Document kDX17m7q7V4jgg3xO5GD4bJ4O

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1940 July DOC IHF030 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION IHF Foundation Facts Get 1992 1992 1992 199219921992 NovemberNovember NovemberNovember November November November November November November November NovemberNovember November November November ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE REIN IN IN IN IN IN FOUNDATION FOUNDATIO FOUNDATION FOUNDATION FOUNDATION FOUNDATI FOUNDATI FOUNDATION FOUNDATION July 1940 This letter is issued monthly member companies and trade associations affiliated with Air Hygiene Foundation Its purpose is to report Foundation news and activities Air Hygiene Foundation is a partnership of industry and science organized to protect the health of the 15 million workmen in heavy industry 0010065 0010065 0010065 0010065 0010065 0010065 - No. 7 MWBB MWBB MWBB MWBB Industrial Health --- One of The Ramparts We Watch The health of workers is just as essential as the health of soldiers in this period when production is indispensable to defense Health of workers especially skilled workers is doubly important now Meanwhile increased production tends to increase health hazards and illness World War I proved that This is a period when eternal vigilance is the price of industrial health Will your protective equipment like exhaust systems carry increased loads Are you planning plant expansions If so remember the stitch in time Protective equipment can be built into a building with efficiency and economy that can never be achieved by later patch work installations Sec abstract No. 522 in the attached Digest of Industrial Hygione for an account of how the Ford Motor Company benefited from such planning Feel free to discuss the industrial hygiene aspects of new plant construction with the Foundation But NOW is the time not after the plant is built And please bear in mind the Foundation covers the whole field of chemical hygiene Ask the Foundation The variety Foundation's interest of subject matter in the attached Digest shows the scope which ranges the whole field of industrial health and is of the not restricted to just silicosis as some unfortunately believe Member companies are urged to call upon the Foundation for information whether it portains to chemicals or borne infections For instance a steel company member writes We would like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation for your very prompt and completo answer to our letter of March 7 requesting information concerning the toxic and other offects likely to be encountered in the use of various chemicals that were itemized in our letter of that date The information contained has proven very helpful Dr. Selby Named to Medical Committee Appointment of Dr. C.D. Selby Medical Consultant General Motors Corporation to the Medical Committee of Air Hygiene Foundation is announced by Dr. A.J. Lanza Chairman Dr. Selby is well known for his contributions to the field of employ- ce health Information on Absenteeism Audit A page of instructions was mailed recently to those member companies which havo expressed direct interest in the Foundation's study of Sick Absenteeism in Industry For the information of other members a copy of these instructions is attached to this news letter Health is the backbone of production and production is the keystone of defense AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH PA 19921992 1992 1992 1992 1992 NovemberNovember November November November November NovemberNovember November November November November November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE RE IN ININ Foundation Facts ---..- 2 8-01 6 Victorious Washington Crew Names Shell for Dr. Loyal A. Shoudy The shell of the University of Washington crew which won at Poughkeepsie this year was named the Loyal Shoudy The Husky oarsmen named their craft in honor honor of Dr. Loyal A. Shoudy Chief of Medical Service Bethlehem Steel Company Dr. Shoudy a graduato of the University of Washington fetes the Washington crew after the Poughkeepsie races each year He is a prominent leader in the field of industrial medicine Henry D. Sayer Named to Compensation Insurance Rating Board Henry D. Sayer Deputy Executive Director of the New York State Insurance Fund has been appointed General Manager of the Compensation Insurance Rating Board New York The Governing Committee of the Board announces that Mr. Sayer is to take office on a date to be agreed upon but in no event later than December 1. Mr. Sayer was formerly with the Association of Casualty & Surety Executives and served on the Foundation's Board of Trustees A Cut Costs 32 Thirty dollars the insurance director for United Wholan Stores Corporation told a meeting of the Greater New York Safety Council is the average cost for every cut suffered by an employee --- Dun's Review A New Member Writes May we express our sincere appreciation for the splendid tained in the literature sent us It is by far the finest piece of in contact with and we certainly can recommend it to all industry information conwork we have come td 7661 7661 7661 JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON AABBRRAAMMSS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE RE RE RE IN IN IN IN IN Note to Members Interested in Foundation's Sick Absenteeism Survey Following up the meeting of companies survey of Sick Absenteeism in Industry which Gafafer Senior Statistician of the U.S. Public summary and instructions interested in the Foundation's was held here on May 27 Dr. William Health Service gives the following The May 1940 edition of the manual on a proposed plan to record industrial absenteeism was distributed at the meeting of May 1940 among the rep- resentatives of various member companies It was explained that the plan as presented in the manual was the objective which should be aimed at and that at the present time sufficient data be supplied by the companies agreeing to cooperate to make possible the construction of a table on ended disabilities lasting 8 consecutive calendar days or longer and showing for each color and sex 3 morbidity rates by cause namely average annual number of absences per 1,000 employees average annual number of days per employee and days per absence This table would cover the first and second of the year and the whole year The corresponding indexes for all halves report- ing companies would be included in the table for purposes of comparison Thus for the time being rates by age occupation and department are being reserved for the future and only disabilities of 8 consecutive calendar days and longer are included To calculate the rates referred to above the filling in of Forms A and B will not be necessary However for the calculation of the rates at least the number of employees under observation the absent as well as the absent are required by sex and color if the age distribution by color and sex is conveniently ascertainable it should be made available since such knowledge would be helpful in any attempt to account for rate differences among companies It is suggested however that age be filled in on the punch card if a company finds it convenient to fill in occupation and department consistently it is recommended that this also be done It was indicated at the meeting that some of the companies have the facilities to perform their own tabulating Such companies are encouraged to do so and for the sake of uniformity a blank table and other instructions will be sent to such companies Those Health companies that are at present Service are urged to continue reporting to the United States Public this activity and where possible their data will be used to supplement the reports from the new companies In order that we may plan accordingly will you please advise us at this time of the number of male and female employees you desire to report on Also to facilitate comparisons of absentee rates of different companies it is necessary to know something of the disability plans companies have in force Will you therefore send us a copy of any pamphlet or other material that may have been issued by your sick benefit association relief plan or insurance company which covers such subjects as requirements for membership waiting period benefit period classes of membership etc. As soon as this information is received from companies desiring to participate we will be able to proceed with the punch card and we will communicate with you regarding the number desired cost they are about 1.00 per thousand etc. Reduction of sick absenteeism is doubly important now when production is the keystone of defense 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 8661 JOQUIOAONJOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAONJOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAON JOQUIOAN JOQUIOAN JOQUIOAON < ABRAMASBRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE IN IN IN IN July 1940 Air Hygiene Foundation 0010069 4400 Fifth Ave. Pittsburgh Pa DIGEST OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Developments News Items 490 New Problems of the Defense Program .... Another urgent task involves the protection and promotion of the health of industrial workers With the vast expansion of the war industries many new industrial hazards appear and familiar ones are intensified When new factories are designed expert industrial hygiene advice is required for proper installation of power exhausts of chemical gases Records of present performance show the need of extended industrial hygiene measures to control and prevent special health hazards In the recruitment and training of workers thorough physical examinations are necessary on employment and periodically thereafter It is wasteful for industry to train a highly skilled employee over long months only to have him break down suddenly with tuberculosis mental disease or some other crippling condition The expansion of war industries will bring acute problems of housing medical care and health protection for workers and their families Our industrial machines are the most efficient in the world The