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KiiBB-0007926 \ V Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ft... May 1, 1938. " ' VA .-0 REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 338 PROGRESS OF STATE MI NIMUM-WAGE LEGISLATION, 1937. L. Stitt and F. P. Smith. 'J.S.Monthly Lab. Rev. 6, 194-204 (Jan. 1938). Following the Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality cf the Minimum Wage Act of Washington, great expansion in legislation setting standards of minimum wages and maximum hours for women and minors has occurred. At the end of 1937, Minimum 7tege Acts were in force in 22 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 339 PROTECTION OF WORKERS IN SANDBLASTING. Arbeitss<*huti, 48 (1938). German. This short account of a meeting of the sandblasting committee of the German Society for work protection includes reports on the use of sand, steel Shetland grit, dust-free working methods and suggestions for the solutions of veriou$ problems. 340 LA30R STANDARDS. New publication. The Survey of Labor Law Administration, published for seme time in mimeographed form / the U.S.Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, has been super seded by "Labor Standards" in a neat printed form. It contains seotlons en titled: Promoting Labor Standards, Safety and Health, State Labor Law Administra tion, Conferences and Conventions, and Of General Interest, with news items under each, of interest alike to employer and employee. It is Issued monthly at 76 cents per year or 10 cents per copy and can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 341 REGIONAL SAFETY CONFERENCES. Safety Eng. 75, 12 (April 1938). Among the state safety conferences in the near future, the following are an nounced: Fourth Annual Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference, at Norfolk, June 3-4} Ninth North CarollnA State-Wide Industrial Safety Conference, at Aaheville, June 10-llf and the 1938 Western Safety Conference, at Los Angeles, Sept. 12-16. (B) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. 342 DUST SAMPLING WITH THE BUREAU CF MINES MIDGET IMPINGER, USING A NEW HAND-OIERATED PUMP. J. B. Littlefield and E. H. Schrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Sept. Invest. 3387 (Mar. 1938). Obtainable from Division of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. No charge. The midget impinger described in our February bulletin, abstract #108, oan beused with a hand-operated pump, described in the present Report. The pvsnp oonsists of 4 cylinders with pistons and valves, 2 surge tanks and a gauge. Hie outfit is carried in. a case with 9 impingers, and in operation the closed ease is held by straps passing over the operator's shoulder, with a rubber tube lead ing from the case to the impinger. A flow of 0.1 eubio foot per minute is ob tained with a vacuum of 12 inches of water. Good agreement was obtained in a number of eemparisons of the regular and midget impinger#, in a wide r*nge of 03117835 ` HHBB-0807927 References to Reeent Literature - 2 dust concentrations, in 15-minute samples. The agreement was not so good with much shorter runs, especially in low dust concentrations, after which it was necessary to ship the samples some distance for counting. It is particularly necessary to avoid contamination with the smaller instrument on account of the small volume of liquid. For Hie present it is recommended that the user check the midget impinger against the regular apparatus under his particular conditions 343 CONTROL OF XST FROM BLASTING 3Y A SPRAY OF WATER MIST. Carleton E. Brown and E.H.Sehrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Kept. Invest, No. 3388 (March, 1938). Obtainable from Dir. of Information, U.S,Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No charge. Tests were enducted by the Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the Anaconda Cooper Mining Co., on the effectiveness of a spray of water mist in reducing the concentration of dust in the air shortly after blasting and during mucking of the blasted material. The determinations were made in 3 specially selected rock headings with and without the ue of a spray of water mist. The impinger method was used for sampling throughout. The use of the spray apparently made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust generated and thrown into the air during blasting more than 99# from the amount present when the spray was not used. That condition was generally reached in 2 of the 3 series of testa. In the third the reduction averaged about 86#. The difference was evidently due to accumulated dust on the walls which was thrown into the air by the force of the explosion. These tests showed the importance of keeping the walls of work ing places free from settled dusts. Dust dissemination during mucking of material sprayed several hours before mucking was begun was much less than far ing shoveling of material thoroughly sprinkled just before and during mucking, and naturally the dust present after either spraying or sprinkling is mush less then if the mucking had been dry. The results obtained indioat* that study and adoption of a spray method for controlling dust during blasting might he profitable to operators who are faced with this dust problem. The use of auoh sprays is limited in places where there are serious objections to increasing the humidity of the air. 344 METHODS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST SILICOSIS AND WHEN THEY AHE JUSTIFIED. D.Sarrington. U.S.Bur. Minds, Inform. Cir. #6989 (Feb, 1938). Obtainable from Division of Information, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No charge. Although the hysteria regarding silicosis and other occupational diseases has apparently subsided, it would be poor policy for employers to relax and revert to past conditions. Fairly comprehensive occupational disease legislation will probably be in force in nearly all states within the next 5 years, and tha far sighted industrialist should study possible hazards and apply known remedies whenever possible. Although the dust laws are directed especially toward elimin ation of silica dust, the engineer is making a bad mistake if he allows man to breaths heavy dust concentrations of any material. Duet in great quantities decreases ffficiency of men and machines and causes respiratory trouble. Any visibly deafey ateosphere is too dusty and indicates that preventive measures should be applied. After removal of the visible dust, further investigations of the occurrence of invisible dust may sometimes be necessary. Dust control should be kept in mind in design and equipment of workplaces. The various means of dust control - wet methods, dust-exhaust systems, ventilation and dust traps for dry drilling all have their definite applications. Blasting practice should be changed to gain maximum possible efficiency from explosives, thus reducing the amounts of poisonous gases left. Among possible improvements are the use of stemming and new types of blasting plugs, confining the time of blasting to the end of the shift, with adequate ventilation, wetting and water blasting. The use of dust respirators should be considered as an emergency measure. Good housekeeping and physical examinations should ba maintained and education of employees should be conducted so as to seeure their co-operation. 