Document kwLVp4KkGepBZ7464qQ5DVyE

H 6 6 -o tjO 8 0 1 Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 24, 1939. NOTE TO MEMBERS: Enclosed is another bulletin in the series prepared by the Preventive Engineering Committee of Air Hygiene Foundation. The new bulletin deals with "Routine Sampling for Control of Atmospheric Impurities" and gives methods for determining some 40 substances more or less commonly found in industrial atmosphores. Extra copies, in addition to the regular membership allotment, arc available at fifty cents each. H. B. Holier Managing Director 03117914 HMBB-000801 Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 23, 1939. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES News Items 34 BOOK REVIEW -- DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. John L. Alden. Published by Industrial Press, 148 Lafayette St., New York, N.Y. 220 pp. #3.00. This book, published recently, includes the articles in ileatii^ and Ventilating and which have been abstracted in this Bulletin. No reprints of the articles have been available to date. It is well known that the literature on exhaust 0 ventilation has been scanty and the author attempts to dispol the mystery sur rounding the subject and to describe it in straightforward engineering toans. The book covers the following subjects: flow of fluids; hood foxms; air fl$vr through hoods; pipe resistance; piping design; dust separators; low pressuf* conveyors; centrifugal exhaust fans; structural dotails and system planning; and field measurements and their interpretation. One purpose of the book 16 to tell the plant engineer how to design or how to buy an oxhaust syetmt that wQl adequately and economically operate, 85 THE KNUDSIN AWARD. Ind. Med. 3, 44, (January 1939). The Knudsen Award, open to members of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Burgeons, is awarded annually for "the most outstanding con tribution to industrial medicine". Members desiring to be considered should notify the committee by March 1, 1939. The award is made on the basis of the best original contribution to medicine as it applies to industry* 86 FOR MORE LIBERAL COMPENSATION. Labor Standards, U. S. Dept. Labor, 8, 6, (January 1939). Another attempt will be made in New York State to liberalize the restricted schedule of compensation for silicosis and to terminate the restrictions entire ly at the end of a 5-year period. Tho 1936 law provided medical benefits for 90 days only and ccnpjns.-.tion for total disability not to exceed #500 in the first month after the bill became effective, the amount increasing #50 a month until a maximum of #300C was reached. The proposed amendment would remove the limitation on medical benefits, would step up the rate of monthly increases and would remove tho ultimate maximum of $3000, A similar bill introduced last year, passed both houses, but was reconsidered and killod in the assembly, 87 LABOR LAW", OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN AND ORDERS OF THE INSMRIAL CCMCSSICM. Industrial Commission of V/isconsin, Madison. 222 pp. (193 In this volume ore published all the labor laws of the States' Under "Safety and Sanitation" eje listed rides for the control of dust, fumes, vapors and gases, spray coatings, mines and caisson work. Other divisions include in juries and compensation, employment of children, hours and wages, labor rela tions and special laws for v/omon in industry. HWBB-0G98019 References to Recent Literature - 2. 88 COMPENSABLE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CASES SETTLED IN WISCONSIN IN 1937. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison. December 3, 1938.. A total of 753 claims were settled in the State for $272,503. Of this total, 707 were for temporary disability, 20 were permanent-partial and 26 were for total disability or death. Twenty-eight types of disease ere listed, the more prominent among them being: dermatitis, 286 cases; plant poisoning, 180; carbon monoxide, 48; lead poisoning, 12; silicosis, 22; heat prostration, 56; freezing, 26; synovitis and teno-synovitis, 55; and tuberculosis, 6. The most noticeable disease on the list is silicosis, which, although it comprised only 3 per cent of the cases, accounted for 60 per cent of the indemnity paid. Eightoen of the 22 silicosis cases were for total disability. Noxt in line are heat prostration, about 10 per cent of the total indemnity, nnd tuberculosis, about 8 per cent. The silicosis cases occurred in the following industries: iron mining, 6; stone .5> cutting and polishing, 3; iron foundries, 9; steel foundries, 1; foundry and mach ine shop products, 2; and agate and enamel ware, 1. ,< 89 MASSACHUSETTS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE COVERAGE PROPOSALS. Labor Standards, U* S. Dept, of Labor, 6, (January 1939). Labor Standards is a monthly publiiatioft, for sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., 10 cents per copy, 75 cagta per year. | Several plans have been presented to tho special Massachusetts legislative !% cess commission studying problems of silicosis and other pulmonary disea** eorer- ages under the workmen'3 compensation act. One provides for a ccnpulsory pool to toko care of silicosis end dust cases, with provision for assignment of risks rcjectod by three insurance companies at ratos approved by tho contissloner of insurance; provision for apportionment of risks among compensation carriers; and a provision permitting carriers to pool their excess lossos from assigned risks. Another plan would set up a State fund, in the custody of tho State treasurer, for extra hazardous employments. This fund would be established and maintained by contributions from all insurance carriers, and from it carriers of assigned risks would be repaid the losses in excess of 70 per cont of the premiums of such risks. Still another plan legalizes self-insurance under certain circumstances* A fourth plan separates occupational disease and accidont claims, and limits oc cupational disease claims to total disability. % 90 NOMOGRAMS FOR THE COMPUTATION OP DATA OP FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL -1 'V" V ' HKHEHE. J.M* Dalla Valle. Div. Ind. Hyg., U.S. Public Health Service, 'Washington, D. C. A useful set of nomograms covering (1) dilution of lmpinger samples, (2) camputation of dust concentration, (3) conversion of mg. per liter to parts .per million, (4) rate of particle fail by Stokes' law, (5) computation of relative humidity, (6) friction loss in round pipes, (7) computation of airflow from pitot readings, (8) velocity exterior of an opening under suction, (9) height, age, and weight relationship of adult men and women. 91 REDESIGN OF WORKING BOOTHS TO REDUCE DUST COUNTS. Car. Ind., 32, 60, (Jan.1939). A redesigning of the working booths in the porcelain department of tbs General Electric Company has produced some surprisingly low dust counts in these booths v:hore unfirod waro is trimmed on lathes. A stream of air is made to pass down ward in front of the operator, not striking him directly, and then out through openings in two staggered baffle plates in the rear of the booth. Dust counts in the operators exposure zone 'wore approximately tho same as the general plant atmosphere. 031179IE 1 References to Recent Literature - 3. HmBB-0008020 92 LABOR PROTECTION AS LECTURE MVIERIAL FOR 'TECHNICAL SCHOOL DIRECTORS, St* Folkhard, Arbeitsschuxz, pp. 201-3 (1938) (German).. C-\ i The author advocates the establishment of courses in the technical schools for instruction in labor laws, applied physiology, labor psychology and Labor pro tection. Short courses could be arranged for safety engineers. (B) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. .1 93 P'KEI'OLOGSTFOR EIJGINEERS. H. iV, Haggard. Mech. Eng., 61, 8-12, (Jan. 1939). Robert Henry Thurston Lecture at Annual Meeting Am. Soo. Mech. Engrs. Dec. 1938. Physiology for engineers is a much more importent subject than is apparent on first consideration. Numerous engineering achievements in the past have greatly changed human environment and the resultant effects on human physiology should be known, and appreciated. Dr. Haggard does not attempt to give a course in physiology, but merely stresses the importance of this element in the engineers problems. The study of the human body is a complicated subject. It is emphasize that the body acts as a whole unit and that a disturbance in the operations of ono part will affect to some extent tho v.