Document kmpmKQZbq71yK2oZy6n7DoD6D

I '% * r V'fT -X-.mm- Fiber Toxicology and Occupational Health: The Integration of Research And Health Programs WBha B. Sana. MS, JS, MFH Senior Director. Health. Safety and Environment; end Viet hxsidejt. Handle Sales Corporation Dtntr. Colorado loti R. Bender, ffiP, MS -- Viet Frtadot. Health. Safer/ and Eniromem Ovm-Carsine Fiberslas ~ Toledo. Ohio Tt potential toxic conseqoestces revolved io the manufacaso endoeef merennk fibs* (.especially fiber (Ufl sd ote man-made viaecus fiben) in voke te sense te we beve been hen before. Bet the menmade fiben ire phyrieoeheateDy taupe: they differ from die mineral fiben end from cadi other. Unite file problems mnrieird in which the onowaid prepenia became ipperen only ator fin loaf and widespread we of tf* min eral. tee it ooeerarinj Hid waridwide jpwreirvTn of the eprdemioJofy and tmieolocf of racy of die manmade fi ben. The questions recently raised about the advisability of removin| remaiaor ubiant from ihe environmear hat faassad the mention of phy aorea'and a:iron ns an the poasmsl far anew epidemic of orrupadonal and envircrvneaal lunq dbeaset caused by hr sever Acre. hacKgruunti There is prow inf caiauidon about the rah of exposure 10 asbestos tad the rationak for asfeesaos rtenoval. This u recently pointed out by an node in Sci ence (1990-.247-.294) by Brooke T. Motaanaa and her colleagues. They railed the question of whedier hot is a poteodal far a dred w*ve of rebesaosrelated dbease Bncxt| penes neither engaged is aaRutensTRg ashrans nor renong is end usen. Tht artide was body d-brerd a die kaert to the 5-. mr of fiat pudicaaoe. The paper concerned the relative rids of removiug drywcle (the peedcmiiret farm). aoddoGc. ind ote farms of asbesan tam buHdirigx. The Editor's Comment B k ptememw e *ri* m epilogue far die ehronkk of asbesaoeis. There are chosen yet a be wrifleu and precepts befgmg famukdoo. Sot (he learns already M hand need be indelibly aka to best by every pfeyoda ad by every manber of aodery. tl is deeriy csabOshed te exposure arapUbok astraoa fiben impera an impurars ride foe fibrosing lung tease. and an imporant andjgedfie risk far gcaothdjcna. Fatemore. there is Bnle room for dates retartfnt the tynergy far brenehotenic ro enaotub these tenet* ts *facs" required more doe a jeduT for cfinksl itrresapsion: S required seal d pcnevewnce at behalf of the water at fisk* to ccmrinct the sceptic and overcome die herns inberere in ny aactnotshift moneys from profits to welfare. We here eerae Sat 1st. Asbestos expoeure ia die industrial setting it regulate so mare dan two fibos in 10 mL of at it permissible, nateiaure. we heve held popartton of expanse tcmimahlti alter the "faa* far evens te ociaiired before die faa* levels of aeeountability meuued a aos of bites of dollars (CennjtdonpaQti) 1 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT </. kO rs  vf . T > * \a v Editor11 Comniml (Coadmatfrom pat* D ere dfflVtlt a fagnnsr to fa aarty nges and otoea occur to fa tat toovt *x& ecrpasauos as Jabot Mvffle tod Rsybrssne be baetorepay e deal fa pram.' i% out eoOtette pak. 8 hat fa iaot doesn't rat. The saw sni Aha eanpoiaicu from dtm "tea*: I. Whs anrftnrie fega.*uv* deflnea to* -pcrnemhte rt*k7 Ham doe* cos balance coo with axadeac*? 1 Mob tsbeooa earned act t*"*"1* bat >crp-ncna fiber* mart pnrOcolarty, 90% ar more odd* tvrid'i nabobs* amine yield* drysuede. of o(far tonltt, etch u uin| HpidemiBtogic method* are lea po* erfai to neb a clrnaimute. Socxry md modidna both at ton a draw enaal tofataee* from pnaoneuc bt%vidua! onset The rout it fa* anecdoK aid emodoa tote pnflriral. regulatory, aid JucSfal aedvfey a fan a efileately m does cfact ' arpcuoue fiba. Tbeae fiber* have fir fa* misty dm arpbihole fiber*, bs fas. k ho ben i|uoi fa: fits rbk ii negligible* acd fat ax ~~r matte) e mrao*t morn from prrfvy bmVdmp I* rat at money ad. poraTrfy. a bmanf rtgarcflrss of fa fibet ' These Issue* engsnder **<* tec an ftjrind by apodon1 wherein con viction arpyiaiai dan. Ba com supplant* dot of necetoky. Ppi. ^ology cm cape wafi rare evtui bs aaty if ifiey duaa ar if drey at qtoiiastely Bisque. Ofarvoe, *o modi goe* on in my cotapla lysma. Tbn rooea qnandary fiend by pltys^ dans ova akbeaas-rtiaed troduert fa and fee fa hv cqq^ nmity to Btlrinal puknmary Bek- ky aid fibs ( parfaiae) tesfafagy. These faoes at act only corsrovuiiai today, boe, k ssst bn rt-empbasaed. torreJopeag otonoiogy wiS brrt ftaara smto a i pnpnlsrinn of people, fat *0 metier of aiflueecea perarb fa StefflMQd of t art occLa The Sogaiag debases atom obese* wffl rage *jb3 *0 ^haa at reused, aid das is not likely B com a fa reseat The pneumnennfoseri Knowing fa asbestos ag*. bow cm *ra be presses regartoeg ofar sad new fibs* too at akfeg toear places to os cnvitcuncofl Adtotsctog date question wts ay charge e Or. Boon mi bit ao-aofan, Cr. Boon, my co ndor. aid Or. Beader at responsible far betid) aid sswimanak a ram of fa targes fiber intiatito antra to toe US. If asy at os needs a fan fasoee from fa abeam nory, toey da We m io toot toes toaghti Norttn M. Bsdfa, MO, FACP in hutrrricai pcn>pcfi\c Athrones, fa aariag of fa tong, wts known sdy to fa 20to Camay axi pobepa tarty fa 1B90*. Because of fa need kaoha dope rapidly dur> tog Worid Was I end I n Inoraad putoy. Ahhcotb toe csodadon of asfaema apoaat aid lung