Document mB195D7RpBRz3ML8jvQpzMbOb

K M B B -0087969 Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc, 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. * October 13, 1938. ' Xi REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 700 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE^AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. Ind. Med. 7, 589 (September 1938). The Industrial Hygiene Section meeting of the 67th annual convention of the American Public Health Association to be held at Kansas City, October 25-28, 1938, should contain material of interest to all who have industrial medical problems. The addresses, as they ire published, will be abstracted in this bulletin. 701 NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS, Ind. Med. 589 (September 1938). The National Safety Congress and Exposition will hold it3 annual meeting October 11-14 at the Stevens Hotel, Chicago, There will be sessions on Dusts, Fu**#, Gases and Vapors; Industrial Nursing; Occupational Disease, and Health Session in Industry. Any articles of interest will be noted and abstracted in th bulletin. 702 NEif BOOKS . OCCUPATION AND HEALTH--SUPPLEMENT, International Labor Office, 754 Jack## ^ Place, Washington, D, C. This supplement, which will consist of 500 pages when completed, can be pur chased for $5.00. The first installment to this last supplement comprise# M page3 and includes five brochures on "Allergy and Occupation," "Asbestos," "Beryllium," "Pneumoconiosis," and "Silicosis." TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS, A compilation by Ethel Browning, of the numerous solvents used in industry. It discusses properties, uses and toxicity, and should be a valuable reference to those interested. The book is a British Publication. The U, S, address is The British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York City, Price 7s 6d (about V2,00), + (H) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene 703 PNEUMOCONIOSIS (PULMONARY DISEASE DUE TO DUST), L. Teleky. Occupation and Health, Supplement, Internat. Labor Office, Geneva (January 1958), (Ode of the supplements mentioned in News section of this Bulletin). This is one of the cost reviews and one of the most readable that has yet been written on the subject. Dr. Ielo;^r has placed the dusts into 8 classes accord ing to actions as follows, briefly: irritants, ceuiotic action over long-per iods, micro-chemical action forming lesions (quarts), chemical action with in flammatory processes, cancerogenic action, allergic action, infectious action and toxic action. In the first half cf the paper, mechanics and physidlegy of dust inhalation are considered, together with concentrations found and thepathelogicai and rcentgencgraphical significance of mixtures* The second half dis cusses the effects of breathing various dusts, including grain dusts, dusts like References to Recent Literature - 2 KW86-0007970 Thomas slag, and various minerals. Bibliography is brief, and is limited to well-known references. 704 PATHOLOGY OF THE SILICOTIC NODULE, Joseph Walsh. Am. Rev. Tuberc, 58, 363-71 (September 1936). White Haven Sanatorium, White Haven, Pa. The author presents the results of 20 years of observation of anthracosilicotic lungs, with several photomicrographs of affected lymph nodules. In his summary, he states that anthracosilicotic dust within the tissues of the lung is always found in cells until after necrosis sets in. These cells are carrier in lymph channels to intrapulmonary and hilar nodes. The pulmonary fibrr-anthracosilicotic nodule begins by thickening of the interstitial tissue aTouni lymphatics, the development of fibrous tissue in alveolar walls and destruction of the elastic'; which allows the alveoli to collapse. The typical single nodule is smaller than a millet seed and is made up principally of collapsed and coalesced alveolar walls. Later occur hyalinization and necrosis beginning in the inter ior. A large nodule is always conglomerate, and is made up of the coalescence of innumerable small ones. The silicotic nodule and its points of difference from the pulmonary nodule are described. 705 SILICOSIS aND SIMILAR DUST DISEASES, MEDICAL ASPECTS AND CONTROL. R.R. Sayers and R. R. Jones. U.S.Publ. Health Repts. 53, 1453-72 (August 19, 1938). Ob tainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 5 cents, cash. This paper, originally presented at the National Silicosis Conference in 1936, is an excellent review of the subject, with especial attention to occupational exposure, factors influencing the action of silica dust particles, the necessity of occupational history, and prevention of silicosis. Asbestosis and anthracosiliccsis are considered briefly, 706 RECOVERY METABOLISM OF SILICOTICS. A. Bchme. Arch, f, Gewerbepath. u. Gawer- behyg. , 601-10 (1938). (German), . Increased oxygen consumption accompanies all work, partly during work, partly after it (oxygen debt). In cardiac insufficiency and emphysema, ojqrgen con sumption is more delayed in the recovery period* the ojygen debt is greater than normal. In healthy persons consumption is highest after 3, or at most, 6 minutes after stopping heavy work. In comparing normal persons with silicotics with 70-80% disability, the latter showed a marked and prolonged rise in res piration rate, increased minute volume and oxygen consumption during the recov ery time and also at the end of the 10 minute observation period. In silicotics wiwh less than 70% .sability, the differences were less narked or barely de tectable. The method is not applicable for adjudging compensation however, because of other influences--excitement, lack of precision and intentional emphasis of difficulties. 707 THE INFLUENCE OF SILICA ON THE NATURAL aND ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS. Arthur J, Vorwald and Anthony B, Delahant, Am, Rev. Tuberc. 38. 347-62 (September 1938). Reprints probably obtainable from The Saranac Labor atory, Saranac Lake, N, Y, The authors investigated the effect of silica on resistance of animals to the tubercle bacillus. Their experiments showed that silica depresses the native resistance of the guinea pig to attenuated tubercle bacilli and of the white rat to virulent types of these microorganisms. Silica also inhibits the devel opment of acquired resistance in guinea pigs when the irritant is confined to the tissue in which the immune bodies are being produced. This adverse influ ence is specific for silica and is proportional to the concentration of the irritating substance. Dusts low in silica and nonsiliceous dusts have no such effect. The authors suggest as a possible explanation the alteration of 03117873 References to Recent Literature - 5 HHBB-000797 monocytic cells by silica in such a way that they furnish a more suitable med ium for the growth of the bacillus. On the other hand, inhibitory substances normally present in such cells may be neutralized so that the bacillus is per mitted to grow with unusual rapidity. At the present time only the morpholog ical evidences of cellular alteration have been discovered. The underlying chemical factors are completely unknown. 708 SUMMARY OF RESULTS OBTAINED TO DATE IN A STUDY OF THE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE QUARRYING, CRUSHING AND SCREENING OF NORTH CAROLINA GRaNITES. Division of Industrial Hygiene, Raleigh, North Carolina, Mimeographed. 17 pp. Obtainable at address given. This report presents the results of a preliminary study of 15 granite quarries, in 9 of which both dust counts and medical examinations were made. The total number of workers involved was 614, of which only 350 had been exposed to gran ite dust for 1 year or longer. Among these workers, 13 were found to have more fibrosis than usual, and there was 1 case of first-stage silicosis. There was a preponderance of workers under 35 years of age, and about 13% of the workers in the 3 major labor divisions were core then 50 years of age. In so far as indicated in the small number of cases, an increasing incidence of pathology with advancing age is revealed. The increase with exposure is fairly uniform a until an exposure of 30 years is reached, at which point the incidence rises precipitously. Dust counts were made to evaluate the dust exposure associated with specific tasks, and the cumulative dust exposure was computed for every worker 7/hose occupational record is sufficiently long. A distribution by occu pation and cumulative dust exposure reveals that the condition "more fibrosis than usual" exists in every classification and that silicosis appears when the cumulative exposure reaches 1500 million particle years of dust. (This refers to granite dust, shown by a number of analyses to contain 30 to 40% quarts.) This corresponds to a daily exposure threshold limit of 35 million particles per cubic foot over a period of 40 years. As a factor of safety the average (granite) dust exposure should not exceed 25 million particles per cubic foot. The exposure in many major quarry occupations exceeds that figure where no - safeguards are employed. The exposure may be reduced to a safe level by the use of wet methods. The results indicate a definite hazard, although not se severe as was expected. Final conclusions must be postponed until more men with over 10 years* exposure tc granite dust can be examined. 709 SILICOSIS IN POTTERY WORKERS. R. A. Kemp Harper. Brit. J. Radiol. Ji, 354-65 (1938). The clinical and industrial factors producing silicosis are discussed. A sur vey of the industry in 1932 showed that about one-third of the pottery workers ' of all branches had acquired the disease at the end of 20 years* exposure. Im portant factor are (1) silica concentrations in the dust, (2) duration of ex posure, (3) cleanliness, and (4) precautions taken by employers. In modern factory buildings efficient design has greatly reduced the dust content of the air, and the use of alumina instead of flint has reduced the disease incidence. Research is being directed toward the discard of dangerous materials in the bedding processes. Physique of workers is important in disease resistance; certain 'physical types are undesirable for work in any quarter or process. Tuberculosis, even in the early stages, constitutes a menace. The author dis cusses the two main types of silicosis as first recognized in South Africa, namely, simple or r.onir.fective, and infective, especially their radiological distinctions and characteristics. He remarks that "the pottery worker in gen eral tends to acquire a Soft type of silicosis, with less nodulation than stone masons in South Africa, but many exceptions also occur." Twelve cases are full, described with radiological reproductions for each. There is no one silicosis 03117874 References to Recent Literature - 4 r*. o r- (9 type for a given occupation, and the picture may vary greatly for the same ex- posure. The previous occurrence of weakening respiratory diseases such as acut^ bronchitis, influenza dnd pneumonia, causes the lung parenchyma to succumb te co the inhalation of silicosis-producing dust. J/. 