitl Paper Co., Eri| Pa. ' iWood Conversion Co., Cloquet, Minn.; AMOS S. KEEN, manager of safety, Perjsonnel Administration Dept., Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, Pa.; M. F. MATTSON, Publication Committee: Chairman: W. B. BALLINGER, safety coordinator, llnimwi Pulp it Paper Co., Brunswick, Ga.; ROBERT W. WOOD, stall safety supervise safety supervisor, Insulile Div., Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co., International Falls, jMinn. Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis.; JAMES E EMMERICH, safety director, Mo Inee Paper Mills Co., Mosince, Wis. ' Specialties Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: HAROLD E. TEBO, personnel sujtcr* 1 visor, Baryta Div., Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y.; JACK Visual Aids Committee: Chairman: CHARLES R. HAGAN, safety manager, Oxfot Paper Co., Rumford, Maine; OTTO WAGERS, safety supervisor, Tlic Cbamptoi HARTLEROAD, safety director, The KVP Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.; WILLIAM A. ! STRACHAN, plant manager, Fihrehoard Paper Products Corp, San Francisco, Calif. Paper and Fibre Co., Pasadena, Tex.; PHILIP L. DANDRIGE'safety coorditulot Sonoco Products Co., Hartsville. S. C.; SAM BLACKWELL, safety supervisor,.01i i,* Mathieson Chemical Corp., Forest Products Div., West Monroe, La. OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY DIVISION Division Chairman: LEO M. SHAW, manager, C & C Plant Services, Carton and Con . tainer Div., General Foods Corp., Battle Creek, Mich.; `KENNETH L, FAIST, PAPER MANUFACTURING DIVISION coordinator of employment and safety, Tlte Champion Paper and Fibre Co., Hamilton, .. . Ohio; CARL W. BEHNKE district engineer, Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co. Division Chairman: ROBERT J. GELL, stall assistant, Paper Mills Div., Eastman Kodal < Grand Rapids, Mich. - Co., Kodak Park Works, Rochester, N. Y. Stef Representative--ROBERT CURRIE National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Publication Committee: Chairman: MERLIN C. RACE safely director, St. Regis Papa Co., New York, N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLARD, director of safely, National Gypsum Co, Buffalo, N. Y.; A. E. TOPMN.LER, safety supervisor. The Champion Paper aid Fibre Co., Hamilton, Ohio; RALPH E. MYERS, safety supervisor, Ctrillicolhe DWf The Mead Corb-, Chilticothe, Ohio. | Past General Chairman. Visual Aids Committee.* Chairman: GEORGE A. LaHUSEN, general safety supervise*; Crown Zellerbach Corp., Portland, Ore.; JAMES M. PINKSTON, JR., personnel I safety supervisor, Crossett Paper Mills, Crosselt, Ark.; HARRISON J. DAYSH^ secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Paper and Pulp Assn., New York# N. Y.; FRANK C. HARMON, employment manager, Hollingsworth & Vost Co., Wts^ Groton, Mass. 000*205 PAPER CONVERTING DIVISION .; Divirion Chairman: V. P. COULON, safety director. The Sealright Co., Inc., Fulton, N.Y, 62 if M I9S7 National Safely Congress OFFICERS OF THE This terminal is at Meadville, Pa., where [ am chairman of the division superin tendent's safety committee. (All such activ ity on the railroad comes within the juris diction of our superintendent of safety). There are 400 employees in 16 sub-depart ments that are contacted each month at 12 locations where they can be readily as sembled. The committee is made up of the top departmental heads of the local opera tions. PROGRAM SET-UP The chairman sets dates for meetings and notifies the members, as well as sends no tices to all departments for bulletin board testing. The notices carry the time for the meetings and the subject matter to be con sidered. Diversified material is used; howver, only one subject is taken up each month, e.g.-- Review of preceding year's safety posters. Checking on safety rule books and their usage. Proper clothing and health protection. Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Years, or any special holiday can provide suitable topics for safety talks, as well as the seasons of the year, vacation, school opening, etc. Once a year a motion picture on safety is shown and the following mouth a discussion on the film creates interest. Every possible angle that can be used '> keep a fast-moving, 20-minute, safety -vetting on live civoscn subject is employed i) create human interest. Near the close of each sub-dcpartrnentnl meeting, a short discussion period is held or a status report on items brought for ward from preceding month's meetings. \dditional items requiring attention are olicited and only safety items that cannot et immediate correction are considered for the summary report given to the division superintendent. Handling in this manner RAILROAD SECTION list of items is kept to a minimum ana in clude those requiring further study and in NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 a few instances require appropriations which must be approved before corrections can be made. DIVIDED INTO GROUPS The functioning of the committee is sim Chairman--). LLOYD, Jersey Central Lines, Jersey City, N. J. Chairman--L. C. HAHNEY, Elgin, Joliet k Eastern Railway eo., Joliet, III. ple. Ordinarily there are 12 members who vtory and Netvs Letter Editor--F. C. LEWIS, The Pullman eo., Chicago, III. make the rounds and this number Is di vided into three groups of four members each, referred to as Groups A, D, and C All members present themselves at the first location, immediately with the start of this meeting, or the subsequent meetings, Group A moves (otvmd to the next location to assemble employees and introduce any pre note News Letter Editors: | H. C. DAULTON, The Louisville k Nashville Railroad co., Louisville, Ky. [jPesI--P. H. JENNER, The Western Pacific R.R.co., San Francisco, Calif. Central--J. E. SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington k Quincy R, R. co., Chicago, lit. tost--). L. BABCOCK, Bangor k Aroostook R. R. co., Bangor, Maine Ijfmthwrst--G. K. KNIGHT, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Texas [Canada--J. G. BELDHAM, Toronto, Hamilton k Buffalo Ry. co., Hamilton, Ontario liminary feature or arrangement in anticipa tion of Group B. ` fetation Liaison Committee--W. C LARAWAY (Chairman), The Delaware k Hudson 1L R. corp., Albany, N. Y.; A. V. ROHWEDER (Vice Chairman), The Duluth, The talk or message is handled by Group B ns are the discussion periods. Instances where more time is required than the sched 'Missabe k Iron Range Ry. co., Duluth, Minn.; G. W. KLSTE, The Baltimore A Ohio pR. R. co., Baltimore, Md.; G. C. STROMSOE, Atlantic Coast R. R. co., Wilmington, .`N. C; J. R. TIIEXTON, The Delaware, Lackawanna k Western Railroad co., Hoboken, uled 20 minutes, Group C stays on to clear up safety items that become involved during the discussion period. The success of the meetings depends greatly on a functional and well-balanced schedule, and tire divid ing-up of the Committee into the three groups has been very effective. The primary objective of the work of this committee is to encourage employees to |N.).; D. E. MUMFORD, New York Centra! System, New York, N. Y. tntest and Statistical Committee--D. P. RUSSELL (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific r- Ry, Montreal, Quebec; J. P. KOLOC (Vice Chairman), Illinois Central Railroad, V Chicago, III.; D. W. NAFF, The Norfolk and Western Ry. co., Roanoke, Va.; F. . Vi REYNOLDS, Boston k Maine Railroad co, Boston, Mass.; W. C. LARAWAY, The ^Delaware and Hudson R. R. corp, Albany, N. Y.; ). L. BABCOCK, The Bangor and Aroostock R.R. co, Bangor, Me.; O. W. SMITH, Grand Trtmk Western R. R. co, Detroit, Mich.; C. A. DIRGE, Missotiri-Kattsas-Tcxas Lines, Dallas, Tex. actively participate in the safely program to correct the causes of accidents, and help correct unsafe practices and conditions re , and Sound Committee--R. S. JAMES (Chairman), Denver k Rio Gratule Western j: R. R. co, Denver, Colo.; E. If. BLEWER (Vice Chairman), New York Central System, VMew York, N. Y.; H. CONNOR, The Baltimore k Ohio U. R. co, Pittsburgh. Ta.; gardless of department which becomes in volved. In this safety promotional work, maintenance of equipment ami stores opera tions are so involved with fire safety of every department that it is felt greater bene fits are obtained through a committee repre senting all operations. Possibly this pro cedure would be of value at other railroad terminals.