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SUMMARY.
I! 11
Je following tabular statement gives the general i
Sestic production and consumption, of refined lea
roiled by the United States Geological Survey:
O?..1 ' : '
! ' 1 1 i . i I:
tHi fi.n>S,JW?wiuiry of statistics.of,refined leqd,-1918-1$, in ih^rt
fU fill) ; 1 : ; . ----:---- ^--------------- --------------------- ------- n ,
If Mill : !i I- i ' i. 1 i!, ' ;| : ' . :
1
i ' III t
j*" PRODUCTION.
n daailverUed lead.............................. ............................................................
iciialload........................................................................................................
IL Lfaar-
C ONS.iUMPTION ,h
- .
;
.
>>*1
m---------------- '--!----------uaiery lead." which is produced dlrectly 'from ore, is here distinguished yObtalnOd d v refining sldmmiDgs, drosses, and-old metals. The'statistic
' '1[p.320.`; Wherever In this report the word"" l1e~ad*"" lJa---u-s--e'd '_w,`i1t`ho'uJ`t--qualific
laiethod of calculating consumption Bee p. 329.
output of refmedleqd in the United States |{n 1919was 424,433 short tons,' having a value glWthe total sales of pig lead in 1919, as comp
gjih'quantity of 21 per cpnt and a loss in value of 4
INTRODUCTION. ` ::
"
--1 1 ' ; : i ft.estimate of the production of refined lead1 m*,
pits received from.evei;y lead(8melt|er.|n operation
\e United StatesGeological Survey oh January
Sa|^(included .the; ?qtqal; production flor, the fhiirpst,t.1,
Irj-,aTprrd.-,e-rs,-,-t-i--m----a---t--e---s---i-f-o----r-1--,-t--h---q---r--e---m-----a---i--n- ,dr-eXr>, ?otf ,^6 JWv
,^of,; the production, and consumption, of refine
5.... 1 and export? of, lqad in ore anfi. fipln
... ...report, on the. mineral .repqprcq?
m 1019,, published. ^eptepiber, 8,. 1920.1, i ,Tbp,
jul in addition, to ,the statistics giyen m thq,prel
lapwing', production', consumption, irnport?,
iP9?W*-9^yW^ti. .!`ir.11 -<.ii;j -wlI l/tjfi -
h 'i i.11!ii-;-1 d i.i-,, ipl.Mt ii
ni Jr: I s t k ii i
814
MINERAL RESOURCES, 10X0----PART I.
The statistics of production of lead in this country in 1919 have
been compiled by the Geological Survey from confidential reports,
submitted b-y each lead-smelting,, com.pan.y in of>ppcera. tion during,, the year. The statistics of the recovery of secondary lead were also
collected by the Geological Survey. The statistics of domestic
consumption of refined lead are taken in ]
returns and in part from the records of the
___
Domestic Commerce, of the Department of Commerce, and the ;
statistics of foreign production are compiled from the sourcos indi
cated in connection with the tables here presented.
PRODUCTION.
QUANTITY AND VALUE.
The refined lead produced in the United States from 1720 to 1914 from domestic ores and from foreign ores and base bullion and its value at the average price in New York are shown in a table in the chapter on lead in Mineral Resources for 1914. Details for years later than 1905 are shown in the table below.
Production, price per pound, and value of refined lead in the United States, 1720-1919.
LEAD.
terms of refined lead. A like part of the antimon feliminated from the "work lead" produced and a (the figuros of production of antimonial lead. _ v In addition to the domestic lead ores smelted in this quantities of domestic lead ore have been exported .Canada. In 1912 soft lead amounting to 63 tons wa fWisconsin ores at Canadian smelters, and in 1913 sp ting to 37 tons from Wisconsin ores and desilverizedd | to'98 tons from Idaho and Washington ores were sm dian smelters. The desilverized lead smelted in Cana S ington ores amounted to 31 tons in 1914, to 137 ton [to 2,001 tons in 1916. In 1917 silver-lead ores fr [ Montana smelted in Canada produced 4,570 tons ; from Washington yielded 1,388 tons of lead at Canad
1918. and 3 tons in 1919.
Year
Desilver ized
lead.o.b
From do
Soft lead, c
Total pro duction.t>
mestic ores and baso
bullion .<>
From foreign
ores.
From foreign
base
bullion.
Prlco per pound
at Now Yock.e
Value.
1720-1905. 1906......... 1907......... 1908......... 1909......... 1910......... 1911.........
1912.........
1913......... 1914......... 1915......... 1916......... 1917.......... 191$;.....
1919..........
Short tons. Shorttons. Shorttons. Shorttons. Shorttons. Short tons
6,251,079 2,081,836 7,332,915 6,032,383
1,300,632
313,886
90,860 404,746 336,200 28,803 39,743
313,688
99,801 413,389 352,381 24,041 36,967
295,662 101,012 396,564 311,066 11,609 73,389
329,761 117,158 446,909 352,839 21,754 72,316
328,954 141,318 470,272 375,402 18,065 76,805
331,032 156,947 486,979 391,995 10,764 84,220
339,646 141,248 480,894 392,517 11,572 76,805
330.593 131,867 462,460 411,878 13,223 37,359
383,903 158,219 542,122 612,794
7,639 21,689
388.594 161,461 550,055 507,026
0,581 33,448
403,619 167,515 671,134 552,228
6,085 12,821
422,266 188,603 610,760 648,450 15.872 40,447
429,732 210,463 040,105 630,006 16,334 84,060
334,470 147,744 482,220 424,433
7,060 60,131
SO. 057 .053 .042 .043 .044
.046 .045
.044 .039
.047 .069 .086 .071 .063
$034,403,000 46.141.000 43.819.000 33.311.000 38.434.000 41.384.000 43.828.000
43,280i000 40.696.000 42.286.000 51.705.000 78.817.000 105.052.000 90.008.000
61.115.000
10/196,671' 4,094,952 14,291,623 12,042,097
2,249,520 _____ I___
1,385,179,000
a Desilverized soft lead is Included; for quantity soe p. 317. b Antimonial load is excluded; for quantity soe p. 318.
