Document kmLVMw8byLa528Ma8xJ6zQRYJ

FILE NAME: International Harvester (INTH) DATE: 1958 Apr DOC#: INTH055 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Article - American Industrial Hygiene Journal AMERICAN Industrial ASSOC Volume 19 APRIL 1958 Number 2 T he Control of a Lead H azard in the Silversmithing I ndustry....................... 73 Leonard D. Paynotto and Harold Bavley I nstrument Developments in H ealth P hysics ................................................. 75 F. E. Adley Studies on the T oxicity of ii-Propyl N itrate Vapor . . . . ............. S3 William E. Rinehart, Robert C. Garbers, Earle A . Greene and Robert M. Sloujer N oise E xposure E valuation .. . .............................................. 84 Edward W. Path and Carl J . Weinberg (with a Critique by K. C. Stewart) T he T oxicology of an An ilin e-F urfuryl Alcohol-H ydrazine Vapor Mixture 91 Keith H . Jacobson, William E . Rinehart, Henry J . Wheelwright Jr., Martin A. .floss, Jackie L. Papin, Robert C. Daly, Earle A. Greene and William A. Groff N uclear Safety and I ndustrial H ygiene in the F abrication of N uclear F uel E lements ................. II' B Hams and L R. Solon .101 T he E ffectiveness of Sand as a F ilter M edium..................... ... fl. E. Yoder and F. M. Empson .107 Criteria for Establishing Short T erm P ermissible I ngestion of F allout M a t e r ia l ................................. Ill Gordon M . Dunning C urrent P roblems in the F ield of R espiratory P rotection..................... 121 E. C. Hyatt R espirator P roblems in Atomic E nergy Practice 123 G. W. C. Tail and T. H. Byington A D iscussion of the B ureau of M ines Approval Schedules for R espiratory P rotective Devices ................... 126 5. J. Pearce A Comparison of P erformance Standards and T ests Specified by B ureau of Mines Schedule 14F and by the Chemical Corps f o r t h e M9A1 Mask 130 Gerald J. Fleming R espiratory P rotection Equipment Developments by the U. S. Army Chem ical Corps................................................................................................. 140 A Wan L. H'esi T he R espirator P roblem--an I ndustrial H ygienist's View point 149 Harry S. Jordan H ygienic Guides Se r ie s .................................................................................................. 154 N ews of Local Sections . ... .......................... 16-4 American I ndustrial H ygiene Association J ournal, puolished bi-m onthly for the American Industrial Hygiene Associa tion. Dohrman H . Byers. Editor; Jack C. Radeliffe. Associai Editor; Lloyd E. Cordon, .Vctuj Editor. Editorial Offices, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. Subscription 17.50 per year in the United States; $7.75 per year in Canada; 18.25 per year in all other foreign countries. Single copies $1.50. Copyright, 1058, by The Williams it Wilkins rv, s v ...-- > -- - class m atter at th ~i** - "1 Industrial Hygiene Journal C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: To prevent exposure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust, process ventilation and/or en closure are the best, means of control. For some operations & dust respirator approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines may be satisfactory. rV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplncennent : Clinical and chest radiographic examinations should be made on all persons prior to job assignment. (21 Periodic : Since there is only lim ited information about the harmful effects of amorphous silica in in dustry, exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical ex aminations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be useful. (3) Treatment: No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure, and therapy for any com plicating infection. 161 V. Literature References 1. Cooper, YT. C., ct al: Industrial Hy giene Foundation Transaction Bulletin No. 30,152-194. 2. D rinker, P. and H atch, T.: Industrial Dust, McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York, 1954. 3. F raser, D. A.: AM A Arch, of hid. Hyg. and Oce. Med., S: 412, 1953. 4. L ambiE, 3. S.: Ind. Med., 7: 470,193S. 5. P alicabd, A. and Collet, A.: AM A Arch, of Ind. Hyg. and Oce. Med., 9: 389, 1954. 6. Schepers, G. VP. H., et al: AM A Arch, of Ind. Health, 16: 125, 1957; ibid, 16: 203, 1957; ibid, 16: 280, 1957: ibid. 16: 363, 1957; ibid, Iff: 499, 1957. 7. Smart, R. H. and Anderson, YV, M.: Ind. Med. and Svrg., S I: 509, 1952. 8. T ebbens, B. D. and Beard, R. R.: AMA Arch. Ind. Health. 16 : 5 5 ,1957. 9. U. S. Public Health Service; California Department of Public Health; Nevada State Health Department; Oregon State Board of Health: Progrs? Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis Hazards in the Diatomite Processing Industry. 1955. Asbestos I. Hvgienic Standards A.' RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AT MOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION (S hours): 5 million particles per cubic foot of air (M P P C F )1* (1) Basis for Recommendation: Experi ence in industry,5- **" " and ani mal experiments.