Document kmJMY5wL3aoJB1nzg0agVqjjb

and windy periods Others keep dust down by spraying onto the road surface standard road oil with an asphalt base Skidding on snow and ice is a senous haz ard during the winter Snow and ice should be removed by means of snowplows or blade graders as promptly and as completely as possible Remaining ice or packed snow may be scored with a sawtoothed blade to prepare the surface for the application of abrasives or chemicals, such as cinders mixed thoroughly with sodium chloride or calcium chlonde These mixtures may be applied by a spreader or by hand When roadways are built close to high banks, the slopes of the banks should be in spected for loose rocks, expecially after rain and freezing or thawing weather Loose rock should be barred down Where trucks enter public highways, warn ing signs should be placed 750 ft from either side of the entrance Design, color, and placement of the signs should be m accord ance with U S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washing ton, D C Manual on Uniform Traffic Con trol Devices for Streets and Highways, also published as American Standard D6 1 If operations are conducted at night, these signs should be refiectonzed Driver qualifications and training The modem heavy-duty truck or other off-the-road equipment is a carefully engi neered and expensive piece of equipment and warrants operation only by drivers who are qualified physically and mentally and by training and experience The physical and mental qualifications for an efficient and safe operator of heavy off-the-road equipment (discussed earlier m this chapter) apply to drivers of off-the-road trucks No driver or operator should be allowed to work until his knowledge, experience, and abilities have been determined The time that is required for a prospective driver or operator to become thoroughly acquainted with the mechanical features of the truck or piece of equipment, safety rules, driver re ports and emergency conditions vanes Even an expenenced man should not be permitted to operate equipment until the instructor or supervisor is satisfied with his abilities FiG 46-12 --Enclosed, compactor-type refuse collection truck Backing is a most dangerous operation because of poor visibility Courtesy International Harvester Co Since accidents caused by unsafe practices outnumber those resulting from unsafe con dition of equipment and roadways, the time required for thorough checking and training is well warranted After a man has been trained, constant supervision is required to make sure that he continues to operate in the way in which he was instructed Operating trucks near workmen Workmen are exposed to the danger of being struck or run over by trucks, particu larly around power shovels and other equip ment, in garages, shops, dumps, and similar areas Backing. The most dangerous movement is backing, especially for packer-loaded trucks (Fig 46-12), used by municipalities and private contractors for refuse collection Some construction companies require driv ers to blow three blasts of the horn for a back up signal An automatic audible signaling device for warning workers out of the path of a back- To be revised m 1970 1559