^ f.B. A. GRUBBS, The Norfolk k Western Ry, co, Roanoke, Va.; C. M. SCHAEFER, The Chesapeake and Ohio Ry. co, Richmond, Va.; G. R. KNIGHT, St. Louis South western Ry. Lines, Tyler, Texas; M. A. NUGENT, Tire Southern Pacific co, San J Francisco, Calif.; J. W. THOMPSON, Seaboard Air Line R. R, Norfolk, Va. ffyltiray Railroad Crossing Committee--R. S. JAMES,(Chairman), The Denver k Rio ` Grande Western R. R. co, Denver, Colo.; G. M. DEMPSEY (Vice Chairman), Chicago, Milwaukee,'St. Paul k Pacific R. R. co, Chicago, JUA, W. H. ROBERTS, The Chicago k Northwestern Ry. co, Chicago, III.; G. W. ElStE, The Baltimore & Ohio R. R. eo, Baltimore, Md.; C: M. SCHAEFER, The Chesapeake k Ohio Ry. co, Richmond, Va; E. W, HOBBS, Missouri Pacific Lines, St. Louis, Mo.; J. P. KOLOC, Illinois Railroad, Chicago, III.; G. C. STROMSOE, Atlantic Coast Line K. K. co, figton, N. C. tme enff Off-the-job Safety Committee: R, P. HAMILTON (Chairman), St. Louis . Ssifrandsco Ry. co, St. Louis, Mo.; C. M. KIMBALL (Vice Chairman), Southern ^iM.Ry.iOys, Washington, D. C; E. L. DUGGAN, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. UUlM (}HKSK9aitcaR0, m.; E. H. BLEWER, New York Central System. New York. N. Y.; . j BLUE, Chicago k Eastern Illinois R. It. co, Danville, III.; H. C. DAULTON, ouisville k Nashville R. R. co, Louisville, Ky.; JOHN D. WATT, The Monon- mm Connecting R. R. co, Pittsburgh, Pa. 33 i ICERS OF THE SCHOOL AND COLLEGE CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 President for Schools and Colleges--LOWELL B. FISHER, state chairman. North Central Association for Colleges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urbana, of the Conference--ZENAS R. CLARK, administrative assistant, Wilmington ic Schools, Wilmington, Del. 'fcrinnan for Elementary Education--VICTOR E. LEONARD, principal, North nus School, Greenwich School District, Riverside, Conn. ~kairman for Secondary Education--NORMAN GORE, assistant superintendent of :1s, Decatur, III. fairman for Higher Education--JOHN W. HILL, director, Workmen's Compensa tion Insurance, Texas A & M College System, College Station, Texas. "hoirmon for Driver Education--AMOS E. NEYHART, administrative head, lnslie of Public Safety, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 7hoinnan for Supervision and Special Areas--IVAN J. STEHMAN, chief, Div. of Highways and Safety Education, Slate Dept, of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa. fiery--WAYNE P. HUGHES, director, School and College Division, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. CONGRESS PROGRAM COMMITTEE .-`-mm--DALIBOR W. KRALOVEC, Philadelphia, Pa. rtery--ALVIN E. ilOUK, University, Ala. CLAYTON W. DE MENT, West Lafayette, Ind.; O. J. DORR, Fond du Ur, Wis.; TOM S. GABLE Pittsburgh, Pa.; JAMES J. GRIFFIN, Chicago, III.; JOHN T. IIAACK, Davenport, Iowa; FRANK B. JF.WSON, Superior, Wis.; RICHARD K. KLEIN, Bismarck, N. !>.; CHARLES J. KRAFT, Jr.. Brooklyn, N. Y.; W. I). McCLURKIN, Nashville, Tcnn.; HELEN MANLEY, University City, Mo.; PAUL W. SEAGERS, Bloomington, lnd.; LESLIE R. SiLVERNALE, E. Lansing, Mich.; FRANK 0. STANGEL. Milwaukee, Wis.; MARTHA C. STEVENSON, Philadel phia, Pa.; JOHN L. VICKERS, Frankfort. Ky.; MARY MAY WYMAN, Louisville, y.: W. C. YEAGER. Sioux City. Imva. Representative--VIVIAN' WEEDON*. National Safety Council, Chicago, III. h. ' CONGRESS PROGRAM COMMITTEE -J. DUKE ELKOVV. Ma-lison, Wis and Staff Representative--MARIAN TELFORD, National Safety Council, Chi lli. 12.1 Members--MARK J. DONDERO, Cambridge, Mass.; FITHIAN S. FAR Ky.; LONNIE GILLILAND, Oklahoma City, Okla.; DEVONA Dayton, Ohio; JOHN T. HAACK, Davenport, Iowa; EARL D. HEA City; RALPH M. HENDRIX, Columbia, S. C.j JOSEPH INTO Park, Pa.; STANLEY McKEE, Highland Park, III.; MARY RAPP N. Y.; J, J. SMALTZ, Manhattan, Kans.; A. P. SMITH, JR., Jack E. SPENCER, Malden, Mass.; JOHN TAMMERYN, Tampa, WHEELER, Louisville, Ky. v>. 