Desilverized soft load Is oxcludod. d For 1917,1918, and 1919, average sales prlco.
PRODUCTION BY STATES.
:
The production of refined lead can with difficulty be apportioned
according to sources of ore, owing to the fact that lead refiners treat
Eroducts already smelted, whoso origin may, as in custom refining, e unknown to them, because the identity of the ore is preserved only as far as the smelter. Accordingly, tne following table is coni'piled, so far as possible, from'smelter figures. It includes " pig lead"
reported bv all smelters running on Mississippi Valley or other "soft" lead ' ores' and "work lead" produced at all other lead smelters, except that the greater part of the product reported by
silver-lead smelters operated in conjunction with refineries is stated
;
P rim a ry lead smelted o r refined in the United States, 1907-1919, by sources, in short tons. ,
816
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1919--PART I.
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K- < ' SOFT LEAD. I '
IRj.Th lead ored of the Mississippi . Valley are almost free I
jtod the lead produced from, them is knowniasi!(soft!lead.V
BpjA little lead ore of this,kind is also mined iniWashington
|I
Western ^eating
States/ but this ore. has been generally smeltec argentiferous lead ore* and thus'the'resulting'lep
I leen distinguished 'from the desilverized product iofvtho
Ipithtwo exceptions, the smelters running exclusively, .on
liedd ores do not desilverize their product* Their output
fibe column hoaded "Soft lead" in the table on page; 314
[production of refined lead .for 1720-1919. -. However.' c
Ispft-lead ore hasbeen annually smelted and. some I purchas
Ikad has been desilverized by the. silver-lead smel ters,. t < <
gjjie St. Louis Smelting .& Refining Co.l has regularly, desi
[product. ;In 1915 the St. Joseph Lead,Co.i installed d
Ekattles, and a part of its. product has,since'been desilver
Kesilverized soft, lead, .for,i the. years, prior to 1906,yha
(recorded separately from the lead produced from silver
[though the lead content of the soft-lead Ores so smelted an
lized has been recorded since 1894. Since 1906 the quan
[lead produced by each State has been recorded, as shown
[the preceding table. In the following table the undesilver
[of the soft-lead smelters is given in the first column afid
[lead output from soft-lead ores smelted and desilverized
[the second column. The figures do 'not,give the total, q
llead recovered from soft-lead ores, for the lead recovered !
[ of pigments, which are made principally from soft-lead o
|be taken into account. The lead content! of pigmen
[directly from ore in 1919 is given in the fourth column, an
Iputput of soft lead in the fifth column. The percentage
(total production of soft lead makes of the total domestic
S&f lead, composed of refined domestic lead plus lead in pig
Head in antimonial lead, is shown in the last column. . ,
[noted, the percentage ranges from37 to over 50 in the1 p
jfoview. A little foreign.lead is incorporated in the lead
[the loaded zinc pigment, but as it is difficult to determine
[quantity is involved it has been disregarded.
1
Soft lead produced in the United States, 1907-1919, in short ton
j, Year.
' Soft pig lead.
.i 1 M
Undesllverlzed.
De&ilverUed.
Total' soft pig
lead.
Soft U4d recovered
In pig.'
meat#.
CM .)<!'
Total soft lead.
1
T do ;j|e
1907..................................................
1915.................................................. 1916.................................................. 1918.................................................. MW..................................................
90,801 101,012 117,158 141,318
166,947 141,248
131,867 168,219 161.461
167,616 188,603 210.483
147,744
29,829 29,869 32,632
27,952 36,667 29,789 29,433 .43,606 44,001 68,244 66,268 47,418
67,938
129,630
130,881 149,690 169,270 191,614
171,037 161,300 201,725
206,462
236.769
244,771 267,881 216,683
6,574
7,377 7,292
7,603 7,678 10,323
10,998 11,914 12,782
13,252 12,870 13,093
11,479
136,204 138,258 166.982
176,873 199,292 181,380
172,298 213,639 218,244 249,011 267,641 270,974
227,161
3
3 3 3
4 4
4 6 6
6 6 6 4
a Include domestic refined lead, domestic lead la antimonial lead, and domestlo lea
818
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1910----PART I.
` LEAD.
ANTIMONIAL LEAD.
' The production of 'by-product antimonial lead from argentiferous lead ores derived from all sources, as reported by all lead refineries operating in this country, is shown for the period 1871-1906 (earlier, yearsibemg estimated from the output of desilverized lead) in a table in the` Chapter on' lead in Mineral Resources, 1914. The figures for later years are given'in the table below. Since 1909 producers hav6 been asked to distinguish between the by-product antimonial lead derived from ore and bullion of foreign origin and that from domestic ores. Inasmuch as the antimonial skimmings are worked up id batches, the output of antimonial lead in any one year does not necl essarily correspond strictly to the bullion refined during that yearj hellce the output of antimonial lead is distributed as between domestic arid'foreign1 in: prdportion to the lead refined from domestic and from foreign bullion during the year.: The total antimonial lead produced during the period 1907-1919 was equal to 5.13 per cent of the total lead refinea from domestic and foreign bullion during that period!
