Document mpgwypJzYLOjM4N3k6k8XX0mk

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1935 DOC#: NSC215 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC News Article - No Half Way Measures in Dust Control  ; : ^ By A R T H U R S. J O H N S O N , . : X kX 'X ...pkN ,,, sreAresreXss,' T O CONTROl; its'dust-hazard to i.R- extent of making the Occur rence of pneumoconiosis improb able. industry innsi do much more than I Dust control is not an event; it is a program that requires concentrated day-to-day attention buv mechanical dust removal equipment and red il yoing- With it there must he set up icii?1*ne ot: check: arid double check, pc'hap1 whole new. operating practices and a sharp' definition of responsibilines. This all bod' down to day-to-day ileniims Lo -a program de signed upon Et long range health con servation policy. Half-way measures tinrelated to" each other won't work. Nor is this a "done once, done forever" affair. Dust cofiirol is not an event, it is a program that never finishes. Expertis seem to lie in rather general agreement about four grades of pneu moconiosis hazard. First, quartz caus ing real silicosis, a serious solidification of die mass of the lungs by fibrosis or growth of scar tissue. It takes years to . get star ltd, but once started is progres sive. a rimdinort which will not stop and cannot Ik- cured. After exposure of la, 20 or 25 vent's, men in certain trades ac cumulate this fibrosis of the lungs which lessens their capacity for physical labor. It makes them short of breath and <an-.es certain well-defined clinical symptoms. X-rays of their chests show cimrari eristic shadows. A few of these men die as a direct result of this condi- tion. . . , Although few of them have their phvsica! capacity to work lessened even al to the amount of silica in the air breathed. A new ray of hope lies in some fairly good evidence that there may lie mixed dusts in which such dust as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite,, clay or .cernrit dilute the silica hazard and produce less physiological reaction not produce disabling lung pathology, yet we are faced with the facts of claims prosecuted successfully Quantity of dust, rather than qualitj, was doubtless responsible for any ill health. Some stale regulations requite dust exhaust machinery on some operations. We than the silica content operating as pure must, therefore, include for control w quartz alone. s . ' ; A : * dusts which by nature may not he harm A second group of dusts produces \ ful. . somewhat the same clinical picture as 1 Our fourth grade, of hazard is tuber- silicosis in its early stages, yet the x-ray l ctilosis. Tuberculosis is a disease caused of the chest shows the shadows pretty J by a germ, and probably more useful much confined to the lymph ducts, The work has been done to control Lius damage appears not to be so serious as disease than almost ary other. From silicosis in many ways, particularly in time immemorial the dr sty trades which .that it is not progressive nor does it pre we now speak of as having a silicosis dispose to tuberculosis, 'the dusts pro hazard were always among the danger ducing it certainly should be classified spots for tuberculosis. What we now as absorptive and therefore harmful al know is this: that, silicosis makes a first though not. in the same category as class place for tuberculosis to thrive in quartz. There is no question but that and kill the patient off much earlier than lessened lung capacity results from them would, silicosis alone. Opinion seems to after long enough exposure but it cer- be that perhaps .simple silicosis un taihly takes more dust and more time to complicated by tuberculosis rnay seldom lower capacity for work. AsbestOsis falls be fatal, but shortens the working life in this group and apparently similar con of the victim just as angina, arterio d i t t a develop from exposure to ex sclerosis, and such degenerative diseases ; cesses of many mineral dusts relatively low in free silica content. do, . : . ..... On the other hand, we may expect from tuberculosis on of two things: Inert Dusts first, a man brings tuberculosis, no mat ter how dormant it rnay be, into a dusty in 15 or 20 years, there may be actual lung impairment. which predisposes them to tuberculosis. The cause of this sili cosis is silica, as .free quartz, not com bined with oilier elements in the form of silica!in. ion hr quartz as found free in granite. and in its purest natural form as flint