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to SEE ATTACHED DISTRIBUTION date JUNE 21 , 1976 . from DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST subject OSHA LOWERS PEL FOR ASBESTOS EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 1976 This is to remind you that on July 1, 1976 a lower permissible exposure limit (PEL) will be in effect for occupational exposures to airborne asbestos. The current PEL in the 28 states covered directly by the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the 17 states that have adopted the Federal OSHA standards verbatim, and the 5 states with selfdeveloped standards is an eight-hour time weighted average (TWA) airborne concentration of 5 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers per cubic centimeter of air (5 fibers->5 >um/cc) and a ceiling concentration of 10 fibers longer than 5 ;um/cc. The new level will be an eight-hour TWA airborne concentration of 2_ fibers, longer than 5/jm/cc. This change is true for all federal and state OSHA programs. The lowering of the eight-hour TWA is the only change in the asbestos standard taking place at this time. In addition, a new proposed standard governing occupational exposure to asbestos was published in the Thursday, October 9, 1975 Federal Register (Part II, pages 47651 through 47665). OSHA solicited comments on the proposal and it is anticipated they will be proceeding with the rulemaking procedure in the near future. If promulgated in its current form, it will set a PEL of 0.5 fibers/cc for an eight-hour TWA, and a ceiling concentration of 5 fibers/cc for any period not exceeding 15 minutes. An indepth discussion of the impli cations and requirements of the proposed OSHA asbestos standard will be under taken after the hearing process is completed and a better idea of the possible changes are available. Hopefully, many controversial items in the October 9, 1975 proposal will be resolved at that time. Other standards regarding asbestos have also been promulgated by both the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) and the Environ mental Protection Agency (EPA). The new asbestos standard adopted by MESA is found in the Wednesday, March 10, 1976 Federal Register, page.10223. It limits exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos in surface work areas of under ground coal mines and surface coal mines to an eight-hour TWA concentration of 2 fibers/cc of air and concentrations above 2 fibers/cc are not to exceed ceiling concentrations of 10 fibers/cc during a cummulative period of one hour for each eight-hour day. The specification of a cummulative one hour exposure up to the ceiling concentration is more conservative than the OSHA ceiling concentration which would allow exposures up to the ceiling concentration of one hour and 36 minutes and still be in compliance with the 2 fiber/cc eighthour TWA. The MESA standard, like the OSHA standard, is based on airborne asbestos fiber longer than 5,11m in length, but it also provides the criteria that a fiber be at least 3 times as long as it is wide. LAM 030254 ABS-012309 I -2- Revisions to the National Emission Standard for Asbestos (40CFR61.2) are found in the Tuesday, October 14, 1975 Federal Register, pages 48292 through 48311. The EPA passed substantial reporting, workpractice, and disposal criteria for roadways, manufacturing, demolition and renovation where friable asbestos is involved. If you have any questions regarding the current reduction in the OSHA asbestos standard or either of the other standards mentioned above, please feel free to contact me. Attachment LAM 030255 ABS-012310 A" LIST MESSRS. B. F. AURELIUS W. C. BLUHM J. BOYAJIAN P. A. DENNIE W. R. HARP, JR. R. M. GRISWOLD R. G. JOBE H. L. KUSNETZ F. B. LOE H. LOW L. L. MC DOWELL B. J. NANCE J. W. PITTMAN, JR. W. A. PRICE I. A. ROBERTS T. J. RYAN J. C. SCHRATWIESER 0. J. SHIRLEY J. F. WEILER S. G. WILES BUSINESS CENTER MANAGERS MESSRS. J. B. ASHTON M. L. BAKER C. L. COLDREN D. F. DUNCAN A. R. FLORA L. A. GOLDSTEIN R. E. HALL D. E. HAUPT N. R. LEGGE G. C. PLISZKA R. J. REYNOLDS MRS. B. ROSENKRANZ MESSRS. M. K. SEGGERMAN R. L. SHIPP M. J. SLOAN H. M. STRAUGHAN R. P. TOOHY D. E. ULLRICH R. G. YAPP, JR. MEDICAL DIRECTOR R. E. JOYNER, M.D. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS F. M. PACKER 11.THIS COPY FOR R. K. JONES H. J. MC DERMOTT C. F. PHILLIPS G. A. VOS H. L. KUSNETZ D. P. ATWOOD J. D. RANSDELL WESTHOLLOW RESEARCH CENTER J. R. MILLER M. A. MUHS ABS-012311 LAM 030256 31:5304 REFERENCE FILE Tultle Z-2 (c) Methods of compliance--(1) En gineering methods. (1) Engineering con A ccepuWe maximum peak above trols. Engineering controls, such as, but Mat**rial 8-hour time weighted Tn| Acceptable the acceptable cetllni concentre* celling tlon for an $-hour shut, concentration--------------- -- Concentration Maximum duration not limited to. isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph <b) of this section. Bf'cene (Z37.4-1969)...................................... 10 p.p.m............28 p.p.m................Wp.p.m.. Bervllfum and beryllium compounds 2*./M.............. 6.g./M.................26 *g./M*.. (ZJ7.29-I970). Cadmium fume (ZJ7.5-1970)......................... 0.1 mg./M*.......... 3 mg./M*..................................... Codmlum dust (Z37.5-I970).......................... 0.2mg./M*.......... 0.6 mg./M*.................................. Carbon dlsulftde (ZJ7.*-!968>....................... 