rJ* oerfaag aanenaidmrsahebonar^t * Professor afMtddnt and HimbiototjfFimatology orce a mater of debut flSc uoogro. UahanUf efNank Carolina a Oteptl HO ~oob or to* tqnamoa occuntd otrag CbopttHlB, Norsk CaoBm ~0ie lyyJa aid 'kiL'TBd Iflbu-recm " resea/u 'cocaicnil IBe reducabn of ~ hOAocriioaponar exposures 1 Reference* j I. Mrhnhnn W7. Pete 0. ScGkaff R. Occnpoiontl tipaaat n adeem pepatodoe a risk ato projecod mrmliiy 1980-jflML Am/tiedUtd I9CJ459-3IL .1 Uarpn WKC Tie theui) lynme Cui baooT Arm Imb* Utd 19*257519r92J. yX Mnamai BT.Cm^L; Afaaoml--d tosesset. NUflJJff 199J2Ctl72J^ i73a tnxt removal et asbestos-eooaaag~ product* fton *--tag Perhaps fa gRaaea lessee to bt teamed I* toa k is hepaativt toa we atfcipeq fa beakh rfbea of tJLpuuat to fiba. We *B do one AtOy aidersand fiba axfcity, bat fa past bontotd yean ofsriendfie icnainy and pub* 4. Mceanee -BT. Blpen X. Csn M. a lb Asbesoc oiotifle drrtlapmna and impfirairta fcrpobOcpodey. Srirarr I990t2<7294-Xl. Be ttspeuae nmk serve a guide aao"tidaaboo of aba asconlly ocaaiurg / t T* --I S.MWivMr nwrr Laajln ta R&flr (toropma e Una Jl HUfUUtd\m J2<:l95-9g. 6. Fnrmtm AJt: Sdmnfic aiadadi in cpni'iniiiingic onfat of fa onmae* of dtdy Bto.&tes 19040:1237-12*1 7. Oaoead QA. fantsar &- CSnieB eitb and ndaical *rrdor pretank pdi far amfa- Am lotr* dt* 19135*4*5-99*. or aaa-aiade fibers end perdeuiatet The rccogaition of fa rclaacrafaip a cbko to toe *30* ad '60* ipaned t rococo toa inriurind regulation by fa Orogntxaul Safiry aid Heahh AtoninBBattot) (OSKA) aid, in fa "TOt. lidpboo toa has beta going on sines, la fa TOe. concon tort low level of risk led to fa removal of asbestos from pub- asrhors questioned current risfc-aaess- The debase extended beyond Science Be schools sod otoa baikSngs tndtoe meaa on *fa ground* toey *ttt too eonstmdx: fa pobfie torn a greanr bntad to ttnovaL toey aid. torn to aataoaanec Fodiennare. fa cot of and rapidly readied fa public, b is aslikely dm issue wiB soon be mohtd seieaiffafly; but wt aey aaune. even wrdiout tudi rtsdubon. tsbesm wd ban on asbesm-eoBaunmg products. These laaa mesststs tuve led a fa ctorat a it irifle debsa. Fibers art aa fa only fibrogerbe pul- -A > Knots! program, easnoed u over 3100 bilScn. migto be bests ^era on prVttsy tdvrgnni-pxoerooQ program*. Rnfly. toere wts some eoneem raised reginfing die poeesul midty of at* hofwf n ninm | be lUTeved aid toe ben on obescoerrtatrd produca wiB eonanue. wtb or without modificajon. Medical (ad lepl) praeriticnas *tD have to adopt positions m tois debase: ubestosi* and ocher pneumoconioses motiary mint Fa example, fa: oyv talljne talkca cansa hmg scxrring ha been known tine* the time of Hippocua*. Sbeodt gained genersi asendoti after fa GauJcy Bridge inddent to 1977. resulting in acute nlitxoe 2 $1P, `-j Vii r.rs A? fe rn v .-.#: y ..>; ** />' \ ;>: -t reachoo ia i groop of amen.' Th Bantam led a mdal refocn in ocotparional bralh regulaaoei and campusaaica (primarily Wcrfcer'i Ompenn- non) far ritt rt1 ^v iw processes. Coni vertzn' pneameerbcaa have been well recognised smee fa* early IfiXb, bar k rock a ceaurj b awaken (he public emo-irrrr enl hen only after ha farmington mine dfatsmr at 1964. The U|b-waaer mark at mate safety k he US ires readied with he enoament at he Slack Leaf Act at 1969. Otha- patreceary haeaaea. web as bymnoss and beryffiosis. bore been he ahjea at reguisboa. fingitinn. end in is nmewba doudtd by he ha tm odor ffhm krtafirig erfirnce at puea in hew treat* fa mnim*i criaena appean a be a mnri .......... mrjnheliaaogtnlc apea haa it bs. No ccaenaa ba been (cached an tcccpobfe levels of aoenpodcBtl psure b he Sbm. to no mm.......... bom have beea made acr hove deflnshe regnloary review! beea wn*^H toe briaiuc. voCasaccde, or npulpae. W nlhutonili fa ah products m ceramics. faeoladen, aad *aJJboard. woHaatoolte-- a mcnocalriatt aScae fitly ia steed awful far sneaky a heanfe. O-errf. he daa attest ha rwo rak-profim exia. one far origin he aber far fiber fengdh The doe aa wqpowre it nr* able, but dent fereis far certain operv done approach he candads far *+ tance daa (15 rngfin1 boL 5 rngta* icsptrabiejL VITREOl'}-; KUlilU.v For more haa 50 jean, ha aon-mafe vicreoaa fibers (MMVFi) br* beea [ro deoed aad seed ta a vide variety O' appfirariem. They are ryabeac. nor- THE EPIDEMILOGV AND TOXICOLOGY "Man-mudefibers have similar OF FIBERS irritant effects the extent of which Natural fiberv Asbestos it a nacnJy ooagriog min- depends on the diameter era! fiber he toLiestopc aad epi demiologic effaca at *Wdi hrre beea andflexibility ofthefiber. ** veil docomeored. Sandarta far werk- place mpasue and weak pracaoes cxia in meet developed cnuntricx. However, u a saheaps reptarcment. It It (tale, end arnorpboaa da family is here is a need B evahsne he riric posed donbie fiber, bat k bee lext atuOd somtsrimrt referred b a "mm-madt by other narsreDy ixrumat fiben (eg. tnopl hae athrora. Tctickipc aid mineral fiben* (WMMFt). bo. fedxv erioaite). A body of tsformitioti is iei at vafiaaoeha an fanrodb he only cafry, MMVF it men aoneet These emerging on heae fiberx bus inbaladea ndy fa atktalt fieOed to pre> fibers are ail created from molten regoisiaat exia a only a few countries. dace a dplfioxat taaar-respoaao. meases of taw moerial uafer highly Erionlfe Ifljecban md fa vfas anhee cues oomrofled ooodirione Hbg gtaa ia one that