Document mpE8mwDdXqYK35xaJXyDGRjyb

RATIONAL SAFET9 CONGRESS ATLANTIC CITY OCTOBER 16-20, 1939 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. *^oprlqhl, ItJf, National Salaty Council. Inc. Mntad In U, S. A. I 41- 1422ft Contents ill Transaction* of the 28th National Safety Congress Tami l'.K|xisition of the National Safety Council, October Jf>20, 19.39, are published in two volumes. Volume 1 con tains the general anil subject sessions and the sessions of the various Industrial Sections. Volume II contains the Street anil Highway Traffic, the Commercial Vehicle, the Transit, the Child education, and the Home Safety sessions. Volume 1 is distributed automatically to all industrial mem bers of the C ouncil. Volume II is sent to members who are believed to he interested chiefly in the sessions it contains.. However, other Council members may obtain Volume II upon request. Many members have found it of benefit to distribute copies of the Transactions volumes to both executives, foremen and supervisors, who have used the practical information they contain in safety programs and for general reference pur poses. Kxtra copies of the Transactions may he obtained as follows: One to 10 copies of V>i. i, at $2 each; It or more copies, $1.75 each. Extra copies of Vol. II cost 75 cents each. ill- Transactions are a condensed record of the pro Tceedings of the Congress. The papers and addresses have been edited to delete extraneous matter, abbreviate the less Muportant (xirtions, and emphasize what may lie of particttlair usefulness in promoting effective safety organization and other accident prevention measures. These volumes, there fore. are a somewhat abridged version, compact, practical and of particular value to the student and executive inter ested in achieving more thorough accident prevention suc cess. The original manuscripts are available for additional reference, if desired, in the files of the National Safety Council. rT1IIC National Safety Council, at its Congresses, seeks to 1 eliminate from discussion matters which are not pertinent to the aims of the Congress or which may he contrary to the l ouncil's poVtcies It cannot accept responsibility, however, for all views expressed either in the papers which have been delivered or in the discussions based ujxm these papers NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago Council Officers and Directors Council Purposes and Program Annual Meeting of Members. . 4 9 11 Annual Banquet Special Subject Sessions-- 27 A Eliminating Mechanical Causes of Accidents . . 29 >i Fire Control and Prevention............................ 43 Fumes, Gases and Vapors.................................. 55 9 9 Governmental Safety Service in Industry 69 Health Service in Industry.............................. 93 UT Industrial Nursing............................................. 109 Maintaining Interest in Safety..................... 123 Occupational Disease Control........................ 133 Off-the-job Accidents .................................... 149 Safety Inspectors ............................................. 163 The Human Slide of Safety............................ 181 Welding and Cutting......................................... 203 Aeronautical Section 225 A. S. S. E.--Engineering Section.......................... 239 Automotive and Machine Shop Section............. 245 Cement and Quarry Section.................................... .259 Chemical Section ........................................................ 273 Construction Section ............................................... .299 Food Section ................................................................. .319 Marine Section ............................................................ 339 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section ....................................................................... Metals Section ............................................................ Mining Section ............................................................ Paper and Pulp Section............................................. Petroleum Section ...................................................... Power Press Section.................................................... Public Utilities Section........................................... Refrigeration Section ............................................. Rubber Section ............................................................ Steam Railroad Section........................................... Textile Section .......................................................... Wood Products Section........................................... Safety Exposition Exhibitors.............................. Index ...................................................................... .391 407 .449 .477 .531 .567 581 .607 .623 .645 .677 .693 .715 .719 National Safety Council, Inc. HONORARY MEMBERS A'.mkiaubn or Iron and Sim Kni.inffks Kimifkt W, Camprfil l.nv K I'aimfr OFFICERS (1939-1940) Cm JmiNSTii.WF.il., President II J. Aldrich, Viet President for Safety Councils 1 C Campbfii, Vice-President for Industrial Safety Wm. C Knofik, Vice-President for Education Dr Miij.fr McClintock, Vice-President for Puldic Safety I W Millard, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer Wai ter S. Paine, Vice-President for Engineering I. iw R Pai mfr, Vice-President for Public Relations A V Rohwfdfr, Vice-President for Home Safety K T. Soifnstfn, Vice-President for Membership W H. Camfron, Managing Director and Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (1939-1940) If J. Aldrich, Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc J. I Hanash, Past President C W. Bercquist, Past President H. W. Rocofss, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co H E Bolt, South Bend Civic Safety Council E. W Braun, ASSE-Engineering Section W II. Camfron, National Safety Council L C. Campbfii, The Koppers Coal Company K W Campbell, Past President Koufrt I Cati in, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co D, B Chant, Paper and Pulp Section I. fwis A. Drill ms. Past President C W. Dkmpfsv, The 1.liquid Carbonic Corp. C. R Dooi.fy, Sonny-Vacuum Oil Co, Inc. Marcus A Dow, Past President Haroid F. Eniows. American National Red Cross I) I) Fewnh.i., Past President H J Griffith, Metals Section F. E CiRovfr, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co Harry Guii.iuht, The Pullman Co. G T. Hfiimu'iii, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Haroid l. Hoffman, Unemployment Compensation Comm S B HnRRFt.i, The Carey Salt Co W hi oyu I si kson, Delaware Safety Council of N J 4 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued VVAt 11R It Kim.. Past Piesidriii Wm C Knofik, Milwaukee Safety Commission John E I.ono, Past President Thos H MasDonaiu, Federal Public Roads Administration R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transputt Dr. Mili.fr McCi intoc k, Yale University I. W. Millard, Industrial (doves Co Harold L. Minfr, E. 1. do Pont de Nemours & Co Hon. Eliot Ness, Director of Public Safety, (')cvrlaiul C, ) Nobmann, Petroleum Section E. J. O'Brif.n, Jr , Louisville Safety Council Walter S. Paine, Aetna Life & Affiliated Cos Lew R. Palmer, Past President C. E. Pettibone, Past President B. O. Pickaiid, Marine Section At.BERT S. Redui.a, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc R. J. Reic.eluth, Construction Section Lt. Cot.. Hf.nry A. Rf.nincf.r, Past President E. A. Robf.rts, Textile Section A. V. Rohwfdfr, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Ry Co Charles B Scott, Past President Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety (imitrd Carl L. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council C. R. Smith, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Soi.ensten, Elliott Service Co. Lf.si.ie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago Cot.. John Sth.wfil, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. John M. Sylvester, Lehigh Valley Safety Council C. P. Tor man. Past President GforoE G Traver, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dr. C. H Watson, Past President A. W. Wh!TNEY, National Conservation Bureau R. V. Wright. Railway Age Arthur H. Yoiino, Past President DIRECTORS (1939-1940) H. J. Ai.dkicii, Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc, A L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Company Vern W. Aubfi, Safety Div , Syracuse Chamber of Commerce L I Ranasii. Past President D A, Barrett, Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Lfo I! Heaui ac, Blackstone Valley Safety Coum-il Ernest W Beck, United States KhIiIkt t o. <\ W BFR(.ytnsT, Past President K l'. Bt ark, Jones & Laugfifin Steel Corp H. W. Bor.iiF.ss, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co. H E Bolt, South Bend Civic Safety Council s OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. Continued \ B BnlUM, Wim I'HMII Public Sri Vii'f F np I ( llovim. Antnmniivr and Machine Shop Section h \V Braun, ASSK Knguieenng Section Iosh-m A Hno*mv, Kh/aheth Safety ( mined |- S Brown. Standard Accident Insurance ( <> P N Husmnm i , C ement Section \\ ff ("aMf ron, National Safety (oumil A D ( aMi'Rff i, Mining Section I ( Campbell. The Koppers Coal Co h'om wi W C amprfii, Past President K x>moni> A l ak! v, Kvanston Safety Coinu il Pay Carney, Kenosha Safety Council Kohi-rt ( Otiin, Aetna Casualty St Surety ( < I > H C hant, Paper ami Pulp Section Wh M (T ark. St Joseph Safety Council Kfnnfth B Cot man, Seattle Traffic & Safety Council ( I- ( uniNtY, Bethlehem Steel Co. I .iv.is A Bf.Buiss, Past President (' \V Hempe^y, The I ujiiul ( arlnmic l orp Mu nN W DdwtrtNSKY, Hast Bay Safety ( yunnl ( R Dooiey, Socnny-Vacuum Chi Co Inc I a we s B hoiii.i as, The 1 `hi Uriel pfna Gas Works C o Mauuis A How. Past President I f aroi i) F Kniows, American National Red Cross D D Ih'NNH i. Past President I toNAi u A I'lNKHUNtH, Toledo Safety Council Mr Hart K Fkhfr. Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Viomh B Fn7PATinvK, Richmond Safety Council Howard B Iminha. Burroughs Wellcome Si Co (PSA) Im \Vm II l oKsYTti, Superior Si DmigUs < otinty Safety C ouiici! Akihiir C Fry, Worcester Safety Council I oil n B Gibson, Western F.lectrir Co Bn H Gift, Peoria Association of Commcrcr Safety C oum il Randoiph I. C.iiman, Rahway Safety (`mined W A Griffin, American Telephone Si Telegraph C o. H I Griffith, Metals Section K I* Grover. Columbus 8i Southern Ohio Klee trie ( o Harry Guii ru m. The Pullman Company f> T Hajuiinmmn, l1 S Bureau of Mines Frank H Harrison, International Harvester Co G T Hm i mutii, Chicago Rapid Transit Co K I Kinky. Strum Railroad Section I C 11 moo hi, Greater l.os Angeles Safety Council < has. F. Him, New York Central System Haroid (. V hu-mploymcnt i <mpens*.\tum ( New It'EMA I'M'i IIoii and. Bah inn.re Safety Council I Andrew llmih. Child Kduration Section S B. Hokrm i, Tlif i aic> Salt Co Major Norman \ Imho. Safety (mined of Columbus C ha mite i of t I'miiirrcr (j OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued Mf.MMK k I M Kyi *N, Fillpli > c*V Pill il | at loll ScCtu.lt W. IKi o\d J ai kson, Delaware Safety C ouncil Wm F Jamfs. Philadelphia Safety C ouncil Jasper B Johnson, Madison County Safety Cininnl T. B. Johnson, Commercial Vehicle Section Frank I, Jones, Greater New York Safety Council Thomas P Kf.arns, Ohio Industrial Commission Ralph O. Keefer, Chemical Section H. H. Kf.i.i.y, U S Interstate Commerce CommisMon Waiter G. Kinc.,, Past President Wm. C. Knof.i.k, Milwaukee Safety Commisxion Wm. S. Knudsfn, Detroit Industrial Safety Council Otto C. Kuhrt, Greater Springfield Safety Council C. L. LaFountainf, Great Northern Railway Co Roy Lee, Contra Costa County Safely Council Arnold Lockfrby, Grand Rapids Safety Council John E. Long, Past President Thos. H. MacDonald, Federal Public Roads Adrimnist rat mu Hon. Arthur Vi/. Mai.fe, New Jersey Commissioner of Motor Ve hicles Dennis J. Maj.f.v, Safety Bureau, Buffalo (.handier of Commerce R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport H. IN. McClellan, Berkeley Traffic Safety Commission Dr. Miller McCi.intock, Yale University David L. Millar, St. Louis Safety Council l. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Company Harold L. Miner, E. I du Pont de Nemours & Co. Harry S. Moody. Rochester Safety Council R. B. Morlf.y, Industrial Accident Prevention Associations R. W. Morse, Ru!l>er Section (`. L. Murray, Mason City-Cerro Gordo County Safety Council Mon EllOT Nf.s'n, Director of Public Safety, Cleveland C J. Normann, Petroleum Section K. Jf. O'Brien, Jr., Louisville Safety Council George C. A. Opp, The Detroit Edison Company Waiter S. Paine, Aetna Life & Affiliated Companies Lfw R. Palmer, Past President David A. Patton, Newark Safety Council C K. Peacock. Chattanooga Safety Council Charles W. Penihhk, Safety Division, Milwaukee Association of Commerce C H. Pf.ttimonf, Past President H O. Phkakd. Marine Section 1111mie Harry HI Porter, Street & Highway Traffic Section II A. Ptolemy, Public Utilities Section A A. Rail, Refrigeration Section Airf.rt S Kfmma. Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc R I RfKi'F.i.iitii, ( mist ruction Section I t Cot.. Hf.nry A Reninger, Past President Marinus Ritkr, Paterson Safely Council F A Roberts, Tcxtde Section 7 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued A V U'm v. e me k. Duluth, & Imu Fauxc l\v < I- Sankium, (.<-nrr.il Klecinc ( onsjiany Menhv ( . S< haee nen. Meat Packing, Tanning & Leather Industries Sec il ion Harry K St iie ark, Kansas City Safely Council Chakies B Scott, Past President Kari S Smart?fr, 11|ica Safety Council Frank T Shffts, Portland Cement Association Gfn John H Sumhuirnf, Massachusetts Safety Cornu i! Dr I A Snounv, Bethlehem Steel Company Fkne*'T I. Simoni>\ New Haven Safety Council Aihh i-h Skiinnfr. Safety l>ep., Nashville Chamher of (Vmmmv Cam I. Smith, Cleveland Safety C'ottncil C K Smith, American Air Lines, Inc K T Soifnstfn, Elliott Service I.fmie J, Sorfnson. City Traffic Engineer, Chicago E ( Spring, Philadelphia, Ta Cm John Stiiwfii, Consolidated Edison Company of N Y Im Eomwno C Stonf, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council John M. Syi.vf.stfr, Lehigh Valley Safety Council Arthur M. Todf, Consulting Marine Engineer C. IV Toi man. Past President C.Four.F G. Travfr, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dr B L. Vosruroh, General Electric Company Dr f, II, Watson, Past President Frh> A. Wfrb, Food Section G Wisf Wfs(ott, Safety Dept, Automobile Chih of Rhode Island T Anc.i in Wiiitf, Safety Div , Birmingham Chamber of C ommerce S F. Whitinc., Liberty Mutual Insurance Co A W Whitnfy, National Conservation Bureau ? ( Wff son. Wood Products Section A N Woophfaii, Albany Safety Council W F. Worth, International Harvester Co. U V Wrh.hf, Railway Age Ariiii'r II. Yoonc. Past President I' I /auit. Safety Bureau, Duluth Chamhri of ( mmerut M K /imhr. Power Pre'-s S<clion 8 Council Purposes and Program The National Safely Council is a non profit, cooperative association wliose ohjeelive is the elimination of accidents I o achieve this objective the Council advocates the following program of safety activities: I CREATING INTEREST IN SAKETY. People will try to prevent accidents only when they are convinced of three things: (a) that accidents are really a seri ous problem, threatening personal happiness, industrial efficiency and economic security; (b) that accidents don't "tust happen," but that each one has definite, ascertainable causes; (c) that accidents can be prevented The basic requirement in a national safety program, therefore, is a dramatic and ef fective presentation of these farts to more and more people. 2. FINDING ACCIDENT CAUSES Accident causes are not the same in any two plants, in any two cities, in any two schools. They are not the same from one time to another. Every industrial plant, every city, every school and every other public or private organization, therefore, must study the causes c>f accidents in its own group, so that prevention efforts al ways will be directed at the things really responsible for accidents i, MAINTAINING INTEREST IN SAFETY. People retain interest in veryfew things of which they are not contin uously reminded. Therefore, it is the task of the newspaper, the radio, the magazine, the school, the public speaker and every other educational influence to keep remind ing the worker, the driver, the pedestrian, the housewife and the school child that freedom from accidents depends on personal caution, and that the safe way is the right way and the best way--from the standpoint not only of linmaii satisfaction, but of social efficiency and economy 4. ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT. Many accidents occur Iteraitsc equipment is faulty. The punch press is unguarded, the automobile brakes arc worn, the stairway is crudely built, the prop-ller is defective, the stop sign is obscured The avoidance of accidents, therefore, requires that safety he built into every piece of machinery, every home, every school building, every high way. We must insist that the things we buy- whether a stepladder or a stop sign, a band-saw or a blast furnace--be safe things. And we must be willing if necessary to pay a higher price because of this built in safely factor, realizing that it is true economy to do so 5. TRAINING FOR SAFETY. Many accidents occur because the injured person or some other person acts in an unsafe manner. This unsafe art often is com mitted because the person involved never has been taught how to do the job in the safe way Therefore, boys and girls, men and women, must lie taught how to work, bow to drive, bow to cross the street, how to live safely. This teaching and training is a joint responsibility of industry, of schools arid colleges, of gov ernmental groups and of parents in the home. 6. SUPERVISION FOR SAFETY. Many who know well the safe method of performing an act nevertheless are involved in accidents because, due to hurry, fatigue, thoughtlessness or some other reason, they do not perform the act in what they know is the safe way. Therefore, we need good foremen in industry, alert patrol boys in our schools, diligent police officers on our streets, thoughtful parents in our homes. These, through wise guidance of those under their supervision, can greatly minimize the chances of accident 7. LEGISLATION FOR SAFETY, Avoidance of accidents requires the adop tion and scientific enforcement of sound leg islation--legislation on traffic, on industrial matters, on public transportation, on home construction and maintenance, and on many items of personal conduct Such legislation provides a standard to which a large ma jority of people are witling to conform and tints, live together harmoniously and safely. It also provides a basis for requiring the conformity of a small minority, who would not otherwise he willing to submerge their personal desires, for the sake of safety in the entire group. R SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY. Leadership in every walk of life should involve leadership in safety. Those who administer 9 ' IX ',vr/i Natii'ittfl an rm<n< .* b<r shut down entirely, all Hut ma|of repairs cflrcfeff. ami placed Hack tu t>peraft<m a^am, will* no apprt* < tattle flifleicncr in the airplane's flying ability. And engine failures aannnt for l^lb per rent of fatal airline accidents Large aircraft, too. are flown with a wh< rt the facilities were hudl into the rlestgn of the original aircraft --are incur porated in the technique of international over-water flying They are basic to a record of 171.871,000 over-water passen ger miles, without a fatal accident in flight The safety record of transoceanic and different technique. The flight deck on the transocean clippers, for instance, is the same su-e as the passenger cabin on the transcontinental air transport did not just grow It is the result of deliberate effort, of painstaking care, of endless research largest of our present land transports. I his flight deck is reserved for the flight and test. Air travel, as we know it today, is purely a concept of this generation. If crew Instead of the usual pilot-copilot combination, these clippers are flown by a crew of five primary flight officers-- has had to make its way, from the start, in competition with the matured safety record* of the older forms of transport. It with five reserve officers--under the direct lias had to struggle with the principles of command of a captain who graduated to this position of trust and of responsibility through a minimum of seven years of 'Uidy *nd training. Under the captain, the primary flight functions normally han dled by the pilot copilot are divided into separate flight stations--administration, piloting, navigation, radio communication, engineering. Kach of these posts is manned by a specialist, trained for that particular task These flight officers stand watch and are irrhevrd at tegular period**, and tefnrn In iffirir own hying tpiatltr** aho aid dnp increased danger inherent in any type of high-speed travel--and we have the fast est ever known to man. But, because of these very reasons, more effort has been continuously and forcefully exerted to raise tine standard of airline safety than that lavished in any similar period of de velopment on any other mean* of trans port. This extraordinary effort has not come alone from within the industry itself. The encouraging results are, in a real measure, due to the tireless cooperation which the ait transport industry has received from I hough years of training, of study and outside agencies such as the National Ad actual experience, these multiple crews visory Committee for Aeronautics, our function as one man and make possible, (ioveruinent's great research organiia- for the UrM time in long distance trans timi. and the Civil Aeronautics Authority, port air< raft, the achievement of scion whose diligent efforts to effect greater iifi< flight conduct a system which, tut drf t)ir (diiiiiisml of fhr Captain, provide*- iirlinc safety stand out as a signal achieve ment of their first full year in office. In for a triple check oh all pnmar\ factors, fact, ail having to do with aviation have which lessens strain without lessening re shared in the early recognition. I>y the air '|inii*il)il)(v, which c designed to effect transport industry, of its responsibility the highest attainable level of personal toward the public in the matter of safety. Mu n-m \ -\nd personnel error- account /<>r nrarIv kf prr rmi of fatal airline acri I heso combined elements ail continue a* ** tivc as ever today in their common goaL < /< l wiH ) I h**r Kipport offers the promising poua* ' * *t v can ftentoaflt be '* -d* "'* form -f travel fcnov* t hr lif*f t) i ** <1*pp- J/)/()f//UVd//:/V7' American Society of Safety Engineers - Engineering Section Officers 1938-1939 Gmerat Chairman--H. E. Donovan. Standard Oil Co of California, San Francisco, Calif yict-Chairtnon-- F. W. Braun, Employers Mutuals. Wausau. Wis. FTee-C/iaiEmatF--H. J Griffith, Jones & I.auglilin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa Srcrttary--W. Dean Keefer. National Safely Council, Inc, Chicago, III Mrmbm at l-arpe-- George J. Adams, international Paper Co., Glens Falls. N. Y Cyrii. Ainsworth, American Standards Association, New York, N Y. J. 1. TUnasii, Consulting Engineer, Chicago, 111 E. W. Beck, United States Rubber Co., New York, N Y. K. A Bf.yf.r. Central Tube Co., Amhridgc. i'a (Western Pennsylvania Safety Council Chapter) *C. B Boui.et, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. K. W. Hin t aro, K 1> Bullard Co , Sam Eraneiseo, Calif. (San Eranrisro Chapter) Cmari.es D I'ari in. Consolidated Edison Co of N Y, New York, N Y. (Melropol nan Chapter) Hoy M Goiiwin, Philadelphia Electric Co, Philadelphia. Pa (Philadelphia Chapter) *R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Everett F. Kino, Fever Brothers Co, Cambridge, Mass (Boston Chapter) Robert C. Ledbetter, Texas Employers Insurance Association, ITallas, Texas. (.South west Chapter) Thomas, R. Lichtfoot, The Koppers Coal Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa *M. G Et.ovn, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, I). C. j. E. Long, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, N. Y. H. L. Minfr, E. I dii Pont rle Nemours A Co.. Wilmington, Del. J. T. O'Bkifn, Jersey Central Power ft Eight Co . Aslmry Park, N J (New Jersey Chapter) W. S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford, Conn. A. S. Recui.a, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc . New York. N. Y. A. V. Roiiwfofr, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co., Duluth, Minn. D. L. Royer. Ocean Accident ft Guarantee Corp, New York, N. Y. G E Sanford, General F.leclric Co, Schenectady, N. Y. J. S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co, Wilmington, Del *C. W. Smith, Standard Oil Co find ), Chicago, ||| *H. S. Smith. Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp , New York. N Y. *R. F. Thsi nfr, Bnicl; Motor Co . Flint. Mich S. E. Whiting. l.dierty Mutual Insurance Co., Bosion. Mass Philip Wimisms, E E dn Pont do Nemours ft Co., Buffalo, N. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chapter) Wh.i.iam P. Yant, Mint Safely Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa *P*i! CH*irfnn Officers 1939-1940 Kami Chairman--F. W Braun, F'mployers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. firf-aairman--H .1 Griffith. Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa, 239 J40 jStfi i\ tihi'Hiil Sitft'fv ( (iUtjft'Si It, r ( lunrtmitt Wn i . Mmm.jimv Hvln Flertnr F\mfr CommiVMon, Toronlu. Ont.. < ana<U Snretnry \V |)mn National SafH> ( uum il, Inc , ( hfCago, HI Mfmhfn eif lariff Lumi.k I Intrrnational Raj'tr ( u , Liens FalB. N. Y. (Arm Ain^wriii, American StamfanK Association, New York, N Y *f I IUnash. ( onsultmg KiiKinecr, i Imago, in. *K W Hr k, l 'nitrd States Rubber Co, New York, N. Y. H R IVixt fr, [ 'moil ( arbulf ( o , New York, N Y. *( H Flnui ft, Wisconsin Public Service Corp , Milwaukee, Wis K W Bui r akij, K D. Bullard Co, San Francisco, Calif. (San Franciscn Chapter ) I'Him.i M Hi kns, Kansas ( it> Safely Council, Kansas City, Mo (Kansas City Chap ter > I msK ( Cunkov. Union Cartnde Co, Niagara Falls N Y (Niagara Frontier Chap in > I no** R I )i > w.mii i, Pittsburgh Plate (llass (<, ( reigliton, Pa (Western Pennsyl Varna Safety <'mini, i? Chapter ) *R K Donovan. Standard Oil Co of California, San Francisco. Calif f A Hownm, Jk, Sloss Sbefliebf Sieel & Iron Co, Hirmingham, Ala. (Alabama Chapter ) i iisKirs |) I ahiin, ('onsolufateil KdCon Co. of N. Y, New York, N. Y. (Metropoli tan Chapter ) H F` Cn buit, American ( sanatnid Co , I.inden, N J {New Jersey Chapter ) Rov M CtoPWiNf, F>lnladelphia Kieotric Co, Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter ) C I. Hk.htowfr, United Cas. Pipe l.me Co, Houston. Texas ((stilf Coast Chapter.) R McA Kfhwn, Industrial { oimnission of Wisconsin, Madison. Wis. F.vTxrrr F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mass (Boston Chapter.) Thomas F Liohtfoot. The Hoppers Coal Co, Pittsburgh, Pa *M O National Bureau of Standards, Washington. D. (\ I F. I .onc. The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, N. Y W S Pmni , Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hanford, Conn. * A S Rh.ui a. Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc , New York, N Y A V KmiwHHK, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co , Duihilh. Minn. D 1 Royfr. Ocean Accident & f iuarantee Corp., New York, N. Y F. Sanhimo, General Flectric Co , Schenectady, N. Y. I S Shaw, Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington, Del. *( W Smith, Standard Oil Co (Ind ), Chicago, 111 *H S Smith. I Jnion ( ar lnde ( n . New York, N Y *R 1' Thaimfr. Btiick Motor Co, Flint, Mich C W Van Wai/inmi. Tra<h*r> & fieneral InMirancc Co, Dallas. Texas (Southwest Chapter.) *S F Whitino, Liberty Mutual Inonam e < o . Boston. Mass Wiiiiam I'. Yant, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pittsburgh, Pa "?*! (Tentral Oiairmati WEDNESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 18, 1939 The Annual Meeting nf the A S S K Engineering Section nf the National Safety Council followed a luncheon hrid in the Renaissance Room of the Ambassa dor Holel. fieneral Chairman K. E. Dono van. Chief Safety Engineer, Standard Oil Company of California, San Francisco. Calif , presided Mimeographed copies of si.S.S.h /-.nijinferin<; S',`lion 2 all committee reports were distributed to the assembled delegates. The report of the Nominating Commit tee was presented by C. B. Boulet, Chair man. Other members of the Nominating Committee were D. L. Royer, A S. Re fills, S. E. Whiting, and C. W. Smith A list of names of the men elected to various positions, as recommended by the No inating Committee, may be found in t section of the Congress Transactions. After the regular business of the me ing was concluded, fieneral Chairman E. Donovan introduced the speaker for I occasion, Mr C A McCone whose addr follows Detection of Flaws in Steel and Steel Parts By C. A. McCUME Secretary. Msgnsflun Corporation, New York City From the standpoint of safety our chief concern is proving that important parts are free from physical defects or flaws of the type that might cause failure. fn any discussion of flaws or their detec tion, consideration must be given to the conditions surrounding the part under tests; i.e., whether it is a newly made part or one in service. fn new parts defects may exist in the metal itself in the form of laps, seams, laminations or slag. On the other hand metal free from such imperfections can read ily be ruined by improper forging, machin ing, grinding, heat treating and other pos sible manufacturing operations. These defects may readily be discovered in the mill or plant and it is, therefore, easy to prevent such parts from getting into service. Used parts present a different aspect; the type of defect usually suspected is a sepa ration of the surface, or one extending from the surface well down in the body of the metal, commonly termed a crack. This crack may be of such an incipient nature as to defy detection by eye or by means of a high powered glass or by any cf the ordinary methods of inspection. This is a most dangerous type of defect because if such a part is permitted to remain in itrvice, failure is likely to result. Cracks in used parts are usually attributed to faulty design or poor workmanship. They are more likely the result of excessive and unanticipated stresses. It is a known fact that any separation of tie metallic body is considered a stress raiser and, regardless of depth, it takes little from the point of excess stress or in com bination with a vibratory stress to courage these to assume relatively lat proportions Where overstress is not a factor, fatif cracks developed iri service may be the suit of sharp fillets, grooves from mach ing operations or accidental notches due improper handling. One noted authority concluded that th> was nothing remarkable as to why <:ra> formed at such locations, the mystery v what delayed them The useful fatigue strength of otherw sound metal is limited to these varir forms of conditions which produce so-cal stress raisers. Despite the great advance in engineer design and metallurgical developments steel and improved production methods directed toward the construction of w! might he termed failure proof equipme there are so many unpredictable factors t! periodic inspection of stressed parts in se ice is essential All parts found to contain shallow cra< need not he strapped, as in a great major rtf cases, particularly on heavy sections, t Track can be remover! by dressing down f surface of the metal to a point below whr the crack extends, their retesting to insr that the crack has been removed. Repa ran also lie marie hy welding and the f ished weld lie just as easily inspected. We found to contain cracks ran he chipped o rewelded and retested The starting of a crack is the origin a very sharp notch It is the sharpness this notrh and not the reduction of area the metallic body which causes progress failure Therefore, to insure safety tl Automotive and Machine Shop Section Officers 1938-1939 io'iieral C hairman--W. A. Bfchm.i, Chrysler Corp, DeSoto Div, Detroit, Mich I'ice-L hairman--J C Howfr, Westmghouse Electric Ht Manufacturing Co, East l'itts burgh, l'a Viee-Chairmatt- 1. (i Sfaton, (ieneral Motors Corp. Detroit, Mich iVrrefnrv--1. 11 Loomis, Term-tedt Manufacturing Div, (ieneral Motors Corp, Detroit, Midi. Veter Letter )\ditor--V\ . H. Makshaii. Yellow 'I rurk At Coat h Co, Pontiac. Mich. F.miinrerinn (ommitlee C hairman-- *K. A. Shaw. Murray Corp of America, Detroit, Mich. Ilntllh Committer i hairman- Dr. A 1. Brooks, lislier Body Detroit Div , (ieneral Motors Corp., Detroit, M ich. Membership Committee ( hairman- -\M H Fkatfm. Cadillac Motor Car Co , Detroit, Midi Poster Committee Chairman--1,. ( KmiiBrs, Nash Kelvmator Corp., Detroit. Midi. Program Committer C hairman--V I. Irottfr, Plymouth Div, Chrysler Corp, Detroit, Mich. Puhlieity C ommittee C lunrnion--H. A. Zai iiaiu, Henry Vogt Machine Co,, Louisville, Ky. Statisties Committee ( hnirmon -( \\ Bishop, 1.scorning Manufacturing Co, Williams port. Pa Members at Large-- 1.. E. A vFRtt.t, Chicago Eye Shield C o.. Detroit, Midi *M A. Ci.ark, H. S. Kuhlier Products, Inc., Detroit, Midi. Hovt I.. KnACHF.it, Detroit Steel Products Co., Detroit, Mich *( A. Kufchfnmfister, Dominion Forge fit Stamping Co , Walkcrville, Ont, Canada. M. J McCarthy, Fisher Body Detroit Div , (ieneral Motors Corp , Detroit, Mich. *H L. Sain, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio Cahi. L. Storck, Delco Products Div., (ieneral Motors Corp. Dayton, Ohio K F. Thai nfr, lluick Motor Co , Flint, Mich C T. WtNFOAR, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Midi. *Pu%t i Officers 1939-1940 introl ('hairiinin-- J. C. Hownt, Westinglumse Electric & Manufacturing Co . East Pittstatgh. Pa fkt-Chairmaa --f.. C, Sfaton, (ieneral Motors Corp.. Detroit, Mich itaiiary--V. 1. Triiitfr, Plymouth Div., Chrysler Corp , Detroit, Mich. Imt Letter Committee--E. K. Coiiprn (( hnirmon), Chrysler Corp., Detroit. Midi W, T. BttcKFRinr.F.. Nash-Kelvinator Corp,, Detroit. Midi. V/. H. Marshau, Yellow Truck & Coarh Co., Pontiac, Mich. feniurriu</ Commtttee--Davih Moiii.h (Chairman), (.eueral Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. R R. HogFJ.i, Whitehead fit Kales, Ecorse, Mich *R. A. Shaw, Murray Corp of America, Detroit, Midi tUlh Committer--Dr. A. I.. Brooks (Chairman). Fisher Body Detroit Div. (ieneral Motors Corp, Detroit. Mich. 111. John W Hiirfrt, The Sttidchaker Corp, South Bend, hid. tk.S F. Mffk, Chrysler Corp , Detroit, Midi 245 2-Uy JSth .Xtiiionitl Sitfifx ( nntfrsss A utomot i*v in mi A f tt< hint' .Shttft Am turn 247 Mt-mh<rtkip ( .smmiUft'--1.. H Loom*'' (i luur t>>n), Tcnn-udt Manufacturing !>tv. < i * f ral \ftfm- < ui {, Met rmt, Mu h /'><frr ( itmmitifc-A. (". K<Mif*r^ (Chairman), NaUi Kvlvinalor Corp, Detroit, Mh Ii I iiw \o Manuhy, T rnvin Nk-D < o , YMJfiK>town, < )luo. M Si i \k. A { Spark IMug Div , Grncra! Motors Corp, Flint, Miclh f*ro<jram ( i/mmitlv ( . K Whoi IHIR (( hair nntn). llimk Motor 1 Hi v , Orncral Motor- Corp . f-lmt. Midi V . \V \ vcormng Mamifactmmg Co . William-port, Fa. f H ( OHNFff, ( IfrysJrr (or p , Df!r/>it, Midi Cttblutiy Commtltfc -- H A. Zaoiaki (Chairman), Henry Vogt Machine On, I.nui*vil|r, k\ I. U Honmr, I'.lk Tanning do , Knfgway. fa KmuRT H Hkwooj*, Bu<!<i Wheel Co, Detroit, Mich w<f taut Committee- ( )mar Lehman (Chairman). CUry-ler Corp., Jefferson Plant, fhrtroit. Mu h ht'iuf.r Star? \ uc,t Ifarrdon Radiator Corp, 1 ock|Nrt, N. Y. Memf'i r x ,tt l.itr</e *1. K Avfriii,, C hicago Eye Shield do , Detroit, Mich. \V A. Bin mit., Chrysler Corp,, De Soto Div , Detroit, Mich. *M A. O.ark, U S Rubber Co, Detroit,, Mich. Hoyt 1.. Frachfr, Detroit Steel Products Detroit, Mich. *G A Kufchfnmfjstfr, Dominion Forge & Stamping Co., WalkerviHe, Ont,, Canada M. J. McCarthy, Fisher Body Detroit Div., General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich H. I, Sain, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. Cari. L Storck, Delco Products Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio R. F Thainfr, Buick Motor Div . General Motors Corp. Flint, Mich *C T Winftar. Chrysler Corp. Detroit. Mich *Pi (ienrral Chairman TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17. 193!) 1 hr first session of the Automotive and Mad line Shop Section was called to order bv Vice-Chairman John C Bower, Westinglumse Klectric and Manufacturing Coinpauv. Fast Pittshurgh, Pa. who presided After proceeding with the formal eloctio* of officers for the current year, a list 1 these being given above, the Chairman in troduced the first speaker on the scheduled program General Machine Shop Hazards and Their Correction By HARRY L. SAIN Special Representative, Division of Safety and Hygiene. Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio Suppose 1 weir to tell vnit that a fearful catastrophe has befallen Asbury Park, that beautiful little city mi the coast of New b*rsc\ Suppose f were to tell you that of the t 1.891 inhabitants of this community. mb XK7 came through the calamity tm s* ohril Suppose 1 were to tell vnti that otic of the unbridled forces of nature kmi caused death to 11 people, permanem disabled 50 others, put 1,168 in the hospt tals and slightly injured 8,390 of the ft1 teaming inhabitants. It is needless to say you would be i0Mt* rstrd Yet at the risk of being denssl heartless and unsympathetic. 1 ask you-- Why should we lie disturbed by the causes nr tire aftermath of a catastrophe with only 9,619 casualties, including a little tinny like II lives sacrificed and 50 people maimed for life? Are we really concerned about such things ? Il certainly should not deeply interest the machine simp owners and employees in Ohio, because the figures l have been quoting represent the toll levied against machine shop employees of the State of Ohio ini 1938, and if anybody ha* been distressed about it no one has brought it very vividly to my Mention. As a matter of fact, none of us has given more than a passing thought to this casually fist that has grown up in your own ranks within the space of one year. The point is just this. We are all too irone to be impressed by the circummnets surrounding death and injury, rather than by the fact of death and injury tnd the tremendous influence these accidents aert upon productive capacity, economic fandards and the lives and happiness of xir industrial workers. (g) I'hysiral or mental delect (h) l ack of knowledge or skill fi) Wrong attitude. fi) Selection, direction and proper training of the workers. It may seem silly for me to enumerate these causes; you know them well. You have heard them year after year and have said, "fill well, it's the same old story." So yon go hack home ami do nothing about it. You know the trouble is not with the problem, it is with yon and me. If you ask a four year old hoy, "Wliat is the sum of 2 and 2?" and he tells you he does not know, the trouble is not with the problem, it is with the hoy He has not acquired sufficient knowledge I have given you the six main causes of accidents in the machine shops of Ohio. However, the second part of the subject assigned to me, "Their Correction" is appar ently where we all fail. To sum this cor rection problem up in a few words, I might say, as Huxley once said: "Knowledge is not the main objective in life; it is action we need." Causes A Psychological Problem Our statistical records show that machine bop accidents, in the majority, year after gar have the same six causes. Accidents re litre fashions; some fashions go on year tfter year. What arc the causes of machine iopaccidents in Ohio? While accident prevention effort is de signed primarily to protect the physical welfare of the worker and cannot he too heavily emphasized in our safety worlk, there is, however, an important economic angle that should not be overlooked t Machinery .......................... 4,483 accidents One of the problems confronting safety I Handling Objects ........... 1,183 accidents agencies is just how to plane their finger 1 Hand Tools .......................... 894accidents upon definite proof that lives and money t Flying Particles................... 820accidents have been saved by their activities l Stepping upon or Strikmg against Objects.... 741 accidents 4 Fills of Persons................. 449accidents fatal number of days lost. 117,407 far cent of days lost by the n major causes................. 89.1 We who are constantly engaged in the work of gathering and analyzing accident statistics know that there is a. certain fluc tuation in accident trends. In some measure this is unaccountable, but if the records are given close scrutiny 1 believe you will find These causes are closely related to other that epidemics of accidents can be easily 6rf causes, namely. Faulty F.nvironment traced to two sonrers; lark of safety i Faulty Human Behavior. These two methods, anil a laxity in safe practices. ks can be further subdivided into me4niral and personal causes such as- Improper guarding. Too often, both industrial groups and in dividual concerns that take up accident pre vention work are too easily disheartened || Defective substances and equipment. hy seeming futility of their efforts. They Hazardous arrangement of machinery, tools and equipment. Improper and poor illumination seem to rx|K*rt that an adverse accident ex perience accumulated over a period of years can he wiped out by a few months of effort Improper clothing or apparel. Improper healing and ventilation when, as a matter of fart, il is a long, uphill i liuilv To meet Ibis long climb, it 256 2Hth National Safety < niti/ms line The gasoline had spilled over the spot brought home to him by his company's safety welder and burned htm fatally activities thii he didn't stop with advance There are two installers of lark of fore planning on his own work but even carried thought m thu accident the first being that it to an outsider. the wrimnnem of horseplay had not been In conclusion--the main tool needed in ad trnperly brought fmine to the workmen; and vanced planning is our imagination. On our seeondfv, lack of forethought by the person regular production line work where the who had placed some gasoline in this fire operations are of a repetitive nature, get off pail anil then left it around loose. in a corner somewhere for a half hour or Recently a large plant had occasion to have a wall painted and hired an outside concern to do the |oh ft was only a one" man joh and after be had set up a hanging sciffold anil was about to start work, a fore man of this plant who had waltched him purely out of personal curiosity, asked him whether he had a safety lieft to use while on an hour each week and watch, study, and analyze the actions and the way particular operations are performed by your employees. You may be astounded at Ihe number of improvements which can simplify the pro duction operations and tend to eliminate acci dents which, after all. are merely out growths of inefficiency. the scaffold The man replied "No." The This advanced planning is the thinking foreman then offered to let him use one through of the job details before the job is which they had in the plant if the man carer! started, making sure that the probable acci m The repair man said he would like to dent hazards or incorrect ways of doing the use it and tie did Within five minutes front joh are recognized and corrected accord the time he got up on the scaffold, something ingly. happened to came the scaffold to fail and down it i ante The man. however, was saved from a iS foot fall by Ihe safety belt. The correction phase of advance planning is best accomplished by personal contact be tween worker and boss. Make your plans of Certainly here was advanced planning. educating and training more on the individ Here wa a foreman who had heen trained ual and informal basis of man-to man dis to do a thinking joh on each joh. In fact cussions about the right way of doing the 'This I oh of Safety" had been so well specific job. ADJOURNMENT Cement and Quarry Section Officers 1938-1939 General Chair aunt--Eton B Muni, Dcvu) Pnrlland ( rinrnl (>, I >avenpfr I, lima Vue-Chatrmnn I*. N Hi'MINHI, Missouri Portland Cnmut Co, St l.i.im. Mo ytft-Chairman I h Atishm, I .one Star Crinrut Corp. New York, N V Secretary--A. J 1C l 'owns, Portland Crimutl Assn., Chicago, III Nftvir Letter lidttitr--l a<k I H.mi'kif.r, Canada < Vmciit Co. ltd, Montreal, P Q, Canada Jingineering Coin w*i//v i. tnurman-- Wm Pone Star (Vmrttl Corp., Dallas Trxas. Highway (Otntniiler ( Vnnrmuu -- M A Km>man# Sooth\\ esfern Portland ( enuiif Co., l.o> Angclr*. Calif. Afemhershif* (onnmUee f/unrnnni --*11 A RfNiNMM. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Allen town, Pa. Vaster Committee C hairtnan--II I- Yottfr, 'Hip General ( rushed Stone* Co, KaMon, Pa Program Committee ( hairmaa- W M Puwm, Medusa Portland Omen! Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Publicity Committee Chairman--M. I". (kkfr, Manjuettc Cement Manufacturing Co, Cape Girardeau,, Mn. Statistics Committee Chairman--W. W Adams U S Bureau of Mines, Washington, 0- C Members at Large-- V. P. Ahkarn, National Sami & Gravel Assn., Washington, |) ( *Wm. H. Baker, J. fc. Baker Co., York, Pa E. IP Barry, Universal Atlas Cement Co.. Chicago, III J. R. Boyd, National Crushed Stone Assn., Inc., Washington, DC R. B. Eortuin, Pennsylvania ! >ixic Cement Corp., Nazareth, Pa Alexander Poster, Jr., Warner Co , Phi!adc!|diia, Pa *0, M Graves, The General Crushed Stone Co . Easton, Pa E Posski.t, Pone Star C ement Corp, New York, N Y S. W. Stauffer, National Lime Assn. Washington, D C *F. E. Town, Medusa Portland Cement Co., Manitowoc, Wis A L. Worthkm, The New Haven Trap Rock Co, New Haven, Cotin J B, Zook, Great Lakes Portland Cement Corp,, Buffalo, N Y Pan General Ownirman Officers 1939-1940 Cneral Chairman--I'. N. llusilNUi., Missouri Portland Cement C o, Si l oins. Mo ittChairmaii--li A I Ihtuak, Universal Atlas Cemenl Co, Hudson, N Y ffct-Chairman--'O M. (Ikavks, The General Crusheil Stour Co Kaslon, l'a, Smttary-- A. J. K. CuRTts, I'orllaml Cement Assn , (Imago, III Inw Letter hHitor--Jack I IIMI'MIH Canada Cement Co , I.ld Montreal, I'. (J Canada h/muring Committer Chairman--). II. Zook, Great l akes Cortland Omen! Corn llnf- hb, N. Y. tmbtrshifi Committer Chairmaii --*Hznrv A Kfninukr. Loliigli Cortland Cement Co. ABtntown, I'a. tNpm Committee Chairman -If I' Yii-mm. The General Crushed Stone Co., Castors, K Mtrily Committee Chairman- Havio Aimm, l.awrcnre Corllaml Cement Co, Nortli- Ngplon, I'a ht/liej Committee Chairman W U\ Aim ms, P S Bureau of Mines, Washington 1) C. 257 J5K _'SiU Nnliou.il S.1 frly ( M/ml'rr i at I ar 1 m Avnmi^ | . mi ar ( mu'ill t i p . New N >r U. N A *VV M Hakhi, I ! Maker < o, York, l'a ( l Hskks, l mwf'al Allas ( rmrnl ( Nrw \oik. N V ( k Hi i v iNational ( r nv lud Stone A'-mi , I n , Washing t hi, H ' * K H l- uk u 11 n , I 'mii^ s U atn,i I i x ic ( mint t { or p , N a/ari l I>. J 'a *Ai ixanmhi |;ns|iK |h, Warner l ", I 'In lade Iphia, I'a * l' H Hun T, I rui y 1 '"i Hauil ( mu nt I ", Davenport, low a S \V Stahihh, National l ime A'-mi , Washington, M ( M\ 1- Town, Mnltn.i l\ntlanl Cement t o, Manitowoc, VVis *A I. Wort in n, The New I laven Trap Hock Co , New Haven, i own * r*r ttrurral ( liimnin TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 1 lie opening session of the Cement and Quarry Section was called to order by I\ N. Munlmell, Missuim Cortland ( cnwnt Com pany, St loins, Mo, and Vice-Cbairtnan of the Srriion, who piesided Mr HtishneU made a brief report upon activities of the Section during the year, and then proceeded with tlie clectum of nlhcers, a list of whom is given al*ve. The t hairman then intro duced the first speaker Analysis of Cement and Quarry Accident Experience By I. F. LEGORE Safety Engineer, Portland Cement Association, Chicago With operations continuing altout 18 per 1 here seems to he no question that 1939 cent above last year, the average of acci wd) l>e the safest year in cement industry dents reported for 8 months had advanced history Arid there is reason to Indieve that to 14, exactly the same as the average for the new low ar ulcnt frequency rate will the first 8 mouths last year. This was for keep Cement in the position it has held for 130 plants, however, compared with 119 the past two years as the second safest among 30 industries reporting to the Na plants previously Greater null activity appears not to have tional Safety Council been responsible for the rising tide during 1 he cement industry "put on llie pres- the past two months, for August activity sure" during the first half with gratifying was only 3 5 per cent above production for results, and saw the accident trend con the Campaign month of June, according to tinue the downward course which has been data from the lh S. Bureau of Mines. And uninterrupted since late in 1936 The acci yet there were 80 per cent more accidents dent frequency rate, or score, for the first half of 1939 was 4 00 per million man hours; the severity rate was at the unprecedented in August and September than there were in June. low level of I 42 This frequency rate was "Preaaurc** Wii Applied 13 per cent lower than the rate of 4 61 for the year 1938; the severity rate was 42 per cent lower than last year's rate of 244. At the end of the third quarter the in dustry had slipped a hit A new high for the year of 18 accidents was reported dur Most of you are familiar with the annual June No-Accident Campaign sponsored by the Portland Cement Association, which has contributed so much to our industry's safety progress The 1939 Campaign covered the 3-mnnth period. April, May and June, and ing August, and 19 injuries were reported in was in a (atge measure responsible for Scptrml>er ( I'lnrnf mil/ fluiMiv V,'i/ion ~aUl> prtv;n inaiti ihr lir.t Italf. A model avtivitic. si lutlule for (lie ram pa'KO was prepared l>\ llie Association's Accident I'rcvcnlion Hnrean. and was in tcntionally made so full that no one plant could well follow it to the lettei The plan was sucli dial almost am sin program einild lie selected to meet individual needs A valualile feature was a scries of safelv check lists used h> meinhi i s as \ardsticks against which tn measure sati-guarihng and safe practices standards F.inphasis was plaretl on the 4 danger spots which have lieen found to contribute so much to (lie severity of injuries. Severity You will recall that at last year's safety cotiRress the results of an intensive study of injury severity were outlined. Declared to be the most arresting fart and the big gest safety problem facing tbe cement in dustry was the disproportionately High severity of injuries compared with the ex perience of comparable heavy industries Over more than a t|uarter-rriitury of or ganized safety work the minilier of acci dents |ier million man hours was reduced 95 per cent, lint reduction in severitv of injuries lias not kepi parr The study showed that for years over 90 per cent of our industry's severity rate has been produced by the time charges for the three classes of injuries termed severe, namely, fatalities, permanent total and |>ermanent partial disabilities. Analysis of severe injuries reported during the past five years indicated that four top danger spots in cement plants have contributed almost three-quarters of all fatalities and permanently crippling injuries. Last year the unusually large proportion of 90 per rent of such injuries were shown to he at tributable to the four danger s]>ots. These producers of excessive injury se verity arc: moving machinery, high places (falling men and ohjerts), electricity, and railroad. Last year moving machinery was responsible for almost half of all deaths aid permanent injuries High places acci dents contributed almost one-fourth of them, electricity one-tenth and railroad more than 7 per cent. The Committee on Accident Prevention aid Insurance accepted the conclusion that earli of the four danger spots represents , .................... MIUMI'III wliith i "iihl rr;snnah)\ In- expected In leaclud h\ engineering measure* It tlmii/rJ 4 * miinite-i! research into the cau rtf rxresMvc ui|iir\ seventy ami sngge* that >a 1 r^iurbng measures ami safe pt tiers 1m- stepped up. with particular ph.iMs mu the ("in chief causes Ihis w done in the senes f 2J gional saft\ meetings held in strategic* located cities all over the United States i attended by all hut a handful of plant < ecutivrs It was done by means of t series of safety cheek lists prepared dun the June tampaign Additions and st gestions vsere included in the pages of I Monthly Accident Round Table and 1 monthly C lip Sheet of Safety Items of 1 tcrest for use as discussion topics in pi; safety meetings and in plant safety nev pajiers Successive issues of Accident Pi vention Magazine carried the story, scries >{ posters starring the cement i du*tr\\ safety mascot, "Andy Seezit," fi thcr emphasized them at Campaign time Results Gratifying What has been the irsidl? It is tnu too eaily to evaluate properly the effect this piogram to reduce injury severity oth than to sa\ that apparently we are on t right track An estimated 42 per cent t duction in six mouths is no mean accot plishmenl ; for severity largely determin the cost of accidents In the first 8 months of 1938, 15 cemei men were killed nr permanently injured contact with moving machinery, only o less than were seriously hurt by machin in tbe entire 12 months of 1937. In t first 8 months of 1939, however, only cementmen were killed or permanent crippled by moving machinery Five mair mg machinery injuries have been avert* although accidents from 11 more ceme plants are represented in the data, and nu activity is 18 per cent above last year. In the 8-tuouth period ended in Augus six men have !>een injured seriously in fal ing from one level to another or bein struck by something falling upon thfi from an upper level. This is one less sue an injury than last year. Two have bee killed in high places accidents whereas th lives of three were lost in the same perio previously. In the first eight months of last year tw Chemical Section Officers 1938-1939 Crnerol ( limrimm -Umi-ii I. Km.ms. )n, Tennessee Kastman Corp, Kingsport, Tenn Pice C hairman im ihari/e of /'Mc/rnin IUi i'll () Kimm, Aluminum Co of Airier Pittsburgh, l'a Secretary--I'. W. Dfnnis, Hooker Kfrctroehcmiral Co, Niagara Kalis, N. Y. News Letter iiditor--X S. Mackif, Ceiieral Klrctrir Co, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio. Data Sheet Committee Chairman--S Warzai a, The Calco Chemical Co , Inc , Hoi Brook, N. J. F.ngineering Committee Chairman--I). S. McEachirn, American Cyanamid Co, N York, N. Y. Health Committee Chairman--*Dr Leonard Crffniuikc., New York Slate Dept, of Lai New York, N. Y. Membership Committee Chairman--C F.. Sfvrfns, Monsanto Chemical Co, Merrir Div., Everett, Mas*. /'oiler CoiMmiflce (Tuiirinon--H X Hixi.er, I'nion Carbide Co, New York, N. Y. Pub/trtly Committee Chairman--S. D Kirkpatrick, Chemical & Metallurgical Engine ing, New York, N. Y. Safety Instruction Card Committee Chairman--E. F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co , Cs bridge. Mass. Statistics fir Contest Committee Chairman--K C Stratton, The Travelers Insurance ( Hartford, Conn. Members at Large--- A. L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. 0. C. Cai.lf.noar, Hiram Walker & Sons, Inc., Peoria, 111 John O.f.mfnts, Michigan Alkali Co, Wyandotte, Mich S. W. (iuRNFY, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass W L. Hammfrsi.fy, Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia. Pa H P. Hfubner, The Fltntkote Co., New York, N. Y F. W. Jurick. The Westvaco Chlorine Products C.orp., Carteret, N. J *H. L. Miner, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co . Wilmington. Del John Roach, Deputy Commissioner of Labor, Jersey City, N.J K. E Hoof, Willard Storage Battery Co., Cleveland, Ohio J S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del A L. Watson, Koppers United Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pi.umfr Whffi.fr, American Cyanamid Co., Linden, N J *S. F.. Whiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co , Boston, Mass Clarence Wici.f, Niagara Alkali Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y *PaM (Jeneral Chairman Officers 1939-1940 General Chairman--Ralph O. Kf.fff.r, Aluminum Co of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. Sice-Chairman in Charge of Program--Stani ev Warzai a, The Calco Chemical Co., It Bound Brook, N. J. Secretary--!'. W. Dfnnis, Hooker Filectrochemieal Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Sens Letter Committee--S W C.uknf.y fC/iiiinmniJ. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., B< ton, Mass. 273 271 .'Sill Niilunuil Snfrl v C<>>"/'<" * A ! N w M''! s| m.ijj K nljk ( i, Hn 1 ii ''In, N Y k SMaiki^ < >t Dtt jl 1*. Jri ! r > 1 n , N r la I *ar U, ( Ic vi -lain I, < Mm k \ I iiihn, F ! < 11> J'nnt Mr NfriKiiif' & (<>, lnr. Wilniinp l< n, OH / .;>/. rtn,) { .mjmif/.v O S MaKmihmn (( luitrtniin). Anicrn an ( \anamn) tp, N< u YoIrk.WN J Yi #! k . I In \\ t *>t v At < i l Mt( mr 1 ' r< <hn Is ( nr )* , ( at U rt t, N I *S F Whitini., 1 ilrrty Mutual InMirancr ( u, Itostnn, Ma*". >Kthi S/i t-ri { ommtttcc I'i umih Whmuk (( hntrtmin), Atm-nran (. \ atmuihI In, l.nidru, NSJ M M m ( ini iimin, 1 hr Oow ( hmm al ( n , M i<!lan<l, M u h lirallh ( otnm\ttff Oh I.koNamm t *ri->nhum<. (( JwnrrmmJ, Nev* York State I )rjarlment of Kabor, New York, N Y *J S Shaw, Hercules Powder C o , Wilmington, Pel Membrrship l ommillcr C K S v h f n ^ Monsanto Chemical (n, Mcrrimac l>iv . Kverrlt, Ma>t \\ I. IIammimm n, F.lcct ric Storage Halltty l o , VhilaMelphia, Pa I'vster tommtUcr- H K (Chatnmiti), Union Carbide Co., New York, N V John ( i iminis, Michigan Alkali C o , Wyamlotle, Mich , Rai mi \. Roc.vrx, Jr, Tennr<-vfv F.astman C ori., KmK>jor1, Ifim I'ubluity C ommttfrr S P Kirkiajmhk (( /nnVimiiij, C'hemical Si Metallurgical F.ngincer n*K. New York. N Y *A I. VVaison, Rompers Co, Pittsburgh, Pa ( Uhinii VVn.i , Nlagara Alkali ( o , N iagara Falls, N Y \ajfty It\Mru< t\on ( nrrl C onimtffrr - F. F KtNi. (Chttirmon}. Fever Itrother* <n, (am finder. Mass John Ro.m m, I Jrputy Commissioner of 1.alor, Jersey C ity. N. J K K ICnir W.Marti Storage Mattery Co., Cleveland. Ohio S/ti/M/it * nm/ Cnn/i-t/ {Ommtttfc -- K C Stratton (( fuurnmn), The Travelers, Insurance C o , Hartford, Conn *M I. Minkr, F. I tin Pont de Nemours Si ( o , lnr , Wilmington, I )rl (.rnrral ("hairnian TUESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 17, 1939 The >f>eiHng session of the Chemical Sec tion wa^ a luncheon feature, presided over hv (woeral Chairman Ralph I. Rowers, Jr. Safrtv Port tor of the Tennessee F.aslman C'orporation, K mgsport, Tcnn Chairman Rogers hrieHv introduced the speaker of tlie oceasion. a celebrated hunter of Afri t an game. Safety to Life in Africa By M NORMAN POWELL Kenya Colony. British East Africa (r.dtlonal Sole Mr I'owell was horn in Africa, from early boyhood has lived in the heart of the big game country The natives were his playmates and his friends He has learned their folklore, customs, and liehefs He was initiated as a warrior into the Suk Tnlic am| has made many exteii- sive trips into the more primitive parts of Africa. He will tell of the protective meth ods and safeguards adopted not only by the white people, hut also by the native* and animals to safeguard life and prevent injury to themselves and others The fol lowing is a summary of Ins talk ) ( licmit ill Sn linn 'l lii- prcvrulion of {Hrson.il injuries is the product of cniisti uclivr thinking, purpose (id planning, ami effective execution This is true whether or not lire- problem is one of providing adei|itate mechanical safeguards, nr personal protective ripiipineot (or work ers, preparing efficient operating procedure*, educating and supervising employees to sec that they know Imw, anil do work safely l*ast, but not least, profiting by, and apply ing the lessons learned from sad and costly experience. Constructive thinking then, may be based upon experience, knowledge of hazards, and, may I include, for untrained natives, intui tion. In the true sense of the word, I could not Ire called a safety expert. But. in my type of life which, since 1 was a small rhitd, lias Ircen endangered by many unusual hazards, I have learned the value of "con structive thinking." Risk cannot lie taken in an African wilderness where even a minor accident may result in drastic conse quences, owing to the difficulty in contacting help. It was in 1800 that my ancestors first landed on the shores of the African conti nent. For month ujion month they had battled unknown anil storm ridden seas. Therefore, in spite of the desolation which this rocky coast presented, to them it was the Cape of Good Hope. They came as soldiers of His Majesty's Army, fighting through the Matebele, Zulu, and Boer wars Because of their pioneering spirit, they stayed on when the conflicts were over. A grim determination carried them further into the hinterland. Not only because of humanity, hut because of the hopeless as pects that would shadow their ideals, they could not afford to lose one man. The odds were great, making them constructive think ers. After the World War, my family moved to British East Africa, where I grew up to know and think with and like the African people. My whole life, especially on hunting trips, has depended on effective execution. Fail onct with a buffalo or elephant, and you Rldom get the chance to learn from ex , Kfince. Safety devices and methods practiced by the African trilws are almost entirely those learned from *ad and costly experience, i-xicpt fur mtiiitiiiM Now. of foiir'C. sal amongst them whin working for ns res from constructive dunking and plann i-ffci tivi-lv executed h\ them under gmdani e and |-ninpidsion Thn did no| hndd nnpriitl rablr th fences around then homes until lion . leopard had pini-d ii|miii their families . flocks They did nnl dig buffalo pits 11 the buffalo had ravaged their crops, i fire guards around their homes until great bush fires swept them away. Tl learned to wear leggings of hanana lea and hark against the deadly strike snakes; to carry thin, flat stones on th heads, upon which angered tree sna struck in vain So they went oil learn until today they have effective methods safety The natives experience difficulty w modern machinery, and constantly requ direction and supervision They must lei through experience unless we use foresii and come forward to help them This not difficult to understand, as even we called civilized i>coplc must, m the major of rases, learn (Ins wav, owing to our ability to listen to our advisors These African |H-o{ile have passed wa ings down to those who come after the so that they may benefit hy others' ea experience. These arc given in the fo of proverbs, in many cases closely connec with ours:-- "You will not lie beaten when you thi lie (ore acting" (Look lie! ore you leap) "You can break a stick, hut not a hundl (In unity there is strength ) (Following this, Mr. Powell related s< eral thrilling experiences while hunting e pliant, and dealing with the natives, wh> lack of constructive thinking and foresip resulted in very dangerous situations.) Our animals have perhaps been the mi fortunate in being endowed by nature wi adequate protection. Because of their cole ing so much resembling the regions in whi they live, they are difficult to detect. R they do not rely on protective colorin entirely, for during the heat of the d when they rest, you will usually find lone animal acting as a sentry. I have not attempted to correlate t fundamental principles touched upon in ti talk But you, with your knowledge these fundamentals, can readily deduce t JSth S'atunwi Stifi fy i onijrcss little companies that have not been sold Inti they arc coining to it very fast. The tide Has turned and turned definitely, to flow on for years to come in favor of safer and more competent methods The care of the worker today is Riven more thought; CHAIRMAN WHITING: Will any body volunteer some practical way of get ting the backing of the union? 1 know cases where they have backed the safety movement in particular trades--and sin cerely industrial relations are given more thought J. S. SHAW: It is written into some of today than ever before; and it is growing the agreements between the union and the on very stable ground. employer. Safety is featured there. The W. I SHAW (Proctor and (iambic, Cincinnati): We have factory inspection services in our various states. Why is it unions are writing it in. MR. KEEFER: Do they appoint a representative from their group? that the public schools and the vocational schools can get away with violating the safeguards and the rules that the states MR. SHAW: Safety is handled just like all the other phases or conditions of work. In several contracts (I reviewed lay down ? a hundred last year that are published by CHAIRMAN WHITING: I suspect that money is in the picture. I don't know any college that has as much money as it the Department of Labor in Washington) safety is invariably one of the important things named in them. would like to have to do a better job. About getting away with it. I don't know-- they may not be subject to factory inspec tion. CHAIRMAN WHITING: Is it car ried out? Is it more than a name? MR. SHAW: It is like everything else; it has to grow. It is taking root. MR STRATTON: They are not subjeet to it MR SHAW: They ought to be CHAIRMAN WHITING: But be sym pathetic with our colleges. They haven't any experience on safety. We have to carry our experience to them under dif ficulties Maybe they will come across in time, and maybe Mr. Warzala will have his dream come true. And it is the dream of all of us. MR ROGKRS: 1 wonder if someone here could say a word or two about the attitude of the union group, where it ex ists in the chemical industry, towards the safety program. How are they falling in line, or do they have anybody who repre sents them, who helps to impress upon their group, through their own officers and meetings and what-not, that the union, as a union, is backing up the safety pro MR. KEEFER: Would you personally recommend, Mr. Shaw, that a union ap point one man in its group perhaps to sit in with management on the question of zziziy aione--give him one responsibility? MR. SHAW: Not any more than I would have him sit in with management on any other phases of management. I wouldn't set safety out by itself. Let us have his working conditions so that they will he healthful and safe, and the hours of work and the rates of pay are all stated in the agreement. Some of the agreements are gentlemen's agreements ami they arc not signed ; some arc signed ; and some arc contracts. Safety appears frequently in them. CHAIRMAN WHITING: Do unions r*>operate in safety committee activities? MR. SHAW: Yes, they will. After yon get down to a friendly basis of work, they gram ? certainly will. ADJOURNMENT Construction Section Officers 1938-1939 Ccncral Ihairman \Y A Snu", As-nciatcd ('.moral ( nnlra. Ini s of America, Inc . \A ington, 1) C yicc-Clulirtnan for llcarx tinntruction Is I Km,n mil, C W lllakrslce & Sons, Haven, Conn Vice-Chairman for Highway Construction S H Aniifrsun, Harrison Construction Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman for V. S. Engineer Defarhnent--Major H IV Vaik.iian, Jr. C'orp Engineers, War Pept , Washington, I) C. Vice-Chairman for RuUding Construction- C H III.At k, Slone Hi Webster Engine. Corp., Boston, Mass. Secretary--Robf.rt McKini>.y, General Accident hire & Life Assurance Corp., Pe' Mich. News Letter Editor--*P.ix;ah N (.in hxtink, 2.12-.M)1h Ave, San Prancisco, Calif. Engineering Committee Chairman -- I amis A. Burbank, The Travelers Insurance Hartford, Conn. Memhershif Committee Chairman -- P J ( kanufii, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co , Bo Mass. Program Committer Chairman- *|uiin Hiisskii., Public Service Electric & Gas Newark, N J. Statistics Committee C hairman- T iiomas Soiu f, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San I cisco, Calif. Visual Education Committee Chairman- S M I.Aunr riiai f, C ivilian Conservation C< Washington, P. C. Tail General Chairman Officers 1939-1940 General ('/ttnrmini--R J. Uiu-Kumi, C W. Ulakeslrc & Sons. New Haven. Conn Vice-Chairman for Heavy C onstriu /<> W A. Hazakh, Bethlehem Steel Go, H Item, Pa Vice-Chairman for Ihgliuay C on strut lion - S E Animhsmn, Hairison ('on*truetifii Pittsburgh, Pa Vice-Chairman for (/. A. hnyincer lUfartnu'ui Majhh H U Vaughan, Jr, Con Engineers, War Dept . Washington, 1) ( . Vice-Chairman for Building Conttruclion-- K. Pitot*, ( hesebrn, Whitman Co, Inc., Island City, N. Y. Secretary--*W. A Snow, Associated General Conhactnrs of America Inc Waxliin DC Neivx J.rttrr h.thlor--*Eih;ak N Goi iimini , 2.12-dOth Ave. San FiamrUco, Calif. Membership Committer Chairman Samuii F. Kin.r, New Haven Gas Light Co., Haven, Conn. Program Commiltrr ( hmrnianJohn Ruxxrii, Public Service Electric & Gas Newark. N I. Stofir/tY.r Committee Chairman--V. C. Km ini.i x, Koppcrs Co, Seaboard Div Ke NJ 299 \(K) J.Sfh itfn>ndl Sajt'tx ( <tn<(rcss I'nu.i/ ! <iu, .ih.'ii ( I'j/Miiiffi'i' ( lutirnum S M I. m u kia i p, ( ivihan Conservation Corps W A'') n ng 0 'I', I 1 < / Ih/m.vr,u<i ( < H |{i m k ('(/mir/mm). Smiic & Wr!>Mer Engineering torp. Hoslon. M.^ ! a m s \ Hi himnk, I In I r \t h t v l ii v|i ram < ( o . Harlfont, ( mill h | < kankmi, I ib<*rfy Mutual ln'iirancc ( , Moslon, Mass K"HtHT Mi Kinijv, < ifnrr al An ulrnt lire & life Assurance ( orp , Detroit, Mich. I immas Smi i . Industrial Imlrmmlv Exchange, San Erancisco, C alif I * t <rnrral ( li.mnuti TUKSDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 1 lit I.|nlllll^ 'Mi'll of ||n- ( l Mist r UCtM III SrtlMMi was t.illifl In order by K ) Reige- lutli. Vnc 1`n^nlt-nl. W Hlakeslee Si Smis. NVw ll.t\nf ( turn. Vice ( hairinan of tlie Section, who preside**!. C hairmati Hfixetnlli welcomed tlie assembled delegate* and then introduced the speakers, as fol lows : What Are Our Accident Statistics for 1938? By THOMAS SOULE Chief Engineer, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cal. these facts am! figures appear of interest m examining the 1938 ao ident rates in the ( onsiriii limi Industry as reported hy mem l>rrx (if ihe National Safety Council: I lie ( i mU r in 11< at Industry Ire fjuenrv Kate i-.......................................... 24.93 I lie ( imsirm ti'n Industry Severity Kate is . .................. . ... 3 24 1 he$c raf<s arc alxuit twice the average for National Safety ('mined members in 30 major mdiMnes rejHirtmg their experience Since I 02c the Const r u< f ton Industry fre quern v iate was reduced 75 per cent; the ( onstructioii Indii'drv severity rale was re duced 71 per (oil ; while tlie all industries frequency rate was reduced f8 per cent, ami the all industries severity rate was reduced 4 1 per cent. I he respective reductions for the f onstruetion Industry from 1037 to 1038 were 31 per cent arid (\ per cent, as against 16 per rent ami 5 per cent for all industries ( redit for improvement in the Construe fion Industry's 1038 accident experience is <1nc largely to the favorable experience in large organisations They rrdmed both fre (|ii(`ii( \ and severity rates substantially, whereas severity rates rose 35 per cent in small organizations. The average frequency rate for large com panies was 17%, while that for small unit* was 49.80, the small unit facing defined a* having less than 100 employees. The smaller or ganizations had an average severity rate of 12 31 as against 2.04 for the largo companies. The best all time tm injury records and the Honor Roll for 1938 in the National Safety Conned Ihihlication "Accident Rates in the Construction Industry 1938" contain the names of the construction depart merits of an oil company, several industrial plants, a public utility, as well as several districts of the U S. Engineer Department engaged in river and harbor work and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Construction companies for the most part, are conspicuous by their absence. The honored organization provided atx>ut one third of the man hours worked and very materially lowered the accident rate figures developed for the entire group. In one classification, as an illustration, the removal of the construction department fig ures for an industrial organization would double the average accident frequency rate for the balance of the group. C tm\1nu lum Si i twn .301 The lowest 1938 Dequeues rates were m river ami harbor work, averaging !8<>2 Severit) rates were lowest for general hmld mg contractors, averaging 2 58 Moth mjm> rate, were highest "< 1ock 3,1,1 <lal" slrudion and in slrcl erection In Mir ore, lion of structural steel frcqm my was H 7o and seventy 3009 In a scr.es of 117 scrums accidents m ll.e Construction Industry rrpmtcd to Mu nl.* th. ese percent,ages w< re u< v* tp <1 Agencie* of Injury Elevators and hoisting equipment...........17% Machinery ......................................................... 14% Working surfaces (ladders, scaffolds, He.).................................................................. t4% Vehicles..............................................................13% Hand tools ................* ;................................ 