Document mBD4w3baaOxrMokzrn88MnvwJ

FILE NAME: CERAMICS (CER) DATE: 1945 Feb DOC#: CER031 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article Abstract - Prevention of Pneumoconiosis 1: CERAMIC ABSTRACTS and THE BULLETIN k: i rz 23- - AMERICAN *%- CERAMIC v**Z trj I SOCIETY fcS" C ^ ct postwar c : i : ics o f ics j 'vjome to all FEBRUARY 15, 1945 : t, -no. A The m ineral forme vr;de m ix tu re. T hy f c o rd ie n te is eon .. 's ch aracterized b j .he -axis Io n s and :iur.::tls In a thu 0 hydrates The s S.Oj sols an d th e / SiOj sols were prd at pH 9. In 1 r v ary in g len g th s r ) a t 1200 to 13001 sate t h a t th e A1-SI4 v.ch crystallized inti ted w ith M gO . for ' e and m u ilite yield ,al a tte n tio n w as paii tropic tran sfo rm atio n and Schairtr, A t 5j . 15 [9] 288 (1936JJ this contention ang of W yckoff, M e , 10, 382-97 (1925)]j 1 were h e a te d a t 95 05*9 for 14 d ay s, a n j three cases, forsteritf A and in the last ( calcined in a stread cen soaked a t 12001 ! S.Oj 80% , sunilarl? halite T hus, a t tha 'thosihcntes were prq .f a re (1600) yield ,s accelerated when i .fid SiOj brought t j fM\s a t 1050, -Mg O, p ro d u ced , a f t e r ] , and /3-MgSiOj 7 -MgSiOt was cod i the a d d itio n of 10^ ed M gO -SiO j (Mg :ous periods produce: 'L f.p itated MgO-SiC he co m p ared w ith r<J :og^aphic d a ta of thcates are com pare f -which th e radiog Q, W h en h e a te d : duct h av in g no coun^ G rates A t approx > m esoenstatite - hhng th a t of y-M g h-M gSiO|. M .H o - .ction. E . C. Dot U " 2.365.171, De -o,. I06-29S) nde J osef HErrr oduan). U S 2,( ; claim s. (Cl. 23d u tia R . W . A ncrxJ . Dec. 12, 1944 (Ap L H aXUOWS AN'D F . ] U S 2,366,255, Ja rCl 23-110)- ^ t green in color whic tier selected from arbonate, and htha .hcate w ith an oxid ' resisting of aLkali i tre agent being in ^ - w ater-w hite produ a green coloration, cn E l du P ont j ,: v 22, 1944 ( J a n J Gen Ceram ics today. A non. Chem Age [L oadon], 50 11302] 556 (1 9 4 4 )-- Ceram ics are being used by m a n u facturers m place of plastics, steel, nickel, copper, alum i num, zinc, and rubber Present-day industrial white- vs-are has ch aracteristics th a t m ake it highly su itab le for r-iany in d u strial uses Its resistance to abrasion is high Almost the only m aterials th a t outwear w hitew are are njbber-tue-tread stock and manganese steel, for some exacting uses, such as nozzles for sandblast equipm ent, the best ceramic nozzles will outlast manganese steel, and for lining coke ch u tes, h ard vitreous tile is still in good condi g n when both steel and rubber linings are worn out. The compressive stren g th of ceramics ranges from 25,000 to 80,000 lb /sq . in. T his com pares w ith 9000 to 47,000 for alum inum alloys. 16,500 to 45,000 for therm osetting plastics, 7000 to 20,000 for zinc alloys, and 55,000 to 400 000 for ferrous alloys. Ceram ics are low in tensile stren g th (150& to 10,000 Ib ./sq . in.). T his deficiency can often be made up by increasing the thickness or other di mensions of th e ceram ic u n it. R esistance to chem icals is high Ceramic w are will w ithstand alm ost any com pound except hydrofluoric acid. In hardness, it exceeds m ost plastics and nonferrous m etals; it is equal to glass and softer than alloy steels and chilled cast iron Obstacles to the use of ceram ic parts as substitutes for m etal in complicated assemblies are the shrinkage and occasional warping th a t tak e place during firing, b u t dim ensional tolerances sufficiently fine have been obtained by several newer moiding m ethods One m ethod molds a p a rt in the traditional m anner b u t som ewhat oversize. A prelim inary firing shrinks the p a rt to a certain extent but leaves it still oversize T he first firing is stopped while th e m a terial is still soft enough to m achine with standard tools. The machining is done to allow an exact m argin for the a d d i tional shrinkage th a t occurs during the second and final bring In another m ethod, exact parts are obtained by machining rods of fused mica and glass up to 1 in thick. Mica and glass are