men and women who man the machines must have a comparable efficiency Address by Thomas Parran Surgeon General U.S. Public Health Service 491 Electron Microscope The Germans are now using the electron microscope magnifying power 100,000 diameters to analyze dust in mines and factories so that better hygienic conditions can be established Dust particles only millionths of a millimeter in diameter can be detected New York Times July 14 1940 492 Can Music Increase Production American Business 10 28 June 1940 By using lively music to counteract industrial fatigue American industry can save millions of dollars every year step up production from 10 to 20 per cent and re- duce errors and wasted effort to a minimum Numerous plants and offices have al- ready discovered this and many others are preparing to put rhythm to work for bigger profits In addition to making possible substantial savings music in industry has become one of the most modern and successful ways of cementing mutually beneficial employee relations having won the commendation of both labor and industrial chiefs In one company the bonus a comparatively expensive method of stimulating output was able to add only 20 per cent while music cost- ing much less added 25 per cent Because of that the bonus has been discontinued but the music remains a permanent part of production routine and has worked satis- factorily over a period of several years During the Christmas rush in the Minneapolis post office phonographs were installed Fifty clerks were affected One day when no music was played they made 420 errors talked and joked a great deal and used 50 hours of work time When music was played they made 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 November November November November November ABRAMAEBRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME ABRAME RE RE RE IN IN ININ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2 0010870 0010870 only 366 errors a decrease of 12.86 per cent and finished in 43 hours Be- 0010870 sides its use in offices music is also widely employed in factories to offset re dustrial noises and to counteract the fatigue curve It has been found that 0010870 after the third hour of work fatigue reaches its peak and the worker's efficiency MWBB begins to decline rapidly Music used at that point will not only offset that decline but will actually turn the curve up once more and increase the output MWBB Music is so effective in stimulating output that for centuries it has been used almost unconsciously to accompany work Songs of the heave variety have grown spontaneously and the reason for their growth and continued use lies in the physiological reactions which rhythm produces Many firms use indus- trial music continuously throughout the day others only during regular rest per- iods timed to coincide with the peak of the fatigue curve when work begins to slow down In most cases records are played on a centrally located machine and the music is sent throughout the plant by a speaker system 493 State Health Meeting Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins called a meeting over which she presided at Joplin Mo. April 23 1940. Represented were U.S. Public Health Service U.S. Bureau of Mines U.S. Housing Project State Health Departments C.I.O. Labor Unions from Missouri Kansas and Oklahoma State Medical Assoc mine operators members of the Workmen's Compensation Commissions and social and religious organ- izations The group accompanied Miss Perkins on her visit to parts of each of these states and inspected the working conditions in a mine at Picher Oklahoma Dr. Alice Hamilton who also accompanied Miss Perkins remained in the territory to make dust counts and other experiments 494 Weil's Disease in Industry Lancet No. 6081 p 518 March 16 1940 Weil's disease has been added to the schedule of industrial diseases in Great Britain The prevalence of this disease in certain occupations notably coal mining fish cleaning and sewer work has been long known The disease is due to contact with urine of an infected rat 495 Vat Kills Two Safety A workman was assigned waste which had formed the tank and if upon Engineering 79 26 June 1940 to clean a vinegar vat containing some 18 inches of wat carbon dioxide gas His instructions were to descend into lighting a match the flame was extinguished to climb out right away He fell dead before he could strike a match Another man upon attempting to save him fell unconscious to the floor of the tank and also died before he could be gotten out Two men died because someone saw fit to use human lives for air and fume testing devices Investigations disclosed the com- plete absence of safety measures and equipment which would have prevented this tragic accident Legal Developments 496 Workmen's Compensation Acts Reemployment of Injured Workmen at Light Work Constitutes Treatment If to improve his health an injured workman on the recommendation of a physician employed by his employer's insurance carrier is reemployed at lighter work at the same wages such reemployment said the Supreme Court of Kansas is not a medicine but does constitute treatment within the meaning of that term as it is used in the Workmen's compensation act of Kansas Rupp v Jacobs et al Kan 88 P. 2d 1102. J.A.M.A. 1992 1992 19921992 1992 November November November November November NovemberNovember November November November ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE RE IN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3 0010071 0010071 497 Workmen's Compensation Acts Death from Perforation of Gastric Ulcer Induced by 0 10 71 Worry Compensable J.Am.Med 114 1955 1940 0010071 The claimant wife of the deceased employee filed a claim for compensation under the workmen's compensation act partment of labor and industry the Supreme Court of Michigan or Michigan for the death of her husband The awarded compensation and the employer appealed For some time prior to Dec. 23 1935 the deto = = employee had suffered from stomach trouble On the date mentioned he sustained a hernia in the course of his employment for which ho underwent an operation in Fobruary 1936. For this injury the employee was paid compensation A few days after the operation pleurisy developed but this seemed to clear up and he re turned to work about eight weeks after being discharged from the hospital Thoug continuing at work the employee steadily lost weight complained of pain in the abdomen and was always tired and his appetite was impaired On Jan. 25 1937 th employee underwent another operation and it was then discovered that a gastric ulcer had perforated the stomach He died five days later from general periton- itis There was medical testimony to the effect that the treatment of a gastric ulcer consists essentially of rest freedom from worry and generally building up the body vitality that worry is one of the prime causes of increas- ing the acidity of the stomach juice which is a prime cause in speeding up the cause of ulcer if not causing it that if the employee failed to regain his health following the injury we have all of the factors which would have activated a existing ulcer or speeding its course whenever it developed and that therefore the perforation of the ulcer was directly connected with the indus- trial injury suffered by the employee Although said the Supreme Court the testimony of the medical experts relied on by the department may not seem convinc- ing a court is not at liberty to weigh it or pass on the preponderance Rickard v Bridgeman Co. et al Mich 284 N.W. 689 498 Workmen's Compensation Acts Compensability of Death Following Mental Overexer- tion J.Am.Med.Assoc 114 1955-1956 1940 The employee was a timekeeper for the defendant company During the latter part of July 1934 at a time when the temperature ranged from 87 to 90 F. he worked steadily for twenty hours in an effort to locate an error in the payroll records Just as the error was discovered he slumped in his seat and died The industrial board awarded compensation to the employee's widow and children on a finding that twenty hours of continuous work constituted extraordinary exertion and that this extraordinary exertion is indirectly and causally connected with and responsible for the death of the decedent said exertion and great mental effort coupled with the fact that the decedent suffered from arterio- sclerosis resulting in his death from a cerebral hemorrhage The court of common pleas Montgomery County Pa affirmed the award and to the superior court of Pennsylvania In sustaining the trial court the superior court said The novel feature of the overexertion relied upon was more mental than muscular the employer appealed judgment of the this case is that We see no reason for holding that the overexertion which may make an injury or death resulting therefrom compensable must be solely physical in character Authoritative definitions of exertion do not confine its use to muscular effort .... As expressed by the court below there is no fundamental difference in law or principle between an injury or death caused by the cutting or crushing of a blood vessel in the brain through the application of external violence and the breaking of one through increased internal pressure due to the putting forth of an unusual or abnormal mental effort The employer appealed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania Of the five medical experts called the court pointed out four testified unequivocally that it was impossible definitely to establish any relationship tween the extra hours of work and the death The one physician who attempted establish such a connection succeeded only in showing that overexertion could beto have ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS RREERE RE IN IN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4 499 brought about the death To say therefore that death resulted from long hours 0010072 of work the court concluded was at most a pure guess The judgment of the 0010072 superior court for the claimant was therefore reversed and judgment entered for 01072 the employer Monahan v Seeds & Durham et al Pa 3 A. 2d 