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FILE NAME: Maryland Casualty Company (MCC) DATE: 1937 June 1 DOC#: MCC017 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Engineering Manual for Use in Legal Case, with 1982 Cover Letter I? 'i X Y Z t. . ( 8613 U.S. Courthouse 601 Market Street Phila., PA 19106 September 17, 1982 Mr. Patrick Burns Law Offices of Kenneth L. Knapp 695 Town Center Drive Suite 1000 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 Dear Mr. Burns: Enclosed is a copy of the 1937 Engineering Manual which you requested. As we discussed, this document is one of the exhibit^ pertaining to a case currently pending before The Hon. James T. Giles in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, CA-81-2129. I will appreciate your your earliest convenience cover the cost of copying should be made out to the E.D.Pa. forwarding a check to me at in the amount of $10.50 to and handling. The check Federal District Court, Thank you for your patience in this matter. Sincerely, att. Margaret A. Enloe Law Clerk, The Hon. James T. Giles June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual i INTRODUCTION u '-i Jl/C S THIS manual on occupational disease hazards and inspection procedure has been prepared for the sole use of employee; of The Employ ers' Group. While in the possession of any em ployee. it is to be maintained in good condition and kept up-to-date by the revision and correction pages that will be issued from time to time. Upon the termination of employment with The Employ ers' Group, the employee to whom this manual is charged must return it to his immediate superior. Loss of this hook will require a payment of $5.00 by the person to whom the hook is assigned. It is not intended that this manual will he a complete story of occupational disease or hazards. Obviously, it would require a book of some size to present this subject in complete detail. Neither is it intended that the information with regard to any hazard or industry explained in this man ual is all that can be said about that hazard or industry. The idea of presenting the material contained herein is to give you a general outline of uniform procedure, and direct your thoughts and inspection methods to the most important phases of the subject. It ou already have consider able information and literature upon this subject, and the present manual will serve to supplement and consolidate that information. The first portion of this manual gives a gen eral discussion of the principal occupational dis ease hazards, together with generally accepted methods of control. This is followed by more detailed information with respect to dust hazards and information about the various toxic gases, vapors, and solvents. The balance of the manual is given over to a discussion of individual workmen's compensation classifications subject to occupational disease haz ards. tozether with a discussion of the individual industries. The industries and classifications have -been grouped accordine to the various schedules which bring together industries of smilar types or industries with similar hazards. If a risk is known bv its classification number, it can be quickly found bv referring to the schedule number. If the risk is known only by it; classification descrip tion. it can be found bv ascertaining the schedule number under which it is included. All occupational disease inspections are to he reported on the special occupational disease haz ard report which has the form number G 964 Rev. It should he kept clearly in mind that this form is essentially a guide to follow, and it may not necessarily provide enough room to accommodate all of the information, that -should be gathered in any particular risk. WhHe unnecessarily lent in spection reports are not wanted, it is absolutely essential that the hazards, exposure and condition of each risk be given in sufficient detail so that the Home Office can competently pass on the mer its of each case. For this reason the reports should be accompanied by manuscript.s'neets that thoroughly cover all important parts of the in spection results. It is of particular importance that the individual hazards he detailed by de partments; that the number of employee; exposed to each hazard in each department be given in complete detail; that a complete statement is given of corrective measures already in use and those that you have recommended, and there should be given the general attitude of the as sured. It should be borne in mind that the real purpose of the report is to give a complete pic ture of the hazardous operations to a person or persons who have ne'er seen this particular plant. Inspection work of `his kind requires common sense, accuracv and care m reporting conditions as they actually exist. Reports that are submitted as a result of superficial inspections or poorlyformed opinions are valueless. Recommendations that are poorly conceived or that are not based on facts or the existence of real hazards, can no: only result in high expense, to an assured, bu: may aggravate the conditions for w-hich correc tion is desired. Ee careful that recommendations to prevent an occupational disease hazard do not introduce a fire or accident hazard. If you are not sure as to what should be done in any partic ular instance, report the details immediately to the Ho me Office. It is of particular importance that close con tact be maintained with the Claim and Lnaerwritinn Departments. Investigation; of real or alleaed occupational disease claims should be conOD-ci to ensineennc matter =. All questions of medical examinations or treatment of existing emplovees of an assured should be re'.erred to the Claim Department, and not discussed with an as sured. CO T he Employees' C-eoup > En'g:n' zz?xng Manual [ June 1, 1?:' Occupational disease Hazards dj various kinds do epcist beyond any question of doubt. At the same time these hazards can vary greatly in .fre quency and severity of occurrence. In all in stances where individuals are concerned there is the que-siion of individual susceptibility "which may cause one to be misled. The fact that certain individuals have worked in a condition or location for a period of yean that appears to be extremely hazardous, without anv apparent til effects. is not a skn that no hazard exists. Certain indi viduals with greater physical resistance, or pos sessing natural or acquired immunity may work for years in a location which would he extremely dangerous for another individual. This condition is apt to exist in smaller shops where not enough men are employed to zive a good general average. In the same way, some people are overly suscep tible and the wrong impression might be obtained as to the actual hazard in any industry, due to one or two cases in one small shop. However, it hisaznaercdesssaasrythteov consider concern the the voecrcvuApsautsicoenpatlibldeisepaesre son. From an engineering standpoint, it is neces sary to make sure that the dust, fume or zas con centration is maintained at such a point that no one is affected. It is not sufficient to maintain working conditions so that only ten or fifteen per cent of those exposed are affected. Events of the past few years have demon strated that with respect to the entire subject there has been much misinformation pasaed around and a tendency to either overemphasize or underemphasize the seriousness of these haz ards. The matter has been lurcher complicated bv the existence of " rackets'' and. oftentimes, false claims. From an engineering standpoint, the only view to take is one that can be based on facts as they are known to exist, and avoid misrepresentation. June 1, 1937 ] T he Employees' Group Engineering Manual iii Lnri oCl SCHEDULE n o . O1 4 5 6 < 3 9 10 12 14 16 IT 13 2fN1r> n2r~34 25 2o 6-- --nGr* 29 30 31 w00o0o^> \?jrs< 35 36 37 INDUSTRIES Agriculture Mining and oil or natural gas producing Quarrying, stone crushing and sand or cl: Food and tobacco Textiles Cloth products Laundries Leather Rubber, composition and bone products Paper and pulp, paper product;, and pri. Vood Metallurgy Metal forming Machine shops, fine machines and instruct! Vehicles Stone products Clay products Glass products Chemicals Miscellaneous manufacturing Miscellaneous construction Erection Shipbuilding Maritime operations Stevedoring and freight hunakr.g Railroad operations Cartage and trucking Public utilities Commercial enterprise; Clerical and nrotessionai occupation; Operation and maintenance Miscellaneous occupation C5 300.1.1 IV T he Employees' Group ^ Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937 CLASS NO. SCHEDULE NO. 0106 1 0301 24 2147 Mo. Only 2 1143 ^ isc. Only 2 1149 Okla.. Kans.. Mo. 2 1134 Tenn. Only 2 Hot 2 1165 2 1413 CM. Onlv 16 1430 16 1437 Cal. Onlv 16 1433 16 1452 16 1463 24 1472 24 1604 Col.. Ga.. Inti.. IN. 1.. Tenn.. Texas, 4 t.) 4 1603 26 1622 Cal. Oniv 4 1624 4 1539 -<s 1654 4 1701 21 1703 21 1710 4 1741 1745 m n i i- - -! 1 1 " T V0 21 j. u'lO 21 1332 21 1353 21 1360 12 2'O?0 Cal. Onlv 5 2101 0 2102 5 2914 o 2016 5 2029 Cj I. Onlv 5 2 021 5 2930 5 2-i9o4*1-> 5 5 2-"V9l-4uo51i 5 3 2039 3 2095 3 CL155I71CATION Tree pruning, spraying, etc. Turpentine or resin manufacturing Lead mining -- with shaft?, tuncei? or drifts Lead or zinc mining Lead or zinc mining -- with shaft?, tunnels or drifts Lead 3nd zinc mining Mining -- MQC -- not coal -- with shaft? Mining -- INOC -- not coal -- surface Refining of metal -- not iron or steel Smelting, sintering, refining -- lead Smelting or sintering -- NOC -- not iron Smelting, sintering or refining -- metals Ore Milling Asphalt work? -- grinding, pulverizing or mixing asp Distillation -- wood Quarries -- dimension stone Rock excavation Quarry,' -- INOC Quarry -- INOC Slate splitting -- including quarrying Quarries Cement rock Cement Mfg, Piaster Mills Stone crashing -- no quarrying Flint or Spar grinding Soapstone or soapstone products manufacturing Emery work? Abrasive wheel manufacturing Stone cutting or polishing -- IN'OC Asbestos goods manufacturing -- including spin weaving Mica goods manufacturing Abrasive paper or cloth preparation Bakeries Cracker Manufacturing Macaroni Manufacturing Idiilinz of grain Breakfast food manufacturing Molasses or syrup refining -- not gluccse Sugar refining Beet sugar manufacturing Confectionery manufacturing Chocolate or cocoa manufacturing Che"inz gum manufacturing 3utehering Packing houses Meat nroducts manufacturing -- INOC June 1, 1937 ] T h e Employees' G roup "3 ring Manual C>L01.55 SCHEDUNLOE. 2101 5 2260 6 2280 9 2233 6 2305 6 2.A47l-01l2?L/ 6 6 2537 2533 - 2586 8 2600 9 2623 9 2660 9 2_n7-A301-i 14 14 2790 14 2791 14 2794 Cal. Only 14 2-Oo3OU0f,-2fi 14 14 .oj">i1."> 14 2f>8r1o5< Cal. Only 14 14 2841 2370 Cal. Only 1Ti s4^ -OC 0 14 2915 14 2916 14 2920 14 2923 14 296i0n 25 13 3064 17 3076 17 3081 17 3082 17 3035 17 3086 Cal. &. Vise. 17 3033 N'. Y. Only 17 3089 17 3091 17 3093 17 3112 Cal. Only 17 3113 17 3114 17 CLASSIFICATION Fish curing or packing . . __ "Wool combing or scouring ^ Hatter's fur manufacturing Felting manufacturing Artificial silk manufacturing Carpet or rug manufacturing Textiles, bleaching. dveing. etc. Hat manufacturing -- other than straw or cioth -- no hatter s fur manufacturing or blowing -- starting or forming of felt hat shape? Hat manufacturing -- other than st~aw or cloth -- all operations Cleaning or dyeing Fur manufacturing Tanning Boot or Planing sohrome omualdniunfgacmtuirllisng- or rep*airing Sash, door or Assembled mill'Aork manufacturing Pattern making -- NOC Pipe manufacturing -- wooden, tobacco Wood turned products manufacturing Carpentry -- shop only -- excluding commertial lumber vari; Comn or casket manufacturing or assembling -- wood Cabinet work -- with power driven machinery Cabinet works -- boat building Tank, seat or cabinet manu;acturing -- wood TVoodenware manufacturing -- NOC Billiard table manufacturing Furniture manufacturing -- wood -- N'OC "Veneer products manufacturing -- veneer manufacturing Veneer products manufacturing -- no veneer manufacturing Organ building Piano or piaver piano manufacturing TVood Preserving Elevator or escalator manufacturing Sign manufacturing -- metai Fireproof equipment manufacturing Foundry -- iron -- NOC Foundry -- steel casting Foundry -- con ferrous metals Foundry -- malleable iron Railroad permanent ways material manufacturing Pipe manufacturing -- cast iron -- N'OC Enameied iron ware manufacturing Pipe manufacturing -- cast iron -- by centrifugal casting Tool manufacturing Tool manufacturing -- NOC -- not drop or machine forged Tool manufacturing -- NOC -- machining or finishing _________ t ' U \ D l 5 ________ vi T he Employees' G eo op 5 E ngineering Manual [ /a s ; I, 1937 CnLoA.SS 3117 3122 i" 3126 3146 3169 3173 315.3 3220- 3223 3224 3331 3336 3364 33T2 3Oo3On8On2O- 3400 3307 3313 3543 3533 3559 00 01 3534 35Utx3u^3--- CM. Only '0-- 5?p6375 3642 3643 3^O6O'4Or\7O o0O'-00O*O0<-i''.4''O.1 pO 1 .O9n0----a j?nOr>^.t-4i 0 00 0 <j GOi j3o3 4`A'O 410r~211 4034 4040 Lai. .Jniy SCHEDUNLOE. 17 17 17 17 17 17 IS 17 17 17 17 IT 26 17 18 13 17 13 18 18 18 IS 18 13 13 13 13 1 2 13 17 13 13 1- 3n - 2') o4 20 20 20 20 20 17 4n o 2** 1*> CLASSIFICATION File manuiacturinz Cutlery manufacturing -- HOC Tool manuiacturinz -- agricultural, construction, etc. Hardware manufacturing -- HOC Stove manufacturing Radiator or heater manufacturing -- cast iron Plumber's supplies manufacturing -- HOC Can manufacturing Lamps or lantern manufacturinz -- HOC Agate or enamel ware manufacturinz Lead works -- sheet, pipe or shot Type foundry fielding or cutting -- oxvaeetvlene Electro plating -- HPD Clock manufacturing Watch manufacturinz Metal zoods manufacturinz -- HOC Azricultural machinery manufacturinz Textile Machinery manufacturinz Printinz or bookbindinz machinery manufacturing Boot or shoe machinery manufacturinz Confectionerv machinerv manufacturinz Sewinz macnine manutacturinz Addinz machine manufacturinz -- HOC Automatic sprinkler manufacturinz Machine shop -- HOC Valve manutacturinz Gear manufacturing or zrir.dinz -- HPD Ball or roiler bearmz manufacturinz -- HPD Battery manufacturinz -- dry Electric power or transmission equipment manufacturinz Batter;.- manufacturinz -- storaze Thermometer manufacturinz .-.utomobiie ar aircratt enziue mar.uiacrzrir.g Automobile rad.ator manufacturinz Automobile manutacturinz or assembunz Automobile dLsmantiinz Automobile bodv manufacturinz -- pleasure car Automobile bodv manufacturinz -- truck boay Automobile bodv manufacturing -- HOC Aeroplane manufacturinz Car manufacturinz -- railroad Car wheel manufacturinz 5and or zravel dizzinz Brick or clay products manufacturinz -- N0C Refractory products manufacturinz Concrete products manufacturing Potterv -- manufacturinz -- zlazed or norce.am earthenware June 1, 1537 1 CLASS NO. 4053 4054 4055 Cal. Un!v 4053 Cal. Onlv 4061 4062 4101 4102 4103 Cal. Onlv 4111 4113 4114 4206 4207 4239 4263 4299 "4j30n0'AJ4On 4351 4352 4400 4410 4417 4420 4431 443? 4440 4432 4456 Cal. Onlv 4470 4434 -4*r4-r-733-- Cal. only 4 o o o 4533 4567 4583 4596 4597 4653 4665 4692 4703 4710 4720 p T he Emtl.oyeas' Group Engineering Manual '>1 SCHEDULE NO. no 2f)20 no OO no 23 23 23 23 23 23 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 o10\ 10 10 10 10 10 10 24 24 _2O4Ti 24 24 24 25 5 24 24 CLASSIFICATION n'"-:v 0 -; '-j _L,~-C Pottery -- china or tableware manufacturing Terra cotta manufacturing -- for decorative purpose? Potteries -- manufacturing Potteries -- manufacturing -- electrical, porcelain ware Potteries -- glazed or porcelain earthenware manufacturing -- hand moulded or cast Pottery -- manufacturing porreiain ware by means of mechan- ical press forminz Glass manufacturing -- polished plate Glass manufacturinz-- sheet window ziass Glass manufacturinz-- sheet glass manufacturinz Glass ware manufacturing -- no automatic blowir.z machines Glass manufacturing -- cut Glass ware manufacturing -- NOC Pulp manufacturing -- ground wood process Pulp manufacturing -- chemical process Paper manufacturinz Fibre zoods manufacturing Printinz ^Newspaper publishing . . Linotype or hand composition Photo enzravinz Enzravinz Rubber reclaiming Runner rood? manufacturinz -- NOG Ruoberhoot or shoe manufacturinz Rubber tire manufacturinz Pbonozrapb record manufacturinz Lacquer or spirit varnish rnanuizcturinz Pyroxylin manufacturinz-- 3niberoid. celluloid, fibroid, etc. Pyroxylin or pyroxylin composition goods manufacturinz Leather manufacturinz-- imitation Cable insulation Composition zoods manufacturinz -- pia-iic -- NOC Korn. bone, ivory goods manufacturinz Learner manufacturing -- imitation Acid manufacturinz -- sulphuric onlv Paint manufacturinz Lead manufacturinz-- red or white Fertilizer manufacturinz Ink iwrilinz). muciiaze or paste manufacturinz Polish or Dressinz manufacturinz Glue manufacturinz Renaerinz works -- NOC Dental laboratory Corn products manufacturinz Candle Manufacturinz -- NPD Soap or soap powder manufacturinz ;_________ CT 3001.3________________ viii The Employers' Group Es e t s feeing Manual [ j-A-.t t, i s ; : CLASS NO. 4741 4940 5469 5503 5954 6251 6252 6254 Y. Y. only 6257 6253 6250 7590 8223 9301 9303 9600 SCHEDULE NO. _n 'ti 17 36 26 24 25 26 26 26 26 25 33 5 25 25 25 CLASSIFICATION Asphalt or tar distilling or rennine Soda water fountain or apparatus manufactur ing' Cleanins or renovatina outside surfaces of building Street or road construction-- rock excavation biting manufacturing Tunnelins-- not pneumatic Shafts Sinking -- all work to completion Subway construction Caisson work -- pneumatic -- not foundation Caisson works -- pneumatic foundation Tunneling -- pneumatic Garbage works -- reduction or incineration Stock-yards -- no butchering Painting -- shop only Painting-- automobile or carriage bodies Taacidermists June 1, 1937 cu Dii9',i < *f >' T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual LP-':' OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE HAZARDS ANTHRAX Anthrax is a contagious disease, common to 8. fHraovme esmtrepelot yceleosthkeese. p work clothes separate bmyanthaendskminosot rdohmideesst,ichaainri.mawios.ol,anodr tbrarinsstmleistteodf 9. Plirgohvtidwehegroeovde,r npaotussriabllev. entilation with sun iint feacptpeedarsaniimn atlws o toformmasn:. firWsti,thon huthmeanskibneianngds,. 10. hInidsetrsucwt itthhethweorbkamreensktion. prevent contact of sisecfoonudn,dinifnrecqautetlnet,lyshweietph,ingothates,bohdoyrs.esT, haenddispeiagsse, eoscpceucriailnlycathrpoeset mfriollms, fleoarethigenr icnoduunsttrriieess. anItd mtaany ASBESTOSIS neresr.iesr.agampoicnkzerbsr,usmhatmtraeksesrsm, apklearsste, revrest,erfienharmianass, farmers, butchers, longshoremen, freight handlers, for Awhpeorteevnetiral asabsebsetsotsosisduhstazaisrdcriesatteod.be Alomooknede atrnyd. oIctcamsiaoynaalllsyo ibne pfeorusnodnsinouctosnidneecotifonanwy itihndtuhse tahsebepstoosss,iblaendsoutrhcees waereavtihnez.mimnairc.zhinanmdz maiiniainrthuei mixing of asbestos and asbestos compounds. In preparation of skin in fur manufacturing. The infection in the skin occurs, in a great bdruasktreieslinwin-'gnicahndhagvaesktehtismeaxnpuofsaucrteurianrge. insulation, many cases on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, throat, neck, chest, hands, and fore bestOosn eis oufs et hde ismions tt hceommamnounf aocpt uerrea t ioofnps a twchhe rme a taes sakrmins.andThise nziebrbmedloidngebsy itnhea wcourtkeorr'sbrdeiartky ihnanthdes raisablestfoosr inrotoofsa. puTtthye chparascetricweithis astpohadltumanpd tthr.ee ocur ltthaenrdubsbtuinbzboorfn ctloothcoinrgre. ct Itanisd praerqtiuciurelasrlcyomdipme- ntwuombmearteorfiaslms alalreplmanixt;edthattogdeothethr.is tTyhpeereof .awreorka tent medical attention. The first step in the con trol of the infection is to use only hides, and skins wduistht.out any particular attempt to control the ffraocmtorynomne-itnhfoedcst,edshoaurelads.be Dmiasdinefeocftitohne, hbidve-saatnisd to aWsbheislteosiitsisthtraune tshilaitcofseisw, eritwiosrkaerdsefairneiteexlyposiemd stokibnes tfhroatmhaavnetheranxteriendfecthteedccoouunntrtryieasn. d are known cpoonrtsaidnetreodccuapsatsioucnha.l diIsneastehehazoapridnioannc os;hocuelrdtabine is tThahte euvseurayl yceoaurrsoer osfo ainn tehpeidleamrziec loefatahnetrhrtaaxn-, acauuthseoridtiiseasbiiltityis anedstadbeliasthhe, dantdhatthaatsbaensytoswisellmdaev br.eir.zfatcaein. terIsmtmheerdeiaaterelyo, naeftoerr ttwhois ctahseesrewihsiecnonmsiadv tfoineadfactaasle coofncalussbieosnto. sisThise vpeartyholiiokzeyly otfoaspbreosgtroessiss eprraebclaeutiionnvsestairzeatitoankenanfdorthae shzorerat tetsimt eo.f mAeftdeircaal differs markedly from that ci silicosis. The dust particles beinz larger, the damaze is to tr.e bren- pseerrvioedd. itnhewshciacrhe tdhiees udtmowonst apnrdectahuetioinndsusatrrey orbe ctohoiolsems arlal thtoer atdhmanit toantvhe lasrivzeeotpi.rotphoertliaotnterobf e:trh.ez ttuakrnesn tuontiitls tnhoerrme alis oapneorathtieornsouatnbdreanko. noDtiucee tios pizaerdticlbevs. thTehe fofirbmroastiisonof oafsbessot-ocsailsledis c"hAasrbaecstteors mthaeinctoaminparoabtsiverevarnacriety ooff 3alnlthtrhaex istafisetydimp.crue.ct atuo fBooudnides"i,n asiplihceonsiosm. enTohne qsuvitmentdotmnesreonf: :arsobmestoasnivs tions. are zeneraily similar to those of silicosis, particu infeScotimoen offrotmhe amntehthraoxdsarfeorasthfeolplorewvse:ntion of the l(asrhloyrtnasessrezoaf rdbsreaathr.1r.adPuraoilloynziendcreeaxspionsguredytposnaesa 1. Remove all visible factory dust by mean; of bdeifsfteorsendtusftrocmausseidlicaospisulmanodnadryemfoibnrsotsriasbloef aontynXe- mechanical exhaust at the point of origin. 2. Dispose of the dust collected by burninz. frraeyqufielmntsl.y Cfaosuensdofasdseofciniaitteedhewaritthenalsabregsetmoseins.t arAe 3. lMizaekde dprreosvsiinsizosn. bfoarndaagfeirss,t caoidttokni,t wanitdh ast2erWi bperedciasupsoesditiobnv teoxptuobsuerrceultoosisasdboeestsosnotduastp.peaIrt tios \V. solution of iodine. i. Post a notice 33 to anthrax and its proven* ntaoltitybeolfiepvnedeumthoant iaa,sbaensdtosaicsutme anyona-nidubteorruthlear mpon.r- monary infections. The concentration of dun in tion. 3. Provide overalls tor ail worxers exposed to tahsebesztroasdefabofricaastbinesztosp:lanmtisll dfeipneenr azivpersimrairsielytoona the hazard. 6. Have lunch room separate from workroom. harizrahnezredconincenJtercarteiaosnintzhacnonccruendteraftiinoenr. ofOpduersat tiaorne 7. Pterro. vsidoaep.adeetcq.uate washing facilities, hot wa parnedpawrianrpz.inzc.ardTmhze. cownetarvoilnzis. rsaptihnenrindzi.metuw.itstntnuzt CU 30017 2 ] T he Employees' Geoup V Engixeexinc Manual [ Jutu 1, 19)7 iatmiisnedimppohyrtsaicnatllyth, atincallul dinnegw Xe-mrapyloyeexeasmibneatieoxn of tIhneascmhuescth. as exposure to this oust will cause emnelnargweimthenwt eoafk thheeahrtesarsthiotuilsd anlsoot ibmepoexrtpaonstedthatot asbeSsotomse doufstt.he methods used to minimize the haz ard from asoestosis are as follows: 1. Rmeemchoavneicaalll ve.ixsnibaluestfaacttotrhye dpuositntbyofmoeraingsino. f 2. Iinmpthroevreoothfeogr esniedreawlaplllsa.nt ventilation by fans 3. Ppehryisoidciaclalelxyamfoirnatthioen ooldf enr ewemepmlopyleoeyse.es Tahnids rtheecoCmlmaiemndDaetipoanrtmsehnotu.ld be discussed with $ BEXZOL lessBleiqnuzoidl iws iathvoalasttirloen, ginsfwlaemetmisahblsem, ealllm. osItt ceovlaopr foorrategsumve. ryreseianssilyanadndfatms.akeIsts avavperoyrsgoaroed hseoalvveinert ntheatnbeairm. isIttakiesn aflsoor cbaelnlezdineb,enwzheinceh, bcoumt eist fmroumst pcoemtreoslefurmom acnoaal istarm. uch less harmful. Benzol of rBuebnbzeorl cisemuseendts,inlaincqduuesrtrsi,esvairnr.itshlce.esmaanndufasctatiunrse. paints dustry. and in c'.leaarnr.iinshg roefmopvrienrste, rsin rothlleieres.neemnigcraalviinng- aprltaitfeisc,ialetcl.e.a tihnert.hesarm.iatanruvfactitnurceanosf. rouilbbcelrothgooadnsd. linoleums. connection Also, with at the times it may manufacture bOe l par1eIsVe1n3tluSiin rtuurbibnegr. irmeciltaaitmioinngl,eapthheornoagnrdapphyrroexcyolridn mmaannuuifaacc- tbuerriinozid. . inancldudcienlglulsouidc.h sIut bisstaunsceeds vaesryviesxctoelnosidiv. elny- ipnointht etomr aanurofoacdtumreanyofofdvtehse dayneds aisndtheexpsltoasritviensg. oXfhibieenzmolucahs haassoblveeennt doorneto tocoenltirmoilnaitteinthme aunsye itnhdeumstarineusf, atchteureuseofonf itbreon-bzoerl.zaesnea. raanwilimneatearnidalth;en ocrtehaesre vraartihoeurs tdhyaen idnetcerremaseed.iatTehs erweillcapnrobbeanbolvsuinb sthtietumtearneucfoamctmureendoefddfyoer iintsteursmeeidniactoesn.nection with benzPoolisofunminegs. usuVahlleyn octhceusrse bavre thderawbrneatihntiong thoef lruiendgs,thbroenuzgohl tihsedibsosdoylv.ed Aicnuttehepobilsooondingandocccuarrs Twhheennelarvrgoeusamsyosutenmts iasrepobisroenaethdedanidn taheshborretatthimineg. oavpepraraatupserpioadralvozf edt.imeSmcaaullseer cahmroounincts pboriesaotnhiendz wpohiiscohniwngeakisenmsoarendcothminmsontheinblionoddu.striTehsi.s tBvepnezoofi itshealsskoina saknidn tihreritmanots.t cIotmmmaoynbiensatbasnocrebeind itnhdruosutgrhy iasndwhnoereatttehme ptmiastemriaadle i3to srpeimlloedve oint. the clothes the Tphreevceonnttiroonl ooffthienhbaelnaztoiolnhaozrarsdkidnepaebnsd-sorupptioonn obel tphuet minatoepreiarla.tionThweheforellvoewrinpgosspirbalcet:ices should 1. mDeoann'ts uosfe cboenntzrooll.. TIthiiss pisososfitbelne tmheansyimtpimleesst ttohefihnadztahradt caonmotphleerteslyolveelnimt imnaatyedb.e uTshede adnyde eaxncdepetxipolnossivtoe,s thinisdugsternieersalareru, leo.f cTooulruseen, ethies ostnietutme.atIetriiasl ptohiasot nmouisg,htbubte muusecdh alesssa tsouxibc ttihoanns baelsnozolp.rovHidigeh aboniolnin-igndpaemtrmolaebulme, fnroanc etolixmicinsautebsttihteutehafzoarrdbefnrozoml. beInnzosl eethkiisngretco fouml mceonndsiadteiorantioshno, ualndd ailtwawyisll bbee gfoivuennd ctahraet icnana bme afjoourintdy. o-f cases a suitable substitute 2. Rexehmaouvset vbeenntziolaltifounm. es at point of origin by 3. Keep tight covers on receptacles containing benzol. 4. Do not allow articles treated v-ith any com rpoooumnsd ucnolnetsasintihneg vbaepnozrosl atroe drreymoivnedw. ork 5. fwtliathke bdernyzionlg cmhiaxmtubreersasfograsmattiegrhitalsastrpeoatsesdi cbhlea.mbanerds hsaiivgehiitvhelesasir thparnessthuaret oiuntssiiddee. tr.e 6. Sinpgrabvenozbojel cotsn.wv itwhheanpatihnetv mairxetu:rne pcroonpteari.nv constructed and ventilated booths. T. rIantsunsecct ocnatraeifnuinllgv pbiepnezollinetos adnedtecotthaenrdappprea vent leaks. 3. mPreonvidwehoporseitnivaeir plreeaskssu,reenhteelrmebtesnzfooir wtaro-.r-kis or use anv mixture containing benzoi n a confined space. 9. Stuancpt'ivwitrhublbiqeruidglboevnezsolt.o worxers m con 10. Ithnatarbreannzgoinl gfuemxehsauasrte vheenatviliaetriotnharnemaier.mber 11. Ttheest aitrheofcownocrekn-trroaotmiosn. ofBebneznozlolshfouumldes nomt be allowed to exceed one hundred parts per million of air. 12. Pwriothvidbeen zmole. dicTahlis ssuhpoeurlrdis'bioendifsocrui swedorwkeitrhs 13. the Clai m Department. T ransier workers to othe r de part merits if benzol 3Sects them. I k Hmaavdee oaf eaccohmpelmetpelovpeaey. s:::rc.aciuiiienxzamainoattriuoj.ni examina tion. before tnis ioye e '*orkj with benzol. c cu O V ^-x 3^ SAFETY IT THE USE OF BENZOL i c a s S J y ti e Ur.- a^s cs^ f o>. .V-.l.*..-. c- 5I- X 1 suir i *'5 & ,rUj-Sr + XlC S ;n : ox i c i l y o o use a very de '7 e WO rV He w r f 1J3 . ) a s a - L 3* *- c.c. . = mJ s V_- j r -a"=- Ir. order m aterial ccr. tair.ir.g 5er.i approved ty l i e U. S. ?