Document mBQaj5rrvyw8KwrNzwwQbaB94

s t r ic t l y comimmuAL STHH# CORPORATIOH r e s ea r c h Aim b s v e l o b w j bj ^j bt &e h t PROCESS CSSIGIT SECTION Baton Rouge, Louisiana Problems Associated vith Production of Volatile Load Ailyls Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: Bate Issued: l . a, Briggs M. B. Hoof P. V. Canfield H. H. Wall October 5# 1953 TABLE Of COMMITS Page S8SASr . . *....................... iasRotocfnoa............................ ft ft JL O roapass ........ 5 Basic RSACTIOIIo....................... j iIiD-w' *** c # ft * ft ft ft ft ft * ft ft ft ft General....................... ..... rL.*'_ C^lL-ii. r- r v< 1. u'J t * 6 ft * ft ft ft ft ft ft # * ft ft ft ft ft Allr/1 toiler Idea . . * ft * ft ft ft * 9 ft ft ft ft * ft Ally! Alxasinyaa ililor:4.(iA. .) % ft * ft * ft ft ft * * * 9 PROBLEMS BY HAST ABBA . 9 ft * ft # ft * ft * ft ft * ft ft * ft ft i^j-Xoy **## * -v ft ft ft c ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft % ft Reaction ...... Lead Alhyl Recovery ft ft V ft ft * ft . ft * ft ft ft lllcyl Lead Cleanup ft ft ft ft a a ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft Blending ...... Alkyl Glilorlde Recovery ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft Lead Recovery , . . 9 ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft , ft ft Effluent Greeting , * ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft # ft ft # # ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft X ft ft -C"j - CV~J.t/ -t f ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft # ft * * ft ft ft ft ft ft miw mmtLxm................. * * ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft Tank Car Loading and Druasoiug ft ft 0 ft ft ft ft ft t ft ft Shipping . . . . . ft ft ft ft 9 ft ft Customer Etorege and Handling ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft c * j :r ;.r / c 6 6 6 11 12 1? 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 He 0020535 masm a s s o c ia t e d w it h h io k j c t io h or VOLATILE LEAD AL2QTLS suBjMftgir Customer interest has given impetus to consideration of manu facture of mixed lead alkyls (mixtures of methylated and ethylated lead coagwunds) and tetrazaethyl lead. All of these ccsapoun&s are more volatile than TEL and ray be referred to aa volatile lead alkyls. Manufacture of volatile lead alkyls is more hazardous than manu facture of TEL because of thair toxicity and explo^ivity. The volatile lead alkyls are as toxic ao TEL or maybe more toxic. The higher volatility of these compound; increase the probability of contamination. The temperature required to initiate spontaneous thermal decom position of the pure volatile lead alkyls varies from slightly leas than for TEL to somewhat more than for TEL. However, once initiated, decomposi tion of the volatile lead alkyls proceeds with much more violence than does decomposition of TEL. Existing facilities can be converted to manufacture of come of the volatile lead alkyls. However, since both contamination and decomposi tion violence increase as the percentage of methylated compounds produced increases, a point would be reached where it would not be attractive to convert existing facilities. Thus development work and new facilities would be needed for production of TML and probably needed for production of mixtures containing a high percentage of methylated compounds. Studies will be. required to determine whether or not gasoline containing the volatile lead alkyls can be handled safely by refiners and the public. KE 0020536 IHSR03XJCTIOII The possible ccsaaercial manufacture of volatile lead alkyla has become important to the Corporation because of increased customer interest. California He search recently requested timing and pricing for test and commercial Quantities of tetramethyl lead (TML). Foreign refiners have been interested in mixed lead alkyla for some time. Tests have indicated that production of these volatile lead alkyls is more hazardous than, production of TEL, "with TML being an extreme case. There are many problems involved in coping vith the hazards. However, it osy be attractive to solve these problems if customer interest is sufficient. v-)hen oodiua-lead alloy is reacted vith ethyl chloride and methyl chloride, a mixture of lead alkyls results rather than one compound. These lead alkyls form a series from TEL to TML. The following five compounds form the series and each would be present in varing fractions in rosy mixed lead alkyl manufactured: 1. Tetranetbyl lead ;2. Triethyimsthyl lead p. Methyldimsthyl lead 4. Lthyltrimathyl lead 5. Totramethyl lead. The fraction of each compound