1959 CONGRESS PROGRAM COMMITTEE Chairman--MAY HAZARD, Itnmlrnmck, Mich. Secretary--A. L. CUNNINGHAM, Gary, Ind. Members--HOMER ALLEN, West Lafayette, Ind.; FITHIAN S. FARI Ky.; HARRY 1). FLETCHER, University Park, Pa.; JOSEPH G water, Fla.; R. W. JONES. Keokuk. Iowa; HELEN K. KNANDI * L). C; RUTH JEWELL, Raleigh, N. C; HAROLD A. SEEKAMP# Ky.; GLENN F. SI1UPM, Springfield, Ohio; DARLEEN BELL' Nashville, Term.; BERTHA TRUNNKLL, Louisville. Ky.; LESTER St. Louis. Mo.; ELIZA CALLAS, Kensington, Mil. Staff Representative--DANIEL |\ WEBSTER, National Safety Council, DRIVER EDUCATION SECTION Genera! Chairman--AMOS E. NEY1IART, University Park, Pa. Immediate Past General Chairman--EDWARD R. ABRAMOSKI, Erie, P Vice-Chairman--RUSSELL 1. BROWN, Dcs Moines, Iowa. Secretary--THOMAS A. SEALS, New York City. t Staff Representative-- IVAN L. ELAND, National Safely Council, Chicago, H; T ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SECTION , Chairman--VICTOR K. LEONARD, Riverside, Conn. Ptc-Chnir>mm--STANLEY W. McKEE, Highland Park, III. .j* Secretary--THELMA STOKES, Aj, Ariz. K Staff Representative--VIVIAN WEEDON, National Safety Council, Chi" HIGHER EDUCATION SECTION ' Generat Chairtnan--JOHN W. HILL, College Station, Texas Staff Representative--DANIEL P. WEBSTER, National Safely Council, SAFETy EDUCATION SUPERVISORS SECTION General Chairman--IVAN J. STEIIMAN, Harrisburg, Pa. Jmmfdin/f Past General Chairman--CECIL G. ZAUN, Los Angeles, Calif. 124 ` ___^diiisvtilc, Ky. Representative--CHARLES A. FRENCH, Nnti CAN INDUSTRIAL ARTS ASSOCIATION-NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ^.COMMITTEE -iws--DONALD PETERS, Arlington, Va. Mepresentative--WAYNE P. HUGHES, Director, School and College Division, .ij-ial Safety Council, Qncago, III. vC VJ VOCATIONAL ASSOCIATION-NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SAFETY COMMITTEE rJ. E TE POORTEN, Madison, Wis. ffspresentalive--WAYNE P. HUGHES, Director, School and College Division, 7-jJ Safety Council, Chicago, 111. i!' jSAFETY COMMITTEE V' LAYTON W. DE MHNT, Lafayette, Ind. m-ARTHUR F. BRANDSTATTKR. E. Lansing. Mich. -JOHN MORRIS. Champaign, III. ftsentative--DANIEL P. WEBSTER, National Safety Cunneil, Chicago, III. EDUCATION COMMITTEE * Chairman--JOHN W. IULL, College Station, Texas. Steering Committer--J. DUKE KLKOW, Madison, Wis. ' tsentative--DANIF.L P. WEBSTER, National Safety Cotnnil, Chicago, III. H SCHOOL SAFETY HONOR ROLL COMMITTEE Vwwfi--ALFRED L. 1'AIMLLON, Chicago, III. RS. P. D. BEVIL, Sacramento, Calif.; RUSSELL I. BROWN, Des Moines, A L. CUNNINGHAM, Gary, Ind.; MAY l\ HAZARD, llamtranwk, Mirfv; JEWELL, Raleigh. N. C; WALTER D. LADD, St. Mo.; FOR REST `G, New York City; GEORGE P. SILVERWOOD, Green Bay. Wis. entatire--IVAN L. ELAND, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. Committee HERBERT J. STACK, New York City. MdKw-DANlEL 1\ WEBSTER, National Safety Council, Chtcngn, Ml. m 1957 Notional Safely Congress OFFICERS OF THE trol. Once a year on the last Sunday be fore July 4, a "Safety Sunday" is field in the slate, in cooperation1 with the Okla homa City Ministerial Alliance, the High way Patrol prepares a kit of sermons, talks, messages and other material which is dis tributed to clergymen and others who take part in "Safety Sunday." This effort is non-secretarian and highway patrol officers P. W. Graves, safety inspector fw tincnlal Motors Corp., Muskegon, K| TRAFFIC SECTION described his company's traffic safety gram which includes bulletin board c NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 carton cards, outdoor posters for pfl&i lots, place mats in the company rest* and full-page ads in the