710 SILICOSIS IN THE POTTERY INDUSTRY. J. F. Bromley. Brit. J. Radiol. 11, 345-53 (1958). o . This paper is a thorough discussion of the British pottery industry and its silicosis hazards. Free silica in the form of finely divided flint is used ex tensively and constitutes the principal silicosis hazard. Some of the 3ilica combinations, however, in kaolin, china clay, Cornish stone, and other materials, may modify the radiological picture of the typical free silica risks. The dry crushing process is especially hazardous; dry preparation of powdered flint du3t for bedding material constitutes a serious risk. The dry earthenware body presents a special source of danger, its dried scrape giving rise to a dust com posed of about one-third flint, and the risk is increased by leaving the scraps all over the floor, benches and ovens. The caster, exposed to this dust, usually develops silicosis in about 20 years. The pottery industry as a whole comprises about 60 separate occupations, in 30 of which the worker is exposed to free sili ca dust, either as pure flint or in a mixture. The general classes of occupation exposed to silicosis are the following: (l) millers and mill laborers; () slip makers; (3) workers in the potters' shop; (4) mold makers and (5) various labor ers who are incidentally in dusty departments. Numerous risks are eliminated by improved exhaust ventilation and by more vigorous supervision of the uses of flint. There are methods of preventing shrinking after firing without the use of flint, but potters are unwilling to use them and the public would not be sat isfied with flint-free ware of particular types. The most serious risks are in bedding of biscuit ware in powdered flint and in the preparation of the flint by crushing. Death has occurred in 3 years after work in a dry crushing mill; the signs are marked in all china biscuit placers in 15 years. The recent depression, has increased the number of polishers exposed, because some ware has been worked up by polishing instead of being discarded. If an efficient substitute for bed ding flint were discovered, the silicosis risk would be almost entirely banished from the china potters' shop. (Other authors have mentioned the successful use of alumina for this purpose.) 711 CONTROL SILICA DUST aND SAND GRADATION PROBLEMS. PRODUCING AGGREGATES FOR HIWASSEE DAM. Rock Prod. 29-35 (September 1938). The construction of the Hiwassee dam in North Carolina, recently begun, is the first case in which the T.V.A. has worked in silica rock. A portion of this article describee the methods used to protect workmen from dust. The plant com prises the quarry, the primary crushing plant, the secondaiy crushing and screen ing equipment, the sizing screens and storage, and the stone sand classifying plant. In the quarry, wet drilling is used exclusively, and workmen stationed in the quarry for any length of time are required to wear respirators. In the * primary crusher, the rock is wet at intervals, and discharging point of the crusher to the belt conveyor is housed and exhausted. The building containing the screens is completely ewclosed, as are also the screens individually, and adequate exhaust systems are used with distant points of discharge. The dust counts are now below 5 million particles per cubic foot at all places where oper ators are stationed, and further reductions at some points are anticipated. All workmen are examined and x-rayed every 6 months as a check on the efficiency of iust control measures. The remainder of the paper deals with improvements in quarry operation affecting the shape of the sand particles, and control of sizing 03117875 53 's"r , References to Recent Literature - 5 712 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF QUARTZ (FREE SILICA) IN DUSTS. E. Kaplan and W. T. Fales. Ind. & Eng. Chenu Anal. Ed. 338 (July 5, 1938). The writers propose the application of the compound interest law to determine the rate of loss of silica in the Knopf (hydrofluosilicic acid) and the Line and Aradine (fluoboric acid) methods for the determination of free silica. By applying Knopf's factor of 0.1% loss per day and Line ond Aradine's factor of 0.34% loss per day to the mathematical formula derived from the compound inter est law, the writers calculate the total free silica loss for any number of days. The chief difficulty with this procedure is that the factor of rate of loss is not constant, but varies widely with different particle sizes as has been demon strated by Moke-nd Harris. 713 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE QUESTION OF INDUSTRIAL CANCER OF ASBESTOS WORKERS. F. Hornig. Ztschr. f. Krebsforsch. 231-7 (1938). (German). A 35 year old woman who worked in an asbestos factory from 1919 to 1928 fell ill of asbestosis. In 1937 a sharply defined shadow was seen roentgenographically in the upper left lobe. This shadow was considered by the author to be a car cinoma and in the decision on the case, a causal relation between the presence of asbestosis and the development of carcinoma was accepted. The correct diag nosis of carcinoma was confirmed on atuopsy, 714 THE INDUSTRIAL CANCER OF WORKERS IN ASBESTOS. M. Nordmann. Ztschr. Krebaforch. 47, 288-302 (1938). The author describes 6 cases of asbestosis with lung carcinoma, of which 5 were squamous carcinoma with homification and the other an adenocarcinoma* Moat of the cases were younger than the average case of lung cancer. The exposure to asbestos had lasted 7 to 21 years, and had begun 15 to 20 years before observa tion of the carcinoma, witn the exception of .an elderly woman who had only an exposure of 19 months, 1? years before observation, and who had a high degree of asbestosis. What property of asbestos is responsible for the cancer devel-- oping on the groundwork of asbestosis is not yet known, but there may be in asbestos so-called carcinogenic substances. 715 TZSTS OF A BARRIER USING ROCK DUST IN PAPER BAGS. H. P, Greenwald and H. C. Howarth, U.S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Investigations No. 3411, 16 pp., (August 1938), Obtainable free from Division of Information, U.S, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. A recently developed method of explosion barrier is tested by the Bureau. The method consists in dusting with limestone placed in paper bags which are mount ed on posts in trackless entries. The bags are mounted in such a way as to be automatically opened by the shock waves in advance of an explosion and complete description is given of the technique used. The ten tests made were successful in every case but one. They are described as cheaper than those methods recom mended in their Bulletin No. 353 but are not recommended for entries provided with track. The limestone used is especially treated to increase resistance t moisture. 716 HOME OBSERVATIONS ON COAL-MINE FANS AND COaL-MINE VENTILATION. D. Harrington and E. H. Denny. U.S. Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No, 7032, 20 pp. (August 1938). Obtainable free from Division of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Ventilation is one of the most important single operations in mining for pro tecting lives and in promoting efficiency of operation. During 1932 and 1955 inclusive, the explosion record in coal-mines v/as very good but during 1937 and 1938 experience has been bad, and it is suggested that the cause may be due 03117876 HHBfi-0007973 i^l j)W ( KiiBS-360797<t References to Recent Literature - 6 ~ / largely to the overlooking of the ventilation requirements. This bulletin pre sents a summary of important considerations in ventilation including a reviewof state and federal laws and an explanation of the requirements. Thirty-two recommendations are listed. The record shows that most destructive explosions occur in "non-gassyM mines and the dangerous conditions may develop on short notice from seemingly unhazardous mines, 717 PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC DUST. Herbert Friess. Gasmaske i, 29-34 (1938). (German). The paper describes a method for producing dust of a size that is uniform, re producible and significant from the standpoint of industrial hygiene, for in stance in investigations of dust filters. Water vapor is allowedto react upon thv vapor of certain metallic chlorides, producing the metal oxide dust and hydrochloric acid, which is absorbed by activated charcoal. Titanium chloride was used in the experiments. The particles of titanium dioxide were 1 micron and less in size and had a definite crystal form. The dust could be reproduced in any desired amount. 718 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. THE PLAN AND SCOPE OF THE INTEREST OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIA TION OF MANUFACTURERS IN THIS FIELD. Victor G. Heiser, Ind. Med, X, 641-5 (September 1938). , In this article, Dr. Heiser tells of the objects of the newly organized Committee on Healthful Working Conditions. The aims are to learn of the best practice* now in use and help coordinate them to a more general application. Fro* the standpoint of the industrial doctor, it is stated that not only becau** of a. dazr's medical knowledge but also because of his knowledge of husan nature, it is expected that his activities will be greatly enlarged within the next five or ten years. 