Document mbym6aMD01keXk3vDKE2vo2RQ

FILE NAME: Asbestos Cement Pipe and Sheet (ACPS) DATE: 1998 DOC#: ACPS093 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Consultant Report - Grinding Asbestos Cement Pipe f # V IA S GRINDING ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE WORK PRACTICE SIMULATION DEMONSTRATION 'Prepared by: R ic h a rd L. H a tfie ld W illiam E. Longo, Ph.D - Materials Analytical Services, Inc. h .Office; .utton Street Suite 101 ,-h,NC 27606 ' 529-7041 * FAX (9191829-5518 Atlanta Office; 2945 Lakeneid Court Suwanee, Georgia 30024 **Ti\ tAA.*2r0 - " A.X .~'25 Tsbleof Contents Protocol & Summary of Data - PCM , TEM & Fabric Analysis 1 ' / ' B ulk Sample Analysis 1 2 * A ir Sample Results 3 Fabric S' ~ipie Results 4 * * 5 *> a WilsonJones. M u ltiO e x-B a sic 3!KBAe3Br**U.WL Protocol for Work-practice Simulation of Grinding ......... Asbestos Cement Pipe '' This study was designed and conducted by Richard Hatfield, W ilia m Longo and Sherm an Lee Phillips Study D esign and Methodology ' The study w as performed in an isolation chamber constructed using typical asbestos .abatem ent protocols. The size o f the chamber is approximately 1 5 'x 20'x 8 '. Th e -c h a m b e r, is constructed with two viewing windows for video taping purposes and has an air exchange rate of appoximatilylOO cubic fe e t per minute with two primary inlet sources an d a negative air machine that produces a constant flow during the workplace study. A fte r the study, the inside of the chamber w as decontaminated by standard asbestos, decontamination methods including H E P A vacuuming of all dust and debris and wet. wiping of all surfaces. During video taping of the work practice study, lighting is utilized inside the chamber to enhance th e possible observations o f dust release during the work practice. Previous studies h a v e shown that the use of, w h at is commonly referred to, a s the "Tyndall light phenomena" is an effective method of displaying respirable airborne dust generated from workplace actives. ` Materials Analytical Services (MAS) were provided with some C apco manufactured asbestos cement pipe by Mr. Sherman Phillips. A sample of the pipe was analyzed by Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and confirmed Chrysotile and Crocidolite asbestos was present in the pipe. During the study, air samples were collected using 25m m air cassettes containing 0.8 micron pore mixed cellulose ester (M C E ) filters and a 5 .0 micron backing pad. T h e air ' sampling pumps were calibrated both* before and after the sam ple collection. High volume pumps were used for area or bystander air samples during th e simulation. The pumps w e re located outside the cham ber and connected to the air sam ple cassettes by Tygon tubing through the walls of the chamber. T h e tw o area air sam ples were located - - on opposite ends of the ch arh b er.-T h e air sampling cassettes, were , located approximately five feet from the floor and 6 to 8 feet from the w ork activity. The high volume .pumps were calibrated to a flow rate of 10 liters per minute. The two investigators performing the work place simulation were each fitted with two personnel air samplers attached to the left and right shoulder area to sample in the breathing zone the asbestos exposures during the w ork place simulations. Th e personnel air samples = were collected with battery operated Gillian pumps, calibrated to a flow rate of 2 liters per minute. Before each work place simulation, background sam ples were run both inside and outside the chamber. The air samples were collected in general accordance with methods outlined in NiOSH's 5 8 2 "Sampling and Evaluating Airborne Asbestos Dust". . The individuals working inside the cham ber wore Tyvek suits under cotton/polyester work cloths and were protected with Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). The cham ber design included decontamination areas for clothing removal and for a shower to rem ove any residual asbestos contamination before the 'workers left the chamber area. .... . . ' T h e work practice used in this study w a s the grinding of imperfections from