1!? Nototherw.se specified ............................. 31 A V hiawarrmss of safe ptaiiucs or lark of know ledge or skill ............. .237 Rhin al defer Is ......................... 37 No pn son*! eaiiM* .................... 247 Tin- principal inwlr acts rnnmntted In , ,,,)lir,,.s wrrr : 1 '"M'pmg, holding or lifting improperly 2 S'a"',mK under suspended loads ... o I.cwlc asM.mmg an unsafe posi,..... 'tisSD:tn.asr.tainfrg,usse.to<ppf i-ntogo, losraont.dheerqwuisipemmenotving without giving or getting the propei seigcnuarel fvoerhifcaleilsin, gswtoitcthaegs, , loectkc., Maogcakiusoii unexpected motion 5. Non use of safe apparel or protcctivi clothing, such as goggles and safet\ shoes I" giving consideration to the figures, it U TCtogmznl that they are taken Tyrpve of Accident Fallin*. 'lidinK, flyinR objects.................... 40% Cauglil in or lietwecn................................... 2S% Falls, nnc level to another........................ 13% Inhalation, absorption, swallowing (acute action) ............................................ Not otherwise classified...............................14% `orr slatistuaTlly"rrpnsrnfame7<if Tthe' entire industry I lie accident .tali.tics of die t onstructinn ludnMry as reported to (lie National Safety Conned indicate that while very considerable improvements have lieen made in accident rates, there is still a ^reat deal of pioneer Mechanical Cause Unsa,fe p,lanni.ng, work, ing method.s. poor housekccpniK, etc 3K% Unproper Riiard.HK ........................................ 2.1* Mecl.veaRrnr.ee ........................... ............ 21/e Non-use of protcet.ve equipment........... 4% No median,ral cause ...................................14/e swmoarkllertocohnetradcotnoer,s maondre oenspperciviaalltye awmoornkn Sevreerqaul irRe otvhcerncmoomnpt ilagtieonncieosf arcecidbeenvtinrnaintey for ,,riva|c <m Mic work aft Mct,illR arl important favorable n.flt.em. av,.i(,t.llt (x,lrn,s, ,,,al u. ,|ir,the eon slrUl (m,, al,,, , ,,,,,,,m;,ny reiterated Personal Cause Improper altitudes ....................................... 50% YouIhIeleaM, onre( AVrornideHne|sa!r of Safelv, the Less Safe Dredging Operations By L. D. SHUMAN Principal Engineer, in Charge of Dredging Operations, United States Engineer Office, Philadelphia, Pa. The largest and most complex machines f the construction industry are not used in At building of modern skyscrapers nor the inf* 50,000 cubic yards of earth in a single work day. I >redKinK has always been regarded as construction of tunnels and bridges, nor in hazardous work hi fact, employers' liability At operation of mines. They are found on rates dredges, even in this day of safety- At work of dredging our harbors and our iniiulcdnrss, average about $10 per *100 of mtrs Some of them are capable of dredg payroll. Marine Section Officers 1938-1939 (,cneral ('/minium-- Hmin (> Pukskp, Pacific toast Mamie Association, San Francisco Calif. Advisory Committer (Active I'a-t < icncral Chairmen) R ( IIoiion, Jr (Chairman) United States IV & I Agency, Inc.. New York. N Y. y W. 1`iskf. Jr, Socony-Vacuum Oil to. Inc, New York, N Y Frank 11. Cohan, Tin- Delaware, l.ackawanna Kr Wesicrn 1C I< Co, llolioken, N I John S IIhnifh, The Atlantic ICTming t o., Philadelphia, Pa Artihik M Tom, Consulting Marine Engineer, New York, N Y ( liairman Atlantic Pistrict--J. IV Hunf.v, The Texas Co , New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman Atlantic Pistrict--Wiiiakii I". Jonfs, Gulf Oil Uefunng Co, New York, N. Y. Chairman /'nri/ic Pistrict (Editor, "Marine Safety'')- Hfnky III a< kstonf, llnited States I'. & 1. Agency, Inc, San Francisco, Calif. Vice-Chairman Pacific IHstnct--Aimfrt O Pft.c., Union Oil Co of Calif , Wilmington. Calif. Chairman Gulf Pistrict--Frank E Amfs, I.ykes Bros. Steamship Co, New Orleans, La Fiff-C/inirmnti Gulf Pistrict--1. It Patf, Mississippi Shipping Co, Inc, New Orleans, La. Chairman Great Laker Pistrict--VJ ( Garhutt, Pittsburgh Steamship Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Vice-Chairman Great l.ake.t Pistrict -Gfurhf. Mariinson, Pickands Mather & Co., Cleve land, Ohio. Chairman Shipbuilding and Repair Piviuon -- II ( lloiu.imiN, lletlilehem Shipbuilding Co., Bethlehem, Pa. Vice-Chairman (In Charge of Posters and Slider)- Uihifkt F. Hank, Standard Oil Co of N. J,, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman (In Charge of Programs) --Loi;an Ckfsai-, Isthmian Steamship Co., New York, N Y. Vice-Chairman (In Charge of Publicity)--Hakhiii | Hahiunh, Marine Progress, New York, N. Y. Secretary--L. J. CounHi-AN, American Export Lines, New York. N Y Membership Committee Chairman--C arc R. Hoi mfs, Marsh & McLennan, New York, N. Y. Stevedoring Committee Chairman--John W. McGrath. lolm W McGrath Corp New York. N. Y Statirtier tonimittre Chairman--Bf.njamin H. Sf.i f, Travelers Insurance Co New York, N. Y. Engineering Committee Chairman--W. P Rtr.cs, (t S Navy Dept , Washington, D. C. Members at l.arge-- Passenger iS- Cargo Lines--N. T. Lawrfncf: (Chairman) United Stales I incs Co New York, N. Y. Kobf.rt C Lf.f,, Moore & McCormack Lines, Inc., New Y'ork, N Y F. J. Tracy, llnited States Lines Co., New York, N. Y. N. S. Stortfr, Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., New Orleans, l.a J. E. Hart, Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, J.a John Wric.iit, American F.xport Lilies, New York, N Y. Thos Bi ah, Grace Line, fnc. New York, N Y S A Schramm, Black Diamond Steamship t n , Wrrhawken, N J. 339 TIG dtith National v>"j*4y - l unker Lompomfi J G Johnson (Chairman), Sinclair Navigation (Jo , New J NIlf Ynhv J Hhixihn, Standard Oil Co of N J, Marine Dept., New York, N Y K K Kn i y, 1 ule Water Associated Oil Co, New York, N Y. A M M<Rfan, Pan American 1`etroleum & Transport Co, New York, N. Y. MfNhY Cn HfkT, Oil Transfer Corp , New York, N. Y. Fwank (J Laijrif, Cago Petroleum Corp, Maracaibo, Venezuela. J A. kuMSF v, Standard (>il Co of Calif, Richmond, Calif. A () Woi t, (ieneral Petroleum Corp of Calif , Terminal Island, Calif. f >iumhorv)l (Morme)- J M. Tomh, New York State Merchant Marine Acsn\vmy, New York, N Y ^trHvedl.oreSsfwAJkooh,nYWale UMnciGverrastithy,(CNheawirmffaavne)n, ,JoChonnnW. . McGrath Corp New York, N. Y. Wit uam II Ci auk, John T. ( lark & Son, New York, N. Y. shItphhruJtladrtktua/ CanodrpS., hNipewKeYpoartkr ,CNom. Ypa. nies -H C. Houohton (Chairman), Hetiilehem Ship* bJ udHdinJg.o(vf<,>.IVHdeetlrdaelhSemhi,pbPuailding & Dry Dock Co , Kearny, N. J J M (finvFM, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co.. Mobile, Ala 1. R Sokfnkon, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co, Newport News, Va. A/orme Imuranre- A J Smjth, Marine Office of America, New York, N. Y. ffaifnuuii bkANK H Coi.-an (Chairman), The Delaware, l.ackawanna 8t Western R. R. ( n , Mohoken, N J. < F lb a< kton, Krie Railroad Co., Jersey City, N. /. On1./* R( lfaivufAifi,mNtieowti YSoj<rkictCy-e-nJtraPl PPinieusk,fNnreawcoYorAkm, eNr.icYa.n Rtircau of Shipping, New York, / mNploYy. er s' t - p C Ghfooky, Waterfront Kmplciyers' Assn , San Francisco, V CSalifJ'.mphtyees' i omPcnsaiton Commitiin ~\\. IV Hfmi.fs, U. S F.mployces* C'ompensa* /' ImVn (Jn-.mmmjintsrMfrton, MWaajoshhinIgItonH, lbVa( in.iian, Jh. (Orps of Knginoors. War Dept , Wash ington, I > C I.' VlKllllU J.,.. Officers 1939-1940 mrrn/ < hoirman Byron O I'k kakii, Waterfront Employers' Association the Pacific I'l/to-ia(sitt.vSf.tnomFrmanilclciscco,IfCaClif IIoiofn, In, flnitt'il States I*. & I. Agency. Inc, New Yotrfc, NIY'. W I isk f , jk , Socony - Vacuum (lit Co., Inc , New York, N. Y. Frank II ( oi.an. The I lelaware. Tackawattna Ik Western If R f llolkken, N. ). ImiN S Month*. The Atlantic Refining Co, Philadelphia, Pa ViceA-GkTenttetikralMChlaoirimn,aCn on(Fs.uxleticnugtivMea)r--inRe KJngH, aNkefwr, YAomrke,riNca. nY Merchant Marine Instil*H VtIcnec-C, NenecwraYl oCrhk,aiNrmaYn. (Memhrrshifj--T F. Buchanan, The Texas Co, New YoHfc I 'iNce. YG.eneral Chairman (Coordination) --}frnry J Hfiixirn, Standard Oil Co., of N. Jv I iNree-wGeYnoerrka,l N( hYn.irmnn (I'rntjrnni <)- Cari. F. Hot Mrs, Marsh & McLennan, Tnc, ""j I nYcorhkr,nNeroYl ( hnirmnn (( ooitol Reoiou i) Rear Admiral K M WlFscur, 1 hiitcd St I o.l't t.uard, Washington. I> t Fditor, "Marine Safety" News l etter--Hknry Bvackstonf, Unite Inc , San Francisco, Calif des P & I. Ag Secretary--W. I' Ihcj.s, II S Navy IVpt , Washington, IV C ( hoirman, Atlantic District--J. P. Konfy, The Texas Co, New York, N. Y (Ketir< Vire-Chairman, Atlantic District-- Wit t akii F Jiinfk, (mlf ()i| Corp. New York. N ClinirnniM. I'aetfir Ptslrtil- F'kaniis I MU'Owfn, Outer Marhor I ><K'k & Wharf San Pedro. Calif Tire-Chairman, I'acifie District--( iFoK'.f W. At him, Ames Terminal Co., Seattle, Wa Chairman, Gulf District--Frank E. Amfn, I.ykes Bros. Steamship Co, New Orlean- Vice-Chairman, Gulf District- 1.. H I'atf, Mississippi Shipping t o, Inc, New Orlcan OtuirM'iM, Great l.alrcs District-- VJ. t t a Km it r, Pittsburgh Steamship Co, Clew f )lno. Vice-Chairman, Great /.alecs District--(if.omi.f. Maxtinson, Pickands Mather & Co., t laud, Ohio. Cliairmim, River Districts -is O. (iRiffin, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgl Pire-Chnirmnn, River Dtslncts--Josfph E. Jackman, Met, rady-Kodgers Co , Pittsh Pa Chairman, All Inland Waterways--Major H R. Vaim.han, Jr , Corps of Engineers, l)ept., Washington, IV C. Owirmim, Shipbuildini) and S/up Rrfair Dtvtsian--II C UoutatToN, Bethlehem Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. Chairman, Committee an I'uh/icity and I'uhlicittiaus--Haroiii J Hardinc., Marine ress, New York, N Y. Ckoirmnn, Committee on Maritime Associations -- t\ H t ai i amian, The Maritime riation of the Port of New York, New York, N Y Lhairman, ( ommittcc on Dinted .S/ulct foir'crnifo'iii Ruri'otir--t omtnander R. S. US.N (Retired), lltircaii of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Washington, IV ( Cknirmntt. Committee un Iniiinecrini) ond Minimum Slumlords- A I. Smith, N Office of America, New York, N Y. Chairman, Statistics Committee- Hi njamin II. Sr if. The Travelers Insurance Co, York. N. Y, tkflirmnii, Marine education Committee--II I. Sfwaro, Yale University, New I Conn Viet-Chairman, Marine l:diinition Committee--!' t" Orff-oky, W'alerfront F.mpl Association of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif Chairman, Industrial Relations Committee--K F' Uonovan, Standard Oil Co. of San Francisco, Calif. Chairman, Stevedoring ('orntniiler- R. P. Hfri.fs, U S Kmployees' Comjiensation mission, Washington, I >. C. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16,1939 The first session of the Marine Section ns called to order by General Chairman tyron 0. Pickard, Chief Safety Engineer, Waterfront Employers Association of the Factfie Coast, San F'rancisco, Chairman VWard made a lengthy report of the acfcrttes of the Section during the past year, mirwing the advances of the Section, and especially empliastiing the good wi various committee chairmen and groups. Each of the sub-committee men had provitled a special report, receiving the report of the Nominatinf mitlee and formal election of office the current year, the Chairman intre the first speaker. I IK S//| Wilii'iml Nr//r/v ( (*//'/> (' Precautionary Measures i ii. I k i III n Ml 111 >.i 11 n K l.ulk 111 ii i il 11 .11 ' 'fmilM wr.M tlii'i tiffing X'XkI<'* -OI'I .1 iloiiMr h.<nd, dn^l tkd>l i r*.j*i I iitnr I lie * Inllnim .*f ()> m i k Wan<K ,ui'l tiM vlumld I*' lose ht Iimk Hrfr.i* ImikIIimk *1" Innr. .ill exposed parts of tin Uwl\ v|u,hM first 1m* treated with hn**fc<\ ml oi unguent mr (V 1 iii^ I* IkM- ter than linseed ml a* it contain* <hsm Icctants to prevent intcclmn) Workmen eri^ax* d in slaking lime *fiould wear x`'KkI< v and Iil;Ii| fitting clothing at tin' "ei k. hands and fe t \ drinking fountain should Ik* located near ulicrr the material iv to !* handled tjin* k action is rtqtnrcd when the eye s hiirncil It should he I In'rnuglilv Ihishrd with |d<nty of water. If a drinking hunt tain is available hold (hr e\r ojmii and Hush thoroughly. Then use a 2 jnr rent solution of ammonium rMoridr a* a neutral uer, continuing at half hour interval* for the first twenty-four hour* The patient should l>e immediately placed in the care of an experienced physician. The recent development of container cars for shipment* of lime ha* made it possible to eliminate the hand unloading of the hulk product. Whenever the amount of lime con sumed is of a large enough quantity, it is recommended that containers he used. A D IOUKNMF.NT Mining Section Officers 1938-1939 Cencrai Chairman -- 1. C Camfiilli . Tin- Koppers Coal Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman--A nous D. Campiii.ii, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, l.td., Schumacher, Ont, Canada. Vice-Chairman--W. D. Hasli.ton, Pickand- Mather & Co, Duluth, Minn .Secretory and Nrtv.r heller Editor-Daniel Harrini.ton, IJ S Hureau of Mines, Wash ington, D. C. Vaster and Slide Committee Chairman--J. J. Forbes, U S llureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vuhlicily Committee t hairtutui -- M. K. Ilium, 1 he Flxplosives F.ngmecr, Wilmington, Del. Statistics Committer Chairman--W. W. Adams, U. S. llureau of Mines, Washington, D. C Members at Large-- G. J. Barrett, Oliver Iron Mining Co , Duluth, Minn. Thomas Aii.i.n, State Inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, Colo. J. W. Ai.t, Calumet & Hccla Consolidated Copper Co, Calumet, Mich *p. M. Arthur, American Zinc Co. of Tenn,, Mascot, Tenn. Khed E. Hedai.e, Consolidated Coal Co, Inc., Fairmont, W. V. Iohn L. Boardman, Anaconda Copper Mining Co , llutte, Mont W. H. Comins, National Lead Co, Potosi, Mo. M. L. Coulter, Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp, lmliana. Pa. C. M. Fs.i.i hah, Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis. C. W. Gibbs, Harwick Coal Sr Coke Co., Pittshurgh, Pa. R. Dawson Hali, "Coal Age," McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, Ii H. T. Harper, Tennessee Copper Co., Copperhill, Tenn. New York, N. Y. *H. C. Hknme, Phelps Dodge Corp, llisbce, Ariz. Rush N. Hosier, Pennsylvania Compensation Insurance Hating Sr Inspection Bureau, Harrisburg, Pa. C. F. Keck, Jamison Coal & Coke Co., Latrobe, Pa. Thomas E Lic.htfoot, The Koppers Coal Co, Pittshurgh, Pa Geo Martinson, Pirkands Mather Sr Co, Cleveland, Ohio William C. Metzger, Hudson Coal Co , Scranton, Pa D I) Moffat, Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah V 0. Murray, The Union Pacific Coal Co , Rock Springs, Wyn John T. Kyan, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittshurgh, Pa N P. Rhinehart, West Virginia State Dept of Mines, Charleston, \V Ya R H Skip, The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J. L T. Sicka, St Joseph Lead Co , Bonne Terre, Mo. 0. V. Simpson, Alabama By-Products Corp., Flat Creek, Ala John Treweek, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D. Howard I YouNC, American Zinc Lead Sr Smelting Co., St Louis, Mo "Put Gtneril Chiirmsn Officers 1939-1940 * Chairman -- A nous I) Camphhi, McIntyre Porcupine Mines Ltd Schumacher 0*C Canada kmriiKiii--C si isv si i soi- r Kvans, Ih, The Hudson Coal Co, Scranton Pa Jtoinnnii -- \V D Hasfiton. Pirkands Mather Sr Co, Duluth. Minn 449 * \>D SSth National S.i/f/V ( oium's* Minn/ Sr, Imu 4 SI i'lir ( hair i b'llJNIHAHI. Wi n! Virginia Stall 1 h pi ( Mim>, < hailrMoil. \ r W V .1 \e< r, f,tr v and \ , /f,r l lit fur D A Ml I I I AKKI.M. H'N, \ S Hlllt^ll f M IIM / Wadi i c ig (< 111 I > I nnn//,,- ( (nttr in.in l mjniccrno/ ( ( Ihiiriimii i` Health < mn tntff, , |ion I nmvmk, I I>i nr'I H kc Mining ( o M Akiiii'H, Aincrn.ui /iru ( nnp.tm I rail. S D *( l * HIM ` , M a m i!. Inin Mrtnh, nhif' ( fin milt ( fmir miiu l(i \ i n ( i amk, Km In strr & I'iMshnrgh ( <>al ( o , !n- diana. f'a ( hairman ) ) j ohhi-'', D S Ihurati of Mine*, I 'it t slmr gh, fast, r ntul Slut, ( niniit I l'a SM/m/d < ( aiumitt,-, ( h,nr man W. W. Adams D S Ihirean of Mine*. Washington, t> ( f ntrr tain meat < ,<i annttii ( Junrmitn 1 T Kvan, Mine Safety Applianrrs I ' 111 ^I*ii r gl i. I'.i Mr mlhieihr fma^ll \iiirii/ei n. State Inspector of ( oal Mines, Denver, Colo. *1 \V i\\ i, ( .tlmni i & Hoda ( oti'-ohdalcd Copper Co , ( alunict, Midi (`ompam, < I Hamhi i i. < Hivrr Iron Minihr (o, I hiluth, Minn, hm |- IlniM^ ( , nisi ill dal ion ( al ( o , I nr , lairntonl, W Va |ojjn J IliMHUMAN, Anaconda 1 opper Mining Co , Unite, Mont * J < ( a miid j i . I Jn- h oppers ( oal (o , Pittsburgh, Pa * \A II ( omi\V ss, NA'a,11imll inl Iad li Ti rad. (v -o,....P...o..t.o...s.i., .Mo I. ( ot i 11 k, ( Ira i fir hi Ih luminous ('oal Corp Indiana, Pa M A M Pm i man, M out tea I Mining ( o , Montreal, Wis < \VDawl.iMsoiins, IHIaatiwi. ic"k(o(aol aAl gK-e.(" oMkorf(.roaw, PHittisllbuPrugbhl,isPhaing (o, Inr . New York, N Y K H I 11 Akn k. Trnmssrc ( upper ( o , ( 'oppcrhill, Trnn * 1 I ( M r nkii . I'helps Dodge ( or ji , Hi spec, An 7. ( I Khk, I a in i son ('oal & (okr Co, I .at robe. Pa Thomas p 1 n.niiooi. The Koppers ( oal ( o., Pittsburgh, Pa. < iiu M ak i inson, Pn kands Mat her & ( n , ( leveland, (>!<>. ( T Mi Km'.iii, I ake Sborr Dold Mines, I.id , Kirkland Take, Out C anada Wiiiiam ( Mn/i.n, I Indson ( oal Co , Scranton, Pa D 1 > Moj r ai, t hab ( opper < o , Salt I ake City, Utah A O Mi mvav. 1 hr I'mim Pacific Coal Co, Pock Springs. Wyoming K M Sue. I hr New Jersey Zinc Co. Pranklin, N J I T N< k ' *m J/nsrjh r o , Itonrx Terre, Mo ( i \ 'I'll' - f U / ^ } * /. 1' f* `>-|r7p Pa ~ 4<\ i- vr*f -.r* f r\r ' 4 ** mi^rnil ` '~r r . M' \f MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 The fust session of the Mining Seitmn was called to order h\ ( .eneral ( hairman I ( ( amphell. Assistant to the VicePresident, I he Koppeis (oal ( otnpanv, Pittslmrgli, l`a. wlm pit sided ( hannian < amplN'II, in Ins iipemog mn.iiksi lirulls re viewed some of the activities of thf and its committee'' during the and then introduced the scheduled as listed in the program. The for discussion in the various ( sriited u;ts, "The Kxecittive Vie Safety Problems Faced in Bituminous Coal Mines By HEATH S. CLARK President, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company. Indiana. Pa NttiA'.uih, I appio.ich this Mih|t ( i Imm the \ lew pon it o I I he otlu r c \ C< 1111 v r I h.i I lias Ikch >nv eutiic experience in the lUu|minoiis roal industry ami I would Ik pie uinpliioiis to discuss licit the In him.d Iprohlems involved in safety in the hihunimnis Imines. Die second poml I want to stress i* that this talk will den! with safety problems volclv from (he husiness a>pol I shall talk About safety in terms of dollars and tents, m>t Ueanse that is m\ oiil> m|t rest m it. hut leeaust, from the stamltnimt ot the rvecutive, it is the practical approach I do not want it to Ik* said, however, that Jl. or this group, or the bituminous industry Ua a whole, is interested otd> in the com mercial aspects There is as much human liUrian spirit in the ranks of the bituminous Industry as in any other- no more, pcihapst lit certainly no less The htliiiiiimms coal industry is a hazard mdtistr). Proin the earliest da\s, the imiiiR of coal has lccn attended b\ an ap tiling ntimlier of areidents. Pr jar tn> ig, lliis was arcepled av a mattei } irse. One of the afrl> prohlenis m our lustr> is to amuse those engaged m n. particularly those in an rxeiutue ca ity, to the fact that a high measure ot in the lultinuuons tmut s ran lie att. that most mining accidents are prt le ami that the results thtteirom Mill ^ftecterf not onl> in the figures on the al loss statement hut in many in ways that will make the industry desirable and a better field in which I it is true that the safely problems I ii bituminous coal mines, ami the to them, are known, it h\ no Kfollows that the problems and answers On the contrary, neyv methods of ^produce new problems, or variations * and new answers must he found t difficult lu find these answers It I only the application of tried and iples and sound common sense Thanical loading of coal at tin 1 new in some of the producing iM this rminiiv, hut in the Appa hn hl.ui held, wlmli .ummils t *about 7S per cent of the conntiv's production, it is irlativelv new and appaieull> on the nc lease h acli ol the methods of mechanical loading bungs ceilam v.mations of nulling pi ail ices ulmli call for ih'w, or different, methods of operating Variations in the width o( headings and the length and width of rooms tnav hi* required Hoof control may reijmte a ditlereiit t>|*c of tunlKTing than was used under hand loading. I In' installation of additional electrical apparnliis at the faee will constitute an additional haz ard unless proper precautions are taken and the right kind of equipment used There will Ik: additional problems of ventilation and dust control. These problems ate known, and the answers to them arc known ot can U- readily as certained ; and to prove that statement, 1 have only to icfcr to the publications winch have Item issued by the various Dovcrnmental agencies concerned y\ith safety in the mines y\ herein arc set forth the problems and then an<wuv Inhcrciiili. the mechanical loading of coal will increase 'afetv m bituminous mines. This -Imuu by the records made in fields where mechanical loading has been in vogue (or mam years and where some extremely good accident records have been rstahhslied and maintained There is need, however, to guard against a tendency to install and op erate mechanical loading equipment without sulhcient forethought as to the safety prob lems involved. There has not hern sufficient experience in the Appalachian region from which to draw definite ronefusions from the statistics that are available hut there seems to lie an upward trend in the accident rate immedi ately following the installation of mechanical equipment and then a gradual downward trend until, eventually, a frequency is ob tained lower than that prevailing under band loading methods If this is true, it must, in some measure at least, he attributed to a lack of proper appraisal of the safety prob lems involved and a lack of intelligent fore thought and sound planning to meet the problems Paper and Pulp Section Officers 1938-1939 General Chairman--l`. A. Koiiinsun, KimU-tl) -( lark l nrp , Nccnali, Wis yice-Chairman in Charge o( A{ember tin f>- It. It t iiani, Ontario I'nlp ft Paper Makers' Safety Assn , Toronto, Out , Canada. Secretary & 1`rogram Committee ( /mirmini --C i as ton O Rkaaiz. Maratlion Paper Mills Co., Rothschild, Wis. Nnvs Letter Editor--I.. K Simcson. I lie Brown Pa)cr Mill ( o, Inr, Muinoe, I.a. Contest Committee--A Sr on 1'nsn (( hoirman). 'I lip I'apci Indm-liy ft I'.ipvr World. Chicago, III. B. I). Rogers, Bird ft Son, Inc., Hast Walpole, Mass F. H. Rosmiush, Nekoosa-Edwards 1'apcr Co., Port Edwards, Wis Data Sheet Committee--R. (V McGivnkv (Chairman), Oswego Falls Corp, Fulton, N Y J. J. Hastings, Port Huron Sulphite ft Paper Co., Port Huron, Midi H. P. Heubner, The l-'lintkote Co., New York, N. Y. James W. Towson, West Virginia Pulp ft Paper Co., New York, N Y Engineering-Safe Practice Committee-Arthur Murray (( hairmau), Container ( nrp of America, Chicago, 111. Francis T. Roonfy, George llanta Publishing Co., Menaslia, Wo M. W. Dondorf., Beloit iron Works, Beloit, Wis. G. R. Vaughan Evans, Anglo Newfoundland Development Co, l.td, C.rand Falls, Newfoundland. Health Committee Chairman--Dr. Louis II. Freititiing, Champion Paper ft Fibre Co, Hamilton, Ohio. ftfatuftcr Committee Chairman-- Firm W Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. Publicity Committee-- E. W. Patton (Chairman), The Lawrence Paper Co, Lawrence, Kansas. C. 0. Holmes, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co, Minneapolis, Minn D. A. McAi.ary, Fraser Companies, Ltd , Kdmumlston, N IV, Canada Roi.ano W. klCHAHnsoN, The Gardner-Richardson Co , Lorklatid, Ohio Safely Instruction Card Committee--Ernest Augustus f(hairmon), I I ir Mead Corp, Clullicothe, Ohio. G. J. Bienvenu, Gaylord Container Corp, Dogalusa, La S. H. Brown, Union Bag ft Paper Corp , New York, N. Y Arthur E Winsi.ow, Hollingsworth ft Whitney Co., Watcrvillc, Maine Visual Education Committer--1> T. Meany (Chairman), New Ihun-wick International Paper Co., Dalliousie, N. B., C anada. Don E. McIIoWF.i.I, Kalamaioo Vegetable Parchment Co, Parchment Kalamazoo Co Mich. Walter E. Strong, Marathon Paper Mills Co., Menaslia. Wis K_ G. UtFER, Hawley Pulp & Paper Co., Oregon City. Oregon Pail General Chairmen-- Gcoice J. Adams, International Paper Co., Glens Falls, N Y Robert M. Ai.tman, Marathon Paper Mills Co., Rothschild, Wis Kenneth L. Faist, The Champion Paper & Fibre Co.. Hamilton, Ohio Walter A. Gleason, Hammermill Paper Co., Erie, Pa E. E. Grant, The Crystal Tissue Co, Middletown. Ohio M. G Hoyman, Kimberly Clark Corp . Xeenah, Wis G. W Ptouirs, The Champion Paper ft Fibre Co. Cacton. V C J I Piesk, Consolidated Wale- P.e- ft Pa:- (, W ,^,, t - Kar,,i. yy .. 7H 'Slh ,Xih'iintl Sit f i f v < otHirm ^SU s| I in, 11 1*1 11 \ ft X- ( c I , I Mi . ( til ti'- lad'-. \ X * i I'm' ^ V 11 \ I I ' ' ^ k mil *t-rI\ ( la ? k ( i'H', i "M i a f I) innf r N renali. \V i^ ( n. West Spnnghrld. Mas'' I- Winn Officers 1939-1940 I I H < 11 \ n r, Ontario l'nlji Si l"ai>cr Makers' Safety Assn, Toronto, (,rn/rnl ( hturnuoi < >nl , ( an.id.t ,./ M, iiibir<htl' ( i as Ion O Hhsai/, Marallion 1'a|>rr Mills I ( ( luwr man tn < h.i * n , Httll.s, (nltl. \\ O lloikiiK, Minnesota & Ontario l*a|>er <'/*<rVMrV it III! /'frO/ftlMI ( i > in in i //re ( /nnrmiin ( V,<vi"< . /M,/ii/i,iiri .iI|ttuhhlso,r M mJ)u A Mi Ai akv, Fraser Companies, Ltd, Madawaska, Maine f "ill, \i i \ Si "ii Mown (Climrtium), Fritz Publications, Inc , ( Imago. W- )i I* Km,ins, Bird & Son, Inc, Last Walpole, Ma^s I- U Uiiahumi, Nekoosa-Kdw ards Paper ( o , Port Edwards, Wis. Cu/.i \lu,l ( oinfinttiC K (i MiLivNrv (('hairman), Oswego Palls ( orp, Hilton, N Y j 1 Hasuni.s, Pori Huron Sulphite & Paper Co, Port Huron, Midi H 1 Mmnn, New Urnnswic k International Paper Co , Halhousie, N H, Canada j a Mr s W i"\\si n( West Virginia Pulp ik Paper t n, Nrw York, N. Y /m;iiivriM<; Su/( l'r,utu,'s ( nmtmttcc -Akihuh Mommas (( lutirmttn), Container ( rp of \ mcr n a, < hu ago, 11| M W IM'NOoMI. lleloit lion Works, Beloit, Wts I- m ini is T kooNiv, (ieoi i*c Pant a I 'tibhshing ( n , M<*nasha, Whs ( K Vmh.imn ( VAN', Anglo Newfottudland Hrvelopmciit C o , I,id Crand halK llraNlethwfo(uontdnlamnidtt,s ( lutirni/in I >m Pools H Fhmutwnc., ( hamp<n Paper & Pihrc (o. Si1olahmitdufOi M( .-m( >ilwnoilltv ( h,ii> ni*m l:nn' W Hkaun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, VVis I'uliUiily ( W a i i h m 1* Simoni; (( luurtmw). Menasha Products Hiv., Marathon Paper Mills C n, Minasha, Wis A S ('i)iik, Quebec Pulp N Paper Safety Assn, Quebec, ( anada M I M AMMr n, /ellethach Cor p & Rayonicr, Inc , Portland. Ore Koi \ni>W H h n a miison. The t ardner Richaidsnn ( o , Locklaiid, Ohio. Sa/ety Instructum ( ar,t Committee \i W Ckiuuiii-k (Chairman), Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co. International halls, Minn Ernfst Aot.osms, The Mead ( orp. Clnlltcothe, Ohio. ( I Hifnvfnii, Gaylord Container Corp , Bogalusa, Pa S If Brown, ( hi urn Hag tk Pajcr (V *r p , New York, N Y H 1' Hm'iinim, The Muitkofe ('o, New York, N. Y. Ahr11ok K U iNsiow, Hollingsworth & Whitney Co, Watervillc, Me. Hudt /:r/(ofton ( loiios A Hrapfr fC/nnrmmiJ, Consolidated Paper Corp, r LtHd,onOraKnd M'Medrlem, vPi.nQ, (Ka.inlaamdaazoo Vegetable Parchment Co. Parchment, Kalamaino ( oimty, M h |) H S i i \Min k, Hnmnu'l N 1 'owning ( o , Milwaukee, Wis I 1< I m11 k, Anglo ( anadian Pulp & Paper Mills. Ltd , Quebec. ( anada P U StstV'swN, The Uowsn Paper Mill Co, Inc, Monroe. Pa # K ( , l Mth h. Haw 1 < \ Pulp Paper ( < , Oregon ( il v, Ore I hdt (<i .* * nMii'friifI < \/inn\irMhi \. nInternational I'aprr ( o. (dens halls, N Y Roiuhi M \i im \ n, Maratlion Paper Mills < o , Kothschdd, W is Kinnmii I l'\is i, The ( hanipioti Paper A' h thr<' ( o . ) I an) d ton, Ohio I'upcr nthI I'nlf S, i lion WaI-TTH A IiIIasmn, llamnurmill Papei ( , h.ru. I`a K t (iHant, The Cl ystal I ssm t . M iddlelow n. t tin*) M 0 IIiuman, K milter I} ( i.uk ( <n p . Ne< uah, Wis (. W. Pun i it's. The ( hampion I 'aper & Idhre Co. t anion. X ( j } I'i/ak.I otisohdaled W ater Pow er A J 'ajn r ( o , Ui-i niism I'nntdv S a Mini P mi '' n, hi mb, I'imn \ t o , 1 ne , < dens lalP. N \ S. 1' Stt a ) 1 in K. Kind hi l\ t l.n W ( m p . N email, Wn OtOKU K Whi l I A 'I son. Si i a 11 mini t Pa pi r ( o , Whs) S pi iiiiii td Ma \\ ! MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16. 1939 The opening session of the Paper and Pulp Section convened with \ icc-Chairman IP B. Chant, Ontario Paper and Pulp Makers' Safety Association, Toron to, Canada, presiding. CHAIRMAN CHANT: At this, our first session of the Congress, let us follow the practice, which l think is now two or three years old, of introducing our selves to each other. This will help to make us all feel we are members together in this great organization, with a common intcrc-Nt in our common safety problem'' (Kacli member present arose and stated his name ami company affiliation ) CHAIRMAN CHANT: We are happy to note a number of visitors with us this afternoon. I hope they will (eel welcome, ami will obtain something of interest and value from the discussion. The first item on the program will he a report on the past year's progress ami activities of the section. Progress and Activities of the Section By D. B. CHANT Acting General Chairman, Paper and Pulp Section, N.S.C. In attempting to reyiew for you the various activities of our Section I shall try to tell the story briefly, and I ask you to 1 trtnember that this duty has very recently | devolved upon me. In Mftnoriotrt--I luring the year our Seci lion has suffered the loss of three of its lUunchcst supporter* in the person* of Ed ward B. Fritz, Fred A. Robinson and Walter ). Brennan. The late Mr. Fritz had much la do with the inauguration several years ago of the Annual Safety Contests among ills of the Section. He always took a keen stores! in our work and was a familiar figure at the Section luncheons where he derived deep satisfaction from personally warding the major trophy to the success| fat company. Fred Robinson's contribution to the prog| WM of tins Section was invaluable His rtrify of purpose, sound judgment, great ability and willingness to devote his time and energy in the MtvuT of his fellow-men marked him as a natural bailer, while Ins splendid personality and sterling character won him a host of friends to whom his recent and unexpected death came as a ter rible shock. As (icneral Chau man for the current year lie worked hard to promote the best interests of the Section and gave constant encouragement and wise counsel to all its committees and officers. Walter J. Brennan's death occurred un expectedly on October 4th, 1939, at Augusta, Maine. Formerly connected with the St. Croix Paper Company, Walter took an ac tive part in the work of this Section until a few years ago and served as its General Chairman for 1930-31. Latterly, he has been Executive Secretary for the Associated In dustries of Maine His capacity for work, his wide experience and the conscientious Sin .'Slh Nahoiml .Snfely ( nm/icss srrvnY in those tn that end, if you will write l< mr as \ >i r < . < n c r a I ( 11 a i f ill a n I wil) umlrM.ikr f.i mt if something tan hr <l.*nr t bn nigh tin National N.tie tv l nun t i). to s 1t run I a f ,i 11 \ it v oil her in tin- W * mil I'rniliii |s .So lion under whnh I hcheve if now ( limes, .r, fatting that, perhaps Muiif movement i.m Ic started in tlic I `apor ami I 'n l|> Sn 11< >n I sff Scott I )<wd agreeing with me. lie is awatr of that problem ami has been for a number of vents Maybe we can get nmr rearrangement in tlic National Safety ( oimul so that we can take care of this ami give service to those in onr wood* work MR ROSKBl'SH Would it he possible for this Section, through the National Safety ( ouncil. to get some pamphlets of instruction out which could he given to the foreman who is m contact with these men, pamphlets <m how to protect them selves m the woods operations which would he supplemcntarv to our mill safety program ' < 11 AIRMAN NANI 1 think it can he done hut as filings stand now it is none of out business I he lumber operations ami ihe logging operations come under the Wood I'rodmts Set lion, and so far as i have been able to font out. evidently a demand (or tins activity has not existed I hat is tmt intended as criticism. I heir work is mamlv < oHcernod with fac tory operations after the log gets to the saw mill, and so on I hey chi a grand jnh of safety work in that connection, hut they leave out entirely the poor wood chopper, and he is left out on a limb. Maybe it will he necessary to arrange something in the Paper and Pulp Section Perhaps we can get permission under our present rules to take in the woods opera tions of paper companies. Certainly in this great organisation wo ought to he able to get something done for the wood cutter who has a real problem on Ids hands. MR AlHiUSTUS: I wonder How many of us in this Paper and Pulp Section are giving any thought to the off-the job acci dents and what they are costing our com panies "r* In our organization. I know that our offfhe-joh accidents, as far as severity and frequency are conc erned, are three or four times as great as our on-the-job accidents 1 heard a gentleman say this morning, a safety director for a large corporation employing men in twenty-three states, that Ins proportion was .Vi fatalities in a five-year period among some dO.tMMJ em ployees for on-the-joh accidents, whereas for ofT-the-joh accidents they had 203 fa talities Now. those 203 fatalities cost the com pany a lot of money. Another speaker at the same session told of one instance where a man was seriously injured in an off-thc-joh acci dent. He had im money to pay his $750 hospital hill, and Ids company took pity on him and paid it. Many of the rest of the companies have done the same thing, and / think our Section might well give thought to this between this meeting and (he next l think the proper committee for that kind of thing might try to collect data and information on what our off-time accidents are costing us and what wc can do as safely men to put on a program of edu cation along those lines, so that our em ployees will not only practice safety in the plant hut off the job as well If you fellows have records, check up on them and see what those accidents are costing you. CHAIRMAN CHANT; That is a good thought In one of my own group Iasi year, one of the off-the-job accidents in volved two hack tenders, a third hand and a master mechanic. They were coining from a dance fifty ndles down the road, and they were driving through a fog. Now, they have not had a fatality in the mitt for five years, hut you can figure out fot vourself what that accident cost the coiw* pany. It certainly cost plenty to tni* these men and it cost plenty to replace them. MR. DRAPKR: Before we adjourn, 1 think it would he in order for this Seclin* to give ? r'.'.ng vote of thanks to cxpml our appreciation of the fine way in which Mr. Chant, our Chairman, has taken Al Chair at our sessions on such very ftfcilt. notice 1 so move. ; (The motion was numerously put to a vote and carried unanimoM^r ADJOURNMENT Petroleum Section Officers 1938-1939 GVheral (luurnian --J M. )In..vvn, I ide V\ at* t A.-o. tuted (>il in , Ness York, N. Y. Ncivs l.rtlcr I'.ditor--K. S 1 lot i man, < Ikhdiinna Natural (.a. < t.mpany, 1 nlsa. Okla. hn/itnccrmn I ommtllcc ( hoiroioo- t V ( \Hi-tNUH, Itomhlc till & Co, HonsU/n, Texas 11 mill) Committee ( lonrmon lln (anus W. Von.., t.idf <1*1 t .up, Port Arthur, Texas Industrial Data Sheet Comnnllet' chairman-- (I l\ I tjsr uiNot k, Shell (hi C*t , Inc , St. Vonis, Mo I'roiiram Committee ( /mir>inii--l 1 YY lhna.rss, Sinclair Prairie (hi Co. T ulsa, Okla. Vuhlicntioiis I'nmmiltee Chairman--J C Youni;, T ide Water Associated Oil Co, Tulsa, Okla. Vhifi.rfirt Cnutmittee Chairman--lUm.n H Myths, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tulsa. Okla Visual Education Committee (hair man--V.. 1) Mimi'ins. Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp , Tulsa, Okla Atlantic l>ivtsion Chairman--A M McKkan, Pan American Petroleum t Transport Co , New York, N. Y. Rocky Mounlaoi Division Chairnuni Wyoming Purl General Chairmen-- lto\ i Great Lakes Division l hairman--J C IUhnii, Sincla Gulf Hit'ioum Chairman--T S Makhti, Ik, Housto l< W. Hi/u k. Standard Oil Co of N I . KMIRida-lxC-othn,tinNenJt. Division Chmrunni II T Mmikii, H W ttoi.i.rss, Sinclair Prairie Oil l'n, TulsOak,laO. kla l(. S. ItoNsni. Standard Oil Co of N. J . New York, N V A W 11km i ani>, l.one Star (.as Co , 1 >alIl'ansc,ifTiceCxaosast Division Chairman-I. Aniukson. Sta V R CtiKKit, The Texas Co.. Houston, Texciassco. , Calif. U E Donovan, Standard Oil Co of Calif, San Francisco. Cahf C V Hti.mowFR, United das Pipe Cine Co, Houston, Texas (V O Cnt KWiMiir. Continental Casualty Co , Tulsa, Okla. tiro. IV Pkiissino, Union Oil Co of Cahf . CVosOAsnigioeklens. , SCtaanhdf ard f hi t o (Ind.), Cashier, K IV Koai'I K. Hiimltle Oil He Refining Co., Houston, Texas E. J. Sknnf, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co . Inc., New Ynrk, N. Y C W Smith, Standard Oil Co (Ind.), ChicaRo, 111. IV J W.M.I \r k, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.. Tulsa, Okla itrrlnry-- II N I1iaktsi>>, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N Y. Officers 1939-1940 CMrraf Chairman--C. J. Nurmann, .Shell Oil Co , Inc., San hrauct^co, Calif. flrr-Ckoirmnn ffourr PPiprorldmuccsti--onC--AH M1 imMA,RTKhfFe, TIMexiiatlsips( ,l,Vf lHrooluesutmon,C'Toe,xaBsartlesville, \fk+Ckairmtm for Maniifnchtruni-- |. Mmwahu Mvkks, The Atlantic Rcfm**'" n r Mphia. Pa i.. . " 1 exas Ok ,,anll< Co., p|,, 531 s *2 ''''ill ,Villh'litil ( ilium" I t . r ( It, n r 111, m i "t W >\r l , t\n,j T l\ Mi I i \ n, Win I c Slat I )i v . S icon \ \ a mini t hi to. In. .1 II. .,t Wu I. \ . I . 11. r I ,111 i II I' \\ o i i \ h s I'.m \iin i ii .111 Urliimn; I"ip , I \as ( n\, li 'h I " i in,, r t a / ( , . in in i I I, , ( Ihllt niilll } I' Si 1 I O * N, > 11 M 1 l| I ( o , I* IH< 11 it N . t Milo / / . ill h i .-n, ,,, ,t (. , I h 11 / in it II I Ml | \\ | <iN.. 4 111 f * >ll < Ml | , l'"Tl Afllllir. I lX,l' / in . / f i >1 ! Kit., % /i. , / l .niinttl, . I /mimimii II I' I >1-.. nlN< I K, Sill II < Ml to, I III . Si I ..in- M., / r <,jr <nn ( " in in 111. i ( Ihiir nmu I II 11 k o w N, lull Water Associated < >il to, New York, \ 'i I`iil-lu ,th. n ( ..Minn//.'. ( Imir mini | ( VmiNi, Tide \\ alerA ssuciated (hi (n, I itha. < >kl.i ^ tiih (ft, i i i' m tn i f ( ii ( fourtiiiiii I 1 wr M 11 M wu1', Sinclair Frame (hi i o. I uU;i, ( >kla / im.i / / </m< ( i' m mi i //i r ( /hurnnin I' S Mmiui, Ik. Iloihlon Oil (.1* of I rMn, M< ill' I >11 I x ,i - - Itliintu ( li,nnn,in 1 \\ logo. I hr \llanlic helming ( o . IMnladclplna, Pa < - r, ,tt /<(-,< / h 7 ii|,.ii i hilirnnni Ik \ NK I I A KKtsoN, l*n ro C^il i .. ( hirago, Ml. (<uif /'i? iu.,11 ( Innrnum W I KhNi. Magnolia Petroleum (o, I Dallas, I cxas M ui ( I'niinrni Ihini'n ( Initriniin |- K I Vm h> mim 1, Tide Water A ssociatcd (hi (<>. lul-a, < >kla \ i ii' l iiijiiiml ( Ihitrtnnn |iiiin V\ Wm i'll, ( ities Service Oil ( n., Hast Hrain- t r <*< . Ma-s I'tinfu ( * * <1 < / /|i;m.'ii ( Inntnmn A I Mmitinson, ( ahfornia PetroleumSafely Hoard, !nc . I is An^rlc -.. ( ali 1 l'ii (1 encr.i/ ( /i.iif nil 11 P W III m k, Si .uniat d <h I ( o of N I . HlizalK'th, N J. II \\ 11..,- s Son lau Pr amc ( hi ( o , Tul sa, 1 >kla U` S 111 >n111 St,unlaid l >11 ( o of N ) . New York. N. Y A W Hum \ni>, I oim- Slar < .as ( o . I hdlas, Icxas I II Hmiw n, I 1 dr Water ,\i>Mn ial(d Oil ( u, New York, N V \ I' ( 1 hkii , If,22 1 ali for ma A \ r . 11 ms Pm, Ti xas Jv I- I \\ Standard < )t! ( o of ( ahf . San Traneiscn, ( ahf ( I 111. n 1 o\v 1 k. I mtrd ( .a-' Pipe I me ( o . 11 mist on, 'I r xas 1 ` * I "iKwniiii, I 1 m 1 mental ( amah v ( o. Tulsa, Ok la. 1,1,1 I I'ln-MN.., I 1 non ( )d ( o of ( ah f . I t v~ Aiik* h`s. ( all I 1' H Ivomik, llnndle(>d <Sr KVrimn^ ( , llousion. Texas f` f sr nm . simi,ii\ Viicimm < >,I ( 'o , fne . New York, N Y * Smii 11. Standard < >11 < o ( I nd ). ( fin a^o, 111 I' I W mi mi. Sine Ian l'raiti<'()it(o,'luKa,f>k!a 'o .r. Mrv M N Hi \ k 1 s 1 1 1 _ \niern an retrolemn lns|itufet New V'ork. N N' TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 I lir . >|H mtm se'-'ion of tin- iVlrolemi) Seitioit \Na^ (alleil to older I >\ t.iinial l liaiunan | H |lio\n. I m I'roteetion l`.n K'tir-ri. I ir|r Watt i \'-sutiaJeil fill < tun pam. New N t.rk ( its, who presided I he first feature wav a senes of brief reports of sectional committee chairmen, as follows \i', thnnil . I < tt;ih,-i. h\ l.eneial ( hairman I H Urown /or /'i/v/mrr. (has A Miller, Vicef h,airman, I'etrohum Section, ami Assistant t ManaKcr, The Texas Company, Hous ton, Texas I or I'roiiui Iton, ( ] Nohtnann, YSce( hairman, IVlmlrtim Seel ion, and Manager, Safety f lepartinent, Shell Oil Conipatn. I ne , San Francisco Octroicuni Section 533 lor Monitfiu /until/, | I. Kism^er. Vice ( hairmatx, Petroleum Section, ami Safety Hircctor, Sormiy - Vacuum f)d ( ompanv, Inc , New York ( it) Safely & InMuamc I'eparlminl. White Star I hvision, Soeonv Vat mini f hi ( ompanv, Inc . I >etmmI r or A/rr4v/im/. T K Mil.can, \ u e ( hairman, Pi troleum Section, ami Mauanet. f icnei al ( hauman Hm\wi tlieii prtMCcrhd with tin UK'dailv st hcdnlcd list of formal papers, as follow s Educational Problems in Manufacturing Plants By WALTER B. RUST Standard Oil Development Company, Bayway, N. J. The educational| ipiruobMleiomos ,ewx.i^sti-n--g-- in our refineries may Ik- stated briefly as follows : 1. How to train the employees to know more aWit their jobs, Nrtb in practice and theory. 2. How to tcacb them <noiiili hImu( the business ami its administration -o that tbev understand tilings uicb as- - (a) Wby they do wliat tiny do tin wav they do it. (b) Wby they arc paid wlvat tbev ate paid, lot)i for any particular job ami considering the salary and wage scale as a whole. (c) How they can better then own posi lions in their organization !*.th in tank and in wages paid for their job. (d) Wby the various personnel plans are offered to them. job it anting, both that which teaches the employers their daily routines on specific jobs and the more general training, such as obtained in apprentice courses Safety, of course, is stressed in this practical training The theoretical training might not seem <piite as net es-.;irv, smec d does not tcacb a man bow to Ig-tter perform his specific joh (other than for mental attitude per haps), but it does inform him in the reasons behind what he is doing 'This, in turn, makes him more flexible and trams him for greatci responsibilities later "The second genet al problem, bow to teach employees moic about the business and its administration, is receiving more attention every day Kevcntly I lud occasion to re view, somewhat in detail, three jersonnrl publications-. "Personnel,*' "Fcrsoniiel Jour ,V How lo clearly interpret the i>crsonuel nal" and "Supervision A central theme in plans to the employers so that they may all of them was that if employers wanted make the !>c*t use of them. This brief statement sounds ratber simple and obvious, but when we break these gen eral problems down lo more specific ones ami then actually start to deal with those, re have something very complex. Experi ence has taught us that we shall probably never lie able to solve these problems mmplclrly, but wc know that v\c must do ur best, if our companies are going to have efficient lalnir forces and if we arc going to be able to live with our employees as friends ratber than enemies ] feel that hat industries in general tan do on this matter wilt largely decide the minces < fail rt of our capitalistic system smooth industrial relations, they had to treat their employees as individuals with questioning tumds amt as individuals who were most willing to eoopeiate with man agement, if they could he sure that manage ment really bad their welfare at heart and would not take advantage of them, if given the opportunity It is not eas\ in know* how much an cmplovrc should he fold ami cares about living told rcgaiding the administra tion of a business, but the concern which has learned the answer to this question and has an industrial relations program permit ting frankness with their employees on these mattcis ,f silal inteusl lo them, probably s in a \ i i \ foi iminic posit nui Many types of problems are involved in talmg with the first problem cited, that >f how to train our employees bow to know mure aNnit their jobs. U.th praetieallv ami thmrclically. I'mm the practical end time As to pci-,,n,iel plans, most companies oflei then cniplovccs a vanrlv, including gioitp mstiianvc, annuity plans, thrift plans and the like \ hese companies arc not gelling the niosj from Ibis policy, if their employees do not fully appreciate what they Power Press Section Officers 1938-1939 Goh riii ( hmrnuut - It I*. Roe mmu t , I ktioit Sled Pmdm t- t > . I e In.U. Midi In . (/nnr miM />r / i/n/'i l M R /iiimk, Ivdison 'mimi.iI l\l< r h u Appli.nue (. o , 11 it , 1 Imago, Bl I K ( /unriMUM If j/ N< < rrfury- t . II Hi hh\ , Western hlcrlrit ( o , ( Im ago. lit Yrirf l.iiUr --I, W I.iithhi, Agfa Ausco Corp, Binghamton, N V Hujuierrou/ ( niHHitBrv-- I ouis HohaK" ((. fuurmmi). I.ilurn Mutual Insurance ( 'o , Itos- ton, Mass () C HoiiiU', RCA Manufacturing Co., Inc., ( amden, N J l-` W Iisri, Tin* BrrucrTill la iht Corp , ( ortlaud, N V llmlllt C(mimif/(V-U R J Hi Mont (C/iiiifiinm), Pullman-Stamlai d ( ai Mfg Co. Hillman, Cine ago, III K K. I i- ni , Timken Kollt i He arnig ( o , ( anion, ( Min )*tluslrt<il Ihthi S/irft ( oinmtlhi' *V\ I (kav>s (Llhiirnttm). Mulug.m Mutual l.ralnlity Co , I letroit, M it'll. W C Uakik. Wlnling ( oi p , 11 at ve> . Ill K. W. IIohson. I lorhani Manufacturing l o . J'.lmwnod, Providence*, K l If,tnbrrshtf* ( <wmi//rr-- l*. I Si iuu 11 |h (( Innrtnnu). ( Hager \ Som I Huge Mfg Co . St Coins, Mu. It A (iK.UNi.l K. BtlltUx Plodlicls Ht\ . Uetwhx Aviatl'Mi t nip, South Haul, Hid \ J C\WKiNtt. Aint'i;\n lorgmg & Socket l n, Pontiac. Mich r.Ml.r CmimuffeY - I U Cox f( hmrnmn). hanhanks Mois, & Co, Bdeut, Wis Tims I). C \w . < liltida, I -tel , (hicida. N Y H A /aciiami, Henry Von* Machine* (<*. Louisville. fY'yreJW Cemim/hv--V ( Pi ni>i in (( lunrumn). West l.uni 1`lanl, ( , ncral Klectnc Co. West Cynn, Mass M. J Oi.oman, C.cncial American Transportation Corp , ( Imago, 111 I IV Lfonarii, Blaw Knox Co, Pittsburgh, Pa C S Pim.tti'S Revere ('tipper & Brass, Inc . Rome, N. Y P*Mii/v ( ownnttrr--). H Cvif (i hutrnutn). Ltdicr Body ( levdand |)iv, Ce*m*ral Motors ( of|. Cleveland. ()lno H A Me l )on ai i), Km* Forge ( o , hne. Pa fftrttfftr.r ( run in j {fee --1V I Hrano (( /nnriinm). Pullman Standard Cai Mt^ Co, Pull- an. Chicago, III II J Mini. Seovdl Mannfaetni mg Co. YVatrrluiry, ( min K K Thoi i, IVmpire Sheet ^ Tin Plate ( <>., Mansfield. ( Mu> W#tr Inslrut fiim (tin/ ( .iimiii//)V ( U Inukinc. (( hnirninn). Inhi ualmnnl Business Machines Corp., I'.ndicott, N \ ( \ IH Mon.\ , KeKex I la\ es \\ heel l o , 1 >et rc*il, Midi i K Ijhhn. Scintilla Magneto Co. lor. Sidur>. N Y K H pFfirn k, Hai nisdife ger ( ert,. Milwaukee, Wis fmd IHuattwti (minmffv I. Pm T mukon (Chnirtmin). McCord Padialnr X: M fg C*. IVtroit. Midi t K AkUMII. ImIiii I he ft HaiVt'ler \\nrk- l> r \ < F.a't \fi>|,np HI I (i Fumnue ksns, t hnager Hardware I otiudrv Co. \,,rth ( Imago, III C J Koi B. ( edetmal Radio Corp. ButTalo. N Y of iair*;r-- | I) ftr*MAN, Weste rn F.ledrie (0 , ( liieago. III t> (iRsiiN, Wesfei n I* le clrie ( . ( liieago. Ml y>7 .'Af/i ( tmt/ri'ss * H i I I >w \ \i } 1111 >1 >.u <I ^im i 11 1 i ( 11 it ;i i, 111 * I ` | I I I N I I l< \ 1 < 11 I | Wind < M | > . I .11 I Ml IK, M It It 1 \ K i i' i i \ mi i-'ti k. I )iiiiiminii I .rX Siam|MiiK to, W,lk*T vtllc. Onl , ( ana<U I < > Mihsi h. \mi rn ,nt < ,m ( H , ( liu'i^o, III s IISi \ unkiN, l^irli.ink'- Mur m' X- < o I Irloit,Wh M I \ i ? - \ Iniinnuin l oi"U M f^ ( , M aiuluwiK'. Wix I I WMiMisiirrai 1 ,ak n 1'. *r v:r ( o , ( liicaKO, III M` s-t (,nid,il ( li i r man r V,-, /i,,,i *1* (, tllNlIk. Miilnl \\1m.1 ( oi p . I aUMMK. Mull H \ kiiuiUNMiMU, Monumoii l-'oi^t Sl.iinpinu ( I* ( ) Mi isni k. Ann man t an t o . ( luca^o, III *U K kot Knot t . Ih lnnt Sit t I I'rodiiit. ( o, Mehoil. ,Miel S II Si ' n u \ K i k. hair hank. M<* Nt- X- ( n , ItelnM. W' is H I. \'ns. Ahmuunm Mood. Manulat tnrmn C t> , Maniti *K J WMi m an, < *reat Lakes I-or *c ( ., t hica^o. 111 T*\r Crnrrat V Itairmau " . \\ i 569 Officers 1939-1940 (,1 rnr.i/ ( h.nr m,nt M K /.I l HMr, Kill soil ( i< m ral Icier trie Appliaiu'e to, I lie t ( lit* am, III l 11 <' ( hi nr nii in 1 . M HI kk> , W Yslrf li I' In t f M` t o , ( lM a^o, III. S.-r,/,irv nnj A , 1. t Irtl.r / r/l/of -<> ( llwMFAU, KlA M Mllll (('l III ill^ ('<. ,m , (-a'" Icn. \ | I dm/ ( . >in mitlrr l.nCh Mhh\K`. (( luiirtmnt), I.ilK'rty Mutual Insurance to, Itosloii, Mas. I \\ I i.ki . I Ik lltrut t I i(t Inner (. or|i , t ortlainl, N Y. / \ht/-t( ( i>innntt., 1\ ( \\ iMiiiw \hi K luiimwu). f*.dison (teiiera! Klcclric Appliance ( <i-. lH < iUc .,KH. Ill I" I \ki'\iii . 11 >1 m i Meeie llarvc'-ler Work-, lecrr X t o, Hast Moline. Ml I t. I mi in nii kmin. ( huA^n Hardware Votmdry to, North t hicano. HI l I htn it, ( ulornal katlio ( orp , Buffalo, N Y. Il.iittl, ( i ' >t11 > 11 (tti I >w R I Mi Moi 11 /( hinrnnnij, Pullman Standard ( ai M ami f at t nniitf t < > I ' i 11 Iman. ( Iih a^o, Ill I } ( . m i i n i , I i mkrn K' dirt I teat ( c , ( an ton, ( Milo Inilu r/rt,// ( 'imnii//rr \\ I Iik\us (C lunrnuin). Muln^an Mutual laahilit> ( o . I eiro,t. Mm I, \\ < 11 \ k i k. VVlitlin^ l oi |i , Ilarxrv, III K I hm^tin < .<n ham Manut;u turmi; t i>,klnivuioil, I'rovideiicr, K I ,Vrm/>lT(/n/> < t'liiniifft'i' i |- 1.ihiin (C luurnum), Scintilla Magneto I >iv . Itcndix Aviation t orp. Sidne\ . Y Y It \ f ik vini.i w, Htndix I `r<i<hit Is Miv, Itemlix Aviation t orp , South Ih nd, Ind \ I I \wkiNti Anient an lor^iuK X Socket to, Pontiac. Mnh r { nnninff,-, N \ H /in.) in (( Junrtmni). Ahiinninni t oinpain tf America, Ne* k'U'inylHii Work.. New Ken.m^ton, I'a I nos 1 > I \w , < >nrnta. I t<l . t >nenla. N Y M A / \< li \ ki. I lent \ \ < nt Machine t o , Ioutdie. K \ I'r.i./mni l ^miiii/i.y |- ( Stmiiihs, |k (( funrnunt), ('. Hauer X' Sous lliniic Manidar Mo niK ( i . Si 1 oiiis, Mo M f I h i oi \ \, ( ifnrr a! \ uutu an Trans jhh tat mn t orp ,(lut a>4o, III < S i * m ii i ii'-. Revere t opper liras-.. Inc, koine, N. Y. 1'ul`li.r/y ( I'ntmilfi'i' (i It l^itNiNt, ((htnrnt<w), International Ihisnic-* Machines (orp. I n.In on, \ Y I It k m r. 1 i-her ltotl\ ( levtland I )|V ,(.eneral Motor-. ( oi p . ( leveland, ^ >!**< M A M i I >os m 11, 1- i m I < n y;e ( o , hr ir, I *a hi'irnih.'tt ( ,tr<[ { oiiMui//tV I k (x (( hiiirtiitin) hanhanks Morse to. Hclmt, W,. ( \ Ml M o I K el .f\ ! I a \ (S \\ Ik el ( (* , Metroit, M U ll \ II I *i i ii i * w. 11 ar ni.i li fr^er l 'orp , M dwaukee,Wis ( ,>nninti,i- I' I ltk\Ni> (( lunrnuin Pullman-Standard f . Pullman, t Ii h a^'Ill It I Him. o\ill M ,n 1111 .K 111 n n^ ( o. W'alei Inn \. ( tain 1/, mh.r t <il / ( ar Manufacliirwf I M Hi kiiw. W t .It m ! Ittlnc ( 11 . ( Iik ago, III * I I * I low . \ \(i ]] uhl mi d Spool ( o , C I in a^o. III, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 18, 1939 Joint Meeting with the Automotive and Machine Shop Section (TIk- K'i|Hjrt of this Session wi|, ^ fo|11|,, I'aKo 252 of tUis Volumi) THURSDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 19,1939 Power Press Safety--Panel Discussion Tlif session was callc.l I,, or.lvr l.y (,e,,. ml Chairman H. 1-.. UockliofT, Developmen! Department, Detroit Steel Products Company, who presided while the report of the Nominating Committee of the Sectson was presented and officers elected for the coming year, A list of these, with acti committees, is given elsewhere in this neonl Chairman Rnckhoflf also made a brief nport of activities ol the Section and of (ommittee Chairman during the past year. He then turned the meeting over to Mr. I D Berman. Director of Safety and Hralth of the Western Electric Company, be, Hawthorne Works, ( Imago, who irtlided during the Land Discussion, to kirh the remainder of the session was bnlfd. Chairman Herman introdured the iitcinWo of the I'anel, as follows: T O. Meisner, Aoietiean Can ( oinpain . Chicago. Ci B. Tyhriug. International business lachines Corporation, Endicott, N. Y. F. J. Hiegel, Western Electric Comuaity C liicago. t-- Eouis Uoraks. Liberty Mtltnal Insur ance Company, Boston. N. V. R. Ziegler, Aluminum Company of America, New Kensington, La. J. C. Bower, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing, East Pittsburgh, Pa. CHAIRMAN BERMAN The first first question on the lineup is : "Should (Toggles Be Worn by Punch Press Oper ators?" We, are going to ask Mr. G. B. Tyhriug to discuss this question. After which, anyone else on the pane! may enter tfic discussion, and the question will also Uc open for members from the floor. MR. TY BRING: It occurs to me that llie answer is found within the question itself, by transposing the words to read, "Guggles should he worn by press oper ators." Wr all agree that goggles should he worn and the eyes should hr protected in any circumstance where the eyes arc exposed to living particles. There is no argument against that. ih \ til n <ihil \ <i I - I v < ;<// r v v I I I 1 I ' I < II I I I I I I I I I < V I I I k.' . I I H II I I \ I . I I C I I I I I . I ( hmg ln'Ui s and tlu haudhuv. >( UKt lit I > 11 M k ' ill i-i li.ii|v'(ik'tH.|lii' \^lrni **Hf I ^* l| I J| H .|l ' ITiilill.il Hill li.HK ll.lltl > .111'! the 11 .im 1 I 11 IU i>l lull I ''It ll>' h\ Mill I1MH \ Ml- \\ 1 I I .1 M W .1 - I III |>l. |\ I l I .III I II'- I 1 III 11 IIIH Iimiiin I lii mmim^ii fold the new ilrivn n<.( |m lilt nr in <x,cm. i.| ISO II,S anil to Imilil a ilnitr fin m 111K I In' shrimp house I lux w ,is ilmic, I.nt |he manager faded In illlik tl|> til sir if ll WMfkll! Mill sUltsf.il Inr il\ A (rw niiiiimixs lutei tin new Oliver was liltiMK (in* rnil ol tlir ft Ml It, block up atnl i-vit i hr 2 x t (fiiss iMiTiihei at the rear uf tin tin, k with his )>. k to the outside edge *t tin iimk bed this, of umrsr, was the wmiiK wa\ In hamlle the nr, which slipped ami staitiO iIuvmi the ehute A helper nit the gtnimd giuhlud at the sliding hlnik with Mr point nt his foii^s and the other pnmf stitiik th< drivet in the leg 1`nssihihlv "I a in in irn<r i.l this mishap was easily i Immi.itnl h\ i ultm^ the 2x4 the width "1 llir mi and plui mg 0 <u hinges so that I hr nr i < add shoot into tin chute instead >t being pulled min it \ short lime lati i m the '.tun dt'linl a <li i \ ii was tluvelmg min I h< miii at uImhiI I 10 ni the afliTiioon and fell ;eln|i Ills limk Ini a lomtrle bridge uhnlment, and hi was s(\(il\ nijiiinl Investigation ptoved that tins driver had hern getting up rvcrv da\ at l n'rlnek in tin* morning In deliver hi- to an od (amp and then working right m tint11 evening ll had been only a short time since a simitar problem had been worked out hv putting on an extra employer. A second a< i ident occurring for the same reason was )iis| too much A spceial investigation re vealed that this manager was not on t)r job and it became necessary to lake drastic act h >n If he had !>ecn giving proper supervision by making the rounds with the employees, lie would have detected the safety violation and could have corrected it, thereby avoiding these accidents These three eases clearly illustrate what will happen to men when tliev do not have proper supervision . iPJOUl\ NMI'.NT Rubber Section Cue-Chairman in ( harge <>/ ..1.`..r.a...gvriatmm--nrRny WKuhMlieour sei , Toe ! Akron, Ohio Secretary--Oiixi* Hopkins, l' S Rtihlier Co. Providence. K I 'reS'On0 1 'll- ft Rubber C,, A'l'ii r Letter l.ilitnr--C VV Duotui, < Hiio Rnhlier Co , Willoughby, Oliio l.nqinerring l omnuttee l hinrnuiit- Is m PH S. 1`AkNUH, D. S Rubber I n Detroit, Mull Health Committee-lhi. W. S Asm, (I S. Kublicr Co., IVtioit. Midi Dk IV A. Davis, Tin- Goodyear Tire .V Kublier Co, Aku.ii, (Him 1 )k. | Niwion Sum i v, Arrow Mulu.-il Liability lusmance Co, Watertown, Mass Membership Canttutllee ( hairnum -- K M WriMFR, 1 lie Das ton Rubber Manufacturing Co , Dayton, Ohio. IVi/inlv iomiinttre ( hairman -John I. I.kihh, American Hard Kubbei ( ,, lUilIrr, N J Statistics Committee Chairman Kmianii Kasiui, ll S Rubber C r> Ness Vork, N Y Members nt Large-- John I Lone. Tlu1 General Tire & Rublicr Co, Akron, (Him J F, i.ovAS, D. S. Rublicr Co, l'assaic, N J W. H MacKav, Dunlop Tire ft Rubber Curp, IhifTalo, N Y JIrran I. Mot PR, Inland Div , General Motors ( orp , Dayton, I Hno Wii.i iam Si'ANToN, American Hard KiibUr Co , Akron, Oliio I'ahi Van ( i>>k. Van Clecf llrotlirrs. CliiraKo, III I) G Wf.i.oi, Hcwill Kuhlier ( orp, Buffalo, N. Y Last General Chairmen-- K. W. Bkck, U. S. Knldwr Co , New York, N Y. A M Dhtz, lYnnsylvania Rutilier Co , Jeannette, l'a ( F Horan, JIihuI RnMier Co , Watertown, Mass I T Kioniy, Tlie Goodyear Tire ft Knldier Co. Akron, (Him II A VV si K1 w, Tlie Goody ear Tire ft Rnlilier Co, Akron, (>|uo Officers 1939-1940 t.n,-ml Chairman --U. W Mono-, Tlie Firestone Tire ft Until., i l irr ( luurm.m in Charge ../ Vrtigram (ti i\'i R Hoi-kins, (' s K I ( v , \kt i>ii, f >lun S Kuhhei ( t>. rrovideur 'rcrelary--C W Umnn, Ohio Knliln r Co , WdlmiKldiv, Ohm Vhvj Letter Ltlitnr- -llAi.eii S. I;arnhm. U. S. Kuhher Co., Delroit. Midi ^ntllerriHg ( amnnttee Chairman--1C G. Wnm, Hewitt Unhhcr Corp . Health Committee--I >R W S Ami (Chairman), U S. Ridilier Co, Drlroil. Midi Huffaln N Y P A. Davis, The Goodyear Tire ft Ruhher Co.. Akron, Ohio l)i J. Nfwton Siiirikv, Arrow Mnlual Liability Insurance Co., Watertown. Mass. Wtmhership Committee Chairman--fmiN I. C.riiifr, American Hard Rubber Co Hull VJ. NWirily Committee ( hoirman -R M Wumvh, I lie Dayton Ruhher Manufacturing ( IXyton, Ohio VlaAilirj Committee ( hatrman- C F. Dm. V1 S Rubber Co, Naugatuck. Conn. Member< at Large-- J I I.oc.r, Cicneral Tire ft Rrdiher Co , Akron, C^liio I K I.OVAS. e. S Rubber Co., Passaic, N.J. .'Sih Wilnnml Vd//7v ( inn/n'ts \V M M m K \ \, I 'i11il< i|> I 11 < X Kill*1 ic t < * t p , Unflaln, N N I m m \ n I M'ii i m . 1111 .um I I 11 v , l it nr i a I M oil >r ( m p , I >.i\ l< in.(Hu* > < I'm it ii\ki>. H.t 11 I ' .tin I Plant. I : S K ul ln r < < > , M idia w aka, I ml \\ m S i \ n 11' n \imiiuii Haiti K iiIiImt 1 o , A U 11 >n, ( >li in I'M'i \'\n ( im, \'.ni l lii I 111 . t hi< ago, III /'it / < / i`ri/*r ,)/ ( hntr in,' n I \V IW I K, 1 S kill.In 1 ( ... Nrw Vn.k, N V l\ A Miiiiiik.(>mIiihi\ l\i!ilMt(i>,<'famll\apiiW,Miili \ M Dim/. I Ynns \ Kama R uhher l t , Jcaniu Me, 1 `a ( I Human, IIu.mI Rubber ( u, Watertown, Mass I 1 Kium v, I In < .nniKrai Tit c & Rubf>er ( o , Akron. ()lnn. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17. 1939 I lip oprtung sen. Mon of llif Rubber See lion was calbd to <>t.bt b\ ( .t iirral ( hail matt K A lhilUuk, Personnel Director, I lir ( ofilmoy Rubber (ompany, (rand kapttls, Muli, who presided. Chairman Ihtll.Hk first made a luirf report of the at tivttirs of seitmnal loinmitlees <1 nrinK the past year, ami then intinduced I lie seheel tiled sprakers l Tn for t iiim I. I\ the formal paper to l>e pre sented on the subject of "( arlw>n Ictra `hh.ridc in the kuhhtt I mliiM t v" war not available, ami in Hi. ahsrii. e of the scheduled vpeakrt a spoil i|ts. iissioti ensiled I .<*`1 hv \Y l lli.t.l, r. isiiinnl Manager. I he t >hni knhhct ( oinp.tnv. Wil h <nglih\ , ( )lno, tins ills, tixvioti has hern summarize .1 l.v Mr l tf<r<l foj {hrsr lratis;nttons as fol I..W s Carbon Tetrachloride Problems It was pointed out that mam of llie small oinpames, m particular, have used carbon tetrachloride in wadies and solvents in order to reduce the fire amt explosion hazards to the j>eoplc handling these materials 'I'here is no question but that these same com panies have experienced a wave of carbon tetrachloride sickness as a tesult am! that there is room for considerable discussion as |n a solution to the problem Ventilation <.n h\rd installations tan re hue the fume hazard materially, but the problem of local and oftentimes unauthor ized use of earlxm Irt t acldorule for isolated foh-s still presents a real problem The question is, can a suitable control or a suitable substitute Ite found for l arlnm tetra chloride ? The discussion showed that many com panies have definitely experienced ill effects from the use of carlnm tetrachloride; to such an extent that many of the companies represented have prohibited its use in any form ami have substituted a standard clean ing colv-r.; known as Stoddard's Solvent or Solvent No 5, which is used commonly large quantities with complete safely in the cleaning industry Substitutes Dry Slowly This point brought up the fait that mam of the substitutes f.r earln.n lelrat hlorwk are very slow m drying and that factor has kept (heir use out of many operating Several representatives said, however, tk the difference was so slight as to lie nefl gihle and the advantage so great si warrant a change in the expected aper t nne No definite conclusion was reached though the majority of representatives that carlnm tetrachloride had !>cen eli"l from their use. and that hv correct the various substitutes under conditio! able to their peeuliai it ies, very satis results had been obtained. Another of representatives said that they hail satisfactory results from and that they were still faced with tht ard of carlton tetrachloride, part*m washes, though not so much in sole h'uhhrr Sr, lion 02.S By ERNEST W BECK j Supervisor of Safety, United States Rubber Company, New York City I he Nsina.t*i:o--n--a- l Saffe-ty < .mnnl today '.how*, the iuhher industry as third m severity ami fifth in frequent \ among thirty majoi in dtistries Uhdei the n>in! sp< .|\s. ti whip ' *f the Ullhlirl Section and tin ( Innmal Sccti.m, N S ( , a iiiuph'ti` njHut *n "Ihn/ol was tlrawn At the time of the organization of the Kuhlier Section of the National Safety t t.imcd in 1919 the ruhlier industry was retarded as a most hazardous one After 'ifTiitioiiH work and dose cooperation on the tail of everyone in the industry, in 1931 it stood hntli in frequeuey and ntulh in severity among twenty-eight leading indus tries. In 1936 we look fifth place on the lasts of frequency anil xrvrttth on the basis M severity in a list of thirty industries Our constructive work was really started twenty years ago when the Executive ComMice of the Ruhlier Section. N SC, promoted the written standard practice for "porting accidents. As a result our indus try can show accident figures for cotnparUive purposes as far hack as 1921. Annual statistical reports sfiow that the fmlominating number of serious accidents muring in the rubber industry were due to arltmery. Some of this machinery, such as IU. cannot 1* guarded at the point of ftration. With this in mind, the Executive Committer of the Section devoted coiisidffiMt attention In cooperating with iiuAmrry manufacturer*, electrical equipment oanufar hirers, r uhher manufacturers and IVparlmcnf' of f.ahor, on tfie subject drawing up a standard safety code cov- safety factors on mills and calenders, approved code was printed in March, and distributed as recommended p-adtrf ad<o>'inr ** *- w 'c- up au*l icci ivcil n.itmnal n tugmtion I he Rublnr Scctit*n, through its annual meet ings, has given publicity to outstanding authorities on such subjects as "Compound mg Materials Used in the Rubber Industry,'* "Static C.lectrit ity," "Vulcanizing." `'l ire and I >ust Hazards in the Rnblter Industry," "l >igesterx," "Hazards of Reclaiming," "Oc cupational Skin Diseases." etc During (he past \ear our Rubber Section recognized the importance of revising Safe Practices Pamphlets RU-I and RU-3-- "Compounding Materials Used in the Rub ber Industry " The work is in charge of a committee of which Dt W. A. Uibbons, United States Rubber ( ompany, Passaic, N J , is chairman Inasmuch as many rub ber manufacturers are hesitant to use com pounds which are not listed in the Safe Practices Pamphlets, it becomes a matter of concern to both the manufacturer and user that correct information regarding the later chemicals now in use in rubber compound ing he classified and listed A large numl*r of questionnaires have hern sent out to both manufacturers and users of rubber chemicals, and the work of this committee will assist materially in the safe handling of certain chemicals anti compounds. In the development **f the Rnblter Sec tion safety program an excellent spirit of cooperation was created among llic safely engineers of the indu*ir\ Rubber com panies while C'miciii<.* in the marketing *h** ' tm *- v1ir\ - \ft j* "* - ~Li.n^ n.v it - nrr-- v- >-- m wil* .*. ' - K. an oar* 7*"- rr vd n irr*. n ire it akndcr rolls among the employee* "t number of companies which I The survey covered a spread of wptovers and an exposure of more A100,000 manhours worked each m a total of 165,000,000 manhours These same ruhlier companies re- Wl one accident at the bite of mill with a cost*11f $8S0 ....... .` ' 1 - ' C i iTU;"f problem as the accident com mi large rub- lcr companies over a period of IS years shows that much less than 1 per cent of the total expense was paid for occupational disease, including chemical hazard*. We seldom hear of a ease of lead, benzol or aniline poisoning in our industry The fact that many large rubber companies carry their own compensation insurance has tended Ml \V//j National Safety ( nngress U approved. am) .ill.i) \ MV On HIM ni.lllve .tii'WCfIhr showing m i i v .1 ait l'fai)ial)\ Hi- . I ) i.u iK V\. .I' a-' th.u tl a cn \ good dwu >^tuu'*n w i<li f * m i l.i r' <li-( (i v'm it t Im-I' np*.n '\li am) that it would he to the advantage* fVCtMUH' to consider it froW (hat 1*01111* ur^, mil onl> in eonsiderat n >ti of sah| laiiof' Iij( in evrrv condition with w h<i 11 if f<uemail ha" fn deal Steam Railroad Section Officers 1939-1940 tnJOUKNMI- A'7 ul Chairman--H I. JIfnry, C l>i< -k ft Norlli VVrslrni Hailwa) to, ( linng,,. III (Chairman--O G. Hum I lfs, Wafiasli Railway ( n, Si Filin'., Mu tlnry and Nnt t l.ilter I titlar -- I' F IIiumf, ( lut k<>. Him lingltm & Kailmail Co. Oiiragn, HI om Chairman. J R. Tfnnfy. Western Maryland Kailway G>, Hagerstown, Mil bership Chairman, Robfrt Si ott, Allaniir Coast Fine Railroad In, Wilmington, N C. lies Chairman, T. H. ( arrow, Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa til Chairman, C I- FaFountainf, Great Northern Railway, St Paul, Minn tr Chairman, F ]. IIfnson, Chicago, Milwaukee, St Paul Kt Pacific Railroad Co, Olicago V Practices Pamphlet Chairman, W J Wfii , Delaware, l.ackawaiuia & HmUon Kail ul. Scranton, Pa. -malie>ir <s- fileelinnx Chairman, W C Siifi.vfk, l Inion Pacific Railroad Co, Omaha, Vli 'Ik CkatFmon, 1 >*. Irvinc. S ('min, ( Inragn fc North Western Railway Co, Chicago. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 IV aliening session ot Steam Railroad --Ics was called to order hj F. I y. Assistant to the General Manager, -ii ft North Western Railway ( oni pany. t lncago. who picsided t hairman llenr\ welcomed the delegates, sketched the program of sessions hrielly, and then in troduced the first s|n-aker Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Railroads By CARL R. GRAY, JR. Executive Vice President, Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. TVrc is one thing in which I will not a hack seat for anyone, and that is the st 1 have in "Safety." Perhaps it is fiom inheritance that 1 gather my inin this work- -perhaps from the cu nt and association I have had with who believe in safely, who preach if, hn practice it constantly. Perhaps it from the standjioint of realisation that iow of the greatest factors in the so of the transportation problem. Hut r it is one or the other, or a part of l know that 1 am definitely, completrh holcheartedly devoting a considerable of my life to the improvement--hy safety--of the lives of all of our jicople. Naturally 1 should be most interested in the safety performance of the Omaha Rail road ; hut one cannot lie safety-minded and fail to recognize and !>e interested in and a part of safety as it is understood in the business world today. One has hut to look at tin* program of this C ongress to realize what a tremendous place safety has taken in the lives of the American people, for it permeates tin* very souls of so many of its. If is, and has licen, a complete success. I irad all I can concerning early American railroading flerr is a clipping from an I'.nghsh ne%\spa|ver of March (*, 1H60, quot- 045 Safety Exposition Exhibition Hall--A. C. Auditorium Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial Safety Equipment kerne Protection Equipment Co.. Inc , Pittaburgh, Pa Gas Masks. kmerican Book Co., New York, N. Y. School Book Publishers kmerican Chain A Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Manufacturers of Wire Rope, Chains ami ('bain Products Imerican-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection Equipment, kmerican Optical Co., Southbridge, Maas. Head atul Eve Protection Products, Safety Clothing. tauach A Lomb Optical Co., Rocheater, N. Y. Safety Goggles and Safely Lenses tear Manufacturing Co., Rock Ialand, III. Vehicle Inspection and Correction Equipment India Product! Diviaion of Bendix Aviation Corp., South Bend, Ind. Automotive Equipment. Steering Stabiliser, Brake Testing Equipment Shoe Co.. St. Louia. Mo. Men and Women"* Safety Shoe* R. Browne Manufacturing Co.. New York. N. Y. Safety and Special Purpose Eights ami I .amps. H. Buhrke Co., Chicago, 111. Safely Equipment for Construction and Maintenance ha Wellcome A Co., (U.S.A.) Inc., New York, N. Y First Aid Kits and Medical Equipment Iphoil Co., Dallaa, Texaa. Foille for Burns and Industrial Wounds. Ckilda A Co., Inc., Pittaburgh, Pa. Udustrial Safety Shoes. Cleveland Overall Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Safe Industrial Work-Clothing and I'ni forms. j Hoiat Co., Danville, 111. Ceffing Hand and Electric Hoists. ea McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. ABoy Steel Sling Chains and Safety Hoists. 1 Cover, South Bend, Ind. (aspirators and Rubber Safely Goggles :ck-Terry Shoe Corp., Lynchburg, Va. Uustrial Safety Shoes. Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Bnt Aid and Industrial Safety Equipment. Dockaon Co., Detroit, Mich. Bead and Eye Protection Equipment. "Engineering Corp., Chicago, III. Ike Extinguishing Equipment. 715 7l<. 'A//1 \tth<<ihll \\tfst\ ( K I du Pont dr Nemours & Co., Inc , Wilmington, Delaware. M .11 n I t ,i* I 111 I I , I \ i i j M lit v' \ HIImIm l\ Itliln l .Hid l*io i ck I I ^lld < I < .un F.agle Globe Royal Indemnity Companies, New York. N. Y. i\ 1 iiw ii it < i n ic. \ 11 fin H ! i r. 1'inlrr rind hitlers Service, t a^ualtv I nmii am c Kagte Signal Corp , Moline, III I v>ik;n.d- .m<l t i >i 11 r < il 11 i ' Klhott Service Co , New York, N. Y 1 ' r mih ! i< >n ! !- lln ii in \ .ind Charles K Ernst, Inc., Buffalo, N Y 11 t \ ll.ii k I .ind ! >i mu Mar id 11 ok I' (|Uijmm ii f Fairway Laboratories, Inc , St. Louis, Mo. v'.di I aldt h and 1 'is|>niM o l innell System, Inc , Elkhart, Ind. 1 It . i r h 1 ti m n \1 an il t n.iiii e l a |in pun nt and t nii)M hiihK. Franklin Research Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 1 ItMir Mamlniamt Material Har ley - Davidson Motor Co., Milwaukee, Wis. I \ dice \|(i|HMnlc\ Ser \ i ( arc anti Acccs.nries Hoof Products Co.. Chicago, IN. M>t<n Vchu U Speed ( tinlrtd t iovernnr> and Brake F.vr'* Mynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Mrm nrt*t hmint Fir\itl Anti'optic, I banti* Lozenges Indian Motocycle Co., Springfield, Mass. I * dk t Mt.it.j. \ It anti F t(inpincnt Industrial Gloves Corp., Danville, 111. II n 1 ii i ml Sa 11 I \ < Ini lung Industrial Products Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. 1 in I n sl ii.d S.t 11 i \ l< | in pint-ill Insto Gas Corp., Detroit. Mich t p.i>. < >prrated I on lies and Furnaces International Chain & Manufacturing Co., York, Pa. 1 i ig lvt inftrt d I 11 r ( Fanis International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. H \ I t Sa fel \ Sin cs. Juvenile Wood Products, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind. Automobile Safclv Scat'* for Children. Kar-Tell Spot-O Parking Meter Co., Portland, Oregon. Automatic. ( at Mounted Parking Meters Kent Co., Inc., Rome, N. Y. F In iric I F,,-I St rubbing anti ( leaning F.tpiipmt nt. Keystone View Co., Meadville, Pa. ViMiaf Saft-tv I t Walter Kidde & Co.. Inc., New York, N. Y. Fur I 'i olei t mu F tpiipun nl The Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Saictv ( lollnng ami lndiMn.il Goggles Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Leather and Rubber Safety Shoes. Lightfoot Schultz Co., New York, N. Y. Toilet Snap*; for Industrial Washroom Use. fulfi l v l t /*<* wfloir The Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co., Lima, Ohio. Nun Slip Soles and Heels Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago. 111. Automobile, Compensation and ( >nu ral ( astiahx ln-m am t i Lyon Metal Products, Inc. I Shower wav. Lockers, Shelving, I' * >!< 11 r ^ ( Fans The Martindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio Stretcher Cots Safety Road Signs, Krspnatoix foi Non 'hmi Dims Masury-Young Co., Boston, Mass. Materials for Finishing and Maintaining Safe Floors Thom McAn Safety Shoe Co., New York, N. Y. Thom McAn Safety Shoes. Medical Specialties Co., Indianapolis, Ind. The Hargcr I )runkometer. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Life, Health, Arcidcnl, Pension and Croup Insurance . Milbum Co., Detroit, Mich. Protective (Team for Prevention of Occupational Skin Diseases Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Appliances and First Aid Materials The Morse Magneto Clock Co., New York, N. Y. Watchman's Clocks The National Conservation Bureau, New York, N. Y. Safety F.dticatinn, Traffic Flnforcenu nl am! Industrial Matmal National Production Co., Detroit, Mich. Wire Rope Sling Clamps. National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III. Posters, Bureau of Information, Research ami lvltiealion Division Oakite Products, Inc., New York, N. Y. Industrial Cleaning Materials and Methods Occupational Hazards. Cleveland, Ohio. Trade Magazine Dealing with Occupational Hazards. O H. Packwood Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo. Safety Hand Soaps for Industrial Plant Use. hnther-Panco Rubber Co., Inc., Chelsea, Mass. Safety Soles and Heels. TVe Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Ladders and Scaffolds hiimo Safety Corp., Huntingdon, Pa. Luminous Markings for Highway Safety. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Devices for Hazardous 1m|IimL Nlmotan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. I Industrial Safety Products PiMfreenMe ManaunfaucfatucrtiunrginCgoC..oD., eNnevwera, rCk,oNlo.raJd. o. FInirdeuPstrroiatel cStiaofnetyF'tP|tnropdmuccntsl fcrmelin Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Welding Fume Collectors, Exhaust Fans, Cloth Type Dust Collectors. 717 71K _\\lh Ntilional Sofcl v ( nnfiic.\.\ Safeguard Klectnt Co . Inc , Brooklyn, N. Y. Sin m k jr i > f 1 'i *i t aide l.iim|* The Safely Clothing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. InduM i ial S.h-K F quipim td Safety Kngmeering. Alfred M. Beat Co., Inc , New York, N. Y, Safety, 1 utfi'n < i uik." 111s-111 .iii' c I'iiMiianil Reports The Safety Equipment Service Co., Cleveland. Ohio. (-<-KVlc'' .mil Ml Ixpr-.d \tinlrnl rrrvrnliim l\<|mpimhl. Safety First Shoe Co . Holhston. Mass. ;-t f *-1 \ Sliur- Safety First Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. liHltiMti.il ami Mmmipal Safely Products Safway Steel Scaffolds Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Salwa* Steel ^i.illold Krjuipinent W. H Salisbury A Co., Inc , Chicago, III. l inemen's KuMirr Protective Device* The Sanitary Institute of America, Chicago, 111. ^trrili/nl IikIiiMhaI WipthR ( lothv A Schrader's Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pown Crr-- Pmnncitn Saf<l\ I onliol I Vvutn A Smith A Son, Inc , Philadelphia, Pa. Serves S| r I t, )|, I s .,,,,1 ( ail v.In Special I If" The Spencer Turbine Co., Hartford, Conn. I in Ium r i .i I \ .K mint t I cane i - ami I hist ( ollcct n hi Im | input enl Standard Safety Kquipment Co.. Chicago, 111. lndiisHi.il >ahl\ Ivipupmcnt Stonehouse Signs. Inc., Denver, Colorado. M i nl nl Pre\cn!niii Sibils and I The Strauss Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safru Hilimc .md Safel\ Pills Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, W. S. Mich. Industrial Simjk The Surty Manufacturing Co.. Inc., Chicago, 111. Point >t t fjicr.ifn m <uaid< TraflRscope. Inc , Minneapolis, Minn. Me \ i* v fin \ ('uritnimii' I ratin' at II ill ( rest Trimont Manufacturing Co., Inc., Roxbury (Boston), Mass. Safety Steel pipe Tools U. S Hoffman Machinery Corp., New York, N. Y. Portable or Permanent Piped Vacuum ( leaning Systems Wahlert Products Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety and Fire Protection Fqmpnient Weaver Manufacturing Co.. Springfield. 111. \utomotivc 'Fesiing Equipment West Disinfecting Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Pr.nlmts for the Promotion of Industrial Sanitation Wdlson Products, Inc., Reading. Pa. Personal Protective Devices INDEX A Accident Statistics: Accident Statis'u* in the World of Tomorrow (Kossoris), 78 82 Industry's Experience with Accident Cause Codes (Forney), 83 86 Value of Accident Statistic* (Braun). S02 AO). Aods: Safe Handling of Acids and Caustics in the Metals Industry (Campbell), 441-448 See also Chemical Industry; Chemicals. Aeronautical Section: Minute*. 225-238. Officers, 22S. Aeronautics: Airport Supervision (Mueller), 229- 231 Maintenance of Airplanes for Student Training (Down*). 225 227. Safety in Service Flight (Giles), 233 235. Traffic Control- A Vital Factor in Airport Safety (Aldworth), 231-233 Training of Students (Povey), 227 229. Transatlantic Flying (Van Pusen). 236 238. 'After the Whiatle Blows": OfT-the Job Accident* and What They Are Costing Companies, 530. Campaigns, 149 162. See also Public Safety. Ainsworth. C.: The Inspector What Manner of Man Is He? 69-72 Air Conditioning: Air Conditioning and Its Rela tion to Fire Control (Wheeloclc), 43-49. Aldworth, Major R.: Traffic Control A Vital Factor tn Airport Safety, 231-233. AS.S.F.--Engineering Section: Minutes, 239 243 Officers. 239 240. Annual Meeting of Members, II 26 Amimony: 61. Applejr, L. A.: Selling Safety, 584-586 Aremc Compounds: 61. Automotive and Machine Shop Section: Minute* 245256 officers, 245-246. Automotive and Machine Shop Power Pres* Sec tions^ Joint Session^ 252 256. lCnn- Cl.in-' Sri Ki-wnhU lltvwrn. IV J Handling of S tai Hulled Slu'd*. 4 t J 4 14 Hiauu, l- W : Value of Aindeut Statistic*, M)2 504 Buck: Sec ( lay Pioducl* Bryan, H I.,: How Fai < an We tin Without Management in Developing and Maintaining a Sati*factory Safety Program? 678 680 Bulletin Board*: Bulletin Board* and Safety Re minder Display* (SolenMen), .'72-377. Burn*-. Safety Precautions Employed in the Manu facture of Hydrofluoric Acid, 282 283, 295. c ( adtuiunt: 61, 2 17. Callaghan, C. 1C: Safely in Marine Opctatiou* hirst, Cast and Always, 362 363 Cameron, D.: This Job of Safety, 252-256 Campbell, R. W.- Safe Handling of Acid* and Caustics in the Metals Industry, 441 448. Carlou Disulfide; Safe Practice in the Viscose Rayon Industry (Ch*uut), 686 689 C.tibou Monoxide: 219 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Mayer*), 65 6K ( at bon Tetrachloride: Carbon Tetrachloride Prob lent*, 624 Caustics: Safe Work with Can-tic Soda or Sodium Hydroxide, 444 447 < 1-111011 Industry: Analysis of Cement and (iuarry Accident Experience (CrCore). 2S8-261 Building Safety into the Plant. Discussion, 261 Cement and Ouatry Section Minute*, 257-271. Officers. 25/.258. Chant. D. B.: Progress and Activities of the (Paper and Pulp) Section, 479 482. Chemical Industry: Causes of Chemical Plant Ac cident*, 296-297 Educating the Chemical Worker (Sevren*), 291 292. 295-296. B lack Injuries: See Health Haiards ftakeries: See Food Industry. lalmer, A. M.r Health Education Methods Used by Industrial Nurses, 115-117. lanquet: 27-28. ger, 504 506. lateman, t>. C.: Aim in Metal Mining Safety, 473-475. I(1en, C.: Magic and l ire, 52 54 Veil. E. W.: Progress of Safety in the Rubber industry, 625 627. ftrklev, R. Safely in CnnMrm lion at ibr New York World'* Fair, 305 AJ0 trader, C. (I.: The Safe Handling of Packaged Material*. 324 129. Imriaes: See Food lndn-tr\ kn, W. P: Procurement fn*j>eciion and Serine Inspection of Respirators, l/J-179 Bakcdrr, H. N.: Safety in the Petroleum Indu* trv 540 552. fc^. M.: How to Insucct Crane*, 163-168. %: The Detection of External Corrosion in Boilers (Royer), 168-172. Safety in the Chemical Industry Panel Pis cussion, 281 283. Salety Precautions Employed in the Manufac ture of Hydrofluoric Acid, 282 283, 295. Safety Training of Undergraduate Chemical Stu dents (Znerh), 292 294, 296 298 The Selection of Safe Metals for the Design of Chemical Equipment (Faragher), 276 279, 294. See also Chemical*. Chemical Section: Comesi, 279 281. Minutes, 273 298 Officers, 273 274 Chemical*: Safe Handling of Acid* and Caustics in the Metals Industry (Campbell), 441-448. Safe Handling of Metallic Sodium (Dunning). 28 t 287. 204 Chesimt, \V II : Safe Practice iu the Vi*co*e Rayon Industry. 686 689. t hronne Arid 61. ( lark. H. S : Safety Problem- Faced in Bitumin ous Coal Mine*. 4 5 1-454 < lav Products: I* There Enough Silica in the Average Fire Brick to Affect Workers Seri ou*ly/ 14 t. Clothing: Do Companies Make an Effort to Stand ardise Work clothing? 521-522. Policy of Press Operators Wearing Cdorea, 579580 See also Legging*, 719 7J0 JSlit \ ti t it i ti it! .S(i/7v ( nut/rcw '' 1 I 1 ' I I H.HM In ................ .. | n 1111 ' i i , K . 111 ir l ^ * mii-I r il< ........ I ' r I >1 r i, i s. i I 'Hi m h At.A I1 f v 11 r 11 1 . II "> If. "-'Ir I 11 r c | K i 111( ...........................- | S In I It i .1 U i . Ul| til ^ a t r t \ | 1111 r ' in I Ii^ uf (It * l l.i. U min iik I ` ( N, hi.......uei i. ' Ml ' I ' s' a 11-1 \ ................ ..................... aI ihr New \ i>* V. \\ oil.Is I a i l I Mr 1i lr y > . 'O' 'III v-4fn% I ..wrrs ( .,vi .hi < oiivi i in t mmi I ' r 11) r < M iHr.kl, HI II? Wliai Air <hu A c i nl. n( Viati-lti < for 1'MH' < ''.Milr ). 100 on ........... ............... Smiiiii Mm, ok*. "0 ' 17 ` fti. fi>, ."i1) ton < niiimr Awinli Vr(nn Krw4fi)r (Mctrger), 123- I ( li r 11111 a 1 Sfi lion, ? 7 ' .'H| Dst* m ilir I'apri In.liiMiv Safely ( imti'l ( | i, SIS Sin M a i m i r Sr. don. I (.* M r i .i I Sn firm, IIS 410 I '4|'f r a nl I hilji Sn r inn ( I >r M Ini > ). 5 16 5 I 7 I'rtrolrtnn Srilmo. ^'i J SSI Presentation of thr < I inwili. 5 |8 Paper Industry Award I'nliln I'tiliiic* Sr.lion, SOS S9ft KiiI.Kr r Sfduin, ft I S Slnnilil Salely SliniH ami ( nnlrsls Hr Included m the Accident I'm rulioii Program? 404 4I(S see alvi Krwanlv < miwiy, J M Management'* Altitude on Indus dial Nursing Srrvn r, I I 7 I 2 I o'l-* ami Monry Savmga Kffec 11 v rnesv of Safety Work 'M 55, *iaor I I ow to I nv|.f-1 t ( r a nes (Blum), I ft I t (.8 s-fe ( c a nr Maintenance (Srlmurr*. 417 440 ''air ( f .Ilir I Imi iliuin (Darhakrr). 4 14 4 4 7 * nrdv I \\ Ini r * 11 g a don of A< ((dent* Involi mg N| aintr nance of h <|Mi|imr iit I ncoinolivM. I t.f, t.t.H D I lam' Srr t iiiiMllKlnm Industry. Dathakrr. I M ' Safe < rane (>jezation*t 444 447 Darr. M \V How to Handle Safely Effectively with Management, Supervise** and Men. 41? 4I A ssafrt\ Program That Works 18- 48ft I las is. |i, p A : Hum* in Ihe Kuhher lndmtt\. (OH ft4 I 1 I, Rim *. I A Presentation of National Safely t oimk it Trophies (Paper and Pulp SrclioiO, s I (, s I 7 Demolition Safely Lower* Co*t in Construction P.o,r< is (Meek). 4|3 3 1 7 I dt in a 1111 Srr Hrallh Hazards MrifctiiM Srr Gases l>iVir. A J \t,\ Publicity A Servant to Safety, IM Itirif, A M : Knife Outs 633 634. I toolrv. ( K How t an Job A>taly>* anil Merit Hating Program* Help Solve Accident Prr vmiim* Prol>lrm<s? M)H 5(S ll.oigb Miiloor* S,r I nod ln.|ii*lrv Dowd. A s. nit l>ati mm thr pi 48 40 Paper Indus M > S.ifr, v t i,,ili d. s|S M/, )' i r v, 111,11,,,, ,,f i|,r p.ipef linluslrv Award. 0 8 I ln*ii, t, \| M iinlru im r of /\ I f jd.SMr-s fnr Sdl dr 111 I i ,ti in ok, 7 ' *7 l*rdKMig Safe liirdutii: I pc r 111n (Shinn.in', in I Ul; I'oMkrr. 1lr ( K K. io.irks ini Pole Top Rrsm . iiaiioo. M)2 r.lls f burning, f W Safe Handling of Metallic So iliiiin. .'8 I jg;( .> i Husin- Hum* in the Rubber Industry (Davis), 638 (4 | Health Hazard* in the \V oodworking I ndu*d v I S,, yr , s , /.!> f (,!)(, H Ihrte Knoiigh Silica m the Average Vue Brick to Affect Workers Seriously? 143 E I ' Mimiim ' uf Si f I y Accident ( ost s; SSI I lie Hivi.lrnd* of Accident Prevention (Holme*). IM t ,r. K. . ,,rd of Hrthlehem Steel < . 421 'safety A formula for lltituan and Industrial 1'iogre** (Whitney), 26^ 264 ''afeiy Lower* Co*t on ( nn'truclion l`roject ( Meek). 413 317. hdination of Workmen: Kdiicaltug the Chemical Worker (Sevren*), 291 292. 29S 29ft h.ducational Problem* m Manufacturing Plant* ( Hu*i). S .4 7 I orrmanvlup Tr. irung the lundanirnlal* and kffrei--- 'etliod* Involved ((iardtner), 194 PiH ^election, Tratning ami Sujierviaion of Sea*ona1 Kinployce* (Milltcan), 618 622. I he Technique of Training New Safety Men ( Hismger), SS4 *SS7. fidrnhach, 11 : The Safety Movement a* Related (o the Legal Profe**ton, 445 J47. hdevator*: Kactors of Safety in a Factory Klevator Other Than Itrapection (Keppetl), .495 .499 h.liminating Mechanical C'auaea of Accirlenta Se *inn: Panel l)i*cu**iont 2 41. Kmjdoyee*: How Can a Safety Program Be Made the Ba*t* for Building < .ond Will Among F.m plovces ? 422 424. The Human Side (Pavli*), 506-508 h.inplovre*' Meeting*: t*roup Safetv Meeting*. 421V 42 1 Kmployeea Selection: Selection. Training and Stipervi*ion of Sea*onal Kmployre* (Millican). ft I 8 622 Kmplnyee* Training: See kducatinn of Workmen T"(ju'eenng Accinent Factor* (Self), 367 372. ( mu dination nf Knginerring and Safely (Ha** Ir r >. 40`* 4 I J fugnirrrs llnw to Handle Safety F.ffectively witk Management, Supervt*or and Men (Dart), 417 431 ''Safety Training of Undergraduate Chemical S(u</ert(* (/nerbi, 292-294, 296-29H. Fugute Room*: Refrigeration Kttgine Room Hu- aril* and Their Flimination (Peter*), 612 61' hngine*: Problem* in Starling Oil Field (la* Ft* gtne* (Taylor). 547 5,40. Fvans, ( Jr : Safety Problem* Faced in Anlhra cite Coal Mining, 455-457. K*ecutivr<: See Management kxluhtt*- Bulletin Board* and Safely ReminrW* Hi*plav* (Solen*ten ), .472 477. I.i*t of F.ahihilor* of Industrial Safely Fqvip- ment. 715-718. Safetv in Construction at the New York World** I'air (Belilev), 305-3 10. L*p(osve*: Safe Storage nod Handling of Fa plosive* (Fi*her). 264-267 hye Protection: See (toggle*. F I .ur Sre- F.vhihil* I-.ill* )*rr*on*: Fall* and Their Prevention (W*6 met ). 6.10 611. I alls of Person* (Cratini*s), 111314 \\ b.K ( .in Be Hone to Prevent Fall* on FW Smf.nr* of Vitrified Biick> 10Q 401 I .if.igher, Hr. P V : I'he Srlettion of Safe Me*A for the Hesigii of ( hemic.il Ktjniptneul, IlF 270. 20( l-.iitgue of Metals: Detection of 1'law* in Steel aad Steel Part* (McCttne), 241-243. Fau*t, J. T.: Carrying the Safety Me*age t A* 92 per cent. 87-90 federal Department*: federal Aim in Mine HaltNp ( Finch). 161 46 \ I 'cimclf. D D.: The American Railroad** hution to Safety in America, 671-67' Unity in tha National Safety Program, 11 11 Jndrx 721 i rrf r t l*nle 2 I 7 field, (nui K S.: Recent Improvement* ut Amer irau Ship* and Personnel, 359-362. Luch, J W.: Federal Atm in Mtne S*(ety, 461 4ft 1 lirtrli R A : Safely in the U*e nf Fdge Tools, 7(44 707 Inc ( ontiol and Prevention Se**ton 4154 tire Protection: Air Conditioning and It* Rel.. lion to Fire Control (Wheelock), 43 40 Drr Safety A Panel Utu, ^9-52 Magic and Fire (Bawden), 52 54 Fitit Aid: Firat Atd for Quarry Workers (Thomp son l, 269 271 Fir*! Aid Technique (Suhin). 134 117 First Aid Training, 152-154 tuber, C. II : Safe Storage and Handling ol F.a- plosive*. 264-267. Heck, A. B.: Safely lowers Coat on Construction Project*, 313 317. Moors: Slippery Floor* in Canning Industry, 331- 332. Treatment of Floor* and Stairway* to Prevent Slipping, 400 401. What Can Re Done to Prevent Fall* on Floor Surface* of Vitrified Brick? 399-401. Und Industry: Canned Good* (Mathews), 330 3.12 Dough Machine*. 36-37. The Safe Handling of Beverages (Wilson), 329- 310. The Safe Handling of Packaged Materials (Bender), 324-329. Syphilis Control and It* Relation to the Food industry (Russell), 321-324. I*od Section: Minutes, 319-337. Officer*. 319 321. foremen: Foremanship Tratning--the Fundamen tals and Effective Methods Involved (Gardi ner), 194-199. General Machine Shop Hacards and Correction (Sain). 246-249. Haw Can Job Analysis and Merit Rating Pro grams Help Solve Accident Prevention Prob lems? (Dooley). S09-S1S. Hew to Deaf witlt the Foreman Who Maintains that Accidents Are Bound to Occur, S21. The Human Side (Pavlit), 506 509 The Supervisor** Place on the Safety ProgramViewpoint of the Mill Manager (Barry), 504$06. Training Supervision in Accident Prevention (Uge), 641-644. fonasldehyde: How Muck Formaldehyde Repre sents Toxic Proportions? 145-146. fcrary, R. L,: Industry's Experience with Acci dent Cause Codes, *`-86. Mektling, Dr. L. H.: Industrial Hernia and It* (antrol, 103-109. wv See C,*e*. Noe*. Case* and Vapor* Session: 55-68. Mntr, G : Foremanship Training -the Funds 14e8ntal* and Effective Methods Involved, 194 wv Dangerous Concentrations of Sulphur Di aaide Gas, 146. letal Fume Poisoning (Sander), 60-64. Vedern Method* of Gas Detection and Control (Better), 55-60. Vrcific fistard* of Welding in Confined Space* (Shfglitr). 214-223. |msce Plant*: See Petroleum Industry. Imaa. J 1^.: Safety from the Viewpoint of the Bate Department of Labor, 392 395. *) Dr. J,. G.: Man's Mental Attitude*. |8ft G H : Wood Shaper*. 703 704 Lillies, IV B : Safety and Happine**, 460-461 t .Live*- See t Inthmg. <ni^d*nger, (4 F : The Investigation of Accidents Involving Maintenance nf Way. 661666 Lngglr*: Should Goggles Br Worn by Punch Press Operator*? '60 5/2 Should Goggles Be Won* hv Wood Room F.m ployees ? ^2' 526 '.ntiidev, M J : 5nnir I'larinal A6J664 of Safety, t .iivernniental Safely Service m ludnslry Sessiotr: ftO 92 t.rade ('rosong*: tirade Crossing Accident*, 651 6'8. t .rainiix*. F. R : Fall* of Person*. 1 1 1 334. Cray, C. R, Jr : Safety Todav and Tomorrow on American Railroad*. 645-6*0. Cro**. Dr. E. R. and Klauder. Dr J. V.: Derma titi* Control Proper ana Imnroper U*e ol Clean*ing Agent*, Soap and Other Detergent*, 01 10.1. tiu.mls: F'liminating Mechatvical ('atrse* of Ar-dent* Se**ion. Panel Discussion. 29 4! H Hand. R. F : The Employer** Attitude Toward Safety, 365 167, Handling Material.*: Handling of Flat Rolled Sheet* (Bowen), 4S2-4J4. Handling of Material* (Welch), 627 630 Safe Handling of Acids and Caustic* in the Metal* Industry (Campbell), 441 448 The Safe Handling of Packaged Material* (Bender). 324 329 Hands: Hand lnjurie* Among Men of Long Ex perience and New Employees, 528. Hand Injuries, Their Cause and Prevention (Plrak). 496-501. Harper, A. B.: No Secret Formula for Safety, 689 691. Hartman, R. M.: Diacuiaton of Rehabilitation Pro cedures, 471-47.3, Hassler. J. M : Coordination of Engineering and Safety, 409 412. Hatch, A. R.: Safetv and Manila Rope, 396 398. Health Hazards: Back Injuries from the Point of View nf the Safety Director (Stron*), 488 494 Back Injuries in the Paper Industry The Med ical Viewpoint (MacLaren). 482-488. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Mayer*), 65-68. OacUon Tetrachloride Problems, 624 Dangerous Concentration* of Sulphur Dioxide Gas, 146 Dermatitis Control--Proper and Improper Use of Cleansing Agents, Soap and Other Detergents (Klauder and Groaa), 9,1-103. Dust* in the Rubber Industry (Davis), 638 641. Engineering Control of Occupational Disease* and the Small Plant, 142. Engineering Pha*rw of Occupational Disease Control, 137 139. Hand Injuries, Their Cause and Prevention (Plrak). 496 501 Health Harard* (Syer*>. 694-69i8n. the Woodworking Industry How Much Formaldehyde Represent* Toxic Proportion*? 145 146. Industrial Hernia and It* Control (Frechtling), 103 108. I* There Enough Silica in the Average Fire Brick to Affect Worker* Seriously? 143. Metal Fume Poisoning (Sander). 6(3 64 Metal Spraying. 146-147 Occupational Disease Control Program, 135.(47 Oil Dermatitis. I4< Protective Cream* and l/Otion*. 139 140 Safetv Precaution* Employed in the Manufar inr* of Hvdrz'fluor tr Arid 7*7 ?h' <H>t ni JSlh S,ifrl\Cn<,rfSS II ,, ,d W * Ml' -i, , I M I II l l W. | t r ^ I ( 11 Sr % < I I r a 11 h S>U| <r I V I M I pi dil t I I* I M \Kdu.d "et I> m M. p IIF r ........ ..i b ly M p hM M X|,.U 9 1 |0H tl.e Health "f 11 1 l 1 1 ,.W mm It ,,i*ii y 1 on V). *. P *.4 1 i mg f. 'x 1 i \ "bo Mr, ! I I 4 Vrr ||. .Ill, M .1 /.,f dMry.lrn. h H ,n.| I Ilf,- I. , \\ K. I, ii,irli..n I'i ,,lilr . *> 4 I *>46 ft..bl,,( ,.,i F < f r Safety Movf mnil a* HrJafrd l* '~-lj.fr i 11 >r f A H > 11 * 1ti M..i, ii; i>i ..f A..i.Unt I'. !!,,, V. In....... ,,rr......... .I...........fo' 'vPrr ,,rr K 2r .-n. jn j .m>s M.uo to Flrmenl Nre IVnunal I'il, Ion Mtmian *x,d. ( Vtlrty'' Sm of four If'KHf' I I \ .I <I'oMtln2r0if2i. 5<>d v l'ifi .tiilimi* hni'lmr.l ili. M Ili.ll H lllfr Ii/ I I V d I '>H 11> 11 11 A' III, 2 M 2 IK.I Snlli.fr Safe 1'rai 1" <* K i \ < , |.1,1-1 c v (I lir-iinl '. the Vii.i or K Ka -tell, t ion |< l t >,n*tauding .mle*t, 6 14 6)5 k. own. R \K A How tom It, M;,.!,-' 7 1 78 k < --b f , Ht 11 11 N*` t-7 l/t) t* 1 , ,i.u1io, I( )or niJrolV I',r"odp. r I a lory li'pe> *. fir f. R . Derma an.) Improper I ?se ><f t l ,*-,nv Aiiiiip. Snap atd Other Detergent-. ) f ID t kKmi.-vueir*o, kMnifeI)t utA*- ntil'tlimelirlS, taMtisf tfu,sf| m ihc Wothl ,.f Tomorrow, 78 82 I .ihor Altitude of Hinmi C.rottp, 298. I a I outiiainr, C. t. Maiiirenance of F<|ttt|mrr>t l.;ir'i>( na,rs.Ct,f,HI t.70Investigation of Ar.ufents fttvolv I atigmltlgiMS, laRtm. nW- a:ndA SlHnraeg,o6f70S1a.7f1ety Tricks, 681 feathUeHri, Industries: Safely from the Viewpoint of the State Department of V.almr (Cettion). I.rathVe)2r 49InS.dustries Section: See Meat Parling. latming and Heather Industries Section I.cc, K I. : 1'ive Principles of 'safe Plant Upeta R.-ft t ' "t`1'11 > .d N%hmuk (D9 J2t f I. f *, r. f U Alleged Injuries, 492 494 flu I )etec t mu of F'.aternal Corrosion m Ibrilei* iK.>vrr), I i.H 172 fl..w should \ Factory Inspection He Made? i K row it). 71 7* flow to I r*>j.< <f Crane* (Blum). 161 168. 1 lir I i..r W hat Manrr of Man 1* Hr? Proi Aceidnu'wre'irilho). H6e9 7 F2 ollowed in Inspecting Me I .eggnttotgns. 24M9e2aSn2s of Preventing Picaroon or Worn! Hook Injuries to heet or Pegs, ^24-^2C CcCnre. f ).: Analysis of Cement and ^uant Accident Kpe fir nee, 2^8-261 l.ifting: Correct Methods of f.tfling. 491 laghlmg Mill lighting, S 20 S 21 * 522 l.ime Safe Work with t.ime, 447 448. I.oge, J J : Training Siif>ervisinn in Accident PIWrev"e.njtion. ;641l;64,4`.litl| Servicr in ,hr PM.* ' " Um liH..Mry in I9W R.pnr, ol . Sm. I'm, uIuuiirhem'r nTiooIlsn.sp5e2,c1ti5o2n4 and Service Inspection .f Respirators (Risk*). 17.1-179. What TiamiiiK Should a Factory Inspector Re i r i v r ? ( /iinmri ), 7V74. \\ liai Types of Tress Inspection Are Most Ff i-i-i-r(..-i,on.vsr >Sr\?'-Aim5?i 1, See Safely Inspectors Session I , 'timliini of Accidents Accident Factors < Self ). V.7 172 I ovrst'K^tion of Accidents Involving Mainfe- ii.uu r <>f K.pnpntenf Locomotive* (Curtis). I l1ir.1.1.I 1ii,1v.8r si tiH i<n of Ac, idents Involving Mam inwinf of Wav (Gnadmgrr), hi, Cf,6C> f m extigatmn of Accidents Involving Stations :,n| ''trr t I ,.1 r son ) , 670 1,71 \l.i,iiinuii(f of F<|uipmrnt Cars (1 .a Fnun Wlii.oimsrhio, u6l1d.x iI.n71v)estigate Acritlents? Why? How? Me McCune, ( A Detecliot) of Flaws in Steel and Steel Parts. 241 244 McIntosh, A P.: l uting the Safely Program Mactfh.aerrPnl.anDt rNe|e. dsH. t:.xHOa/..8kI Injuries in the Pf*f Itidn-irv The Medical \'i. wji.nnf. 482 IH4 M ID t KM I mo, m<l v*i<tI ldfrv. See Metal Industries Machine Shops: General Machine Shop Hi MainatnadinCinogrrIenctteiorenst(SinainS)a, fe24ty6:-2H49o. w Can a $ Program Be Made the Basis for Ruil Good Will Among Employees? 422 424. How to Stimulate Interest, 154-158. Stimulating and Maintaining Interest in uvis, W A Safetv in the Metals ln<Itisfry Panel |li,,nion, 422 4 42 I. Ah,iIm` Does Job Analysis Help Promote HoSw.,/rtl van* 1I0oIh rAt-|nalysis and Merit Rating Pro Kiams Help Solve Accident Prevention Prol, Inn- > <1 h...ley ). MIX 5 I 5 I In s | oh of f el v M .iiiimoiiI, 252 256 or-.. Paul (low ( an I'uhlnitv < aiitp.ngri* f'-,.l f- ffr. lively- for Safety? | .V. 129 He Se4e27a4ls4o2 Contests; Rewards; Safety Siva* Maintaining Interest in Safety Session: WJ lUL Maintenance and Repair: Detection of Flaw* Steel and Steel Parts (McCune), 241741 Malingering: See Injured Workers. Management: Building Safely nit,, the Plant f h,eM>Kxfmopil,lo2v6eIr's Attitude Toward Safety (H tl.x W.7 huh- v 71. , ,.,w , .................... \\ . I ... \\ ll ll.OII M -. ft. \, loping ami M^inlaimng jll-f.H t.,| V S.if, t y Pi ogi <m * t Mr van ), < * '.xh How to Handle Safely I'M.-. I. v-1 y wnl. M.m AgcuM-til, Supervisor and Men (Datr), 417 121 Management's Altitude *u> Indn-iri.d NiUMtig Service <t otiwav), tt7 121 Safety and llat>ptuesy (4hHir->. U.O 4.V Safely fiom the Kse. uitvc'x Viewpoint (l-i.i imirllrr), 608 611. Safely Kev Men ^IVirr,,n I. 4 57 4 59 Safely Problems l aced hi Anthracite t <>.,1 Mm tng (F.vansH 45S-4S7. Safety Problems Faced hi Bmimmmiv 5 al Mines (Clark), 45 1 454 Manganese. 21? Marme Industry: The Dividend-* f A,, idem Pi. vriitMMi (Holmes), 15) I5r, The Fmploycr's Attitude Toward Safety (Hand). 56^ 56? Ilarards ut l.ifltng and U.mdlmy \ta,him-rv m Stii|, ( tinsiruriioti (Morple). *81 l.ij I'r.ihfems in Marine Saf.tv (l.i\loi. Ill tl' I'lthlicity A Servant m Safvlv tHnVir), '.! 165 Krcent I tunrovr im-nt \ hi Amciii.m Slop* ..ml Personnel (1`ield), I5u 5r,2 Safely KngiMeeiing for Slcv,<l,>iiii 1 )pcr.iMun( Merges ), 1*1 15f Safely l eatnres Piovidrd on Amrii.;iii M. i,li ,m Vessels (Vukeryl. 178 .IMl Safetv it Mamie tlperaimns Vir*t. Always (( allaghan), 162 363. The Safety Mnvvment as Related to Profession I Knletih,-u h ). 1)5 117 )..,-i the l..-g,,l Safely Mtivement as Related In Ship llpci.ition* and Marine Insurance (Holden), 14? <5j Safety of l.ife at Sea (Wars, he I, 1Sfv Marine Set imn Cnntesi, lt2 Minutes. 119 1H*i Pftcers. 119 U1 Miriile, G K : Haaatds m l.ifting and IfAudlmu Machinery m Ship Construction. 181 1x2 Mattiner. V. H : Accident Prevention Measure* m Puerto Kuo, 9(1 92 Nlttinson, A ) Organisation ( Inde|,rndem*. 557 560 Hhws, H. W : Canned Goods. V10 112. H*ver*. Dr M. R.: Carbon hfotmside Pois,,umg. 65.68 Urals, C. J) Safety and Wire Rope. 188 189 Vrat Packing Industry: What ( an Be Hone to Prevent Falls on Floor Surfaces of Viirilu-d Brick? 199 401. But Packing, Tanning and Feather Industries Section: Minutes. 19f 405 OfRcers. 191 192 Unheal Service See Health Snpci vt*i.m loirr, F G Modern Method* of non, ** 1.0 H, t. c B*al Ftinie* t'eser. See Health lla/ard* Bn*l Industries- Handling of Mat Molted Mic.-t* (Bowen). 4.12-4.1-1 Helal Fume Poisoning (Sanderl. 60 64 Me Crane Maintenance (Schnure), 4.17 440 ^fe Crane Operations (Harhaker), 414-417 Sfe Handling of Acid* and Caustic* in the Petals lmlu*lrv (Campbell). 441-448 Safety in the Metals Industry Panel Discussion 422 412 A Safety Program That Wotks (Darr), 182 181. Spraying: See Spray Gnaltng Section Contest. |5 |) r. Buuttes, 407 4 18 rets. 407 109 er. A H Awanl* \ * r*u- R,atd*. 121 1 Jr. n, W | : Srb , lion. Training and Super fision of Seasonal Employee*, MH (.22 M H \ isual F.diu atum as Applied to fety. 125) I 12 . F. S Are We as Pnhlu I'lililies I'repai,.) Work Safi Iv and I (III n nth Huritip F nn-i irmirs. 59,. 5mi Industry. Aim in M,fal Mining Saf.-ti deman), 4?J 475. I ..)..*) Atm mi Mn, v'afil> (I muIi), 46|41>1 Sjfeli K. V M, M ( Pi tl i -.mi I. 457 ICO s*af,t\ Pi..I,),in- Fa, <d mi Vuihf.Miir 1 **^l Mm mg iK.iii-l, t s * 4 5 ? v'afet\ Ptohh-ms I a. d in 11,1 ii ni i tin l s ( > J Mm. * H I.iiK, H 1 4*. I '*Ihi- <f I*. ,ms\tvama * ,Su\ 'x.d, i y ( I h.nn a * ). 1<> 1 4*.7 1 n.d M i Mimiiu 5,-hi.iu Mtmil.x. IPi 17 5 I )ff,, , i *. 1 Pi ISO j \f 'tint N.-hn I.- Indu-lix live Pmntplex ,,f Sa(. Plain i Ipi-r.iiimi (I trl, 249 25 2 Mm lt, i II ( Airport Supervision, 229 2.M N N.ttohi,>1 `x.ifrlv t i.iiim il I >t I in MH, i I imilllitli r , I 5 I lonoi 11 v Member*. I ' lotS s Nominating t ommitlye Uvpm), )(> * dtu.-is. |. 27 Pmpo-e* and I'idri aio, *> )9 Ui-'iiliiti'Ui* t nmuiiM. ' Iti poi I. I o I X Nelxon. I) \S I, Safely ami Piodnil t/u.dili m a i lirmu ,il Industry, 6)5 1.18 N, w F.mpbii,-,-* llaml fnjnrie* Among Men of Fong f-apeiii-nce ami New F.mptoys-.*, 528. flu- Human Side (Pnvlis), 506 508 lii-iim H'.iu to New F'mployees 424 427. Tbe I o Inn.po- of Training New Safety Mm < It i-onict-1 ). * 5 t 5 5 7 .S. Vmk W orM'% l ar Safety in Construction .u tin- New York World'* l air (Bebley), OK HO Nil ket t At bom I Id Nittou* I nine* 21*1 221. Notebarti. t ( Safetv m <.a* Welding and 4 titling. 201 208 Nurses- llcaltb F.ducation Methods Used by In dustttal Nurse* (Balmer), 115-117. 1 be Industrial Nurse'* Records and < I'noh 1, 109 1 U Management's Attitude mi Industrial Refort* Nursing Syrvue II nnwav). II? 121 Nurse* Session See Industrial Nursing Session O t>Wrt. C. W : ynalifu-atinns of TVeliling Gj rt.,1,,1 x. . U. 5 |U t ), i tipaItoiiaI Hi-ea-,- < mitrol S, -*m,i Panel Hi* cushion, f .1 1 147. ( Mpaliouat Hi-.a-e* '~e* al*i Health Millf'l' 'tcttfuli, F \\ The Pole T op Method of K -u-iUA<ii,g Fine men. 1-00 602 )|| tbe fob AindctU*" Sesxion . 149-f62. Dlntsted. G F'..: Costly Fmj>lnvee and Public Ac vtdents. 61 5 p)H Pi Maturation l uting the Safety Program to the Plant Needs ( Me lnto*h 1. 68<i 681. Five Principles of Safe Plant Operation (l^e). 24* 252 No Secret Formula for Safety (Harper), 689-69F A Safety- Pri.giam That Works (Darr), .182-386. * )*iet imu ller, I- B.: Safety from the Executive's Y i, u pot111, t.nx 1.1 f Paint Health Ifuratds in the Woodworking In dustry < Sayers), 696-697 Paper and Pulp Safety Information, PIea*e, Se**jon '> |9 ^ tO P.ipi r and Pulp Section- Data on the Paper In *1 , , ,.ll c >e * - 1 -Hi. , 17; ,70 7l\ JSfh t\\i{ i.mal S a f i't y ( iun/zv.cv I' ............... *..................( N.ifinii4l Safriv I iiinml I rophie* i I 111,,,, S \ f. < | ? I'i r *r n t A> i on of I h r pAper Industry AwAld < I >,,w.\ >, S I* I *r <>{ i (*, .not Ai 11 v 111 r , of the Section (( haul), \ ') 4HJ k <n I n 11<> n , 4`>< Wr, I'apM Industry Ha<k Injuries from the Point of \<ew iif (be S afety Director (Strong), 488 04'; 4 H<k Injimr* in Paper Intimity The Merit *1 \'in|,i,ml ( MacLarenL 482 488 I " i ooipAuir, M.tke an Effort to Standardize Work ( Imhing? <21 <22 f.ifl).<nie t uiirn, 10 11, 3< Hand Injuries, Their Can^e And Ptevenlinn ( I '1; 4 k ). 4'W, <0, 1 I here Any Heller Way of Cutting Paper ( r mil ( < te* lliAti by M eaos of an A se? 572- M f j.......... .. P.r v nih ug Pu am.on or Wo.nd Hook I n l itt ir |M 11 r. t .Mf 1l.ctCV <24 <25 .............. i,, M H le * Mr U "fit bv Wood Room Fm 1 -1 < y r C * ? <2< <26 Itir K,,,,P r * 1 1.M r o ti the Safety V lew, <.tt\l of the Mill Manager <04 <06 Program (Barry). \ .due of Art td.-ut Kt at t *t tc * (Braun). <02 <04 P**b*. I- 1 'I he ll.m.an Side. <06 <08 Perkin', lion I .*n 26 I hr Worker'* Stake in Safelv. Personal Factor* Mow Can Job Analpn and Ment Ratio? Program* Help Solve Accident Preveniion Problem*? (Donley), <08<1<. I he Human Side (I'avlt*), <06 <08. Mari', Menial Attitude* (dihersnn), 186 19' Man', I ' t f ul nr,, anrl I imitation* from a Phy*i < al Starnlpoinf Ih, Proper Placement (\nn client. 1 8 I 186 Peter*. ( A R e f r i ge r al ion Fngine Room Hazard* am) ) herr Elimination, 612615 Peter,.n, ( \ Safety Key Men. 4<7 4<0 Petroleum Industry- Educational Problem* in Manufacturing Plant* (Ru*t), 5 3.3-5.37. \fednal Service in the Petroleum Industry iti !0iQ Report of a Survey (Long), 539-54 * Organization of Independent* (Martinson), 5<7 <60 problem* in 'm uimu < >d Field Ca* Engine* i ravbr), <'7 09 Proper Design. I ayniil and Maintenance of i ,i' i <11 n e Plain, ( b h e II ,b e a r ). <60 <6< Helmet \ t < < i ,i r n< i m n Problem* (Ullrich and I Ie \ e ii t < 1 l On ^jfeiy in the l VI r < ,1 e uni Industry < Pi <<.* IV r i "I e 11 m ^ r i 11 r. ii | Unlr'l < < 2 < O ............... S \ | <6< t ifh. u < X l <3? I'li pbnt U* M , ( Bl.lkesler ). V , ami ii a I k.ii v Man', Usefulness and 1 mutation* from a Physical Standpoint Hi* Proper Pla< emenl (Vonaclien 3, 181 186 Kee,ainination Period*. I 36 1 17 Wbai Kind of Pbvical Examination Should Be l iken Both on Pre Employment and Re examination Afier F mplnvmenl ? <27579 Pm a.......... Sr, I no), Pledue- \ K-.fr lv Pledge. l< |6 Plr.ak. | | Hand In Hi tie-.. 'I hr it ( '.him' and Pievrntmii. 406 < ft \ Poole. Mi, 1 I he | m d n 'I t id Nurv'r Rrcrud, I lid Repot t,. IIP) III I'..-lei n Bullet i Hoard* and Safely Reminder I tiMd.lv* ( Solei-ten) , 172 177 l'"'' ' I I Training of Student,. 777 779 Powell. %f fyj Safely to l.ife in Africa, 774 276 Pn*et I ` f e , Ke.i.on Minute*. <67 <80 l iffi, m, <f,7 <60 PxMer Press A 11 , t n < > 11 v e and M.ii limr Shop Sec li'.os Joint Ses*f<*n, 2<7 2<6 P.*ri Prr*sr, Air Pool Rc*t* of Valued <79 P'dnc ..f P r r * * t>|M-rators Wearing Clove*. <70 <vn P"*> * l`i. S-fet\ Panel Hi*cn**ion. <60 <90 Should t niggle* Hr Worn by punch Pre** Upera lor,? <69 S72. should Operator* Under Any ( ireiiinxtanre* fir Permitted to Place Their Hand* Under th I tie While Feeding? 576 S79 I wo Handed Hevice* and Fixed (iuarcl* for Punch Presses, 3I-3S. What Constitutes a Well-Uuarded Press? 572 <74 What Type* of Pre** Inspection are Most Ef fective? 574-576. President's Medal: See Rewards. Pressure Vessels: Frangible Rubber Discs for Pressure Vessels (Huff). 287-291, 294-295 Protective ('reams: See Health Hazard* P*ychology. See Personal Factors. Public Safely: The Educator and Safety, 160 162 How Public Officials ('an lleln, 158 160. See also "After the Whistle Blows.'' Public Utilities: Are We a* Public Utilities Pre nared to Work Safely and Efficiently During Emergencies (Miner). <96 599. l esson* from Safety Experience. 586 594. Public Utilities Section: Contest, 595 596 Minute*. <81 60S. Officers, 581 581 Publicity: How Can Publicity Campaigns Be Used Effectively for Safety? (Jones), J26 129 Publicity A Servant to Safely (Dickie), 364- .16< Puerto Rico: Accident Prevention Measures ta Puerto Rico (Martinez), 90 92. Punch Presses: See Power Presses. Q Quarry Industry: First Aid for Quarry Workers (Thompson), 269 271. Quarry Section: See Cement and Quarry Section R Railroad*: The American Railroads' Contribution to Safety in America (Fennell), 671-675. Investigation of Accidents Involving Main tenance of F'quipment l^ocomotives (Curtis). 666 668 The Investigation of Accidents Involving Mai*- fenauce of Way (finadinger), 633 666. Inve*tigaiinn of Accidents Involving Stations ami Store* (Parson), 670-671. Maintenance of Equipment Cars (l^aFoott taiue). 668 670 Railroad Safety Panel Discussion. 6S0 660. Safelv Today and Tomorrow on American Raft- road* (Cray). 645-650 Some Practical Aspect* of Safety (Gormlry), 661 663. Train Service Accident*. 658 660. Trespassing Accidents, 650-654 See also tirade Crossing* Hayou Industry Safe Practice in the Viacow Rayon Industry ((liesntit) 6M6 689. Ki ddie. W \V. : Safely in F.lectric Welding, 38ft 214 Refineries: See Petroleum Industry Rrfrigeratmn Industry: Costly FIniployee and Mb lie Aocidents (Ulmsted), 615-618. Refrigeration Engine Room Harard* and TMt Elimination (Peter*!. 612615. Safelv from the Excutive's Viewpoint (CWt mneiler !. 608 61 I **e'~< t raining tnd Supervision of Sevworf K.mployee* (Millican). 618 622 Re f r i get ation Section: Minutes, 607 622. ttfftcers, 607 608 Rehabilitation: Accidents and Rehabilitation < K*a Irr . 167 170 Ihs.usMon of Rehabilitation Procetlures (Ha*^ man). 171 47 1 huhx 72S Krypeit, t. |( l4ti* o( Safelv m a latirv Elevator Other than In*pe* lion. 19< 109 Krsnlutiotl*, 16 |8 Paper ami Pulp Seilton, 49< 496 Respirators' Promremeni !n*tection anti Service Save.r.*.. R R Health,y H11az'IaIIrdI * i.n.. t,hwe Woodwork Inspection of Respirator* (Biggs), 173 179 Respiratory Protection. MO 141 mg Industry, 694 698 Sfhletumer, F C Safety Eealttres in the Con Responsibility: Thi* Jni of Safety (Cameron), 252 256 struetton of the Chtckantaug* Dam, 3(0.313 Scbnnre. F O : Safe Crane Maintenance, 437- Resuscitation- The Pole Top Method of Resuscitat 440 tog Linemen (Oeslerreich l. 600 602 Tlte President's Medal Award, 602 Self, H H Accitlent Factor*. 367 372 Selling Safety: Building Safety into the Plant Remark* on Pole Top Resuscitation (Drinker), 602 605 Reward*: Awards Versus Reward* (Metzger). 123 126 The David S Meyer Memorial Award, 28 The President'* Mrdal Aw art). 602 Safety Bonus Plans. <31. Should Award* Be Made for Safety Suggr* lion* ? < 19 < 70 Discussion, 261. llow Can a Safety Program Be Made the Basis (nr Building i .nod Will Among Em plover*? 422 424. Men n.ntdiMiig Safety {Warmer), 199-202. T. h..e^ .Pirioinbilrenmi ootf Selling Safety, 297-298 SWe-IlIling S a'fety (Appley), C<U8A4 c<a8r6 Sevren*. t E. : Educating the Chemical Worker. 201 202. 2Q< 296 Should Safety Stunt* and I'onfesf* Be In Shafvr. Dr D M Improving the Health of eluded in the Accident Prevention Program? 404 405 See also Contests. Ininger. ). I. The Technique of Training New Industrial Worker*, III 114. Shaper *: Wood Shapers (Hibson), 703 704 Shear*: Do Shear* Trip Themselves? 33. ShelUheaT, W : Proper Design, Layout and Main Safely Men. 554 5 57. tspe: Safety and Manila Roue (Hatch), .386.388 tenance of (iasoltne Plants, <6t) <65. Shipbuilding: Hazard* in Lifting and Handling Safety ami Wire Hope (Meals), 388-389 Ifuer. D L : The Detection of External Corrosion in Boiler*. 168-172. lubber Industry: Dusts in the Rubber Industry (Davis), 6 38 641 Fjlls ann Tltetr Prevention (Weitner), 630 613 Handling of Materials (Welen), 627 610 Knife fills (Dietz). 