Document mBxvy3Rj6wMN6vwQygDEBXR54

Distribution on last page Iar2^5| Bo I, DO PONT m MOOES A CQEPA FABRICS ft FINISHES DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL DIVISION FMUM LABOE/iTORT CLASS II-A APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT HO. 977 PROJECT HO. J-2G&X MW M CIRCULATION SUBJECT; INVESTIGATION OF PROCESSAS APPLIED TO OTdO MANUFACTURE CONFIDENTIAL DATE ISSUED; APRIL 20, 1950 PERIOD COVERED; APRIL 1, 1?A8 T OCTOBER 7S I9A9 PREVIOUS REPORTS OH SAME SUBJECT 1 HOBS APPROVED HT N 29353 p a r l x k u e g h a t o k x b e x r t tio. Wf SUBJECT* INVESTIGATION OF 4? PROCESS" AS APPLIED TO DU00 MMjS'AdTURi The ah? Process" was developed at the Philadelphia Lab oratory during the latter part of 19^S The term i!4? Process" Is used to designate the grinding and dispersion of pigments In vehi cles Involving the use of very small grinding media such as sand In an agitated vessel. Data obtained at Philadelphia on their work with "BULtlX'1' (1) have indicated the.following advantages of this process over the standard ball grinds improved quality*, improved service through decreased cycles, lower initial Investment required, and lower power costs0 The late Mr, John Marshall in his letter of April Xp 1948 to Mr, G-, E, Oonde ashed that a brief preliminary study of the "4? Process" be conducted by the Pariin Laboratory with a view to exploring its possibilities particularly as a means of supple menting w & P capacity. As outlined by Mr, Marshall, the primary purpose of the laboratory work Would be to acquire data which could subsequently be used by the PariIn Process and Methods Group to apply "4? Process" techniques to the grinding of BDucos,0 A rather extensive study was mad to Investigate "<47 Pro cess" as a possible substitute for current vacuum W A P dispersions. Pigments currently dispersed by a ball mill were studied to a 1ea ger extent* The subject process does not appear to offer economic advantages over the "49 Process"; therefore., enamels which can easily be adapted to the latter method of manufacture were not in cluded in this study* . $** experimental work in connection with this study Is cuvided into eight sections* A, Dispersion of Maroon Toner (-898), B0 Dispersion of Milori Blue (-582), 0* Evaluation of 60-80 Mesh Sand, Da Dispersion of highly pigmented products* E, Manufacture of single pigment tinting enamels currently dispersed In the ball mill, F, Application of w-47 Process" technique to pigmented EPGN finishes. G, Dispersion of Santocel "0" (0-222), H, Evaluation of Teflon grinding discs. DUP030001163 ggMKflg AHP 0CKCLP8I0S3 X* *47 Process" .dispersions of -582 Milori Blue and W-896 Maroon poises* into " Buco" formulations compare favorably ip gloss and color characteristics with corresponding ball mill dispersed enamels* However* attempts to obtain the jetness of ton and freedom from hazep which are possible by pulp process dispersion were unsuccessful., 2c In the grinding of Milori Blu and Maroon toner pig*, ments, faster grinding rates and slightly improved color were ob tained by using 60-80 mesh sand In place of 20-30 meeh sand com monly used in process" work* 3o Steel shot appear to be more effective than sand in grinding certain highly pigmented products,, 4c Laboratory work to date indicates that single pigment fiDuooK formulations currently dispersed in the ball mill can be dispersed by the *47 Process'* to give favorable gloss* color, and durability characteristics* 5,o The (,4? Process* appears to give satisfactory disper sion of pigments into BPQH Resin finishes* 6* Satisfactory laboratory scale dispersion of Santocel flC*. a silica aerogel:p were' .made by the "47 Process" using glass equipment * ?o On the basis of limited teste* grinding discs made from Teflon appear to give favorable resistance to wear in the subject process* ACTION TAMM ParXln laboratory Release Letter No* 380 was written suggesting that the factory purchase and Install a semi-works unit. The Parlin Plant now has a 23 gallon "47 Process" unit in which the Process and Methods Group are applying laboratory find ings on a plant production scale* JB it immm/mM The ?