'By-product antimonial lead produced in the United States,' 19G7-I919.
Year.
Anlimonbtl lend.
.
Total lead refined from
base bullion
(short tons).
Percent
age of by product anti-'
xnonial leach
From domestic
ore (short
tons).
From foreign
ore (short
tons).
Quan tity
(short tons).
Value.
Total.
,i
Antimony content.
Short Percent-
tons.
age.
Lead. f content; by ditto;
ence ' (short! f
tons). |
1907;. 1908.. 1909.. 1910.. 1911.; 1912.. 1913.. 1914..
1910... 1917... 1918... 1919...
283,759 205,683 297,219 301,002 295,365 309,857
340,397 344,693 335,376 ' 365,998 382,314 260,538
3.5
5.1
4.3 4.7 . >4.8
4.4 6.6 . 4.9 6.7 7.2 6.1 4.0 5.2
Average.
513
7,780
9,274 8,889
10,140 9,636 8,549 14,667 , 15,475 19,371 17,246 15,270 10,777 9,674
2,130 4,355 4,007 3,929 4,442
5,003
11,,190928
3,853 0,702 3,307 7,793 4,200
9,910
13,629 12,896 14,069
14,078 13,552 16,065 16,667 23,224 21,038 18,010 18,670 13,874
31,322,985 1,204,771 1,231,019
1,338,000 1,380,656 1,311,348 1,591,854 1,672,167 3,605,730 4,483,582 3,781,500 2,820,360 1,513,908
1,661
2,440 2,360 2,229 2,254
1,949 2,508 2,693 3,425 3,490
2,760 2,606 1,043
15.8 17.9 18.3 15.8 16.0 14.4 16.0 10.2 14.8 14.5 14.8 13.8 14.0
15.3
8,349 Li;189 10,536 11,840
ilf
14,157 13,974 19,799 -20, M3 16,887 16,004 11,931
Details of the production and consumption of antimony in the
United States are given in the chapter on antimony in Mineral
Resources, 1919.
'
LEAD PIGMENTS.
PIGMENTS SMELTED DIRECTLY PROM OI^E
In addition to leaded zinc oxide and zinc-lead' o'x noted more particularly in conriection with the1 pfod pigments, two other lead pigments are made dire namely, sublimed white lead and sublimed blue' le white lead consists of lead sulphate 75 per cent, lead cent, and zinc oxide 5 per cent. Sublimed blue lead c sulphate 50 to 53 per cent, lead oxide 41 to 38 per ce
firoportions of load sulphide, load sulphite, and zinc
ead oxide contains from 46 to 50 per cent of lead sul to 46 per cent of zinc oxide, and a small quantity of No zinc-load oxide is made at presont. Leaded zinc o from 4 to 20 per cent in lead sulphate, the remain pxide, with a small portion of zinc sulphate.
The lead content of pigments smelted directly from the fourth column of the table on page 317. As there a ducers of sublimed lead or basic lead sulphate, the o be revealed. The production ,of leaded zinc oxide i chapter on zinc.
: ' ' :i
PIGMENTS MANUFACTURED FROM PIG.LEA
. .' The pigments manufactured from pig lead, which!a red lead, orange mineral, and litharge, show a decre price per ton of 10 per cent from the average in 1918, to a decrease of 25 per cent in the average price of. pi was, however, an increase in the output of each le i^hite lead in particular made a noteworthy gain. 1
Manufactured lead pigments marketed in the United States, 1
1918
rigmout.
Quantity (short tons)
Valuo,
Total.
Per ton.
Quantity (shorttons).
Whlto load: In oil...................................
Dry.....................................
Red lpad and orange mineral r_ Litharge..................................,
82,799 317,224,480 20,089 3,542,368 30,069 :5,928,607 48,874 8,825,724
3208.03
176.33 197.17
180.58
109,005 32 30,085 32)362 i . 46,739 ,
SECONDARY LEAD.
Secondary lead is obtained mainly from skimming j metal, and alloys, such as babbitt, solder, and typ ^recovery of lead by refining these materials constitut |part of the lead industry. This business is carried Ismail refineries scattered over the United States, |smelters and refineries working primary lead freq fadvantagoous to incorporate material from secondary
'820
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1919--PART I.
LEAD/
i .i
Feroduct of the secondary'refineries is of two classes--pig lead an ead in alloys. The lead in alloys may have been recovered in th form of pig lead and alloyed at tho refinery, or it may have be
05 9>
687 5,102
28 1,784 18,535 91,171 2,105 11,283
86 1
163,290 17,219 7,675
|8J
p 5S
.
. (O g o. to < 2 5
Jp3 o 53
i-
H i
S :*-rv 3
refined as an alloy, being brought to the desired composition by,th, addition of. the requisite metal.
00
rmm
es yj as
SS'SSS* igfisgsgsss
2v
05
t-f afs'a.,-f. :af . :
S ,ff.T
Secondary lead recovered in the United States, 1909-1919, in short tons.
1910..........
im......
1913.......... 1914.;. 1915.......... 1916......... 1917.......... 1918......... 1919.....;
It -,, ^ -- .
Year.
Pig load.
Load in alloys.
Total ro
covorod load.
