Document mbpOM98dgwvNJrD7kOQ0RjakB

Federal Register '/ Mol, .51, No. 119 <1 Friday, Qune .20. 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22789 IV. DisposaltProceduresandtOleanup A. Wastes (hat are generated'by-processes where asbestos, itremolite.anthojihylltte.'end II. Toxicology Clinical-evidence of fhe adverse-effects associated with exposure to asbestos, individualized'characteristic. In-severe cases, death may be.cauaedby^respiratory or cardiac failure. actinolite.lsipreecntinclude: tremolite,. anthophyllite, -and acfindlite;:is IV. Surveillance and Preventive l.iEmpty asbestos, -.tremolite, enlhophyllite. and actinolite shipping-oontalnere. 2. Process wastes.such <as cuttings, trimmings.orrejectjnaterials. 3. Housekeeping waste'from sweeping or vacuuming. 4. Asbestos fireproofing or insulating matenal that is /removed from buildings. 1 5. Asbestos-containing building.products removed during building renovation or demolition. 6. Contaminated disposable protective clothing. B. Empty shipping bags can be flattened under exhaust hoods and packed into airtight containers for disposal. Empty shipping drums arc difficult to clean and should be sealed. C. Vacuum logs or disposable paper filters present in the form of several-well-conducted epidemiologicaTstudiesdf occupationally exposed workers,-familycontacts'df workers, and persons Irving-near asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and aetinolltemines. These sludies have shown a definite association between exposure :to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite, and aetindllte and an increasedlncidence-oflungicancer.'pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis. The latter is a disabling fibrotic lung disease that is caused only by exposure to asbestos. Exposure to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite. and actinolite has also been associated with an increased incidence of esophageal, kidney, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and buccal cavity cancers. As with other known chronic occupational diseases, disease associated Considerations As noted above, exposureto asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite, and .actinolite has been linked to.an increased risk ofdung cancer, mesothelioma, ^gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. Adequate screening tests to determine an-empJQyee'Sfpotential for developing serious chronic disease9..such as a cancer, from exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. and actinolite do not presently exist. However, some tests, particularly chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests, may indicate that an employee has been overexposed to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite, and actinolite. increasing his or her risk of developing exposure related chronic diseases. It is important for the should not be cleaned, but should be sprayed with asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. and physician to become familiar with the with a fine water mist and placed into a actinolite generally appears about 20 years operating conditions in which occupational labeled waste container.' following the first occurrence of exposure: exposure to asbestos, tremolite. D. Process waste and housekeeping waste There are no known acute effects associated anthophyllite, and actinolite is likely to occur. should be wetted with water or a mixture of with exposure to asbestos, tremolite. This is particularly important in evaluating water and surfactant prior to packaging in anthophyllite. and actinolite. medical and work histories and in conducting disposable containers. Epidemiological studies indicate that the physical examinations. When an active E. Asbestos-containing material that is risk of lung cancer among exposed workers employee has been identified as having been removed from buildings must be disposed of who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased overexposed to asbestos, tremolite, in leak-tight 6-mil thick plastic bags, plastic- over the risk of lung cancer among non- anthophyllite, and actinolite. measures taken lined cardboard containers, or plastic-lined metal containers. These wastes, which are exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. These studies suggest that cessation of by the employer to eliminate or mitigate further exposure should also lower the risk of removed while wet. Bhould be sealed in containers before they dry out to minimize the release of asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite, and actinolite fibers during handling. smoking will reduce the risk of lung cancer for a person exposed to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite.'and actinolite but will not reduce it to the same level of risk as that existing for an exposed worker who has serious long-term consequences. The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program-for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllite.'and V. Access to Information never smoked. aelinolite at or above the action level (0.1 A. Each year, your employer is required to III. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure-Related inform you of the information contained in Disease this standard and appendices for asbestos. In The signs and symptoms of lung cancer or addition, your employer must instruct you in gastrointestinal cancer induced by exposure the proper work practices for handling to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and asbestos-containing materials, and the actinolite are not unique, except that a chest correct use of protective equipment. B. Your employer is required to determine whether you are being exposed to asbestos. X-ray of an exposed patient with lung cancer may show pleural plaques, pleural calcification, or pleural fibrosis. Symptoms . You or your representative has the right to ' observe employee measurements and to characteristic of mesothelioma include shortness of breath, pain in the walls of the ' record the results obtained. Your employer is chest, or abdominal pain. Mesothelioma has . required to inform you of.your exposure, end,, if you are exposed above the permissible* % limit, he or she (^required to inform you of the actions that arc being taken to reduce . your exposure to within the permissibledimit. a much longer latency period compared with lung cancer (40 years versus 15^20 years).. and mesothelioma is therefore more likely to be found among workers who were first exposed to asbestos at an early age. C. Vour employer Is required to keep records of your exposures and medical Mesothelioma is always fatal Asbestosis is pulmonary tibrosis caused by . examinations. These exposure records must the accumulation of asbestos fibers in the be kept for at least thirty (30) years. Medical lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, records must be kept for the period of your employment plus thirty (30) years. coughing, fatigue, and vague feelings or sickness. When the fibrosis worsens, D. Your employer is required to release shortness of breath occurs even at rest. The . your exposure and medical records to your diagnosis of asbestosis is based on a history physician or designated representative upon of exposure to asbestos, the presence of your written request. . characteristics radiologic changes, end- fiber per cubic centimeter of air) for 30 or more days per year and for all employees who are assigned to wear a negative-pressure respirator. All examinations and procedures must be performed by. or under the supervision of a licensed physician, at a reasonable time and place, and at'no cost to. the employee. Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in.the medical surveillance program, OSHA requires Inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination: (i) Medical and work histories with special emphasis directed to symptoms of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system. . and digestive tract. (ii) Completion of the respiratory disease questionnaire contained in Appendix D. . (iii) A physical examination including a chest roentgenogram and pulmonary function test that includes measurement of the. employee's forced vital capacity (FVC) and . forced expiratory volume at one second ' (FEV,), (iv) Any laboratory or other test that the examining physician deems by sound Appendix 1 to S 1926.38--Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos. Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite, Non-Mandatory I. Route of Entry inspiratory crackles (rales), and other clinical features of fibrosing lung disease. Pleural. plaques and thickening are observed on Xrays taken during the early stages of the disease. Asbestosis is often a progressive disease even in the absence of-continued medical practice to be necessary. The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of Inhalation ingestion. exposure, although this appears to be a highly employment. GLEASON-001037