present in a mixed load alkyl is determined by the ratio of ethyl chloride to methyl chloride used in the reaction and can be found from the following equation: where x the ole fraction of ethyl groups in the alkyl groups present y = the mole fraction methyl `groups in the alkyl groups present a =* the number of compounds in the series (5). Distributions calculated from this equation are in agreement vith experimental results. Classification of the mixed lead alkyls can be mode on the basis of percent of methyl groups present, since a certain percentage always gives the same distribution. An example of the method used to designate various mixtures is as follows: MA-250 Mixed lead alkyl in which 25 mole percent of the alkyl groups are methyl and 75 mole percent of the alkyl groups ere ethyl. Tails TEL would be MA-000 and TML would be MA.-1Q00. Two types of facilities could be provided for manufacture of volatile load alkyls: XE 0020537 1. Converted existing plant 2* lies? plant* It appears probable that conversion of existing facilities provide an economically attractive route to manufacture of mixed load alkyls containing a assail percentage of methyl groups* Missed alkyls up to M-500 have been msunifoctured in conventional THL-type facilities* Ebaever, since the production problems increase as the percentage of mstljyl'groups increases new facilities would probably be more attractive for manufacture of lead alkylc containing percentages of methyl groups* Ilia production rat range of interest appears to be 15-25 1M pounds of lead alkyl per year* This amount could be produced in a converted Baton louge building. The Pittsburg plant, for example, could also be converted to nixed lead alkyl production* PUBPOSS The purpose of this aeirersndusi is 1. To describe the general haserdo associated with cossaerciel production of mimed lead alkyls, and ia particular 5S4L* 2. To point out anticipated plant design problems ia the various plant areas. 5* To suggest possible solutions to the problems and to suggest needed development work. 4. To discuss associated fluid handling problems. K? 0020538 4. BASIC HE.ACTIOBS 2ML end the nixed lead alkyls can be formed by reaction of alkyl chlorides with sodium-lead alloy. It is necessary to use a catalyst for the methylatioa reaction. Alkyl aluminum chlorides are tie best catalysts now known. he reaction to fora 3SH. is as follows: 4 ifeCl + 4 SeB> Pblfe* + 3 Pb * 4 NaCl 170 F, 300 psi To fora the various mixed lead alkyls, methyl chloride and ethyl chloride fire fed in about the some ratio as the desired ratio of alkyl groups in. the product. Thao: :-SeCl 4 IfeFb iie^AIgjCl^ 111-250 + o ?b + 4 Ifefil 07, 200 psi I'leCl + StCl Uzrh 160"F, 2p0 MA-750 + 5 Pb + 4 U-iCl These reactions while quite similar to the present TEL reaction, ore more haaardous to carry out due to the properties of the reactants and the lead alkyl preduet. Another method of obtaining the volatility desired would be to combine enough 232L with an MA mixture having a higher volatility than that desired to give the fluid having the proper volatility. In such a case proportionately less of the initial HA. mixture would be required. Other methods of manufacturing lead alkyls are: 1. Mixed lead alkyls by redistribution of TEL and TML with suitable catalyst. 2, Pure trimethylethyl lead, etc., by fractionation. These routes may be more attractive than alkylation alone in come cases. However, the special problems associated with redistribution, fractionation, etc., are not considered in this report* Thus it is pointed toward the manufacture of more volatile lead alhyla by alkylation clone. \ HAZARDS General The coEE?oun&3 to be worked with in a plant producing the mere volatile lead alkyls would present increased hazards over those now experienced 0020539 in TEL facilities. There would be an increased hygenic problem because of tbs relatively high volatility of tbs materials handled (Gee Figure l) and because of their Increased toxicity. There would also be aa increase in the explosion hazard. This can be seen in Table I where a comparison of the decomposition rates is made. It should be noted that as the per centage of methyl groups increases, the rate of decomposition also in creases* These general hazards would be aggravated by the pyrophoric nature of an alhyl aluminum chloride catalyst. Lead Alkyls The hazards involved in manufacturing and handling lead alkyls are two fold. These materials are both toxic and explosive to varying degrees. In mixed load alkyls the relative hazard increases as the per centage of methyl groups increases. The toxicity of TEL is veil established. It