18,360 29,492 27,389 30,266 33,104 29,337
36,400 66,700 45,100 41,146
55,684
23,327 25,930
26,895 36,902 39,730 31,725
42,600
r 39,600
48,400 55,954
60,416
41,687 55,422 54,284 67,168 72,834 61,002
78,000
96,300 93,500
97,100
122,100
33.585.009 4,877
4 886, 6,045, 6,409, 4,768,
7,416,0 13,289,0 ' 16,082,0 13 78T~ 12.9
NMMf tOQO'fiAM t-
! "8 i :sartal
o> 3
05
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^ 1913 |
MINE PRODTTCTION,
l0 .tuff
The preceding tables give the quantity of lead recovered by smelt
oootoor-Moj`Ot~M
Htro-- uico
si to
1
msM g : s' - i
ing ana refining' operations either as metallic lead, or in the alloy antimonial lead, or as lead in pigments. The following table shows-
IIon>
Os
the source or derivation of the domestic load that is recovered b"
m Ri S|8
asgsg 8
"
SO-1 *'
o" of
*
H ^ (.
,. i..
s' t.
**' .5. j-
smelting and refining operations. The origin of the lead is muti more accurately showii by tho mines reports, because smelters necetf
sarily treat mixtures of ores, sometimes long after they have be6n.
s BS11s 28S i ODC4<0 |i is.i j8
2 . ' s'jf .'! '
jef : ;
* f i
received, so that the actual output of metallic lead may not corteS spond at all closely to the product of the mines for the same yean The data for this table are taken from the chapters on gold, silver,
O 5
' u .
sssasssas? r' -'as' i
sM
s j a i iof
PJNfllHM o
.
,;s ,!
;g.,
copper, lead, and zinc in the Eastern, Central, and Western States.;-. It should be understood that strict comparisons between tho States
are not possible, because the form of statement is not uniform, the
OS s*ggia*^a= m- 'tt^oo4, J.
-' 8
-'
afrrr*
of | n I !
i2l I,', si " ii
lead being stated as recovered lead in some States, lead content i others, and as partly one and partly tho other in still other States. It is hoped that this practice, which is largely necessitated by condir tions, can be soon abandoned in favor of stating the lead as recovered'
metal.
MINE PRODUCTION, 1907-1919.
'S' 1"*
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CO
o to
The following table gives tho output of lead since 1907, the. .fijftf
iji -i;;
- 1s
year in which there were mines reports for all lead-producing States.,
Missouri holds first rank in mine production of lead throughout the.;
eriod, with Idaho in socond ana Utah in third place. Colorado eld fourth place until 1918 when Oklahoma wont into that rank.
Wlf;
lrsfl*
; illg.
)HY'
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: - : d ;.:. i AL
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tsi
2wa Su m xxi
64699--it E 1919--n 1------ 21
322
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1919--PART I.
LEAD.
COMPARISON OF TOTALS BASED ON SMELTER RETURNS AND ON MINE
RETURNS.
*
'
sume their stocks of ore, and the result may be an app excess." The second source of difference is found in mine totals in the arbitrary, calculation of metal conte
The statistics of lead actually recovered by the smelters as refined ' The dry assay in vogue in the Western States giyes res
pig lead, in antimonial lead, and in pigments, and the statistics of mine production (load content of ores produced) arc compared over
too low. A decision of the United States circuit court recognizes a differential of 1.5 per cent between the i
a period of years in the following table:
chemical analysis, and in actual practice the discrepan even greater than that. Lastly, these totals do not take
Domestic lead recovered and lead mined in the United States, 1907-1919, in short tons. except in certain of the Western States, the loss in sm
from 2 to 5 per cent in the treatment of easily redu
Year.
From
smelter roports.
From mine reports.
Smeltor excess
Mine excess.
reaching 10 per cent or more in the more refractory o running over 20 per cent is allowed by the Treasury D smelting in bond foreign lead ores running high-in .
1007. 1909 1809.
1010, 1011,
1012.
1013. 1914. 1010. 1010 1017 1019
1010.
306,606
326,657 367,303 301,613
407,767 410,169 436,343
637,676 636,312 680,226 674,339 666Z12: 1S. 444, 250
375,013
336,434 399,036 396,313
441,190
457,305 600,188
522,892 661,641 622,976
660,940 681.654 443,694
9,567 9,747 30,643 3,770 33.393 : 47,a06. 64,84,
26,329r 42,760b 76,611*: 19,436
arsenic. Lag being left out of account, the totals would
a mine excess equal to the smelting loss. Any dis appears in the table may reasonably D6 ascribed to o
these items. In the long run, barring error and allowin
losses and exportation of ore, the "mine excess'" yvill b
equivalent "smelter excess.",
,
,, ,
/ By referring to the'table comparing the mine.'and .
it will be seen that twice during the last 13 years'tbe
lead by the mines has been less than the'output of the
6,930,397 6,287,284
347,897 the other years the mine production has been conside
The total output of lead in refined lead, antimonial
The smoltor totals represent actual recovery and are found by.; summing up the total production of refined lead reported by all com-., panjes, By calculating the load content of domestic antimonial load/'
ments by the smelters during the 13 years was 5,939 the output of the mines for the same period was' 6,287 excess of mine production over smelter production
and recalculating ail pigments back to equivalent metallic lead on'1 the basis of average analysis of product. The lead recovered from.,
TRADE CONDITIONS.
,
secondaiy sources is excluded from those totals, as it has already''
WORLD'S PRODUCTION.
been reckoned once as pig lead. In collecting the data for compiling/, the mine totals, each producing property is requested to report the;
W o. rlds production oflead by c ountries where smelted but not' n ecess. ar' ily-r
actual tonnage of lead ores and concentrates shipped, and from this/
{Reduced where necessary to metric tons.]
tonnage the lead content is reckoned by assay value. The quantities; thus obtained from all the producing properties in each State are/
Country.
1913 1914
combined to make the total. It is clear that by either method the"
correctness of the totals is dependent upon complete and correct/,
Africa: 1 Rhodesia............................