wollaaonite is lea toxic than MMVF, vtieh also hriurfrs retlAlag ZeoGa it a aounJIy ocasrring. crystal attract rpideinloiopc ada at he (mineral) vcol and tdnaarj eeeme line. bgthaaul abaadmoTicaa: oionrie is a crysodSae. fibreoi fans. It it found nannily in dte vesaem United Start. Tnritcy. Scoh Africa, aad elsewhere. aeopfasde pairial at aeflnmiit beva not beea nmknrd, aid aha of its fibrade potendal ae Brand OvertO, he bedh nha of vcOaa- fiber (RCFV Much more la known cf he epide* nnotogy of rineoua fiben hw it biovn of other man-made fiben or non- Erionae has very finned commercial application, bat expotcre occurt >> " k it a ooeoanktox in he miastf and manefhcnxc of other retsiaes (v+bdi do love commercial rJue. ,at, tonia ac spaa. Expaosc levefa v*y noddy vih he appCeaim and ta faduary. fiber levela of op b SO to 50 fibertfee (fto) hove temesma beea reported. aabexroe naoral fiben. fa sdhoon. chronic khalibon red oher axbcoiopc teasing bat beea perfamed. Specific standards do nor exist in he United Saaes (except a easancs daa). but moiecafar devea aid in iotv<xdun|e pmceeaxl. Erianne cat produce nation, parricu- larly mesohefiarra. in mice and na ha inhale k. VTHapes near Turtish erionia drpoca have beea found b have hifb incidencta at mesoheiiomas. bat he liAltapulfilte'~ ^ '- A fibrous ahxnaun tScaa and mt(> netnm bTt. eapdpat it toed tt t thlclBiinf spat tnd a absotbere. a m pa liner, k is mined prinarily in he Urched Scaex The fiben are bon and iditfvcly dda. ihhoofh he he varies broader sondardi at esrrendy order eamdderarion and mebrple nemaaorul bodies have already reviewed he scicanfie ihenzure an mm-cadt vreexxa fiben. Fiber plasb Tvo baaic farms of fiber glass art in with (he leopripliie repos of the general use: wool-type fiben and et- * At Caeiey Sridpe. Vea Vapaia. vorken en expaaed b lb|ti Wwa at eryBailirv aSica vben ----Him tfrantt a onacaai ' M* a M|h neara eerterx. Tb* abesnum apeavc tteeatery b predeea a&coaa **a Aea dBapia b ba m ?wv ha a non. ba at vertm vih lea ta tve yean' 11 pi w I developed aa aevia pubnonary preeea aid many hed. The event led io ha tcrnpiitinn of aeaa aUcoaia aid sip jerad a de^er tcruony at he ebrenic ef* fees oferyasJiine dice. depota. Tbe etfea d aoapalfae in omalt ba vvied dfmficaxly from oudy B study. These diffareaxi appear a be related B he anpa at he fiber, tobalarien aadfea is animals tupyest hat he )en|er he fiber he peeser he toxicity. This resuk is comiaens with mjeeson and in rare studies, althoupft here is eonsidenble variability. The tpdemiolopc daa on aaapulpte is very limned and does not yield daa dk fiben. Hber glass va originaily developed in (be early !93<k far use in borne panel fiben and hone ireulasac textile fiben appeared eemmerciaDy in he laae l9Xk. fallowed by fine-hameter glass fibers in he earty I9t(k. Wool fiber-glass is genenGy used in hermal and acoustical imlaicA These products include air-duct insulation, pipe insilatian. vemiladan-tyiam tbfibers, roof imulsticn. srd 'rmilioon far 3 hrnry. amrmofiVt. ancrtft. coding ap- pfiwa. and rcftigtraacn. Cast (ben are abo manufactured with ifa-nsiis of tea ten one p. This fine- piaffing material it produced la the Unted Sate* in thrured quantities tel oonanm tea ten 1* of te ml fiber (teas produeacn. Special-piopo*. fine fi ber s Sated a use ia spedaJty fiber pa- pen. benery components. and sephistl- oeed rgnlanma. Taale fiber-gbs finds wide appfirerira * a carymma af currents. mdujxrul fab- rice, deaied yarn*. roofing shingles, and re.-4jj.ju* te ptaarirx pesos. rubber, and ete it ia gomrally not of respirefcfc toe Heallh effects of fiber pas* Six rraahm. fiber (1aa may iii'iure te (tin of some worten in gUxa-fibef- marwtfararing fadEoes and of acme work er! who fabricate or incaf) fiher-gitss-eon- tamrtg naierial*. The stem irratuon aid pnecNe crtjmmajao is a mechanical re action a terp. broken ends of fiber tel rub or hrrocnr embedded is te outer teyer of te dun. Skis racoons vary di- reedy via te size and te siftiea of te fibert tea widi tesneaers pexaer ten 4 B 5 V art mar* Sidy B cause aritsban ten are ftner-durraer fibers. 'Who te dame*r ia lea dan l JO 4. te ffben osa- aOy do nor ease skin grirerion. Normally, te rittBka does not penis for long, and ( ca ssaOy be reSeved by using mild ao^ md wm wag a gendy wresh te expiawl areas. Mas worten find ter any irrajiiis when firs working wab Sba fine tessera over dme. Allergic coeeaa dermatitis ba not been aiwyiatrd with e^pesav 8 fiber glass, but ten have been repan of allergic imacna a te gneared-rean finishes dat are esed in some ffoer-ftass products. Same persons may be more affected by irriuJun bom l%er gfesrdren are others, and a Hew nay be forced B seek Oder types of employment. The ves majority of war-ten. however, on eoneroi skat im- tabor: by tsnf xpproprime wort practices. Man-eade fibers have dmifer briars ef fects te mere of which depends on te temeser and flexibility of te fibre. Upper rrrpugnry irrbazitm. Some wort en aay eipujance s nanpotaxy upper respsrreay enutiae manifested as a s-iudii- sea or homing of te noee or dims. Thia k npeeaCy l&efy iC doing te mamrfieeee or baeiSnf of gfass-ecresming prodsea. more dan lelUxn released -md if key are of large temeter [more dan S o 4 |b. Like skin irmabon. upper "te^tnaarr irritation is a mechanical roc oco b step, broken fibers. Accidental exposaes U hi|h concert- uabuia of airborne |ita fibre may, See exposure m dust produce a aonepeafic, trauisary, hxtg cmrfirinn anally tranifeared by coughing or wheeling, The effects nibaide toon iter te worker it Wflj r ising agena.