Document kDQjgZxEYqKkL7jqpZQR9Z5dE

GoLIAth loins National Capital Region, Washington, D C.. August 1978. See page2. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 LIA's GoLIAth: A pioneer electric vehicle On August 1 1. 1978. Lead Industries Association's 1LIA1 battery-powered played an active role in the electric ve hicle research and development program. delivery van was placed in permanent Significantly, this program was launched demonstration service with the .National in 1972. about five years before Public Capital Region i.NCK), the division of Law 9 1-418--the Electric & Hybrid Ve the National Park Service that maintains hicle Research. Development & Demon Federal parks and historical sites in the stration Act of 1976--was passed. \V ashington, D.C. area. LI AN program was devoted to the In a ceremony on the .Mall near primary objective of the electric ve Washington's famed Rejecting Pool, hicle development project--to determine William P. Wilke III, Chairman of LIA, the type of iffservice work situations presented the keys to GoLIAth to Ira electrics carfbest perform. An additional Hutchinson. Deputy Director of the Na important part of the LIA program tional Park Service. As part of the cere- was to inform as many potential users of monv Mr. Wilke discussed GoLIAths battery-powered trucks as possible about history and the vehicle's contribution in the advantage of electrics. furthering the development of electric During 1971. GoLIAth completed a trucks. The following are highlights of 25-citv tour of the L .S. and Canada while his remarks: performing a wide variety of demanding GoLIAth is the forerunner of thou tasks. Placed in operation again in 1975 sands of battery-powered electric work for extended periods of time. GoLIAth vehicles that are expected to be in service further demonstrated its ability to oper in the immediate future. A 6.000-lb gross ate in a variety of temperatures and ter vehicle weight enclosed van. GoLIAth rain. was purchased bv LIA to demonstrate It is indeed fitting that GoLIAth be the advantages of battery-powered, short- turned over to the Lnited States Depart haul delivery vehicles to perform a wide ment of Interior for operation by NCR. variety of pickup and delivery, as well For years. NCR and LIA have shared as personal transportation tasks. a common goal: to introduce the use of GoLIAth is the first L.S. production battery-powered electricMirork vehicles. line electric since the late 1920's. It is NCR's electric vehicle development one of the more than 100 such vehicles program is perhaps the most successful ordered bv the nation's electric utilities of any such program in the country. Its to test and evaluate the performance of 50-vehicle licet includes more than a lightweight battery-powered trucks in a dozen different types of electrics--all the variety of in-service performance tasks, way from an 18-passenger bus to cargo and to determine what effect the large carriers, dump trucks, passenger cars, st ale use of such electrics could have on and even a street and sidewalk vacuum electric power consumption. cleaner. Thev provide outstanding exam The program was administered by the ples of how scores of work tasks can be Electric Vehicle Council and, as an asso performed by quiet, efficient, non-pollut ciate member of that organization, LIA ing electric vehicles. William P. Wilke III, Chairman of Lead Industries Association, Inc.(lett), turns over keys ot GoLIAth to Ira Hutchinson, Deputy Director, Nations/ Park Service. It was primarily due to the this electric vehicle develop that GoLIAth w ^rst assip^J NCR for a demonstrraattiioonn and evalu^, tion program in June. 1976. The Tl vehicle was a familiar sight in the area that Su mmer, transporting Person, nel and maintenance equipment to and from the festival of American Folklif Based on the initial success of this deiin. onstration program, GoLIAth was aga;,, assigned to NCR for an extended test and demonstration program in April, I977 In the interim, the vehicle, re-namej GoLIAth II, underwent extensive rede, sign and reconstruction. This included j more streamlined body, the latest ij tires for electric trucks and an advanced electronic motor controller. Also a new type of fuel gauge gives both the driver and maintenance personnel a better un. derstanding of how much energy is avail, able in the batteries. But most important of all. GoLIAth II was equipped with the newest maintenance-free lead battery Jor starting/lighting/ignition to operate the truck's lights, windshield wipers, heater fan, and other electrical components other than the motor. GoLIAth might be considered the vanguard of the commercial electric vehicle industry. It represents the first of many electric trucks that will appear on the streets of the L .S. in the near future. Meanwhile you can rest assured that the lead industry will continue to develop improved lead acid batteries to extend the range of not only these trucks, but also passenger cars and buses. CONNEL A. BAKER, JR. It is with regret that we announce to