-holc unit. To illustrate, two examples of engineering progress are cited: modern artifical lighting and air conditioning. It is possible that, because of the lack of proper light and the attendant eyestrain, a fair proportion of men and women suffer physiological distuabances that interfere with their work, their digestion or their disposition. Likewise, other abnormal concitions may cruse similar disturbances in a normal operation of. the unit. An almost opposite picture is presented in air conditioning. The bmnan body responds only to stimulation and in tho perfectly controlled atmospheres -;f air conditioned rooms is the possibility that the temperature regulating mech anism of the body may become sluggish and stagnate, to precipitate other fac tional disturbances. These numerous physiological factors should he given con sideration by engineers in problems of which nan is a part. 94 DO GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS PAY? Victor G. Heiser. National Assoc. Manufacturers, Report of Committee on Healthful Working Conditions. December 1938. Obtainable from Division of Publications, National Association of Manufacturers, 19 W. 44 Street, New York City, at 5 cents a copy -- free to Association members. This publication includes a preliminary report of the Cocaaittee together with the address of Dr. Heiser, Chairman, at the Congress of American Industry. Dr. Heiser points out some of the reasons why healthful working conditions are de sirable in a factory and how every manufacturer can compare conditions in his own factory with that in others of similar nature. Bnph&sis is being placed by the Committee on the smaller companies. More support should be given to exist ing industrial,medical and engineering research laboratories for further in vestigation and assistance on the problems that exist. 95 THE EFFECTS OF OCCUPATION AND OF ITS ACCOMPANYING ENVXRDJACEJfT ON MORTALITY. P. Stocks. J. Roy Statistical Soc. 101, 669-96 (1938) (British). Some occupations have given the statistical impression of being intrinsically unhealthy, whereas thoir unfavorable mortality might arise from their particu lar localization, whereby the workers and thoir families share the higher deathrates which predominate in That locality. This fact may be a factor in certain industries only carried on in larger cities, and, though well distributed over the country, high mortality may be duo, not entirely to the industry itself, but tc the urban conditions. Cases are cited in England, where, if these facts are overlooked, certain erroneous conclusions might be drawn* Conclusions drawn from a survey of tho general population show that higher death ratos can be cor related with higher latitudes, housing facilities and ratio of unskilled work ers, A ratio* of the standardized mortality of males to that of married women has been used to indicate whether a high mortality among employed non represents ^ tiue occupational risk or is one inherent in the environment. 03117917 HKBB-00080? References to Recent Literature - 4. 9 6 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 30ARD TO JUNE 30, 1938. E.M. Stationery Office, London, 1938. Obtainable from the British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. Price Is. Part I of this Report contains a summary of the wort in the past 20 years. Much of the earlier studies wore devoted to hours of labor, fatigue, efficiency and other general subjects. Part II deals with the work of the past year dur ing which tine tho studies on illumination have been giver. much attention. The toxicity of industrial solvents has been investigated and it is intended later, if possible, to chock the toxic effects of all solvents before they ere issued commercially. No extensive discussion is given of dust and pulmonary disease, as the comprehensive survey of silicosis in the South Woles Coalfields is still uncompleted. 97 SIXTEENTH ANNUEL REPORT OF THE SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH BOARD, 1937. H.M. Stationery Office, London, (1938) (British). A large part of the report is devoted to progress reports on the studies of coal dust and firedamp explosions, flameproofing of electrical mining machinery, mine lighting, explosives, safety lamps, and other miscellaneous safety factors. Considerable work is being done on those subjects. A group of reports classed as health researches includes the study of mine temperatures, silicosis, and 0 protection against dust. One set of experiments showed no ill effects of ex* posure to an air velocity of 1,000 f.p.m. of dry air at a temperature above that of tho body, a temperature which was found in one of the mines. It was conclud ed, in studies of the excretion of silica in urine, that this* type of test can not be used as a reliable method in the diagnosis of silicosis. Dost inhalation experiments are still being carried out in South Wales and it is hoped that guinea-pig lung pictures will be obtained corresponding to: (1) anthracite dust alone; (2) anthracite dust, stone dust, and varying quantities of nitrous fuses; and (3) stone dust with nitrous fumes. Certain other tests have shown that the employment of a plant embodying the "Hay" mist projector principle reduces dust *. by 90 per cent. 98 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. D. Stewart. Public Health, 51, 165-8, (March 1938} (British). The criticism is made that the public health official does not appear to be aware of the industrial community as an entity or to consider administrative problems in their bearing on industrial workers. The author makes a plea for full cooperation between these public health officials and those concerned now v.-ith industrial hygiene matters. The bulk of the present day services in in dustrial hygiene is done by tho more enlightened companies and by full coopera tion those services could be given wider application. 99 THE TREND OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION. H. D. Sayer. Text of address at the National Safety Congress, Chicago, October, 1936. Reprints obtainable from the Association of Casualty and Surety Executives, 60 John St. New Yolk City Compensation for occupational disease and accidental injury is similar basical ly and logically, but their causes and effects are so dissimilar that they re quire almost entirely different treatment. Accidents occur at a specific moment, in point of time, but this is not true of most occupational diseases, and it makes difficult the fixing of liability. Another problem ia in the tom* of coverage as prescribed by law. Some states have "all inclusive" statutos which make the coverage indefinite and impossible to keep within the bounds original ly intended. No new legislation of this type has been enacted within tha past throe years. The trend has been towards specific schedules of compensable dis eases, which limit the liability of the employer, reduce litigation, and make the administration much simpler. A brief description is given of the "graduat ed" method of compensation of silicosis cases which have accrued in the past, but which have only recently been made compensable. Liability starts at only a 03117918 HHBB-000802? References to Recent Literature - 5. nominal amount (some are $500) and increases monthly to a in two or three years. It is not ideal, but prevents the employer from haring to pay, out of current income, for liability accrued during past years. 