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FILE NAME: Caterpillar (CAT) DATE: 1966 DOC#: CAT040 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Articles from National Safety Transactions
I
PN OL WA NTO ATTEND
THE
1967 1968
NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS
ClOBCft 2121, I K ) / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAM
The Congress Is always big week, a worthwhile week Tor the 13,000 safely people wire attend.
At the '67 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the some problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can change views and Ideas on Occident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention , . . on safety In industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm.
You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress. . . an opportunity for you to make well* informed buying decisions for your company.
This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought.provoking, most worthwhile Safety expe rience in 1967.
Make plans early to attend the 1967 Congrasi and bring the other people In your organiialion who have safety responsibilities.
FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1957 Octofest 73-76 1861 O cto b e r 71-31 1969 O c lc b a r 27-30 1970 October 26-29 m i O cU bar 2S-2A
N A T IO N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C IL
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National Safety Council
I O F F IC E R S -- 1966-67
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ilowAuu i' ytw, Prc*ilcl, Nalionnl S a ie ly Commit, Chicago, lUias
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0 ,. _ES O f TUB
METALS SECTION
NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1966-67
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E n o , Arm co Steel ( o r p . Amici D u . Ilulhum ic. Md . Mt < U i s m I .s
Si. / iih lii'liy t l'iin m ll,. W I ' SAnmi * ( i Im iiiim k ), S a lt ly I <**., lln itiia.! <)!* s u d Curi, Hrnlncville. I*a ; <.iujhi.k D am h. Stii-si ni S.tlely, HelMfhem Slccl Cup. I .l-uvaimi P i i . Iliillutu. N Y ; J a m s I ) C xhkv. S u p e r. h v h u tm l Safety S a ik m M ici D iv , l'oid Mot C o , IX .u L u n i, M u li ; l. l McW nruTOk, M r. IkrMiniiel t s,tfn y . S i n Steel C o rp , l u r id i , lJ. ; Knitrur ( , IH.tm ah, < orpurate M g r, Sufelj,
h iti'il.iU Slccl C o tp . CluiMJi'i, H I.; H . I . S t i n t u , Su ih ir S it it i/ S u iu r , K q m M k Steel
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Cf.|.ii C o rp . Ut.ili (.`upiT l l i v , Utuh Sinulttr, Sull l.,A e C ity, U ta h ; K . C . k a i i s i ,
l ir , Safely Co o rd , Union Carl/iik C o rp , Metal* D i v , Asltlab iib , O lilo ; JOHN A
'ITim s. D ir ol S a lc ly and Im liu lm ! Health, United S t a i M e u ls HcAning C o . Carteid,
N. | , h . V C r ijh I', W orks Safety S n p v r, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., U a v w
-.v-*!. W Va F II I n in, Mr>r n i Safi iy & Scenriiy, Almnumm Company of America,
l'itisliurgli I n : J F NTh h h \ U ir I S.ifcly , KcyiiitkU Metals C u . UiclumHkl, V a ;
I s u r s .\ U iiaw a, L u ti l'rcvintum S u p v r, Orine! C o tp , ll.timib.il, Olio
/ , i / , r i i t r f u H r y C a iu m t l,e --I*. J Ctn U N S (C li.iiin w n ), Safety S u p vr. Ucililthci* Site! Ceni. Leelsdac W o .k s, l.cctsdale, Pa ; x h i. A HhattoK. S e c y , Steel Piale l'.ilii>alai. X is it , Clm-ep. HI , G lJ lim es. M;r n i In d m liid R e i. Joy M r Cii , t'nllaln N Y . ; I'U iN h I* <` v \ l `i l ' i m i d I 'll,, l `ltl lim pli Uol|;i i. Irmi Wiik% K o ilu M n . 4*.i , I a c k hi Vo m s t , lin lu 'lrid Uvl ! In*, In lcni.ilim n l Steel O * . V> svilir, Imi ; M 11 / u t i., S ifity s p \ , A n im i .tu lim in e D i v , i lary, Imi
IKr<t t o m i C o m m u te -- Il G JJk k m i a i (Coonliii.tlur), D i r , Safely h Teeli. hmpl, Am cncan Sm clim c k KcCming C o . Soli Lake C ity. Utah *
211
()(;n r i'
0 0 0 5 o o ; ;!