_ j lay le should le advise * -'sSl*- ii-y* "3 1 /> Cl CO f'C ( sr.ii-.er.i. lea er.iol cor.is e *r.i cr. a_ *a.. . as o=e r. URIN SUI 'ATE TEST AS A MEASURE OF BENZOL EXPOSURE Cf O l i f o cf s J-.t di' V? is vs ci tds ar.ou 1 nr. a . ns a C e 1r.di v i d A 31 N 5elsw 25? r.i.-.s .s : is ~a,d Danse roue j . . w.. Stop exposure until venti latior. is ir ;r ovs d c r' i V. I J K N / n i , II Is \ 1 1 ! ! MA Z A 1 U 1 S use C l 0 :5u d s y s t e m mjnufaci.iirl ng l>r o c es . IIA' / . AHD N A o c u c t t e i r o p n o 1l e s o h n az 1n ard g. . M i x e r s at. room te m p e ra tu re . H e a l e d Lanier. K. m i x e r s . Hazardous If used 111 c l o s e d r o o m w ith o u t flo o r exhaust.. extremely hazardous If open or w ith loose cover. Dll) l a c ij iu T , s m a l l liar i s . S l i g h t If e n c lo s e d and v o n 11 l u t e d . Ait. I f l e l a I l e a t h e r K, s 1 m 1 1 .1 r c u n 1 1 r i g pr oee ss es . 'pray c o a lin g I n d u s t r i i l i (land a p p 1 1 m i t, 1o n . I'l 1ni A v a n i 1sii 1 rinov e e nnil - 1m i n s 1r 1a 1 ( L y [ m l u t e i v . ). Il m i s e li 0 M 11 s e . t* i 1 1 1 1 1K c 0 11 1 .1 1 i n 1 r . Severe hazard If v e n t l i n t Ion Is poor. S lig h t If m odem s p r a y hootli Is n s oil , H a z a r d o u s f o r coni Inumi:; 11 ; e w l t h o u I. v e n t i l a t i o n - Chronic poisoning VH 1- y S l i g h t I f u s e h a1 z; a r d 1 n t u n i i 1 1. t e n l , n o t m m e than l/C day per week. V e r y s l l r . l i t f u i o c r a ; 1 o n a 1 use . SI lglit 1 f v e n t t i n t ton Is KO<} <! . V K. IIT I I . AT I O N U n n e c e s s a r y If a r e no l e a k s . there Kx t i n u s t v e ii L 11 a t 1 o n a t fl n o r voi-y n e ce i;s i r y . K x P . i u s 1 ve n t I 1a L l on a t f l o o r n e a r top of via l o r e o n 1 e d t u h e . I . n c t o s i i l a n k ti b a s k e t vili 1 1 e d r a t i l i n g . SO C . K . t l . ex ha l i s t at h o t . t OI'l 0 f e o e 1 o s n r e . A 1 ", o i; x h a u : . 1 a t f 1 n o r 1o v e 1 . I t o o hi e x h a u s t a t f l o o r ii o n r e o n l t n g e n d I m p o r t a n t . Must have 1 1 g h t . v a r until 1n s I d o oven. ( I l i o . 1 / ! ) " w. i t e r ; 11 e 1 1 o n . ) 1 :.0 Kl . pe r m 1n . a i r ve 1oc 1i y I nt.o hoot h . I l i Hi m e x 11. l n s t. a 1. f 1 (ii)l' . I'onin Iinwn 1 i om ex h au st, at f l o o r . d r a f 1 V e n t , 1 1 a I. ! o n work Pencil. D our mu! (*1`1' f 1j 1 l c w 1 l i f t o w oi>cn a t l!< s n f i o n m . I 'H K C A U T I OKS Use a i r l i n e mask when ent.erlng tank tor cleaning or r e p a i r s . Woikmau sliuuld h a v e s a f e t y r o p e .and a s s i s t a n t , on o u t s i d e . K e e p m i x e r c o v e r e d . DO C . K . t l . exhaust In sid e mixer. See Fig. 1 . Hake m ix e r a i r t i g h t , olid mil ( t r i a l may he a d d e d from flo u r above thru water m o le d 1( U I ) P" n K) to d o u b l e w a l l e d t.lihe iM" d l a m . See t i g . . h o l e at t o p of cue 1otuiru . Hope t h r u h o le to r a i s e basket, w i t h o u t o p e n i n g (loot-. S ee K lg . . Hake d r y in g ovens a i r tig h t except to r s lo ts for 1. o o n 1 e r a n d 1 e a v e . r.ihilc Increase If u rin e DOT. a ir velocity s u l f a t e test. In Doolli Is u n d e r In c re a se v e n t i l a t i o n If urine s u l f a t e t e s t I s u n d e r DO'.. A v o id uiic tn s m a l l a i r t f R h t room s. Kx l i u i t s t. v e ii 1 1 I a t 1 o n a L f 1o u r . II i n n f a c t ii r e r s l u m 1 d u s e I t e n v. 0 l l a b e l . Pemove a i r from c o n ta in e r w i l l ! s l i g h t v a c u u m ,y e x h a u s t . pm i d o u r s . Se e M g . \ . ' Dl l I N K S i l l . _ M. T K_TK.'iT_ Ho v a l u e 1 f u r a c u t e p u s (j i i t u g Use Use Use Very Im portant L*? Oi ' Use Use Not. p r t M ' l t o a l t.C) l i s t ! Not N rn rtic n i to usr Use Below 25? no s No 2 1 ; large rot icye v/ Si N*o3r*rO.aC Is necessary z> " a c ii pan oor.car.om os- r.Z 'ar.~ 4 oar*os tce1 2t* pv voluror ars ~s s.s'ursi Inoc a 'C0*^5C oc. a r. pc 15 - IT tii2 urine Is iliuoe urir.5 Is tai<sr. an- -- 2 0 . of 2 7 - - - 4 ..-. Tre urine solution srould rot be sra.-ter, stirred, or otr.erwise disturbed wr.i Is being sided. Tr.s stlutior is allowed t: stand ar. r.tur :r longer, atdtrdi: sra/.er up ar.d filtered tr.ru a Ococr trucidle. j Tie p water, dried, ignited and welgred. Specimen dor above test snould be placad on ice immediately alter voiding unless test is made at once. 3ariun chloride should be added within 24 hours. Total Sulfates. Twenty-five cc. of urine and 20 cc. of dilute r.ydrocblcrlc acid (1 to 4). or i;: ;c. of dilute urlr.e ** and 8 cc. of concentrated HC1, are boiled gently In ar. IrPenneyer flash (20:-23C c cc.) for 20 to 30 minutes. The mouth of the flash should be covered with a small watch glass tc re tard loss of steam during the boiling. The flash Is ceded In running water for 2-3 minutes and tne contents diluted to about 150 cc. with cold water. To this cold solution 10 cc. of 5 per cent barium c.tltrlte is added and toe procedure continued as descrlted under "inorganic Sul - - c Journal of industrial Hygiene and Tcricclcgy Jar.. 1SS) L A dilute tpetirter. may te rettgr.ined by its weah ccltr :r ty specific gravity less zzir. t so. 42 Whatman filter paper r.a7 be substituted for Soccr. crucible. June 1, 19.` 7 ] Cb O*>-'N T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual C 13. aTnheomseia vs-hhoouldhanvoet adnoythcishrkoinnidc odfisweoarske. or nseovterbey cmraemdipcsinea,ndbuttheto ornulsyh wthaev ptaoticeunrte htahciks tios 16. tHearvvaelsaofpeornioeditco sbilxoomdonetxhasm, idneaptieonndinagt ionn tahgeaine.me5rLgehnency helochkas arnedachpeldacethehimmaxuinmduemr aaiirr r bthlee astevtehreitypreosfentht etimexepotsourdee.tectIt thise poonssseit gprraedssuuarlely, , thaennd hine mshoosut ldcasbees ddeeccoommpprreessssieodn vweirlyl oufrinbeenfzoorl suplopihsoantein, gtAblvl oafnthaensaelyrseiscomofmtehne rceamreovoef tthheesedibffuicbubllteys abnyd paalslosiwngthtehebmlooodut tooftatkhee damatiinoantsiownshicshhohualvde htoe ddoiswcuitshsedphywsiicthal tehxe sinygsteomut eonftitrheely.air Ipt reisssugroeo,d wphrialcetiicne,thweheainr lcoocmk, Claim Department. ftloer baint. eimf ppolosysiebelet,oinstathned luopckacnhdamwablekr.abTouhtisawliiltl allow anv air bubbles that mav be in his system CAISSON DISEASE OR BEADS to readily escape through bis blood system. Great care should be taken in picking out the thisCadiissseoanse diisseamseo,stor coBmenmdos,nlyundkenrowwnhicohn tceormn bmeanthfeortytphee poof simtiaonn tohfatloctkhe teenmdeprl.oyeHese csahnonuoldt struction work, is classed in most states as an oc cupational disease and is found on all jobs re odfomthienaateir alsoctkos aaltloawniyngotthheermrattoe roufntimine atnhdanouits oqfuitruinngnetlhs eour sseinokfincgomopf recsasisesdonas.ir iDnivtehres dinrivminag lporcekscrtiebnedderunsdheorulsdtatheavlaew?stfriocrt doercdoemrspreasnsdionsh. oTuhlde rdiinseeasweoirsk caauresesdubbjyecwt otrok tuhnids esrama ehigdihseerasaei.r pTrehse boerdeirms mteodiadteecloympdriesscsharwgoerdkmifenheunvdieorlataeisr tchoemse psuerresqthuaanre aitnmcho.sphTehriisc ipnrcersesausreed, pwrehsiscuhreisis1n5eclbess. prarteesssioonf daetcoamnypreostshioern, swpeheidch thisannotthfeasstetarndthaarnd snaerly,orincamisasnoyn ciassebse, indgueptuot tthherofuagcth tshoaftt tghreoutnudn, tshuere.foolnloewminignurtaet,ef:rofmrom11 0lbtso. t1o0 1l5bsl.bsg.,autwgeo pmriens athned wadatdeirtioonr apl opssreibslseurceavies-inne.cessary to keep hack utotes2:5 flrbosm., 1tw6 ellbvse. tmoin20utelbss;., 2f6ivetom3in0utlbess.;, 2f1iftlebesn. nitrCogaiesnsohnubdbisieeassein itshecabulsoeodd bpyassthageesfoorfmtahteiobnodoyf lmbsin. uftoerst:y 3m1intuote3s3: l4b1s.,totw5e0ntlbvs.m, fiinfutytems:in3u6tetso: 4o0r raen-sdt iunsusaolmlye tjhoeinset onfitrthoegebnodbyubabnleds cwauislle ceoxmtreemteo rraoluegshlayreat stthriectrlayteaodfhearepdoutnod. awemidnouuteb.t iIff tthheersee pain. Almost everv state has a code which is very strict and requires close supervision of ail twhoaut ldwobueldmarneysulctaseins oa:nybelnodsst rteimpoe.rtedEmonploayejoebs workmen engaged in compressed air operations. The disease can be caused by several condi wwoorrkkinag supnedciefricconmumprbeessredofaihrouarres. onlTvhiasllonwumedbetor tsiuornes. wF'hiriscth, tahreiseemfprolomyewe ocrakningremuanidnertoaoirlopnrgesa uofsedhouanrsd iaslsogovtheernesdtatebyinthwe haicirh pthreessoupreerabteioinngs period under increased air pressure. Second. Lack are being carried on. oofr claeraevionng tthhee paairrt loocfkthoef eemitphleoryeteheincaeisnstoenrinogr worUknbdeercanroriedcoonndituinolnesss sthhoeurled iscoamcparpeasbsleed doaicr tnuannnceels, ians tmheosctassetamteasv pbree.scrTibhienrge tahree slteantegthordoif tsoorn odnisethaese.preNmoisemsewn hsohoisulfdambieliaarllowwitehd ihto>; wcoarisst tinimg eaiarn loemckpsloaynede rmeutusrtntiankge toonaetmntoesrpinhgeriocr pleraevs umneddeicr alcoemxapmreisnsaetdiona. ir Swubitsheoquutenpt amsseindgicala esxtarimct spurrees.sureThuisndetirmwe hiicsh btahseed meenntiraerley woonrkitnhge. aiAr ifnacatt,iotnhsis schoonudlditiohne ims agdoevefrrnoemd itnimmeantoy sttiamtees: biny ltahregier fneullmowberemopf lowyoereksm, ernushlikiinngantdo rsuhsohw oou5t toof tshheousltdatbee leaxwasmainsetdo. juDsut rihnogwthoeftesnumamneremmpolnotyhese, tshuefficaiiernltoctikms ewhtoenaltlhoewy tchaenirdobosdoiews ittohomutakteakiandg iptasissagneowtavcolmeapduilnsgorfyromin tahlel lsotcakteschtaombperor rtiodethea jtuhsetvmecannt t"otankeewthceonadiirt.i'o'nsT. heThreeysulbtoaisst moannyhoowf cclhoatnhgees thooupsreotewcthetrheestehewowrkomrkemnenfrocmhaantgmeostphneeir- trheleimeveartehebmrouogf htthehacakir tobubthbelesmeidnictahleilrocbklsootdo Nricovceomnbdeitriotnos.AprDilu,riangcotvheeredcopldaesrsagmeonsthhosuldfroaml sysAtenmo.ther condition that mav bring about this wouatysofbethperocvoimdepdretsosepdroatierc.t atshetheemy paloreyepeserscpoimriinngg dinisgeausned ies r t hcoe mupsree sosfe d l i qauiror . s hoNulod eumspe l ol yineueo r w ork 3nct vaenrdv sftruefetvlv, adnude ttohetvhisarecosnudbijteioctn:tothpeneauirmiosnmiaoim-t eoafchhisebmopdlvoyweehesnnoeunlgdagteadkeintntehisnetsyt ppeosostiowloersct.are andodniticoans,esaonmecdaitccahlinlgoctkhe slheoaustldbiat lwofavas choeld.prIon Caisson disease or bends is first noticed oy vided for emergency purposes. This lock, of Fs^t 4 ] The Employees' ccohuarrsgee, orfouast trbaeinuenddneur rstheeseclaercsteodf btyhesudcohctmorediin twnheiycharceonnsottitucateugthhtisinfutmhee ahraegss.o small that cpalyl aouf thhootr,itbyl.ackMocsot3esetatteos breeqkueiprte oan lhibaenrdalatsuapll times if there are any men working under com 3. eDsupsetciainllyhawnodrlkiinngg cuapdmthieumresiodxuidese,fraosmsuthcihs, pressed air. Plenty of sugar should be provided process. for use if the employee desires it. As a further precaution, many states require -i. Mpoanneufaacntduriwngoraknindghaunpdlitnhge craedsmidiuuems lfirtohmo- c that all employees working under compressed air this process. hineg rtehqeuirirneudmtboerw, etahre ajonbidoennwtifhiiccahtiothneybaadrgeew, ogrikv 3. pMhaidneu.facture and handling of cadmium sul ing, by whom they are employed, and usually there is a warning notice on the bottom of this 6. Spraying cadmium sulphide (as a paint!. bunadcognestcoiotuhse oerffteackt etnhasti,ckif, nthoits teomtpalkoeyeheimis tfooutnhde 7. TmCiuelmdincgoaatlelodysarctoicnlteasi.ning cadmium or cad hjoobspointawl hbiucth thoeruisshwohrikmingimamt ethdeiataedldyrebsascgkivteontohne 3. wMietlhtoinugt madeetaqlulaictecvaednmtiiluamtioonr. its compounds ethmeplboaydegee. bTachkis tsoavwehs evraeluhaeblceantimreeceiinvegeattttienngtitohne, as the average hospital is not provided or 9. Hmaanydhlienginhaanlyedcaodr miniugmestecdo.mpounds which epqreusispepdedairtocasreesn. der treatment quickly on com 10. Uansyingpucrapdomseiuwmhecroeatethdeyor mpalaytecdomareticilnescofonr Careful check-ups of employees working under tact with food or drink. aarire smhoorueldsubsecempatidbeleattoatllhetibmeensd. ; Sthoamne oetmheprlso,ydeuees possibly to physical condition or their personal ing Caanddmciounmsisctoiantinggesnearrael, aopfpcliaeddmbiuymelceacrtbroopnlaatte habits. Such employees should be eliminated from the payroll as compressed air workers. sdoismseolvseudbsitnancae,soulusutiaolnly ofprosotediinum(mciylakn, idceheeasned, 9 cfaavseoirns, awmooodre suhnelilfaocr,mgdluecpoosseitioorn loicfocriacdemiiuwmhicohn the articles. CADMIUM Cadmium lithopones are formed by precioi- mucChadwmidiuemr usise tahamnetfaolrmwehrilcyh. iIst cisomuisnegd iinntolowa tTahtiengcacdamdmiuimum yeslullopwh;atemiwxeitdh wbaitrhiumultsruamlpahriidnee. pmreoltteicntgiveallsouyr;f,acpehs.otography, and for plating for blues give brilliant and very stable greens. Essentially the same precautions should he induCsatrdimaliuhmealitsh shuamzcairedn.tiyThtoexifcumtoe omfakcaedmitiuamn otiblasteirovne.d apserwsoitnhalleacdleaenxlpionseussr,e: asvuocihd ashegaotoindgveonf othxeidelunfgrsomwhmicohltreensulctasdminiudmeatihndoufceesxpeedriemmeantaolf cparodvmeidumresepxicraetpotrsinonexdhuasutsytejdobshowoditsh, ucsaedmoifuma.p aanliizmedals.pneIunmsomniaallearr.admoburonnt;chiot-ppnreoudmucoensiag. eneIrn driePs.artiCcuelratarinattsemnatillonbrsahsosulfdouhnedripeasidmteolt focuand vtheery iusrm.ga;l.l thamouoguhntst,hecraedmarieumno psroudbujeccetsivescasrysmipn mtioiunma.ndTahtisa slhoowu- ldtemheperdaotnuere.witCh adgomoidumvemnteilltas toms following such exposures. There is a change in the liver and kidneys due to exposure to cad catan3n2o1t.6 hCe ahnedatbeodilsinat t7h7e3.9samCeanmd asnoneitr obasviobura;sivs mium. An exposure to 10 mg. cm3 for twenty, four hours is enough to cause very serious symp wwhhiecnh imt eilstsgiavtin1g050offC.brIotwsnhofuulmdens.eveIrt hies paoduvrisead ttoiomns.it iFs omr uachshmoortreextopxoiscurtehatno leaadh.igh concentra bclaedmtoiumweaarlthaopupgrhovtehde rpersepciaruattioornss wohfilveenptoiluartiinogn manTuhfeacgturereateosft chaedamltihumhazaanrddsinartehefohuannddliinngthoef must he also observed. The spraying of cadmium sulphide a3 a paint itthse cmomosptohunaxdas.rdoTusheexfpoollsouwreisnghalviset bseheonwsenwchoeurne sfohromuledd htheatcthheeckDeadi.n* iIsnnoptlaantlseadwhbeasree oonnee shisouilnd tered.12 always hnd out if possible what is used. The other main hazard is the handling of cad 1. Vapor or fume from the retorts or condensors of the blue powder furnaces, in mp.iiuiumre.saltTs hien msuacnhufaacmtuanrenerof aspatointcauisselidkueslyt etxo- making both cadmium 3nd caamium oxide. lead to exposure of this type. Adequate ventila 2. Finummeakfirnogm caadnmd iunmearoxtihdee. coTllheectipnagrtihcalgess tion and respirators of an approved type snouid he used. hmr 1, 1933 1 T he Employees' Group In c in ee .mng Manual 3?r- 5 .MATERIALS HANDLED IN BRASS FOUNDRIES LOW a2) BRreodnzBeras..s................................................................... i3 i Admiraltv Metal .................... 1<54)* IMt eulnlotz" MBertaasl s ..................................................... (6 1 Phosnor Bronze .................... .7) Bearinz Meta] ........................ HIGH 9S,' MMeettaalllliicc LZeiandc ..................................................... a o Metallic C a d m i u m ................ IN ORDER OF INDUSTRIAL 8950TM- CCooppppeerr :or- Copper h6~orcr CCooppppeerr )..u:Orw-r CPhoop-ppenrorou83"- Copper HEALTH HAZARD 1lo3Mw ZTiinnc 29 M 1W ZTiinnc 4330 MT; ZZiinncc 10 M 9.5 M TAinntim 143"Tr TLienad tier: ofint^hpeecatliloony owf hbicrahssisfopuonudrreides shtioieo'cdomhepodsie- mteorimivinaerde iufsepdo,ssailblleL.rrinIafinlre: a-dw, hecealdsmsihuomuldorbeanetxi- hausted. therIef schaodumldiuhme, alestardongorexzhinacustarveenmtilealttieodn taolornee move fumes. Chromic acid andCHitRsOcMomEpounds are the sub sctaatniocne.s wChhicrohmpircod3ucciue itshea trreodubsloeluitniotnhismacldaessibfyi 0a.c tvi-nzeenwathteart itso caallceodmpcohuronmd iuomf cthrirooxmidieu.m Canhdro ammicmoacniidumandareitsstrsoanltgs oirfriptaonttass.sium, sodium, and eb Ct.h-oro-pmlaictmza.cidlithoorgritasphcyo,mpphooutnodgsraaprhev.uspe'ndotointeibn-zrp.'rviinntzm. zl.eaftuhrerantadnncilnot;h, bdlyueei-rpzr.inpt izmmaekri.rtsz.. atenxdht:eieumseadnuinfaccotunrneecotfiocnolwoirtehd lcarmayponosr. laAntlesorn, imt amnauy facturing. automobile parts manufacturing, and manTuhfeacptuoriseoroifnaoffoiccecuersqufirpommentht.e irritatin; action o1.f n'ntiviaicihnrzomcherosomleutivoanpoorrs dourst doun=tt.he Isrrkiitnataionnds nvand uHb'.'icer;a."t'ioanreofthtehemsoksitn,pcerosmismteonntlyofcaalnleyd o"fCthhreomine cduurset.riaSl insckeinthceoncdointitoronls oafndthethcehrmoomset hdiafzfiacrudlt dteo tpheendsskinonasvefanrtilaastipoonssaibnlde, rtehdeucfionllzowcionngtarcetquwiirteh men1t.s Hsahvoeulgdoobde gceanreefrualllyvenfotilllaotwioend:of work-room. 2. Rofemoroivgein cbhvrosmpeecidaulstexahnadustvavpeonrtsilaattionp.oint 3. uDpoonnottheaflllooowr. chromium solution to drip 45.. KPreoevpidestrheoett wcalotethr inagnd sseopaapratfeor fwroamshinwzo. rk 6. cKleoethpesl.unch-room separate from work-rooms 7. IannsdDelcotcktehre-rohoamnsd.s of all workmen cailv. 3. Apetprrooltaetcutmiv,e wohiincthmecnatn, sbuechruabsbeladnoilnitno atnhde hands and applied to the nose before work isnuptphleiedm. orninz and after lunch. should he 9. Hofavealal coemmpplleotyeeepshvsbiceafol reexamwionraktiinozn mwaioth'0 10. Mchraoshmec.hrome solution off hands frequently. 11. lHeaavee onacereagusleaarr. ph'-sical examination at <2 LEAD usedLeiand inisduasthrevaviyn, bsootfht, tbhleuimshetazlrleiyc mfoertmal.andIt :ins lceoamdpocur ndle,adthecacrobmomnaotnee. stfocloiom"peodunbdv btehienz owvh.dieteowxhvigcehnaroen fohremateidnzbymethtaellcicomlbeainda. tioTnheof mleoasnt aimmi npuolrltanctolaorreedredpolweadderasndrelsipthecatrizvee:lyh. eavCyo,mrpeodunandds xaatiet.h lecaadrbosunl,phsualtep,huarn, danledadchcrhormoema':l-e;a;1d acraerbaol-no freeTlvheurseedarein aibnoduutstr1y5.0 industries with some ex ppaoisnutrse, ztolazleesa.d.polIitshiisngprpeosenndterisn, apnizdmseonbt..t--t.-r.puTtt:-:.--_, cphoiuenfdsh. asztaorrdaogues baltetaedriesi,ndpuostttreireys, paareintilneagd, pcrionnt-iInt zw. iplliuamlsboi,nzo.n loecacdassiomnesl,tibnez. uasnedd :lneadccnrnoteirnt.tro._nwpriuthnianlgl,orresopmaierionfz.theanfdoliofu"mmizzaotcincgup: a:ptolunms :pterrese wsuaprpeliems aannudfainctuthreezm, anhuafradcwtuarree ofmeannammaecl-t,uriirnozn. lcaudttiiantzo.r aumtaonmuaftaicctusrpinrign,kleacr etmylaennuefacwtuelrdiningg, liannod tiynzpeaonrd htaensdtinczomopfocsoitlioorns., anLdeaddrypzorii-nodniinnzz. obclecnudrsmduosstt: enaseixlty ffrroomm tzheettimnhzallaetaidon coofmlpeoadunfdusnicin; atnhde mTeoturtahrthavndl llaesatdly cfraonm btehe asbksinorbwehden tiht riosubzrhokeunn. bcirrockuelnate--kiinn. thLeeabdlotoadkeannuintmo atvhedasmyo-t-ezme aanty hro=rttia.nToiife tifioeliboo"divn.z suzzestions arc helpful in pr^vent1i.nzHalvenedzopoodisozenninezra: l ventilation of work room. 2. Rbvemsopveceiadlusetxhaanudstfuvmenetsilaattiopno.ints of orizin 30025 T he Em ployees' G roup s# E ngineering Manual [ J u n e 1, 193 43.. HDoavneoftloaolrl3owof dcuesmt etnot coorlleoctht eirn iwmoprekrmroeoamblse. minasteinriaelxttroempeerlmy idtutshtyorpoluagchescslheaonuilndgb. eCldeoannetaefrteorrwaorvkaicnugumhoucrlseaannerd. with the use of wa 5. Kcoemeppocuonvdesrsinonporwecdeeprtafcolerms .conTthaeisneingsholeualdd 6. bFeuronfismhetoavlertoallpsreavnedntglborveeaskatogealal nldeasdpiwlloinrgk. ers 3nd masks when necessary. From the standpoint of employees, the follow ing are good suzzestic.ns to have in mind. 1. Troroamsh. hands and face before entering lunch 2. Ttoakleeadfredqusute. nt shower baths when exposed 43.. KDoeepnotstrsemetokaen, dorfacchtoerwy icnlowthoersk seropoamrast.e. 56.. AHvaovied acopnhsytsiipcaatlioenxaamnidnadtiroinnk, imncillukdifnrgeelayn. ewxiathmilneaadti.on of the blood before working 7. sHtaipvpelianaregaut lalerasetxaemveinryatitohnreoef mthoentbhlso.od for 3. eTmhoiaseshwohuoldhnaovte daonvthcishrwoonrikc. disease or an 9. TnoTtorrkeetrus rnhzvtoir.az lheaadd lteraadde.poisoning should Q MERCURY riveMs eorfcfurayspisrianthevaavpyo,r sialtveorryd,ilniaqruyidtemmeptearlawtuhriecsh. Iint nismuesteadl-,inmtahneutfraecattumreenotf o-t'caieonldtinoer isnislvtreurmyeineltds-, asi.imoavlszawmitahtiotinn oafndzicnocppfoerr, ainccluemadu-lmateorrcsurayndsoledleerc, tprroedpeasr. adtieonntalofamhaatltgearms's fpurrse,pamraatniuofnacotfureexpolofsimveesr, cury pumps, mercury boilers, and mercury arc occuInrsdufsrtormialbrmeaetrhctunrzy mpeoricsuonryingvapaolrmoo*v*er aalwloanygs ionetroiodtneofsvtsitmeme. thMroeurzchurythecasnkina.lsoMheethoabdssorubseedd for the control of the mercurv hazard are as 1. Have good general ventilation of work room. 2. Rpoeimnot voef omriegricnurbyy vspaepcoiral alnodcal deuxshtauastt vtehne tilation. 3. Soere oththaet rflonoorns-aabnsdorwboinrkgromomatseraiarel. of Tcehmisenits ewsipllechieallryiviemn pooilrtafrnotmbefcloaoursse wmheicrhcuhryavveacpoolrl-'ctcd acrcurv dust. 4. H'-oavnetaifnlionozrs awmamsohendia etvoern."euntirrailiitzewitthhe wefafteecrt of mercurv vapor. 3. tPorocvxindoesetgilowveosrkearnsd. mas.-ts when necessary 6. Kcleoethpinsgt.reet clothing separate from factory 7. Hanadvelolucknecrh rroooomms.separate from work rooms 3. wRootrakteatwoinrtkeerrvsalesx. oosed to mercurv to other 9. Pcorouvraigdee fprreoqpueernt wwaashshiningg.facilities and en- 10. Provide workers. medical supervision for exposed 11. Heaacvhe waorkcoemr pmlaedtee bpehfyosriecawl oerkxianmginwaittihonmeorf ctiuornys manaddehaavt elearsetzuolnacre pahyyseiacral ofexaallmienma ployees exposed to mercury. DERMATITIS are Trheseulntuinmgbeinr ocflaicmassesisofraspkiidn,lyirrinitcarteiaosnisngw. hiAcht tahbeouptresent otfimiendguostvreiranl mdeinsetassetastiasrtiecsdesrhmowatotsheast. Acalstehsouisghv,ertyhesmianldl,iviitduhaals cboesetn offoumnadnydueof tothethsee ltoargbee nigunmobreedr. of cases that the cost is too large for Itthesovahraiopupsensskinthaitrritthaetiroensaraendsefvoerralthecapusuers ipnozsetso otfheditsvcpuessioofn,aztehnety wwhiilcl hbecaculsaesssiftiheed taroecuobrlde-. Irritants may be grouped as follows: fl) aMberacshiaonnisc,alheaotr. pcohiyds.icaacltinaigcenrtasy,. sfuricchtioans. '2' rFelsoinwse,rilnagcciupelarsn.tswo3ondd dtuhset.ir products -- 31 V`ailtalBaagcetenrciiae,s:yeast, moles. i b 1 mMietems,beertsc. of the animal kingdom -- j4 ; CiahlemInicoarlzaanciecntcs:ompounds -- acids, bases, lb; sHalytsd.rocarbons and crude coal tar ic) oOrtohGeurctosr--gaoniilcs. ctoamr.popuitncdhs,. etc. O MECHA.MCAL OR PHYSICAL AGEHT5 menThsetarendhinazvefobreesnevcearsaels hoofurdserwmiatthititsheciarusfeeedt biyn ibrevenwactaesre.s rAepmoortnezd cwerhtearien tihnedimviadnuahlass t*hkeirne enrauvpe tmioilnls.caEuxspeodsubrye teoxpXo-sruarye otro rathdeiumheawt i 1o1f prroodlluincez aatrtoepnhdvenocfy thtoewsakridns, usulcpeerrsf.iciaTl hiinsflraemfemrsatioonnlyantdo esfmfeacllt uaslcearcsutwe heicxhpodsourenottoptrhoedsuecemaatneyriailm*mweidlilatoef c` hoeurps ea,r t pi cruoldaurc epl avceer vwsee rairoeu smseyr es tleymcaotni cc eernneecdt . wi It hn tthoesoeaffoesctaroen ftrneequseknitn.. ThMeecehraunpitcioalnsaborfaspiloanssterceures and nanerers are dependent on mechanical -mta- June 1, 153 S ] vi T he Employers' Group '3 Enginielixc Manual T Pag? 6v ttiaonnceofartehethseurfsakcien odfistehaeses;kicna.useOdf sbpvecliuabl riicmapnotsr. pTehrissomnaaly cbleeadnolinneesbsy athned uasevooifdignlgoveosf anedxpporsoutreec. --Thteiisee friarssht esis adreuegetnoertahlely pslpuegagkiinngg ooff ttwheo ksminadll; tive creams. In connection with the vital agencies, such as lgelaasndofatthetheworrokoetrss.of Tthhee hseacirosndondutehetoarmmeschaannd sinkfinormirarittiaotniownsill cgaiuvseedanbiydebaaocftewrihae,rethterofuobllleowminavg ipcaanl icilnejsursyustpoentdheed siknintheprcoudtutcinead lubbyrimcaencthsa. nTichaisl be Manetdicicipaal telidt:erature reveals common occurrence pcoamrtimcounlarantdypteheofmodsetrmliakteitliys ewnchoicuhnteisredthebvmtohset bamutocnheersi,celatchreeaomperhaatonrdsl,erbsa, kebrese,t oislugwaorrkwerosr,kemrsa, emnog-iinetoer parenvdenatl.so the one which he can do the cahgieniswtso. rkseorasp, mfaekrteirlsi,zertallmowakerresn,tiertsa,r cewddorksteorrs CleIatnlminaevssboef ctohnetrwoollrekderinshtohueldfobleloiwnisnisatemd aunpnoenr.. ainnd whstormeet thseweespkeinrs. isInexpicoesedcretaom rowckorkesraslt, ^tacat-hwinigth acocilommmuosdt atbieonos nfoar tlhibeerwaol rksecarsle.in cKoont faeneddinwgattehre, hsaailtr fionlfleicclteisonwiitsh soarigdantiosmsbenodrumealltyo wCaotnesrt.anstoapre, maonvdalscorufbominegtalbrupsahreti.c- leasre ferossmentitahle. ocnonttahcet bwoidthv athned siknino. utsIinde bedeirt. stuhgaatr cwomorekserisn, otoil thbey sfkiilntr.atiTonhe isusneecoefssparroytectotiveavosoidap irorritahtainodn .p-iargaatriobnoiflosrmairneg acacuusletdurebysusiutagbalre dfourstthaendgropwertsh cmrueacmh stofoerliemxipnoastuereoiltoactnhee ooril ooilr bgorielsa.se will do oofpetrhaetsoerso, rgitanisismsasidontothbee bdoudey tsourafnacein. feIcntiolnathoef ttihiaetmpiineurctee wthoeunskdisnminadtehebycosumrsaell opfietchees woformk,etoarl FLOWERINGPRPOLDAUNCTTSSAND THEIR tboy thoiel sweahliicnhg ucopmoefs oirngacnoisnmtasctinwtihthe htahier sfkoilnli,cloesr inclTuhdee irmedporwtaonodt . wtoeoadks, pcroocdouucotliov.e ooafk.deErmxtartaictitss tcooldorgsatonriasmges wbeoirnkgersd,epiot siistedprothbearbelybyduthee tooill.owin- aanndd rlaecsiqnuserss.uch Tahse cfaoslhleoww,inavanpillalan,ts reaslisno dhuasvtes ecrheadngbeosdiyn rteesmisptearnacteurdeu. eIntootshuedrdoecncuapnadtiofrnesquitenist. cmaaulste, dcetlreorvu.blceh, omsuocmhileas. falasxp.arhaogpuss,, gbraarilney daunstd, oalrsgoa,niasmnsatnuorraml aloluytcfoomuned oofn tthhee wskoirnk gient awfhoiocht pqut irle, thIrnumc,onrniceec,titoonbawccitoh, stuolmipe, op:ritmhersoesei,rraitnadtiojonsn, hthoeldwoasrkthise droenseu.lt of the conditions under which pr.aercteiscsualravrlyto tchheancgaesethoef owccouopdas,tioint . is Tseoamketwimooeas meaEtryasnipdeiaos.hd. mcaryabbebicteasu,sedscbraytcthhees hafnrodmlingAsohf i- a decided irritant to the skin :n the form of dust. In the case of chestnut, there is found a bhoonuerss aandchabruatcctheerrisintigc onfuprpolriks.h-Nbiiutheinretdwneesnst,v-wfoiuthr smyasrtekmedatitchicefkfeenctisngsuocfh thase hskeaindaocfhetshembaayndasppaenadr srewsetlloinfg,theextheanndds . oTvehre thlyemipnhjurgeldanAdsnguesruaalnldy tehne fromIn tthhee acabsseoropftitohne oefxtrtahcetsesasnedntiraelsinosi,l. cashew ltawrogetoars.dixbewceoemkse. tender. The attack may last from noiultsiscuosnetdaintoancoliorrritoarntproeiskercvaellevdancilalradipool.ds Tahnids inseIcntscothnenreectihoanvewibtehendecrmasaetsitiosf craausshedapbpyeasmrianlgl tish.usalsiso,thuesesdoufrocre aof liarurnitdartyionms adrkueingto ivnakn.ilwlah. ilIet oenngathgeed foinresahrmov,elbinaegxsd.ryhaAnadss. Oanndexfaacmeisnaotfionmeonf oththeernuntsutsa.re Tuhseed oails fsruobmstictuastehsewfoirs atlamkeonnduspanbdy Sthiemisloarresc,asaespaoracsciutrerewdasindimsceonveernegdagaendd iindelnouaAdiendg. tahcehessv. steTmhi.s aancdcowuinlltscafoursesotomxeicofefftehcetstraonudblheeaedn sthacisk,s coafsespehasavferobmeenMorreopcocrot.edInfrcoomnnfeocotidonmwitietsh, .lcionugnttehriesd mbavtelraiuanl dsrhyouwlodrkreursb. thOepirerahtaonrdss hawnidth- sduegrsarwmhiictehs,inhfeasrtvelostadms iotefsguaanndo.frTohmerethehavreedbespeni vabasleolignleovebsefdoruerinhgantdhleinogpethraetiopnrosdauncdt, wwaesahr csauriet- walhsoichcamseisghrtepboertdeude ftrooma mthitee