100 SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM. IS. L. Dobbie-Bateman. Ind. 'Welfare, 20, 403-8, (Octobor 1938) (British) The author is full-time physician to a large store haring about 6000 employees. Attendances at the clinic are as voluntary as possible, but are obligatory for (1) preliminary examination for appointment, (2) reporting accidents incurred at work, and (3) before return to duty after illness. In over 3000 preliminary examinations in 3 years, 80.5 per cent were classed as fit, 14,5 per cent as partially fit, and 5 per cent as unfit. Prom sickness records it appears that women take more time off than men and that those engaged in selling have higher sickness rates than others. Sickness is higher in winter months, particularly in latter part of the season. About 45 to 50 per cent of time lost was due to respiratory diseases. Digestive diseases accounted for about 10 per cent. 101 ALUMINUM AND SILICOSIS. R, C. Emmons and Carl Pries. American Mineralogist,23, 664-60, (October 1938). In the study of "protector" dusts, Denny, Robson and Irwin (Abstract Ho. 39, 1937, this Bulletin) contended that the action of almlna was to reduce the amount of silica in solution; that the toxic action of silica depended on the amount in solution. The authors agree that alumina is a protector dust buf dis agree on the explanation of its action. First thoy state that it Is the ptr ticulate (undissolved) silica which is held to be the cause of fibrosis d not the dissolved silica which is easily transported by the blood and axcretad. Ths action of the alumina is to hydrolyze to the insolublo hydroxide wbieir floccu lates the smaller silica particles not yet in solution into masses large enough to be removed by phagocytosis. In beaker experiments where the pH of ths water was kept below 5.0 to prevent the alumina frean hydrolyzing to the hydroxide, there was no flocculation or reduction of the amount of particulate silica in suspension. In alkaline solutions, however, large reductions of suspended silica v:ere noted, other substances such as carbon black, iron oxide (hematite) and the alkaline earth carbonates produce tho same reactions that are well knows in clarification in water treatment. 102 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN THE FNEIMDCONIOSES (PARTICULARLY SILICOSIS) A$D TUBERCULOSIS. E. Gonzalez Anclra. Arch.des malad. profes., 1_, 379*68, (NoFeiaber 1938} (French) The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and the pneumoconioses is not diffi cult if the following points are given consideration: (1) exposure to dust and its composition, (2) complete laboratory examination, and (3) correct use of the x-ray. Under (1), the details cannot be too exact. Under (2), oertain laboratory teats may be carried out, which, if done correctly, will help dif ferentiate between the two. Characteristics of x-rays are described, which, if followed through in detail, will further aid in the diagnosis. By the use of the combined signs and symptoms covered under these three main considerations a correct diagnosis should not be difficult. 103 FIGHT AGAINST SILICOSIS IN THE METAL INDUSTRY. Anon. Oberflackentecb., 15, 189-1, (1938). Silicosis develops in men sandblasting or grinding metals more rapidly than in miners. Means for preventing inhalation of the fine dust, adequate equipment and clinical aspects are briefly discussed. Grinding wheels of artificial stone, as carborundum, are more sanitary, as the dust does not contain any free silica which is tho cause of silicosis. Wherever possible artificial stones should be used. 03117919 H W 86-00080 References Recent; Literature - 6. 104 SILICOSIS AMONG GRINDERS* J.L.A. Grout. Brit. Jour. Radiol. 11, 366-70, (Juno 1938), The author gives on interesting report of the work of Sheffield grinders in sharpening knives, forks and needles and thoir working conditions during the 18th end 19 centuries. The grinding was all done with sandstone wheels, the ('rinding of knives being done wot anu that of fortes dry. Fork grinders seldom lived beyond the age of 32, v/hilo the knife grinders occasionally lived to 50 years. In 1833, out of 2500 grinders, not 35 had lived to be 50; of 80 fork grinders, exclusive of boys, not a single worker of 36 years was alive. Although some attempts were made to alleviate these conditions, they remained much the sene for generations, until recently. In 1834 a dust control program, much the same as those in effect today, was proposed but was apparently never enforced. During more recent years the-replacesacnt of the sandstones by artificial ab rasives has almost eliminated silicosis from this industry. 105 DETERMINATION 0? ACID INSOLUBLE MATTER IN THE SPUTA OF SILICOTICS. H. Civin, I. A. Schreier, B. Martelio and J.D. Hardy. J. Ind. Hyg it Toxicol., 2^, 1-4, 0 (January 1939). The determination of mineral residue in the sputum of silicotics is a compara tively recent study, and no thorough investigation of the subject has as yet .0 been made. Burke (see Abstract No. 873, Dec. 1938) made a microscopic study of the sputum of silicotics and non-silicotic3, but the technic available made it difficult to distinguish particles accurately. In the present study the authors determined the weight of the total acid-insoluble solids in 100 cc of spumto. Thoir method i3 completely described in the paper. The average free silice con tent of the solid matter, determined with hydrofluoric acid after ignition* was 71 per cent. They found some solid matter in the lungs of all examined, but noted that the sputum of proved silicotics showed distinctively higher values than that of non-silicotics. The sputum of 83 non-silicotics contained from 0.8 to 2.5 mg. residue per 100 cc while 84 por cent of 32 silicotic cases contained over 2.5 mg. per 100 cc, and some values were as high as 20 mg. Many silicotics gave high results oven after years of absence from a dusty trade. It is suggest- " ed that these doteiminations may prove to be of value in the diagnosis of silicos: 106 VARYING ANATOMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE RIGHT HEART IN SEVERE SILICOSIS. H. Letterer, Verhcndl. d. deutsch Gesell. f. Kreislauf. 11th session, pp. 400-5, (1936)(German! Of 13 cases of severe simple silicosis the author found that 11 had hypertrophy of the right heart with a 6-10 m. thick wall of the conus puloonali a. Of 28 casos with sevore silicosis complicated by tuboruulosis there were only 9 cases with this condition. It seems possible therefore that tuberculosis hinders the develojxaent of hypertrophy of the right heart and can perhaps oven bring about a diminution of it. 107 the DANGER 0? SILICOSIS AND PRACTICAL SAFETY MEASURES. Derdack. Zbl.f .Gewerbeb*^ 25, 167.70 (1938) (Gorman). The author discusses the dust produced in the manufacture of fireproof bricks and deals briefly with means for preventing its dissemination* 108 THE EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION OF THE SO-CALLED SILICOTIC NODULE. A. Pollcard. Bull. Histol. appl. physiol, path. tech, microscop. 13, 67-7$ (1938) (French). Histologic and histo-chemical studies were made of pathologic tissue from the lungs of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits which had inhaled quartz or chalcedony dust fur 8-25 months. The fibrous changes produced in the lungs of these animals differed markedly from the fibro-hyalin nodules found in human silicosis pat ients. Conclusion: the origin of human silicotic nodules cannot as yet bo de finitely ascribed to silica itself. Note: See abstracts Nos. 15 and 16 in January, 1939, Bulletin. 03117920 HBBB-000807 References to Recent Literature - 7. 109 A2EBST0SIS. J* V. Spcrks. 3rit. J. Radiol. 