Document mBM9jg6wmwZEkXRzYQqypq3w0

TOXIC SUBSTANCES i S-131 31:8335 slstant Secretary or the Director, and, 18H"OSHA Area Director" means the (1) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloriae upon request of an employee or former Director for the Occupational Safety is manufactured, reacted, repackaged, employee, to a physician designated by and Health Administration Area Office stored, handled or used: and the employee or to a new employer. having jurisdiction over the geographic (ii) Vinyl chloride concentrations are (iii) Any physician who conducts a area in which the employer's establish in excess of the permissible exposure medical examination required by this ment is located. limit. paragraph shall furnish to the employer (9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly (2) Access to regulated areas shall be a statement of the employee's suitability vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly limited to authorized persons. for employment in the specific exposure. [Sections 1910.1003-1910.1016 added at 39 FR 3755. January 29, 1974, effective February 11, 1974] 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. Ca) Scope and application, (1) This section includes requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl chloride (chloroethene), Chemical Ab stracts Service Registry No, 75014. [Section 1910.93q(a)(l) amended at 39 FR 41848. December 3, 1974; 1910.93q was redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (2) This section applies to the manu facture, reaction, packaging, repackag ing, storage, handling or use. of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does not apply to the handling or use of fabri cated products made of polyvinyl chlo ride. (3) This section applies to the trans portation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this sec tion. (b) Definitions. (1) "Action level" means a concentration of vinyl chloride mer before such is converted to a fabri cated product. (10) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl chloride monomer. (c) Permissible exposure limit. (1) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 1JS minutes. (3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (d) Monitoring. (1) A program of initial monitoring and measurement shall be undertaken in each establish ment to determine if there Is any em ployee exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. (2) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the action level, a program for de termining exposures for each such em ployee shall be established. Such a pro gram: [Section 1910.1917(e)(2) amended at 43 FR 49726, October 24, 1978, effective November 24, 1978] (f) Methods of compliance. Employee exposures to vinyl chloride shall be con trolled to at or below the permissible ex posure limit provided in paragraph (c) of this section by engineering, work prac tice, and personal protective controls as follows: (1) Feasible engineering and work practice controls shall immediately be used to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit. (2) Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls which can be in stituted immediately are not sufficient to reduce exposures to at or below the per missible exposure limit, they shall none theless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest practicable level, and shall be supplemented by respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. A program shall be established and implemented to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engineering and work practice controls, as soon as feasible. of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 8-hour work day. (2) "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, U.S. Depart ment of Labor, or his designee. (3) "Authorized person" means any person specifically authorized by the em (i) Shall be repeated at least monthly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the permissible exposure limit. (ii) Shall be repeated not less than quarterly where any employee is exposed,, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. (3) Written plans for such a program shall be developed end furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assis tant Secretary and the Director, Such plans shall be updated at least every six months. ployer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person- entering such an area as a designated representa tive of employees for the purpose of ex ercising an opportunity to observe moni toring and measuring procedures. (4) "Director" means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, or his designee. <5) "Emergency" means any occur rence such as, but not limited to, equip ment failure, or operation of a relief de vice which is likely to, or does, result in massive release of vinyl chloride. (6) "Fabricated product" means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and whicE does not require further processing at tempera tures, and for times, sufficient to cause mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride (iii) May be discontinued for any em ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not less than 5 working days apart, show ex posures for that employee at or below the action level. (3) Whenever there has been a pro duction, process or control change which may result in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that any em ployee may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall be performed. (4) The method of monitoring and measurement shall have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of not less than plus or minus 50 percent from 0.25 through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus 35 percent from over 0.5 ppm through <g> Respiratory protection. Where respiratory protection is required under this section: (1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until April 1, 1976, wearing of respirators shall be at the discretion of each employee for exposures not in excess of 25 ppm, measured over any 15-minute period. Until April 1,1976, each employee who chooses not to wear an ap propriate respirator shall be informed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory devices. [Section 1910.93q(g)(l) amended at 40 FR 13211, March 25, 1975; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (2) Respirators shall be selected from resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. 1.0 ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent among those jointly approved by the (7) "Hazardous operation" means any over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meeting these Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin operation, procedure* or activity where a release of either vinyl chloride liquid or gas might be expected as a consequence accuracy requirements are available in the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"). istration, Department of the Interior, and the National Institute for Occupa tional Safety and Health under the pro of the operation or because of an accident in the operation, which would result in an employee exposure in excess of the permissi ble exposure limit. [Section 1910.93q(b)(7) amended at 39 FR (5) Employees or their designated rep resentatives shall be afforded reasonable opportunity to observe the monitor ing and measuring required by this paragraph. visions Of 30 CFR Part 11. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of i 1910.134 shall be established and maintained. 41848, December 3, 1974; Section 1910.93q was redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (e> Regulated area, (l) a regulated (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl area shall be established where: chloride shall be as follows: [Sec. 1910.1017(9)14)] 11-16-78 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 219 SL 068707 31:8336 REFERENCE RLE Atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride (I) Unknown, or above 3,600 ppm_ (II) Not over 3,600 ppm (111) Not over 1,000 ppm. (iv) Not over 100 ppm. (v) Not over 25 ppm . (vi) Not over 10 ppm-- Required, apparatus Open-circuit, nil-contained breathing apparatus, pres sure demand type, with lull facepiece. (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator, pres sure demand type, with full or half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Combination Type C, supplied air respirator continuous flow type, full or half facepiece, and auxiliary selfcontained air supply. Type C, supplied air respirator, continuous flow type, with full or half facepiece, helmet or hood. (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator de mand type, with full facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air aupply; or (B) Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus with full fnceplecd, In demand mode; or (C) Type C supplied air respirator, demand type, with (A) Afuplol wfaecrceDdlecael.r-punfylng respirator with hood, helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concenratlons of vinyl chloride up to 26 ppm, or (B) Oss mask, front- or back-mounted canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 26 ppm. (A) Combination type C supplled-alr respirator, de mand type,, with half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Type C supplled-alr respirator, demand type, with half facepiece; or (C) Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic Vapor cartridge which provides a service life of at least 1 hour for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. [Section 1910 93q (g)(4j amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 (g)(4) at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (5) (i) Entry into unkown concentra tions or concentrations greater than 36,000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; and (ii) Entry Into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for purposes of life rescue, firefighting, or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. ($) Where air-purifying respirators are used: (1) Air-purifying cannlsters or car tridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shift in which they are first u&d, whichever occurs first, and (ii) A continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable concen trations for the devices in use. Such sys tem shall be used to alert employees when vinyl chloride concentrations exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices in use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for nigher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. <h> Hazardous operations. (1) Em ployees engaged in hazardous operations, including entry of vessels to clean poly vinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and required to wear and use; (1) Respiratory protection in accord ance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of this section; and (ii> Protective garments to prevent skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride or with polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls. The protective garments shall be selected for the operation and Its possible exposure conditions. (2; Protective garments shall be pro vided clean and dry for each use. (1) Emergency situations. A written operational plan for emergency situa tions shall be developed for each facility storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged in hazardous operations or correcting situations of ex isting hazardous releases shall be equipped as required in paragraph (h) of this section; (2) Other employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not return until conditions are controlled by the methods required in paragraph (f) of this section and the emergency is abated. (j) Training. Each employee engaged In vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use. (l) The program shall Include: (i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride including specifically the carcinogenic hazard; (ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps; (iii) The purpose for, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices; [Section 1910.93q(j)(l)(iii) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974, and rede signated as 1910,1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (iv) The fire hazard and acute toxic ity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary protective steos: (v) The purpose for and a description of the monitoring program; (vi) The purpose for, and a descrip tion of, the medical surveillance nrodram: (vii) Emergency procedures; (vlU) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions which may result in the release of vinyl chloride; and (ix) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and indoctrina tion program, and annually thereafter. (2) All materials relating to the pro gram shall be provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (k) Medical surveillance. A program of medical surveillance shall be insti tuted for each employee exposed, with out regard to the use of respirators, to vinyl chloride In excess of the action level. The program shall provide each such employee with an opportunity for examinations and tests in accordance with this paragraph. 'All medical ex aminations and procedures shall be per formed by or under the supervision of w licensed physician, and shall de provided without cost to the employee. (l) At the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveil lance: (1) A general physical examination shall be performed, with specific atten tion to detecting enlargement pf liver, spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these organs, and for abnormalties in skin, connective tissues and the pulmonary system (See Appendix A). (ii) A medical history shall be taken, including the following topics: (A) Alcohol intake; (B) Past history of hepatitis; (C) Work history and past exposure to potential hepatotoxic agents. Includ ing drugs and chemicals; (D) Past history of blood transfu sions; and (E) Past history of hospitalizations. (iii) A serum specimen shall be ob tained and determinations made of: (A) Total bilirubin; (3) Alkaline phosphatase; (C) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans aminase (SGOT): <D) Serum glutamic pyruvic transam inase (SGPT); and (E) Gamma glustamyl transpeptidase. (2) Examinations provided in accord ance with this paragraph shall be per formed at least: (i) Every 6 months for each employee who has been employed in vinyl chlo ride or polyvinyl chloride manufacturing for 10 years or longer: and (ii) Annually for all other employees. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropriate medical surveillance. Occupational Safety & Heolth Reporter [Sac. 1910.1017(k)(3>] 220 S *06 ?08- ---------------- TOXIC SUBSTANCES (4) A statement o each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including use of protec tive equipment and respirators, shall be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall be pro vided each employee. (S) If any employee's health would be materially impaired by continued ex posure, such employee shall be with drawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (61 Laboratory analyses for all bio logical specimens included in medical examinations shall be performed in labo ratories licensed under 42 CFR. Part 74. (7) If the examining physician deter mines that alternative medical examina tions to those required by paragraph (k)(l) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detecting med ical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the employer may ac cept such alternative examinations as meeting the requirements of paragraph (k)(l) of this section, if the employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale lor sub stitution. This statement shall be avail able upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (1) Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with leg ible signs bearing the legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent Area Authorized Personnel only (Section 1910.93q (1)(1) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (2) Areas containing hazardous oper ations or where an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent nr This Area Protective Equipment Required Authorized Personnel Onlt [Section 1910.93q (1)(2) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] . (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride Tesin waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyi chloride shall be legibly labeled: Contaminated with Vinyl Chloride Cancer-Suspect Agent [Section 1910.93q (1)(3) amenddlT at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] <4> Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled; PolyviNtl Chloride (or Trade Name) Contains Vinyl Chloride Vinyl Chloride is a Cancer-SdspEut Agent (5) Containers of vinyl chloride snail be legibly labeled eitlier: * ( ^ Vinyl Chloride Exiremely Flammable Gas Under Pressure Cancer-Suspect Agent or (ii) In accordance with 19 CFR Parts 170-189, with the additional legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent applied near the label or placard. [Section 1910.93q (l)(5Hii) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (6) No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or instruc tion which contradicts or detracts from the effect of, any required warning, information or instruction. (m> Records. (1) All records main tained in accordance with this section shall include the name and social secu rity number of each employee where relevant. , (2) Records of required monitoring and measuring, medical records, and au thorized personnel rosters, shall be made and shall be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secre tary and the Director. (i) Monitoring and measuring records shall: (A) State the date of such monitor ing and measuring and the concentra tions determined and identify the instru ments and methods used; (B) Include any additional informa tion necessary to determine individual employee exposures where such expo sures are determined by means other than individual monitoring of employees; and (C) Be maintained for not less than 30 years. (ii) [Revoked] (iii) Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employ ment of each employee plus 20 years, or 30 years, whichever is longer. (3) In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain his rec ords for the prescribed period, these rec ords shall be transmitted by registered mail to the Director, and each employee individually notified in writing of this transfer. (4) Employees or their designated representatives shall be provided access to examine and copy records of required monitoring and measuring. <50 Former employees shall be pro vided access to examine and copy re quired monitoring and measuring records reflecting their own exposures. (6) Upon written request of any em ployee, a copy of the medical record of that employee shall be furnished to any physician designated by the employee. [Section 1910.1017 (m)(2)(ii) revoked at 43 FR 49726, October 24, 1978, effective November 24, 1978] <n) Reports. (1) Not later than I month after the establishment of a reg ulated area, the following Information shall be reported to the OSHA' Area Di rector. Any changes to such information shall be reported within 15 days. S-131 31:8337 (1) The address and location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and <ii) The number of employees in each regulated area during normal operations. Including maintenance. (2) Emergencies, and the facts ob tainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Di rector. Upon request of the Area Direc tor, the employer shall submit additional information in writing relevant to the nature ana extent of employee exposures and measures taken to prevent future emergencies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following any monitoring and measuring which discloses that any employee has been exposed, without regard to the use of respirators In excess of the permissible exposure limit, each such employee shall be notified in writing of the results of the exposure measurement and the steps being taken to reduce the exposure to within the permissible exposure limit. [Section 1910.93q (n)(3) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (o) Effective dates. (1) Until April 1, 1975, the provisions currently set forth in Sec tion 1910.93q of this Part snail apply. [Editor's note: This paragraph refers to the emergency temporary standard published at 39 FR 12343] (2) Effective April 1, 1975, the provisions set forth in Section 1910.93q of this Part shall apply. [Section 1910.93q (o)(l) and (2) amended at 40 FR 13211, March 25, 1975; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40FR 23072, May 28, 1975] Appendix A--Supplementary Medical Information When required tests under paragraph |fc)(l) of this section show abnormalities, the tests should be repeated as soon as prac ticable, preferably within 3 to 4 weeks. If tests remain abnormal, consideration should be given to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive examination Is made. Additional tests which may be useful: A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examina tion for albumin, red blood cells, and exfollatlve abnormal cells. B. Pulmonary system: Forced vital cajuirity. Forced expiratory volume at 1 second, end chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior. 14 x 17 Inches). C. Additional serum tests: Lactic acid de hydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase Isoenzyme, protein determination, and orotelu electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum tests; Hepatitis B antigen, and liver scanning. (faces. 6 and 8. 84 Stat. 1596. 1599 (29 U.S.C. 655, 657); Secretary Of Labor's Order No. \2-71.38FR8754) [Section 1910.93q added at 39 FR 12343, April 5, 1974, as emergency temporary stand ard issued as permanent standard at 39 FR 35896, October 4, 1974; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] 11-16-78 [The next page is 31:8351] [Sec. 1910.1017 (Appendix A)J Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C, 20037 221 SL 068709