haapnpdelairnigng oof nfotwhel fullvLaacfqtueerwrsardarse. frequently the cause of derma birdP. robably the most common cause of derma L- %titeirsv. siTmhielarvairnnisehffefcrtomto ctehretaipnoisloacnquseurmatcreesanids titisAcairdes thperocdhuemceicaelitahgeerntsb.urns or. in larger pIro.idsoo-nChIvinya., tIhne cpeortiasionnoluascqiunegrrsedfrieonmts Bhuarvmea baenedn ahmydoruoncthsl,oruilcc,ernsi.triTc haendacstuiolpnhuofrictheareacmidosresulcihkelays fTohuenrde htoas bbeeenhaarmcfausel oafftdeerrmonateititshoruepsaonrtdedyebayrsa. ttohabne ininthtehenantuatruereof o3f sblouwrn-sdevofeloapcicnigdednetsrmraattittiiesr. sqeulelerr oonf ttohve ccaanneess. froImn tthhee hcaasnedloinfgexopf otshuerelatco Isnkinthien sceavseeraolf wtahyes. baIsnesw, etahke saollkuatiloiens theenvteremtuhel the various plants, the prevention is a matter of sify the skin fats and render the skin less resist- Pir 63 ] "- WWW -'SV / ) T h e em ployers' G roup > en g in eerin g Manual [ June 1, 193 3 aanlktaltoiesthiencaltutdaceklyoef, opthoetarshsubasntdancliems.e. TThheessetromnag manoyrecaisnef,orwmhaetrieonskfirnomirrtihteatieonnziniseerres'porretpeodrtsf.roImn terials dry the skin and act as solvents as well. Thu3 the fingernails become cracked when the ddvyees,isthtehaetncgainueseedr sthhoeutlrdoutrbylet.o find out what the hapanpdearisindipplpasetdereinrs,succehmesnotlumtiaokne. rs,Tbhreiscek lleasyieornss, IRRITANT DYES DYED FURS minassoonmse, smtoentealcuptltaetresm, .briTckhemmakoesrts,commomdeolnlerosccaunrd rence of this is the cement workers' dermatitis. A SBulsdmaanrkIYBrown Napchol Yellow Dp imPheethnyyllenpe dpihaemniynleene diamine ( rtoaschemapenpteadrus stonor tohnatthpearfteetofif ththee bwoodrykeerxwpoasdeeds .DArimruedioh-.yAlz-.oAmBeldnoz-eAnerooenzene AAzmoindoyepshenols IRRITANT RUBBER itnhesomftorceemcoemntmionnletyakpey. shoes. A chronic lesion is PMicarlaicchAitceidGreen Methyl Violet HighlAyCCIrEriLtaEnRt ATORS hanCceydanbidye tihse apsrkeisnenicreritoafntl,imheu.t itAsrsaecntiico,n cishleonr DMiepthaennilylYBelllaocwk Bare HAnexilainmeethyiene tetramir.e o & p toluicine itnroeu, blceo.balt, magnesium and nickle may cause OMraarntignes IYI ellow Fucnsm Acid pm N&ilrrpospohednimyleetnheyldaniaimiiri.nee is aCshtrroomngiuomx,idaiszicnhgromagiecntacaidndoraasfraeqbui-ecnhtrocmauastee SWpaitnetr BBlluuee m & p toluene diamine MODERATE TOXICITY oiufmskipnlalteisniao,nsc. hrIotmies ncoatnendinmg osatndoftleinthoingrcahphroinmg EEorsyitnhiosin Phloxin a .nAalpdtehhyyldaemianmemonia methyl aniline icnhdruosmtreiedsi.es, Iptaiinstearslsoandobdsyeerrvse.d Thineremhaakveersbeeonf cases reported for dermatitis in susceptible per SAaclrriadninine Red Chysoidine MB entahpytlhenole dianilide Diethyl dlihio carbamate hsoanzsarwd,orikt inisgnoencebsslaureypriinnttsh.e cAaspereovfecnhtiroonmeofptlhaits APaurraa-nnriircTaniline Red Resorcin Green Mdetihamylinpe phenylene LOW TOXICITY itnalglytoacvreonstsilathtee tthoep toafnkthbey tadnrakw, inigo afiar rhaosrizpoons VSuiclptohruiar BRleadck DDil--oo--ttoollyvll eutrheyalene diamine swibolren. ruFbrbeeqruegnlot vaeps,plaicparotinosnsaonfd vsahooelisnes.hmouelndthboe- Soluble Acid Azo Dyes NOT IRRITATING PDhipehneynl yelththyiloeunreeadiamine Xanthate ltahteumdasnazlevre otof tuhlecenraotsieona.nd Mhaannyds ogfretahtelystraendduacreds protective creams for this use will greatly mini Vat dyes ILnodgawnotohdreae ayes GMuearcnaapdtionesbenzothiazoi Piperidine derivatives mizIen thceonhsaizdaerrdin. g this matter of dermatitis, it FCuustctihc Hair Dyes MISICRERLITLAANNTESOUS Chrome aappdeearmrsatitthiast aamlmonogst theevepryerssounbsstawnhcoe amreaysucsacuespe MOST IRRITANT FCohrlmorainldaetehdydHe ydrocarbons mtibalye.be Tdhifefemreantterfioarl dtihcaetremntaypercsaounsse, bthuet itnrocuabseles Tpol.Auemnmeodidaimphineenylamine BGaaksoeliiintee Phenol-Formaldehyde vwehnetrecoitnt3acotbseTrvheed utshee oofnlyrupbrbeecraugtlioovnesi,s ptoropterec pDia.Ammidinoo pahimeneothlsy iaanndilinteheir 3eRnezsoilns tcilveeanclirneeasmss isantdhe abegsrteamt edtehaold oof f cparrsevteontpioenrs. onael MiScurolpdhioanmicm.aociccosmpounds Chiorodiamines MSterrocnugryacsiadlsts or acid anhy dr.des wanoyulodf, tahlseo,joubrsgewhthiechusaereofknporwotnecttoivebecrceaaumsess oonf Hednianma,iniels morixepdyrowgiathilol StTong calcium chionce Mime acids spklaincedirroitnatipornosp.er Twoaoshminugchfacinilsiitsiteesncwehiccahnnwoot ublde AAmmiinnoo apnhiseonlyel or pnenetoles napthy amines PCehrrcohmioicnc3ciadcid Strong metallic salts manedantoawnelasd. eqIunatesosmueppclyaseosf, htohte wcaotnerd,itwioinths smoaapy Chioroamino phenols o Tannin solution cbleothaezszrfaovrataedcobnysidtehreablweeapreirnigodooff dtiirmtye. wOonrkjoinbgs PHOSPHORUS wshhoeurled thheereinhsais3tebdeenthattrouthbele mfreonm wdaesrhmautiptis3, nidt repoTrhteerde ihnavtehebeuesne coafsews hoiftephpohsopshpohroursuspouissoendtnizn cinhgantzhee thpeliarntc.lothTehsebreefosrheoueladtinbge aandcbleeafnorelolcekaevr. tmhielitmaarynuufasec,tufriereowformkastcphheos,spihnocre-nbdrioanrzye foarnmds ffeorr sinpacueurifro.zr wthoerkminegn htooursst.oreThtheeiwr osrtkrienegt ccllootthheess =hould be cleansed as often as necessarv to prevent wtilaiszemr. adTe hferoomld wLhuitceifeprh. osstpnhkoer-uasnwawndheriet wmaastcihn the use of this that poisoning occurred. The red A cooonktca-imi iwnaotrikoinngofcltohtehcsak. in from the soiled or oil- phosphorus used in making safety matches and *ilw VHc fi-p QQruij ze jutu i-=u i p a i d e w n i c n is a o w tainAtenxutimlebedryeosf, rmuabtbeerriaalsccaerleeraitteomrs iarnridtahnaisi.r aCyeers fSoormeitrjokfe-tahnevwbakderecasmesatcohfesphoarsephnoorut s ppooistsoonnoiunsz. asoremedeoffintihteeseskminatierrriiatalsntws,hich haavree cgaivuisnegd atroliusbt loef. hmaavneufaocctcuurrer,ed anidn amtattchhe mpraeksienngt atinmde fitrheewreorkiss This i.st is not complete, but we expect to obtain Little exposure in these two fields because of the UKC 195s ] Cl Or>-.J , - : ; T he Employers' Grout ^ Engineering Manual [ 6c c hfoarzamrdislitianrvyoluvseed. wiiT]hperoubseabolyf winhcirteeaspeh, ohsupthotrhuiss adafrokr.mWatbioitne opfhowshpihteorfuusmiess.a Ipt oiws elrufmulinpoouissoinn atnhde enxopt omsuurceh itshalitmciatnedbetodoanefewin ftihremswaavndof thperorevidis c1a/s1e0s ooff pahogsrpahmoruiss spuofifsicoineinntg tiot icsafuosuenddeaabthso. rbeIdn A" - i"fntgorsiudbsVtiitaurtetsheinre thweerpearntiocurleacr ofridesld.ofDaunnyn scatshees of phossy jaw in the manufacture of incendiary ianndthien litvheer e(xwphiircehd iasir.distTenhdeeda;ntiidnottehse c.bolnosoisdt, of one gram of copper sulphates, dissolved in a w btwoombcsasiens trieiepoLrtneidtedin MFartaensc, ea. nTd htehreerearwe etrwe ooneixy halfReadliptehrosopf hwoarutesr.consists of an apparent!'.' am pdoussutrrieasl wsthaincdhposihnotulidn choenncoecntsiiodnerewdithfrothmis amn aitne oodrpohrouansd wishitneot repdhdoissphhobrersocwennt mpowthdeer dawrkithaonudt arinadl. tOhene oitshetrheisuisne tohfe puhsoespohfoarusferitnilirzaetr paonidsona aisndnoctatscehteosntirnereonnlyy afrticatitoenm.peIrtatius rneoat bpoovieso2nGoOuCs,. by-pinrodthuect miannuthfaectmuraenuoffacrtautrepooifsonfeinrtsi:liziteri.s the oWf hceanrbhoenateddioxriaopeidlity itso t2ra6n0sCfo. rimnedan inattomotshpehevrae uprpacwtiicteh tolartadkeantdhe flwohuirteinphtohsephfoorrums oafnda mpiaxstiet porsAsofanordinindaursytriyael llpoowisopnhositphoocrcouurss. only in the wshhiipcmheinst.theTnhebotetxlepdosuorre tuhbeerde aisndinprtehpearmedixifnozr mchirnountiec fpoarrmti,cloecscaosifontehde hwy htihtee apbhsoorsppthioornusof vloenryg 3llniidi chaasnedilsinogf ocfourthsee hmyatmereiaanl.s ofThaedeqcounattreolveinn palhtoesrphthoeruswoprokiesronhiansg leafftfectthse thexepohseunree.s Cohfrotnhiec tcihlaintieo.n aItn thcleasmseisxeorfs atlnrids nteyapre tthhee pmacaknaugfiancgtumrear foafcet,hebebgoinnneisn. gSwweiltlhingins flaanmdmautlicoenratainodns scolnerotshies otarl tchaereowfonrertshheipemprpolvoiydeeess.freBe emcaeudsiecaolf atnhde dfeacnt gthuemssoaunndd tteneethm, ulocoosuesnimngemannrdanfeasl,linpgaionutevoefn thine tuheactavtehde tpohooths,phiot ruiss npeociessosnairnvg tshtaatrtsteeththrou0g1h aial cteheatnhn, edlsestwruhcictihonbuorfrothwe jtahwroubzobnesthaendchneuemk.erTohues wspoerckteerds aitn vtehrey pfrheoqsupehnotruisntetrravdales. shItouslhdouhled ihne upenrd:erhjearwe btohnee pisromceosrse goofetsenonaffwecittehdoutthafnortmheatiuopn mra*e.ntpiaosnteed, , phroowbaebvleyr, btehcaatusine tohfe thmeaniunftaecrtmuirtetenoft opfartnse. w Thhoenrees ihsuta wreimtharlkoacballe dbersittrtulecntieosns ooff tthhee cphhaorraucstenrecorfostihs ehaws-oeTvke. r nboeesnerifoouusndc. ase of phos ehmonaec,iatdieocnl,inbeutofinapsppeitteiteo,f caollmtphleesxeiosny, mdpitaormrh;eai,t devcA-tiotphmeepnrtseseinnt ttniemefeirntilcioznerneccotinosnidweriathblethewnheitwe itshisvemryatrearrieal tuhnattildecaotnhsidoecrcaubrlse ftriomme ehxaspoesluarpesetdo. rpohcoks.phoIrtuscoisnsbisetisngomf amdeixfirnogm ccrruusshheedd pphhoosspphhaattee Btoecaavuosied oefxpthoesurheorrtoibltehissymmaptteormiasl iwt hiesrenveceersspaorsy raorcekh, eactoekde toanadhisgahndteminpeerlaeicutrriec. Tfuhrenapcheosspwhohricuhs saiiblleo.f Tthheerewoisrknoposspseicbilfeic smhoeudlidcalhetredaotnmeenitn atnhce pitassbeescoomilesthseoltiodp inintoforam.wateTrheconpdheonsspehrorwuhseries wthaey eonf apirneeveerntsiuosnpeocftsextphoesruerei.s Ienxpanoysucraesetsowlhiegrhet wtrhanerseferirtedis umndeeltredwaatenrd tothaenstesaymphjoancekdeteidntoketatlne pHhoomsephOortnucse.fulPl adrteitcauillsarshaottuelndtihoen rsehpoourltdedbetopathide ovatsh.ersyjpahcokenteedd inkteottlaen, oftihlteerretdantkhrforuogmh whehaivchv ictanis twoorwkehrest.heIrsoolratinoont odfenthtael pcroacreessis anfudrnviesnhteidlatitohne dphipopreuds iasnhdeapvoiuerredthainntowamteorldist. sSininkscetothtehephboost htiyonmweailnlsmoifniemxihzaeu, sht uht onoodts,elainmdinaaetenetrhael vheanzatirlda. tdoemtailosf tohfe tthuebeoapnedratthioenwmataeyr svtaanryds coonnstiodpe.raTbhlye O ifsroam ppolsasnibt iltiotyploafntc,ohnusitdeitraibsleobevxipooussurtheatinthtehries The utilizationROofCfKurnVaGcOeOsLlag in the form of partIincucloanr nteycpteioonf winidthusttrhyis. material and proper swivoeol tfhoart inthseulaftoiromn eprurmpeotsaelsluhrgasicaBlecboym-eprsooduecxetenis tiinetseroefst thbeecaduifsfeeroefntthkeinfdasctofthapthotshpehowrhuiste arpehoosf nrioowusmnaanmuefsacstuucrhedasdirroecckt awnodol,mmarikneetreadl uwnodoel.r evtca. plihgohrtusis. wvehrivchpobiescoonmouess ayneldlowthewrheedn pehxopsopshedorutos Ianil isnpsaucleastinins thhoeusoeust,erthiwsalmlsataenrdiala iscobvleorwinng ilnatiod i(nobatacinloesdedbyvehsseealtiinsg athneonw-phoitieso' ntoousabwohuetn23p8ureC.. dinoswunlatiend.theThaettriec issoctohnastidtehreabhleoudseustis ecxopmospulereteliyn somVeVwhhitaet ptrhaonsspphaorerunst whhasitethweaxa. pipsesaorialncaendofcana wtiiaeiisb. lowTeinstgs oinfditchaeteintshualtateinvgen meaxtceersisai!ve inctoonctehne haet 2cSu7t Cw. ith"aheknniefex.posIetdmteoltstheat li4g4htC.itanbdecobmoielss tarcattiioonnswohfenclainssjewctoeodl idnotonoatmmpr.onds.ucAenifmibarolsusthraet ibdrloyw, nciasthchveseiiaoswf.irWe, hsiptoenptahnoesopuhsolyrusin otxhiedizaeirs wraitph hdaovneotbesehnowexapnoysesdigntoificthanet dpuhsytsiocfalthcehanrogceks. wItooisl ?J5f D] The Employers' Group onuort coopninstiiotnutethaat seexripooussuroecctoupraotciokna-wl oodlisdeausset dhoaezs aarred: ehxopwoseevder,toithiisghto cboencdeenstirraetdiontshatofwthheins mduesnt othfatclraeimspsiraittoriss bveerywoprno.ssibTlheisthisatbepceaoupslee inmiccahset ebxrcinegssivoeutamthoeuntfsacotf tthhiey duhsatvewhbicehencoenxtapionseldittlteo, pifroavniyd,efdr.ee silica and that no protection had beeD i3 Malleable cast AirNonNEisALmIaNdGe by the annealfnz cp>ofswithioitne. caTsht eirreonarwe ittwhion daisctienrcttaifnorrmans,gethoef bcloacmk hwehairtet ahnedartwhmitaellehaebalret. casItn itrhoen, mthaenufwahcittuerecaosft itritoen oisrep' acfkoerd sienveirraoln doaxyi3de aitmaill tesmcapleeroartuhreemoaf 5ti0o0n toof 5t5h0e dceegmreenestiteCeinstifgorlaldoew.ed Tbhye thdeecroemmpoovsail hofazmarodst coonf nethcetedcawrbiothn. theThoepreeraitsionn.o particular ironIn ththee pmacakniunfgactmuarteercifal blias ckanheianretrt mmalalteearbialel suuscehd saos tshaantdnoonr ecionfdethrse. caTrbhoen inweirllt bme arteemriaolveids except that on the surface. ben sand is used ?asrdthceonpnaeccktiendg wmiathteirtisalusteh.ereThise csoannsdideisradbrlye, haanzd ainmoduunmt poifngdutsht.e annealing pots there is a large annIefalsinagndopiseruastieodn,asthea ppoatcskisnhgoumldatebreiadl uimnpeadn ushnoduelrd ahheoohda.ndlIefd,thiisn isannoitsofleaatseidbler,ootmhe bcvastminegns wa efaoruinmdrryespwihraetroersa. n''wy haennneevaelrinagn eisngeianreneerdinsooneehtes sinhgoutlhdatdeisscruibseed inanddetathile :mbeannnaetur rein owf hthtceh piatckis handled. 3 "'S'elders are exTpoCsTeLdDItoHGelectric shocks and bthuornusg,h rathdeianqtueesnteiorgny,oig3ssheos.ckfsumaensd ahnudmdsusits. nAolt oitnemwizhhttchbeinwvoellvl etso omcceunptiaotino,nainl dpiassesaisneg,exspoomseuroef, tshheoupldrechaeutcioanresfuthl atto csahnubt ethtaekecnu.rreTnht eoonpewrahtioler cthheamnziwnzhileeletchtreoydeasr.e aIltiveis udnalensgsertohues otpoerraetmoor vies ignlosvuelas,ted"ft ferlodmers tshheougldroualnwdayosrstwanedarsonindsruylaftoinogt itniogn. shInoucldasebeoafiveelenctarticonscheo.cFk,orarptrifoitceicatliornesfpriorma p*oesasriblae bpurortnesctfirvoem aapiroobnu.les.Sothmee opopereartaotor rsshoaullsdo wnreea-rresleisgtgiinnagsmaatnedriasll.eevAeletgsauonftlelteattynpeer oofr zoitohveer, ptercetfieornabolfythoef hleaantdhefrr.om3 sthoemeatricmreasvsusaendd fsoprlapttreor oafgaimnsotlterandiamnettael nearngdy isspawrkesl.l reTcohgenizperdo.tecIttioins v Engineering Manual [ Jztnt 1, 193 3 simmpelodrstainnt tihoer twheeldaesrssu'rehdelmtoetrseaslihzoeultdhahtethoef szuiacsh3 vcoiomleptosriatyios.n tIot isannsoorth a tqheuesitniforna orfedjusatnda puiletcrae opfurccohlaosriendg gplraosst,ecatinvde ceaqrueipshmoeunltd tboe meaxkeercicseerdtaiinn itthamt eiestsofwteitnh osvtearnldoaorkdedspiescitfhicaattiwonesld. ersO'nheelpDoeirnst, csurapnpelieodpewraittohrssuaintadbloethweresldienrs'thgeozszhioeps. should be nectUenddweriththwe elodcicnugpawteiohnaavle d<iTseiasgeasehsa. zia2rdj sfucmoens m d dust. Under the first heading of zases there is ,excpoonssuirdee.rabTlehedrieffeisrenncoe oqfueosptiinoinonthraetzaorxdiidnezs thoef ninigtr.ogTehne,reozhoanvee, mbaevenhseomfoermdeedathauxcainsess arrecpowretledd wgeinth pseyromxpitdoemps osisiomniilnagr , towhtehroesethceaumseedn bwyerneiteron gvaegryedrairne aarncdwietld3inpgo. ssiHbolewetvheart, ththeersee iscaasesquaerse tbieoenn opf roivneddivitdhuaatl dsuasncgeeprtoiubsilitcyo. nceInt trhaatisonnseveexfr nwietlrdoignegn aorxc.idIets isoral0m2oosnte ccearntaibne tgheant'eirtatisednobtyptohse stribolgeentooxgideenseroarteozaonnyes afpropmrectihaeblaeceatymleonuentweolfdinnig dame. to gTahse psoiitsuoantiinogn fartomtheweplrdeisnegntopteimraetioinns rseegeamrds tgoivbene tohilatinthwereeldiisnganwihrircihtatminagy gcaasusoef fsaotmale lsuonrgt icrornitfaintieodnsspaamceosn. g ^ceerthaaivne ifnoduinviddumalasrkwedorkcainsegs ionf oraxtvhzeern pooernlcyievnecnvtilaatmedonbauilwdienlgdse.rsThweorbsuaiilrdzingins wfienreed nsoptacsem, aalnl denfooruihthisso reasasoton bae gcraelalet ddeaalcoonf ventilation is necessary in connection with weldmz operations. 2. BFyumfuemHeazhaarzdard we refer to the fine metallic omravmicnoemrael ofrxoidme vthoelatmilaizteerdiablsy hwee3ltd.eTd,hefsreomfumthees ccooaatnmnzzss ooff ththee elmecattreordiaelss. wTehledemd oastndserfirooums htahze aprodisotnhiantz. mTavhe bseymepntcoomusntaerreedcoliisc, tchoant stiopiatlieoand, winrsiasnt itdyr.opT,hleosms oosft asperpieotuiste,canseersvoofuslneeasds paonidsoenvinegn fmroetmal wtehladtinzhahdavbeeeonccuprariendtedamwonitgh mleeand cuptatiinntg. Mthaengwaenledsienzis raodpocsosiabtilnegss.ourcIne ofthpeoisgoansi-nsngiefirdoemd tmvapnezaonfeseelecwtrhoidche cmoaaytingbe thveorleatilisizecdo.nsidAemraobnlge itshethme oornelvcocmaumsotinc tmvpeetasl otfhaetlecmtriozhdet bceoagtiinvgesn tohSis. oxIidne tfhuemeswealrdeinzgiveoaf ogffalwvannicizhedcaumseatezirniacl,cf_eziiinlsc, faogruteaboler amnedtasl-ofmumeteimefesvebrr.iefiTvhiGsisiasolvinegr,y ouuntconmot caoblnesidafetreerd efdfaenctzse.xous and aces not have detect In connection wd:a weid.ng in cocaseo spaces. J:ir,c 1, 153 3 i he Employers' Group it ha? been found that these men show x-rnv plates wthheicphreasrecntvetirmy esiimt iilsarrotnosiitlheorseed othf astiltihcoissisc.ondAit etinotn!'-isinnogtoosdilhiceoal-tihb eacnadu ssehowthenomepnredairsepoaspitpiaorn ttoiont.ubietrcius lowseisl.l thHaot'..weveeldr,erbs ecaaruesenootf etxhpisosceodndtoi sinilgicosshisouplrdodnuo*c,inlgie dudsotn. e Finor tthheis orepaesnonf,oaurncdrwyelodr iitn wetohuelrd dmusatkyelotchaetiomnsa.n'sFrcoomndiaticolnaimapspteaanrdpmouincth, wweobr-her.izt heexphoasdurae siwizohutldindmicaakteiontheof x-l-iriac\osips.latthees mbethr ch'. ewdoartsethtehapnrestehnet ctiomneditthioant trheeal.lxy-rawyans.nJIitn.iss iantio'-n'eiodfertshearleunpgsrofhraobmlvirdoune otxoidae. harmless color is bPasreodpeurpocnontthreolfoollfowthineg hparzeacradustiofrnosm; <1w1clAdiennztilztIinona.ll shops there should be ample ventilation. Ege'-ncndeifniciceonmcypahraavteivbeelyen laforzuends.hIonpscocnafsiensedofspoarxeys vitenwtiilllatbieonfoiusndabcsholeuatpeelyr annedceessaasrieyr. tIon umseosetxhcaausset; hthoo-dbsespt larceesudltsa.s nIetaris tmheucwh osrkimpal;e'-potsosibrelemofvoer tthlrantamtoeschfaronmge thteheaiar irat itnheapolainrzteofrogoemneraottiteorn, icanmmbist.th to keep the concentration whhin sate shop2.;, Faonr egffailcviaennitzefdi,lterw-toyrpke rinespiwrealtlor vweniltlilaptreed sen3.t Tzihnec ushseakoefs aoirr amzausek.s will zive complete protom-I.,oAnnfvrommanduswt,itfhumaeschaenstd cooxlydtmsnhoduelfdi'-iheen-yv.ery auboenaur.avtegivalvparnoitzeecdtedwowrhkilehewsehldoiunlzd. wIfeahre ahna; atior ruo=3k.. For work in a rather poorly ventilated shop wco'hmerbeintahteioren ifsiltneor-tdyapnezearndof cohxevmziecnal-d!}erp.cciernec;-p-'.:raator6.wTilhle gwiveeldseartissfhaocutoldryhapvroetescotmioen.idea of what hanedi? pwroortkeicntizonwithaccsoorhdeingmlayy. pHlaen hsih;ovueldntilkantioown wwihtehthleear dorpnaointtthoer mnoatt.eriIatl ihseoibsvciouuttsintzhaist pifaihneteids w'eonrtkiiiantziownithis angecaes-ssshaireyldtehdantypweitohf ethleectsrlord.ge-;'mniocrlde type7.. In stainless steel welding using a rod with a ca]rjum fluoride flux, there are very obnoxious fumes riven off and the local exhaust hood or air mas8k. sIhnoucladsebea uaste3dn foisr porvoetreccotmioen. he should be 'kteopptpeda,bsaortliuftiecliyal rcepsjpieitr.atioUnnlsehssouldbrneoatthhinezrivbe.nas. Th,2 9 liable to favor the formation of water in tthhee lpuantri.entAshdooucltdor nsohtoubled ahlelowcaeldledtoatsiot nucep. analdtolfiopuoz'insohneinmr airvomappirerairtattmo zherarseecsovsuercehd.as Itnhe cao;xe ides of nitroren. the pulmonary conzeslion may Engineering Manual [ P-?r 5e sIent cinonfnreocmtiosnix wtoithtwtehnetvp-rfeocuaruhtioounrss, awfteerweoxupldosulirkee. to bring out that in most cases there is not an oatuitosntsa.ndbuint r uhnadzearrdcerctoaninneccotendditwioitnhs wtheelrdetr.mr aovpebre adavteioryn dtaongmearokues icsonthdeitiponro. viTJihnez moafinanreacdoemqmuaetne a\emnotiulnattioonf aoirr atior tmhaeskwso. rkmen, either b'. exhaust e There are three SkInLoIwCnOSfaIcStor: unon which the dev1e.loTphmeenatmoofunstilioctosifsreedepsielnicdas:;n the duM. 2. dFinveisicoonnctnentthraetiaotnr borfeadtuhsetd.in a state of fine 3T.heTheauedsutriaotnionnaotuf reaxiipvosuarriesetso sasuchto awnru,M3t. is silica. Silica is the oxide of the mineral element, silicon, which is a constituent of more than half the rocks and mineral; that form the earth's crust. It is important, in view of what is known about tlie disease, silicosis, to distinguish between silica in the free st3te and silica in the chemical com bination with soda. lime, maznesia. metal oxides and other basis. These compounds of silica are knoFwrneeassilsiiclaicaintest.he crystalline form is practical!'- ysymniotenymanodus cwriistthobqauliatret.z,Qbuuatrtizt ailnso iotsccucorsmmasotnreidst- nitaetuarnadl froocrmk s,quoacrctzu.rs Qa?uasratnzd,is saalnsdostaonlea.rzequcaortmz panodnenrot ttoefnscshtiosnte, . flinItt, occhceurtr,s girnanciteer.taTinripoplriecsiaonud; ziie, mfesictohnpeasr arnodck.in pezmatite d'.'kes u-uallv found natuTrned, vbmutiteareanfdoucnridstcinb 3a;r!t icneta'.'.nvotmaaonuutfuaicatnu!reidn fsoilricafursnuacctie alsinisnilzisc.a Tbh: :cks suobrstarcnfcreasc, 'oarsv wberlilckass spielircaatucrela.ss arc maue hv us:;r.z si.ica at hizh :ert- collCoihdaallcedteornmys anodf rq.iura. :ir:.zir.e` sCrmhaetlicmed.eosnyciasn-ae-rf a5 no ckreydstaelvlein. eamprioptheretieo;ptwichai!chpraorpeervtiiseisbleoftofltihnte anra ufinbderesterinmiienr-e'dn.erscTdhesweithinshtvadnrcaetsedcosnilsiicsat, oof rquOaDratlz. suchSilaiscaoaphalo oanccdurd;iaintomamacocropuhsouesarhthv,drsaotemdetfiomrem; ccaasllielvd skolleusbellezTtihhra.n qTuhairstz.tvpe of silica is more stateQ?uaorftztheroUcknitie-d fSotuanteds, ianndnesaarnlydsthoanlef isofprtehse ehnotweinvepr,racatriecalplvrodalulc. eSdancd'nsiteofnlve ainnd Iallbionuonisd. sMan;ds-, V-oiurrzin. nNae. wTJVcersstevV. iNrzeiwn'iaf o r3kn.d O7hiois. cPoncsninns.vlvaniz. couD is.kueolier.taocnosusof emaritchr,c-swchoincihc ai*quraotmicpop'learni tsof d:Piia- tioirme-zoni.s Npreevsaednat. inI tdaebp. os77itashloincaz''eodn. irL. oLnani-,'fcofr.m'uat,. Maryland. New Hampshire. New k ork. \ irzir.ta and Florida. c i h e E m p l o y e r s ' G r o u p ^ E n g in e e r in g ?>1a n u a l [ June 1, 133 S USES OF SILICA AbscroausirviengUsaesn; d polishing soaps and powders. Sandpaper Sandblast Work. Maetnadl PHoulifsfhining,g. Burnishing SaMwianxgbieanadnd PGolrisahniinteg. TVBhueh'srtsotncers.e. s.Gpnunidpssttcorn.eess.. 0 .stones. Tobe ?rlills. Listahnodg.rapher's g r a i n i n g Tube Mill Grinding Pebbles. In tooth powders and pastes. tVnoondishpuo^li.shing and Reinframctaoxriinegs usisleicsa: nre bricic and ether refractories. MeIntailmurankicnagl Usisleics:a, ferrnsoifliceotnherandmestiuicsonsucahi!o>ass copper. Foundry-rr.c:d wash. Foundry Parting sand. ChAesmaiclailninIngdfuosrtraiecsid: tow err- qanudartzmitea.ssivAes aquafrilttzerinogr mceeoduisumeamrtahssivaenduiamtoomoaliufolarmr qauasratnzd, orfineqluyargtrzaitne, ftionmelaycegoruosuenadrthtriapnodii, otdhiaer forms of silica. Insocituhme simlicaantuef.acture O Ingiazt?hse. manufacture of ?airt As an inert extender. MAosrraaiwoFoidliefrieller. izers QTuYaPrtEzS, OQFuSaIrLtzIiCteA. UFSlEinDt, TCrhieprotli aSnadndsDtoinaeto, tnaSceaonuds, sEtaarteths.: all in finely ground QSaunadrtszt.onQe uaarntdziteS. anFdl:int csiozaerds.ely ground and closely Qstounaret.z. anQd uaSratznidte,, prSeasnsedd into sharp angular grains uniform in size. Gforromusndof tgrriopuonlld sainlidca. other Sinhtaorpvarciloeuans edsizessa.nd grated fMinaessivtoe samnoddsetornateelfyr-mcovaerrsve grain. Chert flint and quartzite. Mratehdeiur mcoatroselyfingerousnadndsilicoar and Tripoli. Round flint pebbles. fVinaerliyousgrfoournmds. of pure silica m.Meldiufmormfisneneosfs. silica to Fasairglyanpisuireer: qunaorttzilteesskntohwann l5o7crktingsilgircaainstidghestilryed. inter Mcderateiv pure 53nd mas ssitvoenec.rysqtuaallritnzeiteq,uarotrz, scahnerdt. .MHaasssiavemqeu!tairnt?z abnadsicquaorrtezs-. Ganrdoumndpclis.andstone, quart: Gtrripoouini.d send and zrravei Ppuurree ptruilovoelrlizaenddqudaiarttozmsaancde, ous earth. Pure quartz sand. Finquelayrtz graolsuondnneciryysgtraolluinnde stannoaosltie.ne, and sand and qFuinaretizy, qguraorutznidte, cSrienstta:irl:ipn-e oii and o'.n.er n-pcs 01 ground silica. iiC3 0' all insecticides Firlulebrbser, in prersusbebder,mohldaerdd getoco.ds, phonograph records, Romaidxtausrpehs.alt surfacing Ceurnadmeirc Uthsees wworhdichMcinoemreasl Fillers above. PoitntgerrsedienIntduosftrybodieass anadn glazes. Manufacture of Glass Manufacture of fuse cord, cPhuebmes,iccarluacpibplaersaatunsd sduicshheass. DeIcnoratthivee mMaanteurfiaaclsture of gtoepms,s, vcarsyesst,al anbdallss,tattaubelse, rrooscek qucarrytszt,alc,itrianme eqtuhayrsttzs,, samgaotke,y qucharatlzc,edcohnr.ysoporpaasle, onyx, sardonyx, jasper. Insulation Hboeialetrsi,nsfuurlantaiocnes afonrd pkiinlness,. Sobuenrdw ceinnsuflloaotirosn, etinc. walls, strSuacntdu-riaimi e mbantecrxi.als Fotlhinetr, atrmipooripi haonuds scihiiecr3t, parned fveerrryed;puarlesosiolitchaer afilormfisneloyf ground. Pure Quartz sand. pVreerfyerrpedu.re massive cuartz mMaacsesoivues aenadrth.ground ai.vtoMdiaatsosmiveaceaonuds geraoruthn.d aMnogduelarrateslaynd ppurroebasbhlayrpfiner athasmn a1l0l pmeerschenttaoggeethoefr fi-ni.etlhy pulverized silica. 5ili: 3 dust appears e*peciallv in hard mrk m ininz. veavatinz. tunnelling. blasting, etc.: Gran 11& sri'i ;j ite au arrvin g. m etal G rinding, sano hlr.st- ins. poit ture ot anrastve p ow n er. soan stor.e. ana 5<->3 r* stone products m anufactu ring. brick ar.d c u v pro ducts m anufacturing and in certain parts ot :o;:n- drv operation. It a n y also he present in c .r .-sr . lion with arate and enam elware m anufacturing, refactory product* m anufacturing, terra cotta m anufacturing. and in the m anufacture of class in its different forms. 5ilico*Ls. the disease produced by `iiioa. is caused hv breathing the dust. The particle* be com e lodged in the lung tissues where they have an irritating effect which causes the growth of fibrous or scar tissue. ThL* gradually take* the place of the norm al lung tissue and the condition lends to an incr"a*ed susceptibility to tubero.] i05;i. The nn n*aOrUtie. le*Thteoo dis!m?eaalel tnoevbe*e ops *e e n arel v. t hde,e pmenoast !nz ! ion on *>1 tMhiel 2 ca m 0 m u n t the oi fh:i=-t in TU?*. 2nd t *.l ihe air. the r. remor Mean ine?? ar mpoirxtIeTd* . U tIhn 5 m z 11 mar.v arr.oii r.t? diner ent ?i iir 3 k ir.d: moa^rduhne. f0un d At heirtz .re1*f\nntroectehnet htei$m! er.n2e: zr^Jt no 15 "di e:a0lntOrtollM: 1r>1'yIV*igr June 1, 193/ ] cu T he Employers' G roup ' >' ngin-eer:ng M anual r - esiflfieccotsiivse hfaozrarad.longThteimfeolalonwd inagre rsutliells ohfaveextrbeemene the Cfoolnltorwolingof retqhueiraermseennitcs. hazard is based upon importance: 1. TVork rooms should be well ventilated 3nd 1. Control dual at the point of origin bv use of wet methods or special exhaust ventilation. aartsetnhiec pdouisntt aonfd ovraipgoinrs bsyhosuulidtabblee reemxhoavuesdt \ bTehceomweastear hsaatzuarradteidf ndoutstredmrioesveodu. t and again ventilation. 2. Work tables with down draft exhaust lentila- 2. Hfinadveoutthenodwusmt uocfh wsiolircka pitlaccoenstaeinxsa.minIfedo\etor tdiuocneds.hould be used where arsenic dust is pro h30e7pcusriiifiicead issofotuhnadt tihne thaemoduunstt tohfe dauisrt sihsoluelsds 3. Arsenic fume- should be eliminated bv p a c ing them through coke anti nitric acid. itnhasnizfeivie pmeirllciounbicpafrotioctl.es >under 10 microns 4. tFoloporresveon!t wabosrkorprtoioonm asnhdoupledrmbiet eoafsvcecmleeannt 3. Saratnicdlebslacsotimnpglestheolyuldenhcelosdeodneorontlhve wwitohrktehres protected by positive pressure helmets. ing. 5. Receptacles for arsenic compounds should be 4. Aasltoefrtneanteas dpuosstsyiblwe.ork with non-dusty work of metal to present breaking or leakage. 6. Overalls, gloves, and masks should be sup 5. HX-arvaey aexpahmyisniactailonexoafmitnhaetiolunn,gsi,ncolfudailnlg eman plied to workmen when necessary. 