998 6A 2d - 889 MWBB MWBB MWBB Workmen's Compensation Acts Disability Resulting from Inhalation of Paint Fumes Not Occupational Disease J.Am.Med 114 1956 1940 During the last four months of his employment as a metal worker and upholsterer the workman was exposed about four times a week for short periods time to paint fumes discharged from a spray gun used by a fellow worker On several of these occasions he became ill After such an exposure on Oct. 9 1937 he was forced to quit work and procure medical attention In proceedings which he subsequently instituted under the workmon's compensation act of Oklahoma based on an allegation that he had sustained an accidental injury as a result of the exposure to paint fumes the two physicians who attended him testified that he had a vasomotor disturbance brought on by the exposure to paint fumes Modical evidence offered on behalf of his employer and the insurance carrier according to the reported decision definitely excluded any claim that respondent the workman might be suffering from an occupational disease The industrial commission awarded him compensation and the employer and his insurance carrier obtained a review of the award in the Supreme Court of Oklahoma It was contended among other things that the disability of the workman was due to an occupational disease and not to an accidental injury and that a finding by the industrial commission that that disability had resulted from the inhalation of paint fumes established as a matter of law that an occupational disease was the cause of the disability While it is settled in Oklahoma said the Supreme Court that com- pensation may not be awarded for a disability which results from an occupational disease that prinicple is not here applicable since the medical evidence adduced by the employer and the insurance carrier definitely eliminated from consideration any contention that the workman might be suffering from an occupational disease It is likewise a settled doctrine in Oklahoma that the benefits of the workmen's compensation act are not confined to cases of traumatic injury and that inhalation of vapors gas or dust may constitute an accidental injury within the meaning of the compensation act The Supreme Court believed accordingly that there was competent evidence before the industrial commission to sustain a finding of acci- dental injury The award in favor of the workman however was vacated on other grounds not here material Ross v Ross Okla 89 P. 2d 338 500 Heat Exhaustion Whether Employee Must Be Exposed to a Risk in Excess of that to Which Other Manual Laborers are Exposed Because of Hot Weather The trial court held that if the injury resulted from heat exhaustion in the course of the employment and would not have occurred but for the employment at manual labor on a hot day it arose out of the employment Such are not the terms of the Workmen's Compensation Law nor the construction given it by this court This court has followed the line of cases holding that where death en- sues from heat exhaustion it does not arise out of the employment merely because it resulted from manual labor not involving unusual strain or overexertion in the employment The employment must expose the employee to a risk in excess of that to which other manual laborers are exposed because of hot weather Gulf States Steel Co. v Christison 228 Ala 622 154 So. 565. Judgment below reversed and cause remanded Ex Parte Standard Car Mfg June 6 1940. CCH Co. Ala Supreme Ct Decided 19921992 1992 1992 1992 1992 19921992 November November November NovemberNovember NovemberNovember November November November November November NovemberNovember November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS AABBRRAAMMSS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RERE RERE RE RE IN ININ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 5 0010873 501 Blindness Resulting from Monoxide Poisoning Testing Motors in Poorly Ventilated Room 0010873 Claimant 0010873 Claimant has an award for permanent total disability arising from blindness in 0010873 both eyes The evidence sustains the finding that the blindness resulted from 0010873 monoxide poisoning contracted while testing a large number of automobile motors MWBB each day in an illy ventilated room Award affirmed Rosky v Cadillac Motor MWBB Co. et al N. Y. App Div 3rd Dept. Memorandum Decision Decided March 15 MWBB 1940. CCH 502 Load Poisoning Whether an Injury Accidentally Suffered Within Coverage of Policy The policy indemnified the insured against liability resulting from personal injuries accidentally suffered or alleged to have been suffered by reason of accident by any of insured's employees One Knowles was employed by the insured to scrape the lead sheathing of certain underground cables in Florida Knowles and his helper performed this work in underground manholes in which the ventilation was very poor No electricity was available to propel the blowers in this par- ticular series of manholes and equipped only with ineffective masks the men worked for almost three weeks in atmosphero ladon with lead Each suffered sever- al attacks of acute lead poisoning and was taken to the hospital in a serious condition before the work was completed The insurer declined to make any investigation or to defend the subsequently filed suit on the ground that the injuries sustained were not indemnified Thereafter the insured settled the claim and filed this suit on the insurance contract to enforce reimbursement The insurer contends that the lead an occupational disease still evidence on the trial below poisoning is an occupational disease and if not it was not accidentally caused It offered no This court agrees with the insured that the lead poisoning so contracted was not an occupational disease These were the first cases of lead poisoning among the insured's employees although the lead conduits required scraping at regular intervals During a period of three years these workmen suffered no ill effects from the performance of their duties in manholes where proper working conditions prevailed and there is no evidence to show that such duties so performed normally result in lead poisoning The chain of causation here began with the performance of the work in the dangerous atmosphere of the unventilated manholes The cause of the malady was the failure of the company to use reasonable care to provide a reasonably safe place in which to pursue the occupation or reasonably safe appliances with which to work A disease which is not the ordinary result of an employee's work not to be anticipated as a consequence of pursuing same but contracted unusual circumstances connected therewith is an accidental injury reasonably by reaon of Also it is an accidental injury if it occurs unexpectedly not in the course of natural events and is capable of being traced to a definite time place and cause In the case at bar the only reasonable inference that can fairly be drawn from the evidence is that the disease resulted from an injury accidentally suffered within the coverage of the policy The peremptory instruction requested by the insured should have for further U.S.C.C.A. been granted Judgment for the insurer reversed and cause remanded proceedings Florida Power & Light Co. v United States Guarantee Co. 5th Cir Fla Decided June 7 1940 CCH 503 Silicosis Partial Disability Whether Common Law Action Maintainable The court below hold that plaintiff's remedy was under the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1915 P.L. 736 as supplanonted by the Occupational Disease Compensation Act of July 2 1937 P.L. 2714 which became effective January 1 1938 De- fendant contends that the Workmen's Compensation Acts provide the only remedy now available and relieve defendant from all liability in any other form of action 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 November November November November November November November November November NovemberNovember SST T ST ST ST ABI ABI ABI ABI ABI ABI RE RE IN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 6 0 10 74 for all disability resulting from silicosis Plaintiff replies that the Acts provide compensation only for total disability from silicosis and do not take 0010074 away his common law remedy for partial disability It is held that by accept- ing the provisions of the compensation acts an employee agreed to lock solely MWBB the Act for compensation and to give up any remedy he might otherwise have had MWBB By coming under the Act plaintiff surrendered his right in the words of the Act to any method of determination thereof other than as provided in Article three He gave up his right to sue in tort for the absolute certainty provided by the Act of receiving compensation on bringing himself within its compensatory clauses Plaintiff argues that even if the above construction is accepted he would have surrondered his right to sue in trespass only for injury occurring after the effective date of the act January 1 1938 but not for so much of the injury if any as was negligently inflicted before that But section 3 provides that The date when the disability occurs from occupational disease shall be deemed to be the date of injury or accident Plaintiff's disability occurred on March 8 1938 when he quit work The Act of 1937 was then in effect Judgment affirmed Moffett v Harbison Refractories Co. Penna Supreme Ct West Dist Decided June 24 1940. CCH 504 Pneumoconiosis When Existence of Disease was Ascertainable Statute of Limi- tations This suit was instituted by plaintiff on July 18 1934. Plaintiff worked for the defendant company from 1922 to 1926. He claims that he contracted pneumoconiosis but that this fact was not ascertainable until 1934. returned a verdict for plaintiff for 8000 Plaintiff remitted 500 The jury From the resulting 7500 verdict and judgment defendant filed a motion for new trial which was sustained Plaintiff has appealed The vital question raised here on appeal is whether or not plaintiff's action as a matter of law was barred by the five years statute of limitations sec 862 Rev. St. Mo. 1929 But under the provisions of Section 