local ne vt Chairtnon--MATTHEW C. SlIvLSKI, director, safely and traffic engineering Dan Hollingsworth, director of theL pdept., Chicago Motor Club, Chicago, III. give sermons on traffic safely on this day. Clayton Hess of the California Highway Patrol described the California program to combat drinking and driving. A special pro gram each December is aimed at curbing Itoma City Safety Council, told of fhei lishing and distributing of a traffic, manual in Oklahoma City. Linda Shuler described a television gram called "Aftermath" which has Vice Chairman--BERNARD R. CALDWELL, commissioner, California Highway I.Patrol, Sacramento, Calif. Vice Chairvutn--JOHN MURTAGH, chief justice, Magistrates Court, New York, Y. the dangers resulting from Christmas office a great, deal of interest tn Dallas. Thei Vice Chairman--JAMES M. SLAVIN, chief of police, Kalamazoo, Mich. parlies. A variety of material is prepared including posters, leaflets, and special atten tion-getters such as a reaction timer. gram lakes an actual traffic case and 1 tir.es it using real people, real jud police, rather titan actors. Congress Program Committee Chairman-- EDWARD R. KLAMM, manager, neri^dent prevention dept., Allstate insursmre co., Skokie, III. Warren Taylor, health and safety dept, manager for the U. S. Junior Chamber of Commerce, discussed a project conducted by a jnyccc chapter in which a newspaper offered a prize to any driver who could stop his car within SO feet traveling at 35 m.p.lt. The challenge was printed in the paper under a picture of burned tire marks on a pavement. Taylor reported that no one claimed the prir.c. W. J. Sturm of Hardware Mull Stevens Point, Wis., described a ^ safety project held in Stevens Pointy the coojtcratinn of the local taxi csb^ party. The cabs earry while flags wiA] Green Cross for Safety. If an so occurs anywhere in the city, all the carry a red flag for 48 hours. If I accident occurs, the cabs fly a bladeg for one week as a constant reminder b) btrship Committee C/imVrnrm--DAVID M. BALDWIN, executive secretary, Institute Traffic Engineers, Washington, D. C. rs at Large: RAY ASHWORTH, director, Northwestern University Traffic Inidtute, Evanston, III.; RICHARD O. ItKNNKTT, automotive division, Accident ft Eire Prevention dept., National Association of Automotive Mutual Insurance companies, Chicago, 111.; T, N. BOATE, manager, accident prevention dept., Association of Casualty I Surety companies. New York, N. Y.; PAUL E. BURKE, executive director, Marybid Traffic Safely Commission, Baltimore, Mil.; HENRY W. CLEMENT, magistrate, Municipal Court, Plainfield, N. J.; NORMAN DAMON, vice president, Automotive [Safety Foundation, Washington, D. C.; M. R. DARLINGTON, JR., managing director, Thomas C. Jlcmpficld of the Mansfield community. jlnlcr-Industry Highway Safety Committee, Washington, 1). C.; RUVIAN D. 11 END- (Ohio) Police Department described a po lice-sponsored, city-financcd "Safety Town" for pre-school children. Children arc tanghl traffic safety both in classrooms and in a miniature "town" with streets, sidewalks, traffic signals and markings. Mark Marksoit. Minnesota Highway! told of a summer camp maintained American Legion for the training of... patrol guards. Until l>oys and girls c*j| tend a otic week course at the camp * is fully equipped with camping lacititif rlUCK, judge, City Court, Shreveport, La, j E. II. HOLMES, deputy commissioner, U. S. [Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C.; JOSEPH M. KAPLAN, secretary- imager, Greater Los Angeles chapter, National Safely Council, Los Angeles, Calif.; fllASON LADD, dean, College of Law, Slate University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; flllRTON W. MARSH, director, traffic engineering and safety department, American [Automobile Association, Washington, D. C.; RALPH A. MOVER, research professor, Hielilule of TraiiS|ortation ami Traffic Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, i Calif.; IIALLIK L. MYERS, executive director, Indiana Traffic Safety I'oumlalioii, ludianapolis, Iml,; TIMOTHY J. O'CONNER, Commissioner of Police, Chicago. III.; M. W. FLETCHER, Traffic Safety Association of Detroit, Detroit, Mich.; 1L C. [SALISBURY, director, safety division, Motor Vehicle Department, Madison, Wis.; rEDWARD SCHEMJT, commissioner; Department of Motor Vehicles, Raleigh, N. C.; ^GORDON SIIKK1IE, director, Highway Traffic Safety ('enter, Michigan Stale Uni- -rmity, East Lansing, Mich.; JOHN.JDt* WAITS, judge of Recorders Court, Detroit, lllfeh. 