the inside ends of a n asbestos cement pipe. F o r this study a former employee of Capco, MrSherm an Phillips, was asked to perform the work activities just as he did on the job. Mr. Phillips also provided some information about his on the job experiences grinding these - pipes. During this discussions Mr. Phillips stated the following: W orked at Capco Plant located in Ragland, Alabam a for 7 years as a lath operator on the finishing side. He w as trained by Capco and worked there from 1968 to 1975. Mr. Phillips estimates that he ground thousands of pipe ends. Mr. Phillips stated-he-ground pipes, which w ere stacked in .groups of 15 to 40 pipes per pallet depending on their diameter. Approximately one out of three required grinding. Daily production of pipe w a s approximately 100 to 600 per shift per day. H e stated that while he was grinding a t one end of the pipes, another worker was grinding at the other ends. ' T o simulate the grinding activity, Mr. Phillips, utilized an Ingersoll-Rand Series 6 1 H horizontal air grinder (model 61H 120L6), which has a free speed of 12,000 rpm. The grinder w as powered by 90 psi. compressed air at a maximum flow rate of 10 cu. ft. per minute. T h e sampling and work time for the study was approximately 12 minutes in length. After the completion of the w ork place simulation, swatch samples of the work clothing w ere taken and analyzed by the Chatfield method to determine the level of asbestos contamination in the clothing. T h e filters w ere analyzed by the N IO S H 7400 method for PCM using A counting rules. For T E M analysis, a modified Yam ate EPA level U indirect air sample analysis w as perform ed.'The samples'for T E M analysis Were prepared using a redeposit method, as detailed in the ASTM method D-55S5. Th e dust collected on the filter is washed from the cassette and filter using a- 50-50 mixture of de-ionized w ater and alcohol. The suspension is mixed using an ultra-sound w ater bath to produce a homogeneous suspension. An aliquot of the suspension is redeposit onto a new filter. ^ .U p o n completion of the workplace simulation study, the chamber was completely decontaminated to remove the asbestos containing dust. The black cloth sheeting on the- inside surfaces of the chamber w as removed and disposed. All surfaces were HEPA vacuumed and wet wiped according to standard asbestos abatement technology. 2 av. GRINDING OF ASBESTOS C EM ENT PIPE ASBESTOS A IR AND FABRIC ANALYSIS RESULTS S am ple# Sample Description PCM Fibers/cc TEN! (AH) S tr/c c TEM Fibers > 5um/cc I-I-A l-l-B !WA Background IWA Background 0.10 0.05 <0.02 ' <0.02 . N /A . N /A ` 1I-I-A ti-l-B IWA Area Sample IWA Area Sample 294.00 207.00 3188 3244 1175 1663 ~ II1-I-A 1W A SIPR Personnel ' 254' ' " 5925 423 m -i-B 1WASLPL Personnel 200 1802 277 m-i~c IW ARLHR Personnel 227 7618 1270 lll-I-D IW ARLHL Personnel 293 3133 975 Structures/sq f t . 1V-I-A-SLP 1V-I-8-RLH. Clothing Fabric Cfothing Fabric 9.4 billion 17.2 billion SLP - Sherm an Lee Phillips Structures/cm 2 10.1 million 18.5 million MATERIALS AN ALYTICA L SERVICES, INC. PLM ANALYSIS Proj-Sp!fc M20774-001_______ Analyst- W.B. Egeland Date: 12/21/98 ClientNam e; Environmental litigation Group ______ __________ ClientSpl: #1 Location: TypeJWat: 8* Cement Asbestos P ip e ____________________ ___________________ Gross Light gray. Cementitious with abundant blue and white fiber bundles throughout Six inch diameter Visual: pipe with 5/Bth inch thickness. ' ' ___________________ _____________ ____ OPTICAL DATA FOR ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION Morphology Wavy Pieochrofsm Nona Refract Index Sign 1.555/1548 + Extinction Parallel ' Birefringence Lew Melt Fiber Name No Chrysotiie Straight Blue/Gray 1.695/1.705 - Parallel ModNo Crocidolite A SB ESTO S MINERALS E S T .V O L .% Chrysotlle........ IlIM M ittlllttw ta M a ilM U iH I a * Am oslte........... ' Crocldolite___ T re m o lite /A c tin o Iite ._ ............. ............. " 18 ' 7 ' ' O TH ER FIBROUS COMPONENTS NON FIBROUS COMPONENTS Cement 75 Effervescence: Strong. . Binder Description: Carbonate and fine-grained aggregale Comments: No starch observed