6(3 634 I'ftvgffsx of Safety in the Rubber Industry (Beck 1, 62< 627 lubber Section: Contest, 634.635. Minute*, 623-644, Officers, 623 624 Machinery in Ship Construction (Marple). 181 382 Shipping Room*: The Safe Handling of Packaged Materials (Bender), 324.329. Shuman, 1. D : Safe Dredging Operations, 301 305 Silicosis: See Dusts Small Plant*: Carrying the Safety Message to the 92 Per Cent (Faust). 87 90 Engineering Control of Occupational Disease* and the >mal! Plant, 142 Stimulating Interest in Safety in the Small Russell, Dr. A. F..: Syphilis Control and It* He lation to the F'ood Industry, 321 324 tul. W. B.: F'ducational Problems in Manufac luring Plant*, 533 5.37. Plant, 15? l<8 Social Disease*: Syphilis Control and Its Relation to the Food Industry (Russell), 321 324. Sodium1 Safe Handling of Metallic Sodium (Dun ning), 28) 287, 294 Solensten, R T : Bulletin Roards and Safety Reminder Displays, 372 377 Solvents: Carbon Tetrachloride Problems, 624. Safety and Product Quality in a Chemical In dustry (Nelson). 63> 638 Soule, T.: What Are But Accident Statistics for Silfty Engineer*: See Engineer*. 1938? 300 101 Silfty Information, PJea*e Panel Discussion, 519530 Spray Coating: Metal Spraying, 146 147. Stairways: Treatment of Floors and Stairways to Mfpiy Inspector* Session: 163 179. kilctr Movement: Accident Prevention Measure* Prevent Slipping, 400 401. State Departments: Safety from the Viewpoint of m Puerto Rico (Martinez). 90 92 5jlety A Formula for Human amt Industrial Progress (Whitney), 262-264. 5*fety and Happiness (Cillies). 460 461 <ilety the Answer to a Challenge (Whitney). 412 414. Mefv to Life in Africa (Powell). 274 276 This Job of Safely (Cameron), 252-256. l'miy in the National Safety Program (F'en nell), II I 5 Tkr Worker's Stake in Safely (Petkins), 20 26 fairly Stunt*: A Hag of Safety Trirk (Laugliliu), Ml 686 Ufective Housekeeping Stunt*. 39 40 <koijlO Safety Stunts Ant! Contest* He lit rhtdetl in the Accident Prevention Program? 404 40< bw. H. I. : (ieneral Mai bine Shop Hazard* and ( ( ntre tioti, 246-249 |binslaM, lloti. L. Life, Ltbeify and ((appiue** an the Highway The States Obligation t It* Citizen*. < 8-20 tnrf (travel and Stone Industry: F'ffective Safety I W*48ork in a Heavy Industry (Warner), 26f the State Department of Labor (tlernon), .392395 State of Pennsylvania's Aid in Coal Mining Safely (Thnma*), 461 467 Steam Railroad Section: Minute*, 645 675. Officers. 645. Steel Industries: See Metal Industries. Stevedoring: See Marine Industry Stie^litz, Dr. F.. J : Specific Hazards of Welding Stonein- cSoenefiSnaendd,SCparcaevse,! 2a1n4d-22S3tone Industry. Street Traffic: Life, Liberty and Happiness on the Highway The State's Obligation to )<* Citi zens (Saltm*tall). 18 20 Strong, \V F Rack Inymie* from the Point of \ tew of the Safety Director, 488 494. Suhin. Pi |( : First Aid Technique, 334-3.37. Suggestion Sysirtns: Should Award* Be Made for Safely Suggestions? <19 520 Sulphur Dioxide- Dangerous Com eutration* of Sulphur Dioxide (la*. 146 Physiological Response to Various Concentra tions of Sulphur Dioxide, 145 Sulphuric And- Safe Work with Sulphuric Acid 441 442. Supervisors: See Foremen. Syphilis: See Social Disease* I .V//( iWti/nnuil Sn/i7v. ( I'Mi/rr.v.t ...... >g 11 *. 1t - (f > ''rr l.ralhrr I ndni i if * ......... . Sr,n,n Srr Meal Patktng, f aiiiiiiik mi.I I r a i Im> r I ml n*i 11 \ lum v I ** r. \ f l'><>l>lnns mi Marinr `safely 141 I4S vim. \ 11 Problem* in Starling till Vield 1 * h nginr*, ^ 4 7 1 IQ i.lr I 11 < 11111 y A Mag of Safely Tiirk* (laugh Inn. t,H \ 6 iii.iig the Safely Program to 1 li < Plant Need* (Mil n t r i*h ). C.MO 6H \ title S<-i firm Mmrtfe*. fs7 7 69I ft>. rr> f, 77 f. 7H >ma. 1 1 Stir of Penn*ylIvvant *' A nl in ( nal Mining Safrty. 461 467 ni.n, 1 > t I M Wnrkera. ?69 <7 1 lint A nl for (Jitarry >l Mratta of I'rrvriiIiiik I'm jiodii or Wood Hook Inform Wet or I rgi, S24 S2t> 'ioirlur< to Mr I ollowr.l in Inspecting Mr Itami** Toni'* *>< '-.'4 S j fr t y in i hr I ' .f I-Jgr 707 r.M.U ( him |i). 704 nmg hmployrr* Srr hdinalinn of Workmen r**smg Srr Railroad* U I. \ I ?'r and Atni'r of ( m nbr Sawt ami Ihr.r Relation In Safrty. 698 701 in ft. W and Hevden, V H Refinery ( on inn lion Problems, A 4 1 S 46 s i.nvrrnmrnl Srr hedrral Department* n Minrii. \\ |...r Srr I I * n' ji lan(ic I Iy i ng, 216 218 krry, t om. || I Safety Feature* Provided on Amnii an Mer1iant vr fl', 178 181 *ut him iUun Visual (duration a* Applied to Safety ( MdU). I 2'* 1 12 i.aintnal 1 .iiiialion . I m a I i m ia1 Problem* in MAiilifai lllimi! Plants ( K tl*l>. *> 1 J S 4 7 . i i. Iiri*. Ilf II A Man'* Usefulness and I mni.iiimn (mm a Pliysn al Standpoint lit' 1'iofrt I'lat nnr nt, 181 186 W VVarMlir. Krar Admiral K H : Safely of l.tfe at Sra. 3S6 3S8 Warmer, R II : Merchandising Safely. 199-202. Warner, 1. I*. Jr.: (effective Safety Work in a Heavy Industry, 267-268. W aahuig Varilittea: To What F.xtent Are the In dustrie* Providing Washing Facilities, 143-144. Weimer, K M : Fall* and Their Prevention, 630- 631 Welch, P C : Handling of Material*, 627-630. UVWtng' Hoea an Egnaust Syafem from Elec trical Welding Affect the Type of Weld! 142 143 Kye Protection and WtljJ^P* 329 Metal Fume*. 62-64. t._ Qualification* of WeW S46 S49. Safely m Electric We Safety in Ca* Weldin. 201 208 W'rldtng anil Cutting Seaaion: 20J-22j. Wheelork, C W.: Air Conditioning and It* Re latmn to Fire Control. 43-49 Whitnry, W.: Safety- A Formula for Human and Industrial Progreaa, 262 264. Safety the Answer to a Challenge, 412 414. William*. R.: Wood Sticker*, Mnlder* ami Match er*. 707 709. WtUon. J C.: Safety Chins, 709-71.3. Wilson, I,. H.: The safe Handling of Beverage*. 129 330. Wood Hook*: See Tool* Wood Pre*ervatives* Health Hazard* in the Woodworking !ndu*try (Sayers). 697 698 Wood Product* Industry: Health Harard* in the Woodworking Industry (Sayers), 694 698. Safety Chip* (Wilson), 709 71.3. Safety tn the Use of Edge Tools (Finch), 704 70 7 U*e and Ahu.se of Circular Saw* and Their Hr lation to Safety (Uhl), 698 703. Wood Shaper* f(iih*on), 70.1-704 Wood Sticker*, Mnlder* and Matcher*, (Wil liams), 707 700 Wood Product* Section: Minute*, 601711. l iflficcr*. 693-604. Zimmer, V A What Training Should a Factory Inspector Receive? 71 74 /nrrh, A S Safety Training of Undrrnr.idualc NATIONAL SHEETS COHGRES! ATLANTIC CITY OCTOBER 16*20, 1939 Metals Section Officers 1938-1939 (irneral Chairman--Mm. K Trammf.ii, Republic Steel (orp, Alabama City, Ala Vice-Chairman--H. J. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa. Secretary and Nnvs Letter I:ditor--Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co, Pitts burgh, Pa. Contest Committee Oioirmun -H. J Si-ufrfr, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co, East Chicago, Ind. P.ngineering Committee Chairman--R. II. Ferguson, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Foundry Committee Chairman--J. A. Coitrin, National Radiator Corp , Johnstown, Pa. Health Committee Chairman--Or A G Rammer, Inland Steel Co , Indiana Harbor, Ind. Membership Committee Chairman--H H Henry, Otis Steel Co, Cleveland, Ohio Poster Committee Chairman--Fred E. Warr, ( arncgic-llhnois Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa Program Committee C hairman--John IV O Uot'RK, Itethlehein Steel Co, Sparrows Point Md. Publicity Committee Chairman--Eari. Kylfr, Caroegie-Illinois Steel Corp., Chicago, III. Railway Car Builders Committee Chairman--V. J. Rranii, Pullman-Standard Car MIg. Co., Pullman, Chicago, HI. Statistics Committee Chairman~-N. H MacHosf, Bethlehem Steel Co, Lackawanna, N. Y. Members at Large-- C. M. Alien, The American Rolling Mill Co , Middletown, Ohio F. G. Bfnnf.tt, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Cohnnhus, Ohio R. A. Beyer, Central Tube Co , Ambridge, Pa. C. A. Bianchi, H. H. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. F.. F. Bi.ank, Jones Sc Laugldin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa *R. A. Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind. H. M. Crochan, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. J. F.. Cui.UNFY, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa H. W. Darr, Bethlehem Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa M. W. Dundorf, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. B. T. Dye, Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio. John P. Eid, American Steel ft Wire Co., Chicago, III F. A. Eu.ts, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Va. George T. Fonda, Weirton Steel Co., Weirton, W. Va J. P. Gatherum, Great Lakes Steel Corp., Ecorse, Mich, E. E. Grfenf, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. S. E. Hawkes, Macwhyte Co., Kenosha, Wis. H. G. Hfnsf.i , The Youngstown Sheet & Tul>e Co.. Chicago, 111. W. J. Hooff, Chase Brass Sc Copper Co., Cleveland, Ohio W. A. Jarvis, Chase Brass & Copper Co., Waterburv, Conn F. A. Lauerman, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, III John P. Leonard, Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. D. V. Medai.if, Interlake Iron Ore Corp., Chicago, III P. R. McMahon, Superior Steel Corp., Carnegie, Pa, J. A. Northwood, Bethlehem Steel Co., Sparrows Point, Md J A. Oartei., Carnegic-Illinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa C S. Phillips, Revere Copper & Brass, Inc., Rome, N. Y. H. L. Rocers, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo. II I. Rfrrassier, Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling, W Va. W Metal* Section 400 \S'|/i jViJ`1 / s"/' ,v ( 40H ay Supply lu. 1`'U,'V,"r' Ky Rihmt I. Suihim, 1 .mnvvtllc < a.r Wine! & Hailvv HS ( Atcrjullar Trarlnr ( <, 1`coua, U! 1< ^ t OTtt ^ Icvcland, Ohio A Vos-. Krpublir StocU nrp. (rnrral (Summon H J I iHifhOOtiiff,ffJiicconeeerrsss& 1939-1940 Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, l'a VS/uiTte(ta/nrynrmanodn--NelaiveiirvlAetteHrriFn.kdmitaomr--, MHacJk.mStoposhfu-Hfre, mYpohuinll gCsoto.,wPnittSshbeuertgh&, PTau.be Co., hast Contest Committee N H MagHosf (Chatrman), Bfthlehcm Sled Co, Eackawanna, N. Y. l liTic,agOo.,AInrdmstrong, We*tinghouse Electric & Mfg, Co., Spnngfirld, Mass. I'.ntfFtn. rJr.rmCgonCroym. mUimtteorn--CKa.rbAid. eBCeoy.e,rN(iaCghaariarmFaanlls),. CNe. nYtr.al Tube Co., Ambridgc, Fa B T. l>vr_, Republic Steel Corp, Warren, Ohio FouWnd.ryA,CJoamrmvisitt,e(ebasJe BHrasMs oSti zCroocpp(eCr hCaoir,mWana)t,erCbhuaryin, CBoenlnt Co , Milwaukee, Wts HeaHlth. SCoSmiwmi'isttoeNe, CUarte. rApi.llaGr. TKraamcmtoerrC(oC,hPaieromriaan, )1,11I.nland Steel Co,, Indiana Harbor, 2nd. IV K Mi M aiion. Supenoi Steel ( orp .( ariiegie, IVi | A Northwood, Bethlehem Steel t'>. Sparrmi'- Point. Md J. A < >arih, Carnegie-Illinois Steel l <rp , Ihttshurgh. I M. I. Rebrassfr, Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling. \\ V.i Jacob K Ridingfr. Inland Steel Co, Ka*t Chicago. Ind Robert !.. Schmitt, l.ouisvilte ('ar Wheel Si Kail\va\ Supply Mfii K. T ,hammfi i Republic Sleet ( orp, Alabama (T($. AU *| A Voss, Republic Steel Corp , Cleveland, Ohio Fred K. Warr, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp , Pittsburgh. Pa 'Fmi General Chairman t o. I.musville, k\ MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 The first session of the Metals Section was called to order hy General Chairman Mcll E. Trammell. Safety Supervisor, Re public Steel Corporation, Alabama City, Alabama, who presided. Chairman Tram mell made a ret*>rt of Sectional activities during the pa*t year, especially mentioning the work of the various committees, and then proceeded with the schedule of forma) papers, as follow* H1 >rr JT HI..yCi>hivIpIras/, ivT.htte, (WraensetinCgoho, iCisheicEagleoc, tIrIiIc. & Mfg. Co, East Pittshurgb, Pa. Membership Committee--E. A, Eu is (Chairman), Wheeling Steel Corp , Wheeling, W. V C. A Pmncm), ll H. Kolertson Co, Amhritlgr, Pa. I'ostJe.rMC,oBmrm(hitiktese( MJiehPle. PGrainthtifnrgomPre(sCsh&airMmfagn,),CGo,reCaht icI^aagkoe,s11S1.teel Corp, Ecorse, Mich. C O Dokworth, Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. CrogJroahmn PC,oEmemointtaehed-, EBlaarwl-KFnyoi.xerC(oC,,hPaiitrtmsbaunr)g, hC, aPran.egie-IUinois Steel Corp, Chicago, W J K Ci/u iney, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. W J Hooef, Chase Brass & Copper Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Cub1h>citVy. CMomepmaiuttfe,eI--ntHer.laHk.eHIreonnryOrfCe fCimoVrpfn.,aCnJh,icOatgiso,SItIeI.el Co., ( levclaud. Ohio. K K Greene, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio, Railwj aAy. CCaoritBruinil,dTehrse CNoamtiomniattleRe--adPia.tOJT. CBora, nJdoh(nCsthoawirnm, aPna)., Fnllman Standard ( ar Mfg Statistics Committee--John P. O'KouhK (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel ( <>., Sparrow* Co, Pullman, Chicago, HI PointS, .MPdhiii ips, Revere Copper Si Brass, Inc., Rome, N. Y. H Rogers, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo. C. M. Ai l fn. The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohm. Mem*FberCs aBt klnanrgkeit, -T he But keye Steel Castings Co., Columbus, Ohio. F, F Hi ank, lones Si l.attghlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa R A Chaffin, Continental Steel (orp , Kokomo, Ind II M ( roghan. Inland Steel Co, F.ast ( hicago, Ind. M W. 1>arr, Bethlehem Steel Co , Johnstown, Pa M W. Dundorf, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis John P. Fir, American Steel Si Wire Co., Chicago. Ill R. H. Ffrggson, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio George T Fonda, Weirton Steel Co, Weirton, W. Va. ISI.. E(i HIHawNk'-'ff is., TMhaecwYhovimtcpsCtof m. Kn eSnhoesehta.vCWIi'su.Ik' Civ, C hicagr*. HI *F A I.aufrman, Republic Steel Corp, Chicago, 111. Coordination of Engineering and Safety By J. M. HASSLER District Chief Engineer, Republic Steel Corporation, Birmingham, Ala. Engineering fundamentally is based on strengths of materials. Engineers have learned that a square inch cross-section of a certain analysis steel will support a definite load of certain fixed spans. As the span increases, the load that the member will carry decreases. Engineering today, other than research, is an exact science. There is no guess-work in it whatsoever. Facts are known and if used with discretion will keep one out of trouble. After strengths of materials were thor oughly proveil and the exact load that a ember would suptmrt was known, it was found, hy hitter experience, that this was art enough. Thoughtless persons would exceed the load. Moving lo;n|s were sub Uitutrd for a designer! dead load and the feign failed. This was not Irecaiise of faulty engineering, hut Irecaiise of thoughtInsness of an individual that was unfamiliar ilti the basic laws of engineering. This condition developed in the riigiiin i g profession the origination of the now famous "Factor of l;ivc" This simply means that if a brad is 1,000 pounds, and for the span needed will require a 10 trourid section steel memlier, then it should Ijc built five times as strong or as big, to take care of the fools iliat will come along and place five times the load limit on it You have seen bridges that have signs on them "Safe Load Limit Five Tons." Stand hy that same bridge for a while and watch. Soon a thoughtless, don't care, ignorant individual ronies along with a load of prohali! v IS Inns anil runs over the bridge. As a rule he gel' safely across. The "Farltii of Live" has saved his hide. Hasieally engineering IS eorrelated with safety. The very foundation and breadth of cngineei ing sueeess is based on safety. Engineers guard against failure with their knowledge nut by guess work. They know ]H>sitively what loads will lie supported, what wind loads will develop at certain velocities, what shocks of moving or live loads will do I lies know wbal to do to make Ibrii stun lure safe. i National .Safety l any css 1.1* ally consisting of a sound unit operating <ju.ihl\ rtf llic nrtf.ittvr prcxlucrd with the in conjunction with a strip film projector. l*i tin f ! tuir ^tainrd him. niakr* it The projector may or may not be auto in make < uiai ^nnfiil1* of am <lt*- matically synchronized to the sound record 'if.iMt n/r Hy * 1 usr of auxiliary W-nses. "pH - (.in lr maifr of pliojo^raphs, draw mnv manusc r ijK, or other flat ni.Urnal flu scnfw of tfir miniature wnu'ra i* almost unlimitrd for thovr who drMrc to collect anrf prepare material for xroup prrM-nta tion I'rartirally anythin# that ran he pho In some cases combinations of the fore going are available. The opaque projector usually incorporates a slide unit and the strip film projector may be readily adapted fur 2x2 inch glass slides In selecting a projector, the basic govern tographed can lie readily transformer! into a ddr f strip him for projection f >ne oilier outstanding advantaKe of the miniature is (fir use of J5 nun color film whnh costs in that sue an average of %2 SO per roll of 18 exposures including processing an average of 14 cent** per frame I here are two types nf color fdm now available. Moth of these eolor films are available in larger sires hut the cost is prohibitive mg factors are : ! The material to be presented Pictures, slides or strip films. 2 The size of the audience or the size of tlie average room in which it is to be used 4.1. PVoernttailbaitliiotyn. of lamp housing ami sub jeet matter. A combination of items 1 and 2 usually defines the size and type projector neces sary. In most cases a combination unit is for non commercial use nor are they so desirable in the interest of greater flexibil readily adaptable to inexpensive projection (>vrr the past year or so, 1 have about > "me io the mm fusion that two cameras ofb r the idea! outfit The second camera 'houfd fe of the !\pe having ground glass i"i and ndajtcd to the use of cut film and him pack Outstanding examples of tins t\ ramcia are easily procurable ity. It may also be necessary to procure two tenses of different focal length for the projector particularly if a variety of room sizes may be encountered. The shorter the distance between the projector and the screen, the shorter the focal length of the projection lens. For the average projector, a variety of projection lenses are usually 1 \ \ ' take a look at the projector problem \s with the camera, the heart of the pro ject*'! is its optical *\<trm Here again it *s necessary to rely upon the integrity and available. The question of portability is more or less self explanatory and is governed alroo# entirely by the local situation. Too much# -ejuitation of the manufacturer Projectors belong in one of four separate *'lassrst depending upon design 1 The oparpte projector- designed to pro ject pictures, pages of books, drawings, etc bv reflection. In genera) these are less ef ficient, watt for watt, than other types of projectors Henre the illuminating system must he more powerful to offset light loss by reflection. 2 The standard slide projector for either i x 4 inch or 2 x 2 inch slides ' The strip or slide film projector for the way of durability and projection power should not be sacrificed to portability. I believe that the power of a projector should not he reduced below 200 watts. Speaking of power, my preference is f* a projector using a projector bulb of fro* S00 to 750 watts. A size larger than tW requires a special power circuit which Ml not he available where needed. In proj< using projection bulbs larger than 300 wt some means of forced draft ventila! must he included. Otherwise damage to slides or pictures being projected is ala inevitable Then too. the bulb itself < Is mm film he damaged by excessive heat 1 1 he sound-strip fdm projector Usu .WIOURNMF.NT Occupational Disease Control THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 19. 1939 of problems in industrial occupational disease control was called to order by A. S. Johnson. Assistant to the Manager, Engineering Department, American Mu tual I.iability Insurance Company. Bos ton. Mass., who presided. The problems were presented as a panel discussion, and Chairman Johnson introduced the memhrrs of the panel, as follows: Roy S. Bonsib, Chief Safety Inspector. Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, New York City. Warren A. Cook, Division of Industrial Hygiene and Engineering Research, Zurich General Accident & Liability In surance Company, Chicago. Dt. A. G. Cranch, Industrial Toxicology Department. Union Carbide Company. New York City. Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Executive Di rector. Division of Industrial Hygiene. New York State Department of Labor. New York City. Willis G. Hazard, Personnel Division, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, O. Dr E. G. Meiter, Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Lability Insurance Company, Wausau. IV Dr O. A. Sander. Milwaukee. Wis. The Discussion Plan CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: We have lied to have a working base from which 1 will talk. This working base from Mi we will try to develop our opinions fcsfat I choose to call a triangle of re- Qstuhilty. visualizing what may be called It three A. R. C.'s of an equilateral triaW bi the top of this triangle is manage! of an industrial enterprise, the man As bas to pay the bills, the man who fes the lahor, the man who worries ahout ,.,ui oi industrial management's responsibility. And on the lower right is the third base of this tri angle where we lind the engineers or in dustrial hygienists, who have to develop and prepare for the operating group the controls of occupational disease, as far as engineering is concerned with controlling them. Now. there is a strong tie between the mediral and the engineering phases through that base line of the triangle What we hope to do in discussing each topic is to develop that tie, which we will call the halance of opinion between the medical phases developed hy the doctors on my left, and the engineering phases de veloped by the engineers on my right I would like to ask this panel a ques tion. For a great many years occupational hazards have been studied in one indus try or another. Would this panel feel, let n< say. sanguine that any industrial enter prise is now ready, hy employing proper personnel, by searching out the answers wherever they mav he found, to solve an occupational disease problem if they have one. and hv the proper solution maintain the safety and health of the employees? Put another way. are we still groping in the dark on some of these hazards hy reason of conflict of opinion, conflict of experimental data and theoretical expres sion hy folks w ho find the theoretical haz ard in exposure because it is suggested in the hook? Will Dr. F.. G. Cranch talk briefly along this line of suggestion? DR. CRANCH: This question is a broad one: Is any industry satisfied that it is in a position to solve an occupational disease on the basis of present informa tion? I would say. absolutely yes, for the majority of occupational disease problems are sufficiently understood to adopt effi cient measures for control 1.33 Oi cupalwnal Disease C oniml 135 Natural Safety ( omjress 'Silt l.U 11 AAtIK M AN I, J< HINSON "Wed, why |* rc<U,r,,t*y HtouM I do ir a r it i t Inn U until you folks fotiif :it tin S lirtlv l outfit Jo have two dton nr two tlmu-ajwl parts l lie chief reason. >i arsenic and hfnzol we still ronlinue to serins to me. whyindustry is because the have p Msnnings nd the worker do not realize e(hmeplgoryavity of these hazards and do no! take the problem seriously enough to in stitute the necessary and proper means of us <lrvr!*p Hus farther A ,.n ?" l <*< \\\t oi'iui* m of ;m tin- nixiuffniin side MR MKIIKK l Mr h ^rrr ( . M ritrr, with Mr ( um li that there is enough known !i prevention. HAIKMAN l switch JOHNSON: Now to the engineering 1 a01 side ^iz;;e:;'aansvim.hiu, s-ui4-i Let us visual that is fearful, solve these occupational disease hazards employers are not wilting to do If so. at ad until all possible informa atinoynth isHUavailable, l would say that they that has a notion that some exposure is a eri<>us one. and wants tn know if there '' nduslnal engineering isstaanndypthoiinntg tfhroatmwainll imr,.a..k...e.....i.t_ impossible or measurement? That is. by visual observa tion. Or does he feel that it is beyond all question desirable to have the survey made technically by industrial hygienists or by men trained tn sample properly with proper instruments? MR. BONSIB: I think the greatest trouble in industry today is that there has been too much guess work. In deal ing with insidious problems such as the new substances and some of the old sub stances which have been introduced, it is pretty hard to hang your hat on every thing, and the average executive today wants to know exactly what is what, and sou cannot know that without concrete to a particular occupational hazard is as necessary as is the exact determination of a hazard hy engineering methods. The appearance or the findings in any group of workers exposed to a particular dust, or what have you, gives an accurate picture of the hazard which has existed over a period of years That picture is one which the engineers cannot give you, because their dust counts or other deter minations may be only temporary or may vary from day to day. It may have changed considerably in the past few years; the hazard may have been for example, ten times as great two years before as it was on the day the dust counts were made. are never ^onitf to start devise the proper instrutnenU evidence. You have not to Ret definite in So no occupational disease control is ade In solving these ocrnpalioiMl disease problems, we have a progressive solution In the same wav that the 1040 automobile iot have been built in 1020. just so ( ..oldv\ e progressing in a)) the liratuhrs of at e ering, ventilation, ventilation equip engi I respiratory protective devices, merit, ami [equate information is and so I think difficult t .he quantity of to measure or funic. whether it ho dust, ga I am going to turn that over to Warre* ( ook. MR ('OOK: Tofodar y we have finding out more ho* mnienetbhndosf available the dinjtuoriothuasn imiwMaetiveh.r.aianvl.se.. a_evmeranhi--*4a formation and data. When once you know the facts, which can only be obtained through technical means and by experienced people, you can give them something definite on which they can base definite conclusions and on which yon can base your preventive Measures. quate without initial examination of all employees. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Or. Sander has developed the need (nr the medical examination as a survey question to deter mine whether conditions as they have ex isted have produced any pathology in the men. 1 et us assume that, and install our available A Basis lor Truth <TI AIRMAN JOHNSON think we have a balance of opinion there IIff you being expose a very labon- iontistheprpoacet duhre'orimn emrlyositt wcaasses to analyst the atmosphere inhaled by the worker Today in connection with more and mnir of the injurious materials, we are havinf hhaavvee aann ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall is enough knowledge dus- i*itsmo-e-r--a,e-.--s-d.1*e csh.o.n.a...mn.z..oa.r.vwrdh, etrheerine the hooks ami hrains to tackle it or solve placed in oouurr hha--nd*s* a*nidd aarree h__a_ving de thods which will quickly tel vueslohpoewd mmuecthhodof the injurious material iitt iinn pprrooggrreessssiivvee flaassmhiooni... R....u..t....w...e.are cluttered up, |f thinki., by a hlo>tt ooff ccrraacckk-brained notions I have read any quantity of liter ature in which somebody has ventured the optmon that because such and such ma terials are used, we must have a hazard that is just about read' to kill off the pop ulation of the plant in the atmosphere breathed by the work**. We have devices which will determtw the concentration of carbon monoxidl merely by reading a gauge. Similar nifiit is being developed for other injufi* materials, Lor vapors, about the b< irrometer. and we ho|t dweevicweilils liteheabInlenetropegrectmeinquu.ip. ment of till Mo we know enough about the hazards kind nianiifartured in this country one < itrol of benzol, silicosis, arsenic. these flays, hut at the present time it CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now l feel assured that we can discuss some detailed ftohltms. We have our base. We are in agreement that there is no ordinary occu pational disease hazard that cannot he coped with, that there is sufficient evi4ence to sort (act from fancy, that there are instruments sufficient in quantity and hind (or proper engineering analysis, and Aat there is no need of guessing. Let us start now an occupational dis use control program. We have Plant X. TV management at the top says, "Find F hazard, if any. Control it, if need be. t m setting up a medical department; I Mi setting up engineering occupational Ivgimist*. I want you fellows to work out tregram so that my operating depart- program of control. Or. Grecnhtirg. what do you feel about the need for periodicity ill the examination program? OR. GRFF.NRURG That would largely depend on what particular hazards were present in the plant itself. In certain cases it would be desirable to examine workers very frequently, perhaps even as often as once a month; and in other in stances it might he very satisfactory to examine them once a year, depending on just what particular substances the work ers were exposed to in their daily occupa tion and how satisfactory the technical means of control were. For example, in the case of benzol, it might he satisfactory to examine workers d con! ,1 so forth. ptohossoprht ooruust , threadtiruumth, axn-rdayb.uialdn upon solid fait an effective safety program? Will fir Leonard Grecnbwg develop ilia! for a couple of minutes? MR GRFKNBURr,: It seems to me that there is a definite body of evidence rather difficult fo obtain nf the injurious mat< in Pirnadcutisctarilalyl aalltmooi spheres can be mined. Some of the methods are I* simple than others, but methods are bt simplified all of the time so the safety gineer in the plant can avail himself tin install the necessary safeguards, tr they may he, and assure me that twill be no emergence of disability by Ma of these exposures." The Medical Program let as build first the medical half of program. Of what does it generally every three months. 1 believe in the case of tetraethyl lead, the du Pont Company examines its employees about once a month, though l am not quite sure about that. In the case of sand blasters, it might he desirable to examine them and x-ray them every six months; whereas in the case of fotindrymen it might be perfectly is available on the more important whirl and for the more occ up at tonal iinpi irt ant ocpichouiiespoanttosinnparlevednitseaansdes.contthraotl make these it po poisonnings and these baza rds with a great deni of certainty. balances such a* oar .rMH.Se^.nead'andrhrouuuo, and these metRhoMdAs N JOHNSON: Now I goCingtUtIo ask Roy Ronsih a rather ri oing to In cases of' d*ou--b1-*t, uw'htie.rre qhuaessttoionhe balanced with knowledge " he think it advisable to attempt to a hazard in a plant without tefhi MM. Dr. 0. A. Sander ? .SANDER: I am glad you emplia4m need of a medical program in au Mtionil disease control program, with the engineering control. An examination of all workers exposed satisfactory if the men are engaged in ordinary foundry work to examine them once a year and x-ray them once a year or once everv year and a half. It would lie largely a question of judg ment, depending on the particular occu- .Wilt National Sajcty ( oiuyros I M, Occupational Disease Control i.i; iMimii ^nil the particular substaiuc'- ein- '\ i I (AIRMAN JOHNSON I would like 10 a*k 1 )r <.rccnl>urn to amplify just din I'lniii H the survey about which Or Sander spoke dis< loses no specific occu pational disease hazard as having caused any pathology- and that is the situation that obtains m most plants -- hut still there may be some moderate exposures to this or to that, and the management wants to he perfectly sure, how often as a general thing should those men come up for re examination? Understand, this survey has disclosed no pathology, no damage, nothing you can put your teeth in or hang your hat on as indicating a great need for engineering changes in current methods of control Re-examination Periods consider carefully the opinion expressed there You will observe that he has placed the burden upon his own profes sion, by careful discussion, of course, with ihc management that is to pay the bid; but the decision must rest with the doc tor upon the evidence as presented by the conditions of the plant and the employees tlu-mselvcs. I here is no cook book formula which says you must put employees through the milt at standard intervals. But the making of medical examinations is another thing It always presents problems, because men frequently are frightened when they know they are being examined to see if there is anything the matter with them, not just being examined to see if they are all right. They are always fearful that some dire calamity may overtake them soon. It is a real personnel prob lem. one that has to he handled with DR GRKKNMURG: That would largely depend on whether there were any hazardous materials being used in the plant If the condition of the men at the tune of the initial examination was quite negative and no hazardous material is be ing used in the plant. I should say the de cision as to whether or not you are going jiulgment. 1 am going to ask Dr. Cranch if, in his hmg experience of examining a great many employees for operating exposures that might not he hazardous, he has al ways hceu able to keep those employees calm ami collected and quiet and quite content with what things were found. to have physical examinations is largely DR. CRANCH: Physical examination an open one. and a matter of wide judg ment l "r example, in the case of a depart ment store's employees, where young women act as salesladies, under ordinary conditions, it might not he necessary or desirable to give them physical examina tions more than once in five years, per haps not r\rn thru programs for occupational disease con trol can hardly be divorced from a physi cal examination program aimed at general health conservation. Where it is possible to have a medical service, where the physi cian is in daily contact with the man. physical examination presents far fewer difficulties than where it is done only for the sake of occupational disease control li. on the other hand, the physical exnmiihMH were quite negative, and vet toxnr matenaN a*e Npirc emploxed. the dec ision would depend on how toxic those materials are and what the analysis of the plant atmosphere shows. If an outside physican comes in to ex amine certain groups of men at intemfc ni from one month to two year*, me* logically ha'e a right to expect that then may be something going wrong wiA those who are called in frequently. that leads to considerable nervousnes* ft seems to me that the answer to the their part as to what will he found question is a matter of judgment which must he based on a comparison of the There is a matter of psychology practice in carrying out such a program^ relative hazards of the exposure as com pared with the cost and desirability of continuing intensive physical examination, ami only by knowing the detailed facts can one arrive at a sound decision in a examinations. It is much simpler, whit* it is possible to arrange it, to have rrae^ ably frequent examinations for gene health conservation, and these exami^ tiotis, then, will be included in the reg^l particular given instance. procedure and help to determine the rffnt CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: 1 think that it is very important for vou all to of an occupational disease exposure. As Dr. (ircenburg said. we <lo not at tempt as a rule a routine examination at a fixed interval of a year, we will say The periodicity of our re examination is determined largely by several (artors: first, the possible exposure to occupational disease hazards; second, what we notice in connection with that man's health as the days go by. Our supervisory force is usually in structed to semi in any man who seems a little under the weather, who does not seem to be doing well, who seems to be slipping a little. From their recommenda tions often we pick up cases that certainly require examination which otherwise would easily have been overlooked. Another thing which we have to remem ber is that many symptoms are common not only to occupational disease expo sures incident to life in general; and the medical program for the control of occu pational disease is therefore extremely important in that the contact must he es tablished with the men to determine what changes are going on and what is their origin. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON; Ihc im portant point to me is that you cannot drag in a physician from the outside who is a total stranger to your problem, merely because lie is an expert toxicologist or ex pert something else, and ask him to set up a medical examination or control program for about a week, and then depart. Hire him to consult with your own physician, but let your own physician so ! Wd the occupational disease program in to the general health conservation prol |m, that the findings of the one serve to I aapnent and support the findings of the | rthtr. I Now I am going to talk to the engineers. 1 sad assume that a survey has been made I * which we have discovered a hazard eitntly dangerous so that, in the doc a'* opinion, something ought to be done H it. I am not assuming that it has f* to far as to kill men, hut it has matti*4 it*H either in moderate early symp- some actual demonstrable pain few. ^J_jwtnt to ask this group of engineers they want the medical men to tel! which they may use to utmost ad it in their own work in connection with surveying to locate and hud th hazard that they want to control. Will Willis Hazard discuaa that one? MU. HAZARD: It seems to me thai the most important thing that the doctoi can tel! the engineer is what his findings are from the physical examination. That more or less determines how serious the hazard is; it often isolates it to certain in dividuals in the plant, and that points the way to places that should come under en gineering control in that regard. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. Perhaps you have already visualized what I am leading to I want Mr. Ronsih to develop ' *V* * * 'ittle farther. Here we have the medical examination installed to disclose what is wrong, if anything. I want him to develop the engineering control method. What fact and what data does he need to go about his business? Engineering Control MR. RONSIB; Since the amount of damage to the human mechanism depends upon the exposure and the concentration, the engineer should know the maximum allowable concentration to which he would have to maintain the working atmosphere or the working condition, and as an en gineer that is something that the medical profession must give so that the engineer will have something to which to work. I think the answer to the question, then, is that it is very essential that the thresh old or maximum allowable concentration permissible lie known. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. I do not think we will quarrel about that. 1 am certain no engineering group will stick out its neek far enough to define for the medical profession what constitutes the safe threshold limit. It is not quite the answer to the question I had in mind, however. For a great many years, you know, the medical profession has been conducting its work successfully in industry, main taining the greatest degree of confidence between the employees and the doctor through the fact that the doctor never revealed what was the matter with the man if there was anything wrong. He grades the men in a general way--employ able. or employable subject to medical UK jSth National Safety Liuire\s *cr\i<r -f rinj!<\^llr m lnmir'1 <*)<* much dust It had been shown that gypsum dust itself does not cause silicosis Miffs 1 thmk ( Ua\o Mown <n<rn a question hrrr ( .n the <!<>< for inform the fiiRii'ffr <*f i Milhiifnl immdImt of facts about the or injury to the lungs. Where there is silica sand, we look for that injury to the lungs and the development of fibrosis and silirori- .-.here the exposure is high and hazard !t winch these men have been ex j.osrtl without weakening that professional continued over a long period of time. Consequently, where about half of the confidence which he lias established in material used in this operation was silica the workmen whom lie is examining? sand, it was the guess of the engineer that What I want this Kmup of engineers to develop t'* t an the\ use adequately inhumation. or information about the here was a condition which had to he con- trolled effectively to keep the dust conceit* tration down to very low levels.7 grout*, without having to know that Mike To everyone's surprise, the x-ray exami I )amIrow *ki is about one month from nations of workers who had been exposed emerging with a disability' Will you de velop t ha t. M r II a/.ird ? to these operations for a number of years, showed that there was no development of MR II A/AKD It seems to me it is entirely possible for the engineer to use the medical results m a purely statistical manner lie does not have to know who fibrosis. Further engineering data was collected, and it was found that two things hap pened In the first place, the grain size' is sick mi whether it is Mike l)anibrowski or somebody else It is extremely impor tant that lie know the number of people of the sand was rather uniformly large and well washed. There was no abrasive xi-1ion to produce a great number of fine who arc shs'wmg the same ailment and the number of people who are working in the department or the plant as a whole. particles In the air itself, the concentra tion of free silica was not 50 per cent, or what it was in the main material, hut only MR R<>NSIU I do not see how you ' an protect against something unless you know \s hat it is gomg to do; and I do not see how \ou can provide necessary pro tective measures without knowing to what extent you have to goon them. You must know the threshold limit to which the sub stance or the material, whether it is gas. Itime or dust ic causing the trouble If vo do not know what the toxic limit is. that is the amount it takes to make people one or two per cent. Finally, laboratory examination showed that where you get quartz dust falling, or where you would get gypsum dust settling out of the air fairly rapidly, the quartz dust settled out more rapidly; and the combination of quartz and gypsum settled out even more rapidly than cither one alone, due to the fact that the gypsum dust caused agglom erations with the silica dust, and yon had large groups of particles which caused this sick or how much the human mechanism can stand, making due allowance for the more rapid settling Now. the data obtained through the idiosvncrasie* of the susceptible, I do not h the ftufirfrr ran provide the medical examination and the x-ray wm what gave the hint that the cost and tht r r**r:p,eteness cj the e-rtrr| a* ha* opera- < *v' **c/e *as r.'.* a* a-- * v:fd ~ortnaf} : ir#lir./d rjur* ' - *^ * ' -- 2 ' r if * T. '~1 'i -- sni*ri im * o a* In other hr must tnlnif that concentration to the point below whuh it will not make am - - m ' 7 ' x vaOri^ < CH AIR M \N JOHNSON 1 think ttaft ] Jillustration binds together these variow points. 1 one sic k, and the length of exposure neccs sary to winch that person must he ex posed MR COOK; An instance might lie i ited where other factors than threshold limits have been utilized. For example, m the gypsum industry, in certain plants fherr is what is known as a sanded plaster manufacturing operation where there is I have watched that jiartieular study veloped with a great deal of interest, sin for a fact, the engineers did not knoxr.tfr did not have to know, anything about men as individuals: the doctor kept tfctf in hi< files completely *' Now let us summarize for just a W0** merit, to cee where ue have arrived. Vk Oi l iipull,mal l>iu au- ( onlrol 139 have the doctors and the engineers as the two bases of our triangle. Our panel feels sanguine that hazards can lie controlled We know enough, there is enough knowl edge in the aggregate to control them We say that the need for a medical pro gram is as vital as the need for an en gineering program, that the doctor ought to he the plant doctor, augmented by such specialists as he needs to employ to coun sel with him; that they have a certain amount of factual information that they must turn over to the hygienist or en gineer for his use as a check for his per formances, and that the medical crowd should tell the engineering crowd how low the hazard must he taken to consider it reasonably safe; that the engineers are perfectly willing and able to tackle the hazard in some fashion if they know those things; and the periodicity of the exami nation to find out whether the engineers did a job or not depends upon the romli lions as the doctor finds the record written in the men themselves. Of course, the engineers arc going i.. continue to use the instruments of survey in check their own results. Now 1 am going down to our printed program and explore some of the quoslions suggested there. The panel will dis cuss phases of exhaust systems. Are there in the engineering catalogues, data de scribing machinery of one kind or another to make it possibte for the engineer to design an exhaust system if lie wants it. or thinks he needs it? Are there enough high grade, glorified vacuum cleaners on the market to pick one out of the catalogue and install it in the plant, and expect it *t>produce results? Dr. Meiter, will you develop your Noughts on present market conditions of Aar-made exhaust systems as against agineering design of exhaust systems to ll the individual plant circumstances ? Exhaust Systems DX MEITER; In my opinion, there is M available ready-made exhaust ventilafra equipment The assumption that you "select from a catalogue and ventilate problems has been a great drawback gprogress of this work. Kftp that I mean this. Oftentimes a con- jm will have, sav, a local tin worker Ihgp rail him in and lie. without know ing what the requirements ate of the Stave Code, without knowing the limits to which the gas. dost or fume has to be exhausted, immediately sets about and de signs a hood. Then, without even knowing how much air can he handled by that hood, he looks into the classified section of the telephone book and calls up the fan company. The fan company has a salesman, but he is not in, so the office girl looks up the technical data, and the company ships the fan. When this ventilating system is finally installed, the sheet metal worker says, "Well, the sheet metal work portion of it is all right, and that is all I guarantee." Then the fan corrtpany, on the other hand, says that the fan delivers a certain volume of air at the speed shown in their catalogue, so they wash their hands of it. And finally, when the whole thing is in, it docs not work and a job has been poorly done So the point I wish to make is that ventilation, no matter how simple, requires teihnirnl knowledge and technical instru ments to determine when the system is really working. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. I think Dr. Meiter has put his finger on a very critical point. When 1 speak about engineering control. I mean engineering control, and I do not mean tinsmith control. I.et me illustrate. ..... pioincm ol a shipyard building de stroyers for the United States Navy of galvanized sheet plate, with a great deal of electrical welding work to he done in confined spaces, in the little tanks and cells of which the ship is constructed. There is a plant set up in the field, you might say, lying for nearly a year at its fitting-out basin, a little plant about 325 feet long and 30 feet wide, 25 to 30 feet molded depth and heaven only knows how many tanks in it (they get down to pretty small sizes) with welding to be done in most. In those confined spaces welding, steam-fitting and electrical work must be done. Can you imagine a tailor-made ven tilating system being used there? Now let us go to the next question, pro tective creams and lotions. Let us have dearly in mind that a cream or a lotion is smeared on the skin for a purpose, and JSth National .Stlii ty ( oit'irsM* I ilir IS to prevent the Mio.irr.itc amounts of smOiHIiiijk <>r other (min inimnK into <ont.ot uilh the skin means of a patch test or hy actual expert erne in the use of the cream. In that cast, some other moans of protection must he adopted, or the man assigned to other ! In sr (reams ami lotions ate of two Limk. 11nsc that are water stiluMc for use in i-ilv exposures, ami those which are w >r k l he great proportion of creams now on i he market appear to he reasonable free ml soluble for use mi aqueous exposures I Ins use of < ream, I declare arbitrarily. irom any irritants or substances that are particularly likely to bring about an al ,u ( hairmari of tins part), s not in lieu lergic reaction. The main thing is to select of a it v Other tnnirol 1 hese creams artused br*anse controls cannot he made ilisi duf r. am) because there arc sensitiv, the one designed for the type of protec tion required. These (reams, we have found, are often suin', to he taken tare of < <nisider.ihly abused Men seem to think, I >r < ranch, would von like to discuss the effectiveness and tlir use of (roams, fmm the viewpoint of the dm tor who has m many places, that ibe cream has to be applied in a coating that by its mechanical ilmkncss to the naked eye will protect a 'ink oved purchasing agent who buys an ml soluble when be wants a water < bib|r ami vn e versa* Protective Creams and Lotions UK ( AN( II I think you have 'tailed Miiiirllim^ l'rote<tivc creams ter i.unlv have a held m t)e protection of 'km from various irritant siihstain Os. 1 w*u)d pul far aliead of the use of protec live creams, liowcvcr, good personal livvu ne and thorough cleanliness on the pul d the worker Where that is oh taint d. the question of protective (Teams i' le'ser importance. sometimes nega- ' v < on \< u | ,t nee the skin. J have seen a man put on a uiMTier of .i pound where half an inch squeezed out of a tube would probably have answered the purpose. In that ease, they often run into other ditto idfies Many of these creams which protect from oil substances, arc creams which have a soap base; the men are sittipl\ running around in a soap poultice, ami they work up an irritation which is a* great or in some cases greater than that which would have resulted from the ex posure they sought to prevent. In the oily cream preparations which protect from water soluble substances, they offer us very queer mixtures. Lauo I here are certain exposures, however. hue as a base. I think, is the thing of t ri* n, <d personal hutmir or choice for that type of protection, rather ''* 4- ' >. * jh i-, ".'! i r* m ,rr a pefotavim It works a little fur k l ) * r \ l *** f t r o V a \ * a ; 1 af 1' ; *- * e f - \ f r - * * - c o- \ - two djeo, v- 1 v.. ... - ,t'rr if f'* the skin. 1 h*W\e. ard will pro m -n a 'i-orr ifvr'mgb manner than the ..... l,i*e prevaravor* which jo*i t invars n ib* d>,`u1.ranoTi sr.d ** k ( t'oti oi am <rram m <<>uT*-e is the iuuim m(i: (ver iVe s^-dacf ard are moo ra-d\ rubbed off and fail in their prolec i t * ** It r . *x an * ul v udi i ,r *1 * * * * n.-io io- w at* r *-* ! u* d* \i'"tkT ihmj i. consider is that tW cream vsfiub will form a atinh over tin Iasi w..rd has certainly not been said < `kin and f taf tin prmlratioii of tin ndv 'r,ie, me * reams; they are in the proce* t father rapid development ! belirw Nnd on the other hand, if it t< a water voluhte substance front whnh we nuit )iav< protection. we must have an <dv hase in tfie protective cream I fie first i <msidfration, then, is that the r<am itself shall not contain an irritant I hat mi Mentally opens up the whole held there arc* commercially available suitable ty pes of protective creams. m| on the other hand, they can he made q for a specific purpose very satisfactoH| on the advice of your physician. You a get a u-n satisfactory cream that caul produced m hulk for your own use. d a/Jergv l here are many people <en Respiratory Protection siN \ e t<* certain of the common ingredients used m inanv of these protective coating* Ihrv tan probable onlv lie discovered h\ t il Mini \\ JOHNSON: We vi i.ntfiuur utrh the discussion of rrspfcl (>Lt u ptUhuml ( ,nilml 141 tory protection. In connection with the examination of thousands of foundrymen, Dr. Sander has explored the opera tions which they conduct so that lie knows what they all mean. He of course has found that some of the men arc pro tected hy exhaust systems, and some of the men are protected hy personal body protection, either filters or the airline type of respiration. I interpret respiratory protection to mean the kind of respiratory protection that yon stick onto the man. Of course, it is all respiratory protection, hut l wonder if Dr. Sander would like to discuss whether or not he has found by the actual examination of men that the satisfactory type of respirator has been found whirli will actually protect the men. DR. SANDF.R: Beginning with >and Masters, undoubtedly ibe modern air hel met affords almost 100 per cent protection for the prevention of silicosis, provided the helmet is kept in good working condition, and provided the air pressure coming into the helmet is satisfactory. In the observation of about .100 sand blasters in a seven-year period J have yet lo see the first one develop silicosis who had worked only with the modern hel met. Also, 1 have seen no so-called first stage cases develop a second stage sili cosis during that interval. A first-stage case has been kept at work; he has not hftn shifted. We feel that a sand blaster with a modern helmet is breathing less dust than aayone else in the foundry as a matter of hrt. and there is certainly no point in idling him nut onto the floor, removing piece of respiratorv protection ;md #ing him more dust than he is getting tttn*<and blasting job. respiratory protection, provide* an exhaust system is used ami is m propci working condition. The exhaust ventilation for swinp grinders is a little more difficult, but i< has been accomplished. There are ver> few swing grinders in Wisconsin that an exhausted, however. It has been our ex perience that swing grinders have not de veloped as much silicosis as was at first believed, and the reason probably is thai by the lime they get the castings there is no more molding sand on them. It has all hern removed first in the grinding wheels with all the artificial abrasive, so the only silica the swing grinder is breathing is generally plant dust. Moldcrs and core makers need no spe rial respiratory protection, in my opinion \ niolder just could not do the job very wrll if lie were required to wear a respira tor from morning unfit night. I do not think I would depend on a respirator for the protection of the man with the tuberculous scar. 1 would rather move him to some other job. or move his job somewhere else, or localize his job in -eparatr room and ventilate it. I see no reason why we should worry about a sand blaster today, even with a tuherculou'i scar. We feel they are not going to develop silicosis, and therefor* we think that what little dust there ma> be will have no effect on such a tuber culous scar. We have not permitted sand blasters with tuberculous scars to continue working on that job, but l think we should permit them to do so today, knowing that the hazard of sand blasting is controlled provided, of course, the equipment is kept in working condition. t concerned, of course it is always adfebte to exhaust when possible. There a few occupations that cannot be ex satisfactorily. One of these is chipping, and where sand chipping be done, it is advisable for the chip|o wear the filter respirators. How,treu there it is advisable to try some _ method of cleaning the casting it h all that is feasible--for instance. !ng with high pressure combined r and sand, and so forth 'Mb ordinary stand grinding, there is CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: That dis sertation answers beautifully the question of respiratory protection as far as it applic* to llie foundry, and I think direct analogy will carry that opinion over into almost any other exposure that you choose to carry it into. In order to play absolutely fair with everyone in the audience, I am going to Mart on the questions that have come to me. and there are quite a number. Here is the first question: Assuming hat the development of adequate engin- 1 L' sil, A-Id/ ` < < lii 1 d ix u It i a state man into the plant friiny .hkI mnlx.il |r) *at t 111` n 1 is <-ss<M Hal t . ) 11 > >| m 11 \ H.uirnl ilnsl ba/anls w it In >iit expei ling Inm to change a recom mendation into an order overnight 1 have lu.u .m i lir smaller plants, those having PM) ,,t Jtm rnipi-nr-v, x^v with tins pt.l> not seen that m this treatment of the occu pational disease problem 1 am not tefhng Irm a'xl (Irln nimr whether nf n<<{ thcv von that it docs not exist. I say I have h.iw- ,t Ii.i/a r < l< <ii s i < >n i) j! i< hi i>r an> other < < < < ii | > ri 111111.11 tlisrast* t>n<! 111< >n ' ll would hr imposvil>|c in many taM*s for ihrsr small plants to vet up elaborate ami expensive < ontrol departments 1,. It ,n| iIm ,ih^\ rr in a definite diret Hi'ii. I am t*1 -u^KCst that perhaps tin a ns \\ i i ln-s m tlx innit dr vel< >pimnt m .iIiiim'I i\ii\ 11111 > i s 11 i 11 Mat<`. divisions -.I . v. m..ii x .ual tliM.ivr hv^iene, either in thr Department i>l I ahor or the Departiii* tit 't Hi a 1111 I am sure |)r. Leonard (>n w xi h I like to answer that rpie s f mu The Small Plant Problem OK * . K EKN 111 i l<<. 1 here are two not seen it I have here a question for our engineers Yesterday they were talking about weld ing metal and fume fever, and so forth Here is the question. Does an exhaust system from electrical welding affect the tvpc of weld? As I view this question, it means this: WheU von weld with an electric welding process using a coated electrode, the flux ing of the coating produces an umbrella or tent over the weld arc itself and thereby excludes the air from the arc and prevents oxidation of the steel which is being cast mto the hole bring filled up. and prevents oxidation of auv of the material or metal things tliat the mu.tiler plant may do; one is to make nse of its insurance company to the fullest extent, and the second is to make use of mm Ii facilities as the state has at its disposal, either the Department of l abor or the I >rparttnent of Health. that is in the fused state. Now the question is. if you stick a heavy exhaust there and pul! away that vapor which provides the protection, do you ruin your weld? Is the control for health at the expense of the weld, or would it be In approximately JO states in the Union, better to forget that and limit the time there are divisions of industrial hygiene in either the Department of l.ahor or the Department of Health, and in a few cases of the welding? Does anybody here want to answer .ii both, ami tiny are always prepared and that ? ra^er to help the smaller plant, particu* MK. BONSIB; I think that if you have larlv with smh problems as this. M/oiv of the insurance inmpanies have developed divisions of hygiene ami have experts on their stall wbo are also pre pared ami able to render service along these lines. It seems to me that the big gest problem is to get the small plant management to recognize that the stum bling Mock is management itself. Once general ventilation there would be very little danger of destroying that umbrella that Mr. Johnson has mentioned. Of course, it is advisahte to remove those fumes as near the source of origin as pos sible. You have to get within eight inches, and not more than that, to really get effi cient results, and being that close you do not require more than 100 or 200 lineal that recognition has been achieved, it is feet per million a relatively simple thing to obtain prac lii.ilh free service from either of these two organizations in an effort to really f do not think there is enough cooling action to do damage. As a matter of fact, some tetr, wc were interested in making do inihfriuiur preventivc work. hHMHM AN lOHNSON l et me add one thought to that answer. I am familiar seemed to indicate that there was no dam age done. However, you come where ike damage would be done if you exceed that, but f do not think you need to exceed 100 ii itb inosf of those divisions In none of them is there anvhodv carrying a big or 200 lineal feet per million. If you have general ample ventilation, then you do Mu k to browbeat *r to hammer into shape the small plants that want lie Ip They not have any danger, in my opinion. are already giving help in an advisory fashion CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: That seems to he a logical conclusion. U is certainly .or o{iini<n based upon observation of that f here has been fear at tunes, that \ on f h < ii ftilnutil / >i \,o w ( 143 sort of problem I be next question is: "is tliere enough silica in the average fire brick to affect workers seriously?" In other words, if we explore clay for its refractory property on the one hand, and its plasticity on the other, is there a descending order of silicosis hazard from the fire brick on the one side, down through plastic china clay or paper clay on the other? Mr. Hazard, the questioner wants you to talk about the amount of hazard in the fire clay, and for want of a better defini tion tec us leave out the Canister brick which is a brick the sand of which we know to be pretty close to 100 per cent silica. MR. HAZARD: I think this is really a medical question. But there are certain fire bricks which are very high in silica, and certain others which have practically none or a negligible amount in them. You have a range there from what might be called a dangerous condition, down to one where you are practically sure no danger exists. It seems to me that if you had a fire hrick with very high silica content, with the chipping and knocking of the brick layer against the brick, it might stir up considerable dust and might be a silicosis hazard, but I would like to hear the medi cal side on that question. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Will either of the doctors discuss the inherent toxicity of the fire clays as they are normally handled in the manufacture of brick? DR. GREENRURG. It seems to me the Chairman ought to tell us what the percentage of free silica is in the fire clay. He has talked around the question, but he has not told us the crux of the whole problem. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. The prob lem seems to me to he related to the aotion that mayhe these mixtures are so mixed that other thing* beside the silica produce an alleviating or an ameliorat- Ioig effect to prevent what silica there is Irom causing silicosis. Clays do not seem to produce silicosis. It is the dry-pan grinding of all kinds of tilings that produces enormous quantities oi dust some of which contain silica, and run of lire clays, hut I am not giving the medical answer It is my thought, that the hazard produced in the clay products is not an inherent one, hut one thrown in by violent agitation due to dry grinding operations. l et us go on to another interesting ques tion: "To what extent are the industries with which this panel are familiar pro viding washing lacilities. and what are the advantages of washing in showers, and so forth, accruing to the employees on the one hand, and the employer on the other, and how is the thing paid for?" Well, we know that in some states, washing facilities are required hy law in certain types of industries, and in others they are put in. I can visualize the need to develop this question in two ways; one for the con trol of a serious occupational disease ex posure such as lead; and the other, the general industrial hygiene, to get folk* to wash on the developed fact that by care ful washing a great many of the dermatitis problems solve themselves. Will f)r. ("ranch talk about the pro vision of washing facilities? DR. CRANCH: Washing facilities are most desirable things in any plant, large or small. As the Chairman ha* said, it i* the most important factor in the preven tion of occupational dermatitis, to ay nothing of general hygiene to the work men. The vicissitudes of trying to establish any adequate washing facilities in in dustry are great. My first experience occurred over forty years ago as a work man. In that plant there was no water available, although it was a large plant, and unless you sneaked from the job and went around to a faucet which was used fur sprinkling the front lawn, you had no water available. It was not expected that hands should he washed. A man worked at his job, ate his lunch, worked all day and went home so black as a rule you could not tell his race. I.ater l became much interested in the development of washing facilities. I re member in one very large plant we put in excellent washing facilities, and it was surprising to see how they were abused even to the point where in some cases we had to discontinue service. In other or- I 11 JStli National \afcly ( oui/ri-.w gam/a 11< m.m attempt on the part * t the imiMKCiiirnl to furnish good washing la*iliius met with consistent refusal on tin |>.nt *t tin workmen In cooperate with thrm m the me of these things, eu'ii vc hr r < tin nofhneii were given time out at foil pa\ on loinpan) lime to wash, i he v would n< it ih> it h or t iin.il el v. these conditions ha\< hanged. .on! the men themselves now ap pin cite those f.uilides w here thev are pul in. ami thev generally demand them where t hev at e not put in I think w.idimg facilities are a most nn pot tant feature in the control of oeeupa tioiial diseases. ami a number of oeeupa tionil eonihlioos aside from dermatitis 1 here are a number of occupations where May we have a development of that question from Dr. Greenburg? I)K. GREENBURG: In dealing with die whole problem of dermatitis due to the use of cutting oil, you are dealing with several different factors which may produce different types of skin lesions l lie cure for all of these, it seems to me. In s in the use of proper protective oint ment before tlie men start work in the morning, ami the washing up at the end of each shift with the proper type of non irritating soap. The easiest way to get the men to use i mm irritating soap is to supply one so ihey will not purchase an irritating soap themselves. If you leave it to them, they may purchase one which seems to work rapidly, hut which may have irritating i otnpli tc showers are furnished and those fa< difu-s are very largely a measure of prevention of occupational disease; ami at tin- beginning of the day's work the men change to working clothes where previously that was not done. properties. ()n the other hand, if the management supplies it, they can purchase one of suit11>Ie quality which in general may he of .i more satisfactory type. The whole problem of oil folliculitis Oil Dermatitis < II A I IU1 A N JOI 1 NSON Mere i* ,iml nil dermatitis can be handled and is handled in many plants on a very satis factory basis, by these simple means, and a not Ikt quest ion ' Is it not an accepted fact that ml dermatitis is more of a mechanical break down of tlir skin than it is a toxic proh no far as I can see does not present any insurmountable difficulties whatsoever. The usual defect in the system seems to he that the plant does not pay any atten tion to the problem until many of the sire of the employees to use abrn si\ ('Icauscrs nn tlu* hands?' men become infected and many of them have skins which are more or less ruined by an accumulation of oil and foreign Cutting oils and < t her ..ils 1 >r< *d m e <|r n i a 1111' and represent three hazards ( )m produces a plucking of the hair follicles, which is largelx a mechanical thing of rubbing oil and dirt or what have vm, mt<> the skm matter in the pores of the skin At that time, preventive measures are no longer sufficient. It then becomes necessary really to cleanse the skin thor oughly and repeatedly so as to once again bring it hack to its normal dean condi I hen wc have what I think the doctors call heterothrtna. which is probably a chemical burn, an irritation of the skin which is another tvpc of dermatitis. Then there is a third one. winch produces blood poisoning or boils where the od lias been supporting an infective medium bacteria <f some sort t an \a < orhe that od contact problem by handling the washing of men in a satis fa tore tnanm r through washing facilities, ami the discouragement of the use of harsh abrasive soaps, or doesn't it make any difference ? tion. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Let us go over to the engineering side and talk on the industrialist who manufactures oils to provide himself a meal ticket and tries to prevent just this hazard from causing trouble. MR HONSHU I agree with much that the doctor has said about getting good ml in the first place. I think that one of the big causes (and I have studied this problem a lot for the reason that you hear many stories of in juries dm* to cutting oils) is that the oil Occupational l>isca\c ( unlrol II IS not kept clean. In the cases we have checked the trouble has been due to the use of dirty oil, or using oil over and over again that is filled with small particles of metal. These cause small injuries to the skin, and that in turn brings about fur ther damage. So if you keep the oil clean. I do not think you will have much trouble I think the practice of men spitting in the oil and using the oil over and over again has caused much more damage than the so-called paraffin acne. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: The next question is this: "Should employees working in departments subject to occu pational disease hazard he acquainted with ami informed of these hazards, or kept m ignorance of them?" DR. SANDER: Undoubtedly, em ployees should he informed of every hazard to which they are exposed, and they should he informed also of the findings on exami nation. Anyone going to his doctor, for any reason whatsoever, wants to know what was found. In the same-way, an em ployee going to a plant doctor wants to know what was found. He is not paving lor the examination, hut that makes no difference, he is still a human being who t interested in his own health and hi ( future years of gainful employment. The practice in Wisconsin with physical examinations has been to give employees a duplicate ropy of the report which the employer receives. The Wisconsin Indus trial Commission recently published a declaration of principles on physical ex aminations in industry which everyone in terested in this problem should see. In that it is specifically requested that em ployees he given a copy of the report which the employer receives. That is not a complete record or report; n is merely a statement or lisfing of the important defects. I believe that it is as rong to give employees complete re ports as it is to give them nothing at all. S worker is not interested in what his Uood pressure reailing was yesterday or today: he is merely interested in know* whether or not it is significantly hifth. 4 that is all he cares about. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Is there ybodv else on the panel who would like 4irn<s the question? VR RONSIR: I think you can cause --- unrest through fear. by failure to toll the man, than in au> other vva> II ntav imagine he has something, and h worries and worries, and finally becomes victim of what is known as autohypnosi w hatever that is I think by relieving his mind and tellin him exactly what is what, you lift tHi worry from him and you ease his min< all of which makes a better man of hin CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now let i tackle another question: "Vrocessing a certain cellulose product involves ove night soaking in a solution of .5 per cer formaldehyde, and subsequently con side i able formaldehyde odor is given off durin the drying of which those tn the vicinit often complain. How much forinahh hyde would represent toxic proportion^ And how could the quantity present in tV air best he determined?" Hr Meiter, would you like to tack that problem? DR. MEITER: In my own experiem formaldehyde is irritating enough so th von would not require refined technic instruments to make determinations, b cause it is very easily noticeable in lo concentrations. I think proper enginee ing methods could he devised for elim nating the fumes without using technic instruments, because it is necessary to ker the fumes down to very low concentratio otherwise a dermatitis may develop ar also sore eyes CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Does tl medical side of our panel wish to deveh that any farther? DH. ( RANCH: I think that questic illustrates one of the phases where it not necessary to have engineering help order to determine whether or not y< have reached a point of safety. Cormaldehyde vapors are not likely he toxic, since in a concentrated form is so irritating that just for comfort son relief would he demanded, so that we ne< not he particularly concerned about wh concentration is obtained. There are a number of chemicals that sort where the immediate effects a xn irritating that toxic exposure wou usually hr avoided in the course of ore narv good practice in handling the m tcrial CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: t ook savs lie has another idea Warn 1 U Wf/i AdlMH.i/ S <if ,7 v < ''' \IK i nnK l he literature dors v *n i.tm soinr iiilnim.iimn i mu rnini^ the <le \ r!