Connel Baker's many friends and acquaintances in the industry his death on June 21, 1978. Connel joined the LIA in 1963 and imme diately found his niche in the battery area. He gathered background ma terial and helped to write publicity articles and advertisements on in dustrial battery applications. Later he was instrumental in LIA's obtain ing the FIRST electric van of the GoLIAth type, and he traveled 25.000 miles around the U.S. and Can ada promoting acceptance of a con cept whose time has now arrived! Meanwhile, we watched the indus trial battery market for lead grow from 30,000 to 90,000 tons annually. Surely Connel's tireless and persis tent work in this field contributed much to growth in this market. His many friends on staff will miss Con nel Baker sorely. pneumatic-tire electric lift trucks gain favor for indoor/ Outdoor applications 0pn Deere's pneumatic-tire electric fork lift efficiently transports bulky subassemblies gin one building to another. Improved lead-acid batteries and solid state controls, coupled with the in creasing cost of fossil fuels, have boosted ihe popularity of electric fork lift trucks. Vow industry is taking a closer look at jattery-powered lift trucks equipped with ineumatic tires for outdoor as well as iidoor material handling applications. The versatility of these trucks permits .isers to standardize on electricity as a ingle fuel source and to avoid having maintenance facilities and parts for both ombustion engine-powered and batterynnvered types. Most pneumatic-tire electrics being marketed here are adaptations of trucks neing used in Europe, where electricity las been a primary energy source. The neumatic tires also are favored because hey supply greater traction to negotiate obblestone and macadam surfaces com monly found around factories and star ve yards. Also, the advanced age of many European factories limits the llowable lloor loads. The wide footprint 1 the pneumatic tire spreads the load etter than cushion types. Now industrial plants in this country re becoming increasingly aware of the mutability of pneumatic-tire electric lift fucks to their particular operation. For sample, chemical and paint plants often 'ave outdoor product storage areas hich could be served by this type of fuck. And these plants often require It truck operation in hazardous environ ment where electrics are eminently more uited to function. Environmental considerations often :,ctate the use of fume-free electrics in cold storage warehouses and food pro cessing plants. Yet slippery floors can preclude the use of cushion-tire types. However, the pneumatic tire s wide tread contact area can provide the necessary traction on wet or greasv floors. Pneumatic tires filled with urethane polymer also offer added blowout pro tection against the debris often found on the floors of foundries. And the ability to move in and out of tight spots in a storage vard filled with cores and molds gives these trucks another advantage in foundries and steel mills. In lumber yards, the pneumatic-tire electric vehicle can reach piles of wood stored off the concrete apron on a gravel surface. This task is a marginal application for a cush ion-tire truck. The marketing manager of a leading lift truck manufacturing firm sees a growing interest in pneumatic-tire elec trics for these applications, as well as other indoor/outdoor uses. "They com bine some of the best characteristics of both electrics and engine-powered trucks with pneumatic tires," he said. Users are also finding an extra plus in the fact that the pneumatic tire casing can be re capped a number of times, usually for less than the cost of a solid new tire. An unusual feature of some pneuma tic-tire electrics is the 72/80 volt elec trical system that draws its power from two standard 36-volt lead acid batteries connected in series. This higher voltage is the European standard. The control system enables the higher voltage to deliver the same power output at greatly reduced amperage. Top speeds can equal those of engine-powered trucks. How ever. the electric has the advantage of greater low speed capabilities. A pneumatic-tire electric fork lift is currently performing satisfactorily at the John Deere Waterloo Tractor Works in Waterloo. Iowa. The 7000-lb capacitv, 72-volt Clark Equipment truck travels back and forth between two buildings, 1500-ft. apart, carrying heavy loads. The two 600-ampere-hour 36-volt lead-acid batteries provide ample power for six hours of continual shuttle service. Two sets of batteries are used since the ser vice is required for two shifts. The fact that the truck is electric means that it can go indoors too, with out creating air pollution problems. In one building it picks up racks with transmission-axle sub-assemblies, deliv ers them to a tractor assembly area in the other building and returns with the empty racks. In its travels between the two builddings. the truck must cope with Iowa weather: rain, sleet, snow, heat and cold and resulting bad road conditions. The heavv loads must be transported over a l'i