03117836 WHBB-0007928 References to Recent Literature - I 345 EEVIES OF LITERATURE OK CONDITIONING AIR FOR ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTH AND SArETY IN MINES. D. Harrington and Sara J. Davenport. U.S.Bur. Mines, Information Circular No. 7001 (March 1938). Obtainable from Div. of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. No oharge. This circular is the- first of a series of 3 papers constituting a review of the literature on air conditioning in mines, with particular reference to health safety and efficiency. This paper deals with the physiological aspects of ex posure to air contaminated with organic matter, noxious and toxia gases and dusts* The other papers will discuss the effects of abnormal temperatures and humidities and theoretical and practical methods of air conditioning. Space does not permit making an abstract of the 34 mimeographed pages in sufficient detail for mining companies who are interested, and they are advised to obtain the original paper. After an introduction, chapter 1 treats of general foul ness of underground air, including general physiological effects. Chapter 2 is a thorough disoussion of gases encountered in mines, including blaqkdamp (mostly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), firedamp (largely methane and other hydrocarbons), afterdamp (a mixture of gases resulting from fires and explo sions) and the individual gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, with several pages devoted to the effects of oxygen in both excessive and insufficient quantities. 0 Chapter 3 deals more briefly with dusts and their effects and dust prevention. The bibliography contains 70 references. 346 !.ASUEES THAT CONTROL DUST HAZARDS. Albert E. Russell. Abstracted in National Safety News 37, 34-6, 66 (April 1938). This is the report ;f a general addres*, emphasizing the necessity of eduoation of industrial physicians and sanitary engineers in the knowledge and recognition of occupational diseases. Individual tolerance to poisons Is discussed. Gen eral control measures are reconsaended, including substitution of inert for harm ful substances, isolation of hazardous processes, use of wet methods, local ex haust ventilation, personal protective measures, selection of qualified persons, and keeping of sickness records, 347 SPRAY ATOMIZERS TOR DUST ABATEMENT. William Phillips .Mining J. (Phoenix, Ariz.) 20, 155-60 (1938). Atomizers employing deliquescent saline compounds (ohlorides of magnesium, ealcium, sodium) have given beneficial results at the Santa Ifcria y San Juan mine. Designs for several atomizers are included, one for spray used for the elimination of sulfur gases oaused by blasting, a second which gives a high degree of atomization with small amounts of air and water and a third which yields an appreciable reduction in the dust content of the air. 343 SERICITE AND SILICA* EXPERIMENTAL DUST-LESIONS IN RABBITS. S.L.Cummins. Brit. J. Bxptl. Pathol, 18_, 395-401 (1937). Dusts of sericlte and quartz were injected subcutaneously into the sars of rab bits, and also administered by tracheal inoculation. In connection with both series dead tubercle bacilli were also used. Lesions were produoed by both dusts, but quartz was more active than sericite in producing fibrosis. Serioite produced nodules similar to those resulting fran silica after a long interval. Sericite and dead tubercle bacilli introduced simultaneously led go extensive necrosis and sinus formation in 2 rabbits. Inoculation with quartz dust and the dead bacilli was less destructive than when sericite was used. On the other hand, if the bacilli were added after inoculation with the dust, irritation was in evidence with quartz dust lesions, but not when sericite had been used. The author believes the experiments suggest that, possibly, serioite may not be quite an inert dust. 03117837 uj)'\v/ HHBB-0007929 References to Recent Literature - 4 349 USE OF AUFTAIE RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. Tf.P.Yant. Mining J. (Phoenix, Aria.) 21, Ho. 4, 46 (1937). No reprints are available. This paper is a brief review of the author's work which has appeared in Bureau of Mines publications and elsewhere. Protective equipment which has been approved by the U.S.Bureau of Mines has proved suc cessful in combating silicosis, as well as other diseases or infections from breathing dusts, whether dry or supported in a water mixture. Among other uses, the respirators also protect against inhalation of the mist produced in chromium plating and in spray-eoatir.g operations with vitreous enameling, also against inhalation of line during its application to the soil and of powdered <r^. insecticides used on plants and shrubbery. 350 TESTING DUST RESPIRATOR FILTERS. O.M.Faber. Staub. 344-371 (1936). German, The work of the German committee for dust protective apparatus is described. The author gives a critical description of the filter testing methods of sev eral German investigators and suggests a new and relatively simple apparatus for the purpose. He suggests tests of masks actually worn in plants and raises the question as to how long a mask can be used and how over-use oan be preventedAn apparatus for producing dust clouds is described. 351 SILICOSIS IN FOUNDRIES. Elmer f. Andrews and Leonard Greenburg. From abstract in Safety Eng. 75_, 49-50 (April 1938). Full information on the - original i6 not at hand, but it probably can be obtained from the N.Y. Stitt* Dept, of Labor, 00 Centre St., New York City, (see note last page*) . A preliminary report on a thorough study of silicosis has been is*ued by the New York State Department of Labor. Each of the 311 foundries in the 8tt* ms carefully inspected and 80 were selected for special study, on the basis of a representative cross-section of the industry. Roentgenographic examinations were made and occupational histories taken on 4,066 workers out of the total of 4,169 employees of the selected foundries. Silicosis was found in 110 eases, including 83 in the first stage, IS in the second and 6 in tho third. Signs of tuberculosis were present in 15. The engineering investigation 'of all foundries showed that 32 foundries were in good condition, 91 fisir, 150 poor and 57 bad. Great variations were found in the character of the dust problem. Ag* of th* worker in itself, apart from exposure, was not found of particular significance. The incidence of silicosis naturally increases with time of exposure. Of the SO plants studied, 37 were entirely free from silicosis. They were mostly small foundries, and the laws of chance would account for that proportion. Contrary to expectation, the silicosis rates among 180 colored workers were lcwer than those for the group as a whole. General reccmmendations for foundry dust oon- trol are included. 