}47 Process" is embraced by patent application Hoohberg .FFT>.1509. One Office Action has been received t.o date and the cited reference art was the same as that known at the time of filing. The use of "Teflon" discs may represent a patent able improvement B but it appears premature to initiate patent action in this connection* mgzmxmmi&L Maroon Toner is currently dispersed into lacquer vehi cles by the pulp process* This process gives a very deep clean tone which in the past ha not been duplicated by ball mill dis persion techniques* Considerable savings An the coat of taaaif actors DUP030001164 - 3- could b effected if the Pp o o s s 1' could to utilized for tb dispersion of this pigments, The Maroon Toner pigment t o ground in Cl) dibutyl phth&Xat, blown castor oil., and solventej (2) alkyd resin and solvents; (3) blown castor oil. dibutyl phthalat, nitrocellulose solution, and solvents; (A) alkyd resin,'nitrocellulose, and solvents; and (5) tbs entire nitrocellulose, solvents resin* and plasticizer content* Make-ups of the dispersions were compared with ball mill dispersed enamels and with pulp process enamels* . The mill bases which did not contain nitrocellulose gave light, dull, and dirty colors when made into 253-033M Maroon Tint ing Enamel* Odor and gloss improved as the nitrooellulose ocntent of the mill base was increased* Also the heat generated by the sand grinding increased with the nitrocellulose content * Formula tion in which the olgraent was ground in solvent, nitrocellulose solution, and plasticizer, as well as those ground in solvent, nitro cellulose, and resin gave better gloss and color characteristics than did ball mill dispersions* However, the depth of tone which an be obtained by the pulp process could not be approached by *4? Process* dispersion* A brief study of the effects of varying grinding cycle indicated that gloss improves and color becomes cleaner as grind ing cycles are lengthened* The Wetness of tone appears to reach a maximum with approximately 1 hour3 a grinding at 2350 p*p*m* using a 50/50 volume ratio of sand to .mill base., Beyond this op timum grinding cycle a lighter and redder tone is produeed* At the request of the Parlin Plantp the subject process was compered with ball mill grinding as a method of reworking maroon enamels which war low in gloss* Process* grinds were mad using a 50/50 volume ratio of sand to the maroon tinting enamel*. Although satisfactory gloss could eventually be obtained by both methods, neither process gave'a color which would meet the require ments of 253-033M Maroon Tinting Enamel As shown in Figure 1 of the Appendix, the rate of grind ing increased as the agitator speed was increased* Also a con siderably higher rate of dispersion was obtained in the "A? Pro cess* than in the ball mill* The current method of dispersing Milord Blue pigment by the pulp process involves the separation of water from the TO stock by vacuus distillation* This process affords a com paratively costly method of manufacture and introduces a slight fire hazard* If the *A? Process" could be used to disperse pig ments of this type, savings in manufacturing costs could be real ised and critical IIP equipment could be released for other usee* Tim laboratory devoted a great deal of work to the deter mination of the mill base composition which apoeared to give the DUP030001165 tesst dispersion of Milori Blue pigment, The results are siren in Sable X of the App'eadixe Pronounced differences in the color and. gloss of the finished products resulting fro the various mill base composi tions were noticed.. As the dispersions all used a constant ratio of sand to mill base, and constant agitator speeds* it apoears that the grinding vehicle composition greatly influences pigment dispersion, The formulation which appeared to glv the best overall color and gloss characteristics consisted of blow castor oil* dibutyl phthalate, pigment- and solvent, this formulation was used in subsequent experiments to determine the optimum viscosity and grinding time for Milori Blue dispersions. Samples were taken at intervals of grinding and sad into finished product. . Sprayouta of the resulting 253-051 Milori Blue lacquer. showed that the color is a reddish blue at the beginning of the grind period. At the