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ItmttUlHmIl art thr* aljr4 caplet af tka flail rapert.
; Aaacriblaf Hi tittlti tf tk# ivmjr mlwtid at tka
aaatlUtlt pleaat aamt October 212 ial4l 22, IS9M, Itat Sfteat)k
^ ftliaTa, tefttacfcp. fa aeeortfeata alt* laatractleaa
received kf ftp* Cckafer, i cap/ kii keea farvarded
.--(l*.:, , ta Hr, Hall la Seatk Akere, Kentucky, aid a copy
*ii>fervardeA t lip* lltaaaae la Levitvllie, Keataekjr,
We eajefed doing till tttvty, aid trait tkat tka 4ata aellaeta4 till carve pour a4,
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A atataaaat ceverlas tka aaat af ceadactiat tka purvey, aalptlag tka leaplas, a4 writ lag tka repeat la alaa tailored.
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i. Ckelak director, Bivliin af ladvatrlal Kjrgieae Teehaolagr
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eel Mr, C. Hall Mr. , Ncaaamm r. ftakart A, fahaa Nr, 1, J Sakafar
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Contacts:
Charles Taylor Company, cut;: rentuc
he''tamper 29, 19(k}, for initial inspection c-i` plant, bv hr. J. Che led: ana . r. L. J. hchaf cr.
October 21 and 22, 19fc4, tv Posers, u. j . icne.fer and D. Hearer, to collect nannies from the stack in order to deter mine the amount of particulate matter beinr. emitted to the atmosphere.
mr. Andre A. hicile, General Hnrineerinr Department, national Lead Company, Lev; York, Mev; York; mr. C. Hall, Plant Superintendent, Charles Taylor Company, South Shore, Kentucky
-'he Plant and Process The olant produces r.ullite (3AloO-j> 25iQn) , a
refractory material, from Alabama bauxite. bauxite, after treatment in "rollers" to produce
^lakep, nasses, on a movinr r:rate, throur.h three preheatin'; sections ano. then, throurh a lame kiln, maintained at
( temperatures betvreen 2800F and 3000F, in which the r.ullite is produced. The finished product drops upon a conveyor, .hereby it is moved t'o a storage shed. Dust, rases and steam are produced in the kiln and are discharged to the outsicie throurh a stack 55 feet in heir'nt. The effluent from the preheater section nasses throurh a tubular dust collector oexore beinr; discharged to the outside throurh the same :j5-fect hirh stack. The production, rated at c'o to 75 tons of r.ullite per day, is affected in a new installation, vrhich has been in continuous operation since Aurust 10, 19 6*1.
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' - f dust :;crc collected from the s taci: at
" te av two feet oe low its top . The crocedures
'allowed the reconme n dations of the A.L.L.L. , as
f- Transactions of the A.S.H.ii., ea~e 327, October,
'.stored nuantity of the effluent mixture was drav;n
" scries of Greenburn-Smith inpinmers, using water as
collect inn medium, and then through a paper thimble. The
samnles v.-ere returned to the Kettering Laboratory, where the
so sal suantitv of particulate matter emitted to the atmosphere
as ceterminod by calculation from the amounts of particulate
natter retained in the inpinners and the paper thimble.
Aarmies of particulate matter were also removed from the
effluent in the short duct between the third "preheat" section
ana the "dust collector." These samples vrere collected in an
atterxt to determine the efficiency of the collector.
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J.c suits Tables 1 and 2 five the total quantities of particu
late natter and of water emitted to the atmosphere during the period in which the plant was operating "normally," and when it was operating under "unbalanced" conditions. Table 3 gives the concentrations of particulate matter and water in the gas at the inlet to the dust collector. In all of the tables, the quantities of articulate matter emitted are expressed as tons per 2l\ hours, pounds per hour, pounds per 1000 pounds of ~as, and grains per standard cubic foot of flue gas.
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~hc quantitative data obtained during this survey arc difficult to relate to existing codec, which have been :rcr:.ul"ateci mainly for the control of fly-ash or smoke from combustion processes, maximum permissible levels of the concentration of particulate matter in these codes are gen erally corrected to a standard concentration of carbon dioxide, usually 12 per cent, when the volume of the incom ing air is considered increased 50 per cent above that reouired for connlete combustion. Permissible levels of concentration of dust in stack effluents, established in relation to combustion or for other purposes, have been expressed in various ways. The most widely used limits and expressions are: 1. 0.4 grain per cubic foot of fas under standard conditions; 2. O.b-j pound of particulate matter per 1000 rounds of mas; or 3. in pounds per hour. in Los Angeles the permissible c.uan-
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titles follov; a sliding scale related to oroduction, the maximum permissible rate being 40 pounds per hour for each operation in which 60,000 pounds or more of material are processed per hour.
The rates of emission described in this report relate only to the conditions of production which existed during this survey, ana do not portray the effects of other condi tions or different rates of production. The averare quantity of water exhausted through the stack during normal, cr "balanced," operating conditions, assuming that the relative
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humidity of the inlot air v;as SO per cent, v;as four.a to em.cunt to 7 2 tons nor any. The average decreased to 21.8 tens nor day, v.-hen the plant was be inn operated under "unoalanccd" conditions, i.e., ;/hen the doors of the "preheat" section vrere left open.
An avcrare quantity of O.96 ton of "articulate rr.attcr per day v.-as found to be flovjinm from the stack v:hsn the plant mas oneratinn under "balanced" conditions. Under "unbalanced" conditions, 0.63 ton of dust v:as Peine emitted oer day into the atmosphere. The total amount of particulate matter, as calculated from the quantities in the samples collected at the inlet of the collector, appeared to be less than the amount emitted from the stack. This is probably due to turbulence in the very short inlet duct to the collector, v;hich ;faue it sractically impossible to obtain the larme number of samples reauired to portray the averare rate of flcv; 'of the mixture of mas and particulate natter across the
( area of the 32-inch by 72-inch inlet duct. The velocities of the air in the stack, at the level of 2 feet from the top, mere uniform over the entire cross section of the stack, samples collected isokinetically from the stack, at this point, v;hen averarea, yielded a total quantity of particulate matter v;hich can be considered to be representative 01' the amounts emitted to the atmosphere t;hen the plant mas operates, cither in "balance" or "unbalance."
The quantities of particulate matter emitted on the aays of this survey exceeded those remitted In most
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4- c c c..on, r: 'T. re less of the runner of their exoroGoicn. .'iron rcsscd r:,3 rounds ner 1000 rounds cf rases, the cr.ission It oer cent '-.renter than the remissible value, end when
'"N r- ressea as trains ner standard cubic foot, the emission '. c. o 38 oer cent in excess of the summested lir.it. The amount Of dust emitted ner hour v;as twice the amount permitted in Lo g Anrcles in dealinr: with ten times the production involved m this instance.
Apparently, the dust collector is inefficient, since our data show only slirht differences between the quantity of dust which enters the collector and that -which sasscs through the stack.
From the Lettering Laboratory in the Department of Preventive hedicine and Industrial Health, Colie me of hcdicine. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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'..'or:: ana heoort by:
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o Choiah , Cn Lj* L. J. Schafer, B.S*E.(Ch*E.) D. meaner,
Approved: A'1* ' i _ Robert A. Hchoe, L.D.,
Director
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