11, 371-7, {June 1938) (British) The paper describes the clinical ?ji& radiological signs of asbestosis, The chief complications are (1) purulent bronchitis, (2) broncho-pneumonia, (3) puLnonary tuberculosis, and (4) carcinoma, 110 THE ADSORPTION EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DUSTC ON DILUTED "0LD"TU5ERCULIN. S.L. Cumins and E.M. Williams. J, Ryg., 38 , 638-46 11908). The adsorption power of various types .of finely-divided dusts for the active part of tuberculin was studied by shaking 1 gram samples of such dusts v.lth 10 ml. of c 0.1 per cent solution of tuberculin for 5 minutes, incubating at 37 for 30 minutes and keeping thorn overnight at room temperature. The clear liquid C*7\ was removed, centrifuged, sterilised and tested. It was found that the adecrptioi power increased in the inversed ratio of particle size, that anthracite and fusion dust of comparable particle sisc have the same adsorption power, and that sandstone from different locations and shale dust, sericite, chalcedony and quartz dust also adsorb the active principle of tuberculin to different extents. It is suggested that the -datively low morbidity, toxicity and mortality from <r*\ tuberculosis noted in cual minors exposed to siliceous dust are due to the ad sorption of tuberculous toxin by finely-divided coal dust inhaled with the duet from hard stone. <=?\ 111 THE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF FLEURS SURFACES TO IMPLANTED DUSTS. W.R. BJ and M.W. First. J. Lab. and Clin. Mod., 24, 44-52, (1938). Forty rabbits were subjected to intra-plcurol Implantation of dust and, additional rabbits a3 controls, were autopsied after 15, 30, 45, 60, and days. Typically inert, absorptive and proliferative reactions were the pleura in response to various dusts. These responses were osasstJ same as those produced in serous cavities elsewhere in the body by othef" The injection of dusts into the pleural cavities, especially because of its proxi mity to lung tissue, was found to be suitable in both results and economy* 112 RADIOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CHTEAlN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. J.F. 3railsford Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 393-400 (1938) (British). The author summarizes Roholm* s study of fluorine intoxication, contracted by those handling cryolite. Eighty-four per cent of the workers examined had bone changes -- a diffuse osteosclerosis, which was on the whole proportional to the period of employment. Half of the workers shoved radiographic evidencos of pul monary fibrosis similar to that seen in silicosis but more Innocent in nature, but it v,-as undecided as to whether the fluorine or the associated quarts had caused the fibrosis. Against this, an examination of 49 workers In Scotland ex posed to alumina and cryolite dusts failed to establish the existonco of osteo sclerosis or of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of long exposure* Other examples of the radiograph as a diagnostic tool are citod. *113 TESTS 0? RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH RADIOLOGICAL APPEARANCES IN THE LUNDS. E.M. Killick. Brit. J. Radiol., U, 401-4, (June 1938. (British) The tests of respiratory efficiency used were: (1) vital capacity of the liags; (2) ventilation equivalent for oxygen (vol. of air breathed per 100 cc* oxygen absorbed); (3) volume of dead space; and (4) exercise tolerance teats. Seven men whose pulmonary lesions had been diagnosed as silicosis or asbestosis, ell show ed well-defined functional Impairment on the basis of one or more of the above tests. Eleven arc welders were examined and five of the number, haring signs of early pneumoconiosis, gave, on the whole, poorer performances than the other six* It is concluded that tests of respiratory efficiency should help to distinguish between early fibrosis and the deposition of dust in the lungs without marked fibrous tissue reaction. 03117921 HW8B-0008025 References to Recent Literature - 8. 114 RNZllfONlA IN INDUSTRY. George F. Obrien. Ind. Med., 39-42, (January 1939), Industry has made great strides in reducing mortality from injuries, but much time is lost and many deaths still occur from respiratory diseases. Industry furnishes many of the predisposing factors in pnenaonia and should interest it self in the problem, and In sproading tho modern concepts of pneumonia and its treatment. The symptoms of pnotmonic arise from infection and anoxia; serum therapy is directed against the infection, and oxygen therapy against the anoxia, and control of tho tv;o fact'orc will control pneumonia. 115 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE LUNGS IN AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. R. Fawcitt. Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 378-92, (June 1938) (British). Agricultural workers ore liablo to infection by organic matter, micro-fungi, bacteria and parasites frem vogetablo matter nd an-tawi excrota. Various types of mycotic infection of the lungs are described, and the radiological appear ances illustrated. The author is of the opinion that the common micro-fungi, though usually innocuous, may become pathogenic under certain conditions and that tho incidence of harmful infection is more common And widespread than is general ly realized. Certain types of bacterial and parasitic pulmonary disease are also described. 116 SYPHILIS CONTROL IN INDUSTRY. R.R. Sayers. Supp. No. 140, Public Health Reports (1938). Mure than 1 million years of life expectancy are lost every year by syphilitic deaths in this country, and in institutional care the disease costs us between 40 and 50 million dollars annually. As a purely economic problem, industry should be interested in wiping out tho disease, but comparatively few ccapanlee hmve done much on the problem. The question of whether or not industry should hire a syphilitic is discussed. Except as food handlers, barbers, etc*, it is stated that they should bo kept at their jobs and given close medical supervision. A doctor of one large company advocates a certain amount of medical care by indus try and at least cooperation with Stato officials who can supply free anti syphilitic drugs and offer consultation on problems of control, 117 STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN. PART 1, SUMMARY. Part 2, ANALYSIS OF UR LAWS FOR AOMIN WORKERS, F.P, Smith, U,S, Dept. Labor, Wesson's Bureau. Bull. No. 156, Parts 1 and 2, (1938), These bulletins summarize the State laws regarding work hours, meal time, rest periods, night work, seating, and other items. All but 4 States have some sort of law regulating the hours women may work, 16 States having a maximum of 8 hours a day. It is significant that 17 States prohibit women working in mines, and other States prohibit than in coke ovens and quarries. Only 1? have laws governing home work, and only 22 have minimum wage laws. Part 2 of the bulle tin is devoted entirely to presenting in tabular form the points covered by various State laws for women as of March 31, 1938. 