Document km3QY8NbLv7ZxedG894BJenKV

Scoteaber, 1941 i EXHIBIT , I a Literature--News--Developments Nev:s Items 596 Americas Conference on Industrial Health Meets November 5 and 6. Under tho auspices of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6, at Chicago Towers, Chicago. The opening session vail be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health on the basis that health supervision in industry involves two great principles: (1) the adjustment of the vprising environment to the employee; and (2) the ad justment of the employee to the wo rising environment, including also the human environment. The technical problems arc the result of ^he application of those principles, and ran the whole gamut of public health as applied to industry. The afternoon session will be a symposiun on the economics of industrial health, including: (1) organization and cost of a health service, and (2} dis cussion on the value of industrial health service to the employer, the employee and the public. The morning of the second day will be given over to a symposim on the social implications of industrial health, discussing hew far en indus trial health service should go; are hospital and medical care plans related to industrial health service in any practical way; does legislation play a part in this problem; and the evaluation of labor turnover, spoilage, and laefc of train ed men, together vrt.th the experiences of management and the interests of insur ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented. 697 Special Course in Industrial Hygiene Offered at University of Pennsylvania, In order to provide trained industrial hygiemst3 to meet the needs of expanding health and safety sorvicas in the defense industries, the University of Pennsyl vania offers a course of instruction, of twelve weefcs duration, in Industrial Hygiene. The course will be given under the auspices of the Engineering, Science and Management Defense Training Frogrcm of the U.3. Office of Education and is open to graduates in engineering, chemistry or allied sciences. Subjects covered in the course include: Principles of industrial hygiene, industrial hygiene laboratory methods, industrial ventilation, safety engineer ing, administration of industrial health services, industrial psychology and statistical methods. Presentation of the course is contingent upon the en rollment of a satisfactory nuaber of students, (which will run from October 27, 1941 to January 17, 1942). Applications for admission to the course should be addressed to: Theodore Hatch, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene, Deportment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. Legal reyelcnr.ents -58 Inhalation of Vaporized Lomu Point. Lead Poisoning, Accidental laj'y*. Respondent worked heir a any v.nta petitioner on July IS, 194C, and experienced some aisccnfort and requested a respirator which the petitioner furnished hut which by reason of its age and condition, was only partially effective. Respond ent worked the following day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then v.orkcd three days more with lead paint and two days v/ith aluminum paint v.'hich had no lead content. The respondent testified that he began tc ha7e stomach cramps ana muscular pains on the third da7 but that he thought that his difficulty was due to the confined space in -which he v.*us working and the intense heat. Respondent returned to his heme July 31st and his condition became such as' to require medical'attention. An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardous employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun ever a short period of time which results in acute lead poisoning is sufficiently certain and definite in point of time to constitute an accidental injury. Award of compensation for tem porary disability sustained C.K. Howard i Co. et al. v. McKay et al. ftVszIia. Suproae Ct. Docided September 3, 1941. 699 Eye Burn Resulting From Exposure to Arc-Light Flashes. ''Accident" V.'ithin the Meaning if the Act. Tine of Occurrence of the Accident. This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eyo bum, "conjuncti vitis," resulting from exposure to arc-light flashes while the employee wa3 working near some welders. The Industrial Commission found in favor of tho claimant and a?;nrdcd compensation. No permanent disability is involved, the natters presented being the happening of an accident, and the question as to which cf two insurance carriers is liable should it be judicially determined that the employee sustained a compensable accidental injury within the meaning cf the Y'orizzcn's Compensation Act. It is undisputed that the Groat American Indemnity Company, plaintiff in error, was the insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon, May 11, 1940. The company denies liability after this date, and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund became tho carrier of the risk. The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred May 10, 1940. The points urged as requiring reversal are that there was no accident within the meaning of tho Workman's Compensation Act; if there 7,ms an accident the dis ability did not extend over ten days; the accident occurred some time after neon May li, 1340, at which time plaintiff in error was not the carrier of tho risk. Counsel for the indemnity company first contend for nonliability, in that claimant suffered from an occupational disease rather than an accident. If claimant had been working as a welder thore perhaps would be seme bnsis for the contention advanced. He was engaged in doing general work; nor was this injur-/, under tho circumstances, to be expected in tho usual course of events. There is cnplo testimony support the finding that the disability was compensable from Juno 5 to July 5, 1940. There is no dispute that-the.* injury Xor v*hich the em ployees sought compensation was present May 10. The commission was warranted, as a reasonable inference therefrom, in finding that claimant's eye condition resulted from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that date, or within a reasonable time prior thereto. The judgment is affirmed. Groat American Indemnity Co. v. State Compensation Insurance Fund ot al. Colo. Supreme Ct. Decidca September 2, 1941. iCCH}. --Annual Meeting -- ^ov. 12 and 13--- Digest of industrial Hygiene - v xo 'ea* ;fc of St< :e High'.vay Department Smloyce from 7 cbar Pneumonia. C.uesticn whether Death was Approxir.atei:' Caused 'ey t.`.c Zmalc;~cat. ilaiCinscr., wiiilo an empioyco of too heron Dakota stats highway department at an engineer, died from lobar pneuaonia. Toe plaintiff, Ms wife, applied to the bureau for compensation. From juc*pent for the plaintiff, defendant appeals. The deceased worked in snev; prevention work. The deceased had a cold for sometime. He drove in an automobile to his heme, a distance of approximately one hundred miles. The following day, the doctor diagnosed his case as pneumon ia. The solo question i^re is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobar pneumonia 'was "approximately caused by the employment." In the case at bar, there was nothing unusual in tho wric of tho deceased. Just when he was inocu lated by the goim no one could tell. The Workman's Compensation Act does net cover diseases contracted by an employee outside of his employment; and where compensation is sought on the theory that the aeath of the employee was caused by disease, it must be shown that tho disease was approximately caused by tho employment. Vfhere the alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and the disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with the employment, the burden of proof has not been sustained, and no compensation can be allowed. Tho plaintiff has failed to she?/ that the disease from which the worker died was approximately caused by his employment. Judgment reversed. N.D. Supreme Ct. Decided August 23, 1341. (CCHJ. XI Silicosis. Disease. Poor Ventilation in Mine. Insufficient Equipment. Occupational-^ Those arc appeals by Hhv/ard, Connell, Johnson, Stevens, Vcight and Williamson from orders, respectively, of the Industrial Accident Board denying compensation. All six worked in the defendant company's Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought workmen's compensation for silicosis suffered by reason of their employment prior to Juno 1939. The six cases v/cro consolidated for trial. The record presents one question, is the disease suffered, silicosis, an occupational dis ease, that is to say, one which inheres in tho particular employment, which can not be prevented by reasonable means? Tho evidence is undisputed, and tho board found that blasting operations in defendant* s quartz mine were generally carried on just before the closo of each work shift; that blasting operations erected much dust and ssoke and fumes; that there was always more or less silica laden dust in the air in the vicinity v/hcrc drilling operations and blasting were carried on; that after the spring of 1933 the underground <sployces of tho com pany ate their lunch at the various statics levels 'ey the shaft. Hero it is un disputed tho Mayflower Mine w3 not provided with any mechanical ventilation whatever after May, 1933; that the company did not install exhaust pimps or fil ters of any typo; that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it lid not pro vide masks for its underground workers, notwithstanding the fact that the air way was partially blocked and the natural circulation thereby impaired. The company previdod wot drilling equipment, but that, as the rertrd indisputably shows, was, in and of itself wholly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis. As to tho law in effect when the disease was contracted, -whether the contraction of silicosis shall, or shall not, be deemed to bo accidental depends "on the particular circumstances of the case and accidental features, or the absence thereof." There was accidental injury hero. Silicosis is in large part preventable by one device cr another. Claimant is clearly and unquestion ably entitled to recover compensation. The causes arc remanded, -with directions to tho Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found claimants suffered. Howard v. Texas Owyhee Mining k Development Co. Idaho Supreme Ct. Decided July 17, iS4i. (CCH). digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 7C2 Silicosis* Recover!