>| nnr n l <t irritative .u (tons, ami wc jr r w i * ider i m t ('iiiiot li< nt whether t) > r* < >i n r n i r a t n >n x vs hull were listed ui the thing like that. If an employee upon ex amination shows a very slight increase of lead content above normal after sixteen v cars' exposure, would you change his ocx upation ? literature am) the irritative action was as xo< lated wttli a tolerable amount of irnta DR. DREENBURG. I would want to know where he showed it, and how. tion, nr whether it was in the higher de grers of irritation CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: If I may answer the question, it seems logical that We ran some analyses on some formal if there is lead showing up, it came from dehyde gas m an operation where formal somewhere, and having explored that you dehyde was being used in the manufacture can determine the engineering phase of of synthetic resin. I he method we used was the bubbling of the air of the plant the control, and perhaps he can stay on the job after you have controlled the lead through water, with two huhhhngs in a series, am! tested with Shift's reagent, the regular method for the determination of formaldehyde, and we got results that were in the area of the breathing zone of less than ?() parts per million, which is usually suggested as a satisfactory con centration At one point we ran it up to 90 or 100 fumes. Mr. Cook, won t you answer the follow ing question? "What instruments ar there on the market which are reasonable in cost for small shops to purchase which can be used to check atmospheres in metal spray work for zinc, iron and other harm ful fumes? Must several instruments be I used where many types of metals are ! parts per million, and at that point 1 found 1 could keep my nose there for thirty sec onds before I decided to back away from sprayed during a working day?" Metal Spraying Equipment j it Hut I do agree with Dr. Cranch and I)r. Meiter that where the irritation does MR. COOK: On metal spraying, there are several angles. No. 1, a booth, a ven- j tilated booth should be used where pot- ] get excessive, then the irritative gas can he taken as the determining factor even though with most of the materials the irritation is not the safe way to determine whether a gas condition is or is not safe. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON : Here is another question: "Is sulphur dioxide gas in concenttations low as 10 parts per million for pro longed exposure considered hazardous to the health ?" Doing to the medical side, will either l)r C.reenburg or Dr Cranch tell us if sulphur dioxide in such low concentration represents a hazard for continuous expo sure? DR. OKI- KNIUIRG: I cannot say off hand It is just about on the borderline, 1 think CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now. if an employee upon examination shows a very Might increase of lead content above nor mal after sixteen years of exposure, would you change his occupation? 1 do not know what a "very slight1' amount of lead is I think presumably tins means a few stipple cells, or some sihle. Secondly, the man should in molt * cases be given a positive pressure air - supply. ; Now, assuming that the particular j operation is one in which the man may be spraying brass, there are various methods tiding the ventilated booth. Let us assume for the moment that be is provided with ik' respiratory protection. If a man i* spraying zinc and the booth is providing adequate exhaust so there is not much of a cloud of zinc and he does not get metal fume fever, it is probable that it is not necessary to make any determination for zinc. If during the course of the day the man is spraying some lead and some cad mium. I would feel very definitely that it would he well to run an electrical pre cipitator sample, analyze the sample, and obtain the electric precipitation for lead and also for cadmium which would be routine chemical procedure, and the con centration of both of those should be kejl below the suggested toxic limit in order to assure that voti are on the safe side. I would feel that it would not be neces sary to analyze for zinc under those coft* ()t t uRational I h sea vr ( on it </ N7 ditions, or tor other of the mct.iis unless (here is some additional one that is par ticularly toxic. Hut particularly where ^ou do have lead or cadmium, the deter mination should he made for those, and based upon those determinations you can get an idea on the basis of the relative duration of spraying of those particular metals what the exposure is. DR. MEITER: 1 agree with Mr. Look, and I believe the solution of this problem it first, the use of a properly ventilated booth so as to eliminate the exposure !<> the other workmen in the vicinity. The second item is the use of a positive pressure airline respirator to protect the operator. I think that conducting metal izing operations all over the shop and without adequate equipment, especially here such metals as lead are sprayed, arc going to produce occupational diseases. I believe the proper thing to do is to start right with the proper type of equipment, by providing the booth and protecting the man, and you will then not need the tampling devices. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Then the specific answer to the question seems tn be the lead precipitatm ax the one gadget that will he most useful, and the sample should he analyzed quantitatively in the chemical laboratory. 1 want to ask the doctor a question in connection with pre-employ me nt medical examinations The exposure is something that may cause dermatitis. 1 take it from the question that the problem of allergy arises Do you recommend patch tests in conjunction with pre-employment exami nations to determine an employee's pos sible allergy to the exposure* DR. t RANCH In general, I would say you would hardly he warranted in con ducting patch tests on all applicants for employment. Where we have a known material to which the employee is being exposed that very commonly produces an allergy reaction, it might he advisable to use such a filter. Patch tests are not 100 per cent infallible, and they are not alto gether simple They have to he very care fully given and very carefully interpreted. For that reason, they are not an integral part of an average preliminary agreement upon examination. They might he quite misleading. ADJOURN MF.NT Mw> ,\ ii 111 > n ii l Au/7v ( tnit/t r.\* A MIDiIm! |>< I M H | .......I |'f." >' I \H | I t V < 1 11 I S to In- a V('l\ f if^t ant training giwn ^ilh (lie undci ^ i <41 i< I ii k it should !< resorted t*> m mrr Krn' ' >'' > >nl \. j>< i id t lie ar r i val o I llic mif m ' > t w 11M mtiii to have its plj e i-n tin ->.*!< t\ I'fo^r^in. is a means of keeping tlx itini -..i I < t \ minded ami more rlh irnt Kc'-iist ilal i >n iiisirm lions should In im I mini in mi* 11 a >iii se Ml new <'i|iii|>ini ii| ,111(1 additions should U- arrfnll\ ms|xtri| 1*\ all mm cninl, tlio -af*t\ rrignicrr. tin onnmitlri', llr oj>rrator, ibr niAtnti ii.im* < mm am! the engi neering drparlmu nt for hazards, ami steps slionM Ik- taken nnnndiatrlv to eliminate any dial ma\ In' < * ii'-i* lor r< I to exist I have stated that lnlh from a moral ami mi nrn.n\ staml|Himl the sujH-fvisor miisl pl.n e a* i nlrnt prevention work on a par wiih am <<t his nllu i duties He must as simie the r< s|*imimIm!iI\ for all accidents oc- iiirnng in Ins department In order to keep these act tdenls down to a minimum, he must have Ins men convinced that he is per sonally interested m their welfare and prob- U nt-s He should act as friendly and neKli- horly possible towards his men without losing any of their resj>ect. lie must take active leadership in such worthwhile on dravors as employee training, safety com nnttec work, first aid training, hazard elimi nation, safety meetings, the dissemination of safety information amt employee welfare \\ ork If all sit|Hf visors would religiously follow these practices, I feel certain that the munInt of ac'-idf..;, m our mills would he much less than they arc at present and it is pri marily up to the null manager to see that micIi practices are followed. t H AIRMAN ( HAN I' The other half of the contribution on this subject is to he made from the "Viewpoint of the Mill Worker," by Mr Frank I Pavlis The Human Side By F. J. PAVLIS Fireman and Engineer, The Flintkote Company, East Rutherford, N. J. l ust, let s t oiiMilt i the new etnplo\ee h'ecnrds show that it's the new etnplo\ee who gels hint inns t ( 11 < n I lie new man should be made to feel im inr.h.ileU that he is one of the gang He slmnld In' introduced to Ins fellow workers m a lnendl\ manner, sudi as I Ins is Mill, Inn m latk" ami not " 1 his is Mr Mrown' "i "Tins is Mr Smith" As the foreman proceeds to at quaint the employee with his duties, i( would Ih1 *w* *eVll for him to acquaint lumself, too, with the personality of the man, judge his mental capactH, his weakih-ss< s and Ins eapahthties After his instruc tions as to the operation of the job, and the rules of safet\, the forrtnan should keep a close wahli as to how the new man his m with the gang wlutln i lie is going to Ih- a build or ju>t a wind hag. an<l if the fore man has hern a !mdd\ to Ins own men, it wont he long hrfox In will know how the new man rates V on w ill note tli.it tin word "buddy" is applied both lo tin* Mueman and the cm jdosee And what a word it is f I low im portant to safety is the relationship which it denotes How much letter the new employee feds when the foreman comes in on the second morning and greets him with a "Hello, Mill" or a "Lood morning, Jack" in stead of passing him by as though he were allhcted with night blindness A friendly foreman puts the new employee at case, lets him keep his mind on his work and its possible hazards, without worrying about what the "Moss" thinks of him. H the man has been out of work for a long lime ami needs the work badly, he will be anxious to make good at first. A tough and thoughtless foreman sometimes makes tlx new man nervous and jittery, afraid to ask questions, with the result that he is an un safe worker; and the hut-man, if he only knew it, is to blame Here is an illustration. About a year ago at the height of the dej>ression, one of our departments developed a spurt of business and hired a couple of men. One 1'oper ,,,i,/ Pulp Section 507 - ----- --mmvNJ H. When (he twelve o'clock whistle blew and the gang in the department knew it was lunchtime, they separated, grabbed their boxes of lunch anil got around in (In different corners and sat down to cat. Iho other fellows didn't pay any particular at tention to the new man, lint when it not close to starting time at half-past twelve, they noticed this chap in the corner, evi dently not eating a thing. In the meantime, of course, all these birds had eaten up their lunches. .......... still 10 \ oil fls \<u rc)>oit mmic defer I m the machinery you arc ojieraiing, or miiiic job \ou are doing, with the assmatue that he will have it fixed light a wav ; and then docs it, showing real, humane consideration f<n the welfare of hs nun, instead of saving, "Well, let'* get hy with it ax long as we van an<i well fix it over the week end" Perhaps hy (hat time someone has lost a finger No foreman can expeet lux men to report unsafe practices or condition* if, when they One of them said, "What's the matter, Jack, don't you eat today?" And he said. "Well, no; I guess 1 can stand it until three o'clock. I didn't bring any lunch, and I have no money to buy any." Well, this other fellow jumped around among the others, and made a little col lection. They have a restaurant down there where they can get sandwiches and bottles of coffee. But in order to get the sand wiches and coffee, they had to get a pass from the foreman to get out of the gate He's one tough baby, that foreman--at least, we all thought he was tough Rill went to the foreman ami said, "Here, Red, this young fellow just came in this morning, ami lie hasn't had any thing to eat and lie has no money to buy anything. Can f go out and get him a sandwich and a liottlc of coffee?" And the foreman said. "Where are you lining to get the money ?" And this guy said. "That's none of your business. Wc don't need money; all we are reporter!, nothing is ever done about them, or done six months later. The men arc quick to realize when the foreman really doesn't care, or is so concerned with pro duction that safety comes last Men want safe conditions. Men don't want to get hurt, but if they can't get coo]>eration front their foreman, they soon give tip trying. They know it's no use, ami instead of reporting a hazard, they figure, and logically mi, "it s every man for himself around here, and the devil take the hind most.*' Let's consider, next, the attitude of the foreman when the man makes an error None of ns wants to ho caught violating any company rules of production or safely, hut sometime*, in spite of everything, that happens. Now. how does the foreman handle it ? We don't feel so badly when the fore man will come over and xav "Now, Jack, yon made a hum guess on this thing, and you didn't use your head, and l have to answer for it hut I'll ttv ami adjuM it with the Mig Moss." Mnt when the foreman who sits in a little office in a corner of his de want to do is to get through the gate." And the foreman said, "Here, take my lunch and give it to hint. I'm going over to the cafeteria and get mine." partment and governs us hy remote control, sits down and writes a long letter to the Mig Moss, we feel wc have committed an un pardonable blunder Now, you know, that little move on the part of that tough bird just knocked the task right off his face, and since then he has the friendliest hunch of men you would The first guy, this buddy foreman 1 have s|okcn of, lias made us feel that just for his sake the error will never be repeated. With the second foreman, the thought with want to meet anywhere. When he comes in the morning, lie is not afflicted witli this night blindness you hear about. He tomes through and says, "Hello, fellows," and there isn't a thing the fellows in that department would not do for him. Then, there's the attention paid hy the foreman toward the requests of both new us will !k\ "f) K , Mai, I'll get even with you f<r this." The u mjIJ is carelessness or sabo tage, cither <*( which ma\ endanger the safety of other employees. Which type of foiemuu will have the safest department? I lien, then 's the question of personal health I he man who becomes ill through faulty living or indulgence will go to his foreman who is a "buddy," and ask to get IJ 'Ml i ,Y,,/,.| n,il N-lf. I v t "`"I' I'l [.,1 I' ll I I n- n i .mu ' N . -. ^ I i i *1111. i 1 mjdosir ;iii'\\(iv |istiiiimiiitr ion I Mime Mlfltm s )cfnrr In mg laid oil, 1 i UrH i to U gal depaitmeuf. 1 I ghl as h.o d as jMissihle, 1 h. What is \oin rain* ..I non disabling (I.) i .......... . I" .III' ""l ..........'' oinfiis to di -a hittig nifton - 3 llnaver.tgi ol (In aii'iuis is^liS I N . b, 17 \Vhal is the avciagc time los| |< a \... 24 (. ) I \..ii h.tw .( pi V*-. u No. 24 10 At w 11.*i ,igi i- \ iii ,n fill | ,, J1 M|| 111 I'l.tll I"'1 lis.,hhng tnjni) 3 Id das s, ;m or<1 inn to 44 repot ts (Average for die mdiisfrs wa> reported about 120 da\s in 10dK) IK \\ lial is the average cost per dis- MI.. . lb , t 3 Mm. agr f.x \ i 'i . 2S ahbng injury ? $270 00. aiTimlmn to 19 reports \t r 11. (0 \ i v K \\ < <mii n. .i^i 4 4 \ l - . / \\ < ij n< ri. ;i gr M) \ t , 7 ) )r|>rni|s <)) i mulitinn, I fl Him i|i ion handle called "neeii 1'iiiu m.d 01 -.im 3 a Nd i hum-'. n b A^ vmiijH'ii'iililr injuries where I ntr 10 What Is the average time lost after henna operations 3 7 weeks, according to d9 n ports lamest time lost d weeks t neatest tune fo*t Id weeks No time lost with injection treatment "2S rases treaterl h> mjeetton nu tliod with 25 eures reported " law s provide, 1 4 i N < i c x | ( i h nrr. 12 <! \ n M-t |*i >ln \ , 4 < hange implovee to remove lonfacl, or deter Millie .Old fcnii'W railse, 2 I I rc.ilmt n! on)\. it satisfied that lhe\ .in'-r Worn m mji.itiitii, 2 g \*. wink dial liiii'O i >i < npahnnal l" 1.0, I h \ -x r .*'(*" i * ( 111Me s v, 4 12 I >o \ * >11 mh Iti'lc |m i iiuni iil partial do 1.1111\ i,iiiuy> mi \ ..iii ariili nf *.tnliNln-v 3 Vrs, 44 No.' I 44 Iii a g i \ ni i .0, that lovrv n<. imic SO What are the d most frequent tyi*es of injurs ? Injuries were reported m the follow mi* oTtler of (requeues ( tits Ala asmtis Hrnises ami mashes Strains Strained barks Murns (various t\p<s) l otei^n lM`dies m eyes I ra<lures f'uueture wounils aud shvers I lermas < <as rtleets liMm iuirk but <\rulu.db ha- a n'll.uii pet < eiitage of permanent paihal disability, do \oii ilassit^ it ;v a disabling mjiir\ undo ' idici the A I* I m \ S ( Si hrdnlr*-3 Vrs, SO \ii. (t 41 I )o y,tu i la-'-'ilv linmiis as disabling II eat elTerl s 51 Are sour freipienes and seventy rate4 decreasing 5 Yes, 45 No, 0 52 I )o your ent)dosaa s lose more liiwc from initustrial injuries; iion-iudusirial in m )ii r te s under etlhi r 11 ic A I* I of N S ( juries; or from illness3 Si hcdnlrs 3 Vrs, 10 No. IS IS How do \mi handle . t.imi'- first r* pot in! after a la\ <41 3 a Report ti. i . .m|*rn 'ii! n >n t.iint i, 2o I* Handle r.u 11 i i i fats developed I>s investigati-m, ! I i Have had iii 'ii.ti rs pi i n in i . 2 d No fixed |*ol,, s. I Illness, d8 Non-industrial m;nnes, 4 Industrial injuries, d Non industrial injuries ormr more (ft1 ipieutls than industrial injuries 5d What d illnesses eaiise most hist lime1 Colds, 24 ( U he i r rspi i a t oi \ in f< < t loin (Inl)i! I `in nnii >nia. ele ). 2** !\ h ulrinii A i hun Surijieal op< rations tAp|Hnd< 1 It *lllH silln tonnes and Ih iiimi ilnmli i I. HIM ' .O' most common operations), 1/ I lastro intestinal disorder 10 Rheumatism aud ailhntis, i, Ilia'll hlood |iu-sini , 2 I leart diseasi , 2 Is idney Hisi ,im , 2 Malaria, d I-ever, 2 Infections, d I Hood stream infections, I TulKTCulosis., 2 I h ula) treatments, ) 54 What is \oiu avniinr umuhei <*f vm plovers ? 1 o v\ 1 s I | | 1 I I I 11 M I I . |n o f' .1, |X Hilihest miinlii i m i".i ii <1. Il lNtH \\ciam nmid.i i, l 1H ) S6* I li | III It | >l i I \ lit .ill > I wli.il |'i i < nla^r drvi l'*p mU i In u ' t A ai I ii .dl\ in 'iii ^7 lh*es \ i tin diit Ini t hi i k llir physical londition ol u 11 lo \ i r s 11 s m n 11 m k work after illness 3 Yes. 17 No. d 'iiri i"..i.uif.11 v,,,,,,, lllll.-vx. 7 quest muahle tlpinmn o! allrndinu ph\suiau aciepteil, l Refinery Construction Problems By WALTER ULLRICH and E. B. HEYDEN The Lummus Company, New York City The construction department's work starts at the inception of a huildinj* pro gram, works in conjunction with the esti mating department, and later with the dc signing department A schedule is made when the equipment for the new unit will Ih* delivered on the jnh site, and provision is made to have the erecting machinery in the field ready to start erection work when the materials are delivered. The construction department huihls a held office near the joh site ami assembles a skeleton orgaimation for supervising the construction wirk. The personnel of a held organization depends <m the size of the construction program. In general, it consists of . ,\ superintendent, general fore man, field engineer, foremen for the vari ous crafts, and office personnel The next move is to huihl a tool house and storeroom. All tools for the joh are kept in the tool house when not in use on the joh. The storehouse will contain all the small equipment needed on the joh. As it is impossible to house the larger pieces of equipment, an open space is elected convenient to the joh site to store Mch equipment It is important that the receiving clerk sees that the incoming ship tents of the larger items are conveniently pheed so that the various items are casilv Kcesihle when needed Whew these preliminaries have hern dis pensed with, suitable transportation facili* ties to, and unloading facilities at, the job site are provided. The next step is the clearing of the job site for the new construction work. If there is no old equipment on llu* site, the clearing of it consists of a preliminary levelling of the ground. The final grading is nstiallv dime at the conclusion of the construction work tint if the site is cov ered with old equipment, tins equipment and such foundations as will interfere with the new imisinu lion work a? ' removed. There is hub- or no hazard encountered when levelling a job sii<- However, in the ease of old equipment to he removed, it is advisable to exenise precautions in dis mantling the old equipment especially where it is necessary to use a rutting torch. As an initial step, care should he taken to have all the utility and process lines dis connected and blanked off at the battery limits and to have all the sewers, drains, and ditches crossing the battery limits in spected for flammable gases and liquids {*as tests should he made in all the vessels before they arc dismantled to determine that they air free from inflammable gases. I he next step is to make excavations for the foundations and underground lines and drains. In case the soil has poor load-hear ing characteristics, it is necessary to build (he foundations on piling for tbr heavier M8 'Mli ;V,iluntil! \iijt'fy ( < 11f ,i(f Is < -iif f tiling Inin , h in| r.Im > ;md prrsMire** '"miOm i< 11 mm f m \ iIh j inmm'ln - nrll it i < > i < I j m I )h r ni nnr1 ct ^ arr *>r in tlv pl; nl and . . .nM anl l \ < bn k d ! a'-Mirc llw m.irntnum i >l <?. 1 temper.i 1 11 I < I'/Till i.| ihlM |>t < i '.s.MlK )* I .ll U ills l tjmn'^ inuiMial tan. extreme ,U(iiFiU\ t < m I m ir 11 with atlt<|U.tli Miper v imi >n and m- Im*m 1< h -111 < 11 i.t 111 v anti safrl\ of ihr ptodlh t In 'pile u( tin- nlnm^l i arc, defer Is n v\ ! Untanslnp anti malt rials tlt> omir in an) i iMini I a< I n i r>| a i in I < llitsr delects must I -i !'>iiihI 1 >t 11 >i e tin atlu W leaves the fat - I <r v, lliertliitt, it i-. noessary tti nuimlely uispft t eatli arlule. diligently searching for and rcjnltiig defective merchandise. 4 best* uisprt Iuts. well tiamctl, arc paid a Itonus for finding rlefetts, Imwever, as an added precaution. tlrerr workmanship in turn is t linked b\ prodm l rjuably inspectors to as-ure art nr acy am) elhciency. I lie modern tire is oii)\ one important atrrssory for the tar of today The same painstaking tare in manufacture, the same high regard for ipialitx. the same precau tions to assurt the consumers' safely is a major part of every piece of ct|iupmrnt tfiat is manufactured into rath tar Tire* are safe amt automobiles arc safe f the per son fk*h11iff the wheel and in control co operates hy thinking and tlnvmg safe!) Quality control work in any manufacturing mtlusiry involves two major safety fuuc lions The first consideration is the safety of the employee, to sec that the operator is performing his joh with the maximum degree of safety to himself, that the mate rials he works with, ins tools or machine* have no apparent functional defects that may he hazardous to safety. The second consideration, safeguarding the safety of the consumer hy seeing that each operation is lieing performed correctly, being con stantly alert to insure the observance of specifications in order that uniformly high quality, safe merchandise is produced. Dusts in the Rubber Industry By P. A. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.P.H.A. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, O hosts iii.u l>e . l.i'-ificd in two main groups I Harmful. 2 Not harmful or nuisance When we think of tins classification, we undoubtedly think of some type of pneunnniiK'omoMs However, l l*elieve we must not base our conception of dusts on this basis, but assume that all dusts are detri mental to the human system as a whole when the concentrations are high enough Whether the disability is due to a toxic condition or to a mechanical one, of course, depends entirely upon the nature of the dust I he conditions usually referred to as l*emg of mechanical origin fall under that condition known as pneumonocomosis with iK various suit divisions of 1 Nth C O s l s 2 Nidcrosis .1 Authracosis 4 Ashestosis 5 ( halcosis o t'hahcosis The method of contracting pneumonocomosis #s hy inhalation of the dust; however, all dusts do not cause pneumonoconiosil I he higher the silica content of a dust the greater the possibility of developing a fibro sis and the higher the percentage of crystal content the greater the irritation. The diagnosis of the type of pneumonoconiosis it based upon the following: 1 l`ast history and occupation. 2 Physical examination .V Clinical examination of sputum. 4. X-rays of lungs. Since we have Wen studying the lungs of industrial workers by x-rays, there has de veloped an entity which should fie termed the "Industrial Lung." This condition, I believe, should not he termed a pneumonc^ rnniosjs localise it reaches a certain stage; does not progress any further and afttf Nrveral months to a year improves. Theft arc no symptoms nor decreased rapacity of the lungs It is discovered only hy a serif* of x rays taken over a period of year*. /v ithf', r S /*, lmu The other conditions caused b> inhalations f soluble dtiMs, insoluble, hut free from dlica, and metallic dusts have to be discussed under a specific condition, for example, lead silica, theic arc main min t conditions which arc produced in the respiratory trad winch air harmful to the nuh\ idual poisoning is very frequently caused hy the inhalation of lead dust; and manv iiom and throat irritations are caused ly inhalation of insoluble dusts whose actum is strictly mechanical. We therefore may also classify ilusts as: I. Pncumonocnniotir ; 2 Non pneumonoconiotic. I he following arc the most important materials used in the mbt*er industry which iitr m the form of a ilihl oi (Hiwdcr and to which tin- individual is exposed. "I hey arc marked hy the following letters--M, harmful; Nil, not harmful; HI', harmful and toxic; HP, harmful ami pneumonoeo- Some of the principal dusts or materials used in industry which fall under these motic; NUN, not harmful hut a nuisance dust. classifications arc as follows : Pneumonoconiotic: 1. Talc soapstone with /j of \c/c or less SiOr-NHN 1 Silicosis (sandstone, slate Hour, fuller's earth, Stoughton earth, infusionat earth, rotten stone, any other clay with more than Y% of \% silica, ground glass). 2 Siderosis--iron ores, iron oxides (nat), iron sulphides (nat.). 3 Anthraeosis--coal and carbon dusts. Ashestosis--powdered asbestos, asbestos ore. 5. Chalcosis--copper ore and copper dusts. 4. Chalicosis--slum* dusts Non-Pneumonoconiotic Harmful: 1. Lead dusts, 2. Arsenic dusts. 3. Chromium dusts. 4. Cadmium dusts. 5. Antimony ilusts. t> Radium compounds. 7. Alkali dusts. A Sulphur dusts. 9. Tellurium compounds. 10. Various colored compounds such as ultra* marine bine, chromate, etc. Non-htrmful but mitance dust*: Prussian blue, lead 2 Starch and )>otalo flour--NHN. 3. /me oxide---NHN--see chest x-ray. 4. Lead oxide, metallic lead dusts, lead chromate, and the various powdered lead compounds--HT. 5. Carbon black--NHN. 0. Rubber dust --finely divided dust from bulling process--NHN. 7. Sulphur--H, sometimes irritates nose and throat and occasionally produces a dermatitis. R, Whiting--NIL V llarytes--NIL 10. Asfiestine--HP. M MgO, ami MgCO*--NH 12 Lillmponc--NHN 13. Red lead--HT. 14. High grade clay--HP if over /i of 1% silica and dnst rount is over 5,000,000. 15. Corn starch--NHN. lb. Knglish vermilion-- HT. 17. Graphite--NHN. IR Chromium oxide--HT 19. Ultramarine blue--HT 20. Titanox--NT. 21. Thcrmatonic blue--NTN. 22. Zinc stearate--NHN. 23. Aluminum--NHN. occasionally causes I. Soapstone with l/i% or less of free silica. I Zinc oxide and sulphide. 1 Barium sulphate. a mechanical dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes of nose and throat. 24. Hard rubber dust--NHN. i Plaster of Paris, i Paris white--whiting. 4 Talc. ?. Mica--may cause a mechanical irritation. 25. Lime--M caustic. Produces dermatitis. 2b. Various alkali dusts--H caustic. 27. Various chromium and cadmium dusts -HT. 1 Oxide of magnesia. 4 Titanium dioxide. 28. Mica -- NH--sometimes causes me* rhaniral dermatitis. As we can see by this classification wc cwsarily must go hark to our original Gasification of harmful, and not harmful; i I am convinced that while silicosis is m of our predominant conditions due to 29. Yellow oxide (Fe.O,), NHN. 30. Utack oxide (Fe,<>,), NHN. 31. Gypsum--NHN. 32 Casein--NH. 33. Wood flour--NH. 34 Prussian blue--HT I\uhhx'r StU turn 641 rfO .`V,ill iVi I/Omml Si IS So.Tp [t.iW.l f r - t r r il .ml Nit limps , A UnCN 'h'f M uiiitis S>i line k, < aptax N' H .17 1 'hen \ 1 I '`f hi N'-m I !t\ lam . Il l , , aiiscs .t den li.lllti* tH Sorlf h.H k Nil. si mil 1 mu s i an m-" a lii 11t KM W.t .uul t .M \ 1111 . t 1 V 111 s pt ( I.Him bill dust NUN m Hioi/r p* i \\ t If 1 HI' .u to i "PI" 1 and ii Ail < i ml t nt 41 /ini' sut|h idr N 11N 42 Sand HP 41 Various < lays ) laving more th an nf I % of free Sll i< a- 1 IP a A nt mioiiN > x idr HT a Titanium < x idf Nil 4o Varions m<rgau ir and organic clientii al (i>in{xinn<!s in powdered form often in od tier dusts t luring their use and maunlif tiif mg l he 'r must be considered in dividuaUy as toi their indnst rial hazard and *OX 1 city and at r not in the scope cof Ibis i'l (X1 r 47 Wheat an <1 potato flou r-NHN ihr.iim bronchitis, post influenzal infections, jNtst pneumonic conditions, asthmatics, and persons with myocardial involvements for dusts operations. I have found that theic is x-ray evidence <>f tul>crcnlosis in aU>ut 2 per cent of the *asrs hut only \\ of 1 per rent active and *>l a i*Tinancni disability. Uncomplicated pnnimnnncnniosis of a moderate degree is not disabling to a point of permanent disa bility. I want to present to you a case which l think is a rare one. This employee has never worked in any dust before his employ ment on his present job. He has worked for 12*4 years in line oxide dust and dur ing our periodic examinations in 1938 the x-ray picture proved very interesting. He does not have a definite pneumonoconiods hut he shows evidence of glandular fibrosis. What will develop in a few more years will he shown by x-ray examination only. He has no symptoms. I f this man had been working in load or similar toxic dusts, T hr ft d low in g procedure will he helpfut m ** dvmg voni prohlf in of dust symptoms of that particular substance would have been present 1 Make rf|i eatrd dust counts of the working area at varmiK levels. 2 Obtain some of the dust and send it t<* the laboratory for complete analysis in cluding the determination of free SiO. The dust counts on toxic dusts must be kept at a minimum, and much lower than that for silicotic dusts In silicotic dusts the particles of 10 micron size or larger are of very little concern, but with toxic dusts the 3 Kxamnie the workers, x-rays of the i hrst for th**sr working in pneumonoc oniotic lusts 4 Check the ventilation and increase it I" produce non hazardous atmospheres ! hlferentiate lx*tween coiulitions caused b\ volatile substances and solvents, and those cause*! hy dusts size of the particles is not so important as is the number of particles. The smaller the particles of dust the less the rate of settling and the greater the time of exposure, and this is the important item in toxic dusts, h'or example, the permissible amount of lead dust is approximately IS mgs. per day of eight hours. There would be very little (> Protect the workers with proper cloth chance of any one ever developing a pneu- illation he sufficient to miner the diM mini! In a certain )Hmt and haw il m.imlumnl at that point You should |m-i hmIm alK examine mur em (Imres according to tin- !\pe <d dusts ex fimrd to and a- a suggestion the following is A schedule which 1 have iim d foi a ffw years Silicosis mi siheotic dusts siv mouths m duding x-rays Non-silicious and non silicotic or toxic dusts--every year, with x-rays non- | Toxic dusts--for example lead, chromium, | memo, antimony, phosphorus, chemical dusts, and alkali and caustic dusts- every month. Nuisance dnsis- cvcry 1 to 1*4 years-- i rays only if indicated lulusitv, for ihc sdiioiu dusts alone would u-ipiite a volume to d them justice, but 1 waul vm to rnminUf that there are just as mans serums conditions which may de vi lop from the inhalation of various toxic dllst s I liiNe <on<lihntis .nr often more serious than jnemnono( omosis and develop much faster ami mi a shorter period of tune, bor instance, a pct>ou may develop a lead poison ing in two mouths (mm inhalation of lead compounds and it might take five to ten years for a silicosis to develop in the same environment of silica dust 'There are on the market today many fine and efficient protective devices such as chemical protective masks, dust respirators, jHisiiivc pressure masks, clothing ami gloves which if used will give good results. U you find any evidence of trouble it is Mter to correct the cause than to transfer live employee elsewhere, for this often reuses dissatisfaction ami suspicion AH wh conditions can lc controlled if there is cooperation l>etwcen the medical, engineer ing and managing departments In most tate* at present all conditions caused by 4ust are compensable, so it behooves the employer to correct his working conditions to a point at which there are no hazards. Conclusion Instruction to the employees hy the super vision in regard to their personal habits, their instruction concerning the type of dust they are exposed to, and why they have to use the protective appliances, will reduce the jHiSNihihtv of any trouble to a minimum. All laboratory work must be done by a technician who has been trained in the vari ous toxicological laboratory techniques and the interpretations must he made in con junction with the past history of the in dividual. May 1 say in conclusion that it It is impossible to give a detailed descrip is much more profitable to correct a dusty tion of all the dusts used in the rubber operation than to declare it a hazard. Training Supervision in Accident Prevention By JOHN J. LOGE Employment Manager, The General Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio ing ami protective respirators and masks. 7 Study the particular dusts from the mechanical and chemical nature and if the effects are unknown, resort to animal experi mentation H If dusts are toxic and harmful consider the possibility of a substitution for a nonharnifnl substance Kxaniine and x ray all employees who are feeing placed on jobs where there is a dust hazard Thrv should lie examined Kriodically 10 Make each dust problem an individual one. and in case of silicotic dusts, keep the counts Ixdow S M per ni ft., if the free SiO, o more than 1% 11 Select employees free from TB, monoconiotic condition with this dust count, hut if it is increased very little there is 1 chance for lead poisoning, and so it is with the various toxic dusts. The question in most of your minds is* "What arc you going to do about these conditions ?" The answer is simple. You are going to correct them. It has been proved many times that it pays big financial returns, creates better working conditions* and the employees have a more efficient and appreciative attitude for the employer. It is unnecessary for me to consider the methods of correcting the dust problems for this is in the realm of the ventilation engineer, hut you must insist that the vtt* A we scan the history o{ the safety aovement, we find that a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the foreman's itsponsihility in accident prevention work. Aathorities seem to agree that foremen (tad by foremen is meant direct superrision) are very largely responsible for At prevention of accidents in industry. How do these anthorities arrive at their elusions? Why must the foremen assane the responsibility for injuries to per ms under their supervision? When wc tell our supervisors that they set accept the responsibility for nrci4tH occurring in their departments, we must he prepared to state a few reasons. We ask a foreman for a report following an accident, and lie has a right to a clear understanding as to the reason why he is called upon to explain when one of his workers is injured. There is nothing mysterious aiiout the placing of respon sibility for accidents. It isn't the case of management imposing a burden upon supervision that should belong elsewhere. As soon as a person is placed in a super visory capacity, a position where he has charge of the work of others, he becomes directly responsible for their conduct and 1