* They mariudorf das "fibre expoaoe. a&tt alone or in oambdiaDon with orhre exponeea. mey bev* oorxhbuBd B te deemed risk. Mort-mxre nudiea have dww aev- real prrerrial oonfamdrea is te mnw real wool industry.* The uhort also reported tea "uo excess of te am magnitude u evidsx far gfess-woo1 . finer giass prnrkrtim* Also, *tere was ao ev>donee of an haaeasul rhk far pfeorai docs nor 6SBOH or acrmaHpiarx rexpiiapty Aa- sensitize the lung nor produce The UnSejuy of Pteburgh axnpre-' benshre morality sudy of mer 16jCXX> worten. many with long-mm expeaxge (op B 40 jean), was eedcnkm (? allergic reaction." fibre-glass- and minml wajl-msafacasisg plans (14JOO ffere-glasi work ers in U pirns). The original report, published in 1982. covered mortality removed from exposure, snd chore should be no farther effect on te worker's health aid wefl-bem*. Exponee b fibre {tea does not senate te heig nor produce allerpc reacaan, fioro te 1940s b te end of 1977. Tl* ssne group of workers was foOowod through I9S2 (reported in October, 1986, with addnxxai mafyaes-ia lone, 1987V Tbs 19f7 report oorsaiied. far te lbs time, leal area oaxality sea- Epidemiologic sludiec Respimory sysBm teeeex ee te pri mary suhjees of mos epidemiologic studies involving fiber gfes and ochre MMVFl Tens of ihousendt of worten heve been empfayeil in aanufaassng fibre glass once ice ortal development over JO yean ago. and ore onjar Bel ies hive addressed (he mortality of worker* engaged is (ha production. Rcaemhcn a te Uerveniry of Ptas- cfedcs far tKh of te piano. The ready woe fieter opdaed ttwugh 1985. with pobifesieo a 1990. Tfeuogh 1982. malignant respiratory disease had cenaed no mrirtcilly afdfian excess of deaths in any of te U fihs-glm pisns, nor to any paging te dbete joshed (hose plans on te bss of glass-wool or Brole production (male fibers an referred B m *gfea filamexx" in te manuaaipt and by (ARCV The tgrfare dvough 1983. however, te tew a mmnieeDy agmfiaxa exces Negh snefied te caorcafity of aknoa IJ^OO workgl from 11 fiber-gUss- manufreturing EriBriet This sody hM been expanded B indude over XjOOO ofdeaths fhxn reapirmj cancer cnong worten tmpteyad ia gtss-wool and minenl-woal pfara. To m if te da were consistent with a enae-effeet workres tern M such ftaTairt, The firs reUnornhip specific far exposure to results foam te enlarged sady win be glass fibers, te reaerechas arvusbgxmd avertable in 1991 In Europe, research- q{, en at ihe .tntemadonal'Ageacy for' 'deaths1widi length efanpbymenL dote Research an Csicer (1AXO heve con respnrar. time from inaal employmen. duced t five-acarery sudy of mortality among almos 11000 wgricers s six plants manufacturing fibre glass. An update of dus sudy ia aider way. le 19S4. Saraed a tl pubGted teir sudy of te mcrajiry of 234C9 wart- ere (indudmg IIJBS2 workers produc ing fiber glass) in 13 European theao- rics producing MMVFx. There were and te mreateture of soQ-finre glassfibers (micrefibenV There were no staiteieally significant findbigs ip support of a reiariarafup between respirsmry terete and exposure B glass fibers. A recera case-conne1 uudy was av dertaken in which dcae voim were studied who had manufactured fiber glass and who had pmucrpasnl in te 1336 deads. That sudy was ryriard by Simonaso et al in 1986. The authors reported that, compared ro regional rates, gists workers suffered no excess mortality from heig cancer. However, they did report an 'excess of heig can cer among rock-woolAlag-wool workers employed during in early eehndogxal phase before te introduction of dus- University of Ptabogh study. The in terview portion of ibe later study Bowed te smoking it te moa-mv portant nonworkplace faeor in lung canoer among te fiber-glass-manufaeluring employees. Smoking a tf* New. arit. Ohxx phi* in 1955 wb sipuficxrsly greats ten in te rest of d* US. rugjesting te dpreaes could account for 4 m of da seen iaiy career prrri- Risi. evaluation ously teporad in da Ueiveraiy of ?o- taterrabonaJ and US agenda Save con bwp siudy. ducted number of review* of dm Other dan da BBru'i Hy iipuficar health tspeas of (lass fibers. TVac Bnderdimd morality rwa. no ooat- tpniu included dae National twwtw wrotdty morality Anfrqp--ax ts from for Occupational Safety and Health noamaiiyntm respinary or (1977V die World Health Otpadrroon mesotheliomas hh tsaocaed vhh (I9WJ, aid die NbxxbI Academy of oqwn B fiba flam. Sdenocs (191*). Recently, diem hrra Morbidity sneny fiber-flea workers been rwo additional major mpors pro- hat also been traced. Nooe of da pared oo the health effects of llui major mafic* reponed wwlJl..| p. fibers. n of irspiramry disease: nor any impairment found of the irtpuuary ftricbcn ofmamifecsray vertex evuo In 1984. dw luseraaautal Agency for Reataroh oo Cancer (1ARQ rcvicwod man-made mincriJ-fibos. Alter rrriew- tmony tea wrdi onnt o^ork. nt da epsdemielopc dea on over *00 la the taoB-oornprehertsve aody. WaO deaths from tatty cancer eroony the reported oa the respirocry beahh of Z7X00 fiba'-fiasa ailas io da Euro 1X89 worker*a five ffeer-yira andtwo pean study (by Simonaeo et al) end die msnenl-wrool plans is die Oared Soars US study (by Ensofine and Marsh), die dirmy 1979 tod 1990. 