719 THE CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY--A RESPONSIBILITY AND A PROFIT, C. D. . Selby, Medical Consultant, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. Presented before National Tuberculosis Assoc., Los Angeles, Calif., June 23, 1938, Copies obtain able from author. Tuberculosis is not an occupational disease, but its prevention may become indus try's most important health problem for the following reasons* (1; tuberculosis is a terminal infection in silicosis; (2) there is a tendency to assume that dusi aggravates tuberculosis; and (3) tuberculosis is more prevalent than the occu pational diseases. On the last point, in the group studied by the author, the number of individuals who lost time on account of occupational disease* wa* 1,3 per 10,000 workers against 40 per 10,000 who have active lesions. The time lost from occupational diseases was 1 day per million hours' work. Industry can act as a case-finding agency, protect workmen with open cases within the plant*, and safeguard workmen against conditions of employment that might accelerate minimal lesions or aggravate quiescent ones, but it cannot control outside causes even though the employee group is affected. So far as industry is concerned, the sound long range program is to clear the plants of tuberculosis and to keep them clear. These considerations lead to a health maintenance program which the author proposes, not only for prevention of tuberculosis, but to include preven tion of all possible hazards. This program includes procedures for control of* (1) sources of disease in the plant; (2) diseases in the workmen; and (3) dis abilities. Under the first heading, the doctor is called the health officer of the plant, with the duty of locating and identifying exposures, determining thei: importance, and initiating and maintaining control. In control of diseasee, the doctor is responsible for detection of physical impairments and diseases and 03117877 H iit(6 -tfi)0 7 9 7 `> References to Recent Literature - 7 "determination of their significance as actual or possible sources of disabili treating them if of occupational origin, and merely reporting his findings to the workmen if the disease is non-occupational, His duties include the follow ing types of physical examinations: pre-employment, transfer, periodical, re entrance, and requested, h'e may be consulted on ailments that may or may not be related to occupation, and should conduct such consultation as if he were in private practice, but must not infringe upon the rights of the family physician. He should keep records of all examinations, consultations, reports and other in formation. In controlling disabilities, he should support his opinions and decisions by recognized counsel rather than carry the whole load. The decrease of 5.5% that has already occurred in the tuberculosis death rate is cited as showing that industry can help in its further reduction. 720 NEED FOR NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM, U.S. Monthly Labor Review 46, 1369-75 (June 1938). According to a report submitted to The President by the Technical Committee on Medical Care, the annual cost of illness and premature death in the United States amounts to approximately 10 billion dollars. It is also estimated that on an average day 4 millions or more are disabled by illness and each year 70 million lose, through illness, more than 1 billion days from work. It is stated that as a nation, we are doing vastly less to prevent suffering and preserve health than we know how to do through tried and tested methods. 721 RELATIONSHIP Of INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE TO PRIVATE PRACTICE. C. D. Selby, M. D,, Medical -.sultant, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. Presented before Section on Industrial Medicine and Surgery, N. Y. State Medical Society* May 12, 1938. Copies obtainable from author. There are 5 classes of physicians practicing in relation to industry, full-time, part-time and on call. The last 2 groups are general practitioners or special ists, only incidentally serving in industry, and can be regarded as private . practitioners, although they furnish service to about 85% of the industrial establishments in the United States. The basic function of industrial medicine, as exemplified by the first group, is health maintenance or preventive medicine. This function comprises industrial hygiene, physical supervision and therapy. Ir industrial hygiene, the plant physician assists the management in protecting the workmen against occupational diseases and diagnoses such diseases. The private practitioner in industry, if he is to fulfill those functions to any extent, must offer advice on hygiene problems or have information on where it can be obtained. In making diagnoses, he must inform himself on the patient*s history. In physical supervision, the plant physician must make decisions as to the faett of exposure and of physical condition, and to refer non-industrial cases to pri vate physicians. Regarding therapy, regular industrial physicians are moving steadily from surgery to preventive medicine, leaving them dependent upon con sultants who are in reality private practitioners. The plant physician, there fore, acts as a case-finding agency, (except in occupational disease cases,' which are infrequent). This trend of industrial medicine to ally itself with private practice should be encouraged. The real problem is the private practi tioner in industry, the inadequacy of his service and the competition engendered with private practice. Attention is called for reforms suggested by Dr, R. G. Leland (our abstract No. 407, 1937), -including among others: (l) recognition of a three fold function of medicine, public health administration, plant con trol, and care of sick and injured workmen; (2) acceptance of the expert in in dustrial health control as a specialist in medical practice; (3) formulation of criteria tc determine whether certain diseases are occupational; and (4) study to accomplish a reconciliation of divergent views on choice of a physician. 03117878 o__ <c References to Recent Literature - 8 722 FU2LIG HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. J. J. Buchan and D. Stewart* (2 papers). Publ. Health 51, 163-6 (1938). This paper by a 3ritish health officer and a factory doctor cover the same gen eral field as the paper by Sayers and Bloomfield abstracted here, in urging cooperation in the preservation of health of workers and not merely prevention of occupational diseases. 723 PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS CF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, R. R, Sayers and J, J, Bloomfield. J. .Am, Med. Assoc. 111. 679-83 (August 20, 1938). The authors discuss industrial hygiene as the science of the preservation of the health of workers, and relate the progress made in recent years. More attention is being given occupational diseases than any other phase of the problem, but occupational diseases account for only 8 per cent of the 2 million working hours of lost time due to compensation cases alonu in 1935. On the other hand, ill ness causes 15 times as much absenteeism as do industrial injuries. A suggested program includes, first, obtaining complete statistics on illness of workers, followed by a study of particular industries, and finally definite recommendation for control of existing or potential health hazards. This program involves cooperation of state ana local authorities, other physicians and industrialists. 724 WHAT EVERY HEALTH OFFICER SHOULD KNOW. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Leverett D. Bristol. Am.. J. Pub. Health 28, 1080-2 (September 1938). Ihis paper is one of a series presented at the Health Officers Section of the American Public Health Association at its annual meeting. Dr. Bristol outlines the principal developments, of which the health officer should be aware. They . include: the organization and administration of several federal and state agen cies* the demand for trained personnel* the extent to which state laws for occu pational disease compensation have been enacted, including the states in which reporting of cases of occupational disease is required* industrial health apprair al* the organized research that is now being conducted* the Section of Industrial Hygiene of the American Public Health Association* and the results of the work cn aluminum as a protector dust. 725 THE PHYSICIAN IN INDUSTRY. A. D. Lazenby. Ind. Med* 593-8 (September 1938). This paper is an excellent discussion of the industrial physician, not only as to his relation to industry but to his relation to national health as well. The author brings out the developments in the medical profession in recent years and the problem of the treatment of the large wage earning class of industrial work ers. He cites the need for better understanding of the problem by the medical profession as a whole so that their much needed cooperation can be obtained.The . field of industrial medicine is indeed growing and offers -in opportunity for scientific study and advancement of the profession. 726 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MEDIC.-i SCHOOL DEPAflKENT OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Fred Frits. Ind. Med. 2 576-7 (September 1938). About 2 years ago, in conjunction with the executives .and medical departments of a group of industries, the Medical School established a Department of Occupa tional Disease. Their program, founded on practicability, includes research, case history studies, undergraduate and graduate instruction, and clinical study. The department conducts an annual occupational disease symposium. 727 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES .-.NT. BUSINESS CONDITIONS. M. D. Kossoris. Labor Inform. Bull. _5, 12-13 (June 1358). The accident frequency rises and falls with employment, The author believes this may bo due to several factors; one, that older ana more experienced employ ees are kept or. payrolls in bad times *nd it is the younger, more inexperienced 03117879 HWBB-0007976 86-00079/ References to Recent Literature - 9 who are most prone to accidents, Also, during slack periods, only the most efficient equipment is used and it is usually the safest. It is possible, too, that during a depression, injuries are not reported to *s large an extent be cause of lost time and pay. The problem is, however, one of assiduous safety training of new and rehired men. 728 SICKNESS AND ABSENTEEISM AND MORTALITY IN MEMBER CEMENT PLANTS, 1937. a. J. R, Curtis.- Portland Cement Assoc., Chicago, 111. (June 1938). In this ZZ page mimeographed report, sickness absenteeism of 81 cement plants is analysed and compared with similar data for 1937 by the U. S. Public Health Ser vice. The report shows that the health of employees in the cement industry is comparable to that of any group of the same economic status. No correlation was found between the illness rate and degree of exposure to operating conditions in the plants. The death rate for tuberculosis was 0.07 per 1,000 which is 8$ lower than that given by the National Tuberculosis Association for employed males from the 1930 U. S. Census. 729 FREQUENCY CF DISABLING ILLNESS AMONG INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES DURING 1932-37 AND THE FIRST QUARTER OF 1938. William M. Gafafer and Elizabeth D. Frasier. U. S. Pub. Health Repts. 53, 1562-71 (September 2, 1938). Obtainable from Supt. of 0 Documents, Washington, D. C., for 5 cents, cash. Records were obtained of cases of sickness and non-industrial injuries lasting 8 consecutive days or longer during 1937 for which benefits were paid to members of 29 industrial sick benefit, ssociations, representing a total of approximately 20,000 cases for 200,000 males and 2500 cases for 17,000 females. The exact fre quency of sickness and non-industrial injuries among males was 99.5 cases per 1000 as compared with 86,7 for 1932-36; for the females the corresponding rates were 151,1 for 1937 and 144.6 for 1932-36, Grippe and influenza were more preva lent in 1937 than in the average of 1932-36, 43$ greater in males and 18$ greater in females. There was also some indication among both sexes of an increasing trend in a number of other diseases and a decreasing trend in others, but the differences do not seem especially significant. This record is contrasted with __ other reports showing 1937 to be a low year in disease records, but it is pointed out that they are obtained from mortality statistics and indicate a low percent age of deaths, while the authors' figures refer to sickness and non-fatal injur ies only. The frequency rate for sickness and non-industrial injuries for the lot quarter (obtained for males only, 95.8 cases per 1000 males) was the lowest rate for that period since 1934. 