/ of Cormoa-Law liability for Negligence. Attempt to Recover from lasuranco Currier* No Acciecnt. I; oppears that one plaintiff, defers the institution of the suit at bar, hod secured a jud^aent against his former employer, the National Iron Company, for damages on account of having contracted silicosis by reason cf th6 negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and comply v.ith certain statutes cf the State of Minnesota designed for the safety and well-being of employees in cer tain types of industry. The plaintiff alleges his inability to collect his said judgment from his former employer, and brings this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident, and that plaintiff's condition was caused by disease. Thors are raised by the pleadings but two questions for the Court to determine on this notion: first, whether the policies cover liability f:r all injuries or only those sustained by accident, and, second, v.-as plaintiff' s injury sustained by accident. In the case of Golden v. Larch Bros. Inc., the facts are almost identical with those of this case. The Court in the Golden case said: "The recovery of Golden against his employers v;as not and or the compensation law. It was exclusively on their ccsroon-law liability for negligence. That tort functioned harmfully, not through or because of accident, but rathor and exclusively by insidious and chronic disease, in the causation cf v/hich there wa3 no accident." The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined the precise questions raised here, contrary to the contentions of the plaintiff. The motion of the defendant is granted. 3chuman v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. U. S, Dint. Ct., List, of Minn, Decided August 25, 1541. (CCH). 7C3 Occupatiarnl Diseases. Y.'o^icaen, s Compensation Law Supplement, Now York State Department of Labor, ?. 14, 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. A mechanic who tested a large airr.ber of automobile motors each day in an ill-ventilated room became blind as a result of optic neuritis. The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and that the claimant's condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph. The finding was affirmed. "Any and All Occupational Diseases." The following diseases were held compens able under thi3 paragraph: Arthritis, traumatic, of the wrist, suffered by a pres3cr who used a 12 lb. iron, trairaatiaation being caused by the repeated pressure involved. Av/ard was based on the proportionate loss of the use of the hand. 3rcnchial astiaaa, suffered by an automobile spray painter. Bronchitis complicated with asthaa contracted by a tunnel worker. Bell's palsy suffered by the driver of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts, cold and wind, necessitated by his employment. Dupuytren's contrac tion sustaiaod by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clamps. 7C4 Slight Deviation from Duty. Annotations, p, 29, Workmen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprive him-or his depend ents of their right tc compensation vxdcr the V/ortaon'3 Compensation Law. There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act and doing an un authorised act or one beyond the employe's job. The first docs not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whereas the latter docs. If the injur*/ or risk of injury is incidental tc employment, the right to compensation follows. (Stratton v. Interstate Fruit Co., 47 S. D. 452, 199 N.Y.'. 117). Hcncabor the Mooting, Nov, 12-13-- digest cf Industrial Hygiene - 5 7C5 Disease: "Injury by Accident. Annotations. p. 26, iVortoea* s Compensation -aw South Dakota, 13*1 Encephalitis, causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual aexerties, exposure and exhaustion, was hold to constitute "injury by acciiddeenntt.." (Karziik v. Interstate ?ov;er Co. 67 a."' ~289 N.Vi. 589~' NOTE: It hns been called to our attention by one of our member companies that in item *427, June, 1941 issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enacmacrt in the State of `.Yashington of Chapter 235, 1941, the -wording is so framed as to be apt to gi7e the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the lav/ (Sec. 7679-1 of Remington* Revised Statutes) and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law, whereas such act of 1941 expressly amended said Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Re vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph cf item *427 in the Digest, with the consoquonce, according to all rules cf construction, aha the said schedule is no longer lav:. Compensation is now payable in V.'ashingto: for any "such disease or infection as arises naturally and proxirately cue cf extra-hazardous employment" this team being elsewhere defined in the statute. Papers on Dust, Oases and General Industrial Hygiene 706 Prevention of Silicosis. Jocttcn. Alumiai* 22., 575-578, 579, (November, 1S40). Discussion of the uso of metallic aliminun in the prevention of silicosis. Ex cerpts are given from the report in the Reichsarboitblatt (vol. 20, No. 26,1340). An extensive bibliography is given. 707 Hincrolcgical Examination of the Silicosis Question. K. J. Kelmers and H/Jdluft. J ahrtuch d. Preuss. Gccl. Landcsanstalt, Berlin, 59^, 727-754, (1939). (German). Scricite, kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found in the lung cf a silicotic miner. There was no quart2. However, the 'wash liquor con tained an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid. The authors think that the pH is most important in dissolving the silica in the tissues and so, corres pondingly, it plays an important part in determining tha course of the disease. The dissolved substances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body, either eliminated without harm or produc ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid. 708 Structural Examination by Roentgen Pays of Pnemoconictic Lungs of Porcelain V/orkers. Part 4. H. Gartner. Arch. f. Gowcrbcpath., 1C, 151-163 (13-*C). (Germm;. Roentgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in the lungs cf 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite workor. Kaolin and quartz lines were seen, ami in every case in which dust was found, quartz was also shown by chemical analysis. The author states "....in the dia^-an, interference rings of kaolin were* to be found preponderantly or even alone," and further that "therefore it is obvious to say that the siliiaanito and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz." 709 The Question cf Serial Examinations cf YorkersExposed ;c Dust, by Hears f Hi Ti laturo Rcentrer.cmrua3. E. caupe. .*rcn. (German). Gcwcrtcputh., 19, 93-36 (l?40j lt is possiblo tc examino many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used is 24 sq.cmu (0.95 sq.in.). Second stage siliccsi3 is easily seen with certainty "nd first stage can usually be recognized if tho technic is perfect. The method must bo improved and should bo foil-wed by large films in suspicious cases* digest of Industrial Hygiene - 6. 710 Silicius, Silicates, Silicosis* W. Giese. Klin. Wchaschr. 10, 556-5SO (1940). rGeman;. Rabbi os were injected intravenously with finely ground silicate dusts: clay, feldspar, soricite. Deposits cf the dust were found in the spleen, li7cr and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal (amorphous silicic acid] was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with many giant ceils, but no fibrous tissue. Opal is mere soluble than quartz; therefore, the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibrous-producing substance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. Dust taken from markedly silicotic lungs was also injected, and this again produced silico sis. A decrcaso in the amount cf the injected dust could not be found. The author v.*as able to show the formation of a covering, characteristic cf asbcscesis bodies, by feldspar, scricite and also cpal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludes that dissolved silicic acid but not the quartz may produce this covering. Quartz shews no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution; in the tissue the dust deposited in callosities re tains its fibrous producing effect. 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Experimental Animals. M. Nordmann and A. Serge. Zoitschr. f.'lCrebsforsch.51, 163-132 (1941). (German) . Experimental work with mice inhaling asbestos dust over a period of from 47 to 90 days for 3-1/2 to 5 hours a day produced asbestosis bodies end pmounccd de grees of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week. Proliferation of the bronchial epithelium was found, such hyperplasia encroaching on neighboring alveoli. This was followed by a metaplasia to pavement cpithcliis with comification, which later seemed to be a transition to malignant neoplasm. The first weli-devcicpcd carcinoma was found after 240 days. 5y this time only 10 cf the mice had sur vived and 2 carcinomas were found among them. In the first series, 33 of 50 nice lived longer than 5 weeks; 14 shewed abnormal growth of the epithelium, 5 metaplasia and cancer. In the second scries, 23 (of 50) lived more than 5 -weeks; 16 showed abnon&al growth, 5 metaplasia and comifying cancer. 