beginning* as grinding proceedsB the color becomes darker and bluer. If grinding* is extended for a long period of time* however* th oolor changes toward a light blue, With good mixing action* about 4o-6o minutes appears to be the opti mum grinding time in laboratory batch process equipment. Particle size measurements of certain formulations were mad by using an electron microscope* From Table X it an be seen that some relationship seems to exist between particle sis and color and gloss characteristics. Particles near to or larger than 1 micron tend to impair the gloss f a Milori Blue lacquer. Agglom erates slightly smaller appear to scatter light and produce a lighter color. The deep jet blue tone which is desired in Milori Blue lacquers appears to be produced by unit particles, The tend ency for these lacquers to become lighter on extended sand grind ing might be explained partially on the basis that extended grind ing gives a larger proportion of agglomerates of such size that they exert a pronounced light scattering effect. ^Undoubtedly the contamination caused by fragment e from the sand and the mixing equipment also contribute to the lighter color. Contamination was further studied in the evaluation of Teflon discs. The first grinds mad in castor oil, dlbtufcyl phthalat, and solvent were '6f vary low viscosity (about 19 .oontipoisesj. The Philadelphia Laboratory reported that their best results were obtained using viscosities, slightly less than 500 centlpolses. Viscosities of grinds in the Parlin experiments were varied by eliminating solvents from the grind portion. The composition and viscosities of the mill bases and the color and gloss of the fin ished product are given in Table XX appended. On the basis of these results it would appear that the viscosities recommended by Philadelphia for dispersion in wOTLOX8 ^aleo are about optimum for dispersing into 9Duoo8 vehicle. A viscosity of 1200 entipoisee appears to be near the maximum for good agitating action, Viscosities in the rang from 50 to ' 1200 oentipolees give comparable gloss of the finished product. DUP030001166 .5 The type of solvent In th ill base appears to influ ence the color developed on'grinding* Data on the effect of solvent r not oomplete or conclusive, however# Generally speaking, satisfactory glose, hiding and tint ing strength could be obtained by 4? Process'5 dispersion of MIXorI Blue pigments* She beet color produced was more desirable than that obtained by ball mill grinding* It would be satisfactory for us In certain lacquer formulations but was not within Parllft factory color limits* Parlin Laboratory shaders were not able to match 202-51568 Nightshade Blue, a metallic blue. Using "47 Process0 material because the color was somewhat light and milky as compared to pulp nrooess dispersions* She best results obtained were produced by grinding the pigment in-castor.oil, dibutyl phthalate, and hydrocarbon at vis cosities from 100 tol200 entipoises* The grinding time is fairly critical and the optimum cycle will vary with the equipment used* In laboratory, batch processes, grinds of slightly less than 1 hour appear to give best results* Minor improvements in color were ob tained by using 6o-8o mesh sand and toy using .silicone oil as a wetting agent * 0* Evaluation of 60-80 Mesh Sand Experience in the Philadelphia Laboratory and throughout, the Finishes* Division Indicates 20-30 mesh Ottawa sand to be the most satisfactory general purpose grinding medium for *47 Process**. However, it is a generally accepted theory that for maximum grind ing .efficiency, an optimum ratio exists between the diameter of the grinding media and the diameter of the particles being groundo Therefore, it appears logical that finer sand might toe more effec tive in'dispersing pigments of very small particle else* As in ball mill grinding, it Is difficult to formulate a general theory of *47 Process* operation. Four types of grind ing action probably take places Impest grinding, rolling or rush ing, attrition grinding (whereby pigment t>articles are rubbed against themselves and against sand particles),-.and a kneading action or work against pigment agglomerates by the viscous pull of the grinding veh