113 FORWARDING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN COAL MINING BY USE OF WATERING MEI33DS. D. Harrington & J,J, Forbes. U.S. Bur, Mines Inf, Circ, No 7041,11 pp,(Dec.1938). It is well known that coal dust, even In absence of gas, is explosive and can initiate or propagate on explosion in a mine. It is also believed by many per sons that all atmospheric dusts may be haimful if breathed in largo quantities fo. long periods of time. For those reasons the authors stress the importance of dust control in coal mines. This paper enumerates the principal sources of dust and describes practical methods of employing water as on of the most effective of the known methods to allay dust in coal mines. Most dust in mines originates at the face and the amount of water necessary, if applied efficiently, is not excessive. In some mines the water is supplied by special tanks on mining 03117922 HW6B-00080? References to Recent Literature - 9. machines, but most mines now using water for dust control nave installed com plete pipe line systems* Several typical installations are described in the circular together with pictures which illustrate the mot hods nov: in use. 119 EXAMPLE OF AN INSTALLATION FOR THE CONTROL OF THE K1GIEMIC EXPOSURE \RI3INO FROM THE APPLICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. S. C. Rothnann. Ind. lied., 8 b-12 (January 1939). The author describes some of tho problems in connection with the dust and lead hazards in tho glazing department of a "dinnerwarc* pottery plant. The lead hazard is probably the most important, although in recent years the increased as of "fritted" glares has reduced the hazard because of the formation of in soluble lead compounds by pre-fusing. Hand dipping of ware is not in itself dangerous; most dust is causea by stirring up of accixnilated dried glaze on floors, boards, tubs and clothing. An automatic spray glazing machine and the necessary exhaust booth in connection with it arc described. 120 ELECTRICAL DUST PRECIPITATION. J, Wuyckcns. Mem. univ. Bruxelles, 95 pp. {1937)(Belgian). Details are given of a laboratory investigation relating to tho electrio pre cipitation of dust from a stream of air. The apparatus consisted In: a derice for making regular and uniform the distribution of the dust in the air stream, a small Cottrell type of precipitator and an oil filter for remoring dust-from the effluent stream of air. Among the factors studied were: effect of du^t concentration on efficiency; effect of eloctronotive force employed withi the range 7300-12000 volts; effect of tho velocity of the air stream and the rela tion between electromotive force and current in the discharge. A hlffc degree of purification is more readily obtained by a roduction of velocity of tho stream than by an increase of electromotive foroe. The scale effect controll ing the possibility of applying laboratory results to large-scale plants is discussed. 121 FRICTION LOSS IN PIPING. E. A. Windham. Heating, Piping, and Air Cond. 11, 6-8, (January 1939). The author has developed in the course of his work two charts of friction loss in pipes which are reproduced. Most empirical formulae apply over only a limited range of temperatures and it is frequently necessary, particularly in air duct work, to compute friction losses when the temperature varies consider ably from the standard conditions. The author has made use of tho Panning equa tion, and has simplified its application for general use. Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancerf Dermatitis, etc, HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL IN THE ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY. H. A Dyktor and John Buxell. Bulletin, Dept. Public Welfare, Industrial Hygiene Div., City of St. Louis, Mo.* 33 pp. (1938). In a study of the electroplating industry in St. Louis, the authors found no health hazard which necessitated drastic action* Most plants were provided with moans of controlling the hazards encountered and present control methods could be perfected with only minor changes or by proper maiatcnr\nc of present equip ment. In tho cases whore deficiencies occurred, they woro due to lack of prop er information or to tho use of erroneous information, and this Bulletin is published to fill thut lack. It covers the hazards of dusts, add mists and vapors, trichlorethyleno and carbon tetrachloride, chromium, lacquers, skin diseases and other miscellaneous items of personal hygiene, sanitation and gen eral safety. No one subject is covered completely, but the Bulletin is a valu able guide to those operating electroplating plants. 03117923 HhBB-0008027 References to Recent Literature - 15. 123 A SURVEY OF INDUS'!RIAL HYGIENE CONDITIONS IN THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY OF RHODE ISLAND. J. Wuroftic and C.V. Hickey. Div. of Indust. Hyg., State Dept, of Public Health, Providence (1938). The Jewelry industry in Rhode Island conprises 289 plants employing 10,315 workers, about one-hclf of whom -.re women. More then half of the plants em ploy loss than 10 workers. It was found that 8912 or 86 per cent of the number were not exposed to any hazardous material or process in any manner and the percentage of those exposed to any degree at all was very small (0.28 per cent). A few (436 or 4.3 per eont) were engaged in electroplating work and the ser iousness of their exposure is questioned pending further investigation. 124 SEVERAL TOXIC VOLATILE INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. D. Gilbert. Bruxelles-Mad., 18, 1189 (July 19, 1938} (Belgian). Because physicians are likely to encounter some of the growing number of toxic industrial solvents, the author discusses a few of them in this paper and lists others -which aro either not discussed at length or are otherwise generally well known. Attention is especially culled to tho chlorinated hydrocarbon group. He stresses particularly that the solvents as used ore rarely puro tv3 that this fact should be taken into consideration along with other factors such as the origin of the solvent, its instability, and the particular conditions of its use in the plants. 125 SOLVENTS AND THEIR DANGERS. Wenzel. Zontr.Goworbehyg.Unfall., 25, 217-24 (1938) (German). Industrial solvents aro classified as to their general use, o.g., viscosity changers, plasticizers, azeotropic mixtures, extractants, degreosere, solventa for solids, impregnators, pharmaceuticals, and carriers for other materials. Many examples are given. The flammability, physiological action, origin and in dustrial use of many solvents arc discussed. Special attention is given to spray booth design and <~xhau3t, paints end lacquers, and solvents used in tho rubber and textile industries. The most important phase of worker protection is adequate education as to tho danger and proper handling of the solvent in question. 126 EVALUATION 0? THE ODOR NUISANCE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KRAFT PAPER. J.M. DallaVallo and H.C. Dudley. U.S, Pub. Health Reports, 54 , 35-43, (Jon. 13, 1939), Kraft paper is tho brown paper used in rotail stores for wrapping packages; heavier grades are used in shipping carton and containers. The authors outline the method used in evaluating tho odor nuisance generated in the manufacture of this type of paper by the sodiisn sulfide - sodium hydroxide process* The odors of hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfur compounds, carbon gases and a chemical smoke containing large quantities of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfide are given off during nearly all processes and pass out through the stacks to be classed as s nuisance in the neighborhood. The human nose is ramarkably sensitive to minute traces of these substances in tho atmosphere, evon In those concentra tions that aro well below tho toxic limit. It is concluded that in the neigh borhood of the plants the concentrations of toxic gases are of do consequence. The major contributing factor in the obnoxious conditions is due to the large amounts of solid chemical materials, mostly sodiim sulfate, which are blown out through the stacks ana soon settle to the ground. Tho possibility of electrical precipitation for prevention and economical recovery is stressed. 03117924 HwBB-00080 References to Recent Literature - II 12? THE DANGERS OF ARC WELDING, li. Pozzi. Arch. des malad. profes., 1, 389-414, (November 193S) (French). " The author reviews the materials entering into the arc as well as -he metals usually welded. He considers the dangors as duo to (1) burns, (2) glare, and its effects on the- eye and (3) funes. The injury in the case of glare may be due to both ultraviolet or infrared rays. The effect of the fumes, if the ex posure is severe, is to produce an acuto Ironcho-pneumcnin of which the prog nosis is unfavorable. If the exposure is moderate but prolonged, symptoms of pneumoconiosis develop: a fooling of constriction of the chest, dyspnoa, and persistent cough. Occasionally metal fume fever occurs but nore often a gen eral malaise combined with severe headaches and insomnia. No mention i3 made of possible nitrous fumes in the gases from the arc. Measures of protection ore: welder's goggles, partitioning off of the welling spaces to protect other v.