1987 (ARC wuriony group of the World The itjenchcn toad that the ob Health Orpnizadcn seed that die evi jects were lenoally healthy. However, dence was ioadequn to conclude doe snail opeemes did dSow oa die cheat other yten wool or yiass filament* wero i-rrya of one waken. Is eanmarix- arcmogoiic so human*. No evidence mg their findings. the authors noted of fibrosis or odar morbidity wee fcuid that, in yaml. "The nindTtal evidence by da (ARC pend. of tespinaoty effeca draamd in the b- Oeapite seven neptrro inhalarioo- vesapaao. which carts. present, be rtudira ia inimall, implantation of considered dinicajly significant. is e&> aicrofibers of two special-purpose crumping cwnccnriny the quesaoo of giants induced canes. This it da basis potential health effeca of erpasge D for da deaenninaaoo by da (ARC dial man-made litracaa fiber.* A foflow-cp ylasa wool ia 1B"-- potdbie Inman aady widl controls, reperad by WeiO cwnnoyen. Condnuous-ffiemea fiber- in 1915 and 1990. fond no adwuse pul- ttm was desiynated "Croup J"--<t ia monary effects unrated wah wort in "net classifiable at a human carcino- die MMVF industry. ytnairy" In 1987.* second major, "w evahaboe of da safety of yhai fibers Experimental studies by the World Health Oryuiixatioe Researchers have snrSrrl die effeca of (WMOV led a da report of da lism surpcaQy implanting fibrous mortal in tariaaalPrepimsne on Qanaal Safety the plcssal and abdominal ervides of dPCSV The overall piesrt asdicaaa animals aid of fijeeaiy fibers directly ha da pcenhir nsfc of I'liwti ameny inn die trachea. In 1977. a was found in da yeoni public is very low. if daro web wort dal tissue chanyes. mdudmg is aty ill. snd should not be * one cancer and scarring, were.produced by., far ancon if da cmtsw low levd of specialty glass-fibers wsth^duBnean of .expoeurt winue:"^TSe tPCS does less din 1.0 ji Oho fibcr-fJass.compo-.. 'al)ow..da ``w|htiny of;evidence, and noons. mdudmy those aed in buldiny da Miaitdon seaSetrie animalx wore msulaaon. did not produce such results. yjvcs peas wotyli in dair analysis These aperimem se valuable in die In 1988. da US Environmental Pro- sudy of the mcdiancBis of tissue reac tecdon Aycnqr announced its tym tions, but becnae diey are based on the net with da (PCS conchtsicti when k iraroduebon of targe snouras of fiber by sated that da evidence for da codmures dot bypass normal body-defense- notenjaty of fiber pas "is considered meehwusna. diey do nos justify the con inadequate." clusion dial Walaboo of gba fiber is baxadoa so wotkero As a consequence, seven! Mialaion buScs in animals were Mineral wooi initiated at independent reseandl een- The fibers known cs "mineral wooTsm sen. Commescially roilible fiber-glass produced by sptrruny or Mowiny moi- products aid more lOLtruly. specially prepared (Then wid esrafuJJy specified ien|ths and diameters were used. None tai basalt or da slay obtained from, refininy ores. These laser conxisi of mesti niiqtn riliritn of thmiman. of these adies demonstrated tumor in- boron, caiatan. iron, sodium---and vari duenon or fibrosa by fibrous glass. ous metal oxides. Depending on the source, the rronp fiber-dlamctcr ranges hum 3 a 15 p. Major apolicaiimi In da eafy 1900k. mineral waul **a devrlopnd ts tmilarion. The fiber is prnOy e^pfad k feme besie ferae iooae waoL wool bonded no a bM a btanko, md rrmriral dt md paak Today, miners! wool it widely amd a control aapemoro and sound. Its major ^pCcasoa sro in commescai bisnlsrioe. BTaarkel conoul products, pipe eanUrkw. aid (neitaion for m*y mebte. dapa mobile homes, aftigev an. domeBie eeoCay tppfiaxxs. and a wide variety of ocher ^pliences md eqaipaue. Health efTects The skin. eye. mtd epper rcspuacry irmabcRs of ndaersl md at smtla a tfase of fiber glass. Animal Audio Several nhaksen studies with annals have beets done it iedepcadest roaeroh ectmrs. Commercially milp|> ainual wool was ased. h rweof dase aate, da aamah wot espoead B hip wmkdil of fiber for one yor or more wd da sDomed to five oce da sea of dair las Compard a da eennIs. acne of d* ast oaoh demonstrated fibroyeecsis. csreinogcDess. or pamanera danyes of da reiptraory tysanc ov CSd the aposara radaee fife apwMicy 8 a eynifl- Other scathes of enptansed. injeaed. or "wriTVd ament wool heve dawn dae really all fibrous oaariab epv B very brp dotaga md tcysriks of physical or chemical makeup, knt advene effeca. However, evideaca (fern odar uperimees mfcates das mineral weal is Btarkrti by the fends normally prases in da king. This may cause trayraeraaaae no shorn ftes dat mty be biologrally lea arve or nay eves lead B the toad <fiappc*rance of my fine fibers Epidemiologic audit* Thousands of w-ortes have beet onployed is pbras dat mandactured sav enl wool doriy da 50 yean sine* kx development. A aember of tpidcnaoioyie ttatfes of vrorten have been done, bat da two major morality Bod ies wera doe doevned above ri dc fiberpos action. The excess tung can cer *yyvt ia slay- ad rock-wool work ers was da noBifisetrtmg finding, ba dik might be raiated to esriy producoon plases Bid a con/omding S . / n f V : : * =4 . i 'w npn--u e sodi caruiwgim u lead, rehrane. or snenfc. la adBtiea. te suBea wm daTScult b caned for aBcr farron unnkmg. far example that eooidhoveeomribured Btecttea i ft: Hill Them am Bree bread