7. Floors of work room should be cleaned daily poldoicyeeXs-rabyefoerxeameimnaptliooynms eonft, thaendluhnaavse op earlil vbaycuwumashcinleganedro. wn with water or with a eoxnpeoyseedar.workers at intervals r.ot greater than 8. Ptorowpoerrksmaennitaarnyd fatchielyitiesshosuhlodulbde heencsouuprpalgieedd 6. bSluabsstitnitgu.te steel shot for sand in abrasne in the practice of persona] cleanliness. 9. Physical examination should he made of all T. Lse approved respirators against silica dust for short exposures. ethmennlotvheeerseabfteefroraet lweaosrtkionngcewaityheaarrsoenniac.re3gnud lar basis, ARSE XTC POISONING stanAcersewnihci,chtheismheatarml, ieiss:a. bhruitttlep,oisstoenelinggrayoccsuurbs iornoomus evsoelni,d ccoommppoouunndd oifs awrsheinteic.arsTenhiec morostarspeoniis- otruisal aucsied. areThPearbisesgt rekennowannd cSocmhpeeoiuen'sdsgrienenincdoums vpoipsoedrs ofhamviixntgureas yoefllaorwsenciocloarndancaoppcehra.racAterrsiesntiicc garlic odor are given off when arsenic compounds are Ahresaetneidu.retted hydrogen gas. an extremely pois douncoeuds wgahsenwiatchidns oacctoolonr maentdalsa cboandtasinmienlgl, airssepnrico. presAerrsveinnigc fucrosm, pfeoautnhdesrs,araendussekdinsi;n wihnednusrterymoivn ienngamheali;r fdreocmolohriidzeinsg; mglaakssinganadrticfriycisatlal;stoinnesblaancdk oinr gtrheeen cbhreomnzicinalg, itnhdeusmtraynufaancdturpereopfairnisnegcticgirdeeesn, dasyersonapnedr paanidnt.leaTd hceonotraeisn oafrsmenainc.y metis, such por sP ooifs oanrisnegn i co cccoumr sp obuy n bdrse aotrh itna gk i ntgh e a rdsuesnti corc ovma ptnoeunbdosdvintthorothueghmtohueths.kinArifsetnhiec smxainy iasi-obroeknetenr. Wmohriele inarmseendiiccinaendthaitn: icnoimnpdouustnrdys, tanreey uaosesocc:uarr steunfftiicoinentwlyheonfetevner tothewyarmraanyt beextrfeomunedly mcaruesieuiduart ing the course of an inspection. CARBON MONOXIDE tremCea;'r.b' odneamdlovnogxaisd. e Ii;s gaivecsolonrolesssig, nodoo; rlietsss,preexs etunsc.e aItndiscpanrodounlcyedbewhdeentecwteododb. ycosaple.cicaolkea,ppgaarsao lisinein. coomr palentvelyotbhuerrnesdu.bstance containing cartoon It is alwavs found in the exhaust trom gaso ltoinethiretnygipneers ceanntdof itthemcaoxnetesntuopf oardbionuatry twilelunmty itinvaetinggas gaasp.plIitanicsefsouanred uinsedth,e suaicrh wahserireovneirngdemteac cghasinefsu.rnsaocldese,rinegtc.m, aacnhdinews,hehraetieprresmsointgormcaacrhsinaerse, rfoulnlowininggariangdeusstoriress:hoTpess.tinIgt oisf fgoasunmdetaelrsso, irneptahier oaftiognass amnadinesx,plloocsiaotinosn asofingamsinleeask, sc,arbelaosftinfgurnoapceers in factories, in steel mills, and in the distillation of coal tar. timeT.he Obxovdgvenmiusstsuhpapvlieedpletonttyheofblooxoydgebnv amlleathnes ciff ctahrebolunngms otnhorxoiudgeh isthien atihrethaairt. isthberebaltohoedd,tabxuets. it up instead of ox>ger. and the body suffers from osuxdvd; cenn ci toalrlsaaptsieo na. nd Cdaerabtohn wmitohnoouxti daenyc apnrevc aiouuses Tsshnemctoommsm. onbeustt uosfuathlleyse vaarreiouhseadsa'ncihpetse,mdsizzoicnceusrs., drowsiness, weakness, contusion, nausea or vom- ?:<c 3 1 T he E.MrLovEas' Gaout> v tihtienzh. eapda.lpi"tWathienng tohfestehesyhmepatrot,msanadrethfreoltb, bsienrgiouins apiorisiosnirnegacchaend biemamveodiidaetdelya.s a usual thing if fresh is bParsoedpeur pcoonnttrhoel offoltlhoewicnagrbpornecmauotnioonxsid: e hazard 1. cAadrjbuosnt fmlaomneosx, idderafwtsi,ll annodt ebqeuifpomrmenetd.so that 2. aRbelme.ovate tchaerbpooninmt oofnooxriidgein wbhvenspeitciiasluenxahvaouisdt ventilation. 3. Have- the atr of work room tested for carbon mshoonuolxdidneo. t Trehe allcoowncedenttroatiroenachof twtohispagratss in ten thousand parts of air. 4. iFsrouvnjadveoiadlalbslee.--. . ice gas masks where exposure 3. eInnt ininduesxtrcieesss wofhetrweocaprahrotsn pmeornotexnidethoisusparnesd lpaatrotrs sohfouailrd, haen oavxayiglaebnl-ec.arbSopnecdiiaolxiadtetenintihoangmaussthebaetedpaaidppltioanrceedsucainndg gtahseoldinaenzmerostofrrso. m 6. Apelltegnats paeprpsloinans c3esndshuosueldd ohnelyinswt-ahlelendmbavdecobmy hreapnudtaebqlueipmmaennutfaschtouureldrs.be Va.voorindoeudt. orAlslecsounchd equipment should be inspected periodically wanhden anpepcleisasnacrevs. and connections repaired 7. sGvasrtaegmesorshaoruraldngeinsftoarll thae greenmeoravlal voefntgilaastindgi rmeocttofrsromof athuetoemxohbaiulesst pshipoeuldof ntohtebecara.llowThede ttoherugnarafgoer umnolreess ththaenrethairrety spseeccoianldsvewnittihlaint ing arrangements. depTenhdes dmiaaginnolvsisonofexcpaorsbuorne manodnosxvidmeptopmoiss.onTinnge gpaesarcsanfrosemldoitmenhteirfeolyundwiitnhinthefobulroohdo,urass. it Fdriesashp athiroseis eaxlpl osthedat tios cnaercbeosnsarmy onfoorxidmeildandcassenso, wainndg sinhdoiucladtiobnes taokfenfaiinnttnoestsh,e slfereepshineasisr oatr odnrcoew. sinFeossr bacyuttehe cSascehsa, eafertrifmiceiatlhordessphiorautlidonbeinstathretedfreast honacier atonda choonstpinituael.d uInt tiils tthheerepfaotriee,ntescsaenntibael rthematovtehde pberoptaeurghmt ettohoadll owf haopseplywionrgk amrtaifyicibarlinrgestphieramtiomn contact with this gas. METALLIZING the Opnreesmenetthtoidmethfaotr isapbpeliynigngusepdroqteucittievewicdoealytinagt tcoonsmisettsalolifc sspurr3f->a.mcegs misolttheant mofetamletoanllitzhineg.surTtahcies swahrvichtoisclteoanbe thperosteucrtfeadce. tIot bmeays,praalysoe,d bbeynescaensd O Engineeaing Manual [ June 1, 1937. ohrazsatredelwahbicrahsiivsesdiswchuiscshed ineltsroewduhceerse sintillthiasnomthaenr oufal.metTahl ewmireetainlltiozinogxyi-sacdeotynieenbevorfeoedxiyn-ghyadrostgreipn fclaarmriee.a Tfohrewmaredtabl ywdtrhee isfomrceelteodf bthvethgeasflpamreessaunrde toof vtheery sfuirnteacdeustto obrefucmoveesreadre. eTxthreemceolnvchenigtrhataionnd imnatcearsieaslswchoenretaimnaintegritahlesseucshubasstalnecaeds, caaredmsipurmayeodr wthoerrke isis da3nevearyposseirtiivouesprheaszsaurrde. helWmhetersehvoeurldthbies utisoend.whTehries pisoitshoenoounslympeotsaslisblaeremespthraoydedo.f pIrnoteinc sripeedctoiounts inofforrimskastiownhesrheoutlhdisbme poebtaofinewdoraks itso ctahre kuisnedd? atofthme eptarlesesnptrayanedd, atlhsoe tthvepetyopfe porfotpercottieocn twioonrkmtheant. wTahsisuspeadrticinulatrheoppearsattiobny itsheextprreemseenlyt hreaszualrtdoouf sseavnedralsehvoeurres iellxnpeosssurhea.s resulted as the DUST HAZARDS P ABT I "dusTthve lulnigte."ralnotdnenecneistisoanrilyof"dapmr.aeguemdcolnuinogs.i"s inis the past, it has been used as a general term to mdeasyignreasteultabfrnoomrmtahle cionnhdailtaiotinosn ooff tdhuest.lunCgslintihcaalt soibliscearvIaStiio0n.s1 aisndthemmedoisctaldarmesaegairncgh elienmdiecnatteof trt.naer various inorganic dusts. HeaSlitlhicoAsisss,ocaisatidoenn, niesda bdvisetahsee AdumeertiocabnrePatuhbilnigc agicrnecroanltiazicndinigibsriolticica, cchhaanrgaecstearnizde!thaenadteovneicloapllmy ennyt ocafllmy ilbiyaryshor.rotndeuslsatioofn birneatLho,thdelcurnegasse; d acnndesct lienxi pfeavnesri,on.inlcersesaesneedd csauosac'e-pittvibifloitry wotork, tuabnseercnucleosoisi a(nsodmbeyorchaalrlaocftewrihstiicch Xsv-rmapytofminsdinmgasy. be present . traBterieifnltyo, tfhinee lupnagrsticwlehseroef thfreeye asrielicpaicmkeady uppenbey cmeorvtaeinfomreiiggrnatisnugbstcaenllcseswfhroosme fthuenctliuonngs.is Vtoh eren tthheeseamceolulsntcaonfnostilictaakeincatrhee olfunigt,s thiseysudcihe tahnadt btuubieldrcuulopsiscogaersrme s,fibifrep-lriekseentti,ssmueasy finlouwrihshic.h Tthhee tparkoegreassnuofmtbheer doifseayseearsis. geOnnecreallcyonsltorwactaendd, imt aiys ctootnasliddeirseadbiltioty heor pdroegatrhessfirvoemansidlicmo-atyuberrecsuullot siisn. sizeO*nolvne dmuisctropnaretoiculaeLss loenses 2th5a.0n001th0 omf iacnronmsenini athreereffoouren,d coinnsitdheeredluntogs.be lLeassrghear rmpfaurtli.clSeislicoarseis. can be nrevented only by protecting the worker June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group V 33034 Engineering Manual [ PJV ? iioni dust containing free silica and serecite (white mical although no inorganic dust should he con sidered as non-hazardous until definitely proved so. Asbestosis is a disease, in some respects similar to silicosis, caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibres. Its clinical features include the slow de velopment of a characteristic tvpe of fibrosis Ifibrous tissue!. Because asbestos dust consists of fiures. it does not penetrate as deeplv into the lungs as does silica dust. and. instead of killing the migrating cells l.phagocvtesl it lodges in the walls of the bronchioles 'air passages i producing fibrous tissue which tends to constrict these pas sages. Infections, such as tuberculosis, are not so frequent as with silicosis. Asbestos fibres may constrict the blood vessels in the lungs, resulting in an overtaxed heart and heart trouble. An indi vidual may be free from symptoms for a number of years, although exposure of a very few years has produced definite symptoms. The prevention of asbestosis must he accomplished through dust control measures. coniAonsitshrraecsouslitsinagndfrosmiderthoesisinahraelatytipoens ooff cponaelumanod isreonnce ooref s(isliicdae,rittheel sedudsutstrsesppreocdtiuvceely.a fIinne tdhieffuasbe ftiiborno--sis bilnacktheanldungrse,d arcecsopmepctainvieeldy--bydupeigmtoentthae caobliolirtvofretshuelt.subFstraonmcesa. pIranctniceaitlhesrtacnadspeoidnote,s dduiss-t imnayharpdrocdouacl emiannetshruascuoallsyiliccoonstias.ins Mfroeset sihleicmaataintde ores are associated with free silica and can pro duce disability. of tIhtesise gfeonrmersalolyf pcnoenusmidoecreodniothsaist itshebadseevdeolonpmtheenset fla2citoTrsh:e ipl lropTohretioconncoefntthraetiforneeofsildiucsat oinr athsbeesatior:s a(ansd thceonctainseuimtyayofbee)xpionsutrhee. duTsht:er1e3 (mTayileallseongbthe isntadnivdipdouianlt stuhsecepfitrisbtiltihtyr,eebunt,amfreodm faanctoernsginareeeritnhge principal ones.. _ 'portTiohins, otfhefrreefeorsei,licmaeManqsuatrhtazt) thoer haisgbhesetrosthien ptrhoe- bdeustthoef ttohteal acirontcheant triastbiorneatohfeddu, stth. e Olonwethr eshoothuledr hisanlodw, .ifitthise bsielliiceaveodr tahsbatesthoisghceorntteonttal ofcotnhceendturas-t ilmiopnsairomf endut.st Hcaonwebveer,brethaethreed iswaitnhouupt peprhylsiimcailt obfevdounsdtinewshs,icihrrecsepretcatiinve toyfpetshe onfatluurneg ofcotnhdeitdiuosnts, lmimayit disevaetloppresifentthicsondsuidsteyreadi'rto isbebr5e0a.0th0e0d.0.00 Tphairs ticles of dust per cubic foot of air. P art II in nSaitluicroen. Fisreoenesiliocfa tihsesimliocsotn adbiuoxniddaenti SelieOmjenatss dwi-fhfiecrhenatrieatmedetafrlosmaltsphoyfsitohleoghiycaploltyheitniceartl ssiilliicciaotues; aecitihder(ia.es. aCparinSici0p-a,l CcoansAtilt,ueSnit_. orOaOs .an Itimpouccriutrys mganmicosstubosretasn, creosckos,f cilnadvsu,stsraianlds,imapnodrtaonthceer--intohre hheigahltehr htahzeardp.ercentage of silica the greater the D iaQtoumaarctze.ouQs.uEaratrztiht.e.SaFnldi,nta.ndCShaenrdts. toTnrei.po;5lii. ianre ctrheeptmalolsint ecofmormmonanfdormocscuofrrseinliccea, invarnyaitnugreo. nly nessA forreaisnoenratbldeu-tsstanisdaarsd foollfowpse:rmissable dusti Million p a r t i c 1 pr cubic W h4e n 44 assoc4*iated 44 wi.th 4 nloow qua"rtz -- 50 foot of n r -- 30 44 44 . 30G- 10071 *" ' ---- 155 on standa rds are nurelx arbitarx. being experience plus slight medical evidence. b. induAsstrbye.stoCshrisysaotfiilberousi Hm4.inMerea-l. wSii;d.el0v, >useisd iitns lmitoes.t Acommpmhiobnolfeo.rmS.erpCeenrttianien vaanrdietiAens thoof pThrxelmhrneadruestarila-ol kinmopwonrtaansceA.sbeTsthoes, halatnhdoluignhg ooff leasssbeerstions gcleenserwatheischa wdhuestn cionmhaploeudndoveorf fainpeerfiiobdrouosf ptiamrtei, may cause asbestosis. andGirsaonniteeofduthste wcoonrtsatinosffeanbdoeurts i3n0Ct-hefrceaeusasitliiocna soifs.siblircoonscish.iteTs.hepnfereuqmuoennieav aonf dsiloitchoesirs, retusbpierractuolroy apiolsmeednttso gisraanbitneordmuastl.ly high among workers ex pallMy aorfblcealacinudmLcimarebsotnoantee awrheicchomispop-neydsioplrliongcii- caamlloyunitnse, rtt.hisUnclleassss soiflicraocikss pmreasyentbeincoenxsciedsesrievde relatively non-hazardous. gin CmHaA\LKbemionsctllyudceadlciinumthicsargbroonuapt.e of fossil ori cleSsanofdsqtuoanretz, asanrodckcecmoennstiestdingwitmhaisnilliyca,ofispuasretid ihnigghrisnidliicnag cwohneteelnst arnedndienrsbuitildaindgefminaitteerioacl.cupItas tional disease hazard. siblMe iocaffenadnedrs Sfa.srecciatueses(WofhitseilicMosiicsa. ' Warhcerep\oesr possible, the use of sand containing needle-like crystals of serecite should be avoided. Page IO ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937 CalcGiyumpsusmul.faPtelaasntderdo onfot Pparreissenat rea sperriionucsiphaallzy ard. DUMC,aArLbOoXr1uTnEd, uCmor(usnildiucomn (cOaxribdiedse,ofSiAlCu;miAnulmu.n)ainre gwriinddeilnyg uwsehdeelass. aArtnifiicnivalestaibgraatsioivnesr,eveesapleecdialnloy sutnaunscuesa.l hazard in breathing the dust of these sub siliCcaoaml aoyr pCroadrubcoen adumstisld, ifnibrtohseis awbsiethncedisocfolforreae tion of the lungs, but are not disabling. 6.5TCemorenmtorDe ufsrtee ussiuliaclaly. cTohnetaifnrsequfreonmcy of retso pmieranttordyustail(mdeunsttisneasms ornagngwinogrkferrosmex2p2ostoed63tomciel ltihoant poafrtwicolerkseprserincunboicn-fdouosttvof traaidre) si.s) about twice as aTfailllcer (inSopaappsteornme)aniusfaucsteudrinign, itnoilselat tepopwendceirlss,, etrtce.molTitael.c uTsaulacllyducsot ntcaoinntsainiminpguri4t0ierse eosrpecmiaolrlye strisemooflittehemalyunignsduwcehicahfinise ddieffmuosensbtirlaabtleeralinfibtrhoe Xsa-irdayt.o bIen dthiseabalbinsegn. ce of free silica it cannot be tremSollaittee dtaulsct. reacts in a manner similar to highulitcGewoirthgiatraTcealcofdufrsetecsoinlitcaainhiansg pornoldyuclOed^c athreimghfrequency of pneumonocomosis and tuberculosis. etc.O!,rgaarneicnoDt usptnseu(m"Wonooocdo. nfiuors.is tepxrtioldesu,cilnegathheurt, minagyoenxthhiebitnaitrurriteatoinf gthoer stuobxsictanpcreo.perties, depend 9 DUST CONTROL the Inchiienfdufsatcrtioarls hiyngideenteermwionrikn,g thtehe fodlulostwihnagzaardre. 1. The nature of the dust (a.) Its composition lb) Its particle size properties 2. The concentration of dust in the air 3. The degree of exposure of the workers to - dusty air ... 4. Its physiological action whether it is iai Physiologically inert (b) Capable of producing an allergic reac tion (hay fever) (c) Toxic-- 'lead, etc.) id' Capable of producing pneumonoconio sis chaDniucsatls dairseinstoelgidratpiaornticolfes sogleinderoartgeadnibcy otrheinmoer ganic materials. A dust cloud may be composed oeaf cbhillvioisnisbloef ppaarrttiiccllees aocfcvoamrypianngiesdizebsvanmdanshyapmesi, nAustethepadrutisctleiss gveisniebrlaeteodnltyheunladregrerthpearmticiclerosssceotptlee. othuitngsw, itohn saizev. eloTchitey smdeaplleenrdipnagr,ticalemsonsegttleothouert mploarnet bsylowailry caunrrdenmtsa. y be caried throughout the ageInpaartimclaetersiiazel oifs uthneifosrammepraospetrhteiess,izteheofavtehre ivnaediigvhitducaaln pbaertaipclpelsi,edanndumaericchaelmlyi.cal analysis by is aInwiadne vianrdiuastitorinalinduthste scilzoeusd,ofhtohweevinerd,ivitdhuerael mpaorrtiecleths.an Oonnee lahrugnedpreardticslme aollf qpuaratritczlews-ilolfwfeeizld'n spar. A chemical analysis reported by weight will sbheor,wletshse thparenseln^cce- of over 50>c quartz, by num In occupational disease work we are interested minictrhoensnuinm sbiezre opferpacrutbiciclefsoootf oqfuaairrt,z slienscse tthhaenfr1e0 nquumenecryicaolf druesstpicroautonrtsy. diseases was correlated to silicBaefcraoumsecoofmtbhieneddifsfiilciuclat,ycihnemdiicsatilnganuaislyhsinisg mfrueset bmeinaecrcaolsmp3areniieddenbtyifipeedtrboygrtahpehiircoapntiaclaylsisprionpewrthiiecsh. tiveDoursnt egpaatritviceleeslecitnrot-hsteatiacirchmaragye.coTnhteaianttraacptoiosni bcaeutwseesenthpeamrt,iculepsonof coopnptoascitt,e toeleccltirnicgaltopgreotpheerrt,iesa pcrreoacseesss tkhne oswenttliansg frlaotcecuolfataiond.ust Fclloocucdu.lation in musItn bedevailsiunaglizwedithas tahissusppreonbslieomn ,ofanodnu-sut nicfloorumd ppoarstiitciolens. ooff coirnrsetgaunltalyr vcaornycienngtrsaitzieo,n pearncdentuncporme dictTahblee fbiresht asvtieopr. in dust control work is to deter minignethtehe cocollneccetinotnratoifonduosft dufrsotmin tthhee aaiirr. ainndvolivts quantitation by laboratory means -- making dust counDtus.st counts are reasonably accurate approxi mtaaintieodnsinoaf gtihveennvuomlubmere ooff apiarr.ticTlehse oinf fodrumstatcioonn, wtichuelnarobintasitannetd, amnderelolycatsiiognn,ifitehse thsaamt paltintghadt evpiacre usasmedplceollteackteend tshheordtleyteramftienrewdaradms ouunndt eorf ddiufsfte.renAt wtioenathweirll cvoanrdyiticoonnss,idoerrainblya. sliAghntliynsdtirfufmereenntt lsoacma ppelirncgenstmagaell ovfoleurmroers tohfanairwiwllillanpriondsutrcuemaengtresaatmer plinTgolaorgbetaivnoluameresporefsaeinrt.ative picture of condi tniuomn4b.eirt oisf nleacregsesavrvolutomeavsearmagpeletshetarkeesnultsin ofthea saanmeinssptrout moevnetr aoflonkgnopwenriodeffoicfietnicmye, aegmaipnlsotyinalgl partWichleensizdeusstofinthtehegivaiern idsuvsti.sible we know the June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group hbaezeamrdpleoxyiestds., when not visible, dust counts should dusTtyheaierarwlaiesstthperaKctoinciaml eitnesrtru(dmuesnt t mfoetrers)amdpelvinegl oped by engineers in the South African mines. A mpiesatosnurethdrovuolguhmeanoforaiifricies darnadwnimbpyinagesdmaallt hhaingdh vaelllyocictoyatuepdonwitahciarcfuillamr ogflasgselpaltainte. wThhiceh diussut siun ltahre. aainrdstcicakns boen cthoeunptleadte diinrecatslypotthrroouugghhlvthceircaut ltoawcheedffimciiesnccryoscaonpde. ca'Sn hsialempthleis oinnlsvtruvmeervnt sims aolfl vpolaltuem, eiss ocfomapira,cti,t acnadn otabkveiat3e0s tshaempnleecsesosnitvonoef SlaobuotrhatoArfyriccaounastinag. coImt pwaraastivuseedinssutrcucmesesnfut,llyanidn waiodrekd. materially in South African dust control mosTphheerOicwdeunsstsm. etAerhwanasd fpirissttounseddratwos sathmepldeusatty waihricthhroseurgvhesatotuhbuemliindeifdy wthiteh iwnceot mbilnogttianigr. paTpheer iasirchpialsleseds, ctahurosiunggh thae smlitoiostruifriecei,n atnhde eaxirpatnodcinogat, tthicelesduasrte pimarptiicnlgeesd wointh awsamtearl.l coTvheer gcloaastse,dopppaor spiaterticthlees oirnificteh,isinritbhbeonforamre ocf ouantreihdhounr.ldeTr hea miscroscope. usually employing oil immersion fmoertheoxdtrse. meTlyhefinOewednusstsj.et Fmoerteirndius stvreirayl defufsitc?ienitt issimapbloicuitty40rerncdeefrficiitenitn,vabluutabiltes. coLmikpaecttnheesskoannid umseetderpriot ptearklyes msamvalgl iv`egrambi*s'lesaadminpglesresaunldts. unTlehses pisritnhcaitpaal nedwisacdovvaenrtamguestobf ethineseOrtwedenfsorinesatcrhumsaemnt cpolen.taamnidnaitnionchfarnogmingd,usetxpinostehse tahier. clAeanvasrliiaptiotno wofhitchhe mOwaneynssammeptelerswmilal ybebebrtoaukegnhtwoiutht osuhtorcthlyanign ing the glass plate. an BinaguesncihousandimLporomvbemDeunst t oCnoutnhteerO--weTnh'iss Jeits Mkeet.ter Itthactohuanstsjutshterepcaernttilcylebseebny ptuhte ondatrhke mfiealrd ttheechinmiqpuinegewrh. icThhegivcehiemf uocbhjechtiigohnerat rethsueltpsretsheannt iesnctheatofitsmgiovekse a>bvnhoierhm.;aclolnysthiitguhtesresliutlttlse ihnazthaerdp. reIst will doubtless bejmjjroved or modified in the near futuTreh.e standard method of dust sampling in nAimqueeri)caenmpl(oUy.s Sth. e PGurbeleicnbeHreza-SltmhithSeirmvpiciengeTrecahp pwaarsatuuss.ed Ttohisesmtaebtlhisohd ciosrrienlvatailounablbeetwbeeceanmedn-itt conditions and the frequency of respiratory di seasDesu. stv air is drawn, at constant rate, through ma egrlsaessd tiunbewaatnedr. imTphinegefodrcaegaoifnstthea filma!pipnlgateemeimnt Engineering Manual [ Pa^e 11 mcoaaitns tshuespdeunsdtedparitnicltehse wliitqhuidw.aterThaendcltehaenv arier pplaisesdes boyutatnhreoluegcthrica bsaufcftlieodn tpubuem. p Sourctibovn ais csoump pressed air ejector. A known volume of the dusty wpaartteicr leiss cpoluancetedd. under the microscope and the thatThite saadmvpalnetsagleasrgoef vthoelumimepsinogferaira,ppcaanratbues laerfet srutannndianrgd fmorethhooudrsfowr itthhiosutcoautntternyt.ion, and is the to tIrtsandsipsoardtv, anistafgreasgialere atnhdat eixt piesnbsiuvlek,y aanndd dbuasrtds so cTohlleercetedarceanntwoot beinsmtreuamsuernetds dcirlaecimtlye.d to be l1i0zQes/~caneffeilceiecntrt,icthfeieledletcotridcepporseict ipthiteatdourstwhpiacrhticuletis ocinpiatactoerll,uluotiidlizciynglinhdeeart; awnadveGs rfeoern'sthtehesrammael ppurer plaobsoe.ratoOrfy tohnelsye ainnsdtrtuhmeeontths,eronise sitsillusinefuthl eineatrhlye stagSeesveorfaldesvheolortp-mcuetnt.methods of sampling and cpolamnpt aorapteirvaetioqnu.antitation are available for routine trolTahrerraengaerde bfeoluorw giennoerradlermoefththoedisr oefffedcutisvtenceosns. 1. Substitution of Process 2. Isolation of Process 3. iRtsemsoouvracle, dilution, or suppression of dust at 4. Respiratory Protection usedIn imn adnuystpylaonptse,ramtiaotnesriaflosr cwonhtiacihninngons-siliilciacioaures msaantderiballasstimngay, tbhee suusbestoiftutmede.tal Faobrraseixvaempinles,teaidn osifdesirlaibcliyou. s Fsalnindt,wuilsledredinucepatchkeindgusktilhnsa,zamrdaycobne Sreopmlaectiemdesbya daunsottyheor pelreastsionhazoarrdaoudsefemctaitveeriaolr. cdounstsyeqmueancthiinnecremaasye bine erfefpiclaiecnecdy bayndandoetchreerasewitihn dustIf dsisupbesrtsitiuonti.on is not feasible it may be possi bralete tobuIislodliantge, thae separolecdesseneciltohseurreb,your sebyofcaarrsyeipnag obne tehxepoospeedr.atioFnorat enxigahmtplweh, enthfeewsehrakwinogrkeorsutv>oilfl blavrgae fceawstiwngesll ipnroatefcotuenddrmyenm,atyhubse pdroenveenattinngigahltl other workers from inhaling the dust during the dayT. he most practical method of dust control is tmhoavt alofat(1th)e spuopipnrtesosfiogne.ne(r2a)tiodnil.ution, or (3) re ing Itit isanpdossaiblneont-odupsrtodpurcoedudcuisntg woitpheoruattiodnispmear%s wdii=tnheorute parcocduumcuinlagted duosft iftsreolmf. oTthnce*r aocpteuraaltiomnes* rhanical force that agnevnerates the dust is not suf ficient to project the tinv particles very far into the air. It is the vibration and air motion inci- Page 12 ] WU V U I T he Employe?.s' Group Engineering Manual [ Ju n e 1, 1937 dtheentpallatnot tahire. operation th at carries the dust into ing Tithsedreisfpoerers,iotnh)e astuiptsprpeosisniot nofogfendeursattio(nprbeyvetnhte ubseecaoufsewathteer woretoildussptraaycscuismnuolat teaslw, adyrsieps raacntdicails, wtheetndrdiilslipnegrseind mbyineasirisceufrfreecntitvse, eintc.proTtehcetinugsethoef adnridlleisr,dbisupterthseedwinettoduthset caliirngwshteon thbelastutinnngelis, ddroinees., Tsphrearye caoreupilnesdtanwcieths, ehxohwaeuvsetr,vwenhteilnataiown aitseraorveoriyl usefTuhl emreetahroed.cases when a dust cloud of hazard bovus thceonicnetnrotrdauticotnionmoayf lhaergedilvuotleudmteos oaf sfarfeeshpoaiinrt. Hapotwteovesrt,ir tuhpe dauirst ctuhraret nhtass fsroetmtledtheonblboewamerss aanrde floors, resulting in a still higher dust concentra ttiicoanl.. For this reason, the m ethod is seldom prac of cEoxnhtraoulslitnvgendtuilsattiaotnitiss pthoeinmt oosft gefefniceireanttiomn.ethAodn exhaust system is composed of four parts. 1. The exhaust hood 2. Tduhset piping for pneum atic transport of the 3. The dust collector 4. The blower ETahceh ppuarrptosise aofsptehceialeixzhedausptrohboleomd iisn toitsmelfa.in tthaiann dtihreacttioofnatlheairdumsotytioanir.intoTotheacscyosmtempliszhreathteisr ijtecmteudstpacrotuicnlteesr,acatndtheovkeirnceotmice etnheergvyaroiof utshedipvreor gwehnitchairarceurtrheentsdufsutnddaismpeernstianlg toagtehnets,proacnedss thbeunt draw the dusty air into the system. closTehteo thhoeodproscheosus ldas epnocslsoisbele.anAd rhoeunldochaoteodd 6as" i1n00dfiaeemt epteerr pmroinauutceinazt athne icnewnatredr oafiritvs efloacceitywoilfl paropdouincet 6a" voeulotciftryomof iotsnivfac7e.5. feAent peexrhamuisnt uhteooadt imnudsivt ihdeuadlespigronbeldemto. meet the requirem ents of each pneTuhmeatpiciptirnagnsopfoartn oefxthhaeusdtussyt sftreomm ptrhoevihdoeos dthteo tthioen doufstthceoldleucsttoirt. shToonlwdi'bthestcaonndsttrhuecteadbraosfivheeaavcy gobaustgreucmtioetnasl. anAd cmhiapdetrfarpetf,tofrocamtchshtahrep lbaergnedrs paanrd taincdlesprooftedcut stthewidlul spt rcoolollnecgtotrh.e life of the system dusTtyheairduesitthceorllbecytofriltreerminogv, ebsythceendtruisftugfarlomfortchee, or bTvhetrahpapg-infizlteorndausvt isccoolulesctsourrfaiscet.he most feasi bcyle.'ltovnpee tiyfpperoispenroltv eifnfisctiaelnletdacaanidn-mt athinetasimneadll. dTuhset psuacrthicalews.av Dthuastt tchoelylecctaonrshesheomupldtiebde oiuntstoaflldedoorisn. on Tthhee edxohwanussttrebalmowesirdseshoofultdhealwduasyts ahrerelsotecrateind order to avoid the wearing action of the dust. cienOtlnylyin caennterxifhuaguaslt vbelonwtileartsingwsilylsteomp.erate effi sm aPllroqpuealnlotirtietyspoef faanirs aagraeinusstelfouwl ornelsyistianncmeosvuinchg as through a partition. tor Ginooddusptlacnotnthrooul swekoerekp. inBg eiasmasn, filmooprso,rtpaanstsafgace swwaeyps t afnrdeqmueancthlyin. eryUnmuusestd bme avcahciunuemry calnedaneudnnoer caensdsahryindmeartienrgialitss arcetmaosvadlu. st Lteraapksy, gcaoslkleectsti,nvgaldvuesst, cdoumstprdeissspeedrsearisr. lines, and defective m achinery are barrAellls, emfienriyshiwngheemls,acshainnderyb,laspt nuenuimtsa,titcumdbrliilnlsg, sshanoduldcubteteersxhaanudsted-l.ingIenrsd, esmigilnlsinganadnepwulvpelrainzterist wwohuiclhd hdeustwdwseilltocomlliencimt ize ail flat surfaces upon dusItncothnetroelvaernet nthoat tptrhaectiacbaol,veit twhrilele bme entehcoedsssaroyf vtoidureaslorwt otrokmraens.piraTtohreyre paroretecftoiounr gfoenr erthale tiynpdeis of respiratory protective devices. 1. F ilter type dust respirators 2. Chemical cartridge respirators 3. Cannister type gas masks 4. Helmets supplied with clean air. nistTerhetycpheemgicasal mcaarstkridagree redsepsiirgantoedr antod thperocteacnt against low concentrations of poisonous gases and sfuumppeos rtprloifvei.ded that there is sufficient oxygen to in lTowhe cofinltceernttryaptieondsusotf rdeusspt.irator may he worn supTplhye maairy hheelmuestedwaitzhainastpohsigithivecopnrceesnsturraetioanisr of dOunsltys odrevfiucmeses.approved by the United States Btoursreaarue oufncMoimnefsorsthabolueldanhde uimsepdr.actAictabl easnt,dreshspouirlad be used only when all other methods fail. TOXIC GASES AND VAPORS intoPofoisuornomuasingagsreosupasndas vfaoplloorwsg:may he divided I Asphyxiants (A) Simple (Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) i B) cCyhaenmicicaaclid)' Carbon monoxide, hydro II Irritants (A) rAesffpeicrtaintogryuptpraecrt,s.or \uApcpiedr fuanmdes,loSwuelr phur dioxide) ]unc 1, 193 S ] T he Employers' Group * Engineering Manual r Pai L DUST, FUME AND MIST RESPIRATORS A pproved by U. S. B ureai of Mines T ype A For protection against p n e u m o c o n i o s i s - p r o d u c i n z o r n u i s a n c e d u s t s charcoal, (quartz, asbestos, iron ores, cement, "wood, cellulose, flour, aluminum, etc.) i m eNsot os.u e1. 3 /g2v0p. s um 21 , a cnoda l. c 22 oaklseo. bear Type A approval. 21.. M-S-A M-S-A CDouve.trufoRe eRspeirspaitroarteor=33. 93 ( -- 2101 ; ' =2115) 5522..2255 43.. WWiillllssoonn RReessppiirraattoorr =300 =400. . 400F (=2102 1 i =2103 , 53.00 53.00 5. 6. WWiillllssoonn RR eessppiirraattoorrs =4. =100 4F. !=21061 '=2117) S512..7550 78.. WW iillllssoonn RReessppiirraattoorrs ==725000. 