n o t fired during the form ing process because, unlike true ceramics, they soften a t high tem pera tures, but the m ica-glass m aterial can be used like p o r celain, it has the advantage of m achinability and can be pressure molded like plastics. In a third m ethod, care fully blended an d m oistened clays are m olded under such heavy pressure th a t w arpage is practically a b se n t, and the result is a dense h ig h -stren g th p ro d u ct T he fired product can be held to an accuracy of V * ui per inch of dim ension, and further exactness can be obtained by grinding the finished article accu rately to s u e A B S Classification of n atural organic binders. E dward P. McN.` MutA and J ay E. Comeforo Jour. A m cr. Ceram Soc .2 8 [1 ] 25-31 (1945) -- 14 references, 7 figures. Congress disp lay s in d u stry 's w ar effort. A non* A m cr Foundryman, 6 [6] 2 -3 (1944).--The 48th an n u al conven tion of the .American F o u n d ry m en 's Assn is discussed. M A.S Findings from F oundation surveys of war plants. F R Holden and W C. L. H emeon Presented a t m eeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh. Pa , N o v , 1944, a b stra c te d in Safety Eng., 88 [6 ] 63-66 (1944).-- T he report discusses am ong other things the co^ /ersion of forms of q u artz in to trid y m ite and cristobalite, which are TMore d estru ctiv e of an im al tissue th a n q u a rtz . W here th e clay.pn^ process is used m glassmaking, the reclaim ing of the discarded pots produces a serious health hazard Like- Ulse, in th e glass in d u stry , furnace an d tuille stones con- about 15% cristobalite, and the principal silicosis hazard arises m departm ents where the clays and furnace and tuille stones are m anufactured and handled. A survey of industrial hygiene in a portion of th e ceram ic in d u stry is under way, an d a re p o rt is expected m 1945 in which co n tu sio n s will differ som ew hat from prevalent ideas T he rcPort gives some consideration to dust control for masons *n glass an d sim ilar p la n ts a n d in p articu lar to a p o rtab le exhaust un it for a brick-cutting saw in com m on use. muruzing d u st a ro u n d clay an d flint sto rag e bins, etc , is touched upon. In vestigations have also been made in a sand-washing plant to determine what additional meas ures for du st control m ight be necessary M R H ave you any idea w hat prospects w ant to krow about yo u r p ro d u ct? E . L. S pajucs in d M arketing 29 [12j 51-52, 55 (1944).-- S. discusses results of a survey made am ong engineering and industrial readers as to possible points to be emphasized in advertising construction equip m en t and building m aterials One of those subm itting answ ers condem ns the use of ham m ered or frosted glass in fa c to ry windows. H e asks, "W h y d o n 't glass m a n u facturers advise owners or engineers to install a line of clear glass a t eye level where the bulk of the windows are h am m ered or frost glass'" Another wanted physical data pertaining to glass block. S found the men interviewed to be practical, cpmmon-sense folk and felt th a t their sug gestions to m anufacturers and advertisers should be heeded. M R. M ist and dust collection. C. E. L arteb. Heating, P ip in g and A i r Conditioning, 16 [7 ] 410-14 ; [8] 464-66 , [10] 578-81 (1944) -- L reviews the purposes of m ist and d u st collecting and summarizes the characteristics of dust T h e m ain reasons for in d u strial d u st collection are (1) nuisance elim ination, (2) im provem ent of product quality, (3) reduction of equipm ent m aintenance, (4) elim ination of sa fety an d h e a lth hazards, and (5) recovery or collection of powdered products To properly design industrial con trol eq u ip m en t it is necessary to recognize and u n d erstan d the fu n d am en tal properties and characteristics of gas dis- persoids. T hese include p article size (cem ent d u st is one of the largest of common dusts), particle classification, ex plosion hazards, and health hazards L then discusses th e m ethods of m easurem ent and the ch aracter of a tm o s pheric pollution. D ust fall, use