mid ganidcr. The studies made of many r ises ol silicosis and the exposures wlhh mured them In the reck indure tries, sand griniling industries, .fire brick making,, etc., have shown that^tbc hazard is silica, and that it is proportion- A third group of mineral dusts rnay be harmless in reasonable quantities. The result of work by some investigators which hits been published recently indi cate day, talc, emery and carborundum dusts to be inert, in some animal ex perimentation these dusts did not pro duce Fibrosis. Contrary, there have been claims for disability from workers who alleged that the exposure to these saute dusts caused their ailments. Experis state that these dusts generally do trade, he may reactiva Ic the tuberculosis and have his case diagnosed as " aggra vated by" the dust; or second, by get ting simple silicosis or perhaps other pneumoconiosis, and then contracting tuberculosis from tubercular associates either at work or elsevhcte, die of tuber-' culosis superimposed on .silicosis. Tuber culosis associated with silicosis does not respond well to treatment. Regardless oF the fact that tuberculosis is an infec tive disease not necessarily occupation- 18 a- m must face this fact, that tubetcu- l'-is is so often the disabling result of loading a cubic foot. This means that things by arbitrary stahdards. dust exposure, that dust control' must if it is found necessary to exhaust' the mdudc tuberculosis control at the same dust at its point of origin so that that X. Dusts which are known to he laredv quart*, 50 to 100 which fepteslts time, , which gets into the breathing zone of the sands, and sand stoni* Wfah are used in the workers wifi be 5 or fewer million mokhug operations,:- midT&mg operntfoi. Measuring the' Hazard invisible motes in each foot of space; we: abrasive pulverizing, ganist brick mixing md aaven't begun when we get out only the Other such operations, can:well be grouped for a limit of 5 million particles." H 'umuiHrissirift, we have three dust.hazs visible dirt. We are confronted with the ar,!s; / H which produces true astounding fact that the health hazard m2j Du7 '''l'1'!-;1.feme .From' the hurdWorks . 111 t!le budding ami monument;:! trades s,.!,l:0''lr"' " regressive, lung-disabting has not been touched, even though an which run 3 to 50 per cent qua? and the (bs-asc: ( 2 ) some dusts whibh produce exhaust is 98 per cent efficient in terms mixed foundry dusts, :Which:#ited with SO to. a !f ti',0,rW which usually fs not KedoU3 :' ouat,h!zJjee wsuec>heh'taonf idnuvsits.ibIlef wheazcaarndn, otatviast- . 0 per cent quartz -inIthi! satid hut have he, diluted by tremendous qUarititfej of smoke and dml IK 1101 Progressive alder exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the' least warns us not to throw together i!" 7 i phosphide parting; m that the dust breathed is often leis than 50 peWtent quilrts,, less; ar!d H i -me dusts which para-. some tin ducts, motors and fans, and cal! d dust control. : a^piactical safe limit for them .appeals to R 10 m.llmn particles. - r .y '.:'. - doxicai.lv re probably -relatively harm less, yet have (teen the claimed basis for Returning to our main theme, lt me as >|! thf vvhole *>* wngt* of dusts suds tuberculosis and other disabilities In repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot as talc or Clay or emery, which corduin either the absence of adequate diagnoses, owac pafiomd histones and a more satisfac as the bench mark for quartz dust. Since the hazard is in proportion to quartz no quartz or only a 5 or t per cent impurity, ! for which T.00 million pmticles is a nmrem be-ncceeded dead line, 1 doubt that we can tory method of adjudicating claims than- the less quartz the less danger, or con- affoid to take chances and be satisfied witfi prosecution at common law, we must veistly, the less quartz the more dust iontrol which brings these dusts down only to com 1title (hut It is necessary to find- a may be permitted. Now, is there a top 00 to. lion particles, I have oftensuggestedI limit of dustiness which, regardless of :15 :m.ihon but have been accused :of1'being practical method for controlling all min eral dus;s. Let us now see whether it is quartz content, might be considered a ridiculous because that figure R Certainly not'' :ib ^arithmetical proportion :tp':tfie !silica com necessai v m, tore* them all the same de maximum above which nothing would tent. Yet, we are faced with this dilemma-- gree OK . i |0 ,,i . be safe, and up