712 A Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis Accompanied by Tuberculosis. H. Eannosson. Tubercle. 22 , 40-44 (February, 1941). During the period 1933-1939 inclusivo, there were 90 known deaths from asbestosis in Great Britain, cf which 32 were associated with tuberculosis. This reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower, supplying the mater ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with a respirator, he had never worn it. He was thin, had a high temperature, emphysema, and bilateral crepita tions over wide areas. Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the sputum con tained both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli. Tho roentgenogram shewed "widespread progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones cf the right lung fields and in the upper and mid-zonos of the left lung fields.... The right dome of tho diaphragm was elevated. There was no radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis." A diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneumothorax. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensivo fibro-caseous tuberculosis -with cavi tation; microscopically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there waa roTeolad eaaeoua tuhoreuloeia with many tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. There is a dis cussion of tho diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 713 The Lungs of Cool Miners In New South V'ales, Chemical Analysis end Pathology. C. Dadh-ic tad H.3. Taylor. Studies in Inc. Hyg., No. 20. Heport for year ended December 31st, 1939. Health Dept., New Scute V.aios. A report of findings in a study of tie lungs of 30 minors and other workers in the mines of New South V/alos. A brief case report is giver, for each individual, including occupational history, gross and microscopic pathology in the lung, cardiovascular and other complications, end chemical analysis of the lung. The findings arc tabulated but analysis of the data i3 postponed for a later mono graph. The authors state their views as to the formation of coal dust noculos, which they regard as "taking origin at the same site as tne early silicotic nodule, but owing to their acre diffuse nature, they early surround and Include the terminations of rospirutcry bronchioles." They raise the question as to how for tnis reaction is duo to the inert dust ana hew far to the small amount cf free silica which accompanies it. They also believe "that vciy little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs, and that very little of the relatively insoluble dust is eliminated by solution or by the lymphatics." 714 "Minors Lur.<T" (Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, .-.nthmccsis). An Analysis cf 227 Cases. C.Cwili. icilitary onrgcon, 38^ 264-282 (1341J, Cases cf pneumoconiosis have been collected from the records and x-rays of a large Veterans' hospital for tuberculosis. Of the total 227 cases, 142 arc con sidered as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pnetncccnicsis, 54 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis vdth tuberculosis and a final group of 31 cases on which autopsy vms performed. These seven categories arc divided according to age group and to years spent in mining. In all cases cf simple pneuaocouiosis, sputum samples were consistently negative. X-rays cf one patient with 3rd stage pneumoconiosis were taken over a period of 9 years with no progression visiblo on the plate, although the symptoms increased in severity. A large n'ober of the men had had comparatively short exposures, although cne was as long as 48 years. Cf the 31 autopsies, 21 shewed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in most or all of these was a disease other than pneuacconiosis, Three cases diagnosed as pneumo coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy. There is a discussion of diagnosis. 715 Study of Dust Conditions in the Tri-otata Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri.* C.C. Dills. An. J.' Pub. Health, 31, pp. 613-629 (June',' 1941). A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the richer District has been in progress for 8 months, 1366 surface dust samples were taken at 11 sta tions. The worst average dust concentration in the area wa3 found to be 3.3 million particles, and the average for all counts was 1 million per cu. ft. Con trol stations outside the field gave an average count of 0.35 million particles. Medical studies arc still boing conducted sc that safe limits can be set. Dust conditions in nines that had a routine sampling service were found to be better than in mines without this service. The average dust count for drillers in the latter was 6.6 million particles, compared with 1.6 million for tho former mines. The average dust counts for 3hcvelcrs wore 4.3 and Z. 7 for mines without and with sampling services. Collaring holes dry was found to be the worst source of dust. Dust control ncasurcs include wetting muck piles, work ing faces and haulage ways, 3praying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders, shocting off shift, cellaring holes wet, and ventilation. Dust sampling in con fined places has indicated that v.iicre these dust control devices arc applied pro perly, dust concentrations con bo maintained bclov; 5 million particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Cklahcnn. lower counts voro scon in sines -with routine dust sampling than in mines without. Double shift operations increase the dust problem by keeping the dust from settling. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 716 Control of Tuberculosis and the Stployment of a Tuberculous Individual in Ir.dus- try. A. cav.yer. Ina. lied., iO^, 221-225 (June, 1341;. 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward tie discovery of incipient disease. 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Eastman Kodak Company v/hcrc the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per I.CCO in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgcnc(p'ans was mado an estab lished procedure in 1923. 4. An accurate and active follow-up technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis. 5. In a study of the cost of tuberculosis among ICO of those employes, average age 31 years, the average time lost from work per case v;zs 595 working days cr 2 years and 15 weeks. The total cost for these 100 cases was v4C6,152 cr an average per case of 34,062. Private agencies bore approximately 3C5$ of the cost, while public agencies (tax-supported) bore approximately 2C. 6. Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if tho gains of treatment are to be maintained. 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by 2. A. Hbchhauser revealed tho fact that 203 employers re-cmployed workers v.lth arrested tuberculosis. 8. The following factors must be taken into account in any consideration of the employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis: (a) The extent of tho lesion; (b) The completeness of the cure; (c) The character of the job; (d) The necessity for adequate medical supervision after return to work, 9. It would seem safe to say that the employing of an arrested case of minimal tuberculosis on the proper job is not toe great a risk, provided such individuals arc under adequate medical supervision. 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful if we make it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner. 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in 7/orking Places. Obligation of the Manager to ?revent the Danger of Infection of V.fcrkors. Ztscnr. f. artz. Eortbild., 3j7, 707703 (1940). (German). The courts recoils the claim for compensation in cases where one v/orker con tracts tuberculosis from another worker in the factory. The supreme court stressed that tho plaintiff need not prove the facts, very strictly if there is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the wortaaas' health. It is sufficient to prove that there wero irregular and dangerous con ditions. 712 Rcrcrt of q Study of the Granite. Mica, Feldsnar and Foundry Industries in New Har.cshiro, i\J, Vintinner and others. I-i.H. State 3oard of Health, Concord, pp. 72 (February, 1941), More of a troatiso on general subject of dust control than a statement of the findings in a detailed study. Illustrates tho difficulty of presenting a repre sentative picture of working conditions in an industry, when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant. 719 Expert Opinion About Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis). 2. Go.ubc.tz. Beitr. z. Slim, d. Tubcrc., 95, 236-311 (1940). (German). Only "sorious" silicosis is compensated in Germany. New connective tissue forma tion in tho lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that thcro is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency. The author ba3 oxamined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 silicotics in the past five years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions aro referred to in detail. digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. ?2C c> i < **'1.3 end 3 ii' --Tuberculc^^ s II. Critical Ixex.insticn of Eccntaoncerans. Differential liu.-ncsts Bcev.-i.cn 5 ilioosio and Conor : uir.cn ory -iscases. E,Oaubata. Dxsch. Tuberk.