730 DISCUSSION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS *ND DISEASES, REPORT OF 1937 CONVENTION. International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, York Harbor, Maine, U.S. Dept. Labor, Div. Labor Standards Bull. No. 17 (1938). The subjects covered were: legislative problems of the Workmen's Compensation Act, administration of an occupational disease law, problems of insurance, med ical subjects, safety and rehabilitation, and the business meeting. Two inter esting papers were those of Dr. Greenburg on the diagnosis of occupational dis- , ease and Mrs. Tousant on the choice of physicians by injured employees. Volun tary plans of insurance, the advantages and disadvantages of a State Fund, and details of Workmen's Compensation Act Administration are discussed at length. 731 COMPENSATION OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. A. Fell. Prosse med. pp. 763-4 (1938). (French). In the January 7, 1937 issue of Presse Medical, was published a list of about 100 industrial diseases that should be reported. The present list is of report able industrial diseases that should be made compensable. The French list is 03117880 ,^^ j = /- 000797 6 References tc Recent Literature - 10 unusual in that it includes not only the disease itself (e.g. lead poisoning) but also forms of it that are covered by insurance (e.g. lead colic, lead rheu matism, etc.), md the occupations and industries in which those clinical symtorai complexes are compensated. The method by which industrial diseases are reporters and compensated is given and the forms used. * 722 V/OMEN IN INDUSTRY. M, H. Kronenberg. Ind. Med. Z. 569-75 (September 1930). '.Yemen have always been employed in industry and their numbers and extent of em ployment has steadily been increasing. They present a separate problem which cannot be overlooked. Two important aspects of the situation are: (l) that women are known tc be more susceptible to industrial poisons (a3 lead and benzol) than are men and (2) that, care must be used in their employment both before and after childbirth, often a serious consideration. In general, they require better health provisions than do men. 733 THE ENGINEER'S PLACE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Warren ... Cook. Ind. Med. 7, 551-5 (September 1328). In this paper, addressed particularly to plant engineers, the author tells of their problems, together -rith suggestions as to their activities. One of them is tc be thoroughly acquainted with all materials used in the plant and to be informed on their possible toxic effects. He should be informed as to sources of information if he does not have the services of a plant physician. When the hazards are known it is sometimes net a difficult matter to change the process in some way or to install methods to reduce the hazards. Most industrial states have industrial hygiene departments which are usually the most available source cf information. 734 INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION, CENTRIFUGAL EXHAUST FANS. John L. Aldan. Heat. & Vent. .35, 6C-4 (September 1933). See note on Abstract No. 524 in our July bulletin. Because fans arc rated in different terms by different manufacturers it is necesa ary to understand the basic considerations in order tc make comparisons. Velocit-- pressure, static pressure and impact pressure are defined, discussed and shown graphically in a clear manner. Power consumption, `effect of density on power, and general performance curves are discussed and shown graphically as are also speed, fan size, fan types, wheel types and fan drives. The most common type of fan used in industrial exhaust ventilation is the planing mill exhauster, a heavy rugged fan built to withstand abuse. Most manufacturers build both "stan dard" and "slow speed" types and the author discusses items to consider in se lecting one or the other. "Slow speed" fans are larger, more expensive to oper ate. Noise and vibration, two objectionable features cf fans, are very diffi cult to eliminate. Checking static and dynamic balance or insulation may reduce vibration but it is thought that the noise is caused by the passage of the blades past the cut-off in the casing. The possibilities of adapting fans to use as dust separators is briefly discussed. Centrifugal inertia concentrates particles of different sizes which can be discharged into separate outlet cas ings or into compartments of the same casing. 735 INSPECTING TKo PLANT FOR HEALTH HAZARDS, Milton H, Kronenberg. Nat. Safety News 361, 33-4 78-9 (August 1938). a complete plant inspection comprises 3 phases: (1) the preliminary or visual survey; (2) an exact quantitative study of the potentialities revealed by the preliminary study; and (3) an occupational morbidity and mortality study. The scope, methods and value of each are discussed. The responsibilities of the man agement, the physician, the engineer, .the supervisor, the employee, the nurse, and the safety director, in applying the results of a survey and in maintaining good conditions are indicated. 031178S1 HHBB-0007979 References to Recent Literature - 11 736 AIR CONDITIONING IN RELATION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. W. H. Carrier. Ind. Med. 7, 563-9 (September 1938). Air conditioning was first developed in industry to maintain certain conditions required, in- the manufacture of hygroscopic products, such as textiles, tobacco and chocolate. Its principles were soon extended to controlling conditions for human comfort. In those industries in which air conditioning was installed prim arily for control of product, it has been found that the conditions were also beneficial tc the workers. Numerous examples are cited in which control of tem peratures and numidities has resulted in better health* greater efficiency, better morale, and decreased illness. This, together with scientific research on optimum conditions, makes air conditioning an important feature of industrial hygiene. 737 A TEST METHOD FOR AIT. FILTERS. Richard S. Dill, U.S. Bureau of Standards, Wash ington, D. C. Heating, Piping & Air Cond. 1, 549-51 (august 1938). The procedure for testing air filters in use by the Bureau of Standards is des cribed, with mechanical details. 758 AIR FILTER. PERFORMANCE AS AFFECTED BY KIND OF DUST, RATE OF DUST FEED AND AIR VELOCITY THROUGH FILTER. Frank B. Rowley and Richard C. Jordan. Heating* Pip ing k .dr Cond, 1, 539-48 (August 1938). Reprints exhausted. A tentative code for testing air filters was adopted by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers in 1935, but there were a number of controvers ial points undecided at that time. The investigation reported was for the pur pose of settling some of those points, including methods of measuring dust con centrations, preparation of a suitable synthetic dust mixture, maximum dust con centration r.ot affecting performance of the filter, and choice of representative air velocity through the filter. Experimental details, conclusions and points on which further investigation is needed, are presented. 739 PROGRESS IN DUST PROTECTION. Heinz Eisenbarth, Gasmaske l&t 35-8 (1938). (German). The construction of dust filters manufactured by the Auer Company in Germany is described and illustrated by photographs and drawings. 740 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FEATURES TWO-STORY FOUNDRY. Pat Dwyer. Foundry 6, 22-4 54-9 (September 1938). Improvements made in the foundry department of the Otis Elevator Company* s plant at Yonkers, N.Y., are described end illustrated by a number of photographs. All phases of good housekeeping have been considered, including the installation of exhaust apparatus of various types and manufacture. 741 HURON ELIMINATES DUST IN BaG HOUSE .-.ND BULK LOADING. Rock Prod. 41. 53 (Septem ber 1938), In the plant of the Huron Portland Cement Co., at Detroit, dust is largely elim inated from the bag house by the use of a perforated table top on which the bags are sorted. The top contains about 4000 holes and is connected to a hopper and down drift exhaust leading to a dust collector on the floor below. A similar perforated top is used in the bag repair room, also equipped with a slot which draws a continuous curtain of air past the operator's face. A suction'system applicable to loading of either box or hopper cars is also described. 03117882 rfSfBB-000798 References to Recent Literature - 12 (C) Paners on. Industrial Poisons. Cancer. Dermatitis. etc. 742 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS OF THE nTMOSPHERE IN MINES ;VT GREAT DEPTHS J. H. Dobson and ff. A. Walker. Colliery Guardian 157. 255-40 (August 5t 1938) This is a discussion of humidity and temperature conditions in deep nines fron the engineering and mathematical standpoints, with brief statements of v/hat ha been accomplished in South Africa and what may be expected in the future. Among the conclusions derived by the authors is the superiority of water or brine ever _ir as a medium to convey cosiness to the points desired. Another is the impor tance of determining the exact location of the regions in the mine requiring priority treatment, and confining the cooling to places of actual work. All in dications point to bringing mining operations up to depths of 10,000 feet and over, within the pale of economic practicability zo far is mine cooling is con cerned, thus tending to prolong the lives of existing mines by many years and greatly increasing the prospects of newer mining areas. 743 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF PROLONGED MUSCULAR WORK. E. '.ndrieu and G. Trechinos. Travail humain 6>, 11-38 (1938). (French), The authors investigated changes in respiration and circulation when hard work is carried out in the morning after sleep and when the some work is done in the evening after ?. work day. After discussing the literature, the authors write of theircwn experiments which were made by two medical students on a treadwheel. One of the students was used to cycling, the other had never done much, although this apparently made little difference in the experiments. The results showed that hypervenilaticn of the lung was marked during fatigue, also vital capacity, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide given off. Acceleration of the heart dur ing work in a fatigued condition is slight, blood pressure lowered. 