tele* ' The fineness of sand affects the latter action only Insofar as it affects the viscosity of the grind * As in ball mill grinding the grinding surface 1 inversely proportional to the cub of the diameter of the grinding media* Grinding by attrition would to expected to increase as the diameter of the grinding media decrease* Also within certain limit, the amount of rolling or rushing would become greater as the diameter of the grinding particle decreases. The amount of grinding toy Im pact would toe expected to decrease a the grinding media become smaller as will toe discussed under Section P of the report* Fahrenwald and Lee in their studies found that a 17 angle of nip gave optimum grinding efficiency in a ball mill. The DUP030001167 $ angle of no can to calculated from the formula Cos M/2 (r r a) 4. (r f to) where aKH i angle of nip, ars represents the radius of grinding particles, a&a equals 1/2 the spao between grinding media, Cassumed to be aero) .and RbB is the radius of the particle toeing ground. By this formula the grinding media should to approximately 3*3 microns in diameter to give maximum efficiency in grinding of agfrlomerates 0X micron in diameter, and approximately 1/6 inch for grinding 325 mesh pigment e,, J. If.' Pallavall in his booh on Micromerltics ^ states that for maximum grinding efficiency, the following condition should exists particle diameter/ball diameter 2 6 x 1G"*0 where diameters are expressed in micron. According to this formula, 125 mesh particles or about 130 microns would give best results for grinding agglomerates near X micron in diameter, and about X/b inch particles would toe preferred for grinding 325 mesh materialP Both the above formulas are based on ball mill grinding. The first formula is based on work with comparatively large parti cles. The latter formula is baaed on studies of small particles and Is undoubtedly more applicable to the grinding of Milori Blue and Maroon pigments. Both formulae show that particles for dis persing pigments such as Milori Blue, which has a unit particle diameter of approximately .03 microns, should be appreciably smaller than particles used for grinding talc and other coarse pigments which may toe as much as &0 microns in diameter. It can be readily understood, however, that the use of very fine grinding media creates an tojectionatol filtration problem. It is possible that a mill base containing pigment parti cles of wide range in diameters msy be ground more .efficiently' by (1) grinding in stages using coarse m& In the first stag and fine sand in the last stage or (2) toy using sand of a wide rang in diameters as a grind media., Both methods have proved effectto in ball mill grinding? however, very little work in connection with this study was directed along these lines. In order to evaluate the merits of the finer send, W~ 582 Milori Blue and -896 Maroon Toner were dispersed using 60$0 mesh send m & grinding media. Sand which will go through an 80 mesh sieve was not used as it is very difficult to filter from the mill base and cannot toe ototained in uniform spherical shape. Mdc e-ups of the 60-80 mesh sand dispersions were compared with corresponding make-ups from dispersions made using 20-30 mesh sand. 253s" 033M Maroon mad from a 1 hour 60-80 me eh sand grind gave a Gardner gloss reading of 93 as compared to a reading of 68 obtained from a corresponding make-up of a 20-30 mesh dispersion. A X hour 20-30 mesh sand dispersion of Milori Blue in a thin mill base (38 entipolses) composed of oigment, dibutyl phthalate. Castor oil, and solvent gave a Gardner gloss reading of 76 while a corresponding 60-80 mesh sand dispersion gave a Gardner reading of 85. Subsequent 1 hour grinds, of a mill base composed of castor oil, ditoutyl phthalate, and petroleum naphtha (viscosity of 325 oentipolses) gave a gloss of 85 for the finer sand and a gloss of 80 for the 20-30 mesh sand. Of interest Is the fact that the ob served gloss differential of the above dispersion is more DUP030001168 pronounced than is the 60 angle gloss? differences obtained by the Gardner Glossraeter, Also slight improvements in color were noted although even the finer sand did not give the desired color characteristics* There