-i., o2-4C \ Is--1; < v ucmanj A presentation of good dcscripti on and reproductions of x-ray films of silicosis at different stages. Discussion.3 of differential diuresis are given, illustrat ing the differences in films of silicosis, tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoma. 721 Subcutaneous Infections of uxvren in Thcracy of Lesions of Respiratory Cr.?cns Caused by Irritating Gases. I.T. ccsnovik. dovetex. idea. Ho. 19 p. 22. (1940). (Russian). A report cf 51 case3 of toxic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and brenebo pneumonia caused by irritant gases and treated with subcutaneous injections cf oxygon. Among the irritants were nitric acid, phosgene, chlorine and chlorpicrin. Sub cutaneous oxygen was introduced in amounts varying from the initial dose of 20C cc, to 1CC0 cc. every other day; in eases of pneumonia and broncho pneumonia 1000 cc. was injected daily. There was an immediate improvement subjectively, followed by diminution of cough, the sensation of tightness in the cheat, dysp nea and the amount of sputisa. It is also of value as a supplementary measure in the treatment of acuto and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases. 722 Disabling Sjcknes3 Among 2,000 Vfhite Male Glass Torpors. 7T.M. Gnfafer. Public Health Reports, , 1791-1799 (~cptember 5, 1541.) This report deals with sickness and non-industrial injuries causing disability lasting 3 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white male workers in the glass industry during the 5 years, 1920-34. The frequency of liability by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably with that experienced by ITC.COC male industrial v.-orhers. The aunber of days of disability because of rheumatic diseases v.'as over 50% greatar than the nmber accounted for by influenza and grippe. Grinders, outside workers, and finishers experienced frequency, dis ability, and severity rates wall above the average for the entire groups of T.nrkers. It is cf interest to observe that the outside writers show all three indexes to bo relatively high for cither the respiratory or the non-respiratcry diseases. Finishers, on the other hand, show indexes below the average for the entire group of workers with respect to respiratory diseases but above the aver age for the non-respiratory diseases. Grinders yield indexes above the average with respect to non-respiratory diseases, and v/hilo this occupational group ex perienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for tho entire group of workers. Batch mixers, furnace and casting workers, show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis eases but a long average duration of eases. 723 Catching the Dust from a Hammer Mill. C.C. Ralston and J.2. Conley. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 3533 (1941). A dust catcher designed for use with a hammer mill is described and illustrated. This typo of mill probably exceeds all other types of crushers in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises from the fact that the action of a hammer mill is closely analogous to that of a fan cr blower. This emission of dust around a homer mill is checked by means of a bag enclosed with in o ciosod supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to permit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material. A pipe directs the air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bog. This bag, in turn, rests in a vri.ro set. The wire net i3 enough smaller than tho can so that a 2-in. annular ring remains around the net. This detail prevents the suction of tho blower from sealing tho beg against tho wall of the can. About 99 per cent of tho dust is caught by this bag, and another bag - on the biewor - finishos tho job* 724 Public Opinion demands Removal of Tust frca C<gieat Pleats. Anonymous. Ccr.cr cte fCrmont Hill Za.} ~49. 214-215 lAugust, 1941] . X discussion of the various modem types of du3t control equipment availabe for cement mill installation* According to the author, a ''well-known cement plant superintendent, " ...."The public demands the discontinuance of austy cor.oitions ?.ithin a extent plant, and in the atmosphere around a cement plant if it happens to be located in or near a city cr town, or in a rich faming community." He has seen thi3 public attitude developing and grovdng all through his 25 years of experience in cement manufacturing operations. 725 I--crarco is no Txcuee. L.F.. Blocaentha1. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 13, 564-366 (-September, 1341), With prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of now workers, due to the demands of tho defense program and the general rise in business activity, industrial health hazards are lively to increase, particularly in those plants v;hcrc gases, dusts and fumes result from manufacturing processes, -he author, an attorney, cites a number of specific cases which have cons up in various states in this brief review of the subject. His selection of the material brings out a mzaber of the legal principles involved. 726 P.esolutions of the German Cccaission on Protective Devices Against Tust. Arbeitsschutz. p.~ 407 (1941). (demon;. Protective devices were tested by the ccrrlttee for the dust protection of the insurance associations. The results on 13 devices, together with descriptions and illustrations, are given. 72? P.ccntaen Findings of the Lungs in Mycosis Hungoides. J, Werth. Arch. f. Term, u. Syph., 161, 299-314 (1940). (Gorman) . The appearance of the x-rays in these cases seem like silicotic lungs with "more fibrosis than usual" and "coarsely mettled." Tho disease begins in the lungs -with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus, spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis. 723 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning. I. Animal Experiments on Acute and Subacute Poison ing. V.', Holler. Arch, exptl. Path. Phamakol., 195, 154-123 (1240). (German). In atmospheres containing 1:400,000 or more of hydrogen phosphide rabbits were injured or Hilled by prolonged exposure. The intoxication is cumulative and the pro^iosis is unfavorable. All important organs arc congested. The worst damage is suffered by the respiratory tract, liver and kidneys. ?29 Occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide. 0. Rodenacker. Hed. jQin., 27, 213-217 (1941). (German). A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc. There aro reports of interesting cases, the historical background of this industrial disease, and a discussion of theory. 730 Order of the (German) Minister cf Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint ers, Hr.rch 6, 1940. Reichsgcsunaheitabl., 15, 333-334 (1940). The terms of reference of the insurance association for fine mechanical and o cr cloctric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray paiating aro pu lished. Spraying largo pieces and standing inside the* spray booth, the paint Cqq be protected only by supplicd-air apparatus. This must fulfil the following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from the main factory source must bo cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters; tho compressed air must bo delivered in a single line to the worker* s bench and hero it must be separated into spraying and breathing tubes. A half-mask cr cap may bo used but the stream of air must not go directly to the Yorkers* face. Autoantic regulation and hoatin* of th<% Mr not lw*ys n*c*ss*ry Zieesz of Iadustrial Hygiene - 11. 731 Toxicology or Zxtloslon Gases. 2am. Z, ges. Schiess-u. Sprengstoffw., 35 131-162 (I34C). (Geraaa;. Explosion gases can be divided into 3 groups with respect to their toxicological action: (1) very poisonous: CO, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, HgS; \Z) fairly poisonous: nitriles, COg; (3) nea-poisonous: Hydrocarbons, N, HgO. The amounts of CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 61.05, TLT 57.01, nitrocellulose powder 46.37, carbonate 36.0, explosive gelatin 34.0 and arsnonal 23.74>. Toxicological action is described for CO, nitrous gases and HCIi. The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic. 732 Politico 3otv:oen Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Air and Carbon Monoxide .sslcbia content. J*. Hay. Arch. f. Gowcrbepath., 10, 9 7-102 \ 1940/.!. German) . Three charts arc shown: one depicting the formation of CO-heacglcbin in nan. over various periods of time if the inhaled CO concentration is betrwon O.OifS and lfs, and if the person is sitting, walking, or working; the second one illus trates the CO-hcmoglobin curves in man (sitting, -walking, working) for CO concen trations from 0.01-0.0*#; the third chart shows tha decrease cf CO-hemoglobin when the person inhaled pure air (these are based upon the author's seif exper iments). If the time during which an individual was working in CO air, the time elapsed between his removal and the taking of tho blood sample, and the CO-hesoglobin of the sample ore all known, the approximate concentration to which he was exposed can be estimated. 733 Photocclorimetric Determination of Fluorine in the Air with 2irccniun-All;arin. M.M. Haines and 3.V. Kazachkova. J. Applied Chen., (U.S.3.R.), 1.3, 153-156 {Russian with French sixmary.) Troat samples of air containing fluorine with 0.5 cc. each of Zr-alizarin indi cator, 3 N K2SO4 and 3 if HC1 in a voluaetiic flask. Add water to the mark, heat to boiling under a reflux condenser and cool rapidly. After 10 min., determine fluorine with the photocoloriaeter. To prepare the indicator, mix equal ?olmcs of Zr (103)4 (0.78 gm per 100 cc of vrater) and Na clizarinsulfcnate (0.17 ga per 100 cc of water). If interfering substances are present, fluorine should be dis tilled as HoSiFg from the solution after addition of tho above reagents and the distillate should be treated again as above. For the determination cf fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorine solution of known concentration. 