to which only the inert Oppose we pick 50 or fit) million partides, tv'e 11avi- ic.oucd that the silicosis haz- or so-called " safe" dust might go? It install a dust control protedtire and find in the course of a number of years' operation that atd is measured by the amount of silica seems to be pretty well agreed among we still get disabling results: No dust control in the rib .readied. This means that the investigators that there is a top limit hat I know of has actually demonstrated that witti but lew exceptions it is directly : and this figure, or second threshold 1., or 50 or 100 million ri *iduc is satisfactory. proportional (o the amount, of dust in limit,, is 100 million particles. In other It may be necessary, therefore, ;to.sltlp:a toietance ton that type-of dust except to say that the air and the percentage of silica that words, no matter what the dust is, it's when tr is over 100 million it must be reduced. is in the dust, I'iie studies which have dangerous if the concentration is greater However, get the dust down its low as is established the sale limit, or tolerance, than 100 million particles per cubic foot, ftw between these limits must lie the reasonably practicable, and ;l5 million still , looks to riu\ or threshold limit for continuous expo- - points of safety which take the propor sruivreed^waiflnoautmdielllieotneripoaurtsicleef*f;e-',ct,ofhaqvuearatrz tion of silica into account. We now understand in general terms what ilusis, how much, and of wh.it dust per cubic toot 0f air. none of which dust is larger Hum 10 micra in sizf:`. [ Standards for Dust Tolerance sizes constitute health hazards. You have a plant, in which you suspect a haz think we need to digress for a moment to visualise what is mNinrby 5 millioii parth Ion nf dust of such tiny size. We know it is invisible u, ihe naked eve bto cause it lalur, R [.,, 20 times that'much to produce a haze, and even that isn't visible us particles of materials, The particles, ihordote, are so small as to thwart incitonu'i'm, As one looks across a dusty room and sees great gob*; ol dirt floating in the air, settling util imlu-r rapidly, or being blown around hy draft currents, he is told that that is not the -lust :We are talking anont. The danger lies in such tiny particles Hvm they could he run be tween lhe hearing and the shaft of a very fine machine ami fiat touch, for a micron in rouglih- .00004' of an inch, kive parHi lea o! and, each piece so small as to be only ,0? of an inch k diameter, pulvei zed down to 5 micra, makes jusi Him 1 million particles (or h What is the practical answer? A table ard. bet us examine wl at can be done of dust tolerances such' as is contained about it to evaluate yom particular con in some state regulations litlfew ell ditions. Dust conltol is 0 expensive you should not guess enough, and in them we find a general: dust lias a lot of quartz in ;;it;:;iudt as ;.agrfceineijtbut. with some variation. In foundry molding sand, .mister, aggie- ;principle most such tables show S to 20 gate for fire brick, grain|fij:;Sahd.: stone million particles as the limits where the for fool grinding, etc., there is a he;dil> quarts! content of the dust runs from 100 hazard. If you can see the dust, you per cent dotvn to 30 or 33 per cent re- know it to be a lerrific Inzard. If there speclively. To use these tolerances is settlement on ledges there is a hazatrl. which are based upon percentages of Y on can save yourself the bother of find silica, both 1hemical and petrographic ing out the exact qualify of toxicity, ami analyses of the dust must be made to get proceed at once to put 1he dust iindri reasonable estimates of the silica,. The control. Your problem lies in the 5 01 sampling and analyses are both very dif 10 million limit group. ficult and expensive, It is doubtful if the sell led out dust represents the haz If, on the other hand, you have some ard, and the raw material certainly does mixed dusls of Jow si]i :a content nr not, Also much evidence indicates that doubtful hazard, before buying dust pew1graphic analyses of the smaller control machine)y yon wrnt to find out ` izes is impossible, It seems tome that, what flic hazard is and hew ninth, 'I. Ire without being contradictory either in fust thought would be to take dust attitude or restilts, We: can simplify (Pes urii 'usl: C o n t r o l (CotiiiHiieti irom page rS) rk; mgemous continuous dust sampling and counting apparatus foi keeping a \'mv. Imnous cuonl ,,f the ^ lf ,,,us> wk'e'iah'a'lysg' arid ' tv ^ tn ^ n he made only by nhvsiei'iho u 1 " h" sl * "f 1 can W arai.K d control the ventilating exhat-si; ; ,( 'hr analysts. They may prove practical methods but , , m ' h a % .:,|os,; is ton,, f, i ; fluantiiics lSFi"u ^SLsS'(o,f?1reasnpdiraVtVoifrleycxapilemrie<n`tsc<` in the P .;wsiibr.hi-if,ip,etvliCeniti.Xveammineaa,siounre1wahnichind^isr "`.m T T ' i " 1 u m m * ">W 'I ij , . ' when the satisfactory .cottrli- tino have been ,cached. This has u - / V H-ry anxious' from ' ,a ' riracfcicsai smndpomi k, determine whether , o i : _ls n''r1,Iy flangcrous or noth Tliis rvHl|U' ,i0 "U' t0 !w a tremendously: im,,: j! U!" P' ,im' f`' it certain dusts artnc, uungrrous Jhe atmospheres contain ; th,! ldi-v.`ac,an to detect diseases of inV w,n ldr r 1^ SfaKPS aad a the ' ,tt'nj<JV<il of ii'e worker from c du,t otters hope of recovery or fi,,- p.vomcn(. I,, addition, the repeat* vaiuaWemed,CaI (rXaniinati(,ns furnish a aiuable means of rletcrfiiining the effec- t , ,. >ls a leifroraittry see nothing impractkahle al U , l t n Uld<>Xpe<;t if U- be as useddeetteecitto, a"ndr cto0mm',otjk mCeacrhba0nnism"Hiinnovtihde.. Holland tunnel. ' L lmn h''111,1 not require such (dean swrepitig' as-though the quart, content wet!:' there alone, : ' ' Our present knowledge of pneumfci- TM nvf . ,R '***, and especially our ," ^ s s of dust control measures. a mimniene'ypr'e*seWnt,Ul<eim"ploye$esirtoabldcistcooveexr asts wlUl ilctlve tuberculosis, in order " a w e P ^ r treatment and prevent arC, practiMl suppression bS w T - Sf d blasb'ug; turn!.,ling, k mdmg ,,nxmg, bagging, driilihg. a h ri c grinding, dry pan mixing and al- J0Wledge 01 these minor, dusts, that tfe do yieji, bnuv definitely which are b & ;m'- ;v<l,ch nn' nnt. Good medical U" ',U ,0' ,>Id nployeas, which records' wouln tmou the incidence of pneumonia, h l K T ?*?' il,fdion` ,his Procedure -j.'- 0 `?tIr UP claims or misunder- shindmga on the part of the workmen. 1 `''jnnmiations, if made, should he ,,sud. only for rehabilitation purposes. r n n e n t i T ^ 01 unless wofl f U^ S` .7h<y lu'e expensive n o , 8" 1''' ' Pbey re. too ofieri ineffective because, as I said before they don l_ begin to touch the health tubmmlus.s, etc,, would' be helpful' o fT h e r ? 1 l,'cy. }lElve rid Of nlosf i ' v`1`'y lA ' " 'l-doyees with 20 years or Equipment fot Dust Counts f the dust, which .s the best they can more exposure would be most usefui, bri(; I Our prot, n now is to suppress the ucttd'ioonn o7f t7heeard,usUt.t dTuheeytf>coths<t` aatifwigkivc :;,e ' 1 irom '"expert. diagnosis oh the one hand, and misuse of the inform;.- ust to a sate limit. That implies its re S i `re C0St UiiUaliy caunot he non on the other, makes examination of movai at the source by mechanical ex vo rf ir, ('n 116 g,',Unds oi improved employees dor this purpose something to haust. Ihat implies counting ihe dust work efficiency or quality of protillfl. be avoided. 1 urge that more satfefar- .Jo begin With in order, to have some basis Occasional mstallal. ons will be self- tory yardsticks for evaluating this hat!- : or designing the equipment, and re- 2 r0rtI7 - ,he K ' lly rop on mck -oun mg to know that the equipment is dling has been demonstrated to i,u- ard. !!;l ,<)undi a,uI the recent and current ,0XI(:".v Judies hdd some hope for an working satisfactorily. The fmpinger dr tbe l:osl *** h0f drilled ht has answer, standard method is complicated, slow, icreased the drilling rate sufficientIv . In the meantime, it is necessary to as expensive and poor for routine checking to Offset .the .cost; Also In the case m that all miheml-dusts contain ?or[ 1c0aulfi*brauti.oranu.st Wbee. usthedereafsorae,stwanandat rda tofflaamir-ceonnadmiUelonisedsprroaoymeds, itnhewehxicphenpsiovre- i- dsoomr echoenatrltolil, hamzaidrd raenlyd p' uutp,otnhemthaeil.luonw- simple method, one that somebody not am conditioning system' can be made emails content of the material producing an industrial health expert can use sat o oontroi the dust and at the same y the dost to locate it in the third or least' isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis he made economically sound by harmful bracket. ' factory instrument in the hands o P IL reason of an improved quality of h may be well to consider medical ex man who has had some training.. T heH % enameled surface. No doubt there are strument is imported, is rather difficult many installations which have already iasmriencaotmiomnsenadsead dtuhsatt cnoenwtroelmmpleoayseuerse.foIrt iin!!)