296
returns from every producing mine and smelter. It is further essen-~ tial to the correctness of the mine totals that the assay content be correctly estimated.
Tunis..................................
Australia.................................. Austria-Hungary..................... Belgium..................................... .
Canada...;.....................................
11^,444 10$80
17,202
With equal conditions affecting the mines and the smelters, the stocks in the ore bins of the smelters should run about even from
France............................................. Germany: u Upper Silesia..........................
28,81? 41,300
year to year, and the mine and smelter totals, allowance being made
Other Germany..................... Great Britain.................................
139,800 30.900
in the former for losses in smelting, should show reasonable agree ment. As may be seen from the table, however, there are frequent
Greece...........................................;. 18,809 India (Burma).............................. 5,961
iwy............................. 01,674
irregularities in the mine-excess column. The causes of these ir
Japan............................................... 8,777 Mexico s........................................ 41,600
regularities fall into four categories. The first is lag, by which is meant the time that elapses between the shipment of ore by the mine
Russia.............................................. 1,628
South America &............................
93
Spain................................................ 198,829
and the reduction of the ore by the smelter. This is frequently
Bwedon............................................ 1,286 ITurkey.......................................... . 13.900
considerable, for ore raised near the end of the year may remain in the stock bins of the smelter until the succeeding year, and, unless
(United States................................. 886,048
<)"(Other countries............................. .
186
loijss
70,1 16,681 . 29,601
.36,950 101 500 20,000 . 20,684 10,717 20,464
4,662 ' 14,863
1,080
148,624
i 1(,8)96.
472,126 (a)
26
102,^21
`' 1^70
19,740 14,689
28,750 106,000 16,020 11,696 18,788 21,812
4,764 38,319
985 249 171,474 1,917
468650
()
6,028
18^072: 14^1^60
19,879 20*709 . 24,270 .21,286
41,620
()
12,980 0,424 14,011 24,862 11,871 13,232
640 137 147,407 2,076
60^,490
<)
.. 32,060 11.614 1,422 17,288 16,287 15,807
ii30;212
(0)m
176,809 8,174
<*)
balanced by an oquivalont lag from the precoding yoar, will thus lead to an apparent "mine oxcess." If, through accident, business de pression, or otherwise the mines closo down, the smelters largely con- .
:Statistics not available.
'
4 In the absonce of ofDclal Mexican reports of smelter output of lead, or of export
lt( Mexican lead into (SouthAmerica.
the
United
States -
In
the .
form
of .
bullion .,
ain'd
pig..lead. are
given
824
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1919--PART I.
The foiegoing statistics of the world's production of lead, though
incomplete; give some idea of the foreign production during the
World War. The figures in black-faced type are taken from the
official statistics of the countries named; those in ordinary type are
taken from statistical handbooks, consular reports, market letters,;
and trade journals. There is always a possibility of duplication in
figures showing world production,r for some countries send "work
lead" or base bullion to other countries for refining. Furthermore,'
secondary and antimonial lead are included in the figures showing the;
foreign production, so that to put the United States on an equal foot--.
ing in the statistics it would be necessary to include in its production'
the'domestic Output of secondary lead and antimonial lead. The'
figures for the United States represent refined lead that was smelted'
in this country, whatever the source of the ore.
111
i'
"
:
IMPOSTS AND EXPORTS.
Ml.
!i
; WAREHOUSE TRANSACTIONS.
>1
Lead imported into the United States as metal or ore miry be entered for immediate consumption, the duty being paid ana the,-
lead going direct to the consumer; or xt may be entered for warehouse,!
bonabeing given for double the amount of the estimated duty. In, the ac--co--m--p--an--ying tables the phrase "general imports"' indicates thetoti_s_l i_m_po_r_t_s_,_including,, both lead entered for imi med'i'ate consum_ption. and lead entered for warehouse. From warehouse the lead may bq
withdrawn for consumption by payment of duty, or it may remain in, bond for smelting and refining, finally being either withdrawn for,
consumption or exported from warehouse with cancellation of bond. The lead entered for immediate consumption and that withdrawn from warehouse for consumption make up the "imports for consump
tion," which are expressed in the same terms as those under whichthey were imported. By-product antimonial lead made by refining
lead of foreign origin in bonded smelting warehouse can be with drawn for consumption as type metal (T. D. 31201). The lead im ported for consumption may be actually used in this country, or it, may be manufactured into articles which are exported' in the latter, event the manufacturer is entitled to the benefit of a drawback of 99
per cent of the duties paid. In the table on page 329, showing foreign,
lead exported in manufactures with benefit of drawback, the lead is;
shown m the form in which it was originally imported. On account;
of diversity of form it is not feasible to show the articles exported1, with benefit of drawback. The foreign lead given in the table as
exported from warehouse is likewise shown in the form in which it; was imported and entered for warehouse. Foreign lead exportedr from warehouse has,since July 1, 1915, been included by the Bureau' of Foreign and Domestic Commerce in the domestic exports as
foreign ore." : ' The items foreign lead exported from warehouse, domestic export^
of lead "from foreign ore," and foreign lead exported in manufac-r tures with benefit of drawback make up the total foreign lead going,, out of the country. Lead in warehouse and deductions by liquida-tion being disregarded, the difference between the sum of these
exports of foreign lead and the total imports of lead constitutes the foreign lead consumed in this country. For the sake of simplicit
LEAD.
this foreign lead is carried on the bonded customs in the form in which the lead was entered until th It must be clearly understood, therefore, that th table of foreign exports of lead, on a later page,.w lead content of ore and base bullion but as refine refined from them. Since 1914, however, all for has been classed as lead, "pigs and bars," exce articles manufactured from foreign lead and expo drawback. For articles not made wholly of lead to give weights, but each shipment on which dra accompanied by a manifest of the imported lead . articles and the duty paid thereon. From these m the statement of the total quantity of foreign lea tures exported with the benefit of drawback. F lead is given in the form in which it was imported
The following table is taken from the reports of eign and Domestic Commerce. For the reasons lead is shown in the terms in which it was importe considerable part of the lead stated as remainin bullion doubtless represents refined lead waiting finery for a favorable market for shipment. If th the table gives a fair idea 'of the fluctuations o different times and in different localities.