-erkers from the glare, removal of fumes by local exhausts, and good general ventilation. 128 STANDARDIZATION OF GAS MASKS AND RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. K, Quasebart, U.D.I. Ztschr., 82, 147-3, (1938) (German). To enable interchange of parts and apparatus of respiratory equipment, regard- loss of make, manufacturers end officials have cooperated in establishing,codes of standardisation of such equipment. Ten codes arc planned. It is alsotpic- pcsed to define uniform names for all apparatus and parts. f 129 THE ABSORPTION OF IRRITANT GASES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. I.D. Gadaskima J. Physiol. (U.S.3.R.) 23, 7G2-90, (1937) (Russian). The inhalation of irritant gases by rabbits and the analysis of the exhaled gases showed that nearly all was absorbed in the upper respiratory passages. A non-irritating gas, like nitrogen dioxide, is absorbed largely in the lower respiratory tract, none in the upper. 130 THE REACTION OF THE CLOTHED HUMAN 3GDY TO VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY. C.-E.A. Winslow, L.P. Herrington end A.P. Gagge. An. J. Physiol., 124, 692-703, (December 1938). 3olow 25C (77F), the zone of body cooling, relative humidity has so appreci able influence on physiological reactions. Above this temperature the rela tive humidity begins to take effect ana with higher temperatures and high humidities the nude body adjusts itself much better than tho clothed body* With higher temperatures and low humidity the clothed subject can tolerate a slight ly higher operative temperature. During suamer months tho mechanism of sweat secretion is in better working order and consequently the response to higher temperatures la better during those months. 131 THE VENTILATION OF STATELESS ROOMS. NOTE FROM THE BDILDINO RESEARCH STATION. J. Instn, Heat. & Vent. Engrs. (London) 428-34, (October 1936) (British), Observations were made in an experimental house to deteimine tho ventilation provided by an open ventilator in a room not provided with a flue or chimney. It was found that in an average room over a wide range of temperature differ > . ences and wind velocities, tho ventilator provided approximately the some ven tilation as did an unheated flue of normal type. It was observed that in a heated fluelcss room, with an ordinary wall type ventilator, tho air-change may fall as low as 0.3 per hour or loss. 03117925 r.a :y.: i-ic^ra'-orc - HWBB-00080? 132 FIR3T CHANGES OF THE WHITE BLOOD IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO LEAD. A.H. Muller. Klin. tfchnschr. 17, 1183-6, (1938) (Goman). The author roports on results of periodic examinations (over a 1 year period) of street car and bus lacquerers. He notos that with great regularity ho found hich lymphocyte counts, without other signs of lead absorption or lead injury. It is considerod that this lymphocytosis can justify an especially careful nodical supervision in tho absence of other signs of load poisoning. 133 LEAD AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. G.VJ. Gunther. Deutsch. med. Y/chnschr. 64, 1146-7, (1938) (German). Description is given of the illness of a 45-year old linotype 3otter who died of a cardiac infarct and coronary thrombosis* For many years he had had hii blood pressure, one in recent years was employed only occasionally as a type setter. Examination of the organs showod 0.115 per cent lead in the liver and spleen and 0.58 per cent in tho bone. Since thore was no familial disposition to premature high blood pressure and in view of the long exposure to load, a causal relationship between industrial load injury and high blood pressure was assumed. The recent lack of exposure was taken into consideration. 0 134 NEft SOURCES OF LEAD POISONING. Mornac. Ann, d*hyg. pp. 362-4, (1938) (French) The author describes tho uso of great quantities of load araenio in Insecti cides used by farmers and the ccaaplote carelessness in the handling of it. Bn 0 found cases of load poisoning by users of the insecticide and reoomaends the substitution of alumimsa arsenates. 4 135 LEAD POISONING? L, Schwartz. Samm. v. Vorgiftungsf. 9^, 41-6, (1936) (Qtea), A 31-year old cable layer fell ill with ocular motor paralysis* Sines thcjgsftd hazard to cable layers seemed slight, and no other signs of load ptiMtAgjr could be proven with certainty, tho referee on the case rejected the posffoll- ity of load poisoning, suggested observation in a hospital* At ths clinic, snail quantities of lead were found in the blood, urine and feces, hut ths quantities were v/ithin normal limit3. 136 A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE SPECTRO-CHQilCAL ANALYSIS OF VERY 3CALL AMDUBTS OF BIOLOGIC;!. MATERIALS FOR SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND LEAS. . O.S, Duffendack, H.3. Thomson, W.c. Leo, and O.G, Koppius. J, Biol. Ch^*. 126, 1-7, (1938). A dotailou description is given for tho method used. Lead was determined in urine and by the method described, it is possible with extreme caution to measure accurately 0.1 mg. lead per liter. 137 DETECTION OF LEAP IN ETHYL LEAD .1 OBSERVATIONS ON THE VOLATILITY OF TETRA ETHYL LEAD. H. Sieboneck. Chem-Ztg., 62, 188-189, (1936) (German)* This question was studied in connection with the detection of load in ths waste liquor from ethylizing apparatus. The use of dlthizone was shown to be not altogether trustworthy for lead detection, as load-free benzine gave color reactions. Tho use of & 1 per cent dimercaptol-thiodiazol solution is re commended. Experiments showed that tetraethyl lead is volatile in normal temp eratures when mixed with hydrocarbons. 138 JUDGING HEART MUSCLE INJURIES AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H. Sym&nskt, Aerztl. Sachverstandig.-Ztg,, 44, 183-204, (1938) (Gorman). The author discusses first, on the basis of the literature, tho possibility and occurrence of cardiac muscle injuries in acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. Ho then presonts eight detailed and instructive cases of heart trouble which had cuoo before him as a reforoe. The question to be decided was whether the disease was causod by carbon monoxide or hastened by it. In seme, this question was affirmed, in some donied. 03117926 -2< ~rs. References "x- Recent Literature - 10. 139 CARBON MONOXIDE j\ND EPILEPSY. X. Symanski. S.-jam. v. Yergiftungsf., 9, 23-40, (1938) (Goman). "* A blacksmith in a gas works was exposed occasionally to carbon monoxide rjid at the age of 35 he fell ill vlth epileptif o*".i attacks., The expert (in a court case) considered this as genuine epilepsy, denying any relationship to carbcu monoxide inhalation, since the signs were not present. 140 LATE EPILEPSY IN TIE COURSE OF CAR30N MONOXIDE PCITONING. 0. Schiersmanr.. Ztsch. ges. Neurol, u. Psychiat., 163, 656-69, (October 1938) (German). True epileptic seizures occurred in a war veteran, 60 yeui'S old, 14 years after carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust gases of a benr.ol engine during the war. The seizures, v.hieh developed rapidly, were characterized by convulsions, torso like and athetoid movements, loss of the reaction of pupils to light, and un consciousness. Minor seizures had occurred six months after exposure and at infrequent intervals following. Mentally, the patient showed disturbed sleep, apathy, emotional flattening, lack of initiative, weakness of memory, hysteri cal trends and generally demented behavior. 