860 Rev. St. Mo. 1929 plaintiff's cause of action shall not be deemed to accrue when the wrong is done or the technical breach of *** duty occurs but when the damage resulting therefrom is sustained and is cap- able of ascertainment and if more than one item of damage then the last item so that all resulting damage may be recovered and full and complete relief obtained Plaintiff testified that he worked for the defendant company from August 9 1922 to May 5 1926 that his work was that of grinding chipping and filing metals that there was some one grinding all the time and a constant cloud of dust pervaded the room that the fan never operated very well that it was out of repair most of the time that no signs were posted and that he was not warned of the danger of inhalation of dust that no medical examination was made of him at the time he began to work or thereafter that no respirators were furnished him Plaintiff's testimony was corroborated by three witnesses each of whom had worked for the defendant during part of the time that plaintiff was working for defendant In 1926 plaintiff left his employment with the defendant company be- cause his health was getting bad Thereafter plaintiff did not engage in any kind of dust work Dr. Young testified that he had had a great deal of exper- ience in dust diseases that from ray pictures taken of plaintiff in 1934 he found that plaintiff was suffering from pneumoconiosis that he had examined all of the ray pictures taken of plaintiff from 1929 to 1933 in the several hospi- tals in St. Louis and that he found nothing in those pictures that would warrant a diagnosis that plaintiff then had pneumoconiosis that he found that plaintiff was suffering with said disease only from the ray pictures which had been taken of plaintiff in April 1934 and that therefore in his opinion the fact that plaintiff was suffering with pneumoconiosis was not ascertainable until sometime between October 3 1933 and April 4 1934. Dr. Young testified also that from his experience and the reading which he had done upon the subject it was his 7661 7661 7661 7661 7661 7661 76617661 7661 76617661 JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAONJOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON JOQWOAON ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMBSRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS : RERE RERE IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7 0010875 0010875 0010875 opinion that it takes from five to twenty years to develop a condition of the 0010875 character which he found in plaintiff working under conditions such as had been 0010875 outlined to him that in arriving at a diagnosis in a case of this kind the 0010875 character of the dust the kind of dust the amount of dust and the physical MWBB condition of the patient must be taken into consideration that there is no MWBB question but the condition could have been produced by the dust that the man MWBB inhaled into consideration all of the facts I would have to be of the opinion that it was The trial court granted defondant a now trial holding that it should have sustained defendant's demurror offored at the close of the case on the ground that plaintiff's cause of action was barred by the five years statute of limitations It is held that the trial court erred in granting defen- dant a new trial Upon the different conclusions as to record before this court whother or not plaintiff reasonable minds might reach was suffering with pneumocon- iosis and if so when that fact was ascertainable The record presents substantial testimony sufficient to make the question as to when plaintiff's cause of action accrued a question for the jury The order granting a new trial is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to reenter judgment for plaintiff for 7500 Clohesy v Century Electric Co. St. Louis Ct of Appeals - Mo Decided July 2 1940. CCH ; Papers on Dust Fume Gases and General Industrial Hygione Hygione 505 Industrial Health in War -- Emergency Report No. 1. Industrial Health Research Board H.M. Stationery Office London Abstr from Iron and Coal Trades Review 140 570 April 12 1940 The Report recommends 1 Avoidance of long hours and continuous work without an interval for rest 2 Allowance for Sunday rest and ordinary holidays 3 Use of measures to alleviate boredom e.g. by varying work and providing distractions such as music that do not too greatly alienate the attention 4 Arrange work to cut out unnecessary movements and effort and 5 Watch for danger signals such as increase in sickness absence accidents and labor wastage The second section of the Report deals with lighting and vision and stresses the necessity of converting improvisations consequent upon blackout conditions Ventilation is an even more troublesome problem consequent upon the blackout Recommendations to solve this difficulty are given at some length There is also a discussion of accident prevention 506 The Modifying Influences of Silicosis and Silicosis with Infection Upon the Healthy Chost E.P. Pendergrass and P.J. Hodes Radiology 34 400-404 April 1940 . The authors look with a new optimism upon the future of patients with silicosis Fibrosis of any origin interfering with the normal massage action of the lung predisposes to the accumulation of silica and pulmonary fibrosis If factors favoring further fibrosis such as additional ailica vascular stasis or infec- tion are avoided there is no reason why patients with minimal fibrosis may not remain well On the other hand if chronic or acute pulmonary infections super- vene there is little that can be done to prevent fibrous growth and pro- gression to massive fibrosis The hazard should be limited in patients with stabilized lesions and men with evidence of superimposed active infection should be removed from industry These latter if properly guided may be returned to health even in the face of an active infection 1992 1992 1992 NovemberNovember November November November NovemberNovember November November November November November November November November ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RERE IN ININ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 8 507 WB8-0010076 Respiratory Disturbances Suffered by Cardroom Workers Attributed to a Protein in WB8-0 10 76 Cotton Dust M.F. Tricc North Carolina State Board of Health Bulletin 13 pp September WB8-0010076 1939 WB8-0010076 Workers experienced respiratory trouble after the beginning of the processing of WB8-0010076 a low grado discolored cotton The difficulty was confined mainly to the employ ees of the cardroom and the cotton opening departments A British article on this subject is discussed at some length The conclusions reached therein seem to in dicate that the irritating substance is contained in the protein fraction of the dust Statistics of the U.S. Public Health Service show the incidence of sickness among cardroom workers is much greater than among spinners and weavers Better ventilation and the introduction of exhaust or vacuum stripping is essential in the prevention of this disease Dust control measures now involve enclosing the carding machines in a metal housing either partially or complotely and applying suction 508 Investigations on Pulmonary Function in Asbestosis L. Roemheld H. Kempf and H.W. Edlor Dout Arch f klin Mod 186 53 March 7 1940 Abstr from J. An.Mod.Assoc 114 2513 June 22 1940 According to those authors the relatively slight clinical symptoms of asbestosis are frequently in contrast to serious impairment of function A difference between the ray appearance and the clinical picture is also not uncommon It is difficult to determine the degree or functional impairment The authors studied the oxygen consumption in nineteen cases of asbestosis They found considerable conformity between the spirographic data and the severity of the clinical symptoms This method permits an estimation of the pathologic changes and discloses the extent of pulmonary insufficiency 509 Tuberculosis as Seen in a Large Industrial Center B.H. Douglas and E. Tompkins Radiology 34 405-410 April 1940 This is a presentation of 132 cases of tuberculosis which were admitted to the hospital Their occupations were varied the largest number 73 having been foundry workers of various kinds The authors point out the failure of collapse therapy as a moasure to be employed for tuberculosis They stress the scrious prognosis and emphasize the need for an accurate diagnosis in the interest of proper treatment 510 Factory Hazards in Paint and Varnish Manufacture H.L. Howard Varnish Making Oil & Col. Chem Assoc 164 1717 939 Abstr from J. of Soc of Cham & Ind 59 294 April 1940 Hazards associated with fire explosions fumes occupational disease etc. are reviewed 511 Safe Practice in a Brass Foundry M.A. Gimbol Penna Dept. of Labor and Industry Safe Practice Bulletin No. 15 9 pp 5 illustrations This bulletin another in a series describes the safe practices followed by a model foundry Modern methods of molding conveying and ventilation resulted in an increase in capacity of 100 and a 10 roduction in manufacturing costs The expense involved in making the changes in this foundry were written off in one year Skilled molders are now able to devote practically all their time to molding and less to shovelling and other wasteful operations Workmen are better satisfied with conditions resulting in higher production 512 Dust in Mine Atmospheres J.H. Griffiths and T.D. Jones Iron and Coal Trades Re- view 140 731 May 10 1940 British This is a report of the Coal Dust Research Committed of the South Wales Coal Own- ers Association The first work of the Committee was on the devolopment of a stan- dard technique for the collection of samples of borne dust The paper thimble Tthyepe of sampler authors give was the efficiency used and various factors affecting its wero resulting conclusions with accompanying discussion studiod 1992 1992 1992 19921992 1992 November November November November November November November ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS cf RE RE RE RE IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9 