is some indication that lees abrasion of the con tainer results from the use of the fine sand. This nlsrht be so* pected as the force of liquid friction opposing the force of the moving sand ^articles becomes more effective as the size of the sand decreases,'6) Therefore the finer sand particles have con siderably less momentum by the time they reach the sides of the container, ? The 60-80 mesh sand appear to ''body* the mill' base to a greeter extent that does the coarser sand, Thus* either a higher ratio of mill base to sand, or a lower viscosity mill base is required to give an optimum grinding consistency. Generally speaking, the use of 60-80 mesh sand increases filtration problems. However, on the basis of laboratory teste, faster grinding rates and slightly improved color can be obtained by using the finer sand for dispersing Milori Blue and Maroon pig ments*. D* PX undercoats and other highly pigmented products are usually dispersed in the ball mill. The *4? Process should b convenient for use in the manufacture of big mover of this type as a unit could be used continuously on on product for a con siderable period of time. Significant savings in labor costs could thus be effected. Certain PX undercoats which can be ground at low vis cosities apparently can be manufactured satisfactorily by the the process'9. Included in this category are flexible sur~ facers, sealers, and undercoat primers, 233-156? Flexible PX Surfacer, 233-1538 PX Primer, and 233-9609 Sark Oxide Sealer have been satisfactorily dispersed on a laboratory scale by sand grinding. In all 233 line products the grind portion plus the take out portion appears to give a practical grinding consistency. The largest percentage of ball mill capacity is utilized in the manufacture of primer surfaoere. Attempts to manufacture these products by ***? Process* have been discouraging. Satisfactory fineness, as Judged from smoothness of surface and lacquer hold cut teste could b obtained, but all sand ground primer surfaeers which gave satisfactory hold out of topcoats presented poor drysanding characteristics, Ml or part of the following'factor may contribute to the poor sanding qualities of sand ground primer eurfacerss (1) some of the sand may b dispersed into the primer surfacer, C2) some of the pigment may be retained in the sand; or (3) the pigment particles may be so ground during the *W Process operation that a sprayed film forms a closely packed, hard sand ing surfaceo DUP030001169 As mentioned in the discussion of Teflon grinding discs (Section H of this report), a clear dispersed by *4? Process* def initely shows some contamination from sand which is of such small particle sis that it cannot b removed by felt and nainsook fil tration. In the case of primer surfaoera, very hard pigments ere being grounds There is a possibility that these pigments would in crease the wear of the sand particles so that contamination W sand might be appreciable. In this connection it was also noticed that Sanding Qualities diminished as the grinding cycle Increased, How ever, ash and total solids determinations on sand ground 233-1912 bight ray Primer Surfaoer and 233-1913 Park ray PX Primer Surfaoer showed that solids increased on grinding but that the ratio of pig ment to total solids did not hang appreciably during the grinding procedure* These results would suggest that any contamination du to dispersed sand was offset by retention of other pigment in the grinding media* Initially it was believed that the poor sanding qualities of batch Process* dispersion .might be explained On the basis that some of the sanding aid or pigment is retained in the sand* It was hoped that satisfactory sanding would result from the use' of a continuous process grind. Actually, continuous process batches showed an improved over batch dispersions but they were not oompar- able to corresponding ball mill ground products. The primer surfaoer ingredients and thinner T-3&t> were ground at spraying viscosity. The resuitlog material gave better sanding than did heavier mill base dispersions but was still in ferior to the factory standards in this respect* Slight changes in effective pigment to binder ratio of primer surfaoer