categories of nfrauuy ceramic fibs (RCF): kaeiinbaaed fibers. ia which the clay it obtained by mining; blendi of alumina. aOea. and a leftwacry meal oxide (eg. aaoniek and high-puity products dia am a blend of ahonma rod dSea pro cessed b Soil die levels of impuririrj Bre ee (imd la oBer RCF produca.. The fibers art produced by ginning mohen mimes. The svosge tenner of Be fibers produced a Bit atanaa is ia Be noge d U b U |l Hbff lengB ean be varied from long fibers down B p-tsed. and aodfeoi ear* tend fa Be hmg> ftanedeo axa of noranwfcais. Aron| cbibi and forma ii|anm nitdui. Bt resuta of fan( firoerion ossa were consistent wiB minimal ** aaaaciaed wiB eagrecat anohsng and aha but b a leaser exam. wiB expo, nee b cmroue Aar. Some symptmo of dry cough and btceBksaneas were aiao fond. Smell eparirirt were preaeot on 13* of 594 cheat x-rrjn. Primarily, dkae womrefandBags rodBamoUaghte hi md dm was aooa evidence of an taaodabon with cfane apcni in Be fndostry (bat net with eamaietlve exponee 8 RGFV ft is oa dev wha Be long-term biological significance may be of Be smofl tdTeea ^pamidy retard b ceramic fibes. and te mfay likely b be ooreiijrA Relate from Be US mady wiB sooo "Recent studies on animals may affect the risk evaluationfor RCFs." Major application AppCodoee *ej, but aQ are used fa high-iesnpcrsturc, specialty environmono. Btanfcea nt aaed primarily aa frjraace and bib-wsU Base loose Aar la axed at a filler in packing voids rod ejtpanaiuu jotarx: cusaan-molded Bapea are widely eaed fa meal osolteg rod as Ifataoe comhustinn-chamber firm. Health effects Skin orilaaon end upper respiratory arimion am largely Be same as Boas (bund wiB fiber gfa& After-servic* effects RCF Bit has been in service it elevated temperatures (greater thaa I400*f) win laBergo prad conversion b erisrnbeirie. a farm of oysaHine slice Bat can cuae sSea*ix. l.pidcmiaiupic studio Them Be no published reports dealing wiB Be hcahh experience of people who warit wiB RCRl Two favestigedot*. one in Ewope and Ba other in Be United States. am rtudying the hrahti of worten engaged in Be menu* factum of RCFs. In Ouoter. 1989. a preliminary report from Be European study of ow 630 RCF-pbn otm wes made rrsfUMe. It noted Bat no evidence was found of pneumoconiosis be cveihhie. htfinhey rcpotB ad* cate a deemaae fa pulmonary fraction Bat It eat dWeaOy cgnrfirare and a porrible facteaae fa ptcsal pltgats among RCF-espoeed workers. The Uttar fiodfags may hevo bean can* (bonded by expoae 8 asbeack Inhalation studies Them ham been fat* known favesagndone of te dfccs Bei high eonerandam of aotarae RCF beve aa mank. la ana. 41 ms wem exposed B RCF by fafataboo farseven boon rdey.flve dqrs a week, far 33 sradok Fbm longer Baa S |ihad tsBeroa leveisof9S Obe.Aaonab acrificed * Bt rod of Ba uurfy bed intnadal Arosit fa m avmge of5% of Be hag ata: eight no fad pofanoeary aanon-ofwhich Brae em caicinamai: them was also one peritoocaJ mesothelioma. la comet. fahatarirat wort Los Aiamof Bowed no cancer rod Ssk pul monary fibrosis fa res 30 hampers Bowedone mcsoBcfiomabutnoflhreais. The espouse* eem eenduoed a 200 Obe. six boon a day. five days a week, far 24 monds. One ef 137 consol transit uneiposed b fiber developed a sponta neous oanor. Infra*. I9Q. B help darify some of Be roccmiieiet. a fwo-mar mhaUrion study in net and harassen wes begun by TIMA (Thermal famkBcn Maoufjcsrfag Aanriarton), Gro^e of na *er emoted farda hoars ps day. five dsym t bB. B 30mgte* ofJbar dUfaenr types ofROft kaofin. draonfa. Ugh periry, or "fUr serriea* (fa. a kaeGn-besed. eeramie fiber, eoncaioieg 27% cryvafime tffica Bm had previoosty been czparod s high BrapensaeiV Approximeaely 200 8230 Obewoe peserBaeS (lio kngB. Haratass wrae expoed eofy b kaofia RCTs. fa boB Ba rat md Be beinsaer msBex, paridve eorerols kifraied 10 a*/ ra* of cfaysufie sitrU'e set oegmve cousols megved fllBrad fat. Asoalcf 33%rfdhm3t.*T^.T if to Be kaolin RCT-fibers developed mcsoBeBomia. A aonmaEgaxn mesoBdM proGfcnaco wes Ibuod fa dw ptan of one of te ashesaowexpomd *"-- aegstrcKBOBcf Wn tjaj 00tang Usicax. Cytafegie arosoaban of Be fafaps ofte kaoBo^xpcmd barman mveded potasona^r fibroais fa te tom*. oil farways and pfaora. fa te RQLopoeBl no. padxAogxal aostei tcveaied hag amen (some b* aigo), polmooai7 taaon, tad otetotefiosnaL fa ashesBe-cxpoaed ntt, benign and aafigwa faog Baacn *rae reputed, te final reeds am nos yes crasbUe. Cyviogie of te sarrifirnl one year showed Bs exposure b kaofia RC7. tireaca RCF. high purity XCF. trier rorviee* RCF. mi obtrw all teaolBd fa pehnonsy fttrerix. After te fast year, te fibrosa progressed mom slowly. Rbfc evaluation la I9f7, (ARC designated RCF u Greop 2B, "poasibly ardnogroic b homens," oo Be fan of roeral mafirv IPC3 evaltuted RCF with other MMVFs. OynOot afica fa Be form ef cristtfafiB fas teen classified by IARC as 2A. "profahly csnanogcjuc n faonaafc" MMVF rcgulatlorei Ahheogh ao US regutatory guidelina exisi far any fibers, save wriram. Bee Mt oxdtipie lecowmmdmag. NiOSH (te National burinac far Oecopadonal Safety and Health) recommended 3 Cbe or 3 oigfra* guidefiac in 1977. Rber glass and mmersl wool asanufaeasm wcanmend a arodard of I Cfce. based on rrhadare Tha Ssfcty and HexJB ConeniOK of te Bukfing rod Tndes Deperanem of te AFL-QO also rec ommends a standard of 1 Vce. An OSHA proposal ia qproed far fiber glass, mineral wool, rod refractory ce ramic fibers over te next year. Recent unifies on roimalt may sflea Be risk evaluation far RCFs. S t V:4 . < ?