141 TESTIS AND EIPOPHXSIS IN GASHED !^LE RATS. C.A. Patterson, E. Smith, and A.D. Pickett. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 38, 455-60 (1938) (British). Male rats v/ere exposed for 1 hour daily for 5C or more days to an atmosphere containing 0.34 per cent carbon monoxide. The testis and epididymus weiglt wa3 reduced by 50 per cent and their spermatozoa were reduced in number and motil ity. The hypophysis became basophilic, with many vacuolated cells, but the gonadotropic hormone content was increased. 142 CARBON MONOXIDE P0I60NING. Howard A. Martin. Ohio State Med. JA, 34, 1231-3 (1938). The author reviews the literature on carbon monoxide poisoning. Symptoms of both acute and chronic poisonings arc described and the important onos specially noted. He reviews the various items in the treatment of both types of poisonings and the paper should bo of interest to all physicians. 143 THE H2L0G2MATED HYDROCARBONS OF THE FATTY SERIES AS SOLVENTS AND THEIR SIGSflFTCANCB TO THE MEDICAL PRACTICE. V/. Guoffroy and W. Ehrhardt. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Unfall., 25, 224-30, (1938) (German). These sclvonts a3 a class aro toxic, capable of producing acute poisonings and occasionally blood changes. While the lungs aro the chief portal of entry into the body, skin absorption is also possible. The specific properties of some of the compounds are discussed in detail, and they should all be regarded as active toxic egenta. No specific medical prophylaxis for chronic poisonings of this class is known. 144 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING. T.M. Perry. Arch. Path. 26, 923-41 (Nov. 1938). A description is given of hepatic (liver) damage and reP^Tv in uan based on three cases of accidental poisoning studied clinically and at autopsy. Three negroes hod ingested a roach poison, a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and ethy lene dichloride, which they had mistaken for an intoxicant. Two of the men died too early {6. to 11 hours and 65-70 hours) for evidences of regeneration, but the third who died in 150 hours showed definite tendencies along these lines. There is a complete account of the clinical findings and v. good review of the literature. 03117927 Nw6B-000803 HWBB-0008031 References to Recent Literature - 14. 145 DANGERS FROM FYR5NE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. J. An.'lied. Assoc. (queries and minor notes) 111. 2326, (Dec. 17, 1938). A patient put out a fire in a poorly, ventilated hall. Immediately afterward he had difficulty in breathing, become cyanotic and had gastro-intestinal disturb ances. These symptoms became worse in 10 days, but after about ?. months he had fairly well recovered. The author says it is probable that phosgene was formed fren the carbon tetrachloride as the symptoms resemble those of phosgene. This type of poisoning usually is prone to provoke neuroses, but ?.'here it is known that complete recovery is possible, this danger is much reduced. 146 THE PHOSGENE CONTENT OF SMOKE FROM THE BERGER MIXTURE. J. Esser. Gasschutt. u.luftschuts., 8 , 297-8 (1938) (German)., (also pp. 266-9) The Berger mixture consists essentially of powdered zinc and highly chlorinated organic compounds such as carbon tetrachloride. When this mixture was burned or heated it was found that phosgene was formed as one of the products of combust ion. Cere should be exorcised in using carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinat ed hydrocarbons in closed spaces as phosgene is much more highly poisonous than the original compounds. 0 147 BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS AS INFLUENCED BY LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE AMD GUM ACACIA. G.C. Erickson, G.P. Heckel and R.E. Enuttl. $. Am.J.Path., 14, 537-56 (September 1938). | Oral administration of carbon tetrachloride to dogs induces liver changes-and a reduced plasma protein concentration, due chiefly to loss of albcatfJL In jection of acacia injures the liver and reduces the plasma protein concentra tion, especially the globulin. The results of these and other types of liver injury suggest that albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen may be produced by the liver independently of each other. 148 EXPERIMENTS WITH AN "ANTINECROTIC" MATERIAL PREPARED FROM LIVES. B.M. Barrett, -- D.L. McLean and E.W. McHenry. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 64, 131-7 (1936). Rats injected with 100 mg. of the liver extract prepared by Forbes (Fortes, Neale, Scherer, J. Pham. Exp* Ther., 58, 402, (1936)), and with the same cor responding doses of sodium xanthine and saline, were exposed 24 hours later to controlled concentrations of carbon totrachloride. It was found that the fat content of the livers of animals premedicated with Porbcs* liver extract or with sodium xanthine was significantly loss than that of animals premedicated with saline or without any treatment. The experiments seas to indicate that the premedication with sodim xanthine promotes the heeling of liver damage and in addition, offers a certain protection against the toxic effects of exposure to concentrations not greater than 10,000 p.p.m. 149 POISONING BY HYDROCARBONS. COMPENSATION ACCORDIMS TO THE FRENCH LAN ON INDUS TRIAL DISEASES (1919-1931). E. Martin. Had. du travail, 10, 151-69, (1936) (French) The author reports on the discussion that took place in the Ccaaission for In dustrial Hygiene of the Ministry of Labor regarding the inclusion of poisoning by hydrocarbons in the compensation law. Certain other authorities have said that since 1931 the hydrocarbons have been produced in a much purer form and that the poisonings have been due to the impurities. The author takes issue with them and gives reasons for the inclusion of these materials in the com pensation laws. 03117928 HW8B-0008032 References to Recent Literature - i... q / 150 BENZINE AND BINZINE. L. Teloky. Med. du trav., 10, 125-137 (1936) (French) The author consents on the need, for more sharp differentiation tetveen these two entirely different substances. Tho characteristic symptoms of poisoning by each is described: in benzene poisoning sovere blood changc-3 occur, while neuritis is especially prominent in benzine poisoning. French und Italian com pensation laws are unsuited to cover these poisonings adequately. 151 A STUDY, CLINICAL AND HAHAOTOLDGICAX, OF NINE CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL BENZOL POISONING. M. Lamy, P. Kissel, ~nd L. Pierquin. Bull, et Hem. Soc. Med. Hopit. Paris, pp. 1116-27, (June 27, 1938) (French). Full details arc given of nine cases of benzol poisoning among employees of a shoe factory where benzol was used as a rubber solvent. Four of the cases were fatal. In the severe cases true medullary aplasia was present, and purpura was present in all. Tho most valuable treatment was blood transfusion together 'with injections of liver extract, and the results wore good except in the most severe cases. 152 TOXICOLOGICAL DETECTION OF THALLIUM. H. Kluge. Z. Unters. Lebeasm 76, 165-9, (1938) (Geraan) *** The method is based on the solubility of thallium chloride in ether and the insolubility of thallium iodide in water and alcohol. Larger amounts are^de- temined by weighing the iodide, smaller amounts by colorimetric determination of the iodize liberated therefrom. 153 THE COMPOSITION 0 F HUMAN BONE IN CHRONIC FLUORINE POISONING. W.A. Wolff and E.G. Kerr. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 493-7, (1938). A man, 48 years old, had been exposed for 18 yours to finely ground phosphate rock dust containing 3.88 per cent fluorine. The prosent paper deals only with the distribution of bone fluorino, as the x-ray, clinical and autopsy findings have been reported earlier. Normal amounts of ash, calcium, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide wore found in tho bones, but tho fluorine content of some bones was 20 times the normal values. Its distribution was uneven, the greatest amounts being found in the vertebra, the least in the long bones. 