formulations could have an appreciable effect os sanding. Changes In grinding procedure probably would effect the average particle sis and thereby the oil absorption character-, istios of the pigment particles* It has been shown that varia tions in the grinding procedure can have a pronounced effect on the overall performance of a primer surfaoer *7), As mentioned in Section 0 of this report many types of grinding probably take place in *4? Process* dispersions. It is believed that here as in ball mill grinding, under optimum grind ing conditions the large pigment particles are for the most part broken up by impact force'. Some of the pigment particles present in primer surfaoer formulations are approximately ho microns in diameter and probably an be broken up best by this method. The force of centrifugal settling by the formula: F ** rf /6g dp5Cop - %) r an b expressed where P force in grams, g acceleration , gravity, fL diameter of particle, Cp and Cb specific gravity of the partiell and of the liquid respectively, r * the radius in centimeters through which the particle is traveling, and w the angular velocity of the particle in radians per second* DUP030001170 <so ^ .*= 4 The above formula Is admittedly not directly applicable to the 84 Ay Process; however, it does show the magnitude of the factors which Influence the impact force developed by sand part icles traveling through a liquid, As in centrifugal settling* the impact fore increases as the speed and dimeter of the grinding particles are increased and as the difference in densities of the grinding media and the vehicle becomes larger* The impact force is. deeretsed by the viscous resistance of the medium to the motion of particles hurling through it as expressed lay Stole" s law* Therefore* a grinding media of a high specific gravity and a low viscosity mill base would be expected to promote a faster rat of impact grinding. The composition of primer surfaoers is such that mill bases of viscosities lower than 20 cup material cannot be easily obtained without altering the ultimate product composition. Con sequently s mill bases cannot be formulated which will give a de sirable viscosity for sand grinding. It is observed that very little turbulence and rolling is obtained. The attrition of sand and pigment particles which results from sand grinding of a viscous mill base might be expected to give preferential grinding of pigmenta and extenders which have low shear resistance* the same particles which promote easy sanding. A primer-surfacer film containing a mixture of pigments would then present tops of the larger pigment particles which might be expected to be of the harder sanding variety. Some encouraging results were obtained by using grind ing media of a higher specific gravity than sand. Steel shot X/l6e in diameter were used to rerlto send in the hy process8 grinding equipment. Primer surfaoers ground with shot gave better dry sanding characteristics than did sand ground material. Also satisfactory fineness as measured by smoothness and lacquer hold out could be obtained in less time by this method. Laboratory batches of 233-1912 Light Gray Primer Surfacer which appeared to be satisfactory in all respects were produced by grinding with 1/169 diameter steel shot, E, Manufacture of Single Pigment Enamels Currently Dispersed in ................................. .......................................___ Ball mill grinding is utilized at Perlin chiefly for the grinding and dispersion of pigments which are ooerse and hard. Included in this oategorjr are iron oxide pigments, extender pigment8, bone blacks, Turkey Burnt Umber, etc. Generally speaking* laboratory work indicates then pigment a can be satisfactorily dis persed by the 18A? Process. A brief investigation of * A? Process grinding of these pigments indicated that the ball mill formula In cluding the add to pull portion generally forms the most favorable grinding vehicle, On this basis MB-253-C895 Had Iron Oxide, MB-2530373H Victoria Maroon, KB-253-059 Monastral Blue* SSB-3^75 Burnt Umber and MB-028& Bone Black were dispersed by the "4? Process". Esch was ground 1 hour at 2350 r.p *ia, using approximately a 50/50 volume ratio of sand to