Black 0107 513 1940 and Ventilation Anon British Medical Journal No. 4130 March 2 Offices and factories present a special lation by the light arrangements lator will so resist the passage of air MWB problem owing to the lessening of venti- The provision of a light on a ventias to diminish the effective opening by half However if this is mechanical the black need not interfere the trouble arises where reliance is placed on natural ventilation The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine is soon to publish a report on the subject of ventilation during the black It will be abstracted in this Digest 514 Downdraft Ventilation W.C.L. Homeon Safety It is usually assumed that the vapors of most air In actual practice however the vapors Engineering 79 12,14 April of the solvents are heavier than mix with air at once and the result- ing difference in density between this mixture and the surrounding pure air is so slight that it is practically negligible The edges of tables used for the clean- ing of fur coats with carbon tetrachloride had barriers which supposedly blocked the heavy vapors and directed them toward exhaust slots Studies of the work- room environment disclosed that there was twice as high a concentration of the vapors in the air as there should have been To be effective a local exhaust system for solvent vapors must have its inlet as close as possible to the source whether it results in downdraft crossdraft or updraft The article stresses the danger of making assumptions as to the probable efficiency of an exhaust system for toxic substances in the absence of proper technical knowledge 515 Dust Control C.J. Alger American Millor 68 24-25 May 1940 A description of effective methods for the control of dust in the milling industry Wherever feasible of course the dust should be controlled at its source but this is not always possible For the best industrial housekeeping heavy duty vacuum cleaning equipment is the logical solution This may be either of the portable or stationary piped system Plants which have installed this apparatus have found it of value in control of infestation and salvage of valuable materials 516 Profits in Air -- Cummins Engine Company C. Strock Heating and Ventilating 37 33-35 May 1940 This is No. 17 in a series of articles showing how industrial plants promote processes and profits by scientific control of air conditions Fuel economy and greatly improved working conditions have resulted from the operation of a vapor collecting system in the injector test room in this new plant Blower type unit heaters have connections to the outside and have sufficient capacity so that altogether they provide three air changes per hour in the building All air both outside and recirculated is also cleaned in passing through the heaters Motorized ventilators are installed in the roof to allow for the exhaust of vitiated air in quantities equal to that supplied through the unit hoaters from the outside 517 Dust Control Part III Hood Inspection Maintenance Respirators and Sources of Information The hood is the F.F. Kravath most important Heating and Ventilating 37 single item in dust control 36-38 May As complete 1940 enclosure as possible is the most important rule to remember Adequate illumination must be provided in enclosing any process Exhaust equipment should be inspected and tested regularly Respirators find their place as an adjunct to in place of or during servicing of the exhaust system The author lists sources of information on various phases of dust control 1992 1992 November November November NovemberNovember NovemberNovember November November ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS RE : RE REIN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10 518 Dust Control Part I. Exhaust Devices for Hand Pneumatic Tools W.C.L. Hemeon 01 78 Heating and Ventilating 37 41-45 June 1940 A description of the problem of dust control among stone cutters in the granite monument and building stone industry Technical developments are summarized and the limitations of present day exhaust equipment are outlined The operations which generate dust in large amounts are the various chiseling operations employing pneumatic hammers sandblasting and to a far lesser extent hand chiseling Some of the older more or less inadequate installations are described and the more modern successful systems illustrated Laboratory studies have shown that a linear air velocity of 200 f.p.m. induced at the point of the tool by an exhaust hood is adequate to capture the dust formed by hand pneumatic tools Equations are given for calculating the necessary volume of air to produce a desired air velocity at any given distance from the hood face Power requirements beyond a radius of six or seven inches increase to unreasonably high values This is taken into consideration in the Massachusetts standard of recommended practices for the installation and operation of banker exhaust devices Difficulties with toolattached exhausts have not yet been surmountod Exhaust booths present disadvantages which may eventually be overcome but as yet are not used commercially to any extent Velocities of 3000 f.p.m. are usually given for the transportation of granite dust In the author's opinion there is little advantage to be gained by attempting to balance the flow in exhaust systems of this type by increasing frictional resistance in branches nearest the fan Under the stated conditions an exhaust fan with an inlet diameter about equal to that of the final section of the main duct will usually bo of proper size 519 The Venturi Ejector for Handling Air Part I. Experimental Study of the Ejector F.F. Kravath Heating and Ventilating 37 17-21 June 1940 In an effort to answer questions which might be raised by an ongineer the author conducted a series of experiments on what is considered the most efficiently shaped venturi ejector The results indicate that the induced air volume is vir- tually a straight line function of the jet volume Resistance applied on the induction side of the ejector resulted in an expected decrease in induced air volume Under identical conditions a 2 inch jet induces 600 of the air of a 6 inch jet and 250 the volume of a 4 inch jot However as the induction resis- tance is increased the relative superiority of the smaller jets decreases some- what but at free delivery it is possible to induce an air volume of approximate- ly 5-1 times the volume of the jet air The author emphasizes the reduction of resistance at the ejector discharge to an absolute minimum Even a small amount of additional resistance such as would only decroase the induced air by 25 to 40 if applied at the induction or secondary end is enough to destroy completely the effectiveness of the ejector if applied at the discharge end In fact not only is there no air induced but some of the jet or primary air actually reverses direction and comes out the secondary end This can be avoided by making any length of pipe as large in diameter as is practicable elbows should be of the long radius piece type and weather caps should be streamlined to avoid unnecessary shock losses If resistance cannot be avoided the jet velocity must be increased 520 Determination of Carbon Disulfide in Air F.F. Morehead Ind & Eng Chem Anal Ed 12 375-374 June 1940 The article describes a modification of the diethylamino method which has been made sufficiently sensitive for the determination of low concentrations in small samples of air by the use of methoxyethanol as the reaction medium The results compare favorably with those obtained by the xanthate method when used on air and very good agreement with Beer's law has been shown The author describes a new and very satisfactory type of absorption tube ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS :RE RE RERE RE IN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11 0010879 0010879 0010879 521 Profits in Air -- C. G. Conn Ltd. F.A. Westbrook Heating and Ventilating 0010879 37 39-40 June 1940 0010879 By the use of unit heaters an economical scheme was worked out for heating the - buildings and at the same time providing make air when one or more exhaust MWBB systems were in operation Whenever the exhaust fan for a particular group of MWBB buffing machines is turned on a relay in the motor circuit is actuated and causes a motor to position the dampers so that all the air handled by the unit heater is drawn from the outside When the exhaust fan is not operating the damper motor swings to the other position so that the heater is now supplied entirely with recirculated air The volume delivery of heated air from the unit is approximately the same as that handled by the exhaust fan for that group This system has the economic advantage of not heating more cold make air than is required to compensate for that removed by each exhaust fan 522 Profits in Air -- Ford Motor Company C. Strock Heating and Ventilating 37 32-38 June 1940 This is a description of an extensive exhaust system for 235 pieces of equipment by which the author terms a strikingly smart and clean job of engineering One section of the building required the exhausting of grinding machines the other where heat treating and hardening was carried out necessitated the removal of gases from the numerous furnaces A remarkable feature of the exhaust system serving the grinding department is the almost total absence of visible duct work This is achieved by carrying the exhaust connection under the floor to a main located under the aisle and thence to a riser located along the side wall of the building As the risers are relatively flat and located along the wall they are practically unnoticed The method of concealing the branches and main duct under the floor is illustrated The problem of clean doors in the under- floor duct systom was nicely solved On the roof are 15 banks of dust collectors consisting of 92 units capable of handling 92,000 c.f.m. oach bank serving an aisle To maintain a constant static pressure the filter bags are cleaned automatically by a pneumatic shaking mechanism which agitates the bag The heat treating