/JbUgy^n/ Su /rly A.ibj
UP-TO-DATE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
WHAT'S NEW IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Opening Remarks
By JA C K R A D C L IF F E Supervisor In d u itn ti Safely Section, F o rd M otor C o .; P a st C h iitm an Occupational H ealth H a ia rd s Com mittee. N S C Industrial Conference
Uudcltfff T his session is co*spon5red by two (roups,
il>e American industrial Hygiene Association and the American Awneintlon of ) nitiiSlriol N ursis There will l>e font Ley speakers and
for >w to take back to assist us 01 twtr V * gram It gives me great |;lcastre to rep
resent the Am erican Industrial Hygiene As socintlott this tnornmg amt to tiring j
glidings front its moidurs
Italuc the <.1 of a neut in w hirh wc w oitjj& ijg^ aud ph*y. it take kiHnvkdgv, umkrMmtdmg and conpemlion to 'h.ivc an efficient, elTcctlvc safety program Ttiat is vrhy we arc pleased to liave apart In this session nnd you arc to be con gratulated in making it possible fo r at! of those who are interested in safety to come together to sttare idea and learn what part they an play in the accomplishment o f an cSKtuat piogwaui.
We as Imhmiri.il im rscs need to k a ru tn he belter prepared to tare lo r the health nnd aifety of w orkers on the job nud to be able W answer questions alioul safety aw ay from work. A an association, w ere glad to be a
r - V '^ r f r l A parih ill>n|bt-4u2V
v t -u a wtf.QU
H llm l.de n r nit tint '
lu ir.lt tlir ,tr|E ?W , f ,|.S ..IK**/
wc can d by t .1 mg rl ui meiliHg-* >". I
ns tins with other national avsuciatmns >,).<
Imvc similar goals uni | ,u r | ...v j !> h ill.
and s.liety i n ' so finally rcl'K d , >uu i.uu>/l
have a
heal 11 piog. nu without a ym d
salety program 0>e cAinpkuicrrli the olhct
(or n healthy prmlni-lii c tvniher muM Inu.'
.1 ,fc wtuh tiivmmmi ut
B y w .nkiug uim llt' i, to nvoguuc *>n Iinr.irds and cnopi*itmg to -cliunn ile ilf i we can im kc IliC cnvirnuiucm of the Am n can judnstnal worker the mint hcrld snic, and pniilncl'n c pi wc m ihc 001 hi
ihe subjects lend to iulcr-rvlale A t llC Con clusion of lie paper* w< w ill have a quetUon amt answer period
With lb cn spomor'hlp of lt>e American ha tm irh l Hygiene A w l i U f f l i owl the American Association o| lintiislrial Nurses, we have on (lie platforM with ut today their h\o president* First. W illiam T . M cC o r mick, preside* of t< Anicrlrnn Ind utlrhf Hygiene Association and Assistant Director in charge of OctH|dOn.d Hygiene in lit Medic,d Department of Inland Steel Com . piny. Chicago lie is also a member of the A meric,an Society of S.ifety Tnjjhieers, nnd m.uiy oilier rotated Hnfcly nliil hygiene groups
McCormick Tiie American Industrial Hygiene Associi-
unn is most pleased to be a cosponsor of this program on Up to Date Industrial H ypunt l am patUCHhrly pirated that the l.nliti wlio make up tlte nverabenhip of the America Association of Industrial N u n e s arc also co-sponsors this unirtmig.