(r ? : ,a,,d notto expensive, under demonstrated economy from oilier con I bdieve. . siderations than improvement to health. dusty (daces be found physically fit in onirn- u;> avoir) introducing men whose Another instrument is the Owens, Jet he point I wish to make is tlui die conduce-, makes <hem liable to an early which has fieen modified bv Mr. Hatch of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ improvement to health is too important i to waste time trying to justify dust eX dbirseeaaksesriamlvrueadoyn parecsceonutn,torofwhdoefmecatys inor ated with me in the American Mutual to' haust equipment upon economic omsid- let! others by spreading disease. make its operation simpler and more sat rations. Where operations are spread isfactory. This apparatus was built out over a great area, as in the case of . Frp<u' diagnosis of such physical con ditions can only be accomplished bv specifically for use in checking tile dust control apparatus i,, a . ]ilrge grailit(. foundries, it is difficult to avoid raising dust in the shakeout operaion.except bv having a medical examination with xrays oj the chest, including as complete sned, and is entirely satisfactory. (Jp to :expensive mechanical irutallations. Most a medical ami employment history of tlie present time I do not know that any instrument maker has undertaken , to of those which have come to my atten tion have been installed or the economic rtehceomapmpelknrduend thartanx-r)a:,ey oibnttaeirnperde,tatiitoniss manufacture it, but certainly a demand purpose of sand handling and in most, would create interest to produce them at such cases were far from satisfactory from a dust control standpoint, Thev rhandle 1:1ie sand tonnage all right but they do not touch the. mierograms. , j Let us now look further to see whether some other reraedhss will be satisfactory..Suppose we leaiv the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't work, except Cm very hurt periods or for emergency wort;, such as cleaning out dust artesO'tv or loading tumbling barrels. There hould be tio question about efficient .<>piral.ors because the United States Bureaus of Mines is how, prepared to make tests and ah lunplbyBr,:: can justifiably I'oiil his purr:Imre 1o res pirators whicli meet stlieae fets. Evert though respirator may be efficient, they arc uncomfortable, iitiii while it is hot i hardship for a mart to wear a; respiratort temporarily, or oven for a week perhaps during a period of breakdown in the dust exhaust system, 1 citnnnl conceive of workmen remaui.mg contented if they have, lo wear respirator:, continuously for a long period. If they need to wear them and. don't, wear them properly: they might iusl as well Poi haVe' tluim oft. at ail. ' "d, c' in operation*, which can be confined to a limited- spu-i, ueh us sand blasting and perl taps shaking .-Ottf some types :of castings, Ihe workers, can be encased in heltnek, provided with an adequate sup ply of dean air. Tbe air line helmet & practical for contimiou- use, while a filter respirator is practical for only limited periods. If the dust is extremely heavy, say .100 - million paiUcles of quarts, and a respivatbi is 9f? cent efficient, the worker is still breathing six million, particles; which is too much. Think of respirators preferably to sup plement exhaust systems. What else can we do to get rid of the dust hazard? The first to suggest itself y jo ' yid of the silica, content in. the dust. I know of one group of foundries which is conducting extensive research involving the use of molding sanus that are idee of quartz. That may prove to be thoroughly practical and is a step in the \right direction. Any plant can study its opera;mns in see whether the quartz ma teria! that is being used can be elimt- rated Castiugs in some cases can be cleair: il vvilii water. Blasting can be done reijiiemly with, steel grit instead of sand. t 'crtainly loundties can use silica- free purling compound that is Justus good -is quartz: dust. Silica packing idiomd be replaced in annealing opera tion1, Pulverized quartz is not needed- y-.-, ;m .