is safe to assume that the toxicity of mixed alkyls End TML is at least as great as that of TEL and probably greater. Thus the danger of exposure to the vapors in creases as the relative volatility of these compounds compared to" TEL increases. The relative volatility of these compounds shows a narked in crease as the percentage of methyl groups gets high. This can be ceen in Figure 1. dpoatsneous thejsasl. decomposition of TML occurs at a such higher tcEraerature than that' required for TEL while some nixed lend alkyl3 require a slightly lower temperature (Cee Item To, Table I). The temperature re quired to ignite mixed lead alkyls and TML is higher in all cases than that for TEL (See Item 9, Table I). Under unusual conditions such as sparks in the vapor phase and hot spots greater than 300C (Gee Items 7b, 7c and <3, Table I), the minimum temperature of the bulk liquid required to initiate decomposition is less for mixed alkyl leads and TML then for TEL. Thus under normal conditions TML and mixed lead alkyls are probably not as prone to decomposition, as TEL. However, as indicated by Item 10, Table I, the rate of decomposi tion of mixed lend alkyls and TML, once initiated, proceeds at a rate which is much greater than that of TEL. The decomposition rate and thus the destructive power increases as the percentage of methyl groups increases. Solution of any lead alkyl compound has been qualitatively shown to decrease decomposition rate. Further experimental work would be re quired to establish more quantitatively the effect of dilution on decomposition rate. Alkyl Chlorides In the forming of mixed alkyl lead compounds, both methyl chloride and ethyl chloride are used. The toxic effect associated with the breathing K 0020540 f 6 of ethyl chloride vapors is veil known. It has a narcotic effect on. the body which is usually transient. It will give some warning of "ita presence because it Is irritating hut exposure can be tolerated to the point of unconsciousness. Methyl chloride has a oinilar narcotic effect on the body which is core pronounced and my result in croaic aftereffects. In concertfcratlpns which are harmful it la almost odorless and thus dangerous exposure nay go unnoticed. Even revested exposure to low concentrations my cause damage to certain parts of the body* Both methyl and ethyl chloride are exploslvevhen mixed in the proper proportions with sir. However, ethyl chloride is considered greater fire and explosion heard than is methyl chloride. Since both methyl and ethyl chloride have been safely handled in numerous plants throtghmh the country, it is reasonable to assure that any new plant could do the sane. Alley! Mualman Chlorides then a raised alkyl or tefcramethyl lead is formed, a catalyst is required to speed the reaction and also to tsrove the yield. The met satisfactory compounds found for use as catalysts are methyl and ethyl aluminum sestroichloride (ifesAlgCls and EtsAl^Cls), These compounds exhibit oinilar properties. They flsae instantly 'when exposed to air. They react violently with water and other liquids. She combusion of these materials is difficult to extinguish. To date no satisfactory method has been found. mornmn m h a h t />3E& .Hoy As now eavlslaned, the manufacturing of sodium-lead alloy will be the sane for plants producing SSL, mixed aUsyle or TML. Reaction OSie problems that would be encountered in operating a reactor for production of volatile lead alkyls are as follows: 1. The reactor would have to be free of vapor leaks and ventilation air flew would have to be high to avoid contamination. . 2. The operating pressures would peak at 200-500 psig (com pared to a peak of 9 psig in the TEL reaction) in making lend alkyls ranging from Ml-250 to THL. 5. The higher operating pressure plus the higher explcsivity of methylated leads would result in higher peak pressures if the reaction gets out of control. Kr 0020541 ipor space above th e liq u id ?|?g-4 c\ vi P*V4 Pi H H* ft H & l0 f-4 f-4 oCO 'O VI \fl 4 VCAi H VCAi 1I H (-J U P 'iS ^ i!I gg *ro ~4 -4 O VI o HH * oo Pi *-* VIVO Pi CXiO ca VI H wo V*S-i* H CO G\ VI & vv rj ~i 'HJ aI vli Co H Vi VvAi VV* I I t Vvoo* S I* H V_s coo VI VI O CA V#HI H ro hCA iH'fO-*** CA O VI V! -4 VOl .Jr l-i * \0 ~ 4 r-* VCOO -r4-1 VOS VO I vo .rV,> ts v i VI V I C O CO 4=- H0 covi &\ <;-r I-* VO --4 VI'O Hg\ vP3i O II V I VI I . ti O* * * t*oV ' --4 h ro o n i ,i ; Qo| cvv$ -^vn CA ks>BSh s * { i f VO va 03VI CO VI VI VI H vCnA-~CJP \*r Vs Vi Pro Pi H *rO CVf*O H*>-4*4P a -JV COVI I vo VIVO H VI H V-H4i I HPOi I Vt Vs -H4 C?O? core Kf '$ VI VI to C\ h-1 CA H * WOVO-Q VroI B O tI O f 0020542 II oO IIII I| H VO> I5 II a $ 3 J? ig 0Pf 1 r+ oII o 0 <4 111 Ig oDpi a ?aag , c? o s 1,000 100 0 V o la tility Relative to bo 60 Temperature C KE 0020543 100 120 00" \ !H oq.'attprc.Ti.Tc7^ iCix?c no~jfSnTv?s osaqfl. ao et&Yyrsot3faP0 SB ,H* H* Ev j ^Be &h * . r oopW g, H OH (R w> <r+ p &y | g g"aBao?i~i VO CO 2 & o V'! O VM ~3 s. ej ~i 0* ;t ti 1 HOr' & VJ1 -T-' p iI ss X 8 3t S5 HOH'i II Ii \OfJO1o yi vfO; O O' KJF 0020544 jb H oCO b VKJj HC* p- HCo V: a? roo P ot~* M c- IK P o J & vn eM* o ao W cr t-1' J5* noi-? 