352 FOUNDRY DUST CONTROL 1EASURES. Theodore Batch. Ind. Bull. 17, 114-8 (ifcreh 1939). Reprints obtainable from Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Dept, of Labor, SC Centre St, New York, N.Y. The following steps are involved in the production of a metal easting* (1) preparation of mold and core; (2) melting and pouring of the metalj (3) breaking out casting from the mold and removal of core sand; (4) reoonditioning the mold ing sand for further use, and (5) cleaning the casting. Each of these process es is discussed with reference to dust produced and means of dust control. Mold and core making is not essentially a duy process, as the sand is wet with water and oil, but dust may arise incidentally from spraying silica wash on ceres and from sand and other material scattered on the floor. Mechanical mold ing is more dm ty than hand molding, and local exhausts may be needed. 03117838 ^ 1 u ])'\v /( HWB8-8007930 References tc Recent Literature - 5 Likewise, melting and pouring do not neoossarily cause much dust ir. themselves, but the heat ar.d general activity set considerable dust in motion, and poison ous metal fumes are generated in non-ferrous molding. The- shakeout onuses much dust dispersion, but it con be reduced by allowing castings eo cool as much as possible, by are-1ting melds and floor, by delaying the shakeout until the night shift or the cr.d of the day, and by g-,neral care in handling. Sand reconditioning may cr may not produce dust, depending cn the method used. Magnetic separation cf metal :nd dry reconditioning are especially likely tc raise dust. C: stings arc cleaned by tumbling or blast cleaning. The amount af dusn from tumbling depends upon the tightness of the barrel and the amount of exhaust ventilation, and i-ist escapes during loading and discharge cf the castin.;.-. clast cleaning is necessarily dusty and tho best remedy is enclos ing the o pa rati on. Good housekeeping and efficient local exhaust hoods are urged ir. all processes. Proper building construction and plant layout and gcr.e-rai vor.tilatics, are discussed, with suggestions, 353 INDUSTRIAL EXS-iNST VENTILATION. RESISTANCE 07 MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS. John L. Alder., near, k 7rfc. 3c, AG-1 (April 1938) See abstract ^806 Ifcrch bulletin. Ir. this paper the author discuss: s the effect of the fora of elbows , enlarge ments, tapers, tees, breechings and "transformers". 354 DECISIONS ON SILICOSIS CASES. F. Sonmer, Monatsschr. f. Ur.fallhcilk, 45 , 74-95 (IS36). German. The author reports his experience in a number of silicosis oases, especially those ms'do very difficult legally by tho wording of Gorman laws. In two cases in which X-ray findings could not cxpl-in the severity of the symptoms, non- pulmonary tuberculosis was found at autopsy. The author states that deter mine tior. cf silicosis is possible by exhuming a body some tine aftor death. Silicotic tissue is very resistant to putrefaction. One body was exhumed two years after death and tho existence of silicosis was proved, ' 355 SILICOSIS ,,S .. NEDIC.JL, ,C'D SOCIAL PROBLEM. E, Eisaguirro, Soviets Assoc. - Ld. -irger.tin.. 51, 51-59 (Dec. 1937). Spanish, The author surreys the important work dene in silicosis and cites a oaso that was brought to his a scent ion. a mar. aged 40 had boon working at sandblasting 7-1/2 years but had left or. account of dyspnea, thoracic oppression and fre quent colds. Nc tubercle bacilli were found. X-ray oxamimtion showed dense shadows in the middle and uppe-r parts cf both lungs. There was frequent rise of temperature with increased expectoration. The patient died at the age of 44. The autopsy shewed pleural exudates, marked lobulation, and some granula tion. Hoavy deposits of iron, silica ard coal dust wore seen under the micro scope, and the general picture v. s one of fibrosis, although in some places tho fibroblasts had disappeared. Lur.g permeability was absent. Large multi nude: r cells were found, differing in morphological chare.otoristies from these seer, in tuberculosis. 356 REDUCE DUST COUNT TO MINIMUM, '.VITH REDESIGNED 300THS. Ceram. Ind. 30 63-70 (jipril 1935). The brief article relates hew the dust ir. the electrical porcelain department of tho General Electric Cc. was greatly reduced by installation of water-wash berths :.r.i later by tho redesign cf the booths. Dust concentrations of 3.8 million ^articles per cubic foot are now obtained at the operators nostrils, 'while the count in the room outside is 3*5 million. 03117833 Hli BB-00H79 31 References to Recent Literature -6 357 PULVERIZING SILICa SAND. D.N.Wilhelm. Rock Prod. 41, 47-C (April 1938). This is a brief illustrated description of the plant of the Kilwood Sand Co. .it Zanesville, Ohio. The dust hazard has beer, practically eliminated by the use of dust seals on all equipment in "Which dust is generated. 353 SOLVING THE DUST PROBLEM, F.`,7. Ortain, Ur. Safety Eng. 75, 13-6 Upri.1 1938). Information obtainable from the author, Personnel Manager, Koppers Company, Baltimore, Md, The :.uthcr briefly describes the dust control methods used ir. the grinding, milling r.r.d boring department of the Koppers Company at Baltimore. The original equipment, consisting of a number of installations ".ms replaced by a central dust collection system, -which has proved satisfactory for 13 years, -ith Improvements that have beer, added more recently. The area of the screen has boor, increased one-third by the adoption of ar. improved type of screen, without increasing the size of the screen house. As an auxiliary measure, a. large portable vacuum cleaner, with interchangeable nozzles, is used for cleaning -walls and ceilings. 359 THE UEAP.rUG ON SILICOSIS QUESTIONS OF THE THIRD LAW FOR EXTENSION OF ACCIDENT INSURANCE TO INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. Lochtkenper. Zbi. f. Gwwerbehyg. 15, 9-12 (1935). German. The author discusses the present German law, which puts all forms of silicosis on a par with accidents, and, like many of our new State laws, paves the my for proper preventive measures. He also reports on some of his own experiences, including cases of silicosis in chamotte workers and in clay tube factories. One case was that of a man who, for a year, had shoveled grain mixed with sand, and another was severe silicosis in a -worker employed in a room near a sand blaster. The author cautions against exaggerating apparently alarming symp toms, such as old calcareous fooij on the other hand, a careful history is essential and special attention should be given to light forms of silioosis contracted in earlier work. 360 ASBESTOS'S AND ITS HIE7ENTT0IC. T.Windsl. Arbeitsschutt, 26-32 (1938) German. In continuation of the author's earlier work (abstract 271, Ifey, 1937), he first presents more- material on asbestosis in the textile industry. There are now about 1300 asbestos workers in Germany, and about 1000 are considered to be dangerously exposed, including weavers. Up to March 31, 1937, 27 oases of asbestosis, of vdiich 16 were fatal, were reported. In 6 months of operation of the new compensation lav;, 10 cases have been idemnified. The earliest observed symptoms of the disease are seen after 3 or 4 years* work. An X-ray examination of each new employee should be made, and another after 3 years and at regular intervals. Above all, observers must prove whether or not a light case will inevitably progress in spito of removal fran exposure. Ob solete and new protective measures, are contrasted, with illustrations, and the necessary technical improvements are described. 