2.00F (=2113. (=2119) S2.40 9. P ulmosan Respirator =M-15 (=2104, $2.00 1101.. PP ul'llm.vioossaann RReessppiirraattoorr ==MD--411100O0 (1== 22110290, ) 5522..0000 1123.. BDiuEpvoerr RReessppiirraattoorr . =24 . (1==22111015), $5125..2050 1145.. CAe. sOco. CHo.eaRletskpgiruaatrodrR=eRsp-i1r0a0t0or =90 ((==22112113), 53.50 breatThhinesge durestsspiwrahtoosres maarein nhoatrmafpuplrocvoendstitfuoerntpsroatreecmtioentaUagoarinthsteirpociosmonpionugndbsy, as antim ony, arsenic, cadmium, chrom ium , lead, m anganese, m ercury, selenium, tsemlloukreius,mf,umthesa,llmiuimsts, , ucraasensiuomr vaanpdorsv, aonradaiudmef,icioerncyproofteocxtiyognen.against harm ful T ype C For protection against the mist of chromic acid ns produced in chromium plating. and the mist produced by spray coating icith vitre ous e1n6a. mMe-lSs-AwhoCseomlifqouidRveeshpiirclaetodroes =n8o3t9p3rodluUc.eS.Bha.Mrm. fuAl pgparsoesvaolr vapors. =2101. e x te n d e d ) ......................................................................$2.25 mist.This extension of approval does not cover use against any lead-containing Lead Dust R espirators mMeecchhaanniiccaalllyfilgteernerreastepdiradtourssts fowrhopsreotemcatiionn haagraminfustl constituent is lead, such as lead dusts generated in m anufacturing storage bat ctehriipeps.inegnaomaienltiendg, suproftatceersy, pmaaiknitngm, akruinbgb,erprecpoamripnogunlditihnogt,rasnasnfderspaapnedrinmginianngd, milling and processing lead ores. 17. 18. WM-iSl-lAsoCnoRmefospiRraestpoirrsat=o4r0f0oLr. l4e0a0dLdFust ==22110078)) .. 52 25 . $3.25 19. P ulmosan Respirator =L-2100 20. P ulmosan R espirator =M L-3100 . = 2110) . = 2112) . . $2.00 . $2.00 2212.. CCeessccoo HH ealthguakd ealthguakd RReessppiriraattoorr ==9921 == 22111164!, .. . $3.50 . $2.25 Not approved for protection against lead fumes from bheating and volatiliza- tion of lead, as in lead burning, soldering, smelting, type founding, etc. MANUFACTURERS OF ABOVE EQUIPMENT NNoosr. 13.. 42.. 51.66, ,177.. 8. 18, MWiinllesoSnafPertoyduAcptsp.liaInncc.e,sRCeaod.,inPgi,ttsPbau. rgh, Pa. Nos. 9, 10. 11, 19, 20. Pulm1o7s6anJoShamfeotny SEtq.,uBiprmooeknltynC.oNrp... e No. 12. Stand75ardE.SWafeatcykeErqDuirpivmee. nCt hCicoa.,go. 111. NNoo.s. 1134.. 21. 22. CIIh. iSc.agCoovEevr.eSStahtiieolnd AC.oS..outh Bend. Indiana. No. 15. Ame2r3ic0a0n WOaprtriceanl BCoo.u.lSevoaurtdh.brCidhgicea.gMo.asIIsI.. partsApidpernotviecdal rewsipthiratthoorsseanfdurnfiilstehresdhebayr tthhee amppanrouvfaalctnuuremrbeshrsouinlddicbaeteuds.eOd rJivn mreaskpiinragtorrentoewthaels faocre,refporaicrsle. anTinhge omr achnaunfagcintugrethr'es fiinltsetrrueclteiomnesntfso, rfofrittcilneganitnhge cthloeserlevspfoirllaotwore,d.and for caring for the respirator while not in use. should be c v u'} :` ; June 1, 1937 J T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual 13 c (B) Affecting lower tract (lun^s) only. (Oxides of nitrogen, phosgene, ozone) Prevention of poisoning by these substances calls for local exhaust hoods, enclosed processes, III ^ olatile drugs and druslike substances (A; -Mild anesthetics. (Ether, gasolene, etc.) pcarortpriedrgeclortehsipnigrataonrsd mcaaryefuble huysgeidenfeo. r sChhoermt iceaxl r ' ^ . (B) A(bneensztohle,tictshecahuisginhger oraglcaonhicolsc,haanngielsi.ne, am;-] acetatel p(eoxsucerepstintgo cnyoatnimdeosrei atshalonng3 yacs othf erae tiosxiscuffvicaipeonrt oxygen in the air. Helmets supplied with fresh IV Inorg(aMniecrcaunryd voarpgoanrso,-mleeatdallitcetrsauebthstyaln)ces waihr enmtuhset nbaeturueseodf tihne hgiagshiesrnoctonkcneonwtrna.tions or Simple Asphyxiants act bv excluding oxvgen 9 fariormto tahepoluinntg;beolorwbythadtiluretiqnugirethde tooxsyugpepnoritn litfhee. VAXES the Cbhleomodicaolr tAissspuhesyxdiaontnsot bpyrevceonmt btihneingvicwtimiths CAUSES bfrroemathtihneg sybsutet md.o Cexarcbluodne mthoneoxliifdee-g, ifvoinr gexoaxmypgleen, wireCeirntsauinlattiyopnestoofinwcarexaessearteheusdeideletoctrimicpsretrgennagtteh _ ahbasouatn30a0ffintiimtyesforthatht e ofheomxoyggleonbinandin btyheunbiltoinodg owraxtoesgtihveat aasrleowusebdurfnoirngthiisnswuloartkiomn.av Soofmfeer aofsethrie wpoitrht tohfe oaxvyagielanblteo htehme otgislosubeisn., prevents the trans owuasx hCaozarprdo.ratAiocncoarpdpinegaritnocanin atrhtiec"l'eVebevkityheUHnadleor- The best treatm ent for asphvxia is artificial respiration and adm inistration of a m ixture of 93?c w riter," October 17. 2936 "a long exposure to the vapors of numerous coal tar production such as oxyCgelanssan"dA''79icrrictaanrbtso,n (dacioidxidfue.mes, sulphur diox nwaapxtehsawleinlle.cataurseoislk. icnhldoirsienaasteesd." diTphheesneylwaanxdesmmanayy ildeteh. aalmcmoonnciean,treatcti.o) n aries suonhbiegahrlayblier.ritaEtiynegs. thnaotsea, tbeetraucsheldoriediteh,erethhoytlenoer, indicshollourtiidoen, wbietnhzoclarbanodn and throat are attacked before these gases reach toluol. ethxeceplutnwgsh. en Tthhies vsiecrtvimes ctoannporteveesnctapfea.tal gassing control respCilraastsory`'B p''asisrargiteasntsbutdoupnoont aptetancektratthineg updpeeepr the Efuxmhaeusstofvetnhetilahteiaotnedshwoauxldes baes uwseeldl atos trheemosovle idnetro ththeemluhnagrsm ufunla. erPcohocsecretnaein. fcohraenxgaem; pwleh,ichhasrenno vtieonnt ovfapeoxrcse.ssiIvme pvraoppoerrs haneadtinmgaycaduessetsrotyhetheevoolrui hyiaerlmdifnugl hefyfdecrot cuhnlotrilic itacdide.comItpogsievsesinnothwe arlunninggs gspinoatsl. chSatreaacmter oorf othile jcaocmkeptoedundeqduuipemtoenltociasl rheoct until too late to avoid its effects. ommended. Extreme exposures to irritatins fumes result ianppuenacrontosciroeucsonveesrs cformompletwelhyi.ch Uthnelessvicbteimis mimay NOTES An occupational disease report on a wire in mmaeydiadteevlyeloppu,t tteormbiendatainn'd: iknepdteawt-harmfropmneuremspoinriaa sulation risk should emphasize the following in form ation. toofr ythfea illuu nr eu so rb yf roam fleudide meax uo fd atht ee) .luUntncsd.e r(flnooo dcini rg 1. W hat waxes are used? 2. Are the fumes from the wax dipping tanks cthuemsvtiacnticmes, hsehosuhloduladrtbinecikael ptreaspbisroaltuiotenly bqeuigeitv.en removed by an exhaust ventilation? 3. Are there any reported cases of derm atitis or in pFhuvmsiecsalosfolgurtoiounpsinIIthI eabnldooIdV toarveartiroaunsspoorgratends tiwonas ntohteerde aamnyonogththeer ewvoidrkeenrcse? of skin erup tahnodsenepravrets caefnfteecrtse,drexeProtiinsgonisnygstemmaiyc bcheancghersoniinc (i.e. the accumulated) effects of long exposure to 4. Hwohweremthane ywoaxthedripppienogpleis wcaorrrkiedinoutht?e room ldouwe ctoonscheonrttraetxiopnoss)u,roesf taocuhteigh(mcoornecesnetvrearteionefsf')e.cts druTnkheenmneislds oarneasnthesetthicessioaf agcrcoourpdiInIgI tmoacyopnrcoednutrcae SOLVENTS tionS. ubstances such as benzol may produce perm a ing,Thanedusfeorofgusmolvaenndts rfeosrindrmy ixclteuarensingis, odne-egrtehaas-t nalelyn.t sv*stematic chanses, possiblv term inating fat- hpaesrfeincvt oslovlevdenat ciserntaoitn khnaozwarnd.at Lthnefoprtruesneanlet.ly Sthoel phoGiprhouinpe, IVarsiinnec,luldeeasd mteetrraceutrhyyl,vaeptoc.rs, stibine, cvleenatnsinsugcharaes btoexnizco, l iwnfhliacmhmdaoblaen, eaxncdelleenxtpjloobsivoen. throSuogmhe tthoexicskEinaseasnadndwovrakpeorrss emxapyosheed atbosotrhbeemd Smoalbvleentsandsucehxplaossivpee,traolltehuomughnatphtehya daorenoitnfolaffmer should be properly protected. as great a hazard from the toxicity standpoint. Pige 14 ] T E ' G E M ---------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------------------------- he mployers roup ngineering anual [ June 1, 1937 inflTamhem abclheloorifnfeartesdomehyhdarozacardrbofrnosm-- wthheiletoxincointysdtaarnddpSooinlvte. nHt igohr pSeotlrvoalseoulmetfcr.achtaiovnes asolhdigahs Sfltaosdh pasoisnotlvaenndts aarse sonmone-tooxf icth, ehumtoraerevonloattilaes oerffimcioernet toxiCc amreatsehroiaullsd. he observed in making recommen dations for the substitution of non-toxic solvents finorextopxliocsiomnastehraiazlasr,db. ecause the possible increase SO LVEN T T O X IC IT Y BCeanrbzoonl .D....i.s..u..l..p..h...i.d...e...............................HHiizghh CGaarsboolninTe .e..t..r..a..c..h...l..o..r..i..d...e...................LMoowderate CS tholdoar irnda tSeodlvHe nytd r.o..c..a..r..b..o...n..s.....LMoowd e ra te ABacnetaanteas O..i.l..............................................................LLooww High HLoizwh LHoigwh MH iogdherate Hizh RESPIRATORY PROTECTION CAS M ASKS be Iutseisd,estsheanttiaitl btheatinthetheprboepsetr otyfpceoonfdiztaiosnm, aasnkds that there is no oxygen deficiency in the area in which the mask is beins worn. Most canisters aarefewsoldclowseiltyh rmelaatteerdialzsasienst.endAedcatnoistaebrsodrebsizonnelyd taozapirnosttecstucahgazianssetsaamsmcoanrbiaonfomr oenxoamxipdlee,, oisr uhsyedlersos cthhelozraidsees awchidichfummaeys.occIunr amreoskt noinwdnusbtreifaolrephlaanntds aisntdersthefillperdopweirthcaonnislyterosnsehotyuplde boef parbosvoirdbeedn.t Cmana pteorsisailblaeffowridthprtohteecatiiol-nserfvoircea cloannzisetrer.time than is O TYPE OF CANISTER FOR PROTECTION UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS B L A C K C A N IS T E R This type of canister contains over 600 cubic cperonttiemcteiotenrsazoafinastctoivrgataendic cvhaaprocrosa,l.sucThhaiss aanfifloirndes, zoavseorl'i2n0e.^cbeinnzeanier,).eth-?er",YtfoTl'uene and the like inot aj* . * W H IT E C A N IS T E R metTerhsis ofcasnoidsaterlimcoentoarinscauosvteicr s6o0d0a. cubItic afcfeonrdtis psurolptehcutirondioaxziadine,stnaitcriodzeznasepsersouxchidea,s chhvldorroinceh,loarincd. the like, inot over 1 % in air). Contains coppGeRr E EsNulpChAaNteIS TaEnRd charcoal or sil ica zel. It affords protection against ammonia geansdunroetd obvyerth3e%w. eaTrheer becaulisme iot fcaskninnotirbrietaltoionng from the gas. BLU E CANTSTE3 bustCioonntaoinf s c"ahrboopncalmiteo"nowxihdiech wciatthaliozxesygtehne fcroomm the air and produces carbon dioxide. It is neces saaffroyrdtos pprrootteeccttiothne a"ghaoipnsctalcitaer'b' ofnrommomnooixsitduer.e.NoItt over 3^c. RED C A N IS T E R Contains all of the other absorbents mentioned saebrovvicee bmutasoknlywhinichsmparlolvaidmeos unptrso.tecIttioins tahgeaianlsltaalslphgvaxseasntesx. cept high concentration of the simple Y E L L O W C A N IS T E R affoCrdosntapirnosteacctitoivnateadgaicnhsatrcaoacl oamnbdinsaotdioanlimofe. oIrt ganic fumes and acid fumes. B R O W N C A N IS T E R a fiClteorntpaiands focropspmeorkessulapnhdatedusatnsd. Icthaarfcfooradls wpirtoh tection against ammonia and smoke. w it h a g r e e n s t r ip Caustic soda impregnated on pads. It affords pinroateirc)ti.on azainst hydro-cyanic gas. INot over 2'~c A S T R IP P A IN T E D ON T H E C A N IS T E R 3ndInwdiilclatpersottehcatt aiztaiins steqsumipopkeed, dwuistth, afnildtermpuastdss. dGe3fsicimenatskisn sohxoyuglden.notThhee fulasmede ionf aatmcaonspdlheereosr saairf.etayndlama pmains iesxntiontguinishseedriouast dITa^ncgeroxuyngteiln thine othxaytzetnherfeallms abyelohew a14dGef-i.cieVnchyeroef oitxyizsenexpaehcotesde bmeasukseodr. self-contained bre3thinz apparatus should withA azlcasohomlasokr ash2orueldsohleutiodinsinoffeclytesdol aafntder thuesne drieAd iwnotrhkeer opwehno aiurs.es a mask should test it before enterinz a contaminated atmosphere. The minazskofisthpeutcaonni'tiner friseschloasierd ahnvd hthaendboatntodmsuocptieonnliaspseexse.rtedThbisy vianchuaulimng shuonutilld tbhee mfacaeintpaiienceed cfoolr at least fifteen seconds. A hose mask maHv0 5bEe MwAoSrKnS in anv atm osphere rwehzearredletrsosubofle omxvazvenocccounr teisnti.n hTizhhe coonnlvcelnotcraattiioonn ozafshvthdrrooucyahanitdhee wskhienr.e thTehree ihsosaebsomrapstkionis ofestphee cially adapted for work in atmospheres contam June 1. 1937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ 15 inated with the vapors from gasoline and kero suennceertwahineredutrhaetiolnif.e oTfhegasfacmeaspkiecceaniosftera ishosoef msidaeskaiisr issimdielalirvetoredth athtroouf gah gaaslemnagstkh houf thtohsee ibny ompeearnastedofbya hcaenndtrisfougthaal t bthloewreeri.s alIwt aivss sgoemneeraolnlye onnatetdheatomutossipdheewrea. tching the m an in the contam i SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS eralTlyhea seplof-rctaobnlteaindeedvibcreeaatnhdingsuappppliaersatauns iastmeeons- pwhheilree tohfe ocxayrgbeonn, wdhioicxhidethewhwicehareisr reex-hbareleadthe-iss jaebcstoiorbnedsinbcye atnhealwkaelair.erTmheaoyreetnictearllyalimt ohsats annoy oabt omfoshpohsee.re Hanodwebveeri,s intoits hhaenadviycapanpdedcubmy baerlseonmeteh, bituits isaltshoe eoxnpleynstihvien stothpautrcchanasbee aunsdedtofomr acienrttaainin, toynpeesshoofulrdesecvueer watoterkm pptarttoicuulsaerltyh-isinapmpianreast.us Nuon- laensds thhaesy phearvseonbaelelyn itnhsopreocutgehdlyittrtaoinkendowin- tihtsatusiet is in perfect order. A ir -l i n e R e s p i r R a E t S P IR ors A : TO A RpSo s iti v e pressure res pisirwatoorrn wohnicshucihs ajosbismapslifpicaaintitonsporafytihneg.hoIste ims adsek stoigntehde fworeawreorrkshwouhledrehteherreemoisvenothseevdeerevicheazmarod matmenotsaprihleyr.es Itorshofourld snaontd hbelausstiendg. in Idfanthgeeroauisr supply is cut o5 the w earer sim ply removes tne mthaeskadavnadntamgoeveosf obuetinogf tlhigehtp, ofllauirtleyd caoirm. foIrttahbales and cheaper than the hose mask. T he mAoBstR AsSeIvVeEreB LdAuSsTtINhGazRarEdS P IiRsAiTnO RthS e abrasive bTlhaessteind' eovficseasnsdhocualsdtinpgrsotwecitththseanwd oarskmthaen calegaaninesrt. faliyringat psaurftifcicleiesntanpdresshsouureld ahnedsuvpoplulimede wtoithincsleuarne aansdligmhtoubtuht. coIntsthaanst pboeseintiverecporemsmsuernedaetd ththe ant osaet ldeuasstt osiuxt coufbtihcefemetaspke.-r mA iinr ulitne eisrensepciersastaorrys,toorkemeep cfohranaibcaralsfivileterbltaysptein*gR,esepviernatoirfs sstheeolulsdhontotarbee uusseedd. M E C H A N IC A L F IL T E R OR D U S T R E S P IR A T O R S There are satisfactory respirators made which pgreonteercatteads' aleinasdt dsiulsict.a,Tahsibsestvtopse, aonf dremspeicrhataonricawlillyl nfrootmafefoitrhdercohmeapteledtelepardotoerctgioansesa. gaRinesstpitrhaetorfus maeres jaobpsootrhesyubmstaityutehefourseddusttemcopnotrraorl,ilybuot ronunctielrtathine dust control svstem has been installed. The Lnited States Bureau of Mines has set up an approved schedule for dust respirators and if it is necessary to use respirators only those of the type approved by the Bureau for that purpose should be used. T hisC HtyEpMeICoAfL --p roCtAeRcTtiRoIDnG Em aRyE S bP IeR A TuOseRdS in low dcoionxciednetraantidonin ocferstuacihn pgareinastessparasygjaosbosli.neT, hsiuslptvhpuer odfiscpormotfeocrttiornathiserutsheadn wahseerreiouthse haezxaprods.urIet schaouuselds ntoorts boer ugseasd masasakss,ubisntitsuptietefoorf ththee aifra-clitnethraetspitirais much cheaper. SCHEDULE 1 -- AGRICULTURE Trees, Spraying, Fum igating, etc....................... 0106 EXPO SURE ticidPeosi.soning from lead, arsenic, and other insec CAUSE (PrPusosiisconiancgid ffrroomm lfeuamd,icaatrisnegniic. , Chayndrob-ecycaonnic ttrharcotuegdh btyheinshkailna.tioTn,hedriegeisstioanlsoora bpyosasbibsoilriptytioonf caecrtearitnainmaamteoriuanlst osfucdhermasatilteisttuicne,thejonhqaunidllsi,nganodf wood among many other materials. CO N TRO L 1. Personal cleanliness is im portant in the m ix ing and handling of these substances. 2. Respirators proved for lead dust should be used when these substances are dusted or sprayed. 3. "When hydrocyanic acid is used a gas mask (with a green stripl should be used for pro tection bearing in mind that the gas can be absorbed through the skin. An occupational disNeaOsTeE report on sprayins and fumigating should emphasize the following infor m ation. 1. The type of poison used in the spray (le^d spravs might tend to cause occupational di sease, whereas the cyanide would be more likely to cause accidental death). 2. The am ount of spraying or fum igation that is done. 3. Are the poisons handled wet or dry? 4. Emxapteerriiaenl coen otfhitshetympeenofacwtuoarlk!). handling the 3. Description of procedure when fum igating. CS 30042 P*se 16 ] T h e E m plo yer s' G ro u p E n g in e e r in g M a n u a l [ June 1, 1937 SCHEDULE II -- MINING CMoianlinMg,inXing0, .NC. .-0--.--CN.o...t...c..o..a..l....w...i..t.h....s..h...a..f.t..s........... 11106146 Mining, X 0 . C. -- N ot coal s u rfa c e ............. 1165 5. How many employees are exposed to dust? 6. mAreent?employees exam ined before em ploy EXPO SU 3E Silicosis, Anthraco-silicosis. (Miners' asthma) Siderosis and other form3 of pneumonoconiosis. CA U SE dusSt icliacuosseisd cbayn drreislluinltg fraonmd bilnahsatilningg inthtehequhaarrtdz rock overlay, dykes, and veins. Anthraco-silico sainsthorramcitienecrso'alasmthinmeas owchcoursareamenognatgmedinienrsdirnillitnhge and blasting rocks in which the coal beds exist. Stoidtehroesidsusotccfurorsm asmiaoenrgitem, iannerismwpohrotaanrte ireoxnpoosreed. Tarheehoetahveyr epxnpeousmuroecsotnoiodsuisstmthaayt raerseulnt owt hoerrdeintahreilrye scuornesidtheereydmhaayrmcafuusle, lhuuntg dduaematgoe eoxrcecshsiavnegee. xpo CO N TRO L Blasting should be done 3t the end of the shift. Itrnemtheilsy wdauystmy eanrewasill imnomt ebdeiatfeolrycedaftteor ebnltaesrtinegx. Removal of dust at the point of generation by the use of one of the several dust traps. These are a sthoert oafirvafcroumum thcleeanderirllarhraonlegemanednt, dwishchicahrgesusckist kthereopugdhowanfitlhteer. duTsht ewuhseereofthweetu"saeriollfingsucutsieodn tios nveorty plorawcticcoanl.cenItnratioorndetrhetouskeeeopf stuhcetiodnusmt ayat bea ctoorms bnionethd owfitthhewfeitltedrril3lninda.posTithieveuspereosfsurreesptyirpae mSoamye bwe oruksedhaswhbeereen tdhoenedroinllinthge ius seococfaswioantaelr. fsaccreeengewttihnigch hpacrekvetontsthtehepodiunstt wfrhoemre thoethedrrilmlinegn tahree cwaorsrkainngd. theInmcualseess koifckveurpy cdornysimdeirnaebslewdhuesrte, saanldt othriscawlciilul mpicckhlourpideenmouagyh hme osipstruinreklefrdomabothuet air to keep the dust down. It should he recalled, htiovweleyvear, rethcaetntduthsitncgonatnrdol minosmt imniinngersis hcaovme pparroa bably been exposedto high,dust concentration for a period of years*y?- N O TE shoAulnd oecmcupphaatsiioznealthdeisefoaslleowoningmiinnifnogrmoapteiorant:ions 1. mWihnaetd iasndthethesilhicaardcoronctkentthaotf itshedrimllaetde?rials Top'necraatpiopnros xoimf athtee lewnogrtkhmoefn?service on mining 3. Are the drills equipped with dust exhaust? 4. W hat type of drilling is used? SCHEDULE II -- MINING (SPECIAL) Fluorspar M ining ............................... 1213 LLeeaadd oMrinZiinngc .M....i.n..i..n..g.................................................... 11114574 LLeeaadd oorr ZZiinncc MMiinniinngg ................................................ 11114439 EXPO SURE Fluoride Poisoning, silicosis and lead poisoning. F luoride poisoningC A UreSsEuSlts from exposure to cmailnciinugm offluflouroidrsepadru.st Twhhisicmh aiys ceanucsoeuonvteerreda pineritohde of gSrialidcuoasils dmegaeynebreatieonncoouf nttheerebdoDines.any m ine in tqhuiasrtczlaisnsiftihceatoiorne owrhoevreerltahye.re is an exposure to the Lleeaadd cpaoribsoonniantge aanridsesleafdromsulpthheideinhinalathtieonleaodf ores. CO N TRO L It is obvious that all of the precautions recom mrieedndoeudt, uhnudt edrucelatsositfhiceataidondit1io1n64al shhaozualrdd boef lceaard and fluoride poisoning it will be extremely dimocupletrattoionesl.im inate the hazard from this type of 1. Rofeslpiliirnaetosrsfoarppprroovteedctiobny tahgeainUs.t Sl.eaBd urdeuasut smhionuelsd ohf ethwisortnypoen inalladdduitsitoyn otpoertahteionostheinr 2. pArlelcaduritlilosnss,hould be equipped with dust ex 3. hAalul stbsl.astin g should be done at th e end of 4. tThhee shpiafst.sageway should he kept wet down esaitlht eorr hcvaltchiuemuscehloofriwdea.ter or by sprinkling O ccupational diseasNeO TrEeSport on m ining opera tciuornsshwohueldre epmopishoansiinzge athsewfeolllloaws isniglicopsoiisntms:ay oc 1. mWihnaetd isantdhethesilihcaardcornotcekntthoant hthedrmillaetde?rials 23.. ALerengathll odfrilslserveiqcue ipopfedthewiwthordkumstene?xhaust? 45.. HAorew emmapnlyoyeemesploeyxeaems ianreed exbpeofsoerde toemdpulosty? 6. mIsetnhte? mine a wet or dry? 7. tHoowthelofnagce?after the shot do -workmen return June 1, ! 937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ P jr 17 SCHEDULE IV -- QUARRYING, STONE CRUSHING, ETC. Rock Excavation (From Schedule 26) ........................................................ 1605 Quarries -- Crushed Stone, etc..........1622 Quarries -- Dimension .........................1604 Quarries -- N. 0 . C............................... 1624 Sand and Gravel D ia e in a .................. 4000 Stone Crushing -- No Quarrying .. 1710 Slate ipiitiir.a includina Quarrying 1639 EXPO SU RE silicSoisliiscosisis caaunsded obtyhetrhepoqsusaibrtlze dpunset ufmroomcondiroislilss and crushers. So-called "hard rock"* is runs! apt otous.conTtahien gfrraedeincgfuoarrtzscarenednitnhgeroeffopreu,lvbeerizheadzamrda terial from crushers may be extremely dusty un lessSdanodneanvdet.gravel digging do not seem to present any great difficulty except in the screenina tower where the operations are done dry. mocTohneioresisatrreousbolmese,tibmuet sasclaaigmesnerfaolr ruoltehetrhepnnoeun snielincta ttoytpale doifsadbuilsitty.doeLs imnoetstobnreinganadbomuatrbpleermarae cdoynkseisdearreed hahradrmrolecsks aunndlersesprtehseenot vmerobrue rdtheann a5n~dc of the work. Slate Slittina contains little or no hazard. CO N TRO L 1. Exhaust system on the jack ham m er and drills. 2. The use of wet crushing and grinding may he used to keep do*n the dust concentration in some cases. 3. "t'oTrshearepptrhoevreed isfoor ctchaastiontyapl eexofpowsuorrek rmeaspyirbae used. 4. bCeafroerfeulemmpeldoiycmalenetxsahmoiunladtiohne moaf deeminplooyrdeeesr to exclude silicotics and men. with tubercular tendencies. .JS O T E 5 crusAhnersocschuopualdtioenmalphdaisseizasee threepfoorltloowninqguainrrfioersmoar tion. 1. The character of the quarry-: granite, lim e stone, gneiss, soapstone or marble. 2. The approxim ate percentage of quartz or free silica in the rock. 3. Describe in detail the m ethod of quarrying. 4. Are hollow drills used? 5. Are pre-employm ent exam inations m ade? 6. jOenctecdrutsoheerx?cedssoivtehedumsteenxpaopspueraer ctoonthineuaslulyb. SCHEDULE V -- FOOD AND TOBACCO BBeaekteriSeusgar............................................................................................. 22000300 BCrheeawkifnagst GFuomods ......................................................................... 22001465 CCohnocfeoclatitoener.y...................................................................................... 22004412 CC or arnc k ePrroMd uacntus f a.c..t.u...r.i..n..g.............................................. 4703 2001 MM ialclianrgonoif G....r.a..i..n........................................................................... 22000124 MS uoglaasr seKs e n..n..i..n..g................................................................................. 2020 2021 Dermatitis. EXPO SU RE CAUSES In most operations in which flour or suaar is haradn.dleIdt ibsynohtandde,fitnhieterley isknaowmnildw hdeetrhmeratitthies hdaezr moratpitairstlyis bcyautsheed cehnatriraecltyerbovf ptheresomnaa]tersieanlsiittisveiltfy. andCtlhaeimhsazfarordm shponueuldmnoocot nhieosicsonasriedenreodt. justified CO N TRO L donTe hferroem isthelitstlteandopr oinnotthoifngentghianteernienegdscotnotroble. Aside from an occSuPpEaCtiIAoLnal disease standpoint, the hazard to look for. especially with grain m ill ifnogre. . iswhtheenevpeorssainbyiliptylanotf sduucsht aesxpalozsriaoinn. eleTvhaetorer, corn products plant, or other similar industry is being inspected, the report should give in com pdulestte edxeptlaoislionthse. hazards with respect to fire or SCHEDULE V -- FOOD AND TOBACCO BMuetacthePrriondguct.s......N.......0.........C.............................................. 22008915 SPtaocckkin"ei 3rHdosusweistho..u...t.s..l..a..u..g...h..t..e..r..i.n...g........ 82280589 A nthrax -- ErysiEpXePloOiSdU --R E Derm atitis. CA U SE are Aconmthmraoxn atnod moatnhecransimgeilnaerraclalyttlebedidsiesarseegsartdheadt in tEhreysdipoemloesidticispsawrkiniensErinydsiupsetlrays.. It come* from tphuencbtuorneeds owf ouanllJ anliiymailkso ani>d0neis spprloidnutecredwihnicha makes the puncture. It is considered as an occu pgaentieornaallly dicsoemaspeenhsuatblies minorteheofsaamn eacmciadnennetr aansd ains infeWctihoinle. this type of injury does not cause very Pa$e 1S ] T h e E m plo yer s' G ro u p E n g in e e r in g M a n u a l [ Ju n e 1, 193.7 long disability, it is sometimes so high in fre quency that the total losses may be considerable. inadDeeqrumaatetitipserissocnaaulsecdleabnylinheasnsdlianngd oafsfalananodccbuy Npaotnioenaolf tdhieseseasecoinsdintiootnsvelerynd imthpeomrstaelnvtescotontreonl. gineering control; they are prevented bv super vpiesredtreaantdm aednet qoufataell wcausths inagndfasccirlaitticehsesa.nd by pro N O TES The inspection reports should particularly em phasize the handling of bones and the bone splint ers that might cause Erysipeloid. Bring out the following points in detail: 1. "What are the washing facilities? 2. W hat are the first-aid facilities? 3. Is there general personal cleanliness?? 4. Is there any program of supervised washing? 5. Have there been any hand infections? e SCHEDULE V -- FOOD AND TOBACCO Fish Curing and P a c k in g .................. 2101 EXPO SU RE Erysipeloid and Dermatitis. 1. Erysipeloid. C A U S E (at I"nFisthhisHatnrda"d"e anitd iiss esxoamctely titmheessamcaelleads tohne thbeonperevpiuonucstupraege.infection described :,b) Tofhecudrerrymaantidtisbirsincea.used bv the handlinz CO N TRO L prevPeenrstionngal thceleseanlcionnesdsitiiosnst.he Feissshentsikai]nnfiancgtoranidn filletinz by machinery reduces the exposure. SCHEDULE VI -- TEXTILES FCealrtpinegt aMndfg.Rugu,,. M anufa..c..t.u...r..i.n..g............. 22248082 Wood Scouring. or.'Uombing ........... 2260 Anthrax. EXPO SURE A nthrax is caused bCyA UhSaEndling wool and inhal itnhgraxduzsctrmfrsomandwsopoolrews.hicIht isisfoiunnfedctoednlywiinthwaonol terxoimsts.cSeyrtsateinmaftoicreipgonisocnomunztrfierosmwihnehraelinthze thdeisedausset always fatal although it is rare. CO N TRO L 1. uCneirntiffeicctaetdionarebay. consul that woo] is from an 2. Knowledge of infected areas. (Inform ation otanintehdis thanrodugQhuetshteionFenduemrablerD 1epcaartnmheent oobf Animal Industry.) 3. Sterilization. 4. Adidageqnousaitse amndedtirceaaltmceonntt.rolThtihsroisugah vepryropimer portant subject and should be thoroughly discussed with the claim department. 5. Respirators should be worn in dusty opera tions or where infection is present. N O TES 1. Wsurheadt taoretrathcee tmheetshooudrscesfoollfowtheed wboyol,thien oasr der to determine possible infection? 2. W hat are the methods of sterilization? 3. Iws itthheAanstshurraexd'sanmdeditiscatlredaetmpaerntmt?ent fam iliar 4. Are respirators used in any operations? 9 SCHEDULE VI -- TEXTILES Artificial Silk ........................................ 2305 EXPO SU RE m atPitoisis, obnrionnzchfrioaml 3cnadrbeoyne birirsiutalotihoind.e fumes, der CAUSE m atTithiserien athree saervtiefriaclialchseilmkicianldsuswtrhyi.ch Ccaarubsoen dBeri ssuulltp.hidSeulfpuhmuersic araecidpouissoendouins athned vililsnceossse mparoycerses tiorrictaotaignuglattoe tthhee eryaeyson3,ndprothdruocaets aandmmisat ywbheicchonis spirdoedruecde acsonadnitioocncsupoaftiodneraml adtiitsiesa.se. It can, also, CO N TRO L quaCtehehmooicdasl ionpstearlalteidontso srheomuoldvebefuemnecsl.osed or ade N O TES tailThhee aredpeoqrutascyshoofulfdumberinrzemoouvtali.n com plete de S P E C IA L N O TE triesFiorefsthaisndtyepxep. loTsihonersefhoarvee, aolcl coufrryeodurinreipnodrutss, wtiohne,thsehrouoldccueplaabtioornaatel odnisetahseese ohr azraergdusl.ar inspec June 1, 1?37 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ Page i 9 SCHEDULE VI - TEXTILES Textile Bleaching and Dyeing . . . . 