of Ringelm aon charts, im pingers, precip tators, filters, and atm ospheric pollution d a ta are included. Finally, he covers the sam pling of process and ventilation gases to determ ine the perform ance of dust-collecting equipm ent, to evaluate the need for in stalling a system , or to obtain inform ation for design 43 references, 4 illustrations M R Noted engineer stresses research at meeting. H. F U tley . P it and Quarry, 37 [6 j 76, 7S (1944) --At a m e e t ing heM in Los Angeles, Nov 9, 19-14, S tan to n W alker d.s- c jssed th e research activities of the N auona Sand and G ravel Assn and the N itio n al R eady Mixed Concrete Assn He devoted m uch tim e to th:e sim plification of sizes for coarse aggregates as well as to the research d evelop m ents in fine aggregates It was decided to form com m ittees of producers from the north em and southern parts of C alifornia to work jo in tly with com m ittees of G o v ern m e n t engineers to facilitate reducing the large num ber of sizes of aggregates now beiog produced. 1 photograph M R Organization of research. A. Parker Jour. Inst Fuel, 17 (96 j 154-58 (June. 1944 R a b stra c te d m Bull B n t Son-Ferrous Metals Research A ssn , No 1S2. p 220 (Aug , 1944) -- P characterizes organization of research m. universities and colleges, special research institutes, in dividual industrial undertakings, cooperative industrial undertakings, and cooperative industrial research. The D epartm ent of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Fuel Research S tation are described, and the selection of a research staff is discussed. P rev en tio n of pneum oconiosis. Anon. Chem Age [L o n d o n ], 51 [1312] 180-81 (1944) -- P neum oconiosis is a group nam e for all lung diseases caused by dust particles, tw o form s of it are silicosis and asbestosis Tne best m eth o d s of prevention are (1) replacem ent of the su b stan ce producing the obnoxious dust by a harmless one, e g , alum ina in place of flint for "d u stin g " and bedding in p o t tery m anufacture and artificial abrasive m aterials for sand sto n e in g rin d in g , (2) prevention of th e escape of d u st into th e w orkshop atm osphere, usually by m eans of hoods and air su c tio n ; (3) th e use of respirators by all w orkers likely to be affected; and (4) copious general ventilation In th e B ritish Isles, the F actories' A ct, 19S7, requires th a t p ro vision shall be made for rendering harmless as far as prac- 48 Ceramic Abstracts Vol. 24, No. 2 ticable all dust, etc., that may be injurious to health; that means shall be taken for preventing the inhalation of dust; Company. A n o n . Bull. Amer. Ceram. See., 24 |1) 1-2 (1945).-- 1 photo. and that persons shall be excluded from workrooms in which siliceous dust is produced during the intervals allowed for meals or rest. In addition, various regulations have been made for the control of special industries or processes; sandblasting may be done only in an enclosed chamber in which no other work is ordinarily performed and in which efficient means are provided to prevent the escape of dust outside the chamber. Another set of regula tions applies to processes carried out in quarries in which the stone contains at least 80% silica. Machines used for the crushing and grinding of stone must be entirely enclosed or provided with efficient arrangements to prevent the escape of dust. In deciding the harmfulness of dust, it is necessary to know its chemical and mineralogical nature, Symposium on the Organization, Direction, and Support of Research: Advancement of learning in the United S.U tes " -*11* PstwV ,worl<I- J- B - Conant. ? , K A m er P h ti See.. 87 [4] 291-98 (Jan. 29, 1944). On ganization, direction, and support of research in tbt physical sciences. H . S. T aylor. Ibid., pp. 299-306 Discovery and interpretation of biological phenomena D . W. Bronx. Ibid., pp. 307-12. Critique of medical ' research. A. Grecc. Ibid., pp. 313-20. Political econ-; omy in the m odem state. H. A. I knxs. Ibid., pp.' 323-41. War and research in social science. R F N ic h o l l s . Ibid., pp. 361-64; abstracted in BuU. Brit i Non-Ferrous Metals Research Assn., N o. 185 p 3071 (N ov.. 1944). | its concentration, and other physical characteristics, in cluding the mass concentration, i.e., the weight of dust in SEPARATE PUBLICATIONS ! unit volume of the dust cloud, the number of particles per Industry and Research. A v o n . Federation of British1 unit volume, and the size distribution of the particles. Industries Brochure. 