361 FHOTRONRSFLEC TONE TER - a'J INSTRUMENT FOR THE IEASUSEMENT OF TURBID SYSTEMS. R. L. Libby. U. Immunol, 34, 71-73 (Jan. 1938). An instrument for measuring the turbidity of liquids is doscribed in this paper, which is included on account of the possibility of the application of the method to the estimation of the turbidities of inpinger dust samples. Light from a constant source is condensed by lenses and transmitted in a parallel beam through the liquid under observation and falls on a blackened surface, or. which a substance causing a current to be generated under the in fluence of light is placed, not in the direct beam but around it. The E.M.F. generated is registered by a galvanometer and is a measure of the scattered. 03117840 HiiBfi-0007932 References to Recent Literature - 7 light. The author found the device sensitive to about 0.05 mg. of barium sulfate. 362 OPTICAL PROPERTIES 0? SMOKE P.-RIICLES, Herbert Friess, Gasnaskc 9, 137-40 (1937). German. , This is a discussion, of the principles underlying the effects of smolee par ticles upon light passing through the sr.oka and the utilisation of these ef fects in studying the nature of smoke. The ultrnnicroscopc and the Tyndall motor are described briefly as instruments for measuring smoke concentration or density. The application of these instruments as means for resting the .drc\ effectiveness of sr.ok- filters is 'Iso described, 363 C..SE 0? SILICOSIS. E.Rist, P.7aller"--Radot, G. Maurice, J. Lenent and GauthierVillars. 3ull. et. me::.. See. d. hop. de Paris 54, 214-221 (1938). French. The authors r-port on a ease of silicosis in a casting polisher, describing the clinical cours,, and X-ray and pathological findings. They found pnoumothorc.x, adhererorou of lung to ocst:l pleura, emphysema and many very small nod ules, up to 1 cm. ir. size, tho larger ones being caseous. Tubercle bacilli could not be detected by a ca reful so-, rch. The authors consider the onso to be a proof of t'.v. effect of tuberculosis on m existing silicosis. No signs of silicosis were detected in 8 other polishers with many years' experienoe. 364 DISEASES 0? IRE TEXTILE r.TVS TRY, C..7SES ..SD PROPHYLAXIS. E.R.Hurtado. Rcvista del Trabajo 79-86 (Oct. 1937). Spanish. The author considers dust tho most important cause of diseaso in the textile industry. Ir. the cotton industry in Mexico, tho dust consists mostly of fine cotton particles and snr.d* Chemical analysis of the dust revealed the pres ence of 509J silica, which accounts for the pulmonary trouble found among the laborers. Tho author recommends ventilation of the carding mb chine 8 and uso of respirators. 365 PRELIMINARY rTUSTRL.L HYGIENE SURVEY GF THE KANSAS ZINC AND LEaD MINES. C.C. Dills and L,Nichols. Invest, Rept. No. 1, Ind. Syg, Sootion, State Board of Health, Lawrence, Kansas, (Dec* 1937), Copies obtainable at above address. This preliminary survey hs been conducted to familiarise the department with methods of mining, dust control, statistics on employment, disability, and so cial environment, and to formulate a program for occupational disease control. The following recommendations are made; (l) collection of routine dust and air samples in each nine; (2) prs-omploymunt and annual physioal examinations of miners; (3) strict enforcement of regulations for safety and dust prevention; (4) bettor ventilation of working areas; (5) improvement of underground san itary facilities; (6) additional health services in the mining distriot; (7) prevention of dust arising from wind erosion of chert piles; and (8) detailed studies of the different mines. 366 THE DOCTOR'S P.J.T IT XST HAZARD CONTROL. A.D.Lcsenby. Safety Eng. 75, 45-8 (April 1938). This address before the Annual Safety Congress defines and emphasises the part to bo played by the doctor in the field of occupational disease prevention. Or.ly recently h..c tho -.edical profession begun to consider man's environment as pert of its responsibility. "Medical research has a definite place in in dustry, not m.or-ly to study such things as occupational diseases, but to study the entire probl-r. of tho reaction of the worker to his particular environment, mental and ohvsica.l; to holp create an environment suitable to tho structure ar.d physiological limitations of the human machine* For, after all, it is the human worker vrho turns the v/heols of industry. Wo must not grind him to bits 03117841 r?\ <=\ SZ< .< = References to Recent Liters, turo - 8 in the very cogs the t he himself manipulates." More specifically, in the field of silicosis, the physician must bo able to tell the or-gincer what dusts are dangerous, and must be trained in the examination of persons employed and to be employed to work In dust. It is not his function to count or analyze dust or to apply preventive measures, but rather to interpret the results in terms of physiological hazard and to advise when prevention is necessary, ,, general discussion of silicosis is included, and the need of research, both engineering and medical, is emphasized. 367 THE GLYCOLS aND THEIR DERIVATIVES Leonard J. Goldwr.ter. Ind, Bull. 17 119-20 (inarch 1933). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, Hew York State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York, N.Y. In this, the fourth paper on the subject, dioxan (diethylene dioxide) is dis cussed. It has a number of commercial applications, especially as a solvent in a large number of industries. The symptoms found in ar. investigation by the Public Health Service and Bureau cf Minos after prolonged exposure range from oyo, nasal and lung irritation to congestion end edema of the lungs and hyper emia of the brain. The authors conclude, however, tir.t "considering the low toxicity of dioxan vapor and the warning intensity of concentrations below those which produced serious harm to guinea pigs, it appears that health hasards are slight under ordinary conditions of usage and reasonable exposure." Fatal cases of dioxar. have been reported without full details, but it is stated that the- vapor was inhaled. ,iutopsies showed hemorrhagic nephritis and central ne crosis of the liver. In other exposed workers, the only constant abnormal finding was an increase in neutrophilic leucocytes. Additional animal exper iments showed similar effects, vrith the conclusion that dioxan is by no means as innocuous as it is generally supposed to be. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, oto. 368 THE FORMATION OF OXaLIC ^CID FROM ETHYLENE GLYCOL ~ND REJUTED SOLVENTS. F.H. 'Niley, "W.C.Hueper, D.S,Bergen and F.R.Blood. Haskell Lab. of Industrial Tox icology, Wilmington, Del, J. Ir.d. Eyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 269-77 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable at the Haskell Laboratory address. Ethylene glycol, its mono-acetate, diethyl ether, dihydroxy ethyl ether, and mono-methyl ether, dioxan and ethanol amine were injected Into animals to in vestigate the formation of oxalio acid. Only ethylene glycol and its mono acetate were found to give an increase in urinary oxalic acid. One injeotion of ethanol amine s fatal, so the oxalic acid formation could not be deter mined. The amounts of oxalic acid found from these compounds are scarcely suf ficient to explain their toxicity. Compounds containing ether linkages do not seem to hydrolyze in the organism. From the experiments of others, it ie appar ent that the production of oxalic acid is dependent upon the formation of a two-carbon compound, both carbons of which are partially oxidised. All animals shewed degenerative changes of the kidney which were of milder degree, but no oxalic acid deposits were found in the renal parenohyma as observed by others. The occurrence of these degenerative changes proves systemio organic injury following the introduction of these substances. 