3y this method 0.001-0.002 mg of fluorine can be determinod. ^34 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Field 7/ork. F.H. Van Atta and C.S. McClure. Tech. Paper Ho. 2, Illinois Dept, of Labor, April, 1341. A unit for sampling air for largo impingers is described. It consists of a case containing ptnp, flowaeter, and impingcr rack. 735 Preservation of Health la tho Rubber Industry. F. '.Yaraecke. Zbl. f. Gcwerbehyg. , 28, 1-19 {1941). (German). An interesting description of the health hazards in tho rubber industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially arc discussod and seme interesting facts about the dangers of "Sena" (artificial rubber) production arc brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styrol, irritate the skin. Individual processes and methods cf decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there are a large number of illustrations. --Annual Meeting - Mov. 12 and 13- "i,gest cf Industrial Hygiene - 12. 736 Mine Safety r-jid Accident Prevention. 3. Boone. Mines Mag., 31, 61-5 (February, 1941). This paper is one' of a series covering the subject of nine safety. In previous installments (November and December, 1940 and January, 1941), most of the con sideration is given to accidents, v.lth statistics, cost figures, safety rules, explosive ana electrical hazards and gas and dust explosions. This paper coals with gas and dust hazards. The various gases found in nines, knev.n to miners as ciackdomp, firedamp, whitedamp, afterdamp, end stinkdamp, are described, and their effects and preventive measures are discussed. 3Inckdanp is the gas most usually present, and consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in various quantities, and its effects are those of oxygen deficiency. V.'hitedsnp is carbon monoxide, end afterdamp consists of carbon nonoxide added to the constituents cf blackdrmp. Firedamp is any inflammable gas, mostly aethano, end stinkdamp is hydrogen sulfide. The known facts of the dust hazard arc presented rather brief ly but adequately including the principal results cf animal experimentation. The grov.th of the silicosis "racket" has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts ana to take as few preventive measures an possible. Health problems in the mining industry should he handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation bettfoen the management, the engineer and the physician is necessary in order to solve them. Pre-enpioymcnt examinations, individual susceptibility, safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed. In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given, and in the concluding in stallment (May, 1941) safety organizations, rules and systems of reports are considered. 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning Vfezs V/orkroons. Y.\ Liese. Olastechnische Bcr., 19^, 119-125 (April, 1941). (German). This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out in a glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the skin of the face at different temperatures, and the effectiveness of air douches for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation. (See Abstract No.209, March, 1940). 738 ?c Formation in `Jerkin* Chambers of Pneumatic Caissons. 0. K. Froehlich. Injculur 5, 393-95 (June 14, 1940). (Gentian). This is an account of an investigation of the cause of fog formation in the word ing chambers of pneumatic caissons. Preventive measures are discussed at con siderable length. 739 Local Cooling of Workers ir. Hot Industry. F.C. Houghten and others. Heating, Piping Si Air Cond., 13, 46-4c5 (July, 1941). This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications, the results being limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately 50 relative humidity and either a 2500 fpm blast of cool air from a 4-in. nozzle located close to the worker, or a cool air supply of approximately 20 cfm through a loose-fitting coverall suit. The study shows conclusively that workers may be kept free from body temperature rise, excessive increase in pulse rate, and frem perspiration with either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool air. 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease. Stienne-Mnrtin. Mod. du travail 12, 97-133 (1940). (French). In recent years this disease has appeared in only four mines 'with 31 cases, tv.-o of which were fatal. The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected rats. For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats, acidification of mine mud, prohibition of eating in nines, supplying pure drinking wator, hygiene of the mines, and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis. digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity. C.Lf. Petersen. Virginia Med. Monthly 03, 67-70 (1941). Industrial medicine should occupy a greater part of medical education. Physi cians should take a greater interest in workers' health -- it would he of advan tage to ties, to the v/orker and to the community. The widespread adoption of workmen's compensation legislation sieves it imperative for physicians to recog nize and report industrial diseases. Medical societies, both state and local, are organizing coaaittecs for the improvement and dissemination of such work in their coEounities. To achieve tho best results, all groups public and private, should collaborate. 742 Importance of Constitution and Pace in the Origin of Occupations! Diseases. N.7. Tagic and a. Seyfried. Mod. Klin., 51^, 1411-1413 (1940). {Ocmanj . This is a discussion of tho differences between occupational diseases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness, diseases caused by heredity and constitution, and diseases depending on constitution and special disposition, but finally becoming manifest by enviromontai influences. Tho authors stress the importance cf constitution and race, citing examples, such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poisons and to joint injury by pneumatic tools, and that pyknic persons have a higher suscepti bility to dust diseases. Consideration of race and constitutional type are cf value not only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases, but also in prevention. 743 Organic Angina Pectoris Slectrica, S. Kocppea, Munch. Bed. Wchnschr., 87, 12S9-1292 Uiovenber 22, 1940). (3cman). The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted only if the accident is isaediately followed by cardiac disturbances, but that anatomically denonstrable changes cannot be expected because tho current acts for only an extremely short time. He states that 15 of his 93 cases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris electrica. This disorder is due to an impairment of the stimulus conduction system; that is, of the formation of the stimulus as well as of its course, Elcctrocsrdiographically, the disorder pre sents itself (1) as a coronary insufficiency, (2) as an auricular fibrillation, and (3) as disturbances in the conduction of the stimulus. He regards electri cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con duction system. 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection. R.2. King. Brit. Mod. J., 1^, 154-155 (Febru ary 1, 1941). In an effort to reduce the incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters, a throat spray of 15-205? sodium hypochlorite wo3 employed. A remarkable reduction in acute and subacute streptococcic throat infoctions was noted. There was practically no difference in the incidence, severity and duration of common colds in treated and untreated groups. Tho favorable results have an obvious industrial si^ificuncc. 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease in Industry. 3.T. Horton. Virginia Med. Monthly, 63, 131-137 (March, 1941). 'workers with peripheral vascular disease, especially thrembo-angitis obliterans, must be given work which will not aggravate the disease and lead to serious complications and amputation. Dividing peripheral arterial diseases cf tho ex tremities into functional and organic groups, Raynaud's disease and arterio sclerosis obliterans aro the coirccncst. Thcro is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment. Wisest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 745 Spirochetal Jaundice ('.Veils' Giseose). N. Slocm and H. '.Vaiker. Virginia Med. Monthly, 192-2CO (April, 194U . Seven instances of 'Veils' disease are presented, 7,1th autopsy findings in the five fatal cases. The authors believe there was an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer who nay have cone in contact ?.lth rats during his work. Interstitial nephritis was the nest cession and by far the most inper- tant pathological change -- the authors consider it tho cause of death. Many cases are probably mistaken for catarrhal jaundice. The syndrome of acute fever, with generalized aching and tenderness of the body, and jaundice should suggest V.'eils' disease -- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus cular pains and kidney involvement. 747 Military Explosives. G.2. Rogers. Hat. Safety Nows, 44, 22-23, 77-3C (July, 1941). A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in ex plosives manufacturing and asraunition loading plants. The manufacture and use of Tetryl, a booster used to insure high order detonations of bomb and shell fillers, has a real health hazard associated with it. The toxic effects of the vapors from the sulphanators, nitrntor, and recryctallizcrs, and the effects of the crystalline tetryl itself arc all dangerous. Its effects arc similar to those of TNT. TNI, amatol, ether, benzol, asconia, carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances arc used in the explosives industry. 