I d o i k company, the groups who arc con cerned with the health of w orkers both di rectly and indirectly eojoy a cordial ami co operative relationship with each oilier T ltis lias been a benefit to both w orkers amt Use company aliLe 1 think it is extremely im portant that those of us who have interests in the well being o f people have the opporu>sity to meet together 01 groups periodical ly io sttare our mlormaiioit and to assist those tn the common goal Hint we have T lie program this morning consitls o l outstand
ing speaker I 'm sure each lu s 1 mcjsrtgc
HaiUhfft.-
T he president of the Atniricnu AisocUti* nf industrial Nurse* * employed with tk
WHAT HEALTH.
SAFETY
AND PLANT PERSONNEL
Guide Lam p Divmiun uf General Motors Offl**r.di"H. She in .1 rcgi'-Wcd nurse turd ha done itosyltal work, private duly, supenisi nttd industrial nursing during the tail S
SHOULD KNOW ABOUT DUSTS. FUMES. MISTS. GASES. VAPORS. AND NOISE
years, tuts worked oil many couumltees ^` given niBiiy jw ik ts. Site Is a most 1* meuihcr of lb* Industrial nurse in tUt country W illum t litem, our medical, faygk* and safety program* would be kicking. Ifl
By W A RREN A. COO K
Professor of Ind ustrial H ealth . Departm ent of Ind ustrial Health, School of P u b lic H e alth , T h e U n iv e rsity of M ichigan, Ann H arbor. Mich.
ray pleasure to introduce to you Uie presides n f the Am erican As*ncliuk*u o( ItiduslrU Nurse, M r* Edna Wtttsou
A quick answer tn what idmithl 1 known Vy health, ftfety, ami plant personnel hmt km rdous mnleriaU t`*ed m the plant is
W rr. IVaiton;
W e re most happy to have been InvW to co-spousor tkl esslou In the Safety C gross end, on behalf of the Board of ftreetors of the Am erican Association of Udusirlnl Nurses. 1 tliank you for being tUt
everything I Practically, the extent of the taw iedg* mint neecisarily fall omewhat drt of tbit Utopian goal. There are j\ waster of categories of information which ouU be known 1 pro|V>se to explore
wmber o f tim e
to share litis experience with you
Perhaps it mo*t eriucally needed infomia-
A s im hi'ltial nurse*,
nc cspocWf dan is tlwl enuccrnhi nintciinl* which may
hiifiroted In ait jAmsc uf w fc ly and h y i ao*e il t IA.ic llliw or d r.ilh withnul (he
gicttc m our v.i*Nons j.o...b......l.i.t..u..a..t..r.o...........A*t worker rcaliaing tkat he hefa sb)ccted
individuals wc arc vitally concerned
to dangerous atmosphere A n example of
.ifcty at hoinc, school, on the highway, 1 such material is one which has fCliilled ift
wherever we find ourselves in a conunuaith Mdy some 20 deaths as reported in the
setting, not only fur oscl\cs ami famBw ' ittratuf.e over the last fifty yrats, nnl only
but to be better Inform eJ and thus
three seporled e**es nice 1950 Ccrtairly,
effective as occupational health nurses
' such a material should nut dc*crvc too great
Nnpkxsts nmmig the myriad of substances
W c hear mmli today abunt the team i f 1 vitueh compete for tv place in the overall
i,,aK" concern
.and away from work W e believe that lak es m u d I'iiciI effort of all of ut
- hVitcL pBut!tel m consider wnh'a,jt ^the r"- nv.tv>al
fdi may lie
In l.um-ny, lOPh. a vv.ukrr in < i h i -
i v u h r'^ iup u n t i l p ir H , ii'ii'i' .1 ` it1
colder. After mine twn hours i,i work
began to feel but ami ihe n c it
1
p e ricn rd some ligliMtc** of 1I10 tho'l. '
coutthino, ,intl fell llvst he UuJ hceu
to too much "eltlinj; fume A s the cyndu
worsened, tic called a pny-icnn a.u| v agreed ttat lie must 1.ave pc. m ilicj 1..-.cl to bc cxp o vil ti. etc f M V C \vc l.lini; (ii^.i H e w,ts tie.it M l *>.. pit.mil. ...lly t h . l| `. fru rltl mondiliR -, h f f il,.- 0 , ....... 1" w 1 [uuiul dead ui bcJ W i ll.ll> > - bori lime i ll ' tins, a second WOll.Cl on tl.'- amt. ) "l> 1" came affected B y tin s lime. U was l . m >
that the silver solder coni v. ii.Cit C' Cl 2ft p rent O'luim m ami tl i.U the cmdnio.) u
actually due to cxcc*>ivc o p o u u r n
imurit fum Fudowing tlir rcporl ni il
i it.\l and rvccompmjutfj noni il >1 <i,.