36S TRICELORETHYLEL'E DEGREASING-ENGINEERING ASJECTS. William B. Harris. Ind. Bull. 17, 120-1 (March 1938). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, I'.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York, N.Y. The control of trichlorethyler.e vapors in degreasing operations offers a very interesting and difficult problem in the control of organic vapors. Triohlorethylene is widely used in removing oil films from metal parts preparatory to plating or spray painting. The equipment consists of a metal tank containing the solvent which is heated to boiling, and a water jacket around the upper 03117848 HiiSS-0607933 KWB8-000793*i References to Recent Literature - 9 portion for condensation of the vapor. The metal parts are dipped into the .''sC's liquid and than raised into the vapor until they are thoroughly rinsed by the condensed liquid. The outstanding factors disturbing the effectiveness of con trol feature# designed into the machine are* (l) extraneous currents in the working place; (2) withdrawal of liquid solvent with the cleaned parts; (3) improper operation of the machine and of the cleaning-out cycle* The heaviest exposure of the operation to vapors occurs during the cleaning-out of the ma chine, when the solvent is distilled and the remaining sludge must be raked out. For control of these hazards, the tank should be situated where there is a min imum of air movement, and no forced ventilation should be used. The heating of the solvent should be controlled thermostatically. The temperature of the cool ing liquid should be low enough to insure complete condensation of the vapors, but should never be less than the dow point temperature of the room; otherwise moisture would condense in the tank, increasing the diffusability of the sol vent. If the machine is gas heated, a positive suction should be placed on the flue, and none of the vapors should come in contact with welding operations or other open flame. Care should be taken to allow the parts being cleaned to reach the boiling temperature of the solvent before withdrawal* The operator should be provided with an organic solvent type respirator. Observations of two machines operating under good and bad conditions confirmed the neoeesity 3 of these precautions; a concentration of 50 p.p.a. of triohlorethyleno was found at breaching level in one case and 500 p.p.m. in the other. ^ 6 370 THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE FROM LIVER WHICH PRO TECTS AGAINST LIVER DAMAGE DUE TO CHLOROFORM OR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE| AMD 1 STUDY OF RELATED COMPOUNDS. R.C.Neale and H.C.Winter. J. Pharmacol*. Bxptl. Therap. 62, 127 {Feb. 1938). '. It ha3 been shown in earlier papers that administration of a new fraotion of liver extract protects ageinst the toxic effeots of carbon tetrachloride and of chloroform. The present paper describes the preparation of this fraction and its identification as mono sodium xanthine. Doses of 100 mg. given subcuta neously to rats 24-48 hours prior to narcosis had some effect, and two doses gave complete protection. Early administration is necessary. A list of several other effective substances is given. 371 EXAMINATIONS OF LIVER FUNCTION IN DOGS POISONED NITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND PHOSPHOROUS OIL. - E.Aubertin, A. Lacoste, R. do Laohaud and R. I&rtinet. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 127, 57-60 (1938).- French. The liver function of dogs poisoned by prolonged dosing with carbon tetrachlor ide and phosphorous oil was studied carefully and liver changes were noted at autopsy. The function damage seemed to differ from that in men. It was note worthy that pronounced liver changes at autopsy were seen in dogs which seemed entirely healthy and in which only slight blood and urine changes had been noted. 3 72 STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF UETHEMGGLOBIN. VIII. THE THEORY OP 1CTEEM0GL0BIN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. G. Schwedtke. Arch. f. exp. Rth. u. Pharmakol. 188, 121-129 (1938). German. In experiments with rabbits it was shown that one molecule of aniline reaeta more than once with an equivalent one of hemoglobin. A partial breakdown of the aniline occurs before the action is complete. The Mount of methemoglobin formed has a linear relationship to the dose of aniline injected. 373 INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL ON THE fcETHEMOGL05IN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. G. Schwedtke. IX Ibid. 130-137 (1938). German. Experiments on cats and mice shown that the aniline effect on blood pigment is increased in the presence of alcohol, as is also true in men. Administration of aleohol a few hours after the aniline injection oheoks the disappearance of the methemoglobin. 03117843 lW d W o HW8B-0007935 References to Recent Literature - 10 374 X. I`ETHEMOGLOBIN FORlftTIO:: FRO!-' NITROBENZENE. G. Schvredtke and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 133-142 (1938). German. After subcutaneous injection of an oily nitrobenzene solution in cats, r.ethercoglofcin formed in the blood gradually but remained for several days, instead of disappearing more quickly as when aniline is administered. Nitrobenzene has no effect v/hen simply sprinkled on the skin. Injuries to men ascribed in the lit erature to nitrobenzene, for instance from stamping ir.k, are in reality cases cf aniline poisoning. 375 XI. DINITROBENZENE. "{. Heubner and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 143-151 (1936), German. Dinitrobenser.es are considerably more toxic than nitrobenzene. The para com pound is "he most toxic. As with aniline, there is a `"circular process'1 in which the poison reacts continuously. Amounts of methemoglobin formed by dinitrobenzer.e may exceed the equivalent ratio 3 times with the ortho compound, up to 20 times v/ith the nets, and up to 100 times with the para. The conver sion of the blood pigment by the poison thus has a catalytic character. The intermediary anidophenols evidently have the chief share in methemoglobin formation. 376 O-EDICAL PREVENTION OE CHRONIC BENZENE INTOXICATION "NITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO URINARY SULFATES, Enrico C. Vigliani and Giannini. Rass. Had. applicata iavoro ind. 8_, 376-403 (1937). Italian. Conjugated sulfates represented 60-70>S of the total sulfates eliminated by v/orkers exposed to benzene vapors; they comprised only 10-20^ of tha aulfates ir. the control groups. The determination or urinary sulfates together with the hematological picture was considered a good test for chronic benzene intoxication. 