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REPORT TO MONSANTO COMPANY TOXICITY, REPRODUCTION AND RESIDUE STUDY WITH
AROCLOR 1221 IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS
JUNE 20, 1972 IBT NO. J900
I. Introduction At the request of Monsanto Company, a toxicity, reproduction and
residue study with Aroclor 1221 in White Leghorn chickens was initiated. This report presents the results of the investigation conducted at Wedge's Creek Research Farm, Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc.
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II. Summary A toxicity, reproduction and residue study was conducted in White
Leghorn chickens with Aroclor 1221. The levels were 1 {T-I), 3 (T-II) and 10 (T-III) ppm in the diet. The results of the study are as follows:
The body weights and food consumption of adult birds were normal. Three females died; one in the control group, one in the T-II group and one in the T-III group. There were no significant gross pathologic changes in any of the birds.
No abnormalities or systemic signs of toxicity attributable to the in gestion of Aroclor 1221 were observed during the investigation.
Egg production for control birds during the test period was lower than for the birds in the three test groups. In addition, the percentage of defec tive eggs was greater in the control group than in any of the three test groups. The hatchability of eggs in the T-III group (75. 1%) was slightly lower than the hatchability in the control group (85.0%), the T-I group (85.4%) or the T-II group (83.3%).
Specific gravity and shell thickness of eggs revealed no significant differences between the control and three test groups.
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The body weight and viability data for chicks revealed no significant intergroup differences. No gross pathologic alterations were noted at the time of sacrifice.
Respectfully submitted, INDUSTRIAL BIO-TEST LABORATORIES, INC.
Report prepared by:
'L L
Dale Fletcher, B.S. Group Leader Wedge's Creek Research Farm
Report approved by:
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Donald H. Jenkirr^, D. V. M. Manager and Technical Director Wedge's Creek Research Farm
M. L. Kepling^,^^^^^^^
Manager, Toxicology
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III. Procedure A. Experimental Animals The animals employed in the study were White Leghorn chickens.
A total of 80 hens and 16 roosters was used. B. Organization of Groups The 96 chickens were divided into one control group (C) and three
test groups (T-I, T-II and T-III). A structural outline of the experiment is presented in Table I.
TABLE I
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclorl221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Outline of Experiment
Group Control
Number of Animals
Male
Female
4 20
Dose Level _ . - (PPm)
None
T-I T-II
4 20 4 20
1.0 3.0
T-III
4 20
10.0
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C. Dosage and Feeding All groups received the same basal feed*. Test diets were prepared
weekly. The test materials were diluted with acetone before addition to the feed to assure even distribution throughout the ration. An equal amount of acetone, without test material, was added to the control feed and the feed was then blended in the same manner as the test feeds.
All animals were allowed water and their respective control or test feed ad libitum. Dosing began when the birds were 24 weeks of age and was continued for 13 weeks when hatching results were available.
D. Observations Observations were made daily to ascertain the presence or absence
of clinical signs of toxicity indicative of test material effect. All chickens were individually weighed and the group food consumption was determined weekly. As each group began laying, the eggs were collected daily and the egg weights recorded. When the egg weights were consistently between 50 and 60 grams and at least 50 percent of the hens in the group were laying, egg collection for that group was started. The time required to meet these criteria was recorded for each group.
* Purina Flock Chow, Ralston Purina Co. , St. Louis, Mo. DSW 034932
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The eggs were collected for the following parameters:
1. Egg Production and Quality
Eggs were collected, weighed and candled for a number of
seven-day periods. The total number, the individual weights of eggs collected and the total number of uncracked and unblemished eggs were recorded.
2. Hatchability
Three-fourths of all non-defective eggs were randomly
selected for the seven-day collection period, then placed in an incubator
maintained at 99 to 100'F, with a wet bulb reading of 85. This pro
cedure was followed until a minimum of 100 eggs from the control group and each test group had been set for hatching. The following were re
corded.
a. Number hatched. b. Number unhatched. c. Viability of chicks over a 30-day period, during which
pe riod feed and wate r we re pe emitted ad libitum. d. Examination of unhatched eggs for fertility and stage of
development. e. Weight of chicks after Day 1 and Day 30.
3. Physical Characteristics of Eggs
One-fourth of the non-defective eggs and all of the defective
eggs were examined to determine the following:
a. Specific gravity. b. Thickness of shells at equatorial circumference (three measurements/egg).
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4. Residue Studies The non-defective eggs examined for physical character
istics were quick-frozen and shipped to Monsanto Company for residue analysis (shells and frozen contents separated).
After hatching results were available, one-half of the chickens in each group were sacrificed, defeathered and subjected to a gross pathological examination. Individual samples of muscle, liver, fat and kidney from each group were collected and shipped to Monsanto Company for analysis.
The remaining chickens were fed the base diet without test material for 30 days. The eggs were collected, weighed and candled during the recovery period. Ten eggs (minimum) per group per week were quick-frozen and shipped to Monsanto Company for analysis. At the end of the recovery regimen, the remaining chickens were sacri ficed and handled in the same manner as at the end of the test feeding pe riod.