Lead remaining in warehouse in the United States, Dec. 31, 1
Form la which load was entorod for
warehouse.
Remaining at--
Year.
t. i..
Load In oro rigs, and base. ban, and
bullion.
Old.
New York.
Newark, Perth Am N.J. . boy, N. J.
Chicago, 111.
1 P Ta
mo.......... 71,794,443 149,082
,1911.......... 8,869,713 93,082
m2.......... 20,801,182 93,802
1013.......... 10,620,953
1014.......... 15,333,064
3,837
1015.......... 24,338,933
1010.......... 23,667,358 1,070,298
1017......... 47,853,945 5,370,445
1013.......... 33,997,822 944,483
1910.......... 90,952,684 468,154
7,548,936 36,112,136 2,777,692 2,308,322 1,880,828 17.066,768
8,785, Ml 10,309,592 8,40 1,728 8,575,115 19,01 5,611
!
21,090,631 954,884 484,671 80,880
94,776 165,257
4,732,535 4,757,316
?!
6,93 2,55 . 76 1,68 4,80 14,67 6,81
18,95
8
a Kansas City before 1914.
t Mot av
826
MINERAL RESOURCES, 19X9--PART I. IMPORTS.
LEAD.
r General imports of lead into the United States, 1910-1
The following tableB are taken from the reports and records of "
the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce:
'
' Lead imported and enteredfor consumption in the United States, 1910-1919.
Lead in ore.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Base bullion.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Pigs, bars, and old.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Sheets, pipe and shot.
Quan tity Value.
(pounds)
Not other wise speci fied.
Total I value.,
1910.. 7.998.859 1198,196 1911.. 1,474,254 26,603 1912.. 936.861 24,760 1913.. 2,300,972 76,836 1914.. 6,459,961 188,749 1915.. 2.865,792 96,010 1910.; 10,125,983 368,824 1917. 6.438,931 207,370 1918. 0,064,902 344,080 1919. 4,106,823 196,363
16,543,167 3337,223 0,776,066 $212,858 17,376,469 352,595 7,112,749 242,423 22,729,467 462,569 5,191,823 110,469 17,666,227 388,116 4,621,270 105,738 8,904,649 301,196 675,290 12,281 16,496,230 619,355 997,368 32,951 6,242,171 208,277 6,388,097 331,235 0,966,849 470,539 1,756,223 85,743
3,669,071 180,070 1,139,950 56,694 31,790,693 1,130,937 10,174,115 415,094
39,779 $1,972 $4,843 $765,092 63,151 2,855 7,218 631,654 31,184 2,305 6,468 006,551 39,171 3,291 12,710 685,690 62,552 2,763 81,894 586,872 201,510 17,059 107,680 772,955
532 63 106,560 1,014,959 12,538 2,699 10,287 776,638 6,892 624 36,723 618,191
8,018 628 17,187 1,760,909
Tl
Type metal imported and enteredfor consumption in the United States, 1910-1919,'
1910.. 1911..
1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917..
1918.. 1919..
Year.
Lead In ore (lead con
tent).
Daso bullion.
Oross weight. .
Lea . te
94.761,054 35,686,180 19,577,499
19,883,313 23,649,637
18,185,140 35,086,100 41,292,876 37,070,340 19,573,856
118,061,415 141,481,862 .162,420,624 96,908,170
33,444,503 86,247,995 24,043,660 109,279,997
155,810,003
115,317,160
116, 138,
146, ,94, '32,
;83, 24, 103, 149,
112,
Basic carbonate (corroded) white lead, red lead, litharge, a
and enteredfor consumption in the United Sta
Corroded white lead.
Red lead.
L
Year. .
Quan tity.
Value.
Quan tity.
Value.
Qua tity
Year.
Type metal.
Lead content.
Gross weight (pounds).
Value.
Quantity (pounds).
Percentage.
13.394.199 8,390,470
581,411 567.004 1.509,538 2,768,261
1,162,386
$485,493 310,058
18,668 20,098 45,373 107,607
83,816
11.176,830 6,936,711
477,000 467,088 1,322,188 2,424,306
923,473
84.9 82.7 82.0 82.6
87.6 87.6 79.4
1911. 1912..
1913. 11914.
1915. 11916........:................ 1917.. 1918. 1919.
Pounds. 741,071
687,705 672,109 696,567
339,157 88,617 20,238
508 21,213
*
$46,213
46,494 45,266 40,203 24,608 8,060
1,966 202
2,490
Pounds.
1,063,533
757,908 99,832 12.654
1,908 20,467
50
5 7,199
$42,471
33,854 4,903 2,934 132 5,302
13 1
1,136
Pound 24,6 82,4 34,0 83,6 20,6 1,3
1
EXPORTS. . DOMESTIC EXPORTS.
651,794 13,394,803
35,938
613.166
816,042 11,000,498
93.0
82.1 The average difference between the prices of
83^lj at London for the 10 years prior to 1914 was
& pound and the price at New York was the h
General imports of lead into the United States, in ore, base bullion, and refined, 1910-1919jij
by sources, in pounds.