equipment is arranged longitudinally through the hardening room An enclosure was built in front of all the furnaces extending over their tops in order that they might present a uniform appearance and be heat insulated from the working space Each of the furnaces is heavily insulated Three exhaust systems serve the furnaces and have a combined capacity of 58,100 c.f.m. Gas explosions are eliminated by automatic gas escape valves The ducts are also provided with back prossure dampers to prevent the fan from discharging back into the building when one is shut down -- this also prevents heat loss by stack action Where the vapors are hot and liable to discolor an inside casing with air space is pro- vided This system effectively eliminates any potential hazards without obstructing light or sacrificing appearance In the author's words It is no overstatement to say that the exhaust systems in the Ford Tool and Die Shop approach the ultimate in good plant housekeeping" 523 Triangle June Triangle of Responsibility 1940 A.S. Johnson American Mutual Magazino 19 11-16 The author describes the interdependence of the doctor the safety onginoer and the plant operating head He directs the attention of the plant physician to the position he can occupy to best advantage in the problem of occupational dis- ease control without becoming a prevention specialist It is his conviction that the doctors can assist tremendously by translating their medical findings into directly useful data for the engineer and operating divisions and by mak- ing recommendations for treating the workmen who are susceptible to but not dis- abled by the toxic exposure 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 November NovemberNovember NovemberNovemberNovember November November November November November November November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RERE RE IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12 080 10 -08MU 0800100-08MU 524 Tanks for Industry S.Saltonstall Safety Engineering 79 11-12 June 1940 The author describes the necessary equipment and gives instructions for the 080 10 -08MU cleaning of bulk plant tanks without the use of steam He estimates the cost 0800100-08MU of cleaning a 15,000 gallon tank at 12 - 15 tions during electric storms He warns against cleaning opera080-10 -08MU 525 Integrating Industrial Hygiene with Local Health Servico L. Graves A. Flotchor and C. Pharris J.Am.Pub.Health Assoc 30 493-498 April 1940 Duplications of service are pointed out which would result if a broadened industrial hygiene program was begun where a well organized public health program al- ready existed The authors feel that the development of industrial hygiene in some communities has been delayed by the confused and erroneous conception of this work held by some health officials An outline of the general qualifications for personnel in industrial hygiene are given -- in the author's opinion the public health engineer best fits the requirements Illustrations are given to show how an industrial hygiene service might be added to the program of local health departments 526 A New Modification of the Patch Test The Chamber Derm & Syphil 41 649-653 April 1940 The patch test method commonly employed in eczema Method tests is I. Rokstad Arch unreliable for examin- ation of the nonspecific i.e. oaustic effect on the skin exerted by certain volatile substances e.g. terpenes In this new method a celluloid chamber replaces the cellophane plate or impregnated cambric The chamber exerts a suction effect on the skin when applied correctly not only providing an air- tight space that prevents escape of the volatile test substance but inducing the formation of a papule within a certain length of time The papule constitutes the criterion of a successful test technique and it may also be assumed to facilitate the absorption of the test substances through the horny and sebaceous barrier of the skin This method has given constant results in studies of the toxicity of the terpenes 527 The Determination of Small Amounts of Formaldehyde in Air R.W. Kersey J.R. Maddocks and T.E. Johnson The Analyst 65 203-206 April 1940 The Association of British Chemical Manufacturers have set a limit of tolerance for formaldehyde in air at 0.025 mg per liter The authors found that most of the available methods for its determination were inadequate They devised a method for absorbing the formaldehyde from the air in a dilute aqueous solution of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride which seemed free from the disadvantages associated with absorption in water alone Full directions for the procedure are given Papers on Industrial Poisons Cancer Dermatitis Etc. 528 Health Hazards in Electroplating 328 June 1940 J.P. Russell Metal Finishing 38 321-324 Health hazards in the electroplating industry may be encountered in grinding polishing and buffing in degreasing in acid dipping or pickling in plating and in spraying with lacquers and enamels Chromic acid cyanides nickel solutions cadmium arsenic lead and mercury are all substances which may result in pathological conditions 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 November NNovemboer vember NovembNerovember NovemNbeorvember November November November November November November November November NovemberNovember ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAABRAMMSABSRAMS RERE RERE RE IN IN IN 0010081 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13 01081 529 Occupational Poisoning in the Viscose Rayon Industry A. Hamilton With an 0010081 appendix on A Study of Cases of Psychosis Among Viscose Rayon Workers by L. - Erskine U.S. Dept. of Labor Div of Labor Standards Bulletin No. 34 79 pp HWBB 1940 For sale by the Supt of Documents Washington D.C. price 15 cents HWBB HWBB This report describes the type of occupational poisoning found in the viscose rayon industry primarily those due to carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide The processes in the departments where these substances are used are described in some detail There is a discussion of the type of medical care supplied in the industry which in some of the smaller plants is of a superficial character and has resulted in some serious cases of occupational poisoning The larger plants have recognized the inherent dangers and provide caroful medical super- vision There is a resume of the study on carbon disulfide made by the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania Medical Group and a discussion of the various pathological results of poisoning by this substance -- the psychoses neuritis disturbances of vision effects on the ear intestinal disturbances effects on the skin and certain types of unusual symptoms Hydrogen sulfide also receives lengthy attention In the appendix Miss Erskine presents 27 cases of psychosis in an endeavor to learn whether probable connection oxisted between their mental condition and their exposure to carbon disulfide previous to commitment 530 Controlling Health Hazards in Pickling Departments M.A. Snell Steel 106 66 68 and 76 May 20 1940 Gases carried up in mists from pickling vats may include in addition to hydro- gen hydrogen sulfide mercaptans from the sulfur in the iron phosphine sili- con hydride and hydrocarbons Sulfur dioxide arsine and hydrochloric acid may also bo present Irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract dermatitis and even systemic poisoning may result furic acid containing more than 1/2 of never be used for pickling purposes from exposure to these substances Sul- 1 part 1,000,000 1,000,000 parts of acid should The various inhibitors especially the synthetic organic are effective as one means of control of the exposure to toxic gases Good ventilation however is an essential The author describes several good methods -- genoral room ventilation overhead boods of which he describes several types and slotted ducts located at each side of the tank The volume of air exhausted should be from 200 to 250 cu ft per minute per square foot of tank surface for overhead hoods and slightly more for the slotted ducts The air velocity at the slotted ducts should be from 1500 to 2000 feet per minute Push pull systems are very effective and do not require the large volumes of exhausted air necessary in straight exhaust systems The apparatus should all be of resisting materials Respiratory protective devices should never be used as a substitute for effective ventilation Protective clothing and skin creams should receive consideration 531 Rat Mortality Following Sodium Tungstate Injection F.W. Kinard and J. Van der Erve Am J. Med Sci 199 668-670 May 1940 The median lethal dose LD50 for old rats injected subcutaneously with sodium tungstate after a hour starvation period appears to lie between 223 and 255 mg equivalent to 140 to 160 mg of W The authors point out that there is a definite age effect and that prandial after moals conditions markedly influence results 532 Mercury Poisoning A.C. Giese Science 91 476 477May 17 1940 Vaporization of morcury takes place rapidly at room temperature and one cubic meter of air saturated with mercury vapor at 25 contains mg of mercury When a stream of air passes over a 10 sq cm surface of mercury at 25 at the rate of one liter per minute it becomes about 15 saturated and will contain 19 21992 19921992 19921992 1992 1992 November November NovemberNovember November November November November NovemberNovember NovemberNovember NovemberNovember November ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE RE RE RE IN IN IN 0 1 082 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14 about 3 mg of mercury per cubic meter Scattered droplets of mercury on the floor of the laboratory may soon result in toxic amounts in the air Since mercury poisoning is cumulative even very small amounts must be guarded againsta Mercury may be detected in dust from laboratories where the element has been handled in a number of ways and may be demonstrated visually by the use of a mercury resonance lamp and a screen of anthracene Precautions against the poi- soning are enumcrated 533 Chronic