Document mYnK4r8OyzVnLL8q2Zb9DrLg
PROCEEDINGS
FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR
November 22,1968
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INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA
5231 CENTRE AVENUE
PITTS
USEI00.0138
PROCEEDINGS FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR
November 22, 1968 Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania
Medical Series: Bulletin No. 16-70
Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America. Inc. 5231 Centre Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
Copyright 1970 Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc.
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PREFACE This Fibrous Dust Seminar represents an important step towards fulfillment of the first goal in which direction industry should be moving according to Dr. Theodore Hatch, 1HF Trustee Emeritus, in Industrial Hygiene Highlights - Vol. 1 -- i.c. , protection of employee health. These proceedings exemplify industry's attempts with IHF's help to advance scientific progress by use of epidemiological and biostatistical studies, in plant as well as in the experimental research laboratory. Studies on fibrous glass. which appears to have no demonstrable pathogenic effects, provide an effective control over those investigations on asbestos bioeffects reported herein, all of which have been performed in or for IHF. It can be seen that studies designed to investigate patho genic effect become highly sophisticated in an attempt to prove the "null hypothesis. " These studies of fibrous dusts are still under way and further progress will be reported as it developes in an effort to fceep our members and the interested scientific and professional communities advised. The use of fibrous dusts is so widespread today that all those responsible for employee health should find this bulletin interesting and useful.
Robert T. P. deTreville, M. D. , Sc. D. President
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PreSax*
TABLE OP CONTENTS
................................................................................. Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D. President Industrial Hygiene Foundation
Page iii
Welcome i
.....................................................................................
1
Robert T. P. deTreville, M. D.
and
G. A. Webb. Ph. D. , Chairman
1HF Board of Trustees
Associate Director. Mellon Institute
Carnegie-Mellon University
Opening Remarks.................................................................................................. W. Clark Cooper, M. D. Professor in Residence Occupational Health School of Public Health University of California (Berkeley)
IHF Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers ......................................................................................
' H. Michael D. Utidjian, N',. D. Assistant Professor Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh
3
Records Studies of Health of
Fibrous Glass Workers ............................................ ........................................
^
Levis J. Cralley, Ph. D.
Scientist Director, Associate Chief
Occ. Health Program, Field Studies
U. S. Public Health Service
A Comparison of the Effects in Experimental Animals of Certain Fibrous
Dusts: Fibrous Glass-Asbestos (Natural and Synthetic)................... 22 Paul Gross, M. D. . Director IHF Research Laboratory
Physiological Studies of Health of
Fibrous Glass Workers..................... ................................................................ Benjamin J. Lambiotte, M. D. IHF Resident Fellow in Occupational Medicine
26
Radiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers ........................................................................................ 33
, Jon L. Konzen. M. D.
Medical Director Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Moderator's Summarization (Morning Session)......................................................................................................
W, Clark Cooper, M. D.
39
Opening Remarks ...................................................................................................... 41 Lewis J. Cralley, Ph. D.
Asbestos Exposure in the U. S. Textile Industry--,'1930 to Date...........................................................................
Joseph L. Goodman, M. D. Medical Director for Research Raybest os-Manhattan, Inc.
42
Statistical Studies of U. S. Asbestos Products Workers ....................................................................................................
Philip E. Enterline, Ph. D. Professor of Biostatistics Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh
52
Studies on the Pathogenicity of Brake Drum Dust ................
Paul Gross, M. D.
50
Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Bodies: Methodology .............................................................................................
H. Michael D. Utidjian, M. D.
53
Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Bodies: Instrumentation.............................................................................. '. .. .
Martin N. Haller Fellow, Mellon Institute Carnegie-Mellon University
56
Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Bodies: Bodies: Basic Considerations.............................................................................
John M. G. Davis Department of Pathology University of Cambridge
e>9
Discussion...................................................................................................................... Paul Gross, M. D.
Concluding Remarks................................ Robert T. P. deTreville, M. D.
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* s +0 Industrial Eyeless Foundation
Theodore C. latere Chairman, Local Conittee
Industrial.Hygiene Foundation
lor IsWc Stato Aaendaent.
us 1
Iowa Statuta........................................................... 2
Verada Statnta. . .................................................................4
South Sakata Statute.............................................................5
Tennessee Statuta...........................