744 THE PEPMIESI3LE WORKING TIME IN HIGH TEMPERATURES .-JIB HUMIDITIES. 0. Ehrismann ana A. Hasse. Arch. f. Gewerbepith. u. Gewc-rbehyg. 8., 611-38 (1938). (German), The authors made experiments in a conditioned room of the Berlin Hygienic Insti tute to test the effect of temperature and air humidity on capacity and skin persoiratior.. Air notion was kept low to simulate conditions in mines and the * results were to bo used as a basis for laws covering hours of work in mines. One skilled miner and two students served as subjects. The results are present ed in a number of charts and tables. It was found that the effective temper ature of Yaglou and his collaborators was better suited to determine the capa city threshold than the Kata thermometer. Taking 60$ of the original capacity as the point where a decrease in work time is necessary, the authors conclude that 25C wet bulb constitute the upper limit for the normal working time. Skin perspiration varies widely and its behavior is not reproduced regularly by the dry or wet Kata value; also agreement with the effective temperature is not pre dictable. 745 THE NEED FOR PROLONGED ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IN DROWNING, ASPHXIATI0N AND ELECTRIC SHOCK. G. Gates, R. E. Gaby ind W, Machlachlan. Canadian Med. Assoc. J. 39, 120-3 Uugust 1938), In this short article the authors cite several examples of persons who have been revived by persistant efforts of life savers administering artificial res piration. Several persons who had been under water for periods of 9 to 25 min utes were saved. There is a classic case of a man who received an electric sho** of 26,000 volts and was revived after 3 hours work by his rescuers. Great emphasis is laid on the need for immediate application of artificial respiratio: The second point emphasized is that arti ^ al respiration must be continued until the body has grown cold or rigor mortis sets in. A victim can frequently bo saved even though no heart beat, pulse or respiration can be detected by a physician. 03117883 References to f.ecent Literature - IS 746 SOIL CKJUCmiSnCS IN' RELATION 10 MSIaSCE FROM XSWStRId, CENTERS. M. ao McCool and .a. Mehlich. Contrib, Boyce Thompson Inst. 9,, 353-69 (1958). ReprintjC I av^il^ble from Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 1086 North BroadwayS Yonkers, N. Y. ix>il from near the industrial centers of Philadelphia and St. Louis ^nd vicin ities was analyzed so as to obtain a possible correlation of soil content with quantity of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Natural fumigations of the order* of magnitude studied canned no appreciable .-.Iteration in the- soil character:sties .s indicated by t.. H values, titratable acidity, base-exchange capacity, replace able calcium ..nd magnesium, sulfur content and percentage of s-'nd, silt and clay o . of soil. The slight ccilul.ition of certain soils tested is much less than the .cidulation due to natural processes in the soil and could be overcome by lime. It is evident from the results that soils about centers of considerable sulfur dioxide production, like St, Louis, h've not been noticeably altered in spite f many years of exposure. 747 NITROGEN .d!D SULFUR CONTENTS OF LEAVES WITHIN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM INEJSTnI.iL CENTERS. '.1. M, McCool ana Arnold N, Johnson. Contrib. Boyce Thomp son Inst. 3, C71-S0 (1938) . See note on preceding abstract. In addition to the investigations on soil characteristics, observations were nc.du on growth conditions of /ogetution in the Camden, N. J,, East St. Louis, 111., and St. Louis, Mo., regions. Nitrogen, total sulfur and sulfate sulfur were determined in leaves of several plants, varying from small weeds to trees. The tct.l and sulfate sulfur contents were then correlated with distance from the industrial center. Nearly all the tests with the same plant on the same soil showed a slight decrease in sulfur content with increase in distance, in most cases too small to be significant, but when they are considered ns a whole, the preponderance of results in the same direction indicates slight but definite correlation. Other tests have show:, that the sulfur content of plants may be increased greatly without injury. There was no relationship between total sul fur content and amount of nitrogen in the leaves. 748 CONTROLLING LiUD EXPOSURE. R. rt. Kehoe. Nat. Safety News 3, 54-6, 80-2 " {September 1938). Although improved methods of protection have led to ?. decline in the death rate from lead poisoning, hygienic conditions are still bad in many small plants. It is unnecessary to nvJce sweeping changes to secure adequate protection. An over- wr.elming proportion of cases of industrial lead poisoning is due to inhaled lead, md atmospheric lead snould be determined where there is suspected exposure. Study of absorption and elimination of lead in the body give i reliable clue to the extent of poisoning. Dangerous lead absorption sometimes occurs ns the re suit of apparently insignificant changes in technical procedures. The indus trial physician should look for sources of exposure r.ther than confine himself to the treatment of cases. The S3fe limits of exposure are not fully known, but there is apparently a point below which lead is eliminated as fast as it is take into tne system. 749 METHOD FOR THE if J.YSI3 OF DUST ,JJD FUMES FOR LEAD .lND ZINC. Samuel Moskowita and rVillir.n J. Burke, Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y, State Dept, of Labor, 60 Centre St., New York City, J. Ir.d. Hyg. & Toxicol. 2), 457-64 (September 1938), Reprints obtainable from senior author. ' Dithizono is tae best reagent known for the estimation of lead '.nd zinc in small quantities. The methods used are two involving colorimetric comparison and one in which titration ic used. The authors favor the titration method, especially when cnly few s-jnples are to be analyzed. Their method consists in the extrac tion cf the metal as a lithizone complex, removing the excess dithizone reagent, 03117884 5T\ i <c References to Recent Literature - 14 decomposing the complex, and titrating the liberated dithizone against a stan dard lead nitrate solution. By suitable manipulation, lead ar.Q zinc can be determined in the same sample. Analyses of solutions with known amounts of lead and zinc disclose the precision of the method to bv 0.001 mg. when less than 0.050 mg. of the metal3 is present in the original sample. Directions are given for avoiding interference by copper, tin and bismuth, 750 THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEaD ARSENaTE IN MAN. Lawrence T. Fairhall and Paul A.- Neal. U. S. Pub. Health Repts. 53, 1231-45 (July 1938). Obtunable from Supt, of Documents, Washington, D. C., for 5 cents, cash. investigation was undertaken in order to determine so far `is possible, (1) the extent to which lead arsenate is absorbed, (7) the route by 'which the absorb ed material is eliminated from the system, (3) the systemic effect of snail .mounts on man, and (4) the effect of ingested ammonium chloride plus a low calcium diet on possible storage following ingestion of lead arsenate. On account of the necessary careful experiment-1 control, only human experimenta tion could be used. Sv.ch of two men ingested 100 mg. af lead arsenate over a period of 10 days while on a controlled diet. The degree of absorption, path of excretion and toxicity of the dosage were evaluated. Variations of the cal cium content of the diet and the effect of change in hydrogen ion concentration as induced by ammonium chloride we:rc noted. One significant fact is the extent to which lead arsenate is broken down within the human urganism. The lead largely excreted in the feces whereas the arsenic is almost completely elimin ated in the urine. A second fact of significance is that by careful physical examination and medical observation throughout, no evidence of injury to the two individuals from the ingestion of 100 mg. of lead arsenate taken over a period of 10 days was apparent. This result inflies nothing as to the possi bility of toxicity from massive doses or from the diily ingestion of snail amounts over longer periods. The effect of the ingested ammonium chloride and low cilcium diet upon the lead output was not as great as was .anticipated and no simple definite conclusions can be drawn. The difference in the paths of excretion followed by the arsenic and lead shows that complete solution of lead arsenate occurs at some stages in passing through the intestinal tract. ' 751 RELATION 3ET.TEEN LEaD POISONING, VASCULAR CHANGES AND PORPHYRIa. J. Putnoky and St. Sumegi. Arch. f. Gewerfcepath. u, Gewerbehyg. 570-90 (1938). (German). The authors experimented on white rats in which they induced a subacute lead poisoning (death within 2 to 4 weeks). The blood pressure changes were not striking, both rise and fall were noted, adrenalin sensitivity was increased, usually as the period of poisoning progressed. At autopsy, they found not only a normal porphyrin content in the gastro-intestinal tract but also porphyrin in kidneys and bone marrow. A temporary concurrence of porphyrinuria and increased adrenalin sensitivity was found. 752 * LEaD ANALYSES OF HaIR a :JJ INDICATION OF EXPOSURE TO LEAD, Joseph L. Melnick and George R. Cowgill. J, Soc, Exptl. Biol, Med, , 999-902 (1938), The administration of lead salts to young white rats did not lend to an in creased amount of the met_l in the hair. In man *. high lead concentration in the hair indicates that the individual was exposed to a high concentration of lead dust. 753 CaRBON MONOXIDE HE.tD.iCHt, AND aNOXEMI.i. May R. Mayers, Ind. Bull. XLt 317 (July 1938). Obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y, State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St,, New York City. It is generally agreed that most of the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning can be attributed to anoxemia, due to the depletion of blood and tissue ojqrgen by 03117885 HUBB-060798'' References to Recent Literature - 15 the carbon monoxide. It has also been assumed that carbon monoxide headache caused by edema of the brain resulting from anoxemia. Dr. Mayers presents argijjg ments against the latter assumption showing that the characteristic headache i$s experienced when the concentration of carbon monoxide is toe low to produce se*B ious anoxemia, and that other causes of anoxemia, such as ascent tc high alti-2 tudes, do not cause similar headaches. Shv suggests that the known greater toae icities of mixtures of carbon monoxide may to some extent account for the head ache, and urges further study of poisoning by low concentrations of carbon mon oxide . 