377 STUDIES ON LATENT BENZENE POISONING. P. Emile-iVeil, Perles, and A. Asohkenasy. Sang. 12, 151-179 (1938). (French). Characteristic benzene poisoning symptoms were found in workers engaged in Gluing together rubber coats, using a rubber adhesive dissolved in benzene. Only such workers were examined as had not been officially reported ill. Tabu lar results are given. Red blood counts below 4 million were present in 33?S of the mer. and 32% of tha women, all apparently healthy. White blood oounts below 5000 were found in 36,'S of the men and of the women. Leucopenia, eosir.ophilia and increase ir.' coagulation time were in evidence in 25^ and less of the cases, Thrombopenia was found in 66^, und a tendency toward aplasia in a third of those tested* Hypochlorhydria in the stomach contents was found in all of 8 cases examined. The authors reooramend hygiene supervision of home work oonditiona and periodic medical examinations. 373 SOLVENTS, THEIR HAZARDS AND PREVENTIVE 1EASUHES. E.H.Vfeber. Reiohsgesundheitsbl, 13., 77-79 (1938). German. This is a very general discussion of technical solvents and their hazards. The author includes boric solutions, lubricants and tempering oils among the sol vents. The dangers described include fire and explosion, acute and chronic poisoning, skir. injuries and formation of harmful conversion products, and the preventive measures recommended are substitution of non-inflammable and non toxic solvents, exhaust systems, personal cleanliness, alteration in work, etc. Finally the author calls attention to the danger arising from the use of trade names that do not give a clue to the real contents of solvents. 03117844 nwoB-0007936 References to Recent Literature - 11 379 FLOOD DYSCRASIAS CAUSED 3Y OCCUP..TIGU X-R*Y, RuDIUU, LUiD .,ND BEUZEUE. I.Vf, Held and A. Lieberson. Si.Y.State J. Med. 38_, 186-192 .(Feo. 1. 1335). The authors discuss the blood changes that occur after industrial exposure to X-rays and radium, lead ar.d benzene, and briefly discuss the sources of such exposure and the clinical picture. They emphasize she possibility of success ful treatment, provided the patient is removed from further exposure at an early stage of the disease. Differences between occupational and spontaneous blood dyscrasias are pointed out. In the former, only one part of the hema topoietic system is affected at first and the injury spreads to other parts only after a considerable length of time, while spontaneous dyscrasias, after a short period of local attack spread quickly to other portions. Exposure to X-rays and radium has an especial affinity for the hemolymph glands, producing either relative or absolute lymphocytosis. In lead poisoning, the erythro poietic system is primarily involved. Benzene has a special affinity for the leuco-blastic tissue in the bone marrow, producing an early leucopenia, leading lat-.-r to secondary anemia. Xylene and toluene resum'd a benzene in their ef fects, but in a lighter degree. Hitro and amido derivatives of benzene are more toxic than benzene an account of the methemoglobinemia produced. The effeota a of several drugs derived from benzene are similar to those of benzene. 380 INDUSTRIAL POISONI1TG FROM CEESOL. M. Duvoir, R.Hazemann, H.Dosoille and P. Miot. 3ull. et men. Soc. ned. d. Hop. de Paris, Series 3, 54, 106-117 (1931) French. Seven men were engaged for 1 1/t to 3 years in producing automobile brake bands, using a mixture of cresol, foraol, ammonia and asbestos. Complaints of head aches, eructation and vomiting with high blood pressure and tremors, reminded the authors of similar symptors among surgeons who had operated under a car bolic acid spray. Urine examinations of the workers showed up to 60 mg. phenol per liter, against the normal content of 12 mg. After improvement of the in dustrial process, the workers' blood pressure became normal in several months and the tremors were less pronounced. Similar but lighter symptoms were seen in another plant. 381 OF TRIOETHCCRESYLEdOSPEAiE. Adolaidc Ross Smith. Sad. Bull. 17, 118-9 (March 1936), Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, SO Centre St., Kew York, tf.Y. This substance came into prominence in 1930 when an "epidemic* of paralysis appeared among users of Jamaica ginger, particularly in the southern states, and investigations showed it to be present as an adulterant. Inter oases of paralysis were traced to the same material. It is used in industry toe very limited extent, the chief uses being in th6 manufacture of celluloid articles, as a plasticizer for pyroxylin lacquer, and in the recovery of phenol residues from gas plant effluents. Symptoms are desoribed, but its exaot method of ac tion is unknown. The lethal dose in ms is unknown but it is probably in the neighborhood of 1 g. per kilo of body weight. Only one ease of industrial poisoning from triorthocresylphosphate has been reported, and in that case a worker was deluged with the crude hot product. On account of its low volatil ity, there is no hazard from, the vapor. In a plant manufacturing 100,000 pounds a day without any special precautions, no cases of poisoning have oc curred. Investigation has shown no poisoning from contact with celluloid articles. However, on account of its serious effects when ingested, it should be used with caution. The isomers, trimstaoresylphoaphate and triparacresylphospnate, also used in industry, are not toxic, but they should also be used with caution on account of the possible presence of the ortho ccmpound. 03117845 1 5^ e References to Recent Literature - 12 332 CAR30N MONOXIDE POISONING IN INDUSTRY AND ITS PREVENTION. Special bulletin No. 194, New York State Dept, of Labor. Obtainable from the Secretary, State Dept, of Labor, 30 Centre St., New York City. Price 50 cents. This bulletin presents briefly in a simple and practical way, the general principles of carbon monoxide poisoning in industry. A resume of the physi ological effects of exposure and absorption, with outr* nding sign* and symp toms, is providod as a background for an understanding of the rules of pre vention. More detailed consideration is than given to the more important problems of prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning in. industry wherever fuel is burned, and where -workers are exposed to automobile exhaust gases. The maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide for continuous exposure is given, as well as a general outline for the medical supervision of workers where, for special reasons, exposure to the gas oannot always be kept within safe limits. 383 CARBON MONOXIDE. Dracgcr-Ecfto, No. 194 (Jan.-Fob. 1938). German. The entire issue is devoted to a discussion of carbon monoxide. After an intro duction by G. Stanpe, a paper oft 'WHERE DOES CARBON MONOXIDE COME FROM! by B. Ncujok includes a graph showing the carbon monoxide content of various gases. HOW DOES A CARBON MONOXIDE FILTER Vt'ORX? by F. Bangert, describes the Draeger protective device, its usee and limitations. MEASURING CARBON MONOXIDE IB IBS EXHAUST GAS OF ILLUMINATING GAS BURNERS, by Bangert, describes the Draeger detector, -which is sensitive to 0.02 volume % EXPERIMENTS ON THB CARBON MON OXIDE CONSENT OF A STREAM-LINED CAR, by E. IV. Steineti, shows very small ar- bon monoxide concentrations to be produced. On a long trip behind a truak with a poorly regulated diesel engine, the carbon monoxide in the car ran as high as 0.07%, Stolter describes a case of LOSS OF MEMORY IN CARBON MGNOXID* POISONING. Although the patient recovered consciousness after resusoitation, he had no memory of the time between his becoming aware of oonfusion In a gas-filled room until he awoke after sleeping several hours. In the final paper by X. Thiel on CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING, the author concludes that there is no real chronic poisoning from that gas. His conclusion is on the basis of theoretical reasoning and lack of experimental proof. 