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IV. Results A. Parental Generation 1. Body Weight Data The average male and female body weights during the test
period are shown in Table II. The average male and female body weights during the recovery
period are shown in Table III. These data are summarized in Table IV. The average body weight data for all test groups were considered
normal when compared to the control group.
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TABLE II
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Diet Period Body Weight Data
Group Sex
Mean Body Weight in kilograms Week:
012345678910______________ H______ 12
c M 2.05 2.06 2.09 2. 12 2. 14 2. 16 2. 16 2. 18 2. 20 2. 22 2. 22 2. 25 2. 26 F 1.71 1.71 1.73 1.76 1.76 1. 79 1. 84 1. 84 1. 84 1. 84 1.90 1.93 1.93
T-I M 1.92 1.97 2. 00 2. 06 2. 04 2. 07 2. 06 2. 09 2.09 2. 13 2. 15 2. 15 2. 1 8 F 1.66 1.67 1. 71 1.75 1.74 1.75 1. 77 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.83 1.81 1. 84
T-II
M 1.91 1.91 1.95 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.04 2.08 2. 12 2. 12 2. 14 2. 16 2. 16 F 1.61 1.61 1. 64 1.66 1.66 1.70 1. 72 1. 75 1. 76 1. 76 1. 79 1.80 1. 79
t-iii
M 2.03 2.04 2.09 2. 10 2. 12 2. 15 2. 16 2. 17 2. 19 2. 22 2.24 2. 22 2. 21 F 1.65 1.66 1. 70 1.70 1. 70 1. 74 1. 74 1.76 1. 79 1.79 1. 80 1. 80 1. 83
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TABLE UI
TEST MATERIAL; Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Recovery Period Body Weight Data
Group C
T-I
Sex
M F
M F
Mean Body W eight in Kilograms Week:
1 23
4
2. 26 1. 86
2.23 1. 89
2. 24 1.91
2. 25 1.92
2. 32 1. 78
2.35 1. 78
2. 38 1. 79
2. 38 1.79
T-II T-III
M
1.94
1.98
2.01
2.04
F
1. 66
1.69
1. 71
1. 70
M
2. 10
2.07
2.07
1. 99
F
1.83
1. 82
1. 83
1. 79
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Group C
T-I T-II T-III
TABLE IV
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclorl221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Summary of Mean Body Weight Data (kilograms)
Pretest
Male
Female
2. 05
1. 71
1.92
1.66
1.91
1.61
2.03
1.65
Test Period
Male
F emale
2. 16
1. 81
2.07
1.76
2.04
1. 71
2. 15
1.74
Sacrifice
Male
Female
2. 26
1.93
2. 38 2. 04
1. 79 1. 70
1.99
1. 79
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2. Food Consumption The food consumption data are presented in Table V. Food
consumption data were considered normal for all test groups when com pared to the control group.
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TABLE V
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclorl221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Average Food Consumption (grams/bird/day)
Week
C
T-I
Group
T-II
T-IU
Test Period
1
148.0
182.0
174.0
142.0
2
141.0
210.0
202.0
160.0
3
173.0
208.0
215.0
168.0
4
166.0
160.0
159.0
190.0
5
183. 0
219.0
208. 0
195.0
6
166.0
261.0
227.0
206.0
7
156.0
238.0
213.0
193.0
8
166.0
250.0
242.0
215.0
9
166.0
253.0
217.0
196.0
10
218.0
267. 0
221.0
242.0
11
211.0
244.0
224.0
204. 0
12
213.0
246.0
243.0
229.0
Recovery Period
1
110.0
200.0
225.0
227. 0
2
142.0*
180.0*
190.0*
201.0*
3
128.0
140.0
202.0
210. 0
4
135.0
T35. 0
152.0
139.0
* Incorporation of new feeding equipment.
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3 . Mortality and Reactions No abnormalities attributable to feeding Aroclor 1221 or
systematic signs of toxicity were observed in any of the test groups when compared to the control group.
Mortality, chronology and diagnoses are presented in Tables VI and VII.
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TABLE VI
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Mortality, Chronology and Diagnoses
Group
Animal Numbe r
Sex
W eek Died
Clinical Diagnoses
C 440
F 9 Lymphomatosis
T-II
386
F 4 Prolapsed Rectum
T-III
392
F 1 Prolapsed Rectum
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TABLE VII
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Mortality Data
Group C
T-I T-II T-m
Number Tested MF 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20
Numbe r Dead MF 01 00 01 01
Total Dead Total Tested
1/24
0/24 1/24 1/24
Percent Dead 4.2
0 4.2 4.2
M = Male F = Female
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4. Gross Pathology Postmortem examination of the majority of birds revealed
no abnormal tissue alterations.
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B- ESg-81. Egg Production and Quality The weekly egg production data are presented in Table VIII. The age of the hens in all groups when collection was started
was 27 weeks and 31 weeks when hatching collection ended. The egg quality data are presented in Table IX. The percent
age of defective eggs is greater in the control group than in any of the test groups.