utdttlOH.d c j ^cv w cic rrpniird In h"' < '
fonda llurcAii ol O co ip iln 'n il llc d 'l '>.
of Ihcse fai"! A <1. t -le11 i r'"ni -i 1
circuii.'Inni re ni ilic nu> h iiim I <
no
966 N a lw tia l. ,y Co tu jrttt
he |.nli)ivlic<l toon hy i ) r H ector P illc jc r id tin California D epartm uil in (he Jauriutl ,,/ 0 ( i u/'u/ioiiaJ i/rth 'ruif.
Here we lu r e cxam jdc o l a material
doss not immediately l>coinc e x * -
lively irritating; one concerning n liicli we
have noI had loo many |>til)lislrcd vjxh Ij of
dilhrnlty. V ery possibly, the reason for tin*
m\h
i .t - n may have inctirrvd Iml, being
^j.ornihc, iircy have no* ttcui) rcco g n iitJ nor
published
S iu u n welder or n w orker gaged in
!n;i/niw iiih t :Uiohs m ay |i:*vc k e n ttsittff
soMets over tlte years cuiimiiiing ik> endminni, .aid (licit such n solder in requited for the nr- si day's work, it 1 vital tin t not only ila* hr.tiih ami v if ii y iv rsm iin l hut aim the fiiran.in in charg, of the uj*cr.tlluii xbuuld he well informed concerning the hazard* from cadmium oxide fmne
Another example of hazardous material* in tins category is chlorinated iiajihlli.ilcnc T in s w i t y ninlcii.il is melted 1) p rtk r to aii|>rci;nalc wire or c ilde m m lalitm or clceU icd condensers T h e vm>or from lliis syn thetic w ax ccmdmsc* in (lie air idtovc (he iiii'lTi)- (hit is . iimii* (In lum p udiahd in (.M.cssive iinum its il may cam e svriunr and even fain) liver damage.
Among the earlier fatal eases as ri>ni( of on.I* on exposure, mm w o ik cr died with a diagnosis of yellow atrophy o f lltc liver. A t
that time there had Ihtcii mo such cx|x.riccc will) litis material and St was thought thnt die f h I thnt lin t w orker was a rutin r heavy
drinker ttray have led to Ids dcnlh A second worker continued dfe operation W hen he developed a liver condition which alio termi nated fatally, but with no history o f alcoholic leverage complication, investigations were in stituted which definitely implicated this harm less looking stmI non-in haling synthetic w ax as the producer of th cic liver condition.
A s further categories of knowledge con* corning hazardous material!., we should in clude those im tcriaU .ultialfy m use in n plant, tngclliu w ilh those \\liisli may be contemplated for early future m e Possibly
the best ami earliest xottrcc of information concerning such materials is through the purchasing agent Accordingly, 1 is strongly ruommended Itint :i close Ikibcm he set up
between the purchasing ag u d ami (lie licidih and salcly personnel so thnt early iiifu rn u-
lii.n vxtil he provided conrernbig material* in use and those which arc to be ordered.