3S4 TRANSVERSE LESION OF THE SPINAL CORD AT THE LEVEL OF TS! FIRST AND SECOND LUM BAR VERTEBRAE AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. E. Zipf. Deutaoh. Zteohr. f. Nervenh 142, 39.(German). (1937), In a patient who survived about a day after carbon monoxide poisoning, were found various symptoms of paralysis of the' lower part of the body. Autopsy showed considerable swelling of the spinal oord at the level of the 12th dorsal vertebra, and histologic examination revealed perivasoular round cell infiltrations in that region. There were no indications of another cause, and the carbon monoxide poisoning must be considered responsible for the injuries. 385 ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN BLAST FURNACES, F. Rabeneick. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. 15, 1-9, 25-37 (1938). German. This is an illustrated detailed description of technical installations for accident prevention and protection against oarbon monoxide, 386 FaT.iL POISONING FROM NELDING NITS ACETYLENE (DISSOUS GAS). Ifcwioh. x.rbeitesehut2, 43-44 (1938). (German). The author discusses several cases of poisoning in welders oaused by oxides of nitrogen, described in British and Austrian labor office reports, and hopes for clarification by further investigation. 03117846 HffBB-0007937 rfflBB-0007938 /I gsrra, /T / /V 03117S47 FOURTH SILICOSIS SYMPOSIUM. The Fourth Silicosis Symposium -will te held June 19-E3, 1939 at the Saranac Laboratory, Saranac Lake, N. Y. Tho Symposiums are held every two years to dis cuss aspects of and developments in the silicosis problem. This year's program is comprised of a variety of interesting and pertinent subjects by well-known authorities in the field. It will be somevfhat broader than those of the past and will include, in addition to the general subjects, discussions an silicosis in various industries, as dolomite, iron, coal and gold mining, and in gypsum, cement, foundry, and other industries. It is probable that the proceedings will appear in published form t< llowing the meeting. Registration is limited to 100, a tiition is $25. Address applications to Secretary of Trudeau School, P. 0. Box 131, Saranac Lake, N. Y. HifBB-0007939 References to Recent Literature - 13 387 ST.wTISTlC.iL COMPILATION OF FATAL C..SES OF POISONINGS (EXCEPT CARBON MONOXIDE aND ILLUMINATING GAS) aU TOPS ED aT TEE MEDICO-LEGAL INSTITUTE OF MUNICH FROM ~ / 1914-1936. A Kogler, Samm* v. Vergiftungsf, 9, 1-32 (1938). (German). This paper inoludes reports of a number of autopsies in 3avaria, including accidental poisonings and suicides. The industrial cases include poisoning from fumes of nitric and other acids, nitrous gases and "soot inhalation,* 388 G..SES FROM C-iRBON aRCS, R.VT,Coltman. Research Labs., National Carbon Co., lnc., Cleveland, Ohio. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol. 20, 289-96 (april 1938). Reprints probably obtainable from author. The author investigated the production of gases produced by carbon arc lamps of various types. Carbon dioxide is naturally the chief product of combustion, but nitric oxido is always produced in quantities which are the same whether alternating or direct ourrent is used, and approximately proportional to the arc current for any one type of carbon. Unimpregnated and therapeutic oarbons give off more fixed nitrogen than carbons containing rare earths. In small enclosed spaces the nitrogen peroxide, formed immediately by oxidation of the nitric oxide, may reach concentrations above the toxio limit. The amount of carbon monoxide, even in extreme cases, is negligible from the standpoint of health hazard, Osor.e could not be determined on account of experimental dif ficulties. The results of a number of experiments are presented in tabular form. 389 THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INHaLATION OF C.JIBON aRC FUMES. E.L.MoQuiddy, 7 J. Perry Tollman, Leroy'S. La Towsky and Milward Bayliss. Univ. of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Neb. J. Ind. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20_, 297-311 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable from senior author. The paper presents some of the results of an investigation of hazards in the motion picture industry. It v/as shown by the authors (confirming the results of others) that the undiluted gross fumes arising from an electrio carbon are are toxio to aninals* The pathologioal results* given with a number of il lustrations, show that the e:-.*nges are produced by oxides of nitrogen. 390 THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF THE CARBON ARC. E.L.MoQuiddy, J. Perry Tollman, T?. La Towsky and Milward Bayliss. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol. 20, 312-20 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable as in preceding abstract. The results obtained with another type of arc than those used by Coltman (abstract 388) are in general agreement with those of Coltman. Four types of analysis for carbon monoxide failed to show its presence in the exhaust fumes. No sulfur dioxide was found. There is no satisfactory method for the specific determination of osone, and its presence could not be oonfirmad. It was indicated that the M.S.A. carbon monoxide indicator is not specifio for carbon monoxide in the presenoe of oxides of nitrogen. A fine ash of fairly definite composition is giver, off. 391 VENTILATION OF MOTION PICTURE BOOTHS. Philip Drinker and J. Raymond Snell. J. lnd. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 321-30 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable frem Prof. Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. A modern motion-projector lamp was set up in a 3000 cu. ft. room whioh could be ventilated or air-conditioned as desired. It was found that if the lamp was ventilated through the flue pipes at rates above 12 af*m there was no sensible escape- into the room of nitrogen tetroxide or other substances formed by the eleotric arc. If the ventilation is adequate to dispose of the heat so that reasonable comfort to the operator is attained, it would undoubtedly be ample for the removal of any harmful products produced by the carbon arc. A rate of 12 c.f.m.- through the flue pipe is sufficient. No recirculation should be used. 'iThore a flue pipe cannot be used, the general ventilation of the stage should be sufficient to insure adequate removal of the heat and the produots of combustion. HHBB-8007940 References to Recent Literature - 14 392 CANCER OF THE LUNG. 3rit. Med. J. 1_, 682 ('&rch 26, 1938). An editorial comment on the paper by J.A,Campbell, (our abstract 536, November bulletin), calls attention to his results that even where tar has been ex tracted from road dust 4555 of the mice still developed tumors, lending some apparent support tS^gtherwise very debatable proposition that the inhalation of silica disposes to lung cancer. The question arises whether the lung can cer found in mice is th-,, same as that found in manj although Camnbell supports the belief that it is, caution is required in interprepation of his results. 