-brashii*. This is one avenue of I onivol which should have thorough vtnrw m each individual, case. Ever! though you get rid of quartz ' OipjrWhtOlrSUSSvtot;:I b i f i i i f l S t f t Happy ft ban often been said that a man is no bettor than bis feet. Mangled, bruised, broken or smashed toes and feet not only take u man, olf tbe job, bwt cost real money in compensation, medical and other direct and indirect costs. In ad dition such in ju rie s reduce the morale of fellow w orkm en and slow down production. Yon can p ro tect your workers' feet by insisting they wear Lehigh Safety Shoes with the improved steel box safety toe. Their feet will be happy feet, protected against, injury ami further---Lehigh Shoes are built for comfort, durability and appearance. EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES No. 8 3 9 -- Black Elk B luchcr, Leather Sole and Rubber Heel, No. 838 -- As AhoVe, Except Chrome Leather Middle Sole, Army Grid Rubber Sole and Rub ber Heel, , Sizes 5-12. BE L E H I G H ... S A F E T Y , S H O E C O i l ST. )V%N, P A . J f n t H S lip T r e a d s Also ttronaalun, Ahtmalun and Nimlnn PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abtasive next in hardnem to the diamond assures durability and anti-slip efficiency. AEL ARE FIREPROOF Originator* and developers of Abrasive metals for SAFE WALKWAYS , , 1; Specify Feratun arid He Sure AM ER ICA N ABRASIVE METALS CO Irvington, New Jersey SEPTEMBER, 1935 mintoliHU4lUnliM![UWM*ttlJ !<$,'XvtYttTTi'jT--;.1 but cannot get rid of all dusl, See " ``-'l you can do abcut getting rid of e*vm-' of it by conducting operations in sin a manner as to minimize the raising ot dust. Explore your process, for'instance,, lli liif* e :: and see how much residual dust lies on' the horizontal beams, ledges, etc, in some plants that have not beeti cleaned . for .a long time this dust has been found to tie at the angle of repose and the vi bration of a passing truck would liberate at; . Gro-Cord and Raw-Cord Sole* Jk># and Heels contain* , approxi mately 70% native cotton. The Cotton i* twisted into tough cord* to increase wear. a Cord* are placed in the sole ON-END to prevent slipping. Sjg Non-Slip features relieve leg strain. enough dust in the air to be of itself a serious hazard. This can be got rid oi by a thoroughly practical means, such as vacuum cleaning or blowing down with a jet of wet, air or steam. Reap; rators are satisfactory for the protection of men doing the cleaning. There is an ;economic value1..in 'tbb item. It has been reported by, soiwf The high percentage of cotton m in t heat and cold. CORD-ON-END gives cushion COMFORT to the feet. plants which have improved their house keeping by this method and have gone t step farther and brightened up thee factory rooms with paint and adept!-: t s m - c o m ' and r a w -c o r d solti and heels tire used in dairies, frio,. end steel foundries, railroad otto factories, gas and elec* h ie plants, ice and fuel stations, Stone quarries, m in e s , g e n e r a l warehouses -- where Safely is an important factor, ' Flexibility and ease in walking. s * NON-SLIP adds confidence and efficiency to the wearer. 9 GBO-CORDS and RAW- CORDS guard against lost time accidents from slipping. Safe workers arc efficient work 1 0 . ers and are in demand. lighting that other accidents have beet reduced and work, efficiently increased Certainly an extremely dusty place ffid1 cates sloppy housekeeping. Housecleart ing must be put on a periodic routine, Dry processes will sometimes admit c being changed to wet, processes, or darn processes. While dampness will not ja dust, moisture in the process will p F-Jow--twfore you have an accident is the time to purchase shtttw that CORD o r RAW-CORD soles and heels on them. Your work will be more p because of this added safety .4 gee our exhibit.at m b Annual Safety Congress and m irm r n o . 1, Brown Hotel. Tioulsville. K y., O cto ber 14-1*. 1935.. vent the generation of dust in man cases.. Care must be exercised in into: preting this suggestion because water >' a high speed- grinding wheel does nprevent the dust. One of the most set 1M m * Coird Sola & I*C., apt. 7 -F, U n a r O. ous silica health hasiards is wet grind on natural shid stone wheels. The me l-roterted liy Putente - Any lfrin|Wwnt WH1 )) Fl-Mocnt! deuce to tuberculosis is high. Water i artificial emery and carborundum whet may or may not be beneficial. It h P-mitted in lieu of drist exhaust m at let, one state, but we are faced w.dh t I opinion that these dusts are ham* anyway, unless the volume is high. J worth depends upon getting the m r well below 100 million particles. Having done all the house-keeping a R ubberised Fabric Link M a t This Non-slip Safety Mat is especially designed for industrial u w t r here is a slip hazard. In addition, ^ ey mcrease the workers' eFficiency as they reduce fatigue brought on by stand ina on concrete, brick, tile or hard flooring; Ideal for placing inlront of machines and where wet conditions exist. Heavy qalvanited wire with cadmium plated clips P" " * are used to prevent rust. Furnished in sizes to meet your require ments. Low in cost and long wearing.