6 to 'S \tco, VTS vn pi 10. Tva-5 general types of reactors have "been -ioed corsnsrcially or G2^erirttfeaLly for the production of lead alkyls. They are: 1. The conventional autoclave where alkyl chloride is fed to sodium-lead alloy T. slurry-type reactor where alloy is fed into a large excess of alkyl elloride. ' la the 1938-II&9 period, volatile lead alkyls. were successfully pxtoduced in coayeatioaal autoclaves at. the Jackson Laboratories. In these runs, it vas found that reaction mas* in .acre stable than the pure lead alkyls. Ifawevef, the met volatile lead alkyl mde was the 114-500 mixture. TML has been Bade in the 5-galloa autoclave at Baton Rouge. This is a conventional-type autoclave. As pointed out in the* Introduction, it may prove economically attractive to use existing cpvdpoent far production of volatile lend alkyls, `'S'* Building at Baton Houcse was designed with 12 in. dice lines In anticipation of future production of sdaed lend alkyls. It la recog nised that contxaalnatioa and overpressure problens my limit use of cueist lag equipment to a lend alkyl coagidertbiy"le3lr` Wan 'ItSC. Befereoce to Table I and Figure 1 choirs that methylated lead cc-smundn are considerably more volatile than TSL. This , of course, means that the probability of Kontminatlon of air around the autoclaves would be increased. Careful operation would be. required to detect and stop any leaks that occurred. If it were necessary to increase building' vGutilatioa air flew in direct proportion to the relative volatility of the confound being mde, it would seen that existing equipsaeat would be limited to pro duction of a coi^ound with lew 141L nxafcer. Defining the required -entiiatloa air flew rate find flew pattern in agereasaaVl>gfo'reexisting' ec:.iipaaea& could' be need for production of volatile lead - alkyls. " The existing autoclaves are designed for 300 pel. Volatile lead alkyla up to 1M. could bo mode in present autoclaves fresa operating pressure coariderssfclotto alone. However, the aaaftssaa pressure that would be obtained la the reactor during imcoatrollcble reaction or deeoaspoeltioa nan not been completely explored for volatile lead alkyls and especially with respect to TML. Reactors for making lead alkyls ere protected from orarprc'j'snr by use of safety discs. If a reaction gets out of control or dcccm^csitioa occurs from a hot spot, the pressure in the reactor will rice rapidly. The disc will blow. The contents of the reactor will vent through a line to the atmosphere. It is likely that the pressure in1 the reactor will continue to rice after the disc has blown. It is this aaxjiftaa pressure that must be used for safe reactor selection. HE 0020545 11 la general, the mxisua pressure that trill occur after disc rapture is a function of four veric&lee: 1. The pressure at which the disc blows s, 2bs else and shape of the vent line 'Zvs. reactor free voluao k. fhe eaouat of load alkyl forming or dseocBoalng (this in turn is a function of the osmat of o?loy fed to the reactor)* Any or all of these variables my be changed to allow maoufacture of volatile lead alkyls la existing equipaeoat.' One would certainly aspect the optima case to bo for production of lead alkyls with saich lower explosivity than SE4E**. Shun, if it appears economically attractive to nanufeature lead eliyls containing a high percentage of SSIL, mdification of the present autoclave design or developsmt of a"new reactor would be...... indicated. In regard to the overpreouure problem, it should be noted that pressure rise from decomposition of lead alkyls ia reaction saass is not nearly as rapid as pressure rise fresa decomposition of pure lead alkyls. Data raa Jackson Laboratories indicate that decomposition of MAJtOO in reaction ease proceeds only fbur tines as fast as <toccaapositiaa 'ofJEEL_.ia -reaction mass. Ehereas Table I' chows tfi&fcT pure' l^*5d0 deed^poSes'" about' SO biases as fast as pure SSL. A development program would be necessary to define a new reactor design* Perhaps a diluted system would be the answer to the explosivity problem. A feu Inboratcsry tests have indicated