2413 C hrom ium PoisonEiXnPgO. S U R E Chrom ium poisoninCgA UiSnE the form of irritation uofsetdheasskian misocraduasnetd dhuvrinhgandmliinxgingchroofmtihuem dsyaeltss. Oarcisceasfiroonmallydyceasveastsm. ay occur from the vapors that mayIt diesvseolompetiinmethsisclcaliamsseidfictahtaiotnb. enTzhoisl pwooiusoldninbze zuonlcoemxpmoosunrea.s there does not seem to be any ben R ubber gloves shCoOulNdT RbOeL worn w herever pos sible in any operations where the bands may come vinenctiolnattaiocnt wisitvhertyhenedcyeesssaaryn.d chemicals. P roper 1. Are any chrom iumN O TsEaSlts used? 23.. VAerentriluabtibnegr fgalcoivlietsiesproshvoidueldd?be described in SCHEDULE VII -- CLOTH PRODUCTS Hat M anufacturers (No blowing of Cones) ................................................. 253T Hat Manufacturing other than straw or cloth .............................................. 2538 HaStctehresduFleur IMX)anu..f..a..c..t..u..r..i.n...g......(..F..r..o..m... 2280 EXPO SURE Mercurial poisoning and dermatitis. CA U SES Mercurial poisoning results from absorption tuhsreoduginh tthhee psrkoicnessofofm ceracruroryttinfrgomfur.m eTrchueryn stahlet mercury salt dries out on the fur they are liable itso bheantdhlreodw. n Ionff tihneto ftohremainirg,asstdaurtsitngwhaenndthseizifnugr otefr thaendfeilst hthaendfluerd iisn dtihpipsedstaitne'.waPrmartiocrulhaorltywian tahbesorsptatirotinngthoropuegrahtiJothne thkein mdeune taoretheexphoasneddlintgo bofilitthyeofwsaormme, mofotihste, ufenlat.tahTlehemreercisuryalssoaltas pboeisnsgi vfuorlsatimliezrecdurbyy isthgeivheenato.'ff Oasn advryaipnogr tihne dcaanrgreortoteuds amounts. CO N TRO L 1. All fumes should he removed by exhaust ven 2. tTilhaetiocna. rrotting departm ent should he iso 3. lTahteedre frsohmoultdhebeotheexrhawuostrk.ventilation in the carrotting rooms and drying rooms. 4. rTuhbebemr enaporonntsh,e rcuabrbroetrtingglovweosrkanshdoubled wpreoar vided with adequate washing facilities. The sotvaerrtfilnogwsanadnsdizifnrgesbhatwhsatsehrosuhldouhled fbitetedadwdiethd caot nntiignhuta.lly. The baths should be dumped An occupational diNseOaTsEeS report on a risk where mlowericnugryinsfaolrtsm aatrieonu:sed should emphasize the fol 1. iIssest?he hatters' fur carrotted on the prem 23.. IIss tthhee ecxarhraoutstet dvefnutrilabtlioownn?adequate? 4. Has there been any trouble from the hatters' shakes? 5. Has there been any derm atitis? 67.. ACovemrapgleetelendgesthcriopftiosnervoicfe aollf tthhaet ehmasplobyeeeen. dpooniseontiong.elim inate the hazard of m ercury SCHEDULE V III -- LAUNDRIES Cleaning and Dyeing ........................ 2586 Benzol, D erm atitiEsX. P O S U R E CA U SE 1. sTohlvereent,iseiothccearsiaolnoanle uosre ionf mbeixntzuorle aws itah fiarnst osmthaelrl lqiquuaindt.itiesThceanfumcaeusse frcohmronitic inbevnezroyl poisoning. 2. Ttithies bhyandreliansgon ofofsodlevgenretsasicnagn accatuiosen doefrmthae solvent. CO N TRO L 1. The use of benzol should he discontinued. 2. The handling of solvents and garments wet with solvents should be minimized. 3. LPraonpoelirn wsahsohuilndz bfeacuilsiteidesasfhteorulwdahsheinsgu.pplied. 4. Eskminploiryreiteastiownhso sahroeulpdarhteicurelamrloyvesdenfsriotimve etxo posure. N O TES 21.. TIshbaetnziosl tuhseedexintenatnyofforhman?d operations in 3. cHoanvneectthioenre wbiethenwaent ygacramseesntosf? derm atitis in the past? S P E C IA L N O TE The dry cleaning industry, or any similar in fdluasmtrmyabulseingliqluaimdse, pqrueasnetnittsiesa odfefvinoiltaetilfeireanodr einx plosion hazard. Therefore these matters must w w .u y t) Page :o ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937 reevceerivvesupcohsiitnivspeecattitoenn.tion and be reported on in ers Iftoris sguecnkeruaslely sahcocuelpdtehdavtheatflassohlvepnotisntosr icnletahne srauncheea osfub1s0ta0ncFe.. toT h1e1r0e Far.e oSntotdhdeamrdasrkSeotlvaelnatrgies number of similar solvents. e SCHEDULE IX -- LEATHER FHuartteMrsa'nFuufarctMurainngufa.c..t..u..r..i.n..g............................ 2262C300 T ann ins ................................................. 2623 EXPO SU RE Anthrax. Chromium Poisoning, Dermatitis. A N TH R A X -- CAUSE w h iAc hn tahrrea xinifse cctaeudsewditbhy ahnat hnrdalxin ggesrmk isn sa nadn dsphoirdeess. Daroeminesfeticctehdi,dedsepaerendfirnege ufrpoomn tiht.e baurteafofrreoimgn whhidicehs they come. CO N TRO L Certificate of foreign hides and skins: sterili zation of those from infected areas. Peculations from Department of Animal Industry require cer tparioncedpurorecse.dureAsdeaqnudatemamneydicstaaltesconretrqoulireis. oatlhseor, necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment. This sphaortumldenat.lways be discussed with the claim de N O TES 1. hWidheast uissetdh?e proportion of foreign skins and 2. Aforre ptohsesibsloeuricnefsectoifonh?ides 3nd skins checked 3. W hat m ethod of sterilization is used? 4. Is waste water chlorinated? 5. Iasndmeitdsictraeladtmepeanrtt.m ent fam iliar with anthrax C H R O M IU M -- C A U SE tannCihnrgomsoiluumtiopnocisoonntianinginisg csaaultssedofbychcroomntaiucmt .wIitnh damivoiduunatsl souf sccherpotginbiUumitj^r^ajlat sfoalcuttoiro,nbiunt uusseuaalrley stuhfe ficient to affect most wo'rkers who are exposed. CO N TRO L 1. Process should be arranged to avoid careless methods. 2. Aviddeeqduaanted wpearsshoinnagl hfaycgiileitniees peshrsoounladllybesuppreor vised. These two points are very important. 3. Hmiogvheldy frsoemnsiteixvpeoseumrep.loyees should he re SCHEDULE LX -- LEATHER Boots and Shoes Mfg. or Repairing 2660 Benzol, D erm atitiEsX.P O S U R E D erm atitis can he CcAaUuSsEed by i l l the solvent used in cleaning operations after completion of tshtietuesnhtose;of(2ru) btbheer scoelmveenntt ianndm apkreinsegrvoaptievreatioconns. `T`Choismplaos*t' psreoecmesssetso. hTehemeoxspt opsurorenoisundcueed toinhatnhde osopnearlatciolenasnliwnehsisc.h Pdeorsnoontal asdemnsiittivreenaedsislyis oaf gpreeart faancdtordisfifnecreentthewreorakreersofateren asendsoizteivne sotolvednitfsfeurseendt solvBenentsz.ol is now one of the less used solvents but is a distinct hazard wherever it may he used. There is little thaCtOcNaTnR ObLe done in the way of henegeinneceoruinraggecdonitnrole.verPyerwsoanya. l cElveiadnelninceesss osfhoduelrd mintaotitsiesriosuhsoucladsesh.e Ttrheeatuesde obfefloarneolitnheayftedrewvealsohp ing is helpful. 1. W hat is the expoNsOuTreE S to cements and clean 2. iInsg tshoelrveenetsv?idence of cleanliness among em ployees? 3. Are proper washing facilities provided? 4. Is benzol used in any way? 5. Hdearvmeattihtiesr?e been any cases of poisoning or The possibilityS PoEfC IAfiLreN OoTrE explosion hazards sphoortulmd aadlewathyserehoen.considered and a complete re O SCHEDULE X -- RUBBER. COMPOSITION OR BONE PRODUCTS RCaubblbees,r aBnodotWs iarned InSshuoleastinMgfg......................44414770 RR uubbbbeerr GRoecoldasi.mNin. gO....C.................................................. 44441000 R ubber Tire M anufacturing ........... 4420 Benzol poisonBinE Ng Z OisL --cauCsAeUdS Eby the inhalation of benzol fumes if benzol is used in the m anufac stuorlveenotf irnubcbeemr,enetiitnhger ainnd tshpereraudbibnegr orpoellrsatoiornass. a Benzol it used shCoOuNldT RbOeL replaced with other suoslevdenwtsi.th dEoxwhnaudstrafvteneftfielactti,opnarstyicstuelmarslyshoonubldencbhe sahnodulhdanddescoripbeerattihoenses. coTnhdietioennsg. ineering reports June 1, 1937 ] T he E m p l o y e r s ' G r o u p e t or \ ./\*' *; t E n g in e e r in g M a n u a l [ P a g ? -21 Lead Oxide, L iLthE AargeD -----CisA UoSfEten a constituent of rubber. Exposure to it is lim ited to one or two minge.n who weigh out the Litharge for rubber m ix R espirators shoulCdO NbTeR OuLsed and m edical ex aminations given. Lead pots should be ventilated. 1. Is Litharze used NinO TrEuSbber operations? 2. Are respirators used? In connection SwP EitChIA LsoNmOeT E of these clarifica stioo.nas cthoemreplemteayrehpeofritreshaonudldexhpelossuiobnmhitatezda.rds. If 9 SCHEDULAENDX --BORNUEBPBREORDUCOCTMSPOSITION Composition goods. Plastic ............. 4484 Benzol, D erm atitiEsX. P O S U R E In the m anufactureC AoUfS Em any com position sub estnatnsceiss fcoarlmleadlinplaosrticfso,rmonaeldeohfytdhee. m^aiinth coplnassttiitcus ifnormsoalildinfoisrmn,otsuachfaacstobra. keFiioterm. caalisneinitspellafstiisc,vtehrye irritIaftibneznztool tisheussekdinasanadsomlvuecnot uisn maneymwbraayn. ei.t can cause poisoning. The hazard can bCeO NmT RinOiLm ized by the follow ing: 21.. PUrsoepoefr ovtehnetrilastoilovnentast fthore bpeoniznotl.of origin of the fumes. 1. Is form alin used?N O T E S 2. Is benzol used in any quantity? W henever volaStPilEeC IAaLndN OinT Eflam m able solvents are used in quantities in this or other similar fcilraessaifnidcateioxnpslo, sicoonmhpaleztaerdsresphoorut ldorbethseubmpoisttseibdl.e ASC&HEDg ULr E X' -- . Horn bone, ivory g o o d s .................... 4485 Erysipeloid. EX P O SU R E Erysipeloid is confinCeAdUpS Erincipally to those risks ubsuitntognsb.oneItsuicsh saws inine tehreysmipaenlausfacftruorme owf obuonndes cmaeuastedanbdyfibsho-npeacpkuinngctoupreesratsiuocnhs. asThdeesfcrreiqbuedenciny of such cases may be high. 1. Sterilization of CbOoNnTeR.O L This is not possible in many instances. 2. Careful inspection by assured of employees' hands. 3. Ccloeannstlainnetssc. are on the question of personal 4. wP raoshpienrg. washing facilities with supervised 3. P roper medical supervision of injuries. Strictly speaking thNiOsT Eis not an occupational wdihseearese. .becHaouwseevitesr,priet viesntiinocnlufdroemd hanereenzainndeeerilnsez oafndocmcuepdaictaiolnsatlanddispeoaisnet hisazsairmd.ilar to certain types SCHEDULE XII -- PAPER AND PULP, PAPER PRODUCTS AND PRINTING Abrasive paper and cloth preparation 1860 Silicosis. EXPO SU RE CAUSE be Sgielniceorsaitsedcandubrienzcavuaseridoubsy psraoncdessdeuss.t tIhtatis mnaoyt ccooantsicdleortehd, atrheatcaeumseesryofasnildicocsairsb. orHuonwduevme,r,uwsehderetoeovf etrhetheursee mofaythebsee vtewryo dsuubstsytancocensd,itoiothnserbpynreeuamsoonnaoncdonbieosaisscroirberdestpoirtahtoervducsot.nditions mav develop CONTROL The hazards can be considerably minimized by1. Installation of adequate exhaust ventilation systems over various operations. 2. Use of respirators wherever possible. N O TES tionInreapdodrtitisohnoutlod obtrhinegr ionuftorimn adtieotani,l tthhee finosllpoewc ing: 1. Is flint or quartz sand used? 2. W hat are the conditions of general dustiness? 3. Is dust removal equipm ent adequate? 4. Are respirators used? SCHEDULE XII -- PAPER AND PULP. PAPER PRODUCTS AND PRINTING LLeinaodtyPpiepean'dP roCmomSpcohsietdiounle ..I.T....I.. .. 43333018 Newspaper Publishing ................. P rintinz .............................................. .. 44320989 STpvrpienkFiionuzndMrieasnuifFarcotiunriSncghe.d...u..l.e....1 .) 33538336 Pagt 2 2 ] - CD 30048 T h e E m plo yer s' G ro u p E n g in e e r in g M a n u a l [ June 1, 1937 Lead poisoning. E X P O SU R E CAUSE ing Cleaaseds fuomf leesadthaptoicsoomniengfrocman threesumltatfrriAommienlthinagl pot. tvpe casting machines and linotype machines. Cases of lead poisoning are infrequent in connec tion with hand composition or printing opera* tionAs imnvoorelvisnegriothues ulesaedofpoleisaodnibnagsehtayzpaer.d is pres ent in connection with the manufacture of pipe lbeuatd ththeanonilny rtheaesoontheforrctlhasissifiiscathtieongsrenaotteerd vaobluomvee, of material that may he handled. CO N TRO L respTehcet tfoolmloiwniinmgizpinrgacttihceeslecaadn pboeisofonlilnogwehdaz.awridth: 1. Ionfstmalollteexnhatyupste hmooedtalo. ver the tanks and pots 2. Pplrooypeeers mwheodicaarle eexxapmosinedatitoonsleaodf tfhuomsees, eimn cplourdtianngt sbtleopodfoerxaamn inasastiuornesd. toThcoisnsiisdearn, bimut imt esnhtoubledfobree dmiscauksisnegd awniyth stuhceh CrleacimomDmeepnadrat tion. It is often necessary to provide artificial ven ttiiloantiownithwitthhe cHoonosdidseoravbelre maeirltivneglopcoittys ianndcotnannkesc. Ntoatruemraol vsetacakll v:ennetifluamtioens. isAsneyldolemadef.ifnicitehnet emnoolutgenh sptoaitseoncinang apnrdodtuhcee lofwu-mteesm peenroautguhre toof cthaeusemolleteadn mtileattaiol nc.annot be used as an excuse for lack of ven It is necessary to have the best of medical ad vpilcoeyeiens thsehomuleddicnaolt ceonndtreoalvoorf lteoadtrpeaotisothneinmgs.eElvmes with milk, lime water, cathartics, etc. N O TES ing Isnhoaudldditbioen cotom poltehteerly indfisocrumssaetidonin, tthhee ifnosllpoewc tion report: 1. W hat is the exposure to lead fumes? 2. Are ventilating -exhaust hoods provided? 3. W hat are the''me<fical arrangem ents? - SCHEDULE XII -- PAPER AND PULP PAPER PRODUCTS AND PRINTING Fibre Goods M anufacturing ........... 4263 Paper M anufacturing ....................... 4239 PuplproceMssan.u..f..a..c..t.u...r..i.n..g.......--.........c..h..e..m....i.c..a..l 4207 PuplprocMesasnu..f.a..c...t.u..r..i.n...g..--.....g..r..o...u..n..d......w...o..o..d. 4206 m anTuhfeasceturpearotficpualaprer cdlaossniofitcasteieomns tocopvreersienngt athney sdeenfsineiteofoctchuepatteiormna.l dSisoemasee hcahzeamrdic, ailns thuesesdtrfiocrt birlreiatacnhtisnganpduropcocsaessi,onsualclhy caaussseodciounmdsituiolpnhsitoef, daerre matitis. Chemical recovery processes that are us nuoatllyseeinmcidtoenptraelsteontthaensye scelarisosuifsichataizoanrsdsli.kewise do 0 SCHEDULE XII -- PAPER AND PULP. PAPER PRODUCTS AND PRINTING Engraving ............................................... 4352 Photo Engraving ................................. 4351 EXPO SU RE Chromium poisoning, dermatitis. CA U SE causWe hliitlteleittroisubtrleuefrothmata thheeaselthtwstoancdlpasosiinfitc,atthioenres adreermoactcitaissiotnhaal t caasreisse.of Tchherocmhiruomm iupmoispooniisnogninogr iTshuesucaollnvdiitnionthse offordmeromf ahtiatnisd oicrrciutar tiionn aollr ouflcetrhse. chem ical processes, and in engraving it is found among the hand printers. CO N TRO L About the only thing that can be done is to insist upon care in personal cleanliness. SCHEDULE XIV -- WOOD SPalasnh.inDg ooorr MorouAldssinemg bMledillMs ..i.l.l..w...o..r..k.....M....i.g.............. 2.031, Carnentrv -- shop only -- excl. comm. BolautmBbueirldiynagrd--s C...a..b..i..n..e..t....W.....o...r..k..s.............................................. 223S0125 VVeenneeeerr PPrroodduuccttss MMfigg............................................................................................ 22991156 PWaottoedrnTuMrnaekdinPgr.o...d..u..c...t.s....M....f.g.................................................................. 22779904 CCoafbfiinneotrWCoasrkkset--MfWg. iothr pAoswseemr bdlriinvge.n.....m...a...c..h.. 22S81024 TBailnlkia.rSdeTataobrleCMabfign.e..t...M....f..g.......................................................................... 22887204 FOurgrnanituBreu iMldfgin. g--....A...s..s.e..m....b......o...r...F...i.n...i.s...h................................. 22893230 PPiipaneoMofrgP...l.a...y..e..r....P...i.a..n...o....M....f..g...................................................................... 2923 2791 W oodcnware Mfg...................................................... 2341 EXPO SURE prodInuctasnyareclafsinsiifsihceadtiownithin pwaihnitchor wloacoqdueorr, twhoeorde ma1y. bLeeacdasepsoiosfo:ning from lead base paints. 2. Buseendzoals paoliascoqnuinegr tfhrionmnerb.enzol that may be June 1, 1937 ] T he Employees' Group 9 Engineering Manual [ Pj %c 23 3. D erm atitis from hand operations such as rub nbointgpaarntdicuflialirnlyg. imThpiosrtalanstt.-named hazard is CO N TRO L tionAlwl isthpratyhepseainctliansgsiftihcaattiomna;y sbheoudlodnebein dcoonneneicn hbaouostht santhdatveanrteilpatrioopne.rly equipped with am ple ex N O TES larlTy neem fpohlalosiwziendg incotnhdeitiionnsps ecsthioonuldrepboert,painrticaud rdeiptioornt: to the other questions contained on that 1. Are lead-base paints used? 2. Iits ubseendzoiln uasendy aosthaerpawrat yo?f the lacquer or is 3. Aprroepesprlryayexbhoaouthstsedi?n operation and are they 4. tAorebethcearreeleasnslyy hcaanrrdiedopoenr?ations th at appear opeIrnatitohno,sesilcicaosessis wmhaeyrehesafnoduinndg ammaocnhginethseaorepeirn cahtiionness oafre thineseusem. atchheiynessh. oulWd hbeeneevqeur iptpheesde wmitah reeffpiociretnst sdhuosutldreemxpolvaailn styhsitsemcosnadnitdionthein indseptaeicl.tion S P E C IA LS -- N O TE Spray painting operations, where quick drying fpiareintosr oexr pllaocsqiounershaazraerdsu.sedT, hcearnefoprree,sesnutchdecfoinnidtie ttiioonns rsehpoourtl.d be carefully explained on the inspec 9 SCHEDULE XVI -- METALLURGY LefaidninSgme..l.t..i.n..g...,....S...i.n..t..e..r.i..n..g......a..n...d.....R...e..- 1430 M etitoaln Re..f..i.n..i..n..g.....--.......N...o......O...r..e.....R...e..d...u..c. 1413 SSmmeellttiinng':, aSndintSeriinntge rionrg .R...e..f.i..n..i.n...g.....--... 1437 Metals N7. 0 . C. ~ .................1438 EXPO SURE or tLheeadsmpookieso, noirngexcpoomsuesrefrtoomd,uinsthainlincgrutshheinfgumthees druec.ed Tthoe rehcaozvaerrd ,fihned elefaindi.te Lweahdensmtheeltionrge iiss trhee otipmeersatitohnerewmhiacyh bceonitnatienrsmtihneglsinergiooufs shmaezlatrindg. oApt erations in risks classified as metal refining. CO N TRO L High stacks and Cottrell precipitators. b3g fpihlteerres. areHuo*seed mtoasrkesmoshvoeutlhde bleeadusferdomwhtheen awtmoorks Tmheenre arsehouclldeanbiengsompreecpiproitgartaomrs oofn mbeadgicahl ocuosen. trol in lead smelters. N O TES 1. Dtheescmriebteal ththeatkiinsdreofifneodr.e that is smelted or 2. W hat is the approxim ate lead content? 3. o"Wffhtahte isfumthees?height of stacks used to carry 4. Atoreretchoevreer tahney mCeottatlrleicll fupmreecsip?itators in use 5. Wpohisaotninhgas cabseees?n the experience with lead 6. cAlreeanihnogseprmecaispkastorus?sed when emptying or 7. Describe all m ethods of medical control. 8. W hat other m ean; are used to keep atmos spthaeckres?free from lead that may escape from 9 SCHEDULE XVI -- METALLURGY Ore M illing ............................................ 1452 Silicosis. EXPO SU RE CAUSE atioSnilibcyosriesascoann ohfe thaeseqruioaurtsz hdauzsatrdproindutcheids ofrpoemr tahehagzoalrdd-hethaaritngisorperse.seMnterwcuhreyn ptohiesroeninisg aism. aallgsoa, cmuartyiobny odfistthilelatoioren.and the recoverv of the m er CO N TRO L the Tdhuesret fisronmo ssatatimsfpactomriyllsm. eRtheosdpiroaftoprsrevsehnotuinldg ebme pwlooyrene, shutht aitt tihs isexstrheomueldly hdeiffdiocunlet. to convince N O TES 1. W hat is the character of ore mills? 2. Are respirators w-orn? 3. Is am algam ation andmercury distilling done? SCHEDULE XVII -- METAL FORMING Cutlery M anufacturing N. O. C.................3112 File Mfg............................~............................... 3117 H ardw are N. O. C.......................................... 3146 Tool Manufacturing -- Agricultural Construction etc..................................... 3126 Tool M anufacturing N. 0 . C. Forged .. 3112 Tool M anufacturing N. 0. C. M achining or Finishing ................................. 3114 Tool M anufacturing N. 0. C. Not forged 3113 EXPO SU RE Silicosis -- pneumonoconiosis -- lead. ___________________ r 30050 Pj j ? 24] T he Employees' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 193" S3 U C O S I5 CAUSE High speed wet grinding, using natural sand siftonceontwinhueoeulss,lydeivnehlaolpesd,a cadnustc-aluadseensilmiciosstisw. hIitchis, nifotthcios nosipdeerraetdiotnhaist tnhoetrecaisrriaedreaoln.sileicxocseipst hwazhaerrde tbhlaesret moapyerabteiosnasndbalraest porpeesreantito, nst.heyIf tshheosueldsanbde treated as in a foundry. andInohtahleartioanrtiofifcidaul stabcrraesaitveed bwyhetehles ucsaen ofdeevmeeloryp bolteh.erWfhoirlme s thoifs phnaezuamrdoniosconnoitoscisonosirdelruendg totrobue umnaunsyuasltlayteselariwosusf,reitquisendtleyfinreitqeu, irneeveexrthhaeulestssh, oaondds for grinding wheels. It is difficult to CpOrNoTvRidOeL exhaust ventilation wfohrewelethsaasndtsotonbee wuhseedels,foars sthoem auccthuaalregarionfditnhge ompeenrtatoiofnt.heInwthheoesle nceaesdes hwe heexrpeoosendly foarsmgrainlldisnegg, there is no reason why the wheel should not be pprroovviiddeedd, wthiteh iaollhoowoidn.z sWhohuelrde bheoogdisvecnandneofitnibtee consideration: 1. Wwhheeerlesvewr ithpossspiebclieal reaprtliafciceialthewhesealnsdsttohnaet hcuavtleeryb,eeannd deeqsiuginpedthefsoer wghrienedlsinwg ithtooelxshaaunsdt hoods. 2. Mexahcahuisnte hgoroidnsd.ers should be provided with 3. nRoetsppiroastsoibrsle shtooupldrovbidee uesxedhauwsht evreevnetirlatiitonis. The engineering rNeOpToErSts should particularly emphasize the following points: 1. Ausreed hfoigr hw-septeegdrindniantgu?ral sandstone wheels 2. eAxrheaudsrty hogoridnsd?ing operations provided with 3. Atioren risesnpoirtatpoorsssiubslee?d where exhaust ventila - ' > S*"tEAI> Lead poisoning <-*CsArCi5'dEevelop from inhaling ofufmheesat ftrreoamtm elenatd(cypaontisde upsoedisoniinng siosmae distytipnecst hthaizsarids inin thheeant attureraetmofenatn wexhterreem eit aicsciudseendt, hbauzt apordse)s. aLnedadshpooutlsd mliakye walissoe bhee used zuar for ded . o th e r pur Ail lead pots CsOhNouT RldO L be equipped with ppreorapteurreexohfautshte hmooodltse,n irlereasdp,ecftoirvethoef htahzeartdemis present even at low tem perature. The following poiNnOtsT EsShould he particularly discussed in the engineering reports: 1. Is lead used in heat treating operations? 2. Aharuestlehaododpso?ts provided with adequate ex 3. W hat is the exposure to lead poisoning? 9 SCHEDULE XVII -- METAL FORMING -- FOUNDRIES Car W heel M anufacturing -- Cast . .. 3333 Cast Iron Pipe (Centrifugal! .................. 3093 Cast Pipe (Sand Process) ........................ 3089 H eater and R adiator ................................. 3173 Iron -- N. 0. C................................................ 3081 Ironware, M anufacturing -- Enam eled. 3091 M alleable Iron ............................................... 3086 Non-Ferrous C astings- ................................. 3083 Steel Castings ................................................. 3082 Stove M an u factu rin g .................................... 3169 EXPOSURE ing.Siblircaosssis,fooutnhdeerr'spnaeguume,ocmonainogsaisn,esleeapdoipsoonisinogn, cadmOniuemofptohiesonminogst. dainfdficuplht ooscpchuoproatuisonpaol isdoisneiansge. problems in industry arises from foundry opera tiinoznspuinrpwosheisc.h sIatndis isnoutseodnlfyor dmiffoilcduilntgtoanedstcimleaantetfhoeunedxrtieens,t baundt . isteviserviteyryofditfhfeicuhltaztaorddeevxiissetinpgraicn Ttichaelrefmoerean, sinofevceoryntrionlstafnocre thweheerexisatinfgounhdazryardis. bineinthze inmspoestctethdoraonudghstuadnideda, cicturmatuest mbaenndeorn.e sIot sinheosuslddobees rneaoltizmedeatnhatthtahte thabesreencise noof vhisaizbalerd.dusItt Losuspecrofencctelyntrpaotisosniblaendto hhaavvee itfinienvdisuisbtlei.n dOanngtehre oathfoeurnhdaryn,d,it wishefareirvleyr ctehretraein isthvaitsiyboleu dhuasvteinaesdsefini nite hazard. SILICOSIS Silicosis is developeCdAUwSE-hSen fine quartz or silica poapretriactlieosn*areininhaalfeodunodvreyr athpaetrioindvoolfvetismed.usTtheesxe pinozs.urpeoaurreinzsa. ndshapkrienpzaraotuiot.n,anmdoldclienagn, incgo.re Tmheaskewcaiullsesheofdidsucsutssiend a infoudnedtaryil. to show the various SAND PREPARATION foreSiaznnd mparteepriaarlast,iosnifticnognstiostsproofpethr esizree,motevmalpeor-f ibnlzendbyinzthwe itahddoitthioenr mofatemrioailssturtoe porrodbuincedear, saanndd having the proper qualities for moidinz use. There June 1, 1937 ] *3} ' ` 'A vJ-J-. T he Employers'- G rout Engineering Manual f PiSc ?s ihsascoanlrseidaderyabbleeenexupsoesdu.reTihnis psraenpdarhinasg bseaennd ththoart otruegmhelyly ddruiesdty otuot hbayndtlhe.e hTohte moertdailnaarnyd prisoceexd uhirgehisatnod shtwovoelotrhethrseaend feinetto waidpei,leruanbnoiuntg a bfaocokt Tabhoisutpi1l5e iosr w2e0t dfeoewtn frboymthtrhoew imngolsdecvr'esralstabtuiocnk. ethtse opfilew, attheernontheit.veornylywewt eattnidngthdeowvenryoudtrsyidseanodf aterre. wInorktheids tmoganetnheerr, abyvemrvealanrsaeofamthoeunstanodf dcuustt tishegesnaenrdatead. mIot dweroautled bame obuenttterbteofomreoisstheonveallllinogf sinatnod tahned plielaevinragthtehre trheamnaisnodaekrinicn sdorvmepoowf dethrve feoitrhme.r iTnheansainsdolasteepdaraseticotinonshoofuldthebebucailrdriinedg oonr wathennightht.ereAarseanodthceur ttmerenshwoourldkinngotunbleessopreersapteidr ators are provided. The operator of the sandtcyuptete. r should wear a respirator of an approved prepInaraintisopnecsthinogulda bfoe uonbdsreyr,vetdhecamreeftuhlolyd aonfd saalnsdo iatllsyhocualrdriebde orenmaetmnbiearhetd. othr aitn thsoismwe ocrakseiss ignentehre eaanrlyinsmpeocrtniionnz. maandde thatatreitguwlaoruldhounrost. heIt seisenimin oppoertraantitontshatthatthearienscpaercriteodr oshuot uilnd tsheee faolul nodfryt.he M O LD IN G meaMnsolodfinag pisatttehren aartcaovfityprloadteurcifnilgledinwsiathndmbovl tienng tmheetaslh,awpehicohf tuhpeonoricgoionlailngpagtitveersn.a Icfatshtier.cmhoalvd itnhge filsasdkoonre cboyntahiannedr aandshtohveelbuisckuseendd foorr afihlalinpd; irnagms.mtehre issaunsdedmtoayprbeessatdhdeedsanbdy. mTeoanr slaorfgear scaansdt a"ltionrgesrh, owulhdichweisara averryespdiursattyorp, roacnedss.noTteheshoopueldr btreibumteads etoatshetogehnoewralmduucshtintehses. saOnnd celritnaginer tycpoens oinfgwcoormk pthouendesxpmosauvre bteo qthueiteduhsitghf,roamndthseo pitarits very important that a non-silica parting compound shouTlhderbee iisnssisotmede uepxopno.sure during the molding pisr.ogceensesratollydusisfttefdromintjtoh/ethem omldoilndg, bsuant dg, eanserathlliys tisbiscosmanpdariastisvueflfyicinenetgllyi"gmiboleis.t soThtheraet tihsisliettxleposthuaret csaannd,heanddonsoe eafbfoorutt attheduestxpcoosnutrreol toshothueld mboeldcionng cgerenatrtalytedminonimimzeodr.e severe hazard which can be CORE MAKING to wChoircehmaakbiinngdeisr thhaes pbroeecnessadodf emd,akthineg soof-csaalnledd, inagndhoclolroews, itnotebreiorusceadviitniesproorduseccintigoncs.astiTnhgesyhaarve mmaacdheinfersomanddamthpensantrdanisnfecrroerde btooxebsakoinr ginovceonres fmoor ldhearrsd.eniCnogr,e pmasatekde,rsfiattreed eaxnpdosseudpptolieddryto dtuhset maroisviinngg frthoem btahkeedcorceorheos arfdromin tthhee porvoecnesssanodf rien cplreeasnseindg atihr efobrocalredasn. ingExtcheeptbafkoerdthceoruess,e oorf bcloowm- isnhgouthlde bseanndo fraopmprethcieabcloerehamzaakrdin. g machine, there POURING in Ta hfeoruenidsrycownshiidleeratbhlee dmuesttalanids bsmeionkge pporuesreedn.t Htuoawl epvoeurr,invgeroypleirtatlteionof dtoheiss niost sciloicnatr,ibauntde tghreeatalcy tmoanthye foocucnudpraietisonthale dsihsaekasee ohuatzawrdo.rk Hstoawrtesvewr,hilien the pouring is still in operation, and so the m old ers are for a short time exposed to the worst ccoonudntietiro.n, Athftaetr tthhee cwaostriknegrss hoanvethbeeesnhapkoeuroeudt aennd sfluafsfkicsiebnytlya pcrooocleesds, ktnhoewyn aarse threemshoavkeed ofurto.mwhtihche mingasy brayngheanfdromto ththee siumsepleofduomveprihnegadofctrhaneescastot sfruepepdorwt itthhe baflrasskussewdhialse btahteterciansztinrgasmsa.reThbiesinigs ptoerihnapisndtuhsetryd.ustIinesatsmwuocrhk aths atthemednustarethaetxptohseesde msileicna,3raendexfpuortsheder tothactonthtaeirnes isa nJoarzseimapmleoumnet ano-f oinffomrimniamtiiozninzcotnhciesrnexinpgostuhries, tphreocneessedinfoar afcocnunruartve ais caepnptararel nts.hakTeheoubteswt hseorleutimonecthoantihciasl pvroibcreast-orIss iatreisusseelddoumndtehratanoneexhfianudsst.ibiDs ume ettohotdheuseexdp.enTshee, whaovrek lsehfto,ulsdo base tdoonceut adt onwinzhttheaftneurmtbheer mofoldmeerns ewxepaorsereds. pirTahtoersmaennd esnhcoaugledd boenrothtaetedw-owtkithsnsooumide other iob so that their total exposure' on this type of work will be under ten years. CLEANING meaTnhseofcatsutmingbslinagremcillelsa,nesadndofbaladsht ecrianbzinseatsn,d anbdv bwlhaislte binavrorelvlsingora ssaenridousbleaxspt otsaubrlee,s.is oTnehisthawt ocrakn, bbearreenltsireolyr ctaobnltersollsehdo. ulTd hebsee esaxnhdaubsltaesdt caanbdinethtse, tdhuestvouatsiirdedisacirh.argSedandthrbnlauszthinga sfhiloteurld svbsetemdonteo watiotrhinshoanuldexhbaeusptreodteccltoesdedbycabainpeot siatnivde thperesospuerre hmealkmeest awsiathferaiarbrfarsoimve athcalnea"nansdoufrrcoem. aSnteoecl cu"hpoat tciaountaiol ndissheoauseld sbtaenudspeodi.nt,Italsthhoouulgdhbethreemsaemmebeprered tmheant t thise mduuc"ht ehniczonuenr teinresdiliirna tthheanclienantihneg dduestpaernt countered in anv other part of the foundrv. and PaSt l i ] Or 30052 T he E mployers' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937 spoartthmeesnltigshhtoeustldambeourenpt oorftevdi.sible dust in this de- CONTBOL 1. Sanandisoplarteepdarsaetciotinonshoof utlhde bfeoucnadrrryiedbuoilndining or at night. 