'J; Division Representatives: BERNARD L. GARMIRK, chief, Police Department, [.Tucson, Ariz.; HAROLD W. SUIT.IVAN, deputy chief, Police Department, Los ['Angelrs, Calif. m CoUrt Representatives: J. J. QUILLIN, judge, Municipal Court, Portland, Ore.; [illORRIS ROSENTHAL, judge, Municipal Court, Si. I.nuis, Mo. 00040;) Central Chairmen: J. E. P. DARRELL, director, Traffic and Planning, Minnesota [Highway Department, St.- Paul, Minn.; ROBERT E. RALEIGH, Citizens Traffic lety Bbard of Metropolitan Chicago, Chicago, III. ry*-DANIEL G. REYNOLDS, director, Traffic Operations division, Traffic and Transportation department, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. 66 67 00 0-110 I FICERS OF THE TRANSIT SECTION ' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 eral Chairman--D. L. WILLIAMSON, supervisor of accident prevention, Cleveland Transit System, Cleveland, Ohio. e Chairman--J. GODFREY BUTLER, director of personnel and labor relations, D. C. Transit System, Inc, Washington, D. C. Halt Past General Chairman--JAMES S. OSBORNE, president and general manager, ^Cincinnati, Newport & Covington Transportation Co., Newport, Ky. ~tUry--JOE V. GARVEY, general manager, Harrisburg Railways Co., Harrisburg, I'a. tmbership Chairman--J. M. BUSBY, JR., safety director, Memphis Street Railway Co., Memphis, Tenn. . ,ram Chairman--ELMER R. SCHUEMANN, superintendant of transportation and safety, United Motor Coach Co., Des Plaines, III. . (embers ol Large:--CARL J. ANDERSON, personnel director, Milwaukee and Suburban Transport Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; HOWARD M. MAKER, safely director, ; Montreal Transportation Commission, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; R. DEWEY CA5- SELL, general manager, Safety Motor Transit Co., Roanoke, Va.; TYRELL ESTEP, safety director, Indianapolis Transit System, Indianapolis, Ind.; PAUL J. FANNING, director. Bureau of Personnel and Safety, San Francisco Publie Utilities Commission, San Francisco, Calif.; BERNARD G HAMEL, supervisor of personnel, safely and welfare, Quebee-Autobus, Ltd., Quebec, P. Q., Canada; CHARLES E. REISER, superintendent of transportation, Chicago. Transit Authority, Chicago, III.; VAN COURT LUCAS, adminiitfatjhre Assistant, American Transit Association, New York, H. Y.; LEE MILLS, dlratot of Safety, Cincinnati Transit Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; PAUL W. MOYER, general superintendent, Lehigh Valley Transit Co., Allentown, Pa.; J. W. PRUTSMAN, safety director, Los Angeles Transit Lines, Los Angelas, Calif.; MACHLIN E. STERNBURGH, director of safely. New York City Transit Authority, Brooklyn, N. Y.; PATRICK S. SIROIS, safety director, Miami Transit Co., Miami, Fla.; U. SUDDERTH, safety director, Dallas Transit Co., Dallas, Tea.; , C R. SYPIIER, manager, S>ld|!j||^it)|nrlm Department, Transit Casually Co., St. I Louis, Mo.; RALPH T. TALBOTT; ^tafety supervisor, Phoenix Transit System, Phoenix Ariz.; ELLIOTT A. THIEL, director, Accident Prevention, Columbus Transit Co., Columbus, Ohio; J. L. WEEKS, general supervisor of safety, South Caro lina Electric and Gas Co., Columbia, S. C. [Counselors:--M. C. BULLOCK, supervising engineer, Transit Casualty Co., St. Louis, i Mo.; COLIN DOBELL, director. Transportation Safety & Training, B. C. Electric Co., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; ARTHUR J. NAQUIN, safety counselor, New Orleans Public Service, Inc., New