^ : _ ; Write today for prices and complete information. I HE B U X 6 A U M C O M PA N Y process improvement that can oe dt-v--in- .lieu of exhaust, we are conlrunl w ith the'question of whether there m remains dustTh sufficient quaiddy in Some processes to make it niee^.-D remove it by mediani id exhaust, emmIs svili tell the answer. Hand .op tions,. suchTfc'hioWing, can be dr without raising much riusi, Most 1 chanical operations whirl' use or A1-11 ate dust must be exhausted. It seems evitable tf at exhaust be used on t*. slingers, reck crilsheis, (by pans, etc A kron , O h io Assuming that we have put in an :k; : NATIONA% ||F'L|Y AT'1 haust system that k well designed, what must he done to make it work!1 1 have said that they wear out. You must put dust counts on ;t routine basis as a check of the efficiency of the system. Whether you use the Zeiss or the. Owens' or the impinger doesn't matter, the System must be 'explored constantly .forhoiks, the dust tnuis muss 1m cleaned regularly,- and the dust disposed of. so that,it won't blow back, into the building. If the de sign contemplates returning, the cleaned air to the building, extremely careful checking of it. must be done in order that the hazard, may not be ebwipounded. It is pool' practice to tetuni the or to tliS building because operation is so ofted badly maintained. o ? : Who is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the man agement, iff responsible for the prove; sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it, .they have to spend the money and if is management'-, responsibi'ily 1o see that; it is spent properly, The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rest entirely with the management. It ft Ft m i .vai pfr****"? Out of the Way Places When you make your next plant inspection, he sure to notice those more or less out-of-theway drive belts, motors, sh a ftin g or other -equipment that should he guarded, hul, that have been neglected due to their location. It is a good policy to protect every hazard even though the chance of accident in seemingly not a Iuc-'shI which can controlled by efficient supervision and safe practices alone. The supervisory department is re sponsible for the housekeeping, safe practices and ssnop methods. Some as signed wmbtas of the supervisory de partment ire responsible .for the main tenance mid operation of the dust-re moval equipment and ? for the dust sum 11. . ' It is real economy lo protect your -workers from possible injury and it iR Safety Guard Economy when you do so with H & K Guard Accessories. They are furnisher! ready for easy and quick assembly by your handy man in his spare time. All H&K Guard Accessories are under tnspec- tiutt service of Underwriters' Labors tones, life. counts used as a check on the system. If there ever was a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re moval system, It won't work, without this attention. - V The workers, carry a responsibility too. 'nu-c mml use the safeguards pro vided, wind .her they he .respirators or 114 lib e rty St. new yoke, n. y. ' * .^ _ ' ......................... L ......................... 5 6 'U) Fillmore St. CHICAGO, HA. - ' '1 iL' II .in ^ Im--OiHCi.I li HI MU' nun* IS IHHI" portable hoods to place behind hand tools. They must not stuff bags into duels to -!up drafts. Dust control 9. a coopeiMlive 'tiling...each division early-. ing its share of responsibility. Nobody can avoid. Ins non iidb'ly and make USE a USS1& a O N IO N " W o r^ C O lU M B IA w_ ; C A R B O Y IN C U N A Y O R {ot the SAFE and EASY way In pour acids and chemicals from carboys :ru sixrall nod medium size;di urns. the thing work. A Cotredi on Thnuigh ari error in th captino,u.compiinyiug tbe llustralion un page 11 of the Auguri Nationa, Nunm N e\v-. Alfred C. Slmili. Jr.,, prcsldenl ot Gen eral Motors Corporation, was refeitod to a-- vicc-pre-ddent of the corporation. A tried - and - proved device attractively priced. Sold mi money-hack guiiismtee. w***"""... --..... th e in c u n a y o * , COM PAN Y Send for a corhpleWy illus trated and deaiJtiptive bulle tin giving full particulars and prices. P O. b o x w h w m h a s o . , m w : yKPTiaJBCK. WTl