*>, .-.y/ >* * ii I. *A*v'.` AM. iA / * ;?: t. V*- t 5 ? V. r* .. Gonad offcveii d rapgibte frodei or fibers rocompiited by < ccmbine- ** at enpnecrmg wxt pne- dost nd {nttcdvi ^apment hi odd* ban. regular medial urruRtnce at ex- poeed popiliriora it recommended. 'ri,> lurim filer Tbs ftsaily af pdydrih fiben >--<* at polypropylene, poverty lean, sad patyesrbasue fiben Tbs major ana an in boms ftnoiahtegs rock as ni(S. udvisary, osiaisa. sad beddtop. Then te pa^earre and meodfic mertew dot will allow phyaidam 10 ), ktemed JodpaecB ibcot te tea m- reedy saaociaaBd with saooaada --j maooal fiben, c fiben oe penenOy sac mpmble even SfteUI lAtmit tt n -- Tf S', .svvTH:"rr.` KIUEIc.' Ammid fuxrr* Aromatic polyamides coordcb14 the avoid fibers, which trt durable mi hsve hifh Besik arertgte. Then fibers generally fill outside te respirable |t, ba aerate at tea have fibrils Oat astj break aB nd liuiw respi rable. h a oet dor Out fabrication pitcntei ciibcr t fibrous or pertkulttc respirabte wroponejL Only s angle erpaimrnnl Body at chronic expense avoid fiben has been conduced. Thin ercrad fiben a oonctncaaon at 100 ttee produced fibrods md rst-sperifie rumen. Steel* term inhaiadoa audios suggest that respirable crjoae fibai do geoaam a duue response in animate saertpermoca) injection undies have ten) 1 alight iecreaM in the incidence of tumors and of fibrosis, Exposure* menused at asnuftauring hvarinns inrficaae fiba ieveb ranging from unrirmaable n ten ten U) tfcc. Carbon fiben The tom fatten fiben" refers 10 bod) eaten and gnpbht fiben. They are danph fins fiben an and liar Q|htwaste, hmteim dadeni sod fix sir fihraioa There bn been cee Mbdhraeie fatetadon sudy wi* tend pteyprupytea Abac k teovnd hUopie scMqr a 90 days, bn no Anas Vabbfc. low kvd> of tsadty *ae ftsaad wid) ageedon aod Is vim icxSea. Mo epidaotelope sestet tea 00 metan rtpvnd b polyolefia fiben hm heea putfited. SUMMARY Tha review of te uiaate daa riwwe that, in ms of pbyiinlnpc dfeae. ten sn aajor dftnnon front onn mao-made or neural fiber u te osak Mou of te dua ii rramriin. but ws do need e reduce knit of esposun and t> deva teean esdy uaps. ftiaeil ruU nd nipka praeeodoo-profrvne say humme te iihjn ofJotetel or tegulaary saudny. Is dm enraen. k b eaite oodnp tea. bknriadly. te recopurios at eee&pudantl pnhrmary teesse has eone only ^ler te fret, ten te mdy ofmorality puanvti Thk nwrespeedn appiunb a 00 kofor morsfly at ndopaikkaOy acceptbis. Tbit p^er. m hope, wil tspply Hemtrbtrt, HD. tniar *-- fia, W G*r*U d. Oi4 flaoaralriui'^iKi.n'uih.Ue! UmrOt rMa ar. Aemr. CeigraSei TV? Um cm* mat to Mi wtdk.. Suggested Resdlag kerOflad Xno/r koewak o> Car m flAkCl. IAAC ; -rpkj *m a* ttdmMm if CareDwfe*^ *,*, j. ana. HmbUMt ifhmaf /iro w JU- dan. Lyra ftanes. Vo( O, l?tt tnitnuaiaml fnfrtnume am Ciadeit Ufin 0K31 Ma-MaSe Vteni Rns. gevhcoBMiMil Hemhh Cnwra 77. Vartf Hate Opeizabon, (km. Sviortnt IMS. Been V, Uinut n T, Qaw O. a ab Man rnwia (Basil fibai. k Macat Tadestop fHmardom Uatrtdi. SeCra t Kriefti 0 (adV VQHaeu aed WOobl. hto tenon Qa praaV US Eavlwaeniil hvucaoa Aptaey (USEPA). /fnU Hoard Acaesais 4 Hmmbtam nun. Haste) ad Emr-jpeeeal Review DMeiaa. Ofict X T* Tahsa-n Wadtepoa. DC IMt ryorixric fibos prepaol by te high* temperature procesaiBg of poiy- MEDELEGAL BULLETIN acrytoniae. prick. or reyon. They an ehaerxriied by Hgfat weigh*. high onub nenfih. ttoabStf. The wrage efiotosx at da fiber is 5 t u> baope 25* of te fibers ere tespi- nblsby humans. Regulation of the Manufacture and Use .Then have been two abort-term Of Potentially Hazardousrnhaiaboe audin. one axhcrironic and Substancesone' chronic, at catteo-besed fiben. Unfononately (te Rudies wen eon* duaed wite asueriab tea had iarje pro portions of poticulue saner or fiben tha wee oca respirable by rats. Injection audita have not term a RpBfiesm inaeaae in tumors. hot in vim teas ten ihown both jenotouc WBBsa B. Bans, MD. JO. MBS Sudor Director. Meo/tK S4&J omd Environment: end Viet fresidem. tfemiOe Salts Corporation Denver. Colorado and cyreraic cites. Oemal ante* hen ncr teove ndsdeafiy significant in te United States, te evtlnsdon Then hen been only limited Rud ies at exposed populations, and epi- and repuluxx) of te hcaMi efiecu at commercial products if bod! ioaesrn dua is not available far risk and comprehensive; intenutkeully. ------y Whs daa don t on it- tcrutioy is kcreasint. Before a new spnbie earboo-fiben in the occups- commercial product if introduced, it rwwsi jeamg indicues only minimal underyoes aevenl levels of review. exposure. For pharmaceudeab. prgicidrt. and consumer preduaa. dan at jpedfa atndante far full eviltasce md rcp> laiory review, ippropmte reran| 3 mandaod before a new {rodua an be approved. For chemical*. prroleu= products, ind odw new commerce inooductiona. rejulaiory review 3 required by te Teak Subtrees Coomi Act (TSCA1. Rejuietory eahorme may also require fecial audin of po 7 | aoerial afesy ten dees, od neung wd Bxxsty hsrnrtnrl relasve b specific hsrarte. Spedfc sub- id provide i i of risk and B tonces are regained by iiyasg. a- lad to ramamended pracdoes due wiU poeure Braes far tagtncertng eoroots nasnsmia tea risk to woken. downline and reamwary pwiihn, wart-prw- maaufacraren