I licsc materials may best l< li-cnsscd ia categories feinted to their physical and ptsywolnghat jtro|K.-nc5
A m n ia the most iinporliuU categories are the dusts that prnducc (lie inicimtocoittoieL In the iiu ju r tm hidrivs bivulvlti cxinuttrt tn situ a thnU, then- lend* to Ik.- n good kuowL ttlgc of (lie (net Hint loo much of these dttfi i ll im tsc a lung condition wlm.h may be dwidiihig. W here Hie dust nf.iy contain cry** lallnw (rev silira, Midi as is the ease will molding m l in the foundry, or granite duM in a quarry o r alone cutting ihop, it is wtS iimli'rxhHMl iiuit the n re .ilrr I he |n-rrctilsgt of Irm- sdii'it in Ihc ilttM tin* lower the duM (i<oM.nlialiuii hiiCidil he in order Ur avoid the development of sUtrosls It tx known that w orkers should be g hen i>criodic X -u j ooim ihition, ami that the extent of the dial exposure should be determined by .nr anal yses, with control measures such as wilt be disclosed later hi this session.
Le ss knowledge-able, a* a ride, are hialli ami s if it y prr.smmil co iK ifoilig Mich <* ( .k in .- In (Ii i .m- i .|k i.tlh .it-i (vlii-lv 1'VyxlldlilU free s iliia may lie lived rather incidcntall? in an r>|>cialiuii ui a phinl not normally conxidert'd lo be a dusty mdtislry A n cxamplt wunlil lx tlic use of s iliia flour ax a filler In t puiiil m ixture or :n. inert imiterial U I variety o f products
-A slm tns has been uniOi in the dmty newsttaimrs over I h c ia x t year o r I m p, not SO
a r l l ^ lu fand ny Jt-
i fanrrrn rmultlton Liinwn a* f|^^thellOtM* w iiidi lias hern fimm| pmoug worker* mlk asb--too in fnr greater incidence than amoni ilwMiOJCrnl po|iu!aiion.
T a lc noil sonptionc powders or used is s ik Ii mduxtrici a* ndibcr goods maHufaclafing, and may introduce appreciable amotinn o f ju cli dusts into (tie air Whereas mon ilusiv Hindi1 up nl Mhiahw arc csejulMlIf iu u t and, a-' .sin'll, us iinuli a* 5U mitlivH p a r tid u jicr ciiliic loot of ntr may be coth sideted acceptable, these two m u tuals liau been fouiKl to prmlncc dis.ibling jmcuniCKOfiiiisn in lessor crmccnlrnlimis with the rctvlf that no more thu i 2() nitlliou particles yrt m h ic (out of :.ir i i cm is iiliK il within tilt limits
000580 -Wiuhh/rad ii>A<y
TltftshitiJ V This, however,
,
5-lt (1,l< ! i.wh n Hi
connection with talc
ffiltffoiJo. J iit in* njtl
will 1.11lit f "Hi.
frepuenlly, these two
nrtoiiTt'^^' `
.nml her) i.
to have some quartz coutcut; litis may be IMCir pnnspuo! a I I I jiihx ................. . ........
at much as 20 per cent Aiinlicattoii of a many (li-etrahlo iiropcriics and is * "h >,
formula given in llw
Lumt OiKf creasing ISC III divtrM l)- id opera-"'
lilt of the Am erican Conference of Govern all plants where IurI lcinj>LM hiic iCM'i.
mental linhi.-drml lly giem sts lo a talc or m elis nr ic n m ir s m.t) hr u s !, tin hs
adpstonc dtwi with 2d |K*r rent rjin itz llm ih ami M ill) " |n rsrnuu l dn-nM !-
the exposure to only Id m illion ivirticlcs per mlfoihutH'M <-( tins iiim n . il A s an m-l
cubic f*>ot of :tir. Cotiw ittenlly, when such I Kin <f rc la tn c li.i.'.ird', the c \|<>m" c
nuieriflli flrc k i n g id. it is tsvrniMl to lu rylliu m slmuhl hi krpt in '.ml a lu m -ln
have the atldilionai bit id knowledge ns |,J ill d ia l outtM ik'ml |H rimsMldi* f-i lia d
percentage of cryslallin c free silica.