748 Reduce Noise in Steel Foundry Cleaning Room. A.H. Allen, Foundry 69_, 60-61, 143 (September, 1941). It has been estimated by tho National Noise Abatement Council that daily losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately y2,0C0,0C0. The loss is measured in toms of lessened effective effort by workman subjected to continuous loud noise. This article recounts 2 program to rearrange a foundry and erect an entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the latest ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption. Many noise-producing oper ations were housed in acoustically treated booths, and the interior of the building, including walls and roof, was treated completely with acoustic mater ial. depressions have already been received from the vrkmen indicating their approval of tho noise reduction methods which have been instituted. Management is convinced that the expenditure vlll certainly be translated into more effi cient and faster operations in the plant. 749 Dust Control System Psalm* Installation and Operation from the Cogmionscnse Standpoint. F.F. Xravath. Heat, k Vent., 38^ 28-31 (June, 1941). Points to be gained from installation of an effective exhaust system, well de signed and maintained, arc emphasized. The advice of an expert or consultant should be employed vrherever possible. There is a discussion of the importance cf maintaining standards and of giving physical examinations. 751 Xlrvhtlnr and Efficiency. E. Kammeror. Zbi. f. Gcworbehyg. ,~^8. 33-40 (1941), (German). Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity, but beyond a certain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must correspond to the fineness of the work, but tho direction from which the light enters tho field cf work is also important. Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to be avoidod. Mercury and sodium 1 i gilts nay be of use., since color is some times of importance. Ibcacplos arc givon of tho economy of better illumination. ---Remember tha Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- :i-:est of Industrial Ky.Qne - 15. 711 Industrial Health Defense: Ha Industrial Ventilation. V.'.C.L 'last Engineers Car. Make Field Measurements of (asecn. Heating, Piping <1 Air Coed., 13, 2-33 (1941 J . Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip- nent is described. Cherleal smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement arc discussed and illustrated as are the u-tube manometer and the pitot tube for measuring velocities. Also shown is a carrying case for these ins ruments. 752 The Prevention and Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magiesi-m Industry. 1'. Hyphen. Practitioner. 146, 92-99 (February, 1541). Seme of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium are discussed. Brief references are made to aagncsiiza dust and pneumoconiosis, bichromate baths used in treating magnesiva castings, sulfur dioxide, magnesium fluoride and exposure to x-rays in inspection of castings. The treatment of ailments rvsulting from the several exposures is gi7en in detai 753 Injuries and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound. A. Groifenstein. Munch, mod. iv cans car. 1345-1350 (1940). (German). The subject of iajuffios to the ear by acute and chronic occupational influences is reviewed. V.far injuries are discussed in detail: damage from firing one shot by the effect repeated firing in a short time, noise in flying and noise from motors and prcpcllors. 754 Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases bv the General Medical Practitioner. D. C. Straus. 111. Med. J., 79, 247-251 (March, 1941). This is the first of a series of articles by the director of Industrial Hygiene, Illinois Department of labor, intended to acquaint the general practiticner -with the problem of occupational diseases. Specific hazards will be dealt with later Attention i3 directed to the need for getting a complete occupational history. 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Syosisht of Workers. M. Davidson. Concrete (Cement Mill Id.) 49_, 1S4-I35 (June, 1941). There are two aspects to the obligation of industry to safeguard its workers' eyes. One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards causing accidents, and the dusts, fines, intoxications and poor illumination, responsible for occupational diseases. Much has been accomplished in this con nection. Tho other aspect, that of making the worker safe for himself, his co-v/orker and industry, has not yet received the recognition it deserves. It involves proper vocational guidance and advice for the applicant with irremedi able defective eyesight and for the worker who has acquired it in the course of hi3 employment. A survey of the incidence of true defective eyesight among the industrial population in terms of its most important element, visual acuity, indicates about 14% to 10%, with most probably less than one half serious, dofoctives. ?56 New Theories Concerning the Grinin of Mvonia. K. Lindner. Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augcaheil. ?. 532 (1939). (Germans. The Quthor presents his concept that myopia may be acquired by working at closo range, in opposition to the concept of Stc-igcr, prevailing today, that it is always inherited. The occupational implications of this proposition are obvious. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13--- Cigest of Industrial Hygiene - 16. 7*7 Aero-Otitis Media in Ccmnressed Air 'tfcrkers Treatment with He Hum-Oxygen fixtures. Eecuarth. O.A.k.A. 115, 1766-17C9 (April 19, 1941; . This condition was originally described m aviators but is found quite often in compressed air workers as well. Obstruction of tie Eustachian tube is tie pri mary cause and is most often due to upper respiratory infections. Pathological ly, there is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and serous cr sanguineous exudate in the middle car. Clinically there is tinnitus, earache and impairment of hearing. Perforation of the dram -.1th subsequent suppuration 13 the most frequent complication, with occasional permanent impairment of hear ing. Prc-eaployaent estimates are useful in eliminating those v;ho arc predis posed to upper respiratory infections, in correcting defects they may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection. Treatment with helium is outlined. 75S health Conditions in the Glass Industry. Pluhar. Arbeitsschutz, 11-15 (1941). Several months ago a paper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers. The author, an employe of the insurance association of the glass industry, new pub lishes data from the association's material. He charts curves on the frequency of lead poisoning, CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated cases. As only such cases arc compensated which cause death or a disability for more than 13 v/ocks, it is to be understood that the figures are small, especial ly concerning compensated Pb and CO poisoning cases. From 1926-1939, 408 cases of cataract had been compensated, but the compensation lav; has been retroactive for several years. 9255 of these cases arose in hollow `.rare and bottle manufacture, a fact that is easily understood since it is also true that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular type of operation, so that exposure of the eyes to radiation is different in different districts. It is unfortunate that the author does not present figures on sili cosis which is the most important occupational disease; he remarks only that 60 of the cases developed in making pots and tubs, as a result of inhaling clay dust which contains up to 50 free silica. There are other less common diseases upon which the author touches briefly. 759 Acrosis of the Cornea among Glass Blowers. K.M. Kipariscv. Vestaik Oftal., 17, 1-2,ICO (194CJ. (Russian;. The routine examination of 600 glass workers showed that 14.6# of these had ocular disturbances. Of those, 1.3# had cataract, but the relation between their work and the lenticular opacities were not definite, because these workers were ail over 40 years of age. Conjunctival hyperemia, found in 11.^5 of the workers, cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work. One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. The deleterious effect of light and heat in thi3 industry is indicated by 8 cases of corneal xerosis. Two cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to the effect of ultra violet rays. The author urges that workers have their eyes examined before entering the industry, and that the administrative department be charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic measures. Papers on Industrial Poisons, Center, Dermatitis, etc. ?ecal Infection and Occupational Eczema. F. Koch. Arch.f.Deroat. u. Syph., 47-50 11940). (Goman). Fecal infection is frequent both in parsons 'with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The success of the therapy was the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec tions; the roaoval of the foci was without effect on the eczema. Direct of Industrial Hygiene - 17. 761 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin, G, Hcpf. Deitschr. f. artz. Portbiia., 33, 33-oc [ 1341). ( German). The importance of tho occupational factor any be doubted and individual aspect3 considered if a skin disease continues more than six months aftorceasing work. Negative skin tests arc not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the disease and the occupation. Positive tests are important but not necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom, and worker are important. 