Manganese Poisoning In An Crushing Mill J.M. DallaValle et al Public Health Bulletin No. 247 77 pp 1940 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents Washington D.C. price 15 cents This is a report of the engineering and medical studies made in two manganesecrushing mills In one of the mills which had been in operation for about twenty years average concentrations of 173 mg of manganese per cubic meter of air were found in the vicinity of the pulverizer In the newer plant some effort was made to control the dust and here the dustiest operation that of filling bags or barrels exposed the operators to 6 mg per cubic meter Physical examination of the employees of the older plant revealed 34 cases of chronic manganese poisoning No cases wore found among men exposed to less than 30 mg of manganese per cubic meter but the report cautions against establishing this figure as a threshold limit because of the small number of cases and inter- mittent character of the exposure Muscular stiffness and incoordination are typical symptoms of this discase first apparent as disturbances in gait and difficulty in stepping backward without falling down speech disturbances in- cluding stuttering and running together of the words muscular twitchings or tremors and occasionally a mask facial expression The differential diagnosis of the disease which has much in common with multiple sclerosis paralysis agitans and progressive lenticular degeneration is discussed as are the various methods of control 534 Exposure to Fluorine in Industry W. Machle and E.E. Evans J.Ind & Toxicol 22 213-217 June 1940 A study of osteosclerosis caused by industrial exposure exposure to fluorine In view of the varying manifestations in animals and man it seemed desirable to establish quantitatively the levels of absorption at which these conditions occur The examinations have been given over five years of intermittent exposure and it has been found that concentrations of fluorine harmful to experimental animals have been tolerated by workers without evidence of damage Analytical determinations show that the exposure of these workmen has resulted in absorption of more than three times the normal amounts of fluorine but no clinical evidence of abnormal- ly large deposits in bones and teeth has appeared 535 Lead Poisoning in Infants Due to Painted Toys and Cribs F.H.Lewy Penna Dept. of Labor and Industry Safe Practice Bulletin No. 8 5 pp April 1939 Colic anemia and peripheral norve disease such as wristdrop are comparatively infrequent in children while involvement of the brain and disturbance of its function are in the foreground Hence the importance of preventing children especially infants from contact with the lead painted surface of toys cribs and woodwork Children seam more susceptible to small quantities of lead than adults and the specific sensitivity of the infantile brain may be caused by its lesser resistance to partial oxygen lack The treatment of lead encephalopathy is very unsatisfactory The author urges Child Welfare Organizations to crusade for the exclusion of harmful paints in the manufacture of toys and nursery fur- niture 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 119992919922 19921992 AABBRRAAMMSASBRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMASBRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RERE RE RERE RE RE IN ININ IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 15 536 MolteLn ead Oxides White Lead and Lead Colors F.W. Eckfeldt Penna 0 1 83 Dept. of Labor and Industry Safe Practice Bulletin No. 19 10 pp 11 illustra- tions February 1940 This is another in a series of bulletins on safe practices It treats the proce dures carried out by one company in the manufacture of metal products lead oxides white lead lead paints and lead colors Lead melting kettles are provided with hoods connected with an exhaust system to remove fumes given off from the surface of the molten metal Furnaces for oxidizing pig lead to the powdered oxide are hooded to prevent dispersion of the dust into the workroom Steel drums containing oxide are provided with type portable exhausts which are controlled in position with counterbalances acting on chain and pulley Flexible connections aid in quick removal when drums are to be weighed Corroded buckles of white lead in Old Dutch Process are dumped into a covered metallic bucket which is furnished with portable exhaust to remove lead dust Fill- ing of barrels is accomplished in an enclosed packing machine which effectively eliminates the dust Workmen mixing batches of colors containing lead are provided with positive pressure respirators Personal hygiene is fostered by giving additional compensation to those who take showers 537 Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on Retention of Lead by Growing Organism L.G. L^,dererand F.C. Bing J.Am.Med 114 2457-8461 June 22 1940 Studies made with young albino rats lead to the conclusion that the amount of lead stored in the body is decreased when calcium carbonate is added to the diet Phosphates have no significant effect Lead is found stored chiefly in the bones and the kidneys have relatively high contents compared to the liver Calcium appears to exert its beneficial action by preventing the absorption of lead from the intestinal tract as the calcium in the diot seems to have no effect on the retention of load administered by injection into the abdominal cavity 538 The Biochemical Behavior of Lead I. Influence of Calcium Phosphorus and Vitamin D on Lead in Blood and Bone A.E. Sobel H. Yuska D.D. Peters and B. Kramer J. Biol Chem 132 239-265 1940 l. Experiments were designed to study the influence of dictary Calcium Phosphor- us and vitamin D on the biochemical behavior of lead in young rats The dicts used varied with respect to these three factors but were similar in their lead content 2. The results show that influence of all three dietary factors namely Calcium Phosphorus and vitamin D must be considered in the biochemical behavior of lead 3. Lead doposition in the bones may be explained by post- ulating that lead phosphate and vitamin D form a system of lead deposition analogous to the system of calcification The addition of Calcium tends to re- move Phosphorus from the system for lead deposition 4. Blood lead values obtained may be explained by assuming a relationship between blood lead and dietary lead to Phosphorus ratios similar to the relationship between blood Cal- cium and dietary Calciutmo Phosphorus ratios The influence of vitamin D upon blood lead is similar to its influence blood Calcium on corresponding dietary metal to Phosphorus ratios 5. was oxperimentally demonstrated that simultaneous lead deposition and removal of Calcium from the bones is possible Furthermore it was shown that increased calcification does not necessarily mean increased lend deposition 6. It is concluded therefore that lead deposition is directed by a systom of its own which is governed by the same laws as is Calcium deposition but does not necessarily go in the same direction The effect of Calcium on the deposition is essentially competitive because it tends to re- nove Phosphorus available for load deposition -- Author's summary 539 A Single Trauma as an Etiological Factor in Carcinoma W.E. Leighton and E.C. Asso3c7 Schmidtke J. Missouri State Med 267-277 July 1940 The authors present seventy cases of superficial cancers initiated by a single trauma which were not biased by a medical phase The authors 19921992 1992 1992 November NovemberNovember November November November November NovemberNovember November November November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMABSRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS RE IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16 540 believe that although trauma in itself does not produce a cancer it apparently sets off something and that in certain cases it is the inciting cause or in- 01 84 stigation of the cancer Cancer Incidence Among Lead Workers 37 298-299 July 1940 The author concludes that there is no B.J. Black J.Missouri available body of data State Med Assoc which can be used to answer the question Is there a smaller incidence of cancer among workers ex- posed to lead poisoning or plumbism than among workers not so exposed The interest in this problem is initiated in the speculation that lead might be an effective agent in the destruction of the embryonal type of cell that constitutes cancer Studies of the incidence of cancer among workers in industries allied to lead manufacturing give but inconclusive results However mortality records of two smelting plants indicate that the cancer deaths for these men who are subject to lead fumes is relatively small 541 An ray Study of the Effects of Industrial Gases Upon the Human Lung E.E.Evans Radiology 34 411-424 April 1940 Serial rays of the chests of a large number of men in the chemical industry were begun five years ago During this period approximately 17,000 chest rays have been made The cases are discussed in four groups depending on chemical exposure The program has been carried out to determine the effects of low con- centrations of various gases upon the human lung namely hydrofluoric acid chlorine hydrochloric acid sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide phosgene phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus trichloride No data is given as to the concentrations of the gases these men were exposed to In the author's opinion the ray films show no visible evidence indicating lung changes 542 The Response Attending Exposure of Laboratory Animals to Vapors of Methyl Bromide D.D. Irish et al J.Ind & Toxicol 22 218-230 June 1940 The possibility that this substance may attain widespread a fumigator stimu- lated this investigation into the physiological effect of its vapors on man and other animals It was found that animals could tolerate quite large doses for short periods of time but eventually showed severe lung irritation However they tolerated a daily hour exposure for a long period of time to a concentra- tion not far below the maximum tolerated for a