754 C.vRBON MONOXIDE PSEUDO-HiMOGLOEIN, THE LhTE DETECTION OF CaKBON MONOXIDE POISON ING *ND CARBON MONOXIDE EFFECT ON THE 0RGNI5M. G. Barkan. Dtsh. mod. Wchnschr. 64, 656-40 (1938), (German). Psuedo-'nemoglobins .re intermediates in tho course of physiological conversion of the tlcod pigment into bile pigment. They accompany the real blood pigment in amounts of 5$o of hemoglobin. The iron in it is easily split off. The "relative carbon monoxide affinity" of psuedc-hcmoglobin is significantly great er thin that of hemoglobin. In tho action of carbon monoxide, the checking of the total iron splitting off from the blood, in dilute acid, is really signifi cant. This condition serves as a useful diagnostic iid in carbon monoxide poisoning; perhaps pathogenic action is also involved and con contribute to the understanding of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. 755 GadES FROM Cc\3QM ,\RCS$ ESSENCE OF OZONE. R, W, Coltman and H, G. MacPherson. Research Laboratories, Nition-1 0 .rbon Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. J, Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol. 90, 465-7 (September 1936). Reprints probably obtainable from senior author. Ir. the surlier work of the authors and collaborators, tho possibility of the. presence of ozone in the combustion products of carbon arcs was discussed. Other investigators had apparently detected th- presence of a small quantity of o2one. The authors point aut a source of inaccuracy in the experiments, in that nitro gen peroxide is not removed efficiently by an alkaline permanganate solution. In experiments in which the gases were condensed under liquid air, evaporated " fraction illy, and examined spectroscopically, it was shown that no ozone was present. Its absence is also shown by spectroscopic examination of the mixed gases, as well as strongly indicated on theoretical grounds. 756 POLLUTION OF iIR BY DIESEL ENGINES, M .urin ind a. Kling. Rev. potrolifero No. 766, 49-55 (1938), (French), The carbon monoxide content In the exh oist g^s of Diesel engines is very low (0.3--0.5%), at most 1.5# through intention . maladjustments of the engine. The ...mount of smoke and its odor are lu-ss at full load than under part load. Un burnt solids and liquids are always present in the oxh.-ust, being in the form of lubricating oil, organic acids, aldehydes, and oxides of sulfur. Purification e' y means of a water bath 'aid cyclone-typo sepirator in series is cap-bio of eliminating .70 gm. (79#) out of 'SO /pa, of solids and liquids, the other 91# being removed with an activated c-.-.rbon filter. Addition of sodium carbonate or lime tc tho water bath is recommenced, 767 LEGIONS OF THE KIDNEYS AND LIVnK OF HhBBITo POISONED BY INH<iUTION OF CARBON iSTRr.CHXGKIDE VUlPOK. Pasteur V llcry-R-dot, G, M-uric, -\. Domnrt and Mile. G uthier-'/ill .rs. Cornpt. rend. soc. biol. lsb. 464-5 (1956). R debits were allowe-c to breathe ir containing Carbon tetr ichloride vapor under observation several weeks :-nd were finally examined for lesions of the kidneys, idr^mls and liver. The lesions -were quite variable. Prolonged ulbuminoria and urooili.nuria were nearly always produced. 03117688 references to Recent Literature - 16 KK8B-000798i 75d EXPERIMENTAL CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING IN THE CXi. I. INFLUENCE OF CAL CIUM ('iLMINISTRuIION. 1. Cintarow, Harold L. Stewart and David R. Morgan, J, Pharmacol. 63, 153-72 (1938). If 0.3 cc. carbon tetrachloride per kg. is injected subcutaneously, the mortal ity is about 3356. The hepatic lesions are described in detail. Repair is com plete in the survivors in about 14 days. In a group given 1 cc. of 10% calcium glucog ilactoglucon.atc daily after the carbon t-atr xhloridc, the mortality ?iS reduced.to h_lf and there was much less hep-tic cell disintegration r.d loss impairment of the functional activity of the Kupffe-r cells. St 759 HEALTH K*Z E .5 IN THE DRY-CLEWING INDUSTRY, a PRELLMIN:JtY REPORT OF .. SURVEY Of CRY-CLEWING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE DETROIT METROPOLIS aRE.4% Willi, ja H. Cury, Jr., and John M. Heplcr. dm. J. Pub. Health 28, 1029-41 (September 1938). Reprints probably obtainable from the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene, Dept of Health, Detroit, Mich. This is the report of a survey of dry-cleaning establishments in and near Detroit in vrhieh the city and state- Bureaus of Industrial Hygiene cooperated, .in in teresting description of the entire dry-cleaning process and 01 its historical development is included. At tne time th..t most of the present regulations were drawn, the only hazard was that of fire from gasoline, which was the usual sol vent. Avoidance of fire hazards h .s proceeded in two directions, namely, the use of higher boiling hydrocarbons -nd of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The latter substances are now used very extensively, and have introduced a toxic risk. On account of expense, those solvents must be reclaimed, and wholly or partly closed systems are used, but unsafe concentrations were often found in th survey Dermatitis, usually light, is disc common. Lists of spotting agents and f mothproofing -.gents iro included. M .ray of these also .involve h .zardous expo sures. Other hazards of the industry are unnatural postures, tecovitis, oxceesive humidity, moisture, heat nu carbon monoxide, but they ;re of minor signlfic-nco in comparison with vapor exposures. There is little legal regulation of the pro^ont h-.zirds of this industry, 760 CHLOR.iCETYLENE SOLVENTS. TOXICOLOGY OF TRICHLORETKYLENE OF WR.iCHLOIUSTH;^E. G.-.sq, Bull, tr-v, soc. phirm. 3orde. u, 75, 70-101 (1937). (French); Chimi et -- Industrie. 38., '101. (french). acute intoxication due to trichlorei.hy.lono m nifosts itself in many by narcosis nd loss of equilibrium -nd of sensitiveness. Postmortem ex min .tion shows a generalized congestion of all the orgvns. Chronic intoxic ;tion produces nervous disturb .ncus: paralysis of trigeminal .nd optic nerves .nd polyneuritis. The toxic dose h-.c not yet been definitely established, but it uould seem that a limit of 3 mg. per liter should Lo set as the maximum trichlorothylan concen tration of industrial atmospheres. Totr.chloreth.inc -.Iso produces narcosis. Its prolonged -ction manifests itself by g astric troubles and ictera, frequently severe. It acts also on the nervous system. Industrial atmospheres should not cent 'in more than 1 mg, tetrachloreth me per liter. 761 Cr.oE OF SEVERE .iCUTn NEPHRITIC FROM INH.X.JION OF C iRBON TdfiUCHLORIDE. Pasteur V .llery-R'.Jot, G. M -.uric and a. Donnart. Bull, et mum. Soc. Hop. .54, 803-9 (1938). (French). a woman who used c~rbon tutr-ehloriao j.t hor.10 for do ming, fell ill y/ith nausea, vomiting, b .ck. ache and oliguri* . On thv. lord and 24th days after the poisoning, she produced only 60 cc. urine (for the 2 d ays altogether). From the 6th day her condition had improved after injections of hypertonic sugar solution; the diuresis incr^'Sed gradu .lly. .J'ter month she left the hospit al and eventual ly v..s completely cured. In the discussion, Boidin reports on severe nephritides one fat.l, .:aong 5 young people who h .d spr .yea themselves, in a moment of exuber.nce, with . fire extinguisher containing carbon tetrachloride. 03117887 o_. < = References -o r.tCirr aiCer.c-re - _. 762 iRICRXORETKYLENE, Nation-.1 Safety Council, Industrial Data Sheet D-Cher.`-'7. Nat. Safety News 37, (March 1938). Obtainable from National Safety Council w by its members for 5 cents. The principal hazard cf trichlorethylene is that of poisoning by inhalation of its vapor. It does not normally decompose in the presence of water and of the common industrial metals. However, in contact with open flames, arcs, or ligh ea tobacco, the vapor decomposes with the formation of toxic and corrosive sub stances such us hydrochloric acid and phosgene. The vapor is toxic, but is le so than those of most other chlorinated Hydrocarbons. One state h"S set the maximum allowable concentration at 00 parts per million. It is believed that u concentr-tion detectable by odor constitutes a hsulth hazard. The action of trichlorethylene is apparently not comulitive, .nd under normal conditions .nd reasonable precautions, it nuy be used with safety. Its anesthetic effects are smilar to those of chloroform and carber. tetrachloride, but it does not seem tc Cause fatty degeneration of the liver. Temporary exposure tc high concentra tions his caused irritation and digestive disturbances, usually of short dura tion. Contact with the skin may cause it to be dry and or .eked, md .Iso pro duce the s .me effects 'S inhalation. In c se of poisoning, the patient must be removed to fresh air, ,nd artificial respiration with carbon dioxide-oxygon mixtures should bo administered if necessary, a physici in f-.Riliar with the treatment should to consulted, 765 C.10ES Of TRICHLORETHYLENE POIoONING WITH oPECIaL REFERENCE TO CHEMICAL CLEANING WORKS, K, Schiotz. Nordlsk Mtd. Tidsskr. 15, S08-13 (1938). (Norwegian). Described .re the extensive uses of this compound in industry, its importance in industrial hygiene, and also the usual clinical pictures presented in this form of poisoning. In the years 1932-35, only 4 cases of trichlorethylene and 2 cases of carbon tetrachloride poisoning have been notified to the Factory Inspection Board of Norway, Further investigations disclosed, however, that many cases had occurred but had not beer, reported. In 18 cleaning plants "tri11 poisoning w.-.s detected in 15 persons .nd 16 were found to have previously been poisoned one or more times. In most cases the poisoning v/ts slight although some of the symptoms found wer_- temporary dysarthria, loss of memory, narcomania (craving for trichlorethylene),emaciation and eczema. The usual symptoms were feeling cf inebriation and languor as well as sleepiness after the day's work, ~ Norwegian doctors _re now obliged to report cases of poisoning by halogenated hydrocarbons of the aliphatic series since they are included among the coopensibls occupational diseases, 764 TOXICITY OF ETHYLENE IMINE, J, P. Danchy and D. J. Pflaum. Ind. & Eng. Chem, J), 778 (July 193d). Doses of 0.05 gm. of ethylene iraine hydrochloride per kgm. of body weight causes death to guinea pigs in 10 hrs.,0.L015 gm. in 24 hours. The authors' experiences show that the vapors (concentrations not given) if inhaled for 2 to 3 minutes are definitely toxic to hun-ns. There .are no immediate symptoms but vomiting begins about 2 hours after exposure. Buccal epithelium becomes in flamed and edematus, and the eyes .re very much inflamed. After 1 or T days the symptoms disappear entirely. Two drops of the imine dissolved in 0.5 ml. water were injected into a cat. Within ai hour the hind quarters were paralyseand in 10 hours the animal aied, autopsy showed stomach and kidneys to be .Ik'.line in reaction. 