762 Pcthcgenesis of Hypersensitivity to Flour and Persulfate in Elour fforkers. K.A.2. van Dishoeck and D.J. Roux. Arch f. Dermatol, u. Syph., 1S1, 34-40 (1940). (German). A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their Im portance in the origin of bakers' and millers' diseasos. Nearly every baser and miller with rhinitis vasomotoria, ast)mia and eczema show a positive reaction to flour. Epithelial persulfate allergy is positive only in bakers suffering with florid eczema in a portion of the cases. But German authors found positive per sulfate reactions in 75-60$ of the eczematous bakers. The authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation; the skin irritation from wet flour, water, etc. promotes the development of persulfate allergy. 763 Value of Shin Tests in Recognizing and Preventing Occupational Dermatosis. ?. Koch. V.'ie-n. mod. Yichaschr. 91^, 6-9 (1941). (German). Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to be caused by substances not U3cd in the patient's work. Early recognition of the cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalent. It is imperative to make the 3kin test with the actual substance used in the plant, not vath a substance of the same name. Variability in the results of tests and the dermatoses caused by friction (eczema of masons) must be kept in mind. 764 A New Industrial Skin Cloar.3er. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Kepts., 5_6, 1783-1790 (September 5, 1941). Harsh skin cleansers have frequently been found to be the cause of dermatitis rather than the materials being handled or manufactured. This is especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin. A milder and yet effective skin cleanser is composed of a sulfcnnted oil (cither animal or vegetable), a wetting agent and optionally a small anotnt of trisodim phosphate or sodim hexaseta phosphate. This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczema and defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser. It has also been used in cases of atopic eczema in children. 7 65 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Sc soma Ancng Most of the Workers in a New Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochstead. Ncrdisk, Med., 9, 992-966 (1941). (Scandinavian). Eczema appeared among the vrerkers in an experimental laboratory after using har.-aitrodipkcnylanine. Tho affected men gave positive resui-es with e?icutaneous tests. During illness sensitivity improved and normal persons were easily sen sitized. Urethan ointment decreased tho effect of the chemical. 766 Mule-Soinnor's Cancer. 2.M. Brockbank. Brit. Med. J., pp. 622-623 (April 26, 1941). Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 150 mule-spinn ers v.lth epithelioma of the scrotum. Over 80,0 were on the left side. The spindles throw oil onto tho men's clothing and boing of a mineral carcinogenic typo, readily produces skin cancers. Periodic examinations aro of the utmost importance. Substitution of harmless oils is suggested. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18. 767 Toxic Effects of Iroko. J.M. Davidson. Lancet, (L, c8-39 (1941). (Great Britain). Description of severe dermatitis in most of the 50 men who dandled irckc legs or freshly sawed plants. Nine sen had severe symptoms, some appearing within 1-2 hours, including itching of exposed parts -is well as of the genitals, axilla, back of knee, etc. In sene men edema of the face, ocular irritation and blepharo spasm developed. Chest constriction, cough and other respiratory manifestations wore othor symptoms. Four to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble. Only two of the non had developed sensitivity to other wood. Ircko is the ccrscn and trade name for Chlorophora cxcelsa, also known technically as nvulc, odum and kambala; it comes from ast and t'.ost Africa. 768 Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation in Texas: Review of 1569 Veri fied Lesions Occurring in 119G Persons. C. Phillips. Texas State T. lied., 3c, 13-615 (1941). This is an analysis of a study by the 0.S. Public Health Service as to the inci dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year period. In the order of froc.uency, the lesions v/ere basal cell epithelioma, squamous cell cpithalioma, transitional cell epithelioma, adenocarcinoma of the sweat or sebaceous glands, fibronanthosarcoma and epithelioma in sebaceous cysts. The occupations in the order of size are outdoor work (farming and ranching), he usewives, various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life, professions, laborers and carpenters, railroad and petroleum workers. All but 12.2$ of the lesions wore traced to occupation. A study of 123 melanomas showed no relation to occupation. 769 Asnhalt as an Antigen. R. Hasche-Klunder. Dtsch. med. Wchnschr. _66, 1422-1424 (1940). (German). Report of a case of bronchial asthma in a Danish street worker while using asphalt oil. This substance 13 a product of creosote derived from coal distill ation, and has nothing to do with asphalt. Another case is mentioned showing susceptibility to bitumen. 77C Arsenic and Goitre. G.R. Sharpless and M. Metzger. J. Nutrition. 21^, 341-346 (April 10, 1941). Arsenic can act as a positive goitorogcnic substance in rats. Iodine can reduce this goitcrogenic action as wall as the toxicity of small amounts of arsenic. Ingestion of arsenic nay double the iodine requirement. Arsenic may exert its goitcrogenic effect indirectly by interfering with 3cme of the normal oxidation reduction systems, perhaps by combining with sulphydryl groups or some other way. Cell oxidation is hindered in this way and the thyroid is stimulated in an attempt to compensate for lost oxidative capacity. 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning with Special Reference to Neurologic Disturbances. M. Werner. Dtsch. Zeitschr. f. Ncrveahcllk., 151, 123-137 (1941). (German). (Exposure to hydrocyanic acid ga3 produced unconsciousness with dyspnea. The worker recovered after a day in the hospital, but two days later he relapsed, with hypotonia, ataxia, adiadochocinosis (symptoms of cerebellar affection), moro on the left than on the right side. He had headache and disturbance of the circulation in hands and feet; inner ear deafness developed four days later. After about 14 weeks, theso symptoms disappeared. There is a discussion of these symptoms and the literature on the subject. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13--- widest of Industrial Hygiene - 19. The Effect of Ssdlia Thiosulfate on Txcrctica of Arsenic. 3.T. Cedar, L. Ion and mTh. Hiingar. Vener. Dis. Inform., 22, 123-122 ;April, 1941), The pharmacologic action of scdiua thiosulfate in the treatment of arsenic poi soning is still a controversial issue. A disparity exists in the results of ?r Q m vious studios in this problem, which night he explained on technical difficult! a m cf arsenic analysis and tho selection of subjects. Ten syphilitic patients, each of when had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenamine therapy, were selected for this study. Six of then received sedius thiosulfate, while the re naining four were used as controls. The arsenic content of urine and fccos was analyzed in those subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day following the ccsplcticn of the course of neoarsphenamine therapy. The urinary, fecal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad ministration of sodiua thiosulfate in popularly used therapeutic dosage. The question as to clinical efficacy of this compound in the treatment cf arsenic poisoning might be raised, as the strongest case for its clinical use has been based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive arsenic stored in the body depots. 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline 31addcr Tumors. S. Morigaai and I. Nisiaura. Gann, 34, 146-147 (1940). In view of the occurrence of bladder cancer among aniline workers, the authors attempted to produce the disease experimentally by o-toluidin and benzidine. Rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats were used. A If* solution of c-toiuidin in dive oil was injected subcutaneously 6 times a week in 0.1 cc doses. ' In other ex periments o-toluidin and benzidine were dissolved in chloroform, in the ratio of 5>j, and the solutions were applied to the skin of the back every other cay. Bladder papilloma was produced in -animals receiving injections of c-toiuidin that survived over 100 days. Rabbits were especially resistant to the toxic action of the chemical and showed a high incidence of papilloma. Benzidine proved mere toxic, but when animals vdthstood the treatment long enough this sub stance also produced atypical proliferation of bladder epithelial. Unfortunate ly, for the proper evaluation of the experimental results nuabers of animals used ar.d cf those developing papilloma aro not given. Kueper produced neoplastic lesions of the bladdor in 9 of 16 dcg3 treated with bcta-naphthylamine. The Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on the Metabolism of Lead. J.3. Shields and H.K. id to hell. J. Nutrition. 21^, 341-552 (June 10, 1941). 1. A low content of caiciun or of phosphorus or of both in the diet induced a high retention of lead in comparison v.ith diets containing higher mineral levels. In fact, the only method of securing lead storage in adult rats on the moderate concentration of dietary lead used (32 p.p.m.) is to lower the calcium content of the diet to inadequate or borderline levels. 2. Excessive dietary level3 of calcine and phosphorus are not appreciably more protective against the assimilation of lead by the body than are levels approxi mating tho requirements. This statement applies only to thermoderate levels cf dietary lead employed. 