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10CHAPTER ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, ANALYSIS, AND COSTS Accident investigation: purpose of investigation persons mak ing the investigation cases to be investigated--------------------------------------------- 10-1 Accident onalyro- the key facts in accidents . identifying the key facts examples of identifying key facts classi fying the key facts making die analysis . using the analysis______ _____________________________________________________ 10-3 Estimating accident costs: definition of work accidents for cost analysis method for estimating . . . example of cost estimate items of uninsured cost . . . making a pilot study . development of final cost estimate .. ........... 10-12 Accident Investigation Successful accident prevention requires a minimum of four fundamental activities. 1 A study of all working areas to detect and eliminate or control physical hazards which contribute to accidents 2 A study of all operating methods and practices 3. Education, instruction, training, and dis cipline to minimize human factors which contribute to accidents 4 For cause analyses, a thorough investiga tion of at least every accident which re sults m a disabling injury to determine contributing circumstances The fourth activity, cause analysis, is a secondary defense against hazards winch may have been overlooked in the first three In connection with this activity, an in vestigation should be made of every accident which results in a disabling injury Accidents resulting in nondisabling injuries, or no in juries, should be investigated if time and facilities permit, if there is frequent recur rence of certain types of nondisabling in juries, or if the frequency of accidents is high in certain areas or operations Purpose of investigation Accident investigation is of such prime importance in the safety program that both top management and the persons running the safety program must protect its integrity as a device for preventing accidents Investiga tions must be fact finding, not fault finding Otherwise, they may do more harm than good This is not to say that responsibility mav not be fixed where personal failure has caused injury, or that such persons should be excused from the consequences However, the investigation itself is concerned only This chapter was revised by H C Mil ler, based upon reviews by selected mem bers of the National Safety Council 10-1