765 PREVENTIVE .iCTION THERAPY tfITH LECITHIN -ND CHOLESTERIN IN ANILINE P0IS0HIK C. Bollesini, Med, del 1 -voro _^9, 104-16 (April 1938). (Italian). Experiment .1 studies on the p thology of acute .niline poisoning in rabbits are discussed. The results obtained indie-ta th't lecithin ;aad cholestrin are 03117888 ,--n Y^; References to Recqr.t Li tor- ture - 16 helpful. The author cl-inis that these substances by sore action neutr .line th effect of .niliue. eiiline vr r> given subcut meously in amounts of 1.5 gm,/kg. resulting in de .th to the animils. 736 ACUTE INTOXICATION -.11!-' <C`ILIN_ OIL. Giuseyoe Costrcvilli, R.so. red. '-ppl, 1 ivoro ind. 9, 107-15 (195c). (I b .1 i n) . description of c ce of ..cute ietoxic .tior. produced by n insecticide cor.t ir.ing <- -nd p-toluidine, The p. tior.t 7/.s tr-aitod with srbeut .r.eous injec tions of oxygen. 767 PRIMARY C*LC;ir& OF THE LUNGu Or MICt C*U>ED EY .HE LIGHTER OILc OF C0.--.L Andre Kiing, Nioi.ol.s Lartsonov/ and Mor/aerite Herts. Compt. rend, 006, 1/66-7C (193b) . ' -v p rticul.r light cool t..r oil, boiling ot 75-`''C0C, produced --.cute toxic symp tom^ when rubbed on tnc skin of mica. ".lien diluted 1 to 10 in Nujol it could be applied ropw-tr-.uly -/i trout Causing too c .ny server:- ittncks. In -n export- rent in which t.ic solution <v .s rubbed on the Lack* of 80 p.ic:- twice a week for ^ non the, o7 nice Succonco;1 -.iter pulaoir ry ir.fl .tja:; t.'.oti, the first pulmonary emo^r cppcirvd m 50 vc-cks, -.nd 15 of the c survivals died 1 .tor with pulmon ary c ncers. No skir. lesions -.ope rod. .i fluorescent substance obt .ined from the ail by chrorat >rr .pr.ic methods v.~ s identified .c berzopyreru.-. 763 BENZENE IN THE P.-.INT .-.NT V.^-CIIoH INEUoIRY. fdwr Moyer, f trb.> a. Luck. 1938, p.,16 (Gorman). Thiw revi omph..sizes preventive mc-osv.rvS for '.voiding poiscnlng by benzene* 769 HaZ:J-.Do INlIOENT.vL TO INGUbi'RI.iL UeEL CF NIi'ROCELLULOoE LaCaULnb, ffilliim J* 3urice .r.e Leonard J. Gold'/.tor. Inf. Bull. 17, ol-i-o (July iOoS). Reprints obt.inihle from Div. -_>f Ir.dustri 1 Hygiene, N.Y. otote Dept. of Labor, SO Centre So., Nov. Y-^rk City. ' The ordinary iiitrocollulvs-. l.-cquer contains 5 basic ingredients; (l) nitro cellulose, (2) solvents -'.nd diluents* (o) gums or rosins; (A) softeners or plasticizers; .no (5) pigments or coloring m-.tcri .1. The v*l tils ingredients - constitute .bout Q-\% by w-.-ight vf the tot 1, Each ingredient is discussed with reference tc its toxicity. The solvents include ostcr solvents, ketones -.nd others, ..nd the diluent?, which -.re not solvents in themselves comprise benzine (petrol-.;ur* n -ohth .), benzol or b>nzenc, toluol, xylol, solvent naphth i and ulco- iv-ls. Ek-rtz-nc, ethylene glycol -.nd tno lkyl glycol cot..tea arc the most poisonous of the substances whose; toxicity is known. The plasticizers, gumb one rosins ;:.- in general non-toxic under the conditions use. :vmong the pigments those c-r.t lining load iro th only ones tc be f*-ir'"i. Meet of the potential hazard, then, both in toxicity mu inflammability, irises fr-.r. the solvents -.nd ' diluents. The most effective mo..ns <.f cor.tr-.l of both fire at*v. health haz irds is adequate ventilation. Hose or presaur-,- t/pv r.^sks v\y be noeess.iry in -\ddi- tion to, but not .s -. substitute for propar vontil'.tion, V 'rious types re suggested, depending upon th-.- ;j..rticul r- proc<.so. The use of properly designed spray booths h-.s become the st.na-.rr. msthod far ventilating spray work. The three ty>-.e, th-.- cabinet, canopy .nd tunnel booths, moot varying conditions and the type v.nd details must be a.E it:/.! tv the j rticular oporation. Good h;use-- kjuping`is essv-nti -1, especi -.lly in viuw >? the fire hizard. :.CETIC Ad IE . Nation .1 Safety Council. Industri 1 b \t--. *ivut id--Clio::.. 19. N.t. S.fety 5o, do (eoptvrbcr 193C). Obt'.in.lle from N-tion.l Gafety Co'ancil cy its no;, bars at cents. The princ'p.l hiz.rde invelvod in ./^rk vrith acetic -acid .re iidca.lation of its v-.yoro, s;; .llo..ing of the li;;u:.d -.t cryst.-ls, no cont .ct of the liquid or 03117889 HHBB-0007988 HWBB-fi007987' References to Recent Literature - 13 crystals with the skin or eyes. The acid has varied uses and is shipped in ulu minum or stainless steel t ink cars or barrels and gl-'ss carboys. Inhalation of the vapor irritates the membranes of the nose and throat. The vapor also has irritating action on the eyes and skin. When the ic'.G is swallowed, the ac tion is painful to all tissues in contact vvith it. The f .tal dose is not defin itely known, but swalloy/ing of b-fclespoonfuls has caused de ;.th in .dults. <ua emetic should be used in case of swallowing and the skin should he throughly cashed in case of contact, A physician should be called. Prevor.tiv-c mejsurec include.: (1) avoidance of contact with sodium peroxide or chrome or nitric .:ids; (2) use only in closed systems or with adequate exhausts; (3) respiratory and other personal protection; (4) prohibition of eating in exposed rooms; and (5) cleanliness, 771 EXPERIMENTAL VANADIUM POISONING IN THE WHITE RVf, E. P. Daniel rnd R.D. Lillie. U.3. Pub. Health Repts. 5b, 765-77 (Miy 15, 19bd) . bodiu.n met:,vanadate in amounts to give 11.5, 2b, 32, 104* md 36G p,p,m, res pectively, of v.uv-dium in the ration of rats produced toxic symptoms at the three highest levels. The animals receiving 11.5 and -35 p.p.m. showed no gross symptoms of poisoning. Deaths occurred in the group given 36C- p.p.m. of van.adiur Does of .! to 4 mg. of vanadium idministercd daily by means of stomach tube caus ed death in rats weighing less th*n 300 gm. in two to four days; heavier rats lived slightly longer. There :v .s no evidence of . cumulative effect. Provided a ily tolor mcc w s not exceeded, r ts given a totl quantity fir in excess of lethal dosage lived for weeks in a normal condition, bymptcras of -.cute poison ing -re nervous re cti-jns, hemorrh gic exud.te from the noso '.nd intestines, m rked di .rrhe , p-r lysis of hind logs, .nd 1 ibered respiration. Chronic effects arc about the same to : less marked degree. 772 BEFJLLIUM (GLUCINIUM). J. G. Galman. Occupation and Health, Supplement, Inter act. Labor Office, Gc-nevi (January 1930). (One of the supplements mentioned in News section of this bulletin) The author considers the properties, uses, industrial processes, sources of risk, toxic action, pathology, hygiene and therapy. Dp to the present time, . this element has not been important in industrial hygiene in the United States but it -apparently is being used more and more in Europe. 773 CHRONIC INTOXICATION 3YI1K M.-iNGANEtS. Michele Dragonetti. Rass. med. apel. 1avoro ind. 0, 94-106 (1938). (It li n). review of the liter ture on chronic m ng nose intoxication is -..ccompunied by the clinic .1 description of . c.se. The -uthor suggests the inclusion of this form of poisoning .among the occupation .1 diseases. A bibliography is included. 774 DEATH FROM NITROUS GidtES, Keicher. Arteitsschutz, pp. 99-100 (1S3G). (German). Two men were cleaning brass rings vtith nitric acid, one dipping them into the -cid, the other drying them later with swduet. The fork was c >rried on in an otherwise idle foundry building .nd thu v.'c.Lher was extremely cold. Nitrous fumes evidently arose from the drying operations ;S this man liter died of poi soning by nitrous g.ses. The other nun a as only slightly ill. 775 INJURE Of aKE EYE BE KZDROGEN oULfliH. IN iluJ RitrlNLRY, V. A. Lichtner. 7iostnik Opht. 11, "56 (1957). (Gene-.). The injuri -s a- used by hydrogen sulfiue UoU J.ly involve Lr.o conjunctiva and Qcc.asion..lly the cornu'. In the pretence of the gar. ?n the .tmosphero in a conCer.tr-tion of 1 mg. pu-r later, the :-:uojoctave symptoms appear-it the end of the 'orking a and roach their r .xinum .Intensity 4 or 'o hours later. In tro tment, i.'.onin .ffords relief but :oc in:, b<c use of its ffjet on the corne-.l 03117890 HHBB-00y/988 r.ofc-r--:icec to R-.-cent Liter tury - .0 epitnclium, is cor.trr.ir.aic.tsd. The .uthurs "Tte improvement in technic'1 c-cvicment .nd construction cf the pi :nt In order to elimir .tc 1-m ge of gus .nd to improve ventilation. ' 776 iH EFFECT Or .-JcoLNIC OH lik. .OXXCI'Y Or ~LL*Si:^-.OUo G.r- .INC. ..L. \5oyoa. science 8, 01 (July let-.). Comp r tive studies of the toxicity cf selenium, tellurium, rsor.i?, v n diux, nickel, tungsten n-.l xolyider.u;.. h .vy sho.-n th t .t the concc-r.tr .oi^ns -..-en, seL-miur. vis the only one to c-.u:s, stv-re liVi.r lesions i\: the rets, nets fed e-.-lcnif'-rout grain do net develop th-; ;hir ct;_-r\stic s^rntexs ;vhon c j.o.r-'.. irser.ic . sod Lure Tser.it-.; is . ad-c-d to tho..r <-.ri eking w- ter. Inis earn; of rseuic protects --g'irst 1." p.p.K, selenium. H '.If this '.mount of .rseu'.c gives orJy p .rti .1 pro c-cld on. The- ..rt.-uic s-tr.n to give protection -.gainst inorgan ic .2 .veil s org r.ic sol .niuo. It is hoped tlv-.c . nor.-toxic subit nee other th .r. .rs..nie -vli J. to found h.v.ng tho s t. price ctivo ct.lon, 777 INLIVIEI JL irCIN INJURY IN VTILYr.-QnniJie. ,. tr-c. .rch. f. Derr. .- toi. u, iyphil. 176, 60o-l (19o .) . (Gum: n) . ufti-r reviewing inn 1 i cor T.ur.v, die uthor reports on thr'- - o.-see of chronic arsenic poisoning in vinoyrd .-orkers. for Sc.vcr :1 y<.ors '.11 hua sprayed or bunted ".r-Jcnou,; insecticide, .It.rougn only re..somlly (one for only o days in o .ch of the lost o y~ rs). ,-.il sno.:*d .reenlc luiosi? -.nd ker-.tosis. ^ly ouv; polyneuritis of slight degree in the fewer-1 .nd perene 1 region on both sides, ; veil .z -.crop .r-sthesi -,r. In this l-ctor c.-.s^, itout 1-l/d--2 months after beginning work, there . .e found 94 -i.erogr-un * arsenic in the urin6. Since ox..;; ir. ;tion of the wine (which rv .3 drunk freely by the patients) showed no Taenia, the occue tion .1 c use of the pcisoning v s cert .in. 77C iU nr'idCI 0? . .IN .i'.cLN -.'i No ON IHu LI7 Li;, )i. C. von Gl.;hn, F.B. flinn, -nd F. Klein, Jr. .rch. cf P th. _Ji, 4-..-.-cOU ( -prill 1937). oer'ec of experiments were- performed on r chits, r .ts ,.n<i ferrets to deter mine the effects upon the liver oi '-upric nd le-d .rscn-.tns--the ersen-.tes most cotnuonly used in insecticides on fruits no vegetables--ana the protection - provided hy ; higr- enrtohydrut'-: diet. Sodium :r3<;n \te >"us used ns control .guinst the oopnar .mu loud. Of the 46 rfehite to whom the vrsen tes were .d- uiniLtcrta, 4 cr Ole developea cirruosis of the liver. Recent or he led necrosis w 3 found in 51 livers nd nocroslC confined to single cells in 4. Ph gocytus in v.rying numborc -nd pignout .cion wore found in 51 livers. In 73 of those, the pigment gave -i positive rc _ction for iron. Nino of the rib- bits snowed citric--.] liundicc. R .ts nd ferrets consistently negative re sults, inuic--.ti.tg v. higher rosi.it.nc.