mill base, When made into 253-1In tint ing enamels each of these disoerstone produced gloss and color comparable to their corresponding standards. Exposure tests of 9Ay Process 253-020 Bom Black and DUP030001171 ** xo -- i 253-ObO Burnt Umber way made in Florida and In Delaware* Hesalts from 12 months exposure tests indioate that, the sand ground enamels show Slightly less chalking and sllght&y better polish back characteristics than do corresponding enamels dispersed in the biO.1 mill* the Parlin factory has installed a 23 gallon semi-works &? Process0 unit* theAccess and Method Group has attempted to disperse W-284 Bon Black in this equipment using laboratory devel oped formulas* Satisfactory gloss and color have been obtained but some objectionable grit formation was encountered* Further work is underway to overcome this difficulty by Varying the mixing pro cedure used in incorporating the mill base into finished 253-020 Black* It is expected that other single pigment enamels cur rently dispersed in the ball mill can alas be adopted to factozysoale "4? Process0 production, The subject process may find use as a quick method of producing certain small production items at hand mix* However, in this connection, leaning the sand between batches presents a serious problem. Xt may prove to be more practical to replace the sand than to clean it between colors* Xf so, the sand would add considerably to the ultimate cost of the product, P, Application of "by Process" Technique tq Pigmented EPOS? Finisha Xn accordance with a request from Dr* A. 0, Buck, of the Parlin Laboratory, the pA? Process" was evaluated as a method of dispersing pigment into EPOS? resin finishes, 500 gras. of J-20O-X-XO129 Whit was premixed and ground with 900 gras# of 20-30 mesh sand* An agitator speed of 2350 r.p.m. was used and samples were taken at intervals* Fair dispersion was obtained after an 8 minute grind. A 1 hour grind gave visual gloss comparable to a 5 day pebble mill grind* Dispersion in EPOH resin solution generated a consider able amount of heat and temperatures as high as 75 v* were obtained. Both the white and the blue formulations were of satisfactory . viscosity Sfer 4? Process0 dispersion. Further study of sand grind ing technique as applied to EPOS resin solutions is being con ducted by the plant Process and Methods Group and by the Adhesives He search Section of the Parlin Laboratory* & MfB^Slon_Pf,,^ Santocel 0C*, a silica aerogel, is., used quite extensively in both "X>ueon and ^DtlLtiX8 type furniture finishes as a flatting agent. Considerable difficulty has been encountered in producing a dispersion of <3-222 which would give suitable clarity and.flatting effidifnjsy, Currently, however, a satisfactory product is made by mill grinding with glass beads*. *47 Process" dispersions of this flatting agent which were mad in a quart an using stainless steel agitators resulted DUP030001172 In material of very poor clarity. ' It was evident that fragments fro th agitator and from the mixing vessel were contaminating the. product. Accordinglys subsequent experiments were made using glass agitating discs in a glass container. Samples were taken at intervals and submitted to the Furniture Laboratory for val uation. The "Duco1* flatting mill base samples were compared with a 7.5 hour glass bead grind by adding 20 parts of each to 80 parts of Ibooo Clear8 28$ solids type F lacquer* Results are given below Grind Grit after Filtration Sheen 'Clarity Glass Bead 7,5 hra. "by Process8 - 2 min. Hone hone m OK 69 Equal to std. "by Process8 - lo mis. "by Process8 - 30 min. "by Process8 - 60 min. Hone bef. bf. 72 Better than std. 7? M 8 8 78 0 8 TraveXoraeter tests Indicated the settling of each of th "by Process8 samples to be comparable to the glass bead ground sample* It can be seen from the above results that 9 by Process9 grinding gives' a faster grinding rat than does glass bead grinding* Clarity Improves with longer grinding but flatting efficiency deerasa. Later tests indicate that m 8 minute sand grind ap pears to be comparable in all respects to a 7*5 hour glass bead grind. The flatting mill base grinds also showed that higher clarity but poorer flatting efficiency results from ex tended grinding. Her a 10 minute grind period appears to b com parable in all respects to a 6 hour glass bead grinds Santee! *Cfl dispersion by the 8by Prooess88 shows con siderable promise% however* special equipment appears to be' neces sary to th production of Santoeel mill bases of suitable clarity by this method* ialaMm-pLJgggjB, At the suggestion of Mr, J. W. Clough, grinding disc were mad of Teflon, Bb? Process83 runs were made of a clear to compare the performance of Teflon grinding discs with stainless . steel grinding discs. The clear used was composed of blown castor oils dibutyl phthalat, and hydrocarbon.