> *J
case, exports of domestic pig lead should be temporary or very unusual circumstances.
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
Year.
Canada.
Mexico.
.exports of lead articles manufactured in: this
8outh America.
Europe.
Othor countries.
Total . Imports. ;
exports, whether the lead is of domestic or for
eason no table of exports of domestic lead m
1910...................
1911.................. 1912...................
1913................... 1014...................
1916................... 1916................... 1917................... 1918.................. 1919...___ .....
200,979 270,947 819,497 338,569 381,007
2,303,170 12,600,210
11,738,379 28,225,878 10,391,115
203,290.307 172,033,470 159,455,064 95,693,439
40,282,207
94,247,384 48,305,070 125,782,769 162,259,199 125,541,614
598,263 778,221 207,936
760,327
417,744 420,507 ',235,768
550,4GO 962,124 501,416
2, 714,796
500,101 829,139 810,019
4, 898,552 217,773 675,760 045,899
02,610 89,840
4,394,421 1,051,544 3,300,356 8,685,612 2,604,203
802,610 2,845,949 6,620,323 4,705,049
286,142
217,204.7061 170,003.3531 167.121,6031 114,293,9661
66,676,80? 102,991,416]
70,669,301 156,543,8301 197,214,7601
141,813,1*"
fiven, because such a table would duplicate; the
ead in manufactures exported with benefit of
ixports of domestic pig lead began, however,
eparately.
_
.
In 1914 the price of lead at London rose,ab
ork early in January and remained between o
ent a pound above throughout,the year.. uTh
export domestic lead at a profit, and the decre
328
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1919--PART I.
ore and bullion from Mexico rendered it necessary to satisfy the foi
eign demand with domestic lead, the exports of which assumed largi
proportions. The movement commenced in March, 1914, and b;
the end of the year had reached large proportions.' Likewise in 191
the price of lead at London was from one-fourth to 1 cent a poum
higher than the price at New York, except for the period of hig]
prices in the Umted States during June and July, and exports pi
domestic lead continued heavy throughout the year.
Vf*
Exports of refined lead from domestic ores reached the maximu;
both as to quantity and value in 1916. They dropped off almdslf
one-half in 1917, snowed a further decline in 1918, and were dotK^
to JO,610 tons in 1919.
Refined lead made from domestic ores and exportedfrom the United States, 1914-1919. s
Year.
Quantity
(short tons).
Value. .{fij
1914.......................................................................................................................................... 1915......................................................................................................................................... 1916..........................................................................................................................................
1917......... ...........:................................................................................................................... 1918..........................................................................................................................................
1919..........................................................................................................................................
68,722 88,300 100,500 63,688
41,831 10,510
$4,601,6741 7,928,51$ 13,494,065j
9,660,5083
5,889,881J 1,471,2m
' . * ; r ifa
While lead exportedfrom the United States, 1913-1919.
:<$
- ".m
' Year.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.1M
1913........................................................................................................................................... ! 15,052,384 1914........................................................................................................................................... 1 17.645.638
1910...........................................................................................................................:............ I 27,436.064 1917............................................................................................................................................1 10,737,399
1919............................................................................................................................................1 28,033,486 1
"'t* $905,3981
1,017,876 i 1,409,6221 2,137,0731 2,089,65rt 1,756,739} 3,037,293j
'
' FOREION EXPORTS.
; i'(' . *!
'By foreign lead exports are meant the exports of lead.of foreign!
origin which has been smelted, refined, or manufactured in this coufl-J
try and then shipped abroad. The following table, made up from1
the records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, shWi,
the total lead exported for a period of years; but it must be bome|
in mind, as pointed out on a previous page, that prior to 1915"the|
actual exports were not in the form shown in the table, which is thej
import form, but instead consisted of refined lead and lead! mantf#
factures. Since July 1, 1915, the exports of foreign lead heretofore1
classed as "ore," "base bullion," and "pigs, bars, and old" are1 lall
included in "pigs, bars, and old" os domestic manufactures of leadl
from foreign ore. The quantities given for lead oxported from.1 wate^
house are exact, but the quantities given for lead in manufactures are
subject to the waste in manufacturing.
'ii'pj
PUBu
LEAD.
Foreign lead exportedfrom the United Statesy
Exported from warehouse.
K/Year.
Lead content of Lead content of base ore. bullion.
Pigs, bare, and old.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Quantity (pounds;.
Value.
Quantity (pounds;.
Value.
1910.. 1911.. 1912.. 1913.. 1914.. 1916.. 19161.
1918J;... >919..,,.
3248.220 117,045,333 12,282,057
19,
730.247 151,986,205 3,093,290 12,311,
219.859 116,907,305 2,478,256 271.985 77,253,891 1,827,538
,107,
111
245,205 10,944,350 378,286 25,421,
(> 77,236, 19,760,
75,304,
118,832,
a 81,951,
$7
244,0 3,8
4,85 9J3,3
2,738,26
1:111,66 6,650,15
48,,533069,,277
Since July,, 1,1915, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestlo Commerce Has " domeastilo exports, of pigs, bars, etci, produced from foreign/'- u >;
CONSUMPTION.