that Ssyorocarbcao night be ur:cd as diluents. Ethyl has developmental es^rieace with slurry reactors that could be brought to bear here* Lead Alkyl' Slavery The problems associated with alkyl lead recovery are: l. Coatasinotioa of air in the area 2. Possible overpressure from decceositloa of lead alkyl. Commercial and experimental units of the following types have been operated for lead alkyl recovery: 1* Bteaa distillation 2. Eater displacement of lead alkyl in extract phase which ia lose dense than water 3 Reaction mss slurrying and lead extrusion* KE 0020546 She cosraeata made In ike Reactor section on area contamination ana. ventilation air flow are generally applicable to the lead alkyl recovery section. If & hydrocarbon diluent or a stabiliser such as naphthalene vere used, pest experience indicates that lead alkyl recovery by steaa distillation vould he safe for cce&ounds up to ISU500* 2bis should also he true for coopounds containing sore jaetfcyl groups than Mil-pOO. BHuents present at the lead alkyl recovery =~tep vould go through the rea&indsr of the process cad appear la the product. Becovery of Iced alkyl by the reaction mass slurrying technique sow being developed sight find good application in a process to produce the volatile lead alkyls. One big advantage is that this vould bo a lew tem perature operation. In the process as now designed, the lead alkyl vould fora a separate phase under a layer of vater. ntsbilizers could be added if necessary. Alkyl Load Cleanup She major problems in clhyl lead cleanup ere: 1. Coatajd.aa.tian of air la the urea frost vessels containing load alkyls and from aeration 2. Danger of ovorpresaure it pure lend alkyls are handled by present procedures. * baching and aeration of SSL has been accomplished batctarice and continuously (at Houston) froperly* designed oentimuyna aeration could reduce the lead alkyl hold-up and thus reduce tls easiasioa haiaxrd saaewhat. Aeration of a volatile lead alkyl, EIL far eissmple, by present practice vould involve exhausting the air used for ceratiod' to the atmos phere. .This might result in dangerous area contamination. It vould be more desirable to operate in a closed syates. la ouch a case the air vould be ccntiaaounly recycled vith sosae oxygen sake-up. f 150* is acre stable toward oxidation than SSL oo there is no problem of product loss during aeration. lead, One vay around the aeration problem might bo to use dcbismnthized. She problems associated with aeration vould have to be solved before cosnaereisl nagufaffii^ uSaSartSBcenV1" `....... In the SSL process, several tanks containing SSL are earaloyed in clean-up. She explosivity of methylated lead ccaspounda rosy Yxreclv.ae this practice. Again a diluent may be the answer. KE 0020547 Vr-T-i*' Blending The problems encountered in blending volatile lead alkyls would be similar to those encountered in the cleanup area. The particular problem which stands out is area contamination from the dye chute. This could be prevented by pumping in the dye in solution. Of course, the composition of the volatile lead alkyl blends would have to be established. Alkyl Chloride Becovery The principal problem encountered in alkyl chloride recovery in a plant making volatile lead alkyls would be condensation of methyl chloride . vented to the recovery system. In all prior experience, excess alkyl chlorides are recovered by vaporisation and sob sequent low temperature condensation. Three vents are now employed: L 1. A sniff vent which removes products of side reactions and some ethyl chloride from the autoclave 2. A primary vent in which unreacted ethyl chloride is vaporised by hot water in. the autoclave jacket j>, A secondary vent in which ethyl chloride retained in the reaction mass ic vented from the steam still. Methyl chloride boils at -101?. idien mixed with light hydrocarbons this presents a difficult condensation problem. Methyl chloride vented to the atmosphere would create an area contamination problem. Adequate refrigeration and condensers would have to be supplied. Lead Becovery The following problems would be associated with lead recovery: 1. If volatile lead alkyls were manufactured at the Baton Rouge plant, the necessity of occasionally breaking the long sludge lines would create a contamination problem. 