- i*l/2 hour grinds 'were mad using a 50/50 volume ratio"of sand to mill base. One grind was made using stainless steel agitator discs. The other grind used Teflon agitator dieos. An aigtator speed of 2350 r,p*m was used In both oases. The products from both grinds showed contam ination as shown in Table III of the Appendix* It is slgaifleant that send aooounted for approximately 78$ of the contamination of the Teflon disc ground material md only bb,,6$ of the cont.jsain&tloE of the metal die ground material* DUP030001173  12 This would indicate that Teflon is eons ides?ably .re resistant to abrasion than is th stainless steel used in the metal discs. The fast that metal discs give ,50$ contamination "by sand as against *25$ obtained by the Teflon discs indicates that more grinding is don by the metal discs. The gloss and color charaeterietics of Milori Blue dispersions mad by the two types of discs also indicates this to be true. It is believed that the amount of agitation could to to= Creased by corrugating or chanelllng the Teflon discs. On the basis of worts to date, the use Of Teflon grinding discs appears to merit farther study, . CQHFIPEMTXAL mmmATIOH , ,,,, subject is generally Considered confidential and should receive restricted distribution# iatea. 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WW!KrtSH)lK'< :* KaaasMn #tt*asnts*s b b b ** s aa**aas0a0a080naas0a9AWH000MitvSefSifRtS6f5iMi:fKai00S8$$K$0%i>#iK#9tAa a$ai ?# a**-saHas s ssSM^RflBiKimnfc&sSfisflsoijsaasftSSSyaa S m inaea aai(..n. 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Os Ox fi OX WWW W M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM SI HI*.d Itssi CJ in in *t . wM in eg <u in m , i SO . -SOt *\o. *SO. , *VO, ,' *M) ,' 1, *VO 4 *4 a *3 I ^* O N* ^ V) | ' vs so j us in a O, | pm . st 1 O 1 in $3 a* o , mm9 Is *l a . m II fa ft mm 2 S S o o A SH o o o o o o o o2 9o .mo a o ,J s jr jf a* *2 N N N K ^ ^ ^ IV Sfr j s> I? i283 $ & & & i ff <u S & I S as* 5 P* I I s 3 & 3 O 5* >.4 3 Si 0,0 3* tjKS IS il co t K s Its5 5d <d -H g p in 3 wl * -H . *rI m.CM ss DUP030001176 31 II 8 P 10$ I 5 m ft *r a ft 8' fe a hi a -? tl SI *S m *\ 40- J* V <s3" jSfr -sst- ah ft ah <sh CM m CM 8 HI. H 00 t. `j h*\ ' f-* i*\ .tem* m m m .m m rv m m Cte m CM 0. . CM CM CM CM CM a m CM CM CM lA *A i% m ,m CM iA m *A We < JJ * 5 1X f I II s 8 DUP030001177 OOmMIMATIOH OBTAINED IN SAHP GRXHDIMQ . L4 /X1Ml2B/K0Z m*<Mm.S>. p w s -s s IHSf?es S 'i is ifHop>S W H s 5 4 X o 3U 4 I * i DUP030001178 B|foligggpM Bo Hoohberg Philadelphia Exploratory Research Report #884 October 17, 1947. ^ W, P. Colic - Minutes of 4? Process0 Meeting - August 10 19^9 e ij) s, 0. Horning - Minutes of 84? Process0 Meeting - August 1,.. 1949, Fahrenwald & Lee - Ball Mill Studies, A.X.M.E,, February 1931 CS) J. 51. Ballavall - Mioromaritiee - P. 328 H.B. Weiser ~ Colloid Chemistry - January 1948 p. 171 *7) 0. B, Rio&abaugh - A study of cracking characteristics of 233-35097 Primer Surface?* Berlin Laboratory Memorandum Report Bo. 50, May 1948* ^8) John H. Perry - Ghem. Engrs. Handbook (1934) ppe. 1493 1499, 8 DUP030001179 DISTRIBUTION Dr* G. B. Graves Room D~701&~ Wilmington Mr. A K Burke - Wilmington Mr. L. H. Friday - Wilmington Mr. J..W, 111ft - Philadelphia Lab. Dr. R. B. Davis Flint Laboratory Mr. H, P Bodla * Fort Madison Mr, 0. W. Clark - Chicago Mr. E. E. Furat - Toledo Mr. P. J. Griffin ~ Everett Mr. D, G. Kennedy ~ Philadelphia Mr. J. S. Allen - Wilmington Mr. G. E, Conde - Parlin Mr. R. T. Huoks - Parlin Dr* 0. E. Bartsoh ~ Parlin Mr. H, L. Priddy - Parlin Mr. Xi, S, Sake**- Parlin DUP030001180