single exposure of 8 hours Also recovered animals showed no functional or physiological abnormality Although it is less toxic to man than some fumigants the authors warn that with proper precautions it may be used without serious damage 543 Hematologic Control of Intoxications by Volatile Hydrocarbons A. Langelez G. Peremans Abstr from The authors and H. Bastenier Medicale 20 430 January 28 J. Am Mod Assoc 114 1702 April 27 1940 review the cases of industrial hydrocarbon poisoning which 1940 have occurred in Belgium during the years 1932-1938 Nearly all were due to benz l which was probably the coal tar derivative and not benzine A complete picture of the blood ohanges involved is given 544 Eruptions and Photosensitivity Due to Dyed Fabrics Syphil 41 1044-1052 June 1940 E. Epstein Arch Derm & This is a presentation of a review of the literature and a discussion of eight casos of eruptions due to dyed clothing This condition is of course quite often of industrial importance Dyed fabrics may cause dermatitis venanata photosensitivity pyoderma hidradenitis suppurativa lichen simplex chronicus and urticaria The author stresses the importance of hyperidrosis and of bleed- ing He questions the importance of sex and polysensitivity in the production of these dermatoses 192 1992 November November November NovemberNovember November November November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS : RE IN IN IN IN Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 17 545 Role of Vitamin C in Various Cutaneous Diseases W.F. Lever and J.H. Talbott April Arch Derm & Syphil 41 657-663 1940 The authors find no direct correlation between the level of vitamin C in the blood and the dovelopment of the several discases of the skin which were inves- 0 1 85 tigated Low levels of vitamin C in the blood of most patients with pemphiguMsWBB purpura or generalized exfoliative dermatitis is believetdo be due to the fact MWBB that most of these patients had been ill for a long period with an elevated tem- perature Eighteen patients with various diseases of the skin showed no coin- cidental improvement under treatment with large amounts of vitamin C. 546 Cutaneous Hypersensitivity to Triethanolamino G.H. Arch Derm & Syphil 41 729-731 April 1940 A report of two cases of cutaneous hypersensitivity Curtis and E.W. Nethorton to triethanolamine one due to shaving cream the other to an ointment However on the basis of patch tests on one hundred other persons without a positive reaction the authors be- lieve it is safe to assume that this condition is rare 547 A Twenty Year Survey of Anthrax in the United States Sixth Report of the Committee on Anthrax H.F. Smyth Sr. American Public Health Assoc Bulletin 3087 16 pp October 18 1939 There have been 1,683 cases of anthrax with 353 deaths in the period 1919-1938 Since 1928 there has been a decrease in the number of cases but this has pro- bably been due to the industrial depression with a corresponding decrease in the number of employees and also in imported hides and skins with a greater use of killed hides which are usually from Government anthrax animals Further proof of this is to be found in the fact that the decrease comes only from industrial groups The drop in fatality rates comes practical- ly all from the cases in organized industries where earlier diagnosis more prompt treatment and extensive use of serum and arsenicals are employed This report shows that there is still a decided need for prophylactic measures to be taken in the prevention of anthrax If hides and skins the largest single cause of anthrax had been properly sterilized there would have been saved in the 20 years a large number of deaths and over 10,000 days lost time but as yet there is no accepted method for carrying out such sterilization 548 Photosensitization by Phenothiazine F. DeEds R.H. Wilson and J.O. Thomas J. Am Med Assoc 114 2095-2097 May 25 1940 This substance is one of the more promising organic insecticides developed as a substitute for lead and arsenic Reports of irritation among men using it for spraying purposes have been made although laboratory workers have used it with impunity and it has even been administered orally as a urinary antiseptic without untoward results The explanation for this seeming contradiction apparently lies in the products to which the substance is oxidized in the body After oral administration phonothiazine is oxidized to the reversible oxidation tion system leukothionol This system will sensitize individuals to sunburn The fact that the orchard workers who use the spray are subjected to environmental conditions sharply contrasting with those of the tested laboratory workers and hospital patients is also a determining factor in tracing the source of the difficulty Laboratory tests conducted on the basis of these facts showed that the trouble was due to the resulting photosensitization and not to local irritation by the phenothiazine 549 Cheilitis and Dermatitis from Toothpaste L.B. Beinhauer Arch Derm & Syphil 41 892-894 May 1940 A presentation of two instances of cheilitis and dormatitis following the use of toothpaste In one case thymol was the offending drug in the other alpha naphthol was suspected 19921992 1992 1992 1992 19921992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 November November November November NovemberNovember NovemberNovember ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS RERE RE RE RE RE RE RE ININ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18 50010086 50010086 550 Dermatitis From Elasti Garters and Wrist Watch Straps E.P. Zeisler J. Am Med Assoc 114 2540-2542 June 29 1940 50010086 This is a report of two cases of dermatitis resulting from the wearing of garters and wrist watch In the author's by intimate and straps of elasti made from a new synthetic resin HWBB opinion the affection is due to a specific sensitivity induced HWBB prolonged contact with the material Negative patch tests are not a sufficient criterion of noninjurious effects as the method would not correspond to the long wearing of a constricting band against the skin over a long period of time Mechanical friction and overheating of the skin are also determining factors The author believes that hydrolysis takes place and that in this way irritating compounds are producod Although this is the first re- port in the literature the author mentions 28 other cases which have come to his attention 551 Industrial Dermatitis Committee on Healthful Working Conditions National Association of Manufacturers Safety Engineering 79 35-37 June 1940 Claims for compensation due to skin damage in industrial work reported in incomplete state reports and to the Office of Dermatoses Investigations of the U.S. Public Health Service have constituted about 65 of all reported occupational disease cases The economic loss to employees and employers is largely preventable Although the information in this summary is of necessity general in character nevertheless an offort has been made to treat the subject so that not only the control of a specific dermatitis problem can be set up but that the control shall be practical The publication lists in detail the industries most affected by dermatoses 552 Papular Lesion in Chicken Feather Pickers J.Am.Med Queries & Minor Notes 115 76 July 6 1940 Warts noted on the hands of girls engaged in picking chicken feathers are no doubt the particles workers result of a foreign body reaction resulting from the embedding of of feathers Lesions of a similar type have been noted in asbestos For prevention the workers should wear sturdy gloves made of rubber or one of the newer elastic fabrics 553 Mite Dermatitis D.E.H. Cleveland Arch Derm & Syphil 41 831-834 May 1940 Although its nature and source are commonly unrecognized dermatitis in handlers of copra and cheese duc to irritation by mites found in these materials is not ; uncommon Secondary infection usually complicates the cruption and therefore regu lar handlers of these materials require some protective measuros Thorough ad- vance greasing of the exposed parts with an inert fatty substance and cleansing with soap and water after working appoar to give efficient protection 554 Dermatitis Due to Safety Pins Interesting Sequence of Sensitization Due to Con- tact with Nickel J.G.Downing Arch.Derm Syphil 41,568-569 March 1940 This is a report of a case of nickel sensitivity in a woman due first to safety pins and then to nickel plated garters It has been noted in nickel platers that those who have suffered from an eruption as a result of their trade become secondarily sensitive to leather and have a dermatitis on their foreheads and on the dorsa of their feet The author believes that some of the eruptions of the hands and feet which have been called fungous infections without cultural proof have started as a nickel dermatitis of the giners with a secondary sensitization of the feet due to leather 1992 1992 1992 1992 199219921992 1992 1992 November ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABR MSABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMS ABRAMSABRAMS RE RE IN IN IN IN IN Anthrax report 547 Asbestosis pulmonary function Cancer 539-540 Carbon disulfide determination Dermatitis 508 Dust control general 517 milling 515 stone cutting 518 Dyes 544 Dust cotton mine 507 512 Electroplating 528 Fluorine poisoning 534 Formaldehyde determination Foundry safe practices Hydrocarbon poisoning 543 Industrial health in war 505 Industrial hygiene general 525 Haylett Thiet Haylett INDEX Haylett July 1940 01 87 Lead poisoning 535-536-537-53-6537-85540 5335-5836--5375-5348-5040 Manganese poisoning 533 Mercury poisoning poisoning 532 Methyl bromide 542 Occupational disease control 523 decisions 502-503-504 Paint hazards 510 Patch test 526 Phenothiazine photosensitization Pickling 530 hazards 548 Rayon industry 529 Silicosis general 506 tuberculosis 509 Sodium tungstate 531 Tank cleaning 524 Triethenolamine dermatitis 546 Ventilation black 513 downdraft 514 general 516-521-522 venturi injector 519 Workmen's compensation decisions 496-497-498-49-50-501 496-497-498-499-500-501 ray 541