2. Ventilation of the sludge pit. HE 0020548 Sie long -sludge lines in use at the Baton Rouge plant require breaking and cleaning occasionally* This could create an'area contamination problem* An isqjroved sluicing aethod for moving the sludge from the stillo to the sludge pit would he in order. Use of a hydrocarbon diluent In the stills may help reduce the load clkyl in the sludge. Also raore of the volatile lead aLkyi would he removed in the sludge dryer, Thus less lead alkyl would he present in the -dry sludge to cruse contamination or overpressure in .the furnaces. It is likely that the lead extruder now being developed would prove attractive for lead recovery in a volatile lead alkyls plant. Shis* of course, would he the best method of lead separation if react ion'moss' slurry!ng were used for lead alkyl recovery. Affluent greeting lib unus'oal problem are foreseen in treating effluent water iron u volatile load alkyls plant. Safe procedures would have to he worked out for handling blender srnples and recovered alkyl chloride cackles for a sore volatile load alkyl slant. Plant Layout 1ho major hazards would guide the layout of a new plant to produce the more volatile lead alkyls. Those hazards are: 1, Contasainstioa of working ureas with orgeao load compounds 2. Sanger of equipment rupture due to overpressure* Perhaps experience with plants mking highly toxic mteridLs ouch as nerve gas could he used as s' guide to `the pleat layout and ventilation requirements. The nerve gas plant at Rocky Ifcuntain Arsenal employed the following: 1. Three continuous processing trains each in separate concrete beys that are six stories high 2. Bays separated by hails where personnel traveled 3* All operations conducted by remote control from, a control ' room on the first floor h. Ventnation air entered halls, flawed to bays and was eodia&sted through scrubbers voiderground 5* Air fern-over every minute* 0020549 Sis danger of equipmnt rupture could be greatly alaisdaed. by careful vent line sluing* In the esse of THL, however, it night "be practi cally impossible to else vents due to the high rate of decasgjositioa. If this proves to be the ease, blow-out vails valid have to he provided. mnp wmixm 2ie handling of aimed alkyl lead fluids viH present problem those encountered with SSL but greatly aagaifled by their in creased volatility sad exploslbiiity. Major considerations in fluid handling rre tank ear loading sad dremiag, chipping, and customer storage end handling. T:vnk Car Loading and Srtsapting bhila methods of loading tank ears or druming nixed alkyl fluids will be similar to those used vlth TEL, extreme care vill be required to prevent ovea the mot ainor leaks ad spills. She hygeaic danger increases at least as fast as the relative volatility of the compound being loaded. Cere irill also be reiroired. to prevent ignition of the mterisl fresa sparks end other sources* Si-otr-ibutioa problems on fluid containing diluent would have to be reconciled before process design bases could be fItaly set. 5Sk * shipping of sdss&i elkyl lead, fluids will fall under the jurisdiction of the lafcerstato Cksaraaree' Ccssraicsiou. A thorough investigation will have to bo made to determine the regulations which vill affect the shipping Inasmuch as the fluid vill probably be diluted to the point where it is no core dangerous than SSL, no changes in tank car design should bo required. Castoncr Storage end Handling Customers purchasing these high volatility sired alkyl lead fluids vill be required to use considerably nor caution in storing card handling then* It is probable that special storage facilities and transferring methods beyond those already supplied vill sot be required. Continued emphasis on the customer's; miataiixiag safe handling pro cedures vill bo required. lie should fully understand end appreciate the dangers involved in the use of these eccspouada and to tail necessary procautioas to protect his personnel against possible exposure. The use of gasoline containing mixed lead alkyls or St. by the public must be considered. As la the case of TEL the obsorption of the sre volatile lead alkyls through the skin froa handling leaded gasoline vill be of no practical consequence. However, the increased volatility of these mixed load alkyls and T!4L increase the danger of exposure froa vaporised material. 0020550 isrj shown ia Table I, Itea 11* TKL is TO tliaas as volatile asSSL* Thus groator dilution of gssollae vapc$g containing the T!E is required. "orviee crfcoticsa pei'soanel wuld probably experience the greatest exposure, Gasoline leaks vMclz totally evaporate over short periods of tiaa present a slating coatssaination prbblea for oil aUsyl lead coo^ounds inclining TEL* A study would be required to determine tie. oericroonees of the problem relative to the Gciistlng exposure to TEL. KF 0020551 Distribution; !? A. Dr, P. A. SfcKia Mr. H, K. Scales - Mr. v. G. Lovell Mr. H. E. Vail Mr. P. S. Keiaer' KE 0020552