Document kmYQrBEp769nG0nO5VJGGN030

FILE NAME State of the Art Literature SAL DATE 1942 Dec DOC SAL036 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Bulletin by Hygiene - Industrial Hygiene in a - 7 ater fee hoe ae ya yEO te tei e te yw Nek ee ene _~ x 811 Der 1942 and al NikmaterF BUREAOUF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL DISEASES | summary BULLETIN OF HYGIENE - chapters nowadays nowadays - ang many a detouc numeroas Volume XVII No. 12 ; . December 1942 it a clear ( ) BALTIMORE COURT FOR BALTIMORE BALTIMORE CIRCULY CIRCULY BALTIMORE COUNTY fob PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIF'S EXHIBIT rf ; 17. No. 12 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 819 A. other tests the men who had not been driving ; since sleep had the best score and those who Betrieb- had been driving for 10 or more hours the . KUHN A. Erkrankungen der Weritarbeiter der . Knegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven unter besonderer Ber^...cksichtigung der sunf^/lle und Berufskrankheiten Eine worst The British investigations referred to conchiefly the experience of the Health of i cernMunition Workers Committee and to the | effects of instituting rest pauses In addition .+ the importance of adequate nutrition is stressed ! and is pointed out that deficient diets may be naval responsible for mental depression indigestion fatigue retarded learning ability and inter- ference with vision At present there in Uebersicht ueber die Jahre 1930-1938 Illness among Dock Workers at Wilhelms- haven with Special Reference to Industrial Accidents and Diseases from 1930 to 1938 Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 1940 July 29 v 10 No. 2 133 5030 refs - The total number employed at the base of Wilhelmshaven rose from 11,901 5,942 dock labourers and 5,959 otherwise employed thousands and 4 the U.S.A. of workers under greater in 1930 to 31,193 16,531 dock labourers strain and activity than they have experienced 14,662 14,662 otherwise employed in 1935 organized effort to improve General Influenza accounted for for years without their food supply 19.3 per cent of illness among workers Service ' The U. Public Health recently and 19.5 per cent of those otherwise employed eneewr night shifttshat they shoSuelrdvice has == aged ten made a statement on the Workers Health and This high incidence is explained by large the Twenty Schedule which contains aggregations of workers in a small space a number of unexceptionable pronouncements unaccustomed and severe weather conditions but its conclusions on the change of night etc. Catarrhal conditions ofthe upper respiratory shifts contradict the extensive evidence tract accounted for 16-3 per cent and 14-7 per obtained by the Health of Munition Workers cent respectively rheumatic disorders for Committee The U. Public Health Service 8 per cent of both groups Tuberculous and . maintains that day and night shift workers suspected tuberculous cases totalled 438 between ought not to change over every two or three 1930 and 1933. Disorders of the heart and weeks as they find it difficult to adjust their circulation 65 per cent in men aged 50 60 hting and sleeping habits They should there- 20-25 per cent 40-50 and 10 per cent Are change over every two or three months aged 30-40 have increased during recent years The Health of Munition Workers Committee partly on account of the employment of older recommended change or previously unemployed men Nervous dis- week for the great majority of workers when orders accounted for 6-5 per cent of all cases of on never get quiet and undisturbed illness and intestinal disorders and rest during the day but any loss of sleep then chronic gastritis gastric and duodenal ulcer- experienced can be made up for in the alternate for 12.5 per cent .; factors responsible included mw shift weeks see this Bulletin 1941 v 16 constitutional weakness excessive use of 6 This weekly change is the almost alcohol and tobacco irregular meals lack of universal custom in continuous processes such hot mid meals and of domestic amenities as are met with in the iron and industry Accidents incidence was 28 H. M. Vernon follows - Mb - 1 1 . . | 1933 | 1934 1935 | - 1936 | 1937 : : 218461PTA | Average number of workers 0.00 444 - see 13,876 16,853 { 23.458 | 23,910 | 35,311 35,311 } 2,562 4.047 | | | AccideAccnidtentss during woworrkk during cs : cw . ve 1 18.4 21.4 4,903 5,252 | 20.9 15-1 | 5,436 13.6 218461PTA during | | during Accidents Ac idents transport transport to and from work ae 112 0.6 110 | ; 0.6 3 199 0.9 259 4 0.9 | 387 1-0 a 218486861PTA 2184681PTA : } 7 : ; ; 2184681PTA Completely incapacitated ase -jg ! ? ? 218486861PTA Partly incapacitated 20 * -jg ! +13 31 - 31 33 ; , - sn L ' a ae atiaael .. eps iS e 4 ECTY: te75 gts od " {| . ee Tewas os yt e eee -- Gam aw ee ONT qi:4 08 x Petery YP PO 5a : iit - wads .. cad ets oan ea im, +7 . free ee aa Ne nutty pale aap 15 ached. ~s. } ae WA's. sey .bd oe ate St aa yy ae . cat Pane es eee aot ms Anes 08 i teat te; }: et ane! ss Meee i nes mudd et cts 2s are Le wee *f call eonyy Se 2 oY * 3 ort ae - i tr , ORE y4|, ? 