7
Texas Statute...................... ................................ . . 8
Montana Conaisaion. > ............................. ...10
Teiaont Coaission. ...........................................................11
- - *& May, 1947
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1. Effective data of let - March 12, 1247.
2. Sehodula of cobpee sable disaaaaa: (So* Ites 6 below)
Load polsoalBC Metal fuse fever Silicosis Benzol poisoning Darentitis Miner's disease, including only cellulitis, bursitis,
nystatftus, ankylostomiasis, tenosynovitis Anthrax /sbesteals Chronic canganese poisoning
S. Conpensation is payable for partisl disability, total disability or death resulting froa occupational disease in the sane Banner as conpensation is payable under the Workmen's Compensation lav for injury by accident.
4. Medical' Board
(Ho provision)
5. Licitations
(a) An employee oust give written notice to the employer within thirty (90) days after the first distinct aenifestation of the disesse
(b) Suit must be coamenced within one year after the beginning of incapacity for work resulting fron an occupational disease, and if death results from the occupational disease, suit Bust be commenced within one year thereafter.
. Election of employer
By the provisions of Senate Bill No. 1088 (Chapter 197, Lavs of 1947) an employer may elect general coverage for any and all occu pational diseases.
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1* Effective data of the Act - The bill ms signed by the Governor on April 19, 1947 sad becomes effective niaoty days after the adjournment of the Legislature (date of adJournoant bow sot certain).
2. Schedule of cospenaablt dieeaaea:
Poisoning by*
Aluminum trioxide Arsenic Benzol or its boaolofues end derivetires Beryllium Cadmium Carbon bisulphide Carbon dioxide Carbon aonoxide Chlorine Cyanide Formaldehyde Halogeneted hydrocarbons Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric add Hydrogen sulphide Lead Manganese Mercury Methanol (wood alcohol) Methyl chloride Mitrous fuses Nitric add Petroleua or petroleua products Phosphorus Seleaiua Sulphuric acid Sulphur dioxide Sulphur trioxide Tellurian Thalliua Zine
Anthrax caused by handling of wool, hair, bristlee, hides end skint
Blisters caused by prolonged or repeated use of tools or mechanical appliances
Synovitis, tenosynovitis, or bursitis due to an occupation Involving continual or repeated pressure on the parts affected
Chroae ulceration Compressed air illness Dermatitis, that is, inflammation of the skin due to oil, cutting
compounds or lubricants, dust, liquids, fuses, gases or vapors
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IPUg (Cost'd)
Diseased condition caused by exposure to x-rays or radio active substances
Diseased condition of the eyes due to electric arc and adding, and cataract in (less workers
Epltbeliomatous cancer or ulceration of the skin or of the comeal surface of the eye caused by tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil or paraffin or any compound, produet, or resi due of any of these substances
Glanders and other diseased conditions caused by handling any equine animal, or the carcass of any such animd
Infectious or contagious disease contracted in the course of employment in or in immediate connection with a hospital or sanatorium in which persons or animals suffering from such disease are cared for or treated
Nystegmus incurred in underground work Asbestosls Silicosis
5. Special provisions for silicosis and asbestosis (a) Compensation is payable for partial disability, total disability and death (b) Limitation of monetary liability
If incapacity or death occurs within the first twelve months after the effective date of the Act, compensation limited to 20% of the number of weeks of compensation otherwise payable for such incapacity or death; this amount is increased in each succeeding twelve months period by an additional 20% of the nunber of weeks of compensation otherwise payable for suck incapacity or death until the amount attained equals tha amount payable for incapacity in tha same manner had such incapacity or death been due to an injury other thar. an occupational disease.
4. Kedical Board
Upon motion by either party the 'Workmen* s Compensation Board shall appoint a medical eemmittea of threa doctors who shall examine the eislmnnt and report to the Board its opinion regarding all medical questions in the case. The opinion of the medical committee is advisory to the Board.
5. Limitations:
An employee shall give notice to the employer thirty (50) days after the first distinct manifestation of the disease and file claim within six months after the first distinct manifestation of the disease, or in ease of death within six months after date of death. Tha Workmen's Compensation Board may, in meritorious eases, waive atriet compliance with the foregoing limitations as to notice, and the filing of the claim before the Board.