24 pp. (Oct.. 1943) ; * abstracted ic Information about the size of the dust particles is necessary Bull_ Brit. Non-Ferrous Metals Research A sm ., No. 174. because it is unlikely that many particles larger than about p. 370 (Dec., 1943).-- The importance and achievements oi 10 microns reach the deeper part of the lungs. The smaller industrial research, its present position and organizatioo dust particles are regarded as the more dangerous. Vari and suggestions for development are presented. Consider!! ous instruments have been devised for sampling air-borae able reference is made to research associations and to the j dusts. They entrap the dust particles from a known need for their increased support. I volume of air on a glass surface or in liquid. The particles Scientific Research and the Universities in PostwL-1 are then counted under the microscope; in some cases the Britain. A v o n . Parliamentary and Scientific Committtti particle diameters are also measured, and the particle- Brochure, 18 pp. (Oct., 1943); abstracted in Bull. Bn; size distribution is thus ascertained. The available in Non-Ferrous Metals Research Assn., No. 174, p. 370 (Dec, struments differ considerably in their sampling efficiencies, 1943)._--After a concise demonstration of the case lor i so that for the same dust cloud different instruments may great increase in industrial and all other types of scientii: fl If give substantially different results. The thermal precipi research in this country, the supply and training of re tator sampling instrument is highly efficient. The dust is search personnel are considered. A two- or three-folf deposited on two microscope cover slips which are subse expansion of university and other facilities for the trainiai quently mounted on slides. The dust particles are counted of scientists, with correspondingly increased Government and measured under a high-power microscope. A.B.S. financial support, is demanded. Fifteen "proposals" art tkP O N O T CHAR Enos A. Stewart, founder and owner of the Stark Brick formally stated. TECHNICAL BOOKS REPUBLISHED The following technical volumes have been republished in the United States under licenses issued by the Alien Property Custodian and t-e available to the industry at the prices indicated from publisher, Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. Eitel, Wilhelm (editor) Glastechnische Tabellen: Physikalische und chemische Konstanten der Glaser. Unter Mitwirkung von H Alterthun . . . u. a-----herausgegeben von Wilhelm Eitel, Marcello Pirani, und Karl Scheel. Berlin, Springer 1932 xi 4- 714 vt- Price $24.00. ' Eitel, Wilhelm Physikalische Chemie der Silikate. 2, vllig neubearb. Aufl. Leipzig, Barth, 1941. Koeppel, Claus Feuerfeste Baustoffe sikatischer und silikathaltiger Massen. Leipzig, Hirzel, 1938. und Technik der Gegenwart. 18). Price $6.00. vii + 826 pp. illus. Price $21. t xvi + 296 pp illus (Chera* Salmang, Hermann Die physikalischen und chemischen Grundlagen der Keramik. Berlin, Springer, 1933. viii + 229 pp. Price $5.7* Schmid, Erich Kristallplastizitt. Berlin, Springer, 1935. 373 pp. Price $9.65. Smits, Andreas D ie Theorie der Komplexitt und der Allotropie. Berlin, Verlag Chemie, 1938. xii 4- 372 pp. Price $8.50. Strunz, Hugo (editor) Mineralogische Tabellen, im Auftrge der Deutschen mineralogischen Gesellschaft herausgegebea Leipzig Ak** emische Verlagsgesellschaft, 1941. 287 pp. Price $7.35. Stuckert, Ludwig Die En^llfabrikation. ein Lehr- und Handbuch fr die Emailindustrie. Berlin, Springer, 1941. vi -f 300. (2) f ' a ilC C vVtUUi Volmer, Max ' Kinetik der Phasenbildung. Dresden, Steinkopff, 1939. xii 4- 220 pp. Price $4.75. to your & A SI*