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TABLE VIII
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Egg Production Data..
Veek
Control
Average
Weight
Percent
Jjjramej^ Production/Day
Average W eight (grams)
1 52.8 2 53.9 3 54.6 4 55.8 S 56.7 6 57.0 7 57.4 8 58.3 9 58.6 10 59.2 11 60.5 12 59.4
62.8 75.0
69.2 70.0 75.7 66.4 62.8 63.5 72.8 66.9 68.9 56.5
49.4 51.7 50.3 53.1 54.1 55.1 55.3 55.6 56.4 56.8 56.8 56.6
T-I
Percent Production/Day
Average
Weight (grams)
Test Period
72.8
49.4
84.2
50.9
87.1
50.1
79.0
52.2
79.0
53.0
80.0
53.9
80.0
55.1
78.0
55.7
65.0
55.6
73.0
55.9
72.0
55.6
69.3
56.4
T-II
Percent Production/Dav
Average W eight (grams)
77.8 85.7
80.0 82.0 85.0 84.0 78.0 78.0 70.6 75.1 76.0 75.0
51.4 51.5 53.3 53.2 50.4 55.3 55.6 55.8 57.0 57.7 56.7 57.2
T-III
Percent Production/Dav
77.4 81.9 73 .1 80.0 75.0 83.0 75.0 76.0 69.0 80.0 72.0 76.9
1 58.6 2 58.5 3 58.5 4 59.6 5* 58.9
65.4 68.2 68.2 69.8 74.0
57.0 56.0 56.3 56.3
56.5
Recove ry Period
84.2
56.4
58.5
54.0
64.2
54.7
60.0
55.5
66,6
55.3
84.7 55.5 71.4 77.7 77.7
56.2 55.7 55.5 56.9 55.6
68.0 60.3 73.0 63.0 70.0
* 3 Day a only.
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TABLE IX
-
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclorl221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Egg Quality Data
Group C
T-I T-II T-m
Detective Eggs
Number
Percent
869 53.4
668 43.7
460 30. 1
439 30. 5
Normal Eggs
Number
Percent
760 46.6
860
56.3
1070
69.9
1002
69. 5
Total Number
1629 1528 1530 1441
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2. Hatchability The hatchability data are presented in Table X. The
percent of eggs hatched was slightly lower in group T-III when compared to the control group and the other two test groups.
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Oroup C
T-l T-1I T-1II
Eggs Set 114 110 136
129
TABLE X
TEST MATERIAL! Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Eggs Hatched
97
94
Percent Hatched
85.0
85.4
Hatchabllity Data
Eggs Unhatched
Stages of Incubation
Full
Mid-
One
Term
Term Week
17
10 1
2
16
63
2
Infertile 4 5
114
83. 3
22
48
5 '5
97
75. 1
32
9 10
6
7
Percent* Infertile
3. 5 4, 5
3.7 5. 4
* Percent o total set,
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3. Specific Gravity The specific gravity data of the eggs collected and candled
are presented in Table XI. Test group data were considered normal when compared to the control data.
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TABLE XI
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclorl221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Specific Gravity Data
Group
Normal Eggs
Average
Number
Specific Gravity
C 221
1.078
T-I 220 ' 1,081
T-II
271
1.077
T-IU
24S
1, 081
Defective Eggs
Average
Number
Specific Gravity
869 1.074
668 1.078
460 1.071
439 1.072
Number
Total Eggs Average
Specific Gravity
1090
1.074
888 1. 080
731 1.074
687 1. 076
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4. Err Shell Thickness The shell thickness data are presented in Table XII.
The shell thickness was considered normal for all test groups when compared to the control group.
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TABLE XII
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Egg Shell Thickness (inches)
Group
Normal Eggs Average
Number Thickness (10`3)
C 221
0. 013
T-I 220
0. 013
T-U
271
0. 012
T-IU
248
0. 013
Detective Eggs Average
Number Thickness (10"^)
869 0. 012
668
0. 013
460
0. 012
439 0. 013
Total Eggs Average
Number Thickness (10*3)
1090
0. 012
888 0. 013 731 0. 012
687 0.013
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C. FI Generation 1. Mean Body Weights and Viability The mean body weights and viability data are presented
in Table XIII. A slight decrease in mean body weight was noted in all test groups on Day 1 when compared to the control group.
2. Gross Pathology Postmortem examination of all chicks revealed no abnormal
tissue alterations.
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Group C T-I T-II T-UI
TABLE XIH
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1221
Toxicity, Reproduction and Residue Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Mean Body Weight and Viability Data
Number of Chicks Day 1
Mean Body Weight
Day 1 (grams)
Number of Chicks Day 30
Mean Body Weight
Day 30 (grams)
Percent Viability
97 41.6
93
279. 3
95. 8
94 38. 0
93
274. 0
98. 9
114 37. 2 101
257. 8
88. 6
97 38. 2
92
267. 8
94. 8
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