Somewhat the same situation occurs in connection with u diwty tm irria l made up of dl.itm nuwm s vnrtli, tt form n f nmnrphmiH tilica T h e ttauiral malcrint Im * 1*cm I uhikI to cause a disabling silicosis when the e x posure exceeds 20 million fa rt kie s i * r cubic foot H ow ever, where the diatomaccous earth U Mihiected to a calcining operation, sumo of this amorphous free silica changes over to the crystalline form known as cristobalite. Depending upon whether the dintoimou earth is calcined with or without a flux, the percentage of thu crishilxthte may Ik In `the order of 2U \wr cent <r Ul per cent, \he latter w ith the flux hilling. A p plying live A C G I H form ula, th e calcined dialmiMcoou* earths should be kept either to 10 iinllhu) ixirtiefex per culm f>mt nr t> seven niilhixi, in ordur to avoid lung injury
ft wim ld sc o n ili.d t u n h - n h i ' "<H
finm ed uaiiec.iunR c.nhnjt monoxt-lc, f i
w hidli is rpspm m ldc f r r m ore esped
ih.Ut -ntV n lh n , in-l al-n Ih c l'a * r t '-!*fu r tin* g u a itM Imnthi i id i i -i - u l f
nsfiteVxi.ition In mums u h o ic ih e ie i '
a rttvc lo ssd n lily -d CH anc (d g a 'c s coni
iiig carhnu u K u iu si-li, ihc-c lends io l c
iner-'itsuig -lie of nmluji-iml carhnu m
oxulp alarm s S m ii tii'tallatiu iK l^i'e i
phtcqti hi a immlitr d hl.M fun kc i-i where lailm ii in<iniKili' conmiltat'-u-.s <-(
gas are iu tlic orlrr nf /( nr 7 ;)tr cent
iM iiU tnaU K fu r niu l furl gas unp naim d gas is u-mlutr u-t* m- *t .isiuk tine, of unirse-, rtuii.ims im atlmit iii-'im
rn rlh iM in m e , w h iti- in i.u t u r <.> " ' i
tm itl.n y gas
s !-<- I . u t i-i-o
llm ittglt tv a tii-g .is in ( u - .iliiu i i:t - msi
|in lts, (Inst. .IU to-t.i) l*>U'k " I'1 ' 1 in|tnlieil p e lrilc u m t,.s w uIt no c *i
lit [he category of metals, we would cx- oxide ctmlenl It is of to u i'c . imi'"
l t that Dll health and jniety ncrsotuwl are t1n.t)s h i L* i [ in mmd th d imp H - .t -
familiar w ith lead as tut ccnpaUmM inward Inistum nf natural g is or l ld<
I* '
ind that proper precautions nrc taken to prevent excessive exposure, hi spite of tins icneral knowledge, lead poisoning cases con tinue to occur in imlustry, not only in the industrie lin t have prmluccd the g rr itest
a sidhciCHt amount of .................... . muo
cause asphyxialiun Cases of cuban oxide asphyxiation have o c c i.rrrj m n
years on Mrunlay umrmngi whre c> M tents arc bch-g be.><d w ill- u.-tnr.-l j - *
number o f case* over past years Af t e r a Ihc unpniKU 'ieut r.f the h iin m ii; g i-
, report in the literature that lead poisoning s n rfa c c i m u r ie r e s w ith r-m jd ee tm i.l.n
. cases were occurring in plastic mauufacluriug w ith m ir k c d ly greater .unnunt- o <
in Italy ami a subsequent report of such ts in lid* industry in Trance, a group nf
m onoxide in llie p to d n m o comhiMinn Am ong the gases slmi- m n .lt .<
lead jvdvuidug caves ov<nm d m pi site nvii.nf iclnrniy nperalion in this iuutlry. Possibly if a ch>sc rcl.uhmsbij* had hum
list-.! W illi tin-si. Im It m n i -i hath m h v h .m .r . snll.il. Ih . u- - o f l d u r .il nn> (d l . j . l u p a s d f.lc
. nuinuuHcd lelw ccu the pundi.ising ik p a rl- iiijd c ii area < ir rtiir* l m f**>v i h` .. - 'i
meut and the hcatlh and safety (rstumel, llie exiWMirc might have liccn bmught under
vvlicre liiir n lK .il of In d i op n n 'i gas un ul in h l c m-l .1 _ T - li -d r >>..t
centro! wiltmut occurrem e of .avcv
Im u d r.d t..s x u i ^->1-- "1 ................