*-' B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS: (1) Health: Long continued inhalation of asbestos dust results in a form of pneumoconiosis known as asbes- tosi-. The primary effect of inhala tion is an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and sputum. Based on roentgenological examinations, asbestosis can be clas sified as minimal, moderate, and advanced. I t is a serious disease in some instances, but more frequently it remains nondisabling for many vears, even without appreciable . symptoms, as long as some other serious disease does not supervene to cause death.* Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variable cough, dyspnea, substernal chest pains, decreased chest expansion, weakness, emaciation, clubbed fin ger tips, and curved fingernails. Any appreciable decrease in the amount of asbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will cause a decrease in the incidence and severity of asbestosis. Individual suceptibility varies* There have been reports of an increased incidence of lung can cer in poison with n?bestosis,5 (2) Fire: None. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE: Not applicable: II. Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occurs in various combinations as white, greyish or greenish masses, either compact or of long silk}' fibers, flax-like and readily separated. About 95% of commerical asbes tos is ehrysotile, which is derived from serpentine, and is n hydrous magnesium 162 April, 195S silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystallisation. III. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION: The spuming and weaving of asbestos, in combination with other textiles for fire proof and heat resistant cloth, results in dust exposure. I t may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe cover ing, protective clothing, shielding ma terials, and as automotive brake linings. In the building industry it is used in the manufacture of asbestos cement products, heat insulating, and fire proofing materials. B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES: As bestos dust may be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collecting medium,** and dust counts made by the standard light field technique * The recommended flinfimiim atmospheric concentration of 5 M PPCF is based upon the impinger sampling procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: Prevention of asbestoas depends entirely upon preventing ex posure to concentrations of dust suffi ciently high to produce the characteris tic reaction. Enclosure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U. S. Bureau of Mines ap proved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES : (1) Preplacement: Clinical and radiographic chest examinations prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Exposed personnel should have periodic clinical examinations for signs and symptoms of asbestosis. These should include exami nation of the sputum for asbestosis bodies, and chest x-rays of good quality. (31 Treatment: No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure and therapy for any com plicating infection. V. Literature References 1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: AM A Arch, o/ Ind. Health, 16: 261, 1957. 2. Cartier, P aul: AM A Arch, oj Ind. Health, 11: 204, 1955. 3. D oll, R .: Brit. J. Ind. Med., IS: 8, 1955. 4. D reesen, W. C., et al: Public Health Bulletin No. 241, Supt. of D oe, Wash ington, D . C , 1938. 5. D rinker, P . and H atch, T.; Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill Book Co, In c , New York, 1954. 6. F aiiuzall, Lawrence T .: Industrial Toxicology. The Williams it Wilkins C o , Baltimore, M d, 1957. 7. K ing, E . J , et al: Thorox I, p. 186, 1946. S. Ltnch, K . M.: AM A Arch, of Ind. Health, 11: 185, 1955. 9. McPheeters, S. B.: J. Ind. Hyg. A Tox., 18: 229, 1936. 10. Page, R . T. and Bloowield, J. J .: Pub. Health Reptt. 52: 1713, 1937. 11. Patty, F rank A.: Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. l. Interscience Publishers, In c , New York, 1948. 12. Smith, K. W., AM A Arch, of Ind. Health, 12: 198, 1955. 13. Vohwald, A. J , et al: AM A Arch. Ind. Hyg. and Occup. Med. 3: 1, 1951. Because of space limitations, it is impossible to list all methods of exposure evaluation. The selections have been made on the basis of current usage, reliability, and applicability to the usual industrial type of exposure. Any specific evaluation and/or control problem will involve professional judgment. This can best be done by professional industrial hy giene personnel. Respiratory protective devices are commercially available. Their use, however, should be confined to emergency or intermittent exposures and not relied upon as primary means oj hasard control. A relative scale is used for rating the severity of hasards: nil, low, moderate, high, and extra hasardous.