2. Twheear oapreerasptoirratoorf otfhethesaanpdprocuvettder tyspheo. uld 3. The sand cutter should not be operated when there are other men working unless respirators are provided. 4. wAent efufnoirftosrhmoiulyld ibnestemaaddeotfo whaovrkeintghe ssoamnde powder dry sand into very wet sand. 3. aMraetniosnhowuolrdk,npoatrtbiceulkaerplyt oopnertahteingsanthde psraenpd cutter for any length of time. 6. Sclhoaskeedrsanadndeqruididplpeesd, swhoituhldexbheaustot tavlelyntiilna tion wherever possible. 7. Musoeldoifnga osipliecraatfiorenes psharotuinldg bceomcaproruiendd.onTthhke fisoupnradcriteicsa. l in all except some m alleable iron 8. Sreasnpdisralitnogrse.r operators should wear approved 9. SCuocretioRnoosmho.uldCobrees uasendd fCoorreclbeoanarindgs sinhouthlde not be blown off with compressed air. 10. If possible the castings should not be dumped from the fiasks u n til after the pouring is com ppelertieedn.cesTnhyis thcuetsmdooldwenrs.onwhthilee ethxepyosuarree deox ing very hard physical labor. 11.bCraetnotrrsalarsehaukseedouutns dewr haenre exmheacuhstanhicoaold viis itnhethoenlsyhackoemopulettepesroioludt.ionHotowetvheer, eixnpomsuorset fhoauvnedtroiesbeexmpeotsubrye dthuerinmgenthewesahraikneg oruest pwiriall tmorisnimanudmdoaimngouthnet woformk eant nairgehte,xspoostehda.t the 12.inThseommeosctapsersactwicilall bsoelutthioant toof trhoistatpinrogblethme msheonuldwhboe wkeoprkt aosnlohwis asjobp"o. ssiTbhlee aenxdpomsuorset certainly should_jaot run over 10 years. -13.dAonlle wbyorka mina,,ns^ameil-ebclatesdt cbaybianeptsossithivoeuldprebse sure helmet witn air from a clean source. 14. Steel shot should he substituted for sand wherever possible. 13.tiTmhee tsotereelmsohvoet sthhoeualdbrbaesesdiftpeadrtifcrolems otifmseantdo that accumulate from the,castings. 16.frTohme tchleeafnoinugnddryepparrotmpeern.t should he isolated 17. aTdeuqmubaltienlyg ebxahrraeulsstedsh. ould be enclosed and 18. All sand blast cabinets, barrels and tables should be exhausted. 19.thAellclaebarnaisnigveofwchaesetlisngusssehdoufoldr bsenaegxghinagustaendd. 20.syTshteemdsuhsotyuldairbeacdciuscmhualragteedd tihnrotuhgeh eaxhfailutesrt soyfsttehme tdoustht egeotutitnsigdebaacirk. Iifnttohetrhee isplaancth,anthcee cyclone dust erector is not adequate. N O TES An occupational disease report on a foundry should emphasize the following information: 1. tNecutmiobne.r of sand blasters and type of pro 2. tChoamt pisledteondeebscyripsatinodn. of any other cleaning 3. eTrhse anndumwbheerthoefr sotartinoontartyheayndaresweinxghaugsrtiendd. 4. Twhheethnerumorbenrot otfheymaercehaenxihcaaul steridd.dles and 5. The num ber of sand "lingers. 6. Tcuhteterd.escription of the operations of the sand 7. Dreosepsirathtoer?operator of the sand cutter wear a 8. Hthoewsamndancyuttmerenis airne oinpertahteionf.oundry while 9. Condition of the dust collection system. (a) oIsr tchoellfeacntoro.n \tThheatcleiasn thsiedecoofndthiteionfiltoefr the fan and are the blades in good con dition? tb l Hmaavkee aslulreexthhaautstthleinyesdibscehenargceheicnktoed thtoe dust filter? (c) Emxaakme in3eurethethaotuttloertn osfcrteheensduasrte fnilotet rletto ting dust past. 10. Dpeersicordiipctaiollny oafndtheis raafvtearcsu;umar-ecltehaenyer csleyastneemd used? , 11. Dtheescfroiupntidorny.of the general housekeeping of 12. Is the floor dirt or concrete? 13. Is a non-silica parting compound used? 14. Aouvte,racgleeanaigneg, ocforme emn aiknintgheanmd osladnindg,pesrhfaokrea tion? 15. The size of castings? LEAD POISONING Lead pois o n in g .-nCayAUhSEeS acquired w h e n alloys cqounirteadinitnog mleealtd tharee acllaosyt., sAomt ethoef ttehme pleeraadtuirse vroel adteinliszeesd toandforims caerxrtireedm einlyto ftihnee apiarrtwichleesre oift lceoand or lead-oxide. The inhalation of these fine par- June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ 27 lpiocliessonoinvger. aTpheerrioedisofaltsiomea whiallzacradusien stehveeregrlienadd iinngg ooff ilreoand wceoanrt.aining alloys and in the enam el causTehetrofoulblolew: ing alloys contain sufficient lead to boxBmatetetarly, wplhaittees,maenttailm, oanluiaml inleuamd, smoladzenr,olmiaa. ricnaer b50aGbbiltetads.awHduasrtd.w aTrehebsreonazlelo, ysshipalslaiclobnrtaasisn, soovmeer jcoounrtnaianl baeacroinngsisd, eraanbdle soammeouonft thoef lfeuasdib. le Inallothves epnoasmureeletdo ilreoandwparoeisomniannguffarcotmurethteheirnehailsatiaonn eoxf lperaoddudcut.st from the enam el use to finish the CONTROL venItinonadodfitileoand tpooitshoeninogrd, insuacryh masetthhoed dorifnkpinreg oafdemquilakt,ecwaraesfhuilngpefrascoinliatliehsyagniednep,rothpeerre roisomnesedseopf arate from the room in which the lead operations arerceomcamrreienddeodn. . the following practices should he 1. Mquealtteinghoopdosts asnhdouhladvebearteifqiuciipalpevdenwtiliathtioandeif the lead content in the metal is high. 2. Loveeard thceastpinogintmoafchoipneersatisohno.uld have hoods 3. Lpreoavdedcalestaedrs dusshtoureldspibreatoprsr.ovided with ap hauTsthevseentsilhaotiuoldn ahned ussheodulidn naodtdbiteiornegtaordeexd as a substitute. 4. Lead melting pots should be equipped when etuvreer rpeogsusilbalteionw, itihD soormdeer fotorm proefvetnetm poevrear heating of the alloys. F ahIrfenthheeit,tethmepreerawtiulrlebeislitktleeplteadbeleoswcap7in5g0 through the air. 5. Squparatey ebxohoathusst shvoenutlidlatbieone. quipped w ith ade 6. bPeonlicshheisngshoaunldd. beinsppreocvtiidnegd woiptehrabtieonncsh eaxt haust hoods. -; 7. "Wherever possible,, enam el not having a lead base should be used. 8. Isnhourledcobme mtaeknedningth'aat ntohne-lesaudbsteintuatme elreccoamre smileicnadedor dofleusosniloitcacteo.ntWainhearelaarglleoyasmcoounnttaionf ing a poured, cito inss iaddevriasbalbel e amount of to use fairly lead small are pots wanidll tsohopwoutrheonalvlloay fetow bmeolpdo;uraet da atitmae.mTuhcih3 ltoowoevretrehmeaptetrhaeturme etthalaninwohrednerit thisatnetcheesslaarsyt orifghat steermiepseroaftumreo. lds can be poured at the BRASS FOUNDERS' AGUE The shakes or ague is caused by exposure to tchreucicblloeusdsandof lazdinlecs odxuirdieng ththaet pesocuarpineg froofmbrathsse. Btorazsisncfovuanpdoerrss aarnedsuablljewctortkomaenn ilwlnheossarreeseemxpbolsinegd saynmipnttoemrms iattreentnaufesveear, eoxfhaiursrteigounl,arpaintyspeins. limTnhse, ha neda d apcrohfeu, s ec hsilwlse,atsionmg .e timA me so nvgo mbirtainssg ,f oouf tnedne rf;evthere, cthoendpitliaonnt swomheentimtehse omccaunrs haafstebr etehne afwirsaty dfaoyr ina couple of days. POURING OF BRASS the Tmheeltfiunmg easnidn pthoeurminogldoifngallrooyo.m Ianrethceaufsoerdmbeyr ouppertahteionfutrhneacgerefaluteer, phourttiosonmoef tmheayfuemsceaspeescianptoe Tthhee rofuommesberciasueseratphiedlyhooadndi,s unnolteslsargae suefnfoicuigenht. othpreonuignghoiust ptrhoevidroeodmt.herTe,hethleaydlaerecadrirsiseerms, ineastpeed cairaellymothree rdeiarrecmtleyn eoxnpothseedhuthllanladtlhees oorthcerrucwibolerks, ers. CONTROL 1. eTnhoeughhoodto? ocvoellrectht ealflurtnhaecezsinschofuulmd ebse, leasrpgee ctoialplyouwr htehne tahlleoyf.urnace; are tilted in order 2. Tthhee asdtajockinifnrgombuthiledinhgoso.d ;oshothualdt rthisee faubmovees wthirlol ungoht thhee obploenwnskyhlaicgkht.into the foundry 3. Athne arratpifiidciarel mvoenvtaillaotifngthesysztienmc faudmeqeus atise tfhoer best method for eliminating the bras; foundrymen*3 ague. 4. Wpleintedloywasn, ddeofofresc,tuaanldly srkemyloigvhetsthdeozinnoct fucmome; ipnlacmedaniyn pforoupnedrrireeslatbieocnautosethethseoyurcaereof nthoet fcuromsess-cuarnredntbsecaanudse inosfuffitchieenciynteorffedrernafcte. of 5. mTheeltriengisofnothdeanazlleory firnompitfufmuernsacdeusr,inags tthhee fumes escape up the chimney. MANGANESE POISONING This may be causeCdAbUySESthe fumes from heated mgrainndgiannzeseanodr pforolimshinexgpoosfurme antogatnheeseducostntianinitnhge aallpoeyc.uliTahr eslsaypmpipntzomgasita, raendlanugnucoorntarondllasblleeeplainuegshs, taerre. cIrtipdpoleesdnofot rshliofret.en Tlihfee bfuoltlothweinpgoiaslolnoyeds mcoenn ta inMaann zaapnperseec ibarbolnez ea m--o u nSt'T ofmma nagnagnaensees:e :M anganin -- 4.157c manganese Magnetic alloy -- 267c ManDguaenestoe. its high boiling point, 19003 centi Pag 2 ] T he Employers' G roup 9 Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937. gwriatdhe,itsthuesree inshothueld nohne-felirtrtoleus haalzloayrds. cHononweecvteerd, hineetnhesemvearnaulfdacetauthre coafsems awnhgearneestehestmeeal,nstahneeresehwavaes melted instead of being added in solid form. CONTROL 1. nGersiendcinogn,taipnoilnisghinalglo, yansdhohuulfdfinbge ofdomneangoan wsyhseteemls. equipped with an adequate exhaust 2. The alloy should he made up by adding the seolelicdtricmafnugrnaancees.e and not m elting it in an 3. Ieflecittriics fnuercneascsea,ryittoshmouelldt mbeandgoanneesue ndinerana fhoorocde.d draft and poured under an exhaust CADMIUM POISONING CAUSES ing Tihs e exmpoossturceomtomothne cafuumseeso,f fcroamdm imumeltepdoicsoand mis iu7m7S..90I3t Cm.,elatsndats3o2i1t.6i3s3aC.vaenryd tvhoelabtioleilinmgapteoriinatl as well as a very poisonous one. CADMIUM spriIntkliesrsu,seadndinitceisrtasionmleotwimems elhtianngdleadlloyass tfhoer pure 3rise fmroemtal oinne jpoobubriinngg foofuon vd er irehse. a tFeadt acl iatdi ems iumma.y CONTROL cadCmairuem smhouuclhd obveer ttahkeemn etlotingavpooidinth. eaIttinsghouthlde bveenotinlalytionp.ouIrtedshoinuldroonmots bheavminegltedveriyn ecxrucceilblelenst tbheaetn aproeisonnoetd abdyeqcuaadtmeliyumfitstehdo.uldMneont bwehaollohwavede tcorucpiobuler. it Isfhoburlodwbne fcuomveesredareandcomallionwa efdrotmo ctohoel bpeefooprlee wpohuorianrge. faImt ilsiahrouwldithointlsy prboepehratinedsl.ed by PHOSPHORUS POISONING CAUSE5 in Tthheerme aisnuafapcotussriebioliftypohfospphhoospr hborrounszep.oisoPnhionsg phorous causes what is known as phossy jaw. After etixmpeosuthree tojawph-obsopnHe'objqeugjikn/sumtoes rfootr. a cFoonrstuidneartaeblyle, tahlleoryes.is Intotwmillucrhunphforospmhoarustraccoenttaoineads hinighmoasst .pShOoTr:-.broTnhzeerewhhaesre bteheen parocpaosertiroenpoorftepdhoosfphpohrouss in the bronze was only .76%. CONTHOL in tThhoesere foshuonudlrdiesbewehxecreelleitntisaratifpircaicatlicveenttoilaftoiromn pshhoouslpdhonro-bt rboenzree.quiIrfedpotossipboleur thaell osafmthee wbororknezres. NOTE shoAulnd oecmcpuhpaastiiozenalthedisfeoalsleowrienpgoritnfoonrmaatfioounn: dry banTdhieed cwomithpospiatirotincuolfaranaytteanlltoioyns tbheaint gmpigahidt htoe leadT, hzeintce,mmpearnagtaunreesea,t wcahdimchiutmhe amndetaplhiossppohuorreuds.. eithAerrearthtieficfiuaml eosr cnaartruireadl?away by the ventilation Are the grinding and buffing exhausted? 9 SCHEDULE XVII -- METAL FORMING Agate or Enam el W are M anufacturing . . . . 3224 Auto Parts M anufacturing (R adiatorl ......... 3307 Can M anufacturing ............................................... 3229 Fireproof E quipm ent (Furniture) ................ 3076 Lam p M anufacturing N. 0. C.......................... 3223 M etal Goo da, N. O. C............................................ 3400 M etal Sign M anufacturing ................................. 3064 Soda W ater Fountain and Apparatus M fg... 4940 Stove M anufacturing .......................................... 3169 EXPO SU RE Silicosis, Chromium poisoning, lead poisoning. SILICOSIS Silicosis C3n arise CiAnUStEhe following m anner: clea1n.ing oBf yshienehtalminegtalsapnadrtsdupstriofrromto eonnaemsealinndgblast oalrwapvasintiisnozla. tedThsoe tshaantdbtlhaestienxgpoospuereratmioany ihse notot balyl seamnpdlbolyaesteisnginhathsealrroeoamdy. bCeelenandiinsgcusosfedcaustnindgesr "Foundries." The exposure to CdOuNsTtROcLan he m inim ized by the following: 1. hEaquusitp vseanntidlbatliaosnt . cabinets with adequate 'ex 2. Pwroorvkidseanpdobsliatisvtiengp.ressure helmets for hand 3. Pdlrionvgidwe orrekspfirroatmorsthfeorstahnodsbelaesmt pclaobyieneests.han 4. Wsrihtserfeovrersanitd.caTnhibse mdaoynen,otsualbwstaiytus tebe mperatacl tical from a manufacturing standpoint. NOTES 1. Are sandblasting operations carried on? 2. Are they separated from other operations? 3. Are the operations enclosed? 4. Is the enclosure provided with exhaust ven tilation system? 3. Do andblaaters w ear positive prsesure he l mets? 6. mAarve hreespeixrantoosresd utsoedtnbiys odtuhset?r employers who June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ Pag? -29 7. uIsctv?itreous enam el used to finish the prod 8. fIsineisxhhianugstavdeenqtuilaattei?on in connection with this 9. Age and experience of m en? thatSimlicaoysisbecapnroadlsuocecdombey bvyitrineohuaslinegnaqmuealrtzspdruayst ifnrigt ai;ndusfeidn,ishthineg eonramberul sdhoinesg noopteruastuioanllsv. cUonntlaeisns silica. LEAD Lead poisoning canCAcUoSmEe from the inhalation opfainletsadusdedustto afnidnisfhumthees pfrroodmuctt.heTheenammoeslts caonmd manodn bsrouusrhciengofotpheersaetifounms.es and dust is in spraying CONTROL tendInttsoalrleamtioonveoftheeffidcuiesnt.t vIefnttihlaetinsgystseymsteims awdiell hqauzaater,d,itbuwtillalsroemtohvee sniloicta ohnalyzaprdartdioscfusthseed leimad mediately above. NOTES em pThhaesizfeodll.owing points should be particularly 1. Iass lbeaasde ooxfidtheeoer noatmheelr oleradpacinotmoprouins dist uusseedd as a part of the frit? 2. Lmeaandufmacatyuraelsoof bae pursoedducast saucmhataesriathl einmtahne upfraecctauurteionosf tloeapd-ustheinattoheedffeccatsksehtos.ulIdf bseo, stimhe-^ lielaard thoaztharodsse. dBersicerfilyb,edtheelyseawrheeraes fuonlldoewr s:the la) Aprllovliedaedd wwoitrhkinegfficoipeenrtateioxnhsaussthovueldntilbae lb ; Ptiroonp. er washing facilities should be sup (c) Rpelisepdi.rators should be used on in term it tpernatctiocpael.rations where ventilation is not CHROMIUM POISONING EXPOSURE Chromium poisoning and nickel rash can come from contact with chromium plating solution and inhalation or fumes that^arise from plating tanks. ~ CONTROL Methods of control are as previously described and, briefly, as follows: 1. Rubber gloves and rubber clothing should 2. Eheffiucsieendt feoxrhamuisxtinvgenatinldatiwoentsoypsetermatisohnos.uld be 3. iBnusftfailnlgedwohneelpslasiihnoguldandberipnrsoinvgidetdankws.ith an 4. eAffdieciqeunatteexwhaausshtinvgenftailcaitliitoines sysshtoemul.d be sup plied. In addition to otheNr OqTuEeSstions, the engineering rtheipnogrt hsahsoubldeepnardtiocnuelarwlyithemrpehgaasridzetowhtahte, ifabaonvye suggestions. 0 SCHEDULE XVII -- METAL FORMING Adding Mac(FhirnoemmSacnhuefdauclteuriXnVg INII. i0. C. . . . 3574 E lectroplating ......................................................... 3372 EXPOSURE causCehdrobmyiucmontpaoctisowniitnhg cahnrdomniiucmke,l sraaltshsoclauntiobne, ifnro mm ixpilnagtin go p etarna tkiso:n sa; n db y thteh edufsutm efsro mth a tbuaffriinsge wheels. withThtheree uisseaolsfo paontaasscicuimdenctyahnaizdaerdiningoclodnnpelacttiinogn noar tusirleveorf palantinegx.cepHtioownaelvearc, citdheisnt ishamzoarred irnaththeer than an occupational disease hazard. In addition to thCeONTgReOnLeral precautions that schhoroumldiuhme fpoolilsoowneindg,whtheere ftohlelorewinisg exshpoousuldre btoe given definite attention: 1. rPirnospinegr etaxnhkasu.st ventilation on all plating and 2. Lco'snetaocft roufbbtheer gskloivneswaitnhd thcleotchhinrogmtoiumprecvoemnt pound. 3. Apldieedq.uate washing facilities should be sup 4. Bquuafftiengexwhhaeueslts. should be provided with ade In addition to theNOToEtSher inform ation that sfohlolouwldinbge sihnocululddebde opnartthiceulianrslpyecetxiopnlairneepdoritn, tdhee tail: 1. qAuraetetaenxkhsauastndvenbtuiflfaetiros n?presided with ade 2. oWf hrautbbiserthgelopvreasctaicned wruitbhberregcalrodthtiongt?he use 3. W hat are the washing facilities? 4. Hdoonwe? much chrom ium or nickel plating is SCHEDULE XVII -- METAL FORMING BBaatttteerryy MMaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg ((dsrtyo)rag.e..)........................ 33664427 Almost every opeerjaiftioosnu rnlecessary to the m an ulefaadctouxriindge iosfhlaenaddlebdatpterersieesntsinawdheficinhitethaendleasdomoer times serious occupational disease problem. Lead Pag? 30 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 1937 pmoaitseorniainlsg ocran thceomienhfarloamtiontheofhalnedadlingfumofes thaensde dust. CONTROL mizTe htehefohllaozwairndg opfralecatidceps owisiollnidnog:much to m ini 1. bWehperroevviedrepdowssiitbhleadaellquleaatde aonpderaeftifoicniesntshfouumlde otyrpde.ustIet xmhaauyst,ofpterenfebreablcylaiomf etdhethdaotwnth-bislasist mimapnryacbtiactatel,rybuptlanitts isin awfhaiccth tehvaetrythpeoreintaoref ohpauesrat thioonodhsa. s Ibteeisr,alpsroovtridueedthwaitthrepdurocptieorn eoxf hchaninde ooppeerraattiioonnss taenndds intocredaescerdeasuese thoef hmaaz ard. 2. Aviddeedq.uate washing facilities should be pro 3. Ethmeiprloyweoerskinshgouclldothbieng enlacuonudraegreedd atot hleaavset twice each week. 4. Scoonmseideprreodg,ramalthoofumghedtihcael Ccoonrtproorlatsihoonuldengbie ntheeerCslhaiomuldD eaplwaratyms ednitscbuesfsortehims askuibnjgecrtecwoimth mendations. 3. fAolrle neemw pleomypmloeynetesinshoorudledr bteo edxeatmerimneinde beif there has been previous lead exposure. 6. nRoetsppiroastiotirvse mparyotehcetiounsebdy atantyimmese,anbsu. t are 7. cItoumntasymaatdetiminesordbeer ptooscsihbelcek ttohenaevffeiciednucsyt of the exhaust ventilation system. NOTES m itItend aodndittihoen etnogionteheerringgenreepraolrti,nefoacrmh aotipoenrastiuobn isnpecthteedse wcitlhasstihfiecatfioolnlos wsihnogulsdpecbiefic ctahroefuuglhlyts iinn m ind: 1. cIsontdhietioenx?haust ventilation system in proper 2. Is supervision of employees good? 3. Wlinhesast oisf tthhee gsheonperaalndcotnhdeitieomn polofyethees? clean 4. W hat is the m edical control program ? 3. Is special clo th irtg ^ ^ rn by the employees? SCHEDULE XVIII -- MACHINE SHOPS FINE MACHINES AND INSTRUMENTS BAogoritcaunltdurSalhome aMchaicnheirnyermy aMnuafnaucftaucrteuri..n..g......... 33350573 CEloencftericctioPnoewrserMaancdhinTerraynsmMiassniuofnacatuproinagratu. s. 3539 ElMevfagt.o..r....M.....a..n..u...f.a...c..t.u..r..i.n...g..................................................`............................ 33604432 P rifnactitnugrinagnd...b..o...o..k..b...i.n...d..i.n...g.....M....a..c..h..i..n..e..r..y.....r.o..a..n...u..- 3348 STeewxtiinlge MM aacchhiinneerryy mM aannuuffaaccttuu rrien..g...................................... 33351651 Valve m anufacturing .......................................... 3634 otheInrcmluadcehdinien sthhoep aobrovme alcihsitnewryo-ulbduialldsiongbeopaenry athtieongsenhearvailnogpeirroantioonrs. steel foundries incident to Silicosis. EXPO SU RE CAUSE dusSt iliincoasills cthaen fcooumnedrfyromopeirnahtaiolantsioanndof ftrhoemsatnhde sandblast cleaning of castings. CONTROL thesTehoepemraettihoondss aoref smiminiilmariztiongthodsuestdehsaczraibrdesd iinn tphoertsgesnheorualld foguonderxytegnrsoivuepl.y Tihneto enthgeineeexrtienngt roef fmoauyndcroymoepferroamtioontshearndsimthielarexoppoesruarteionosf. dust that SCHEDULE XVIII -- MACHINE SHOPS FINE MACHINES AND INSTRUMENTS WCloatcckh MMaannuuffaacctuturriningg ................................................................. 33338332 otheInr oapdedriattiioonns towhtehreeseinstwtroumcelnastssifaicreatiomnasn, ufaancy tuusreedd inshaonuyldwabye. included if luminous paint is Radio-active poisoEXniPnOgS.URE P aints are m ade CluAmU SiEnous by including an tihnfoirniiutemly ssamlt.all Tahmesoeunstubosftarnacdeisumaresalrtadoior -amcetiivaeaarned tgoivealloffinetemnatsnatainodns pwurhpiochsesarewiinthvoisuitblemaanssd. Tsthruescetiornadoiof-abcotdivye tissusbuset,anecveesn ctahnoucgahusaectsulaolw codne teavcetr.isthneothamzaardde iws inthot tuhseuaplilgymseenritouosr upnaliensts. tHhoewre ipsoaiscotunainl gc otnhtaatc t.h aAvlem odset vaellloopfe dth efrcoamseswoaftcrha d iduima l othpeeirratibornusshwesereoncauthseedir boywtnhe lioppse. raTtihoins s cpaousinetdinga poisoning uhich developed a necrosis of the jaw baonvne raadnido-arcetsiuvletedsubfasttaanllcye icnanmabnriyngcaasebso.utAltmheosset ceoncneditiinonths,e atilmtheourzehquitrheedreinmthaye wbeay soofmeexpdoifsfuerre before disability results. CONTROL imizTehethefolhlaozwairndzs:practices will do much to m in 1. M ethods should be developed for pointinz June 1, 1937 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ Page. 31 btorutshhiesspoainndt. supervision should be directed 2. Tpohretopnaionft tshheoupldainntotshboeulmd ixbeed.apTphleiedliqaunidd the pigment dusted on elsewhere. 3. Tcohnetroqluleadntittiheast onfotpaeivnet nustehde smhoosutld mbienusteo quantity is wasted or spilled. 4. Drafts should be avoided in working rooms. 5. Sdetrnatyalemx-ar3nyatifoilnms cwarnapbpeeddeitnectbeldacbkyedplpaacpinegr about the room. 6. Eclmeapnlloiyneeesss. should follow habits of absolute 7. eMmepdliocyaelesexaatmriengatuiloanrs instherovuallds. beBemfoarcee anovf sthuicsh sruecbojemctm esnhdoautlidon bies mdiasdceustsoedanwaitshsurtehde, Claim Department. SCHEDULE XVIII -- MACHINE SHOPS, FINE MACHINES AND INSTRUMENTS BGaelalr agnrdinrdoinllger obreaMrianngufmacatnuurfinacgtu.r..i.n...g..... 33663358 PMluacmhbineers'ShsuoppspliNes. 0M. fgC...N........0........C............................31386832 anyInotahdedritimonacthointehesseh,otpheroepsehraotuilodnsbe ininvcolluvdinegd grinding machinery. EXPOSURE soniPnngeuamndocdoenrimosaistitiost.her than silicosis, lead poi canFroersmuslt ofrfompnevuemryocdounsitoysims aocthhienre tghrainndsinilgicoospis eetrca.t.ions using emery wheels, carborundum wheels, CONTROL ardMmuacyh bdee.peIfndist uisponencehsoswarysetroioupsrotvhiededuesxthhauaszt vTehnistilaistioonf psayrsttiecmusl,ar thiims poshrtoaunlcde bine tchoonsesidsetraeteds. twohbeereprtohveirdeedarwe itlhawesxhraeuqsutirhionogdsg. rSinudcihnga swtahteeeliss Illinois. "`.NOTES ~ s-izeTdhien faodldloiwtioinng"toshtohueldothbeer pgaernteicraullairnlyforemmaptihoan subm itted: 1. Ainrge etxhceersesivaenyamgoruinndtsingof odpuesrta?tions produc 2. Awrieth gerxinhaduinsgt hmooadchs inine aocpceorradtaionnces wpriothvidaendy laws that may require them ? LEAD POISONING fumLeesadfropmoistohneinbgabcbaintt omcceultrinfgropmotsi.nhTahlienrge lmeaady also be lead m elting pots for each treatm ent c.f tools in the tool departm ent. CONTROL systIenmstsaltloatrieomn ovoef tahdeeqfuumatees eisxhihauestmovset nstailtaistfioacn tory correction of the hazard. NOTES addTithioenfotolloowthinegr pgeoninetrsalshcoounldditiboense:mphasized in 1. Are lead pots used? 2. Ahoroedsth?ey adequately guarded with exhaust 3. Hleoawd fmumaneys morenduasrte? continuously exposed to D E R M A T IT IS D erm atitis can comCeAbUyS Ereason of constant con taalclyt. wthitehrecuatrteingthroeiels stkhiant cirornitdaitteionthse thskaitn.mGayendeer velop : 1. vBildaucaklhecaldeasnltihnaetssa. re caused by lack of in di 2. Irritation and redness caused by harsh oils. 3. rBeoaislosnthoaft cmonaytamspinreaatidontoofotthheer owilorukseerds bbyy other workers. CONTROL mizTinhge tfhoellohwazinagrdsp:ractices are helpful in m ini 1. Ufinsee obfasgeooodilsquoaftleitny ccauutstiengtroouilbs.le. The para2. vAiddeedq.uate washing facilities should he pro 3. Cutting oils can he disinfected hv addition othfolc.ertain substances such as sulpho naph4. Sprtearcitliiczaaltliyondoonfe.the oil wherever this can he NOTES ing Irnepaodrdt istihoonuldto poatrhtiecrulcaorlnyditeimonpsh,asthizee ewnhgaitn,eirf tainoyntshilnisgt,edis abbeoinvge. done with regard to the condi SCHEDULE XX -- VEHICLES Auto or Aircraft engine M anufacturing . . . . 3305 A uto-m anufacturing and assembling ........... 3808 Auto junking (From Schedule 34) ........... 3821 Auto b o d ie s -- P l e a s u r e cars ............................... 3822 Auto Body Trucks ............................................ 3823 Auto Bodv N. 0. C. (From Schedule 201 .. 3324 Railroad Car M anufacturing ........................... 3831 ?ige 32 ] T he Employees' G roup Engineering Manua l [ June 1, 1937 EXPOSURE Silicosis and lead poisoning. The danger of silicCoAsiUsSEfrom the operations in thhaevsiengclfaossuinfidcraytioonpserisatipornins.ciIptall3y lilkimewitiesde tpoostshiobslee stohohpavzeriontdhienrgfoorpmesraotifopnnseuamndocsoannidobsilsasitninmg awchhienre everThtheesleeaadrepociasrornieindgonis. principally confined to thhaerdoenpeinng leaasdinpothtse umseadchiinne hsahbobpittginroaupa.nd Lteoaodl pfrooimsonbirnegakminagy uaplsooldocbcautrterfireosmduthriengduasuttoarjiusinnkg ing. The use of a respirator will improve this condition. NOTES hazTarhdes einnginteheerinSg3inreepowratsy sahsoulddeschrainbdedle utnhdeseer `"Foundry, Machine and Metal Goods Operations." SCHEDULE XXI -- STONE PRODUCTS Abrasive W heel M anufacturing ............. 1743 Cement M anufacturing ............................. 1701 Concrete Products M anufacturing ......... 4034 Em erv Works ................................................. 1747 Flint or spar grinding ............................. 1741 Mica goods. M anufacturing .................... 1833 Plaster Mills ......................'. ....................... 1703 Soapstone products ...................................... 1743 Stone Cutting and Polishing N. 0 . C. . . 1803 EXPOSURE SIniliccoesmisenatndm aonthuefarctpunreeu, mitocisonnioostisu. sually con sliimdeereddutshtatistheernecoisunatesrielidc,osiaslthhaozuagrhd, twhheerere hoanvlye binedeunstcrye.rtain pneumoconiosis claims arise in this CAUSE silicSailipcaorstiisclceasn incomthee fdruosmt tthhaet iinshcarlaeatitoend obfy ftrheee vthaaritouthse odpuesrtattihoants.js dItansgheoruoluds bise' inbvoirsniebleinanmdi,nidf the dustiness can be seen, it is almost certain tchoantcetnhteratiinovni.siblSeincdeustli.liiscospirseseisnt prinogrdeasnsigveer,ouist cthanat cionntetirncuheangeevenof wlaitbhoorutdofeusrtnhoetr aecxtpotosurree,tarsdo the Wdihsielaesem. ost of these classifications carry a load finugllyfoirn soilridcoesrist,o edacehteromnienes,hoifuldpob-seibslteu.dtiheed cchaarer iadcetear ooff ththeefrmeeatseirliiaclas ourseqduairntzocrdonertentots.getAssotmhee phraozparodrtiiosnpsresoufm athbelvselesssu. bsItnanlcimesestdoencereaansed, mtahre ble. it is considered that there is no hazard. CONTROL willThteendfoltloowminingimpriazceticthees chaanzabred:followed which 1. Einfsfitcailelendt etxohareumstovveentdiulasttioant styhsetepmosinsthooufldgebne eprraotpioenrl.y Ddiussptostehdat ofis acnodllecntoetd aslhloowuledd htoe blow into the atmosphere. 