393 CANCER OF TEE LUNG. j, Argyll Campbell. Brit. Med. J. 1_, 755 (April 2, '38) The author, referring in a letter to the above editorial, shows the fairly close correspondence in composition between the road dust which he used and the pitchblende dust in the Joachimstal mines where the cancer incidence has beer. high. 3oth arc- high in silica (44/5 in road dust and 57J5 in Joachimstal) /T^ and iron oxide (4.5/5 and 6.5/5 respectively), which the author considers sig nificant. Figures for alumina, magnesia and lime are also given. Animal experiments are being conducted with nickel dust from "old matte", from source where the incidence of cancer is high, with the supposition that iron and other metals may play somo catalytic part in the development of lung oan- cer. The author reiterates his belief that the lung cancer found in mic# and human lung cancer are similar. (The cases of cancer in the Joachimstal ^jLnes have giver, rise to somo controversy. Some authors attribute it to radiw emanation, but others point out the very low amount of emanation present and believe that silica is primarily responsible.) 394 OCCUPATION AND CANCER. !'. Stacmmlor. Mflnch. med. Wchaschr. 85, 121-125 (1938). (Gorman). The difficulties of collecting information and lack of statistics of indus trial mortality from cancer are first described. Localisation of canoer de pends on the site of immediate action of the damaging substance, as in the case of bladder tumors. On the other hand, definite organa and tissues prob ably have varying tendencies to react to a definite injury with cancer forma tion. Often the histological form of occupational cancer of definite organs differs from other cancers occurring in the same organs. Industrial cancer of the skin and of the lungs, for instance, is usually a squamous ooll epithelioma. Furthermore, occupational cancer has & special tendenoy to ap pear in a multiple form. Often a prcc&ncerous stage is notiooable. Disposi tion plays only a slight role in occupational cancer. 395 A STUDY OF MINER'S NYSTAGMUS. Raymond S. Brock. Brit. Med. J. 1. 443-4 (Feb, 26, 1938). " There are two general theories of the cause of nystagmus; thoso suggesting some toxic agency, and those postulating some form of fatigue. Exposure to darkness has also been considered as a factor. No connection with carbon monoxide or other noxious gas or vapor has been proved. The author arrives at no positive conclusion but states that; (l) prolonged work below ground may bring about oscillation of the eyes which does not neoossarily cause dis ablement; (2) when disability does arise it is usually duo to an associated psychor.<-urosis, and (3) prevention depends upon recognition of these faots, treatment of contributing disorders, diminished stress in the mine, barring of unsuitable applicants, improved economic conditions, and stricter assess ment of disablement. 03117849 HHBB-B0B79M References to Reoent Literature - 15 ' 396 REEUM1TISM AMD MINERS. A. Fell. Pressemed., 179-180 (1938) (French). Data accumulated in various countries often show a higher incidence of rheu matism than of tuberculosis. In workers in a group of iron mines, 100 to 00 meters deep and slightly humid, the incidence of rheumatism is 4175. Out of 100 slate workers, 22 were incapacitated by rheumatism and lumbago, and 18 out of 100 oases of sickness in the mines were of those diseases. Chronic subacute forms of rheumatism are also very common among miners. 397 `.FORK PHYSIOLOGY. I.E.Ataler. Ergeb. d Physiol., Biol. Chem. u. ex~. Pharmakol. 40_, 325-436 (1333). (German). Ir. this first paper of a series the author says in his definition of work physiology: "To must search for ways to bring the working man to his highest physiologic efficiency and keep him in ttiis condition as long as possible. 'Ve must arrange his work so that it corresponds to the laws of the human or ganism; above all, -,ve must construct machinery and tools properly and adjust chc operations to physiological rules." Heavy work is considered, in this paper, with detailed discussion of the processes of the organism (metabolism, blood sugar, internal secretions, heart, circulation and respiration). The influence of training is ne-xt considered, and a discussion of fatigue follows, with a description of the fatigued muscle, the anatomy and chemistry of fatigue, and its effect on the nervous system. Abstract 351 Additional information - Also abstracted in Ind. Bull. 17, 61-2 (Feb. 1938). Reprint of abstract obtainable at address given, and the original should be available now or at an early date, as a Special Bulletin of the New ^ork Statt Department of Labor. Correotiom Abstract 310, April bulletin. The author's name should bo L. Breitenecker and the reference, Deutsch. Ztschr. f. d. ges. gerichtl. Med. 29, 187-9 (1935). 03117850 To members of the Foundation > 'iib are new able to give improved service in securing copies of original papers when desired, on account of the extension of the 'work or, the American Documenta tion Institute. We shall continue to give information that free reprints are available from authors when we know that to be the case, but when reprints are not obtainable or not readily obtainable, as in the case of foreign papers, we car: make use of the following services r (l) i'iorofilms of any literature available at any of 3 Government libraries in Washington may be obtained at 20 cents for the paper, plus 1 cent per page. A page on the microfilm is about lxl-l/2" and the use of a magnifying glass is required. A viewer costing $1.50, obtainable through Science Service, is satisfactory for reading the films when only occasional use is necessary. A 5C cent nagnifying glass can be used, but not so conveniently and with more danger of eyestrain. A much more elaborate and expensive projeotion reader is also available, but the expense would not be justified unless large number of films are to be read. A hand reading glass does not give sufficient magnification. (2) Photoprints, 5x3" are obtainable from the same service, at a cost of 20 cents for the article, plus 5 cents per page* "o viewer is required. This cost is lower than that of photo prints heretofore obtainable* and may be higher or lower than the price of the magazine* Ir. the case of foreign papers, the purchase of photoprints will save the delay in seouring tho reprint or periodical from a foreign country. IVe cannot promise tha t every paper ir. our bulletin can be so obtained, but believe that the great majority of papers can bo secured ir, this form. If papers are wanted ocoasionally, the microfilm will be less expensive, as the saving on a total of 40 pages will pay for the viewer, Wo shall be glad to secure photoprints, microfilms and viewers at cost, for members who dosire them, but it will to necessary definitely to state what is wanted. Of course, we shall continue to obtain or to give infer:t-ion on reprints vdienever they car. be secured. 03117851 <r<-\ U *1 HhB8-0oB7924