RcrylUnm ts well Imnvtt as ; pintlm er of irrlo u i n*id fatal ucct'i'alm inl ilm i-e
qiure liH'-pn m il .'.'
I. u n > .
Stthnk s In inj; u - -i
- I
132
1966 Wa/wttf/ S a / t iy C o n t r a i
anti made into ckm ciil.il sulfur, on emer gency (dan should be set up 111 (lie event of rupture of hydrogen sulfide lines w ith pos sible escape of large volumes this g-is
Hydrogen sulfide is lormcd wherever there is decomposition of ntfttconls containing sul fur under reducing condition, Mid cases of multiple fatalities, from two to five, have occurred Wherever i n .ik r jjli cottliimhig suit nr are being handled, all workers should be briefed rdxmt llic rapidly xsphyxMltUff properties of this gal If should Ih5 cnijdi.isized tliat at (he higher concentrations the seme ol smell Joes nut provide the warning to w liuli one is ntxMXlumcd on cxjoxyrc to (lie lower concciilrntiniis nf hydrogen sulfide W orkers should know ahead of time that, if one of them should collapse in some con fined area where hydrogen sulfide could be (he cause, the fellow workers should not enter the confined area to rescue the victim witliont gas mask protection T h e usual precautions of providing watchers outside tire confined area, provision of a proper tinrness with rope attached for rescue from the outside if required, and availability of adequate ventilation together with grab sample checks on the hydrogen sulfide concentration within the area should, of course, always be tlte practice
A category o l hnt,rloiu m atem is wim h includes many stibslances found In practi cally alt plants i* (hat of the solvents A com. plete hit of all solvents used In the plant should be maintained Where proprietary
solvent mixes are utilised, every effort should be m aje to (Itc n n in c the constituency of these or, in any event, whether solvents with
threshold liiral values of k s i than 100 parti per million are Included
With the extensive publicity given to the severe health hatards of carbon tetrachloride, it would seem tliat everybody knows that this should not be used as a general solvent. However, the experience Jus been repeated many times in which a highly toxic solvent has been substituted by one of less toxicity but at some later date the more toxic solvent, desirable for good solvent properties or low price, has been brought back Into the plant without the health ui<! s.itcly personnel he* mg aware o i its rc-miiotltMiun
liwreasu'Sly. methyl chloroform is being luog itu cd ns a desirable substitute for car bon tetrachloride as t includes the attribute
of climiiiAliiig n fire har.xrd and, in iddttion, In s the aditiningcs of low toxicity lugcthcr with good sulvcm properties mid n vuporiralion rate cloxe to that of carbon tetra
elitoriile
it k to he noted th.it the hazard of i solvent tkiicicb on other properties than Ik thfcvhnld limit value, |>crbaps nvrst promi nent being live vapor pressure and <orr<p jioiviing bulling polity k <s to be pointed nut that even itK.lt n xhnlitly toxic solvent as methyl'lie rlilm iilc wiih ii tbrcdioU (unit value id $00 p.irts per million tuJ r-m ud fatal -oisoiiiug wticre Us great volt litity b,t> rv'ultcd in bnihl-up of conccntuturns liigher than this v.iluc. Solvents vrilk low vapor pressures and high boiling point of ten may be safely used w ith open snrfacd at room temperatures but, if the opetaliea involves healing ihe sokcnl, then there it always the poibi!ily tlo t even the hi|t boiling point ud ien t may be vnpoiizcd suS-