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kcibpic raou sx nrosmiAL etoibb coses os sssauoDVs
OLIED APRIL. 1949
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Illumination (Motion 15)
.-j;
1* Seeing tasks requiring disoriaination of fiat dots.il under conditions of fair \ ;
contrast and where tho nature of the work is Tory exactlug and prolonged shall
be provided with a
of 100 foot-candles of lllwination*
I^
2* Similar seeing tasks under conditions of moderate contrast should be provided \ /
with a mlnlnam of 50 foot-oandles of Illumination*
'/ f
\rtiS. Seeing tasks requiring moderate discrimination of detail over intermittent
periods of time under conditions of normal contrast should be provided with a \
minimum of 30 foot-oandles of illumination*.
4* Casual seeing tasks not involving discrimination of fine details should be pro vided with a minimum of 10 foot-oandles of illumination*
Ventilation and Temperature Requirements (Section 16)
1* Outside air should be provided to all workrooms at the rate of IS oubio feet per minute per person* or 1-1/2 air changes per hour* whichever ie greater*
2m Workers should not be subjected to air veloeitiea exceeding 200 feet per minute*
3* In work rooms itiere strenuous work is performed* the minimum air temperature should bo 60 Tm
In all other workrooms* unless prohibited by process requirements* minimum air pressure should be 65 f. "f j
Sanitation (8eotion 20)
1* Every plaoe of employment shall be provided with adequate toilet faeilitiea (wmter closets)* conveniently looated end separate for each sex according to the followings
1 to 9 employee! 10 to 24 "
2S to 49 *
SO to 74 " 75 to 100 " Over 100
1 facility 2 facilities
3 facilities 4 facilities 5 facilities 1 additional facility for
each additional 30 employees
* There the installation of a water-oarriage sewerage system may be impracticable* the authority nay designate another type of toilet facility approved by the publio health agency having jurisdiction*
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(Urinals instsad of meter closets for mala enployees my be substituted in a ratio of not aors than one-third urinals in the above minimum facility schedule).
2* Every place of employsunt shall be provided mith adequate mashing facilities in the ratio of one lavatory (or equivalent msh plaoe) for eaoh 10 employees up to 100 persons and one lavatory (mash plaoe) for eaoh additional 15 persons* Saoh lavatory (mash place) shall be provided mith soap and hot and oold running mater*
5, A minliana of one shower bath mith ample supply of hot and oold mater from one fixture shall be provided for every 15 employees or fraetion thereof exposed to exoessive heat* or to skin contamination mith poisonous* infeotious* or irritating material*
Service Faoilltiea (Section 21)
1* There 10 or more rnomen are employed-at any one time* at least one retiring room for their exolusive use shall be provided*
2* There less than 10 momen are employed and a retiring room is not furnished* some equivalent spaee shall be provided shioh an be properly screened and made suit able for the use of momen employees* .
3* Ihe minimus space provided for a retiring zoom for 10 momen shall be 60 square feet* . .Ihe minimm increased spaee for more shall be at least 2 square feet for each additional momen employed*
4* At least one eouoh or bed shall be provided in every plaoe shore more than 10 momen are smployod* 3he number of such beds or couches required shall be as followst 10 to 100 momen* one bed; 100 to 250 momen* tern beds; and one addi tional bed for eaeh additional 250 momen employed*
Values Recomsended by Ihe Committee on Threshold Limits at Eleventh Annual Ueeting of the Ameriean Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists* April 1950.
QA.3SS AHD VAPORS
SUBSTANCE
P.P.1L
SUBSTANCE
P.P.M.
Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acrolein
Acrylonitrile Azaonia Asqrl acetate Zso amyl alcohol Aniline
Arsine
200 10 5
500
0*5 20
100 200 100
5
0.05
Benzene (benzol) Bromine lt 3-Butadiene n-Butanol
2-Butanone n-Butyl acetate Butyl cello solve Carbon dioxide ' Carbon diaulfide Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
35 1
1000 100
250 200
200 5000
20 100
50
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SUBSTANCE
GalloIre Cello solve acetate Chlorine Chlorobenzene 2-Chlorobutadiena Chloroform 1-Qiloro-l-nitropropene Cyclohexane Cydohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopropan* (propene) o-Dichlorobenzene Diohlorodifluoromethane 1t1-Dichloroethane 1, 2-Dichloro ethane (ethylene
dichlorld*) 1(2-Diohloroethylen* Dlehloroethyl other Dichloromethan* . Diehloromonoflxioromathan*
l*l-Diehloro-l-nitroethane 1,2-Dichloropropaa* (prbpylea*
diohlorid*} Dichlorotetrafluoroethan* Dimethylaailin* Dim*thy1exilfat* Dioran* Ethyl aestate Ethyl alcohol Ethyl benzene Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene oxide Ethyl ether Ethyl formate Ethyl ailieate FIuorotrichiorom*thane
Formaldehyde Gasoline Heptane Hexane Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide Hydrogen sulfide Iodine Isophrene
*5
P.P.U. SUBSTANCE
200 100
1 75 26 100 20 400 100 100 400 400 50 1000 100
76 200
15 500 1000
10
-
76 1000
6
1 100 400 1000 200 200 1000
5 100 400 100 100 1000
6 500 500 500
5 10
3 0.05
20 1 25
Mesityl oxide Methanol Methyl aoetat* Methyl bromide
Methyl butaaon* Methyl cellosolve Methyl cello solve acetate Methyl chloride Methylcycloheacan*
Methylcyclohexanol Methyloyclohexanon*
Methyl format* Methyl iso-butyl lceton* Naphtha (ooal tar) Naphtha (petrolexa) Nickel carbonyl Nitrobenzene Nitroethane Nitrogen oxide* (other the
Nitroglycerin
*2
Nitromethan#
2-Nitropropan*
Nitrotoluene
Ootane
Ozone
Pentane
Fentanon* (methyl propanol
Rio sgene
Riosphine
Phosphorus trichloride
Isopropyl alcohol
Propyl aoetat*
Isopropyl ether
Stibine
Stoddard solvent
Styrene monomer
Sulfxur chloride
Sulfur dioxide
1,1,2,2- Tetrachloro ethane
Tctrachloro ethylene
Tbluene
Toluidine
Trichloro ethyl ene
Turpentine
Vinyl chloride
Xylene
P.P.M,
60 200 .200
20 100
25 25 100 600 100 100 100 100 200 600
1 1 100
25 0,5 100
60 5
600 1
1000 200 1
0,05 0.5 400 200 500 0.1 500 200
1 10
5 100 200
5 100 100 500 200
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PXIO DUSTS, FOIES AND MISTS .'
SUBSTANCE
Antimony
Arsenio
Barium
Qa dolus
Ohio ro diphenyl
Chromic add and chromates
as Cr03
:'
Cyanide as CN
Dinitretoluene
o-Dinitroereso1
Fluoride
Iron oxide fume
Lead
Magnesium oxide fume
M|. per Cu.M. SUBSTANCE
O.S O.S 0.6 0.1 1
0.1 6 1.6 . 0.2 . 2.5 15 0.15 15
Manganese
Mercury Pentachloronaphthalene Pentachlorophenol
Phosphorus (yellow) Phosphorus pentaehloride Phosphorus pentasulfide Selenium* as Se Sulfuric acid Tellur!
Tetryl Triehloronaphthalene Trinitrotoluene Zinc oxide fuse
Mg. per Cu. M.
6 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 1 1 0.1 1,0 0.1 1.5 5 1.5 15
MINERAL DUSTS
SUBSTANCE
M.PJP.C.F.
Alundua Asbestos
Carborundum Dust (nuisance* no free silioa) Mica (below 6% free silioa) Portland cement
50 5
60 50
60 50
SUBSTANCE
M.P.P.C.F.
Sale Silica
high (above SOX free SiO )
mediua (5 to fD% free SiQg)
20
5 20
low (below 5JK free SiOg) Slate (below 3% free SiOg) Soapstone (below 5% free SiOg) Total dust (below 5% free SiOg)
50 50 20 50
RADIATIONS
MATERIAL os SADIAHDV
MATERIAL OS RADIATION
(team* (roentgens per week}
0.3
Redon (curies per cubic aster) 10"8
Thoron (curies per oubio aster) 10"8
Roentgen ray (roentgens per week) 0.3
Safety Comitteo
Halted States Steel Company Research and Development Laboratory
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July 2. 1952