3. Under the imposed conditions of variable dietary concentrations of calcins and phosphorus, the retention of calciua runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of lead. 4. Under conditions of practical nutrition, an adequate intake of calcium and of phosphorus presumably protects tho body against appreciable assimilation cf the low levels of dietary lend involved in the usual lead hazard of modem life. This protection is noru effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any given concentration of calcium and phosphorus, possibly because the mineral meta bolism of the bone trabeculae is considerably less intense in tho adult than m tho growing organisas. 2iof Industrial Hygiene - 20. 775 Lead Sncephalopathy in Children and Adults: Cllr.icor.atholcgic Study. rt.. , Akolantis. 2. Her*/, end Mont. Lis., S3, 213-322 (ilarcn, 194ij. Ida post-mortem study suggests that the structural changes in children and adults arc a result of edema v;ith exudation and hyperplastic changes in the lcptcmeainges and endotholial colls of the blood vessels. The symptoms in adults arc similar to those of any brain inflammation, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a load line. 776 Behavior of the Alkali Reserve and the cS of the Trine Before and After In ticr.s -alciu end -cr.cssii .* R3 . -iassiono and e. oarstcxi -uad< --av 22, 52-7C (1341). (Italian). Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of calcine chic and nagr.ssiun sulfate. The authors conclude that sene degree cf acidosis sent in ail cases of lead colic. The alkaline reserve increases after the jaction of calcium and decreases after injection of magnesian sulfate. To change is shown by the urine pH. 777 Lend Storare Battery Manufacture in the State cf Illinois. G.,7. Dautenspcck ana C.H. McClure. Liv. Fact. Inspect. Illinois Lopt. of Labor, Chicago, Tech. Paper No. 1, (March, 1941). A report of conditions found in industry and recoctcndaticns of needed changes in equipment and in processes. Importance of air cleanliness is stressed and data from sampling with the impingcr in various operations is given. 778 Nicotine and Internal Secretion. II. Lancers to V/cmen V/orking in Tobacco Factorics? 1. Gmabrecht and A. Looser. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pham., 195, 143-151 (1940). (Goman). The authors showed in a previous publication (sene issue, pn. 121-142), that the reproduction organs and the thyroid are the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine. Tv:o hundred eighty tobacco workers and 472 textile workers were investigated; no difference was found, although the tobacco workers conplained mere frequently of dysmenorrhea. Overstraining (combined work in fac tory and bene, a lens walk to work, etc.) probably cause symptoms referable to the thyroid which were frequently encountered. 779 Scncriscntal Poisoning by Selenium with Special Regard to its Effects on the Bones. ?.. 3auer. Arch.f .Gowerbepath., lG^, 117-132 (1940;. (Goman). Chronic poisoning of animals with scleoiua i3 reported. Bone changes are des cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections. Metabolic changes aro shown. The amounts of selcniun found in the organs ms very tiny. 780 Phosohine Poisoning (Arri^ql Experiments). I. Acute and Subacute Poisoning. v;7 uulier. Arch, f. cxp,, PathI u. Pham., 195, 184-193 (1340). (Goman) . ~~ The widespread use of insecticides which give rise to phosphino suggested those experiments. It was shown that in concentrations of 1:40,000 death occurred after 4 hours; with 1:50,000, after two exposures of four hours each; with 1:100,000, after seven expostffes of 4 hours each. Concentrations of 1:200,000 could be endured for two months for four hours daily. Cm animal which had been exposed to such a concentration for five days died whoa the concentration was increased to 1:70,000 at the end of the first four hours. Previous exposure had diminished the resistance. T.N.T, (Trinitrotoluene). Ind. Lata Sheet No. D-Chem. 23. National Safety Council. Nat. Safety News* 44, 36, 40 (September, 1941). Poisoning from TNT may taka place in three ways: through respiration, by inges tion, cr by absorption thro ugh the skin. In addition to the systolic effects, dermatitis, through contact with thp skin, con also occur. Precautions fer pre vention ore outlined. 3i5e3t of Industrial Hygiene - 21. 732 Effects of Tellov: Phosphorus a.r.d Arocnic Trioxid^ on Orcwing Scaac end Ircvr.z'JrPeetiH C.Q. Adame" and" 3.0. Somat"! Area. ?ath. , 32, 1192-1202 (19*0). A generalised toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth. Yellow phosphorus pro duced a band of increased density, the formation of which was attributed to a diminished reaaptioa of cartilage matrix and bone. A disturbed calcification of the dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow phosphorus and arsenic tri oxide. These studies are of theoretical interest in revealing the effects of yellow phosphorus and arsenic trioxide on two types of calcified matrix. 783 Valuo of Vitamin C for Benzene '"others. 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried. './'ion. itlin. Wchnschr., 53, 54o-c47 119*40), (German). The authors claim that, in vrorkers exposed to benzene and its hcmologues, they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the months in which there is a vitamin C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows (November to April). Risapel-Ledc congestion experiments showed 5.3ft positive with the highest percentages in the 'winter months. Among the 59 eases with positive Rtsapel-Lcdc tests were five eases with "clear bonzene damage;" in four cases the blood showed "exceptional ly lov: leucocyte counts"; in the fifth caso there was a "moderate ieucopenia and anemia of high degree." The cases v/cro treated with cevitamic acid and 19 be came negative tc the Rinpel-Ledc test. Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene. 7S4 Masha for Protection Against Fo-naldehydc. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.U.A. 115. 2539 (Tune 7, 1941). The activated charcoal used in many rash canisters will absorb formaldehyde "to a large degree." Although heavy concentrations of formaldehyde are rare, it might be bettor to have workers wear supplied-air or oxygen masks. The toxic limits for formaldehyde hare not been fixed although 20 p.p.a. has been suggested. Y/hat is the role of employee health in industrial relations? Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? What's new in the study of alizainua powder? What are the latest legal trends? What is the audit of sick absenteeism showing? For the answer to thoao and scores of other pertinent questions in the field of employoo health, plan to attend the Foundation's annual meeting Nov. 12-13. Air sampling 734 Arsenic and goitre 7r!0 therapy 772 trioxide 782 Asbestosis lung cancer 711 with tuberculosis 712 Senzene and vitamin C 733 Cancer, skin 763 Carbon monoxide 732 Coal miners lungs 713 Constitution 742 Creosote 76S Dermatitis flour 762 hexa-nitro diphenyl- amine 765 Irofco 767 role of infection 760 shin cleanser 764 shin tests 763 treatment 761 Dust control cat cat general banner Kill 724 749 723 21cctric angina noctoris 743 Rxolosivcs, military poisoning 747 Dycsiaht glass blowers 759 myopia 756 protection 755 I2EEC (September, 1941) Pluori r.c determination 733 Gases, oxolosion 731 Heat, excessive 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid 771 Hvdroffen ohosohide 728 Hydrogen sulfide 729 Illumination 750 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Lead battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 Magncsiian health hazards 752 Mining 736 Hoisc, excessive ear effects 753 prevention 748 Fhosphino 780 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 738-757 Rooorts dust survey 715-718 Respirators approved 726 for formaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 735 Selenium 779 Silicosis mineralogy prevention report x-rays 757-703-710 706 714-719 720 Snray-oainting protection 730 Statistics, morbidity and mortality glass workers 722758 Therapy oxygen injection 721 throat infection 744 T.N.T. 781 Tobacco workers 778 Tuberculosis control 716-717 Tenors, bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 Ventilation ins'trxsicnts 751 Y/pIIs' disease 740- 746 X-Ray miniaturo 709 mycosis fuagoidcs 727 \imfacturers AmciationiCofirecticut V s \ - ^ -</ ^ / <y C-rNrP^/\U September 15, 1341 Bulletin No. 837 N ATTENTION: - Industrial Nurses - "Trained Attendants" A person employed by industrial plants to practice nursing under the direction of a licensed physician is required to be licensed as a regis tered nurse (R.N.) or as a trained attendant (T.A.). Connecticut licensing requirements arc as follows: A. The graduate nurso having completed a course in an accredited school of nursing any be licensed 1. By examination in Connecticut; or 2. Without examination in Connecticut if her course in nursing equals that sot up in this state, and he or she has boon licensed by examination in some other state. 9. The trained attendant may apply for licensing 1. By examination if he or she has completed a one year course accredited by the Board of Examiners for Hursing; or 2. Without examination if he or she has completed an ac credited course for trained attendant vroric in another state and is licensed there under a similar title; or 3. BY WAIVER (UNTIL m, 1543) I? HE OR SHE '(a) HAS HAD Attention is called to the last section, in order that those em ployed to do industrial nursing who are not now licensed may become properly certified for same. Application blanks or furener information may bo se cured from tho 3oard of Examiners for Nursing, State Office Building, Kartf:rn, Connecticut. We will bo glad to answer any questions. A-1739