2. vReenstpiilraatitoorns ssyhstoeumlds ahree iumsepdracwtihcearle. exhaust 3. aAmllinneedw beemfoprleoyeemesplsohyomulednt.be Dcoarenfuoltlyeveexr reemcoplmoymeeensd wmitehdoiucat l tehxeamfuinllatikonnoswolefdegxeistainndg approval of the Claim Department. 4. Dsibulset icnouonrtdsershtooucldhecbke tmheadeefficwiehnecryevaenr dpdoes sign of the dust removal equipment. NOTES em pThhaesizeengthineeefroilnlgowrinegp:orts should particularly 1. uWsehdatwiisththreespcehcat rtaocttehre oqfuathrtez croocnktenotrs?sand 23.. HWohwat eifsfictiheentgearneerathl eduexsthacuosnttrsoylstpemrosg?ram ? SCHEDULE X X I -- STONE PRODUCTS Aswbeesatvoisnggoo..d.....M...f..g.......i.n..c..l......s..p..i..n..n...i.n..g.....a..n...d... 1852 EXPOSURE AAsshbeessttoossiiss. b3enazodlefpinoiitseoncinogn.dition of pneum o cseorniiooussis.asalstihliocuogsihs. i7t7 bisilenoitt rceosnuslitdser:ned a tophybseicaasl iemxppoasiurmreencet aosefst,haendluntugbs,erict udlooessisnaost aprcoognrtersisbuatfitnegr factAorsbiesstnoostis prreevsualltesnt.from the inhalation of as btheestoospedruasttiotnhsatinmawyhihceh gaesnbeersatotesdisduprriondgucaendy oofr mardasnufaarcetuirned.coSnonmeectioofnthwe itmhosttexptriolenooupnceeradtiohnasz, saultchhouagshpaicnkyinogp, ecraatridoinngm, askpiinnnzinwgo,vewneaovrinmg,oledtecd., products can create dust which may be harmful. CONTROL The followin': practices will tend to minimize the hazards: 21.. WInsettalwlaetaiovningo.f hizh velocity exhaust ventila 3. Ltiosen osfvsrteemspsiraattortsheonpooinpteraotfioonpsertahtaiot nc. annot 4. bEexapmrainctaitciaolnlys eoxf hnaeuwstedem. ployees before em- pthloavt meexnistt.in7z7 heemrepvloeyreeist amreavnobte incofnusiildenroedr mal health, they should be placed on jobs free from dust. June 1, 19:7 ] T he Employers' Group Engineering Manual [ Page 35 NOTES The following points should be particularly emphasized in the engineering reports: 1. Are asbestos textile operations carried on? 2. Is weaving done wet or dry? 3. Atilraetioonpersaytsitoenmss?provided with exhaust ven 4. cAirdeenrteaslpiwraotrokrssuwcohrnasblyoaedminpgloypeaepserdobienagteirns, cleaning exhaust collectors, etc.? 5. Hplaavnet? dusIft scoo,unwtshatevwererbeeethne traeksuenlts?in the 6. ^puhtaitntomeefdfieccatl? arrangem ents has assured BEN ZO L Benzol poisoning cCaAnU ScEome from inhaling the fumes from impregnating tanks where benzol may be used as a thinner of the asphalt. CONTROL he Tmhineimprizinedcipaarel wasayfsolilnowws:hich the hazards can 1. Substitute some other thinner for benzol. 2. Imnesntat.ll efficient exhaust ventilation equip O SCHEDULE XXII -- CLAY PRODUCTS Brick and Clay products X.0 . C...................... 4021 Electric -- p o rc e la in ............................................. 4058 Potteries -- china table ware .......................... 4033 PoMttefgri.esH, agnldazoedr Coarstpo..r..c..e..l..a..i.n......e..a..r..t.h...e..n..w....a..r..e... 4061 Potteries -- porcelain ........................................... 4049 PoMtteerciheasn--icalM.f.g.......P...o..r..c..e..l.a...i.n.....W....a..r..e....--.................. 4062 Potteries -- Tile ..................................................... 4055 T erra Cotta ............................................................... 4034 Refractory products ............................................. 4024 EXPO SURE leadSilpiocoissoisn--ingo.theTr hfeorhmisstoorfy ponfeusimlicoocsoinsioasnids, laenadd penooisuognhingto irnequthiree ctheraatmtihces uintmduossttrycaries bdeefiunsieted itnhemreakisindgefiinnsipteecvtiaorniastiionn thinis thcleashsiafzicaardtisonb. eWtwheielne tbhee thvoarroouusghclylasesxifaimcaitnioends., it is necessary that all on Tthhee phraozcaesrds.s iFn otrheesxeaminpdlues, triniesthdeepmeannduflaacrgtuerlye othfe wmataenrusfatrcutcukre borficskantdhesretruicsk libttrlieckhs,azdarryd. sanInd iasndshtohwe eprerdepaornatitohne amndoldaspptloicaptiroenveonft thstiiscksianngd, conIsntituthtees ma asneurifoaucstuhreazaorfd fiirne sbormicek,brainckd prelairnatcs-. tcoornietesntthaenfdintihsehreed isbraichkazhaarvde ian cthoinssibdrearnacbhle osfiltihcea brick industry not present d the ordinary build iinng sabnriictakrymwaneuafra, catunrde.thAebomuitxi2n0g7cofsitlhicea iinsgureseddi ecnautsseassiwliceollsisa.s the dry finishing of the ware may SILICOSIS Silicosis can result CfrAoUmSEthe inhalation of silica fdroeset. ofWsihliiclea, tshoemree mtyapyesbeof cclalayimd;usmtsaywhreicshultarief ttihoensduasrte igsenpearratlilcyulacrolnysidheeraevdy. to Thhee nwone-t'noazpaerrda- ous.The operations which tend to produce dusty bcorincdki,tioannds amreacahriynegoripnedriantgionosf icnlaycso,nsnheaclteio3n. swcriatph finishing, such as sanding of molds. CONTROL do Mnoatnyleonfd ththeemsos-eclavlelesd todory egarsiinlydintog coopnetrraotlionosr wreimthoveaxl.haSuosmt evtiemnetislatthioeny, cbanutbethilsocaistednoitn arlowoamyss prersapcitricaatol.rs Tishethreefoornel,y italmtearnyatbievet.h aMt athcehinuese oopf eerxahtaiounsts vcerneatitlianteiondutsot srhemouolvde hteheprodvuisdtedatwtihthe point of origin. Green finishing of pottery will eliminate most of the potters' exposure. The following queNsOtiToEnS; should be answered oinnfothrme aetniognineseurbinmgitrteedp:ort, in addition to the other 1. sWtahnactesisutsheed?silica content of the various sub 2. W hat is the character and severity of dusty operations? 3. Watihoant iins ttheermesxpoofsunruemtboerduosft ewmitphloeyaecehs?oper 4. W hat m ethods for controlling the dust have been installed? LEA D Lead poisoning canC ArUesSuE lt from the inhalation hoaf vlienagd aoxliedaed dbuasste.inInmsioxmineg palnadntgs riint diisngtheofpfrroitcs ethsse thoazaadrdd wduheiteto lethaed stoolutbhielitfyriot fwthheichwhiintcerelaesaeds. Ato pcaleratincuthlaer dhiapzpaerdd ewxaisrtes oinf tuhseinegxcaespsrelsesaudregllainzee after it is dried. CONTROL the Tlheaed foploloiswoinnigngprhaacztaicreds wwhiellreteintdmtaoy meixnisimt. ize 1. wEmeaprloryeesepsiraintordsryapmpirxoivnegd defpoarrtmuseent asghaoiunlsdt lead dust. Page 34 ] V if T he Employers' G roup <9 E ngineering M anual [ June 1. 1537 2. Sshporauyldingbe apnrdovimdeadchwinieth calenaneixnhgauospt evreatnitoinlas tion system to reduce the dust. 3. Nfroittilnegad. should be added to the glaze after 4. eExxhcaesusst ghlaozoed. should be removed under an 5. Nfoor pcrleeassnuinreg lwinaerse.or bellows should be used 6. Lthoecrkeeriss nsoholuealdd bdeusitn. stalled in a room where 7. wBuatbebr,lerasndshoeautlidngbeshporuoldvidbeed pfroorhibdirtiendkinogn the job. 8. eSfofmecet kinindregoafrdmetdoictahlosperoegmrapmloyseheosuledxpboeseidn itso aassuebrjieocuts whhaizcahrdshoofulldeaadlwpaoyissobneindgi.scuTssheids womithm ethndeatCiolanimis Dmeapdaerttmo ethnet baessfuorreed.any rec SCHEDULE XXIII -- GLASS PRODUCTS Cut glass m a n u fa c tu rin g ............................. 4113 Glassware m anufacturing X. 0 . C............ 4114 Glass ware m anufacturing ........................ 4111 Plate Glass m an u factu rin g ........................ 4101 Sheet glass -- rolled -- not polished ... 4103 W indow zlass m anufacturinz .................. 4102 EXPOSURE veloSpilifcroosmis iannndallienazd thpeoisdounsitngth. atScilaicnosciosmceanfrodme gurrianlldyingtheandhamzaixrdinsg aorfe thvearigeldassamcceolrt.dinVg ertyo ntahte oqtuhaerrtzfocrmonsteonft ponfeusmanodcontihoastis iscanusdeedv, elaolpthofruogmh ienrhalalninagturgela.ssIndussotmaendinosttahnecresin, gsraenddiebnlatsstionfga ompienr saitliiocnossiswihllazbaerdf.ound, and these can be a source of CONTROL the Tshileicofosilslowhainzgarpdr:a...c..t.i.ces will tend to minimize 1. Earme plnooyteepsrowvoirdkeindgkwinth duesxthyauosptervaetinotnilsattihoant, alonaddinthgosoef esmanpdlo'^yiheosulddoiwngearloaredsinpgiraatonrds. un 2. sEtxalhleadustovnengtriilnadtiionng e3qnudipmdreyn-tmsixhionugld obpeerina tions. 3. Wet zrinding of glass can minimize the dust hazard. NOTES empThhaesizfeodlloownintzhepoeinnztsinesheroiunlzd rebpeortpsa, rtiincualadrdlyi tion to the other general inform ation: 1. iWs huaset di?s the quartz content of the sand that 2. Wto hvaatriiosutsheopeexrtaetniot nosf wexhpeoresurdeusotf oermigpinloayteese?s 3. Are respirators worn by any employee? 4. Wexhhaaut,stifveanntyi,laotipoenraetiqounispmaerent?provided with 1 LEAD Lead poisoninz canCArUeSsEult from inhaling lead otixmidees odcucsutr inby mriexaisnogn oopfetrhaetiodnuss,t afnrodmmzalyasssocmuet ttihneg mopeeltraitnioncso.nneLcetaiodn isw iatlhwatyhse amcaonnusftaictutuernet ooff mcuatnuglfaascst,uraelthoofuogthheirt tiyspensotofusgulaalslsy. used in the the Thhaezafrodll:owing practices will tend to minimize 1. Emmixpinlogyeoepserwathioonsarsehohualnddlwinegar lereasdpiroaxtiodres. in 2. Eduxshtausshtouvlednthileatioinnstaslylsetdemosn toglraesms ovceuttitnhge wheels. 3. Sshoomueld tbyepein oefffemct,edbiucat,l becfoonrterolanvprroegcroamm mheenddisactiuosnsedof wthiitsh sothret iscleavimer mdeapdaer,tmit esnhto. uld NOTES The following points should be particularly emphasized upon the engineering reports. In ad dition to the other inform ation submitted: 1. To what extent is lead used in the glass? 2. mAriexinrgesoppireartaotrisonws?orn by employes in drv 3. hAaruestclvaessnticlauttitoinng? wheels provided with ex 4. Wfechta?t program of medical control is in ef SPECIAL NOTE cellIunlotihde omr asniumfailcatruretraonfspsoa-rceanlltedsu"SbastfaentycesGlaassre uthseedlaaysertsheofbegnladsisn.g Sourchsafseutbystamnecdeisu,min besttowreaezne oprresdeunrtinzfirtehe ogrlasesxpmloasniuofnacthuarzinazrdsp.rocWessheesn, evcaenr tshuebsme itctoendd. itions exist, a com plete report must he SCHEDULE XXIV -- CHEMICAL Chemical and Dve Stuff Rating Plan 44880600--2833 EXPOSURE stanCcaessesusehdavien othcecumrreadkinfzroomf dtvhees faonldlowdyinez instueor- mcheldoirabteen. zin3ee.nzAenneil.inTeo. luNenaetr.anNiiltirnoeb.enDziemnee.thNyiiitnroe-, Diethvianiiine, Aniline Hydrochloride, Par- J a n e 1, 1937 ] cu ' 'j . T he Employers' G roup "3 E ngineering Manual [ Page 33 aanniittrroo CThoiloureannei.linDe.inNitriotrouTsolDueienteh,ylOanritlhinoe. TPoalur-- 8. sPhroowveidr ebaadthesq,uastoe twhaasthiinng cfaasceiliotifesspinilclalugdeinag idine. Paratoiuidine, Paranitro Toluidine. Ortho Nitro Toludine. Acetyiparatoluidine. Benzvl mthaenpomisaoynincgo.m pletely remove the traces of r , AChnliolirniedeP. araCphhleonriynlactneddiamTinoe.l uMe entaep.henPvalernaneditirao- NOTE5 \ Amcinide. aBnednzNanitirhioreunse. OQxiudien.olMinee.thyPlyrAidlicnoeh.olNiatrnidc 1. pArreemtihsees?interm ediates m anufactured on the oPrhsosdzocense.noTt lGieenhearnadlllyincgoonfstfitiuntiseheadn doycecsupanatdiocnoall 2. Is there any nitration of benzol? 3. Is there an\ noticeable odor from the raw- pdrisoecaesses hisazfarordm. tAhes acrguedneersatlaztehitnhee tlhoewfearrtthheer ttohxe materials or products? 4. Is there any reduction of nitro benzol? Eiccithytmoaf ritnhee pbrloudeu. cNt. ewMbeltuane.il Ky.ellfouwc,hionr.anmgeeth1v1l, 5. Describe the ventilation in detail. vfiinoilsehtedanddyems,etahnydl zthreeeren haarse beexecnepttrioounbs leamreopnozrttehde 6. Winahtaiot naroef wthoerkpmroevniseioxnpsosefodr tomebdeniczaoll, enxiatmro in the handling of these materials. bpeanrtzmole,natnbdefaonrielinreec?omDimsceunsdsinwgi.th Claim De CAUSE The more common poisons in this group such e basy biennhzaolal,tio3nnaloifnet.henitvroapboernszoolr, mtharyoubzeh atbhseorsbkeidn SCHEDULE XXIV -- CHEMICAL wChhreonnitchebemnazteenreialpohiassonbienegn csapuislleesd aonlosths eofbordeyd. blood corpuscles, resulting in profound anemia: A i2rp0)lan.e.......M....a..n...u..f..a..c..t.u...r..i.n..g.. (From Schedule 3830 a loss of the elements and substances in the blood which are concerned in blood clotting resulting in Artificial Leather (From Schedule 10) . . . . 4492 Artificial L e a th e r ................................................... 4436 ohfemthoerrhsauzbes.tanacneds ilonssthoef bwlohoidte sebrluomod wcheilclsh aanrde Lacquer M anufacturinz ...................................... 4439 Pyroxylin Composition Goods Mfz. (From cteorniaclerinnefdectiinond.efeNnidtirnog Btehnezoblodayndazthaien=Nt ittrhoe cboamc- Schedule 10) ..................................................... 4432 Pyroxylin M an u factu rin g ................................... 4440 ptoouandd*irienctGaecnteiroanl aocnt aths eblcoeondtrpaol isnoenrsvoiuns adsydsitteiomn. The amino compounds such as aniline, may cau;e EXPOSURE bladder tumors and cancer. Benzol poisoning. CONTROL 1. TInolucoal*eis Bspenilzleodl. oNn itthroe cBloetnhzeosl,. thAenmilianteerioarl tbheatimhamsebdeiaetnelysoarkeemdovweidth atnhde tphoeisosnkinshovuerldy thoroughly washed. 2. Tanhde Avensisleinlse ianrewphricohcesBseednzoshl.ouNlditronoBt eanlzloowl, tthhee eospcearpaetoorfs tahree vsatpatoirosneindt.o the room where 3. aInt actamseosipt hiesrincecpersessasruyret,oitospheorautled bthee vveenstseedl to the outside rather than to the room. 4. Vtheentfiulamtieosn ins>hlonuel;dhabne dplirnogvidoerdprtoocecsasrirnyg oofff the raw' materials' or interm ediates. 5. Tinhethiesssfeinetlidal isidtehae bperhevinednticoonntorof l pmoiesothnoindzs busye aosfsurreinsgpirpautorers aoirr, gfaosr mthaeskws oirskenrost. pTrahce ttihceal,poainndt soof tgheenefruamtieosn.must be removed at 6. kPeippet clianreesfuallnyd inosthpeecrtedapploarratluesakasgheo. uld he 7. Manedn rsuhbobuelrd bboeotsprwovhiedreed thweirteh irsuebxbpeorsuzrloevctos skin absorption. CAUSE fumPeos.isAonciuntge puosiusaolnlyingococcucrusrsbwy hbenrealathrzinegambeonuznotsl of benzol are breathed suddenly. Smaller amounts sborne a twhheidc ho vwe reaak epnesrioa ndd ofthtiinms e thceausbelocohdr. o nBicenpzooil mis aabllseo. a Psokiisnoniirnrigtanitn. tIhtesise vocllaastislieficaantidonisnflacman come from 1. Mm iixxeindg woiptherabteionnzsol.where soluble cotton is 2. Drying operations. 3. Cleaning of finished goods. 4. Hand cementing operations. 5. Sorprcelaodtihngis ocpoeartaetdio. ns where plastic is rolled CONTROL upoTnhpe recvoennttrionlg othfe tbhreeabtheinnzgolofhathzeardfumdeesp;enthdes following practices tend to minimize the hazard: 1. bIfenpzoosls.ible, substitute some other solvent for 2. pCaarraetfuusllyconintaspineicntg pbiepnezollinteos daentedctoathnedr parpe vent leaks. Pige 36 T he Employees' Group Engineering Manual [ June 1, 193; 3, cHloavseed.all mixing operations completely en 4. Avoid spilling of benzol. 3. tPiornosv.ide artificial ventilation of all opera 6. fVloeonrtilleavteel.the workrooms by exhaust of the 7. Diciaslcuesxsamwiinthatioynouorf CwlaoirmkersD eepxaprotsmedentto mbeedn zol. notes 1. Iqsuabnetnitzioels uasnedd hinowthiosftepnla?nt? If so, in what 2. Are there indications of benzol spillage? 3. eAnrceloasleld moirxivnegntoilratoetdh?er operations properly 4. Is there other general ventilation? 5. Has assured arranged for regular and com ppoetseendt tmo ebdeicnazlole?xam ination of workmen ex SPECIAL NOTE of tFhiersee ocrlasesxipfilcoastiioonns.hazCaordmsploeftteenreepxoirstts idnesscormibe iqnugiretdh.em should always be subm itted when re SCHEDULE XXIV -- CHEMICALS Color grinding -- W hiting Mfg................. 5954 Lead M anufacturing (red and w h ite).. 4567 P aint M anufacturing .................................. 4553 Lead poisoning. EXPOSURE CAUSE leadLedaudstpofriosomninhgancdalinngcoamned fmroimxinginhoaflaitniognredoif ecnotnsn. ecTtiohne whaitzharddryislepaadrtbicauselarcloylorpsroannodunaciledleaidn pi 3 gamdeinr t t y moapneur af aticot nu , r i nb gu.t nGortincdoinnsgidoefredleatod bien tooiol serious. CO N TRO L poisTohneinfgolhloawzainrdg: p ra c tic w: rV 'll minimize the lead 1. M achinery used in dusty operations should be enclosed to prevent escape of dust. 2. mInasttearlliaalt,iosnucohf masecmhaenchicaanlicmaleacnosnvoefyhoarsn,dlwinilgl tend to eliminate dust. 3. Estxalhlaeudst wvheenretilaittioins sdyesetemmesd snheocuelsdsarybe anind practical. 4. P^espirators should be worn bv those w ork wmaeyn oexf pcoosnedtrotlolindgustthwe hedruestt.here is no other 3. vAiddeedquaanted wsuapsehrivnigsiofnacidliirtieecstedshotoultdhisbepopinrot. 6. sShoomueld tbyepein oefffecmt.ediBceaflorecoanntryolrecpormogmraemn dpaotiinotn, itissheovuelrd mbeadtehotroouagnhlyasdsuisrceudsseodn wthitihs the Claim Department. T he following poiNnOtsT EsShould he particularly etimonphtaositzheed oitnherthienfoenrmgianteieorninsgubrmepitotretds:, in addi 1. W hat attem pts are being made to control the lead dust? 2. Are approved respirators used? 3. Are proper washing facilities provided? 4. W hat, if any, medical control program is in effect? SPECIAL NOTE of Pa afritriecuolarr eaxtptelonstiioonn ihsaczaalrlded into stohme epoosfsibthileistye cpllaestseilfyicaretipoonrst.ed.Such conditions must be com SCHEDULE XXIV -- CHEMICALS Candle M anufacturing ................................ 4710 Fertilizer M anufacturing ............................ 4533 Garbage works 'F rom Schedule 33) .. 7590 Glue M anufacturing ..................................... 4653 Rendering Works ........................................... 4710 Soap and Soap P o w d e r................................. 4720 EXPOSURE coniDoseirsm. atitis and erysipeloid -- Possible pneum o CAUSE chieDfleyrmbyatrietiassomn aoyf lraecskulotf fpreormsontahlesceleaonplienreastisonons cthaeusepdarbty opfunthcetureemdpwlooyueneds.s fErroymsipbeolnoeids. Imnaythobsee coafsseosapw,hdeerermcaatuitsitsicmiasy urseesdultinfrotmhe cmheamniucfaalctiurrrei tatioInn. the m anufacture of chemical fertilizers, it is oinftethne fopurensdentcheatofsovmerey ohpiegrhatidounsst acroencceanrtrriaetdionosn. Tfrheee sdiuliscta,mbauyt caognetanienrabl uhtazsamrdallmparyopboertpiorenssenotf. Aaclcl u=rautcehlycorenpdoitritoends. should be very carefully and CONTROL nessP rwoipllerbewtahsehinmgosftaceiflfieticetsiveanpdrevgeennetaratilveclmeaenalsi ures. June 1, 1937 ] T h e E mployers' G roup S> Engineering M anual [ Pagi 37 SCHEDULE XXIV -- CHEMICALS Asphalt Works -- Grinding, Pulverizing, etc. 1463 D istillation -- W ood ........................................... 1472 Paste and m ucilage m anufacturing ................ 4596 Polish and dressing m anufacturing .............. 4597 T ar and asphalt m anufacturing ......................... 4741 T urpentine and resin m anufacturing ........... 0301 Wood preserving (From Schedule 25) ......... 2960 EXPOSURE andDsekrimn aitrirtiistatainodn ccarenosroetseultpofirsoomnincgo.ntDineuromuastietixs upofascutrueretdo itnhethedsieffecrleanstsifmicaattieorniasl.s used and m an mayCrberoisnogteabisouat sduibsasbtainlictye. that is hazardous and CONTROL effeActboaruet athsefoollnolywsp: ractices that can be put into 1. Aanvdo,idsopefrasronaasl pcoosnstiabclte,whitahvethoepseersautibosntasncdees 2. Asigdneeqduattoe dwoatshhiisn.g facilities should he sup plied and used. NOTES empThhaesizeengtihneeefroinllgowrienpgo:rts should particularly 1. Dtheescmribateertihaels.chance of persona] contact with 2. vVehntat thmisethcoodnstachta?ve heen em ployed to pre 3. Hplaievde? proper washing facilities heen sup SPECIAL NOTE of Pa arfitriecuolarr eaxtptelnotsiioonn ihs aczaalrlded into stohme epoosfsibthileistye pcllaestseilfyicarteipoonrst.ed.Such conditions must he com * CHEMICALS tionTshiisn wthoeuldchinemcluicdael aalnmdosdt yaelsltuofff thraeticnlgasspifliacna. Teahseerehaazraerdms,aanlythcohuegmh icrnaolsit woifththoecdcaunpgaetiroonuasl odniess asirdeerpeodistoonobuesananad.c-ctihdee,npt oainsdonninogt ains oucsucualplaytiocnoanl gdeisreoausse oinnetshearterubeenseznosl,e. m Setohmaneool,f tahrseenmico,rechdlaonr ipnheoscpohmopruosunadnsd ocfhhroymdraotceas.rboAnlsl, lseaaldt osafltms ecracnurhye, causes of occupational disease. CONTROL numTehreoums etthhoadt sthoef ycocnatnronloltinghethleistheadzahrdesre.areThseo itnhsepevcatriioonusrecphoemrtsicaslhsouulsdedliasnt dinthdeeteaxial ctwmhaatnnaerer winhawt,hiicfh aenayc,htriosuubsleed:maalysohaavceomdepvleeltoephedistoinrythoef past from such use. expPloasritoincuhlaarzaradttsenthtiaotn miasy ceaxlliestd. to anv fire or SCHEDULE XXV -- MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING D ental Laboratories ........................... 4692 Taxiderm ists .......................................... 9600 EXPOSURE TMheersceurytwpooicsolansisnifgi.cations have heen included bcuecryaupsoeisoofnitnhge. Mrateercluoraydimnagy wbiethusreedspienctthteo pmreepr aration of dental amalgams. If taxidermists do panreysecnatrrothtienrge. of fur, the m ercury hazard can be occuInrsdufrsotrmialbrmeaetrhciunrgy mpeoricsuornyinvzapaolrmoovster aalwloanygs pinetroiodtheofsytsitmeme. thMroeurgcuhrythceanskianl.so he absorbed CONTROL the Thhaezafrodllowwhienrgevperracitticiessfowuinlld:tend to minimize 1. Good general ventilation of work room. 2. Rofemoroivgeinmbeyrcsupreyc,iavlalpoocralanedxhdauusstt avtetnhteilaptoioinnt. 3. oFrloootrhseranndonw-aobrksorrboionmg mshaotuelrdialb. e of cement 4. Cofarme esrhcuoruyld. be exercised to avoid spilling 5. Panrodpeermwpaloshyienegs faecnicliotiuersagsehdoultdo bewpasrhovidfreed quently. SCHEDULE XXV -- MISCELLANEOUS MFG. APauitnotinangd (sbhoodpy opnaliynItin.g......................................... 99550013 Silicosis, benzol aEnXdPOlSeUaRdE poisoning. 1. Silicosis can resulCtAfUrSoEm the dust that is cre ated by sandblasting and sandpapering op 2. eLreaatdionpso.isoning can result from lead pigment 3. usBeednzionl ppaoiinsotsnionrg lcaacnqureerssu. lt from exposure to benzol used as a lacquer thinner. The following praCcOtiNcTeRsOLwill tend to minimize the1. hSaaznadrdbsl:ast operations should be earned on within cabinets and the operator iurther pro- ?jj? 38] T h e E mtloyers' G roup E ngineering M anual [ June 1, 1937. pteacpteedringbyopweeraartiinogns acrheaetlem ehte.avyIf dtuhset, sliatntlde belesedoenxec.ept the use of the wet m ethod can 2. Serplryaycopnasitnrtuicntgedshsopurlady bbeoocathrsriepdroovnidiend pwroitph adequate ventilation. NOTES empThhaesizfeodlloinwitnhge penoginintseersihnogulrdepobert: particularly 1. W hat types of paints or lacquers are used? 2. oWr hlaatcqaureertsh?e m ethods of applying the paints 3. Dpleestceridbeetaitlh?e ventilation facilities in com S P E C IA L N O TE thatDeesxcirsitbs.e in detail any fire or explosion hazard 9 SCHEDULE XXVI -- MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION eldinz .......................................... 3364 Lead poisoning. EXPOSURE ' CA U SE leadLefaudmepsoitshoamt nazre cdaenvedleovpeeldopdubryinzinhthaeiatpirooncesosf of lead burning or in welding operations. NOTES infoTrmheatieonnginuepeorinngwrheepthoertr sahnoyuldleagdivebucronminpzleties done and describe the methods of protection. 9 SCHEDULE XXVI -- MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION Road construction with rock excavation 5508 Shaft sinking .................................................. 6252 Subway construction. . . v.................. 6254 Tunneling ............................. 6251 shoIunld abdedibtoiornne toin tmHeind abthoavte allclacsosniftircaacttiionnzs, opit erations where hard rock drilling is carried on ran present a silicosis hazard. Silicosis. EXPOSURE CAUSE is pSriolidcuocsiesd cabny rheisguhlt sfproemed indhrialllsingantdhejadcuksthtahmat mcreurssh.ersA. nother source of dust is from the rock The chief means CoOfNcToRnOtLrolling the dust is to ubseeenthsehosow-ncaltlheadt Kweeltleydrtirllaipngduisst neoxthasuufsfti.cieIntt.has NOTES phaTsihzee etnhgeinfeoeirlionwginrzepoprotinsthsouinld apdadrtiitciounlartloy ethme gen1.erHalowinfmourmchatihoanrdsurobcmkititsedb:einz encountered? 2. Are Kelley traps used on drills? 43.. IAf rcso,rohcokwcrmuushchersis inprousdeu?ced? SCHEDULE XXVI -- MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION Pneumatic caisson 'building foundations! .. 6253 Pneum atic caisson (tunnels) .......................... 6257 Caisson disease caCnA UdSeEvelop on all jobs re oqfuirtuinngnetlhseorusesinokfinczomopf recsasiessdonasirwihnertehemdernivianrge raetmquoisrpehdertioc wproersksuuren.derTiiae pdriessesausree ishigcahuesredthabny pthaessafzoersm aotfiotnhe obf odnyitroangden. abs uabbrluelse, inthethneitrbologoend nbuodbybleasndwiclal u^ceomeextrteomreespt aiinn. soTmhee jnoiitnrtogoefn,thoef caobuilristey, acnodmeosftfernomrestuhlets afira.tallIyt. is a serious dis CONTROL m enTtheof ocnalyissomnethdoisdeasoef pisretvoenrteinqguirtehethdaetveelaocph eamspiolowy eaen dw ogrrkaidnuza lu nddeecro mthperepssrieosns u rperozcoe dtunrreo ubz 'en fporreessuagrea.in HIteiinsz neexcpeossseadry toonordalilnajroybsattmhaotspahedriec ctoormbperesisnioanttecnhdamanbceer. bPerapcrtiocvaildlyed aallndstathteast ian dtohce Uenntiioren shuabvjeectv, earynd setraiccht lcaownstrawcittohr srheozaurldd ctoomtphliys with the laws in absolute detail. NOTES pletTehlye teiniezinpereerii-nuzre reupnodretsr swhhoiuclhd ethxeplaminencoamre wpuotrkiinntzo aenfdfecttheby.-pcthriefic amsseutrheodds tothatcohnatvroel bethene disease. June 1, 1937 ] T he Employees' Group * SCHEDULE XXXVI-- OPERATION AND M A IN T EN A N C E Cleaning and renovating outside of building 5469 Silicosis. exposure Silicosis can result CfrAoUmSEinhaling the dust from tohfe bsuainlddibnlgasst. thTatheis udsuesdt ttohactleaisn tchreeaoteudtsidise vwearlyl heavy, and almo.-t always has a high si'uc3 content. The only real m eCtOhNodTROoLf controlling the haz saurdre ishetlomeptrso.vidIne mthoestwionrsktaenrscews,itiht wpoilslitbivee fopurensd that ordinary helmets are in use. hut they are not in any way efficient and to all intents and purposes are next to useless. T he engineering renpootretsshould specifically de smcaridbee atvhaeilapbrloetetcotitohnoseagmaiennst ddouinsgt tthhiast shaansdbbleaesnt ing operation. 9 SCHEDULE XXVII -- ERECTION patiIotnaisl ndoisteacsoenshidaezraerddsthiant ctohnenreectairoen awnyithoctchue calnayssiffuictuatrieonesxcinepttihoinss,scthheedyulwe.ill Sbheouinldcluthdeerde. be SCHEDULE XXVIII -- SHIPBUILDING tionIatl isdinseoatsecohnaszidaerrdesd inthatht ethcelraessiafriecaatinoyn oicncuthpias srecahseodnuloe,f ienxcciedpetnintagl othpoesreatitohnast, smuacyh casomfoeunudpriebsy, bmeaecnhidniescsuhsospeds, uetncd.,ear ntdhethedivhiasziaorndstoofwthheicshe hthaevye particularly apply. SCHEDULE XXIX -- SHIP OPERATIONS gardOecdcuipnattihoinsalscdhiesdeauslee. h-azards can he disre Engineering Manual [P*Sf 55 SCHEDULE XXX -- STEVEDORING canObcecudpisarteiognaardl eddisaesasaegehnaezraarldsrulein. Asnteyvesdpoecriinfigc eefxfceecpt.tions can be covere9d by instructions to that SCHEDULE XXXI--RAILROAD OPERATIONS o c c Eu pxacteipotn aflo rd icsoe anssetr uccatni o nb e a nddis rsehgoapr d eodp e riant iothniss, sthcehedguelnee. raFlorrucleosnstthruacttiohnaveandbeesnhopexpolpaeirnaetdionisn, these industries can be followed. d SCHEDULE XXXII -- CARTAGE AND TRUCKING cepOt cocnupsapteiocniaall indsistreuacsetiocnasn. be disregarded ex 9 SCHEDULE XXXIII -- PUBLIC UTILITIES the Woictchupthaetioenxaclepdtiiosenasoef choanztarradctincganopbeeratdiiosnres, gelasredwedh.ere.Contracting operations are explained 9 SCHEDULE XXXIV -- COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES gardOecdcuipnattihoinsalschdeisdeualsee, ehxaczeaprtdsoncadnefinbeite dnisortei fication. 9 SCHEDULE XXXV -- CLERICAL AND PROFESSIONAL OPERATIONS Occupational disease hazards can be disre garded in these classifications. 9 SCHEDULE XXXVII -- MISCELLANEOUS Occupational disease hazards can be disre garded in these classifications.