Orleans, La.; H. W. WHITCOMB, superintendent accident prevention, Philadelphia Transportation Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Slof Representative--CHRIS IMHOFF, Motor Transportation Division, National Safety v Council, Chicago, ID. 39 ..ImWlffe- - Jt* 1- 000411 OFHCfcKi Ut I tit WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Ctnerol Chairman-- R. C. CHILDRESS, National Distillers Products eorp., Cooperage dir., Memphis, Tenn. Viet Chairman and Program Chairman--HERBERT A. LADWIG, Employers Mutuals of . Wausau, Wausau, Wis. News Letter Editor--F. S. PERRY, B. C. Lumber Manufacturers Assn, Vancouver, B. C, Canada. Secretary and Membership Chairman--T. E. NORTH, Alaska Pine and Cellulose Ltd, i Vancouver, B. C, Canada. tEGIONAt. REPRESENTATIVES Great Lakes-- *ROY E. JOHNSON, Kroehler Manufacturing co, Kankakee, III.; East-- SETH JACKSON, safety officer, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. C; South--^ i HARRY LAFFERTY, Niekey Brothers, Inc, Memphis, Tenn.; Canada-*^. M. ALLISON, B. C Lumber Manufacturers Assn, Vancouver, B. C, Canada; West-- ' 'ROBERT M. GILMORE, Rayonier Inc., Hoquiam, Wash, iI Engineering Coordinator--ARNDT SKONNING, woodwork engineer, Western Electric co, Chicago, 111. Sawmitling Committee:--M. H. FELL (Chairman), Edward Hines Lumber co, Hines, Ore; R. M. DINWIDDIE, branch accident prevention manager, Employers Mutuals of Wausau, Portland, Ore.; E. A. Roles, Weyerhieuser Timber co, Longview, Wash.; A. F. REINWART, T. H. Mastin & Co, St. Louis, Mo.; Advisor to Committee-- W. M. ALLISON, 8. C Lumber Manufacturers Assn, Vancouver, B. G, Canada. Logging Committee: PAT REITEN (Chairman), acting personnel manager, Simpson Logging Co, Portland, Ore.; JOH^TVATKIN SON, B. G District Council No. 1, t.W.A, Vancouver, II. C, Canada; Hlfwl D,* LARKIN, J. R. Slmplot Co, Boise, Idaho; W. E LYNN. Hiram Walker A Sons, Inc, Cooperage Dlv, Peoria, HI.; PROF. J. KENNETH PEARCE,' Cotlefe .o! Forestry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Advisor to Commit/re--*JOE T. DUNLOP, Dierks Forests Inc, DeQueen, Ark. Veneer and Plywood Committee: GORlMmjMEftER (Chairman), Algoma Plywood and Veneer co, Algoma, Wis.; H, GnAHEUSR DREW, Medford eorp, Medford, Ore.; B. E. KELLEY, United States PlywowJ torp. New York, N. Y.; H. P. MAPSON, Canadian Western Lumber co, Fraser Mills, B. C, Canada; BYRON M.' OYSTER, Weyerhaeuser Timber co, Taeoma Bldg, Tacoma, Wash. Furniture and Milhoork Committee: THOMAS H. FREDRICKSON (Chairman), Anderson eorp, Bayport, Minn.; ROBERT L. RICHARDS, American Seating Co, Grand Rapids, Mich.; V. K. ANDERSON, Kroehler Manufacturing Co, Binghamton, N. Y.; Advisor to Committee--'JACK DUNMAN, The Menge! co, Louisville^ Ky. 43 Trade Associations Committee: E. H. REEVES (Chairman), Lumbermen's Safety Toronto, Ontario, Canada; E H. CROSDY, Columbia Basin Loggers Assn, P; Ore.; HECTOR J. CRAIG, Western Retail Lumbermen's Assn,. Winnipeg, Canada; Advisor . to fC-'o--m--mi,ttee **L' O-U-----I--S-------GLA` ZER, Winnipeg* Ml Dierks Fofest^ lac, ` City, Mo. '* *' ' i' *: Off-The-Job Safety Committee: `WILLARD C. BOTTOMS, (Chairman),J' Fiitey. Loetscher Mfg. Co., Dubuque, Iowa; WALTER A. GUSTAFSON, New York M ; Casualty Ins. co.. New York, N. Y.; EDWARD BLASRR, Dept, of Agriculture, l|j Forest Service, Portland, Ore.; WILLIAM HUIE, The Crossett co., Crossett,/ Contest and Statistics Committee: STANLEY J. BUTCHER (Chairman), Bur Labor Stds., V. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C.; ROBERT P, MILLER, i national Paper co., Long-Bell Div., Longview, Wash.; JAMES F. VAN NA* Assn, of Casualty and Surety Cos., New York, N. Y.; Advisor to Committee-- R. ZESKEY, JR., T. H. Mastin & Co., Kansas City, Mo. Puuof Aids Committee: CHARLES H. JONES (Chairman), Michigan Mutual Let co., Chicago, III.; L. W. HAGERUP, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty co., Chicago C R. RUSTEMEYER, Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Vancouver, B. G, Ca W. B. McSORLEY, JR., Huttig Sash & Door co., St. Louis, Ma; Advisor to mittee--*ROY E JOHNSON, Kroehler Manufacturing co., Kankakee, III. Nominating Committee: *ROY E. JOHNSON (Chairman), Kroehler Manufacturing Kankakee, III.; `ROBERT M. GILMORE, general safety supervisor, Rayonier Hoquiam, Wash.; `CHARLES R. ZESKEY, JR., T. H. Mastin & co., Kansas Mo. I Staff Representative--ROBERT CURRIE, National Safety Council, Chicago, HI. `Past General Chairman of Section FICERS OF THE TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--J. A. WINKLER, district engineering manager, American Mutual "bility Insurance co., Atlanta, Ga. Chairman--E L. PERMENTER, supervising engineer, Loss Prevention department, ty Mutual Insurance co., Spartanburg, S. C. dory--FORREST N. PETTY, director safety and benefits, Dan River Mills, Inc., Danville, Va. mating Committee--`CHARLES L. TROMMER, safety supervisor, Mohasco Indus tries, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y.; `GLENN G. FLEMING, safety director, Celanese Corp. of America, Charlotte, N. C.; *11. S. BAUCOM, safety director, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. Committee--MRS. IDA C. AYERS, personnel assistant, Collins and Aikiuan Corp., Norwood, N. C; ALVIN RILEY, safety director. Firestone Textiles, Inc., Gastonia, N. C.; ROY F. DEAN, safely snjwrvisor, Conrtaulds (Alabama) Inc., Mobile, Ala. 'veering and Health Committee--W. M. KLEINMANN, safety director, Johnson and 'Johnson, Chicago, III.; FRANK W. MARCACCIO, chief. Division of Industrial In spection, Rhode Island Department ol Labor, Providence, R. I.; *11. E. WILLIAMS, safety director, Ficldcrcst Mills, Iitc., Spray, N. C.; JOHN B. SKINNER, industrial hygienist, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Boston, Mass.; F. G. SMETHURST, district engineering manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance' Co., Boston, Mass.; DR. WILLIAM D. FALES, dean, Textile Schools, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, R.!I. j W. G CREF.L, safely director, North Carolina Department of Labor, Raleigh, N, C.{ RAY B. CREPPS, technical consultant hygi ne / and safety, Owens-Coming Fibergtas Corf>, Newark, Ohio. `eusletter Committee--JAMES R. YOUNG, TH-Stale Safety Journal, Anderson, S. C.; NOEL WILLIAMS, United States Rubber co., Wiimsl>oro, S. C. Education and Training--JOHN W. LANGFbRD, safely engineer, Amcrolron Cor]'. Aberdeen, N. C.; RALPH HOKE Cannon Mills co., Kannapolis, N. C. Off-The-Job Safety. Boy Scout Program--A. E CONNELLY, safely supervisor, E I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Martinsville, Va.; C. L. HENKEL, safely supervisor, E, I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Kinston, N. C.; `MISS FRANCIS BETHUNE Employers Mutual Liability Insurance co. of Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. C. ooo-: i -> Membership Committee--WILLIAM A. IIAWN, safety director, Granitcvillc Mills, Graniteville, S. C.; ROBERT A. FOX, safety director. West Point Manufacturing co., Fairfax Mill Div., West Point, Ga.; JOHN McALPINE safety supervisor, 44 Celanese Corp. of America, Rock Dili, S. C. 45 .1 Textile Fiber Manufacturing Committee--FRED L. SNODGRASS, safety dep* North American Rayon Corp., Elizabethton, Tenn.; R. J. COLLINS, American Vi Corp., Nitro, West Va.; GUY BOOKER, safety supervisor, Cliemstrand Corp., Pens* cola, Fla. Special Advisory Committee--*NEIL NELSON, American Mutual Liability Insurant co., Manchester, N. H.; `HAROLD F. HAYDEN; `JOHN J. BURGER, W. Dickey k Sons, Inc., Oella, Md.; `H. S. BAUCOM; *W. B. WEAVER, Spray, N.C MISS FRANCIS BETHUNE; *T. A. WILSON, Textile Insurance co., High Pc N. C; `GLENN G. FLEMING; `H. E. WILLIAMS; `C. J. HYSLUP, saf director, Chatham Manufacturing co., Elkin, N. C.; `CHARLES L. TROMH safety supervisor, Mohasco Industries, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. Staff Representative---}. E. CROUSHORE, National Safety Council, Chicago. ii'-.ri Fail General Chairman. of. V $ 1 000(5-1-3 i v. i