""In statements of consumption.of lead in these
it was the custom to take into account the sme
the beginning and at the end of the year. It is
for the individual year this gives closer figures
-that account of trade stocks should also be tak
rate results; but this is manifestly outside the
'this Survey. It was found impossible to obta
intent of stocks after 1906; hence consumption
out reference to domestic stocks. At that time
part, from one-fourth to one-fifth, of the lead sm
this country was lead of foreign origin smelte
possible to obtain statistics of the stocks of th
reported annually by the Bureau of Foreign
merce as " merchandise remaining in warehous
For the years 1907 to 1917, inclusive, therefore
cdhsumption" was calculated by taking the prod
ores and using the total, imports and exports :p
forms--ore, bullion, ` and pigs--and likewise" th
lead in warehouse at 'the 'beginning 'and' end 'of
complete statements of stocks of refined lead
the conclusion has been reached that a better
may be had by basing the calculation, as was do
the total production of both domestic and fore
transactions in refiped lead, disregarding alto
stocks. The "apparent consumption" calcula
given in the table below for the years 'of the' wa
average for the four years just prior to the war.
i -
:
i.
1
. 1
: ' i-
330
MINERAL RESOURCES, 191b--PART I.
Apparent consumption of refined primary lead in the United Slates, refinery stocks disregarded, in short tons.
1010-1013 average.
1014
1915
1010
1917
1018 1919
took in bonded warehouses, Jan. 1 Imports ol pigs, bars, and old......... . Production............................................
Withdrawn: Exports of foreign lead: From warehouse........................... In manufactures, with benefit of drawback.................................... Exports of domoAtlc load................... Stock in bonded warehouses, Doc. ill
Apparent consumption.
79 1,008 475,151 476, 838
70,256
10,505
80, 761 396,077
148 M2,122 512, 270
21, M3
9, 489 68,722
2 89. 758 462, 512
2 410 650,055 550,4C7
38,018
3, 983 88, 300
130, 907 419,500
6,055 671, 134 576,789
0,880
6,171 100, 600
536 110,086 400,703
535 5,793 610, 769 617,097
37,052
7,637 63,088 2,085 101,562 516,636
2,085 6,240 640,195
04S, 120
472 5,107 482,220
487,799
59,410 40,976
3,426 41,831
472
1,939 10,510
234
105, 145 1 6.1,654
M2,976 | 434,143
i 3(1:
HI-
'
.
GOLD, SILVER, COPPER
[&
ARIZO
<>. (MINES R fi."
'i i1
By V. C.
PRICES AND VALUE.
At the beginning of 1919 lead was quoted on tlie New York market i
PRODU
at 5.75 cents, but it went slightly below 5 cents in April and May,(
GENERAL S
after which it steadily climbed until the close of the vear, when it 3 was quoted at 7.5 cents. The average of quotations for immediate I delivery at New York in 1919 was 5.8 cents a pound. The average] price, as figured from the total sales during the year, was 5.3 cents j a pound, as compared with 7.1 cents a pound in 1918. These are* the figures used in calculating the value of the lead produced from ] domestic ores in the United States in those years.
Prices quoted on lead by the American Smelting de Refining Co. in 1919, in cents a pound. ]
^ 'The mines of Arizona produce containing gold, silver, copper, lea *$111,167,872. The value of the ou
,decreased about 45 per cent. The jinines and 15 producers from plac ;13 placer producers in 1918. The 'and value of all the metals, but p (paid in 1919 by 13 companies amo
January 21.......................................... January 31.......................................... February 7......................................... February 20.......................................
February 25........................................
April 9.....................................
May 16.................................................
6.60 6.26 6.00 5.10
6. 25
5.00
5.10
July 18................................................ July 24........................... ..................... September 15.....................................
October 16..........................................
October 23.......................................... December 3........................................ December 12......................................
5.76 6.00 6.25 i
6. 60 j
6.76 3 6.90; 7.00;
? 'Dodge Corporation, owning mines
.zona, paid dividends amounting'
i `Was not included in the State tota
`operations of its properties at Mor
^separately., '
!
May 19................................................ 6. 25 December 18...................................... 7.16 ! June 11................................................ 6. 40 December 26...................................... 7.50 i July 14................................................ 5. 50
The London prico of load for prompt shipment was 40 por long 3
ton (8.5 cents a pound) at the beginning ox the year but it rapidly j fell from this level to 22 a long ton (4.59 cents a pound) by June 25. After remaining comparatively stationary for three months the '
'Ifine production of gold, silver, copper,
.11! 1
1918 an
U--------------------------------
h .J--
Year. :
Num ber of pro
ducers.
Ore.
Gold.o
price began to rise and reached 45 10s. a long ton (7.76 cents a ' pound) at the end of the year. Although the price per ton in pounds J sterling was higher at the end of the year than at tne beginning, the J
1918..................................
1919.
................. .
Short tons.
469 19,038,486 85,435,027 6 339 13,727,403 4,606,413 6
actual value in cents per pound was lower at the end of the year. I . Decrease, 1919... 130 6,311,083 928,614 1
owing to the depreciation of exchange rates. Through the first third fj
of the year the London price was much above the St. Louis price, | - - o Includes small placer production.
but for the remainder of the year it was considerably below.
.
OR
The fluctuations in the price of lead at New York and London are
graphically shown in Plate III, which gives curves of the average weekly ; Ores produced from mines in A
price of lead in those markets for the years 1914 to 1919, inclusive. ! , 083 short tons less than in 1918.
As stated on page 313, the value of tho output of refined lead in j .decreased from $10.62 in 1918 to
the United States from domestic ores in 1919 was $44,990,000, atl 'silver value per ton increased fro
the average price of refined lead, as compared with $76,667,000, based |J
----------------------------------------------------
on the average price in 1918, a loss of $31,077,000, or 41 per cent.:
. `Valuable aaelstance In tho preparation of .^tables waa rendered by Besale N. PatcUal], o