and distributors, ind da requiiuaasec mebcsl mcniBring dona. Oteer eases have .............. .. teeir own regulatm. but most saw and local reguladana follow federal gmddfoec even when teey do, how. ever, tee kaptemenaricn atae or espo- otn Specific hfcdt may be required and srevmDanae nndards; wd adar ferenL The US by die qucia imrobrei ibautBe-tpecific cmfibuna. The renew txseads to parent prod- oca going eeo new oa cr b new mer- The rote of EPA dffigeta, ongoing review of faderaL and tool lumwtiawl regulatorla poae oraqut ke& Far example. significant new me Tbe jcope of EPA'i Aacdona is exam- problems for ccponers tad milriw regsiabon (SNUJO requires review ad uve and growing, ia adrWm b odd dooal eorporadooa. The Pnrnpm rignificere new aa ad i produce ^e- review by he Office odTosie iifowrt Goresmauty baa implemented regala. del review Is required od materials (OTS) teido tee autarky confuted by ttaa onalar B tee oornprehoaeve repstnsnuftewred in foreign eouuria when die TSCA. a comprehensive progrim baory tsuenne in tee US. EJarwhov die products fires ema commerce in ha evehed detected B reducing tea in tea worid. heal* aandardt are rap- die United Sosa. risks snmnrri wite various purifeula idly expanding tod neivitg Because od da aeani origin od the media. For example, standards have In addition to teis regulasory framr- rew mareriait. meet fibe* have gener been derived for clean warer, dean sir. wat, a second oa of legd cuntni it ally beat thought B be rtrhrlrd from tee ireement and ifiqvnl of solid aid exercised terough tee ton tymesn. Over TSCA-mtndaied review. However. a Squid hersrdous areas (ooder tea >- tee jretre. case law has evolved t series V* joint commi&ee od industry and gov teority of RCRA (tee Resource Gob- of precedents tea impute dgnificn ernment ha bnm formed to rrncv test servedoo md ffimmary Aet| sad, sub lUbbirieron oatpandans (end earfrritto- mediods for die evuiuadon od dw health sequently. remediation iBdcr CERCLA ais) tea dn not adequately Ba prod- efTecs od fibers wd to consider guide- (tee Comprehensive Cm atiaste nril R^ nm. asses ride oortmunicas pailk Cna for earing fibers entering com- tponae. CompensadoBL sad Liability risks. and naunuxd week pnrrjm mcroe. This group is being coaritinsred AaD. Therefore, each eoasdoo ftem a B usn tea tafety of persons rtguaed through the Qiemical Industry bud- manufacturer or ocr of a product is B tee product, There is tnaasmg rec sae of Toxicology. regulated. The BafaiHty is retrospective, ognition of a day nos only B inform Once a product enters die motet- jou*. and several Oe. any and sfl psrfes but b perforin t product-anaudihip piece, mulripk bexbte and safety regu- are Sable). role. Issoov hum multiple regulatory sgea- EPA a djo required B uanti--'d- Safes andafos of BtbQity for pon bes. apply. Which regulatory agency is ate with conenunida tea may be rf- dally baxardoia produces, and poBthre primary is molly deaetmined by die focsed by aorage and urn of pondafly dnaiga for fiihn b bsdcuae dfoc- circumstances od exposure, although hxzardM substances terough Tide IS dve programs, make dda area of law there is ujteiiniial overlap and mtegre- of tee Superfuad Amendment! and andosift iis.i taiTinirrty challenging 6ob od regubaoty ftacbons: worten ex- Rrantwriudon Aa (SARA). The EPA The muhtade of reguleory nan lute, pood B a pomrmaOy bsjc substance also eoeeeb tee quarcrin of chemt- tee developmea ofcommon-law expee* are an Oaajpaiorwl Safety aid Health caia tea may ba nwinrd. grnrria-i adoot. and tee Booae in worker od AtiTuniiaarion (OSHA) resporabdiry. reports B eaooursga tee mriis-dnn of consmncr awareacst win make tee die Eavwoamenal Prerecsou Agency waste, and devefops Indoor Air Qudty 199Qt a period of oemendout daflenge (EPA) rrgnlnrt cxpoeure od die gen (1AQ) pregtame b presaa tee puhQe far health profcsziocais wetting wite eral public. from unBsiad exponree. The eaen- mamfaccuren, woricen. tad ccrmaa- don is B prov ik cocprltjsra. craflt- en. The combiaarion of eipaadieg The pole of OSHA B-giave reguloion of poKodaBy haz soaopolmal concerns and new tec^ OSHA dueerivea include conmasiica- ardous tubeomcn. ooto^es and materials means tee prob don. general niaisg. tpd specified methodi of compliance. A peimtnent Other venues lems wiO increase, not lessen. Health pm/--(ha. not engage in risk hnedao of OSHA it B assure adequate bi adteoan b federal law, suae and local evaluation and cotrgmmkadoo. This caTrrarji soon of tee potenail hazards laws reguiae occupational and environ precea begun with tee recognition of here tea manufaesurer of tee produet mental exposures. Stares have laws the complexity and comprehensive B tee wortar. Tbe Hazard Cornmuti- requiring special labelling aid impos oesoe of tee reguladons and inehides a casco Sandani mgstaes a written pro ing resnaicra an release of obsarvees. sensitivity (and sa tetion-oriemed gram. including tee labelling of prod- California, for examapte. ha ia Propo- approach) b both water tnd corouner uca md work areas, tee prepemion of coon AS and "Toxic Ha Spoa* reguia- protecdon. e WiPi I PubOcadorw, he. JeaCW Capita Tmi \MmmgBn. 0 I9h0h T Mri mdtr i dob idteea * apa afar often rt i a inf M * Wf Caw*** OtW! byKK.*o mma* mvy ftffOftarf ft at pvt ft *y farm. i Av* ft* putiiirfig. Ooeeftabaaarf Prebfcaft ft k i nftri if"-"-- ^ - ( ifh A //4* (to S