4 : rae I * oS ne rhe , ett ; Ns * pias 72 ; al} yt So wt * al vs Ist wi he af a Peat] fs | ats Be oe BANGS eo bed Pec, : Gilley ey an more : | 4 ene ere ' Ore ee 4 hae tam, vil bf posi 2 od ws on ary BULLETIN OF HYGIENE 7 December 1942 _. ; : Daily incidence highest on Monday and lowest on Friday and Saturday was ascribed to the workers habit of using Sunday as a of day pleasure with much alcohol consumption Incidence according to the nature of the work was highest among builders labourers followed closely by transport workers _* Ambulant cases treated at the first aid station constituted 57 per cent of the whole working population but this high figure _ included all minor injuries only about one- third required hospital or special medical treatment while only 117 per cent suffered _ from even temporary incapacity for work Eye injuries especially foreign accounted for third of all accidents bodies -* -. Industrial Diseases showed a comparatively low and increasing incidence see table below Lead Poisoning occurred less frequently than before 1920 owing partly to the cessation of shipbreaking operations partly to decrease of the use of containing paints Preventive measures included careful choice of workers young and weak persons alcoholics and hyper- tensives being excluded ; provision of extra milk prohibition of smoking eating in only one case : asbestos is now little used as an isolation material All asbestos workers are clinically and radiologically examined every six months and removed from exposure after two years Poisoning by bentol and its homologues Preventive measures include good ventilation | careful choice of workers and blood examinations at least every six months Dinitrobenzol da and nitrotoluol caused no severe cases of .. poisoning no blood changes were observed . Skin lesions especially of the hands occurred _- in workers using the aromatic compounds Yellow pigmentation was due to picnic and Hygienic measures included daily baths daily change of clothing exclusion of workers with sensitive skins few ass + Mineral Vomiting occurred in a few ~ cases among oil tank workers these were often found to be allergic to the smell of certain . .. oils Preventive measures against skin lesions . included the provision of barrier creams Pneumatic machine injuries characterized by -- | changes in the joints and necrosis of the w II bones were confirmed by ray examination'~-n only one case described in detail though 22 per . cent of 118 workers investigated complained of motor disturbance . oot - ) rv _ ; the workshops Respiratory catarrh occurred in casting operations and was especially due to sand and metal dust arising during cleaning and polishing of casts Asbestosis occurred in subjective symptoms pallor and deadness " of the fingers especially of the left hand were found in 62 per ceat oi these workers See also this Bulletin 1931 ly 2 mete Workers receiving Compensation 4 | ' 1931 } 1932 . 1933 | 1934 | t 1935 | . : 1936 1 oe 1937 1 1938 7 1930 4 | . : due to ; 21 -2 -2 i 110 IncInacappaacictyity -2 8730164 8730164 110 887301634 -2 == I : Manganeso 2 33 toe 887301634 Benzol homologues 887301634 = . | 887301634 Aromatic compounds ; an eee .... ... wee its nitro and eee eee ae 4 oes 221 887301634 887301634 _ 887301634 887301634 87301634 887301634 _ 221 8 7301634 _ -2 -2 887301634 == 887301634 - to ( , _ 33 33 33 33 : oo ; | .0U - T CHaarlbogoennabtiesdulphhyidderoc.. a.rb-ons +-. o + ne 3 _ _ -es _ - _ is . A - 5 Chronic skin lesions from galvanising Asbestosis 444 Severa skin lesions necessitating change or cessation of work on * Chronic skin lesions from mineral oils . tar etc. --- tee tees : : t 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 ' 1934 | 1935 | 1936 ; | | - | -l- -i{ nr1 on Poe a ied | : _ _ ee i -|- 9-1--2-815 9-1--2-815 9-1285 9-12815 9-1--2-815 9-1285 9-1--2-815 H te 1937 | 193 i | ae Fe ae } mi | ee : Compressed air injuries ... Infectious diseases eee oe HEGF HEGF | | HEGF 4 $: -iot 1 Vol 17. No. 6 321 1 The high inci Asorders showe the variable an living which hygiene and incidence of success of su fully carried mus Leinoff H. L. Industry Injuries Intern M figs R A series of symptoms ress scclusion follow f the chest a revealed chan Jamage Som entirely but --. sability Ti years of age in arriving 3 whether or nor the injury -hould always hest injury a . taken The an the history fir- the needs of .. the then uppe ilygiene Dis INDUS MeiklejohN A Silicosis 1942 Apr In the Wor rtain indust Third Schedu Secretary of . silseases to t Committee 3 useases coule that fibroid sufficiently di that there were io its inclu Therefore an Lompensation power to the : 17 compensat lustry or Sea dust wh 7m as suit Mitosis or su ee ame ait st ailed -Y17 -Y17 -Y17 No. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 821 : -Y17 A. 6 321 1933 v 399 1939 v 13 273. The high incidence of accidents and infectious disorders shown in this review is ascribed to the variable and unstable conditions of work and living which require constant attention to hygiene and sanitary measures the low incidence of industrial diseases shows the The first Scheme to provide compensation was that applied to the refractories industries in 1919. No compensation was payable however under this scheme in respect of silicosis accompanied by tuberculosis except under certain speciied circumstances but a Departmental Committee which subsequently in- success of such measures tully carried out where they can be Ethel Browning vestigated the working of the Scheme recom- mended that silicosis with tuberculosis should included The Committee also recommended LEINOFF H. D. Acute Coronary Thrombosis in the establishment of a Medical Board on the Industry I. Direct Nonpenetrating Injuries with Report of Cases Arch lines of the South African organization to carry out medical examinations and issue certificates Intern Med 1942 July 70 No. 1 33 52 ; + figs Refs in footnotes A series of 18 cases is reported in which symptoms resembling those of acute coronary occlusion followed direct penetrating injuries of the chest and in which electrocardiograms revealed changes associated with myocardial damage Some of the patients recovered entirely but most showed a residual cardiac disability The great majority were over 40 years The series illustrates the difficulty in arriving at a decision for compensation whether or not the disability is to be attributed to the injury The possibility of heart damage should always be borne in mind in cases of chest injury and electrocardiograms should be saken The author stresses the importance of history first obtained from the patient since needs of the moment and not future benefits fe then uppermost in the patient's mind . R. T. Grant Hygiene Diseases and Accidents of Special INDUSTRIES AND OCCUPATIONS A number of Acts were subsequently passed consolidating the position and in 1931 compensation schemes were put into operation for the refractones sandstone metal grinding and various other industries Since then further amendments and extensions have been enacted and now there are briefv two kinds of scheme 1 those e.g. the Refractories and Sandstone Schemes in which a Compensation Fund has been set up for the industry with the co- operation of the employers in the industry out of which the compensation due under the Scheme and other expenses are paid 2 those e.g. Metal Grinding Industries and Various Industries Schemes where the liability is placed as under the Act on the employer who last employed the workman in the process These schemes apply to certain occupations and processes and to them only Moreover it has been held by the Court that the words used in describing the processes specified in the scheme are to be interpreted in the technical sense in which they would be understood in the trades concerned and not in the wide sense in which they might be understood by the MEIKLEJOHN A. Some Medico Aspects of eo Silicosis Medico & Criminol Rev. general public Furthermore the schemes are limited as to date of application and of time 1942 Apr. v 10 No. 2 S6 relative to the date of injury These details In the Workmen's Compensation Act 1906 certain industrial diseases were included in the given to Third Schedule and power was the Secretary of State by Section 8 to add other diseases to the Schedule A Departmental Committee appointed to consider what further diseases could properly be included reported that fibroid phthisis was a specific and sufficiently distinguishable trade disease but that there were serious difficulties in recommend- ing its inclusion in the Schedule In 1918 therefore an additional Act The Workmen's Compensation Silicosis Act was passed giving power to the Secretary of State to make schemes for compensation of workmen in any specified industry or process involving exposure to silica dust who should be certified in a prescribed form as sufiering death or disablement from silicosis or silicosis and tuberculosis constitute a 4 , legal title antecedent to a claim for compensation In the same way medical title to compensation must be established Every certificate of compensation issued by the Medical Board must be on the authority of not less than two members of the Board which consists of a Chief Medical Officer and eight other medical men constituting four panels operating in diferent areas Salaries and expenses are defrayed by a Medical Expenses Fund established under the Scheme and administered by Trustees appointed by the Home Secretary The total expenditure in- curred in this way is about 18,000 per annum The decision of the Medical Board as to the issue of a certificate is final and conclusive The medical officers are impartial acting judicially ; where two members who have to sign a certif cate are not agreed the case must be referred to o 7 : = oe be led etd aoe 1 iat le . hi + _ ce rtes e. ee . See ON YF elm ebee F> preny ae apeetye eeefe es wire Se-mare. aos Ce se ge EIN, . - OP Lew PS! ed 25 KF Se we wt iocwe a ers* 0 eo i. ? Ode enae ow Ls x 7 . ay RT e oar pC OF TAS Ir, oe : es mate os vee md 4 : THLE aahre oe x ef, a ER ve . . oe OAD : e Theatrs : : oe : any mie ae : oe the poem- ae, UA eo bb Wo eatn aT erp:anesae8 e Rin ahd et ama ee eS ed ee e TOM Ceteel Benmoreo. Ce ee ENCE POT Ott INT ens > FEa) wh .^' lige Lamr. em Cese s wT) ae rer ee TM tele tat te ae OLEet Ot FEATal . tale aa ae oo Nh te Re pe Oe 0e oe ee ra ee G1 etme 0 hoa e oe e P nT ey wee