20 p.p.m............. 30 p.p.m............... 100 p.p.m.. Carbon tetrachloride (ZJ7.17-1967)...... ........ lOp.pJD.............23 p.p.m............... 200 p.pm.. Ethylene dlbromlde (ZJ7.31-1970)................ 20 p.p.m............. 30p.p.m............... Mp.p.m... Ethylene dlchlorkU (Z37.21-1969)............... 80 p.p.m............. lOOp.p.in............2U) p.p.m.. Formaldehyde (ZJ7.16-1967) -- 3 p.p.m...............8p.p.m................. 10 p.p.m... Hydrogen fluoride (Z37.28-1969) do...................................................................... Fluoride as dust (Z37.28-1969).. 2.5 mg./M*................................................................ Lead and its Inorganic compounds (ZJ7.ll- 0.2 mg./M*.............................................................. 1969). Methyl chloride (Z37.18-I969)....................... 100 p.p.m........ 200 p.p.m.............. 300 p.p.m.. Methylene Chloride (Z37J-1969).................. GOO p.p.m........ 1,000 p.p.m............ 2,000 p.p.m . 10 minutes. 30 mluulee. 5 minutes In any 4 hours. 5 minutes. 5 minutes in any 3 hours. 30 minutes. 3 minutes In any 3 hours. 3 minutes In any 2 hours. <il) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed, Installed, and maintained in accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. <b) See S 1910.8 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute is Ontario (alkyl) mercury (Z37.30-1569)......... 0.01 mg./M*.., 0.04 mg./M1................................. Styrene (Z37.13-1969)..................... 100 p.p.m........ 200 p.p.m...............p.p.m.. 5 minutes In any 3 hours. given In { 1910.100. (ill) Particular tools. All hand-op Trichloroethylene (Z37.19-19A7) Tetrachloroethylene (237.22-1967) T (Z37.12-1967).................... U. ^*n suldde (Z37.2-1966)___ ... 300 p.p m. 200 p.p.m... .. 300 p.p m___ ___ 500 p.p.m. .. 20 p.p m......... 3 minutes In any 2 hours. 5 minutes In any 3 hours. 10 minutes. 10 minutes once only If no erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits pre scribed In paragraph f b> of this section, such as. but not limited to. saws, scorers, other measur able exposure abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys Mercury (Z37.8-1971)................................................................. 1 mg . 10M tems In accordance with subdivision (11) Chromic acid and chromates (Z37.7-1971).......................................do 1----- of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(1) Wet methods. Table V.-.1 -- Mihcm 1 Dusis Aer (dynamic diameter (unit density >phcre) Percent passing selector Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, Substance Mppcf Mg/M1 scored, or otherwise worked in a wet Silica: Crystalline: Quarts (respirable).............. 260 ` lOmg/M* " 2. ft 3. ft ft.O 10 90 state sufficient to prevent the emission 75 of airborne fibers in excess of the ex 50 25 posure limits prescribed in paragraph 0 (b) of this section, unless the usefulness %SiO4-6 <*.S10,4-2 of the product would be diminished Quarts (total dust)................................... 30mg/M* The measurements under this nnie refer to the use of thereby. Crlstobalite: Use H the yalue calculated from the count or mass formulae tor quarts. Tndymlte: Use M the ralue calculated from the for mulae for quarts. Amorphous, Including natural dlatomaceous earth.................. on A K(" instrument If the respirable fraction of coal (tl) Particular products and opera dust ts determin'd with a MKE the figure corresponding to that of 2.4 Mg/M* in the table for coal dust ts 4.5 Mg/M*. tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing, grout, plaster, or similar material 1910.1001 Ashcslox. containing asbestos shall be removed (a) Definitions. For the purpose of from bags, cartons, or other containers this section. 11) "Asbestos" Includes in which they are shipped, without being 20 QOing/M* chrysotile, amosite, crocldollte. tremo- either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated <ySlQl Ute, anthophyllite, and actlnollte. 12) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the Silicates (less than 1% crys- ^ taJline silica): Mica........................................ 20 Soapstone............................... 20 Talc(non-ashestos form) . 20 Talc (fibrous). Use asbestos limit .. ... Tremollte (see talc, fibrous) Portland cement.................. 30 Craphlte (natural).................. 15 Coal dust (respirable fraction less than 5% SIOj)..................................... For more than 6% SiO*............................... 2.4mg/M* or lOrog/M* Inert or Nuisance Dust: Respirable traction.............. Total dust............................. %SIOt+2 1ft ftmg/M* 60 I5mg/M* NOTt: Conversion factors-- mppefXM.3-milHon particles pur cubic meter particles per c.c. * Millions of particles per ruble foot of air, hosed on Implnger samples counted hy light-field technic*. 1 The percentage of crystalline silica in the. formula Is the amount determined from air-borne samples, ex cept in those instance* in which other methods have Wen shown in W. applicable. > As determined by the membrane filter method at <30xphase contrast magnification. Both concentration and percent quart* for the appli cation of this limit are to be determined from the fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: Containing < 1% quart*; if > I7r quart*, use quartz limit. fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July l, 1975. The 8-hour tims-wclghtcd average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. <3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne cencentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. (Ill) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or Insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph (d)(2) (ill) of this section and with special clothing In ac cordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. (d) Personal protective equipment-- (1) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees, except: <l> During the time period necessary to Install the engineering controls and to Institute the work practices required by paragraph <c) of this section: (11) In work situations In which the methods prescribed In paragraph (c) of ABS- Occop-j: onal Safety & Health Reporter [Sec. 1910.1000(e) Table Z-11 30 LAM 030257 TOXIC SUBSTANCES S-9 / 31:8305 this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent insulllcient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph <b> of this section: or (ill) In emergencies. (iv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi sions (i), (li). or (ill) of this subpara graph, and both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. (2) Where a respirator is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those ap proved by the Bureau of Mines. Depart ment of the Interior, or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 P R. 6244, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be used In accordance with subdivisions (i). (ID. (iii), and (iv) of this subparagraph. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying rosoirator. or a respirator described in subdivision (ii) or (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b> of. this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. Ill) Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (Iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b> of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. (iii) Type "C" supplied-air respira tors, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type ``C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand, supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of a respirator pro gram. (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American Na tional Standards Practices for Respira tory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-1969. which is incorporated by reference herein. b. See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the main tenance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in 5 1910.100. (c) No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if. based upon his most recent examination, an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by his use of a respirator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer. In the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity. status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such a different position is available. <3> Special clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of, spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (1) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph <b) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. di) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. 'iiii Laundering: (a) Laundering of asbestos contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b> of this section. (b> Any employer who gives asbestos- contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform su'ch person of the requirement in (a) of this.subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed Impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 X (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi cation of this section, every employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em ployer shall immediately undertake a compliance program in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Personal monitoring--(i) Sam ples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer po rosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour time- weighted average airborne concentra tions and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. <ti) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at Intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(1) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the celling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b> of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives. shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g> Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs, (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (11) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall conform to the re quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format signs specified in 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following legend In the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. Legend Asbestos................ Dust Hazard.___ Avoid Breathing Dust___ Wear Assigned Protective Equipment. Do Not Remain In Area Unless Your Work Re quires It. Notation 1" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block. %'' Sans Serif, Gothic or Block. ;" Oothic. *4 " Gothic. v; " Oothic. 4-29-76 Copy: ight >c J976 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (Sec. 1910.1001 t'j)(1 Hiil] 13 ABS-012313 LAM 030258 < - 3 V 8306 REFERENCE FILE Legend Notation Breathing AilMtoi Dust 14 point Gothic. IKy fie Huudoui To Tour. Health. Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels--<1) Labeling. Cau tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been-modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (11) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall 8i=e: Caution Contains Aibeatoa Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Causa Serious Bodily Harm (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers If, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment. and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing, consigned for disposal, which may produce In any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section shsdl be collected and disposed of in sealed Impermeable bags, ov other closed; Impermeable containers. Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rcco/us. Every employecafiall maintafh rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Sec retary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. [1910.1001(i)(1) amended al 41 FR 11505. March 19, 1976| (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, which Indicates the em ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos 'fibers In excess of the limits pre scribed In paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified In writing of the expo sure. as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (J) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re quired by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer snail provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment in an occupation exposed to rirbome con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medical examination, which shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (PVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,..). (3) Annual examinations. On or be fore January 31, 1973, and at least an nually thereafter, every employer shall proride, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged In an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination Is required of any em ployee. If adequate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--(1) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (11) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor lor Occupational Safely anti Health, the D,rector of NIOSH, to authorized physi cians and medical consultants of citner of them. and. upon the request of an ern- I'iuyee or tormcr employee, to Ids physi cian Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the Infor mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical In formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. 8 1910.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; in terpretation of term. As used in Sec. 1910.1000 (Table Z-l, coal tar pitch volatiles Include the fused poly cyclic hydrocarbons which' volatilize from the distillation residues of coal, petroleum, wood, and other organic mat ter. [37 I'R 24749 Effective November 21. 1972) [Editor's Note: For the following carcin ogens' standards, medical examination provi sions were remanded by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Provisions regarding re search laboratories were vacated by the court.] 1910.1003 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area In which 4-Nltroblphenyl, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 92933 Is manu factured. processed, repackaged, re leased, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment tn sealed con tainers, except for the labeling require ments under paragraphs (e) (2), (3), and (4) of this section. (2) This section shall not apply to solid or liquid mixtures containing less than 0.1 percent by weight or volume of 4-NltroblphenyL (b) Definitions. For the purposes of this section: (1) "Absolute filter" is one capable of retaining 99.97 percent of a mono disperse aerosol of 0.3 tiro, particles. (2) "Authorized employee" means an employee whose duties require him to be In the regulated area and who has been specifically assigned by the employer. (3) "Clean change room" means a room where employees put on clean clothing and/or protective equipment in an environment free of 4-Nltroblphenyl. The clean change room shall be con tiguous to and have an entry from a shower room, when the shower room facilities are otherwise required In this section. (4) "Closed system" means an opera tion Involving 4-Nitroblphenyl where containment prevents the release of 4Nltrobtphenyl Into regulated areas, nonregulated areas, or the external environ ment. (5) "Decontamination" means the In activation of 4-Nltroblphenyl or its safe disposal. (6) "Director" means the Director, National ' Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or any person di rected by him or the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to act for the Director. (7) "Disposal" means the safe re moval of 4-Nltroblphenyl from the work environment. (8) "Emargency" means an unforseen circumstance or set of circumstances re sulting in the release of 4-Nltroblphenyl which may result In exposure to or con tact with 4-Nttroblphenyl. (9) "External environment" means any environment external to regulated and nonragulated areas. (10) "Isolated system" means a fully enclosed structure other than the vessel of containment of 4-Nltroblphenyl, which Is Impervious to the passage of 4Nltroblphenyl, and which would prevent Occupotionol Safety 3, Health Reporter (Soc. 1910.1003(b) (10)1 14 ABS-012314 LAM 030259