- to the ;rscn tcs. The ..uthors conclude thit 1_- id, copper *.r.d sodium irsc.'.ir.t`.-s pr--xlucu similir necroeis i:i livers of r .obits and th.;t the hciling of tnuc.; qoCiOss:- results in cirrhosis. They no li avc the '.ction is duo solely to rs^n-ccs . In r .of;.', tc fed i rich diet of c-.rbohydr ;tes (bre-.d md pot .t-.-.s), the incidence w ^ only 3%, indie .ting protective -ctijr. --f com.- sert not oonpl'-toly w;rcl. in .fclv. Interestingly enough, tr.wy fc-und the 1 .rgcct .vu.r.go -u.r.titics of lo -d, copper and -.rsenic in .ui:.: Is iu this series. The r.lst^.vgi.c '.1 -.p;>c. rmeu .f thy liver c^lls in- aicated th- rv .r-.o inor-j glycogf-n in these c-.-lls in tht r ,'obits on high curbohydr;v, thk.'.r. 1 n `hose -on . low c ..rbohy ir .u oiet. 773 lifihoLo S* "/r. .a i;.i sC l i vh C1. i0a!o G u.^o IN INGUo'.L'h'i. II. HYDROGEN CYANIDE V.-POH. Lap rtro.;nt ;-f fcicnce .ncl Inductri 1 Rs-c.a-rch. H.M, bt'-.tionery Office, Loiu.lvn. ] bid . this i,, the second in . juries of 1. booklets on ,simple methods for dotecti->n of a nger->us g :-,es in cm 11 v.u ntitice, devolcpud by the British Gova-rntient in 03117891 Rcfercnc*s to Recent Liter turn - 1 cooper tior. 'irtr. in, ..ssoci :ior. of British Cher.ie I a -.nuf eturors. ao firs^ cn hyureget: siilr .= bs-r ct-*d in cur Nov.-mevr, :fo7 bulletin, No, 560, ffl cs (S . eoncentr tion of 1 p re in cD.GCO ci hydrogen cy niuc. ''ill &!ve s i ?:'* v symp-* toms .ft er sevor 1 ho ITS, 1 p .rt : r\ 10,000 ; s a ng ,rcu s "it;nin one o.our -.nd 1 oa P':,rt in 500 is1 A p Lai V I :t .1 . Thu ?3thorns i-scrlhnd h or . vi ;11 <*J -- ct eoncenti*- ti on s me ,:n to 1 - . .rt in ICO, 000. J`.eo mo the ds re nest rtb'.-d , t.he .na< i '.no-cop- P'- r ,*1- Ta. t.. 3t ni ties Coa eo he m--silver r. itr .tc. t- st r.vi in eh c iv th; ir .C ir tV. through F P>' r ir-pr- br `t--u :'i th th v proper r- gents . In th.z f-;rt the ^ t' H . o' v*n r. ' ? ^\vU r.i copper ..cet.a and i the second, mixture of Congo Rod no l/oi' o'er te. i'he .intensity of td :tr .ins -r oomp.r^d of th st.naari.: to t.:rrr.j.n~ the oonc^ntr'.tiono, 7. REPO ,:T S.\ i'Hu IN /C.Oila iiluN ON IN IHu oGHIii.zURG DlcTRICf B1 1HE 0 .U ir.Or.li,.. ilON ^ c - an GG7nid<Muril i, CCJ-l;i sblON FOR IHL FIGKi'ING Or C.iNCER. Ztscpr. Krsb fc r s '*`^1 -7, 10 :-Il (1C w 1 / . 0 nc tr cf the lu g h .s long tv-en krc. .t. co tv; :'r- oucr.t ur.ong Lchneoburg minors, and tn i P `P* r ., .scribes progr m of . exh nist-iv.. study being mode- to deter- mint unui- r '.vh -t :onditions it o-.:curo. 711 ''XPhhlUXn X olUoXX 01i flif ^U.^TIGN Of iHE c;CHN^._nURa CrJJCiR Or THE LUNG, id. Bo-in.nr.rz, Ltschr. Xrobsior.>s-h. 09-oS (100.-) . The richor reports :xp.rir^nts n 'Rich .'nice were kept in 6chno:bu2g mine .nl survived 1 go ,370 i-ys. Most o: tue .n'mels died from respir vtcry infec tions. In 7 Is tur.crs .,'t-r:; found, multiple in 0 c-.sv.-s, Controls its not men t: or.ed, but the r j c o v.'.ro fro: . stock not known to exhibit much spontaneous o .roiuom . is norn-idtc r.n h..3 ruled out rsenic in the ore s c .use of the ichiiGoburg lung tumor, the uthor thinks th t Jr. the mice, .s in the miners, r dium n tior: r. be th-, c uv.. 78 EFFECT Of foalINO SOILED Yrl -- 1 CN LXF-uRIMLNT.X C UCER. J. M isin, Y. Pourb -.ix no. ? C y/Ti ox. Corrpt. r-"*nd. sue. blol. 1 7. !-i77-6 (I9bd). (french). - Feeding 1 rg._ : ounos of cooko-o y_ .. t gre .tly deer:.sod the incidence of c accr in mite tro`t-.d :.cn b-nzopyr^r-:. In possible oocpl.n-tion it is suggested thvt the st supplies .r. " r.tlstyrzi" in .:hich cancer tissue is deficient. 703 INFLUENCE Dr VERY oUi<LL iXJiS Of rlfGICkXDEKYijE PEROXIDE ON THE DEVELOPMENT Of e-X'ZOFY.-uiNX CnNCEE IN MICE. J. Raisin, Y. Pourbuix and P. C .cyan ox. Compt. rcr.d. aoc. biol. 107, 1-179-61 (lOoc), n 0,001 solution of diformnldohyc._ peroxide, injected in 0.5 cc portions bi weekly, hastened the development of benzopyrene c-ncor in mice, on the. other h- nd, concentr .tionu of 10" to 1C"18 h d -.n inhibiting -ction, most noticeable with . 10^ solution. 74 THE EFFECT OF 1,' ,3,6-DIBi2sD.;NTH:; ,'JLNi. ON j.K Gk0,.-TH Of BROftN-PEiiRCE R3BIT C.ilCIN'OM.'.. W .x .ppwl, .dfrei ., : tr use, G, Kolischcr -nd H, Necheles. 'un. J. C .ncer 32, '29--;' (iWc.;), ,v C.Ih ucluti^: dibonz r.thr cone ia b-,-ir;ene ".s injected rubcut .noously, in 5 cc. d.)wc-c, f.hc. . w-cok for 6 -weeks before tr -nspl .nt .tic-n and there .ftor un til the 2-, .th ,,'f ni,7, ;l. In the trc -tcd r .bbi ts the c.-.rcinoma gr-jv.1 more rapidly :r.1 m-.ua^b cicea rore ; xtcnj.;.Vv.ly th .n in the untrotted controls. Troat- m,(.nt ..'ith h'u: ju: at..-.:- :-:nc pp;. ,r_u tc c use :'.icro.sad susccutibility* or ch'.ng- ::d .i'spcsition I'.; cur.cr growth. 03117892 it^ B -0 0 0 /9 INDUCTION Of lUMC.K BY o,,5,6-fIBLNZG -j&nlQLZ IN MIC1 Of i'KH C L cili.'.l WHICH DLVSLOP 6P0NX.aNr.0Uo HHPaiOM .. L.C. otrar.c. G.\i. onith .nd h.U. G.rinc-r. X 1--. J. Biol. & Mod. iO, 6o5---6 (lOSt). ' benaer.e solution cont .inir.g 0.1% o,-:-,o,6-j'bent : re ;.clfc -i'.inL-ad on trie skin of nice induced n v riety of y tholoi c,.i lotions loc 1 no ..list at. la.ectio of 1. r.g. dissolved in s-as me oil l-o produce' . re.;:; t tr.e site of the in juef-on mu a lo.vgr-.de inflanmataon in th". l':ver. Th-- substance shc-.red no os- trogors.' -.ctiv ty tu tu< recuse. OGUi.-CX LhrJv! .ilflo. Michel b -rt. I no. ?:u. 7 h-or-6-. (co-itcpber .ICC''), Cent ct la-rndtltio, constituting 10 or 60% of c<--r.(> ns`bio i a.luscriai ; i tei-sct:, ii a very import-at p,.rt -,f one ./or'.-. of th-.: induct, i .1 physician. Th>.. causes cm cl .ssified into troupes; direct rrit.ut_ .llnr^o.' -c. Ir! the first typo ru such sutst-.nccs .a C | lJ./V J* . * + % ;.t 1 salts, cert .ir. chlorine jodpoun is , innustri .] solvents .r. -... n..r.y others. I the llergcns, some sub- ot.nncs .s pi nt evils, uc.rt'.i.: dy.-s, no numerous r: :.ic subst mces produce uorr.; litis only in certain buuctock.hlc inbivii.u . Of the tr/o typos, the first is probably tha most import '.no. The rather a'seuscos the subject in gen- ^r 'l .vl sti-oo-at pare 1st .rt c .sec -./rich i \1 to- clvr up fter discontinuing th-. oper tier.. Correct a.' gnosis in access ry r.u .its r.port mco is else s t ros oe.'i UhnOhlo irniUIoA IN iniir-.I'NiUNi Or fiOCiL/ihib G. Mar:.: Med. Klin. 54, 5C9-31 (19bo). (0 m n), Cures vf chronic trnum r not 1 jg .lly cousin-red s .accidents in most coun tries cut nr-- often compms :tad & inuuotri -.1 O.iou cos. Some cx'.rples Te: ecau Is of work with corpressou .ir teals, shovel sickness, .nd "marching sick ness." .rather cx r:plo, specific lly rur.tion-ad., L.j injury to the meniscus of tno knee nhieh cm develop fr'-v even rock.r-.to us..- ;f tli*. knee. Microscopic ex- urLn.-.tion of the meniscus Jiselce-s severe .iegonor tiv. changes in the cartilag es n result of chronic trvur, , -sped .lly r.ong Minors, fl:cr 1 yers, terrezzo workers .nd aiders, ' KKi-iTITIo FROM WORKING wITH CRnOoOTL. G. f. Birh.va---d. Brit. Med, J. pp. lb (July 1930). (British). I.o c .s.s ro reportsu of g rdcr.ors :ho experienced ker titis ft:r using creo sote to spr y upon fences. They c r.o un-dor observ tion ftor the veute st-ge h ,d subsided. In one of the sen the left eyo h d throe sm .11 gr \y ra-.cul'o belo-v the pupil nd numerous st, II gr-y soots -.n the c^rr/.u There va.3 pc.nr.ment imp .irt.ent of vision. In the .char c..eo tn ; left eye- .-/us also affected. On e .ch side of the pupil w .s sr 11 gr y uucul'.r p cch with numerous sr..'.ll gray specks mt superfici .1 hizy k.r t'tia. The conuitirn caused . h.sy vision, rvhon .Irons of crcosctc got int- oh., ey^s uh y c .use l ^ntenss irrit'ition md =ro-.t pain. eKIN flffAefo FROM LUBnlC/iI'ING OIL. c^. Fail, FrograS Med. 66, 757 (1955) , (Fronch). For oil .c-.c to lovelop, the '.uthcr cor: dears 1 n.cess.ry for the oil to soft,, the opi.ien-is uri c.cpcc' -llv render t doii-reslstuit on .van., lays. In iddi- vion, j.t is nc-c-os* .or s.Ubu i.eta y.-.rt.clcs t./ t-.-j present ir. the oil md :\,r b cteri-. to be or-.sent on tnn skin, He reports on in epidemic of skin irri totions Ir.v;lv;ng oil cno ..x .r.fi.:tet. ./- uin.o 1th.-.ugl. nc injurious substances ; .uld oo four.', in the -.il. The treub.le a- t i: e .o^.-otr '.non the oil ./-.s b ned, but ,/hen cc-lf -e-thar c ...c . 03117893 .1 > HW8B-0007991 References to Recent Literature - 23 790 SAFECOAT INSULATING MATERIAL. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 110, 1771 (May 21, 1938). An electrician develops a dermatitis on hands and arms when working with wires fireproofed with^Safecoat." Other types of insulation do not affect him. T1 reply points out that many of the chemicals used may be responsible for the skin eruption, perhaps chlorinated naphthalene or chlorinated diphenyl which may also cause serious systemic disease. o 791 DISEASE OP THE SKIN AND FINGER NAILS FROM INDUSTRIAL CONTACT WITH ORGAN KEYS ,/T^ OF GALALITH. C. Simon. Bull. Soc. franc, de Dermatol, et Syphil. 614-7 (1938). (French). The author describes the disease of a 24 year old woman who developed eczema of the fingers and hands after playing an organ v.lth galalith keys. By rub bing galalith on the finger tips, eczema could be induced. A button manufac turer reported to the author that he had frequently seen eczema among workers using galalith, especially those who softened it with steam. 792 TWO CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASE IN FLOWER HAUDMU3. H. Rabeau and Ukrainczik. Bull. Soc. franc. Dermatol, Syphil. 595-7 (1938). (French). In one case eczema which had appeared on the hands and fingers had been present for 13 years. It disappeared during vacations but the cause could not be ascer tained, In the second case it was shown by skin tests that there was hypersen sitivity to tulips (flowers, leaves, stalks) and since desensitization was attmepted in vain, the handling of tulips was discontinued. 793 INJURY TO THE SKIN 3Y ETHYLENE BROMIDE, A CONSTITUENT OF FLUID FROM A WATER- LEVEL INDICATOR. G. Plesser. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 8, 591-600 (1938). (German). . A careful investigation made in connection with a skin injury of a stoker caused by fluid from a water-level indicator showed that the fluid contained ethylene bromide. After prolonged exposure it caused a local irritation and marked gen eral symptoms in one of nine experimental subjects. -- NEWS NOTE Mr. Henry D. Sayer, who has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Air Itygiene Foundation, representing the Association of Casualty and Surety Execu tives, has resigned his position to accept a post with the New York State Insurance Fund. In assuming his new duties Mr. Sayer takes with him the good wishes of Air Hygiene Foundation. 03117894 o ft u 60 HWBB-0007967