154 ACUTE METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING. F.R. Menne. Arch. Path., 26, 77-92, (1938). In 22 cases of fatal poisoning from pure methanol the pathological changes con sisted of marked edema, hyperemia, and necrosis of the stomach, intestine, liver, brain and retina. Clinically tho victims showed intonso nerve excita bility, evidenced by abdominal pnin, muscle twitchlngs, rapid pulse and respira tion with final paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Although these addicts had token small quantities of methanol over a long period of time, there were no gross chronic pathological chances present. 155 THE SPECIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. H. Ruhe. Arbeltsschutz, pp. 195-210, (1938) (German}. p Magnesium alloys ore being used more and more because of their low specific ^ gravity and their tensile strength. Under certain conditions, however, mag nesium has a great tendency to unite with oxygon, and In fine particles It can explodo. Wet magnesium dust tends toward spontaneous combustion. In the pre sence of heat, magnesium can reduce oxides, partly by explosive mechanisms. Water is disintegrated by fine magnosixmi dust with tho formation of hydrogen. To guard against these dangers, the Reich Minister of Labor has issued codes and safety directions. 03117929 * KU66-0008P References to Recent Literature - Id 156 THE AUTOMATIC ESTIMATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN rNDUSTRI/L GASES. W. Francis, M.C*Morley and E.W.F. Gillhcn. J. Goc. Chen. lad., 57^ 419-24, (December 1938) (British). A description is given of n method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sulfur, as sulfur dioxide or trioxide, in washed flue- gases of a power plant. The gas is scrubbed in a neutral solution of hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes the sulfur gases to sulfuric acid, decreasing the electrical resistance of the solution. The change is measured on c recording jailliamoter and indicates the * total amount of 3ulfur over a period or at any moment. The method, except for minor differences, is similar to that developed in this country by Thomas (Ind. x Eng. Chem. 1^ 14-17, Tan. 1929). It is possible, by changes in rate of air flow, voltage of current, volume of absorbing liquid and other factors, to measure accurately almost any concentration of sulfur gases in the atmosphere. 157 DANGERS OF GRAIN SILOS. H. Tiege. 2b.f. >werbehyg., 25, 170-1, (1938) {German) Two men were killed climbing up a silo that contained 2 tons of corn. Examina tion of the air later showed 3 per cent carbon dioxide and 13.6 per cent oxygen, and at tho tine of accident tho carbon dioxide was probably still higher. Autopsies showed death was from suffocation. 158 TUMORS AND PRECANCEBCU3 LESIONS OF THE BLADDER DUE TO AMINES OR 2JITR0- 1' DERIVATIVES. (ANILINE DYE TUMORS.) G. di Maio. Arch. ital. d !. urol..1^. 283-385 (1937) (Italian) This paper contains an analysis of the precancerous and neoplastio changes that may occur in the bladder in aniline dye workers. Among 86 workers examined, 26 had changes that were considered as precancerous, 7 had benign tutors, and 4 had malignant growths. The changes wore revealed by crystoscopic examination rather than by specific nothods. Duration of employment varied frua 2 to 6 years for the precancer group, 3 to 9 years for the papilloma group, and 6 to 15 years in tho cancer cases. The dyes occurring most frequently were benzi dine, betanaphthol amine, and aniline. Thoso substances are absorbed through the respiratory tract and the skin, and arc eliminated in the urin unchanged or with a modified chemical structure. Treatment consists primorily of measures to impede the absorption of the dyes. 159 ARSINE POISONING: REPORT OF TWO CASES. K.D. Smith and T.E, Rardin. Ohio State Med. J. 35^, 157-9, February 1939. Arsine and arsine poisoning are discussed and a description is Given of the processes where the poisoning nay be encountered. Arsenic is an impurity in many metals and arsine, hydrogon arsenide, the most poisonous of tho inorganic arsenic compounds, is givon off v.*henever these metals are acted upon by acid3. Tho stripping of galvanizing 'with hydrochloric acid is a cosxioa procedure and it was in this manner that the two cases reported by the authors occurred. Com plete descriptions are given of tho two cases. Tho authors strosa the import ance of occupational histories, in addition to past illnesses and family history, as an aid in the diagnosis of vague or unknown cases. 160 A RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE REELS IN IRRITATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA DURING THE INHALATION OF ACETONE. PNEUMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ACETONE NARCOSIS. L. Prisco. Folia med., 24, 669-77, (1938) (Italian) Because of the increasing industrial use of acetone, the author studied its action on rabbits. He found in them a nasal reflex which consists of a temp orary cessation of breathing and also a lung reflex in the fora of a polypnea when acetone vapor is introduced intratracheally. 03117930 HMBB-000803* References to Recent Literature - '17.. 161 i f t\ DIA20ICSTHANZ POISONING, FIRST CLINICAL CADE REPORT. F.... lundornann, R.Connor and H. Fields. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 469-73, U938). A chcmistiy studen undertook to prepare trimethylbarbituric acid allowing diasonethane to react v.lth barbituric acid. Ho did not v/ork under a hood and while stirring the mixture, suddenly boyar: to choke, bee'..mo dycpnc-ic ^ nA hac a violent cough. A description is given of the symptoms ' hich persisted for three weeks, v.'hcn as was released from the hospital. Tho gas appears to have a direct irritant action. IKE TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDE. A.O. Gettler an.'. J.O. 3aine. An. I. lied. 3ci., 195, 102-98 (1938). The authors give their analytical methods in detail and '.iscuss the hydrogen cyanide content of normal organs and the distribution of it in body tissues after fatal poisonings, both experimental nr., human. The sensitivity of the analytical method is 0.005 a> per 100 ja, tissue and by this test no hydrogen cyanide was found in normal tissues. The minimum lethal dose seems to be about 1.4 mg. per kilogram of body v.*cight. Treatmont with methylone blue seems to proion; life for an hour or more; it should be supplemented 'with stomach lavage, artificial respiration, stimulants, and a second injection if necessary. 163 LIPEHIA IN EXPERIMENTAL CARSON IISULFIDE POISONING. E. Bianchi. Med. dal lavoro, 29, 213-20, (1338) (Italian). Acute and chronic carbon disulfide poisonings wero produced in rabbits and the content of blood in fats and phosphorus was studied. Thero was found in both types of poisoning or. increase of the phosphate and cholesterin other. Free cholesterin decrease', in acute poisoning, increased in chronic. led PHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES OF HELIUM. A. R. Behnkc and 0. B. Yarbrough. U.S. Naval Med. Bull., 36, 542-58 (1938). The solubility coefficients of helium in water and in olive oil compared with the coefficients for nitrogen aro in the ratio 2:3 for wator and 1:4.5 for oil. Therefore, the helium content of the body should be about 45 par cent as high as the nitrogen content when tho sane tension of each gas is breathed. The time of elimination of helium from body tissues after absorption is about onehalf that of nitrogen. It is for these reasons that helium-oxygen mixtures are being used in place of tho normal nitrogen-oxygon -mixtures in deep sea diving. 03117931 i S4 * Of o HW68-0008015