ciciitly to exceed acceptable concentrations
In paxt years, the use of petroleum sohrcnti has imlicntcd a low order of toxicity tine (hcM could t>c expected to be made up of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Today, there is mud increased probability of presence of aromat* liydrocarbons from pctcolcurn sources. Ii <tmu!d he kept In nuud tlmt the oromMir hydrocarbon content limy chnnge with tk same mjiplicr from time to time and coo slant vigilance U necessary to mnke %au tliat the worker who nay be exposed with out Injury to a couple of hundred parti
per million of the pctrblcum hydtocarUr coniaining only aliphatic cw istlUicnli iruj have Id) health seriously Injured on lutrs
duclkm of arom aiks. Denzene `rt, ot course
the most tnxic one ot these ordinarily (ox*
in pctrolciun hydrocarbons.
T h e number of compounds that arc in plicated in the production of cancer of (k lung, bladder, or skin appear to be on tk increase Epidemiological evidence poii* clexrly to the chromium compounds as cauit of lung cancer ju s t how tow the exposi* needs io be to (invent this devclnpmo among more susceptible people is current! not known S o far there seems t<J b< csideuce tliat < xiihicirnt exposure o<fi ;i( cl'im nmin Iil.uing upcialloiix to prrula lliix comlitinii. C e rl'.du dvr lutermcdiatct t> xuflcii'titly eftuLlive in (lie product Inn I bladder tumors that the Slate of I'fiuuy
/* i/llU'i 1/ \il/c/v .<>,<
W ill,! IllX (MSM.il It lltw , U llp tC M lIfllKtl (it the Utitlcl States, Its.tl two of these -- bu i-
naphtbylomme and Itcnzidiiic--may not be produced or used n tlt.it state Some years
ago, on the basis o f animal cxpcrimcuinlKni, tt w jx believed that many of (he h ijji hulling
`oili fiw n catalytic cracking npenhum in
oil refineries were m e r e nruduccrs nl s i in career hxlcusixe control measures vver, m Ihtutcd in mam of the rcfiiirrirs to avoid contact with sm.li oils Over the years, oh. tcfvaiiiiit In s tern cotiliuucil of work,
with some exposure to these oils and in a rteenl publication it was reported that the biirard to tinmans (rout this smnee ilucx not prc,*r to l>c ns rcicre its initially lu u k iu plated
loniring lAdmtions of various lyj*ci arc increasingly common throughout industry to* y . AI|bii, beta, mid gamma r.ulintimis me Ui* most frequent, but neutron exposure may Ho be a factor. Where sources of these types of energy arc present, competent health phyiKMts 'Irniifd survey the installations with appropriate instruments amt make sure that adequate precaution ore observed.
A final category tliat is not a materia! bid x vibration, i (hat of noise. In phnt
H >rcj wiser it is necessary to me an ele.
ted voice ,< hnl.iMcc of n foot nr m. r to shim! In order In c.irry tut n cmivni,|*on, It i* ilcMnddc to make a cheek ot imkc toteniliK-i with o sound level meter Where fl* overall intensity exceeds #5 decibels, it 1 to be recommended that the sound level ineter readings be supplemented with readkg of hitcnsiiic* at sound pressure levels riamly in the 300-600, 600 to 1200, and the ISO through 24U0 cycles per second bands
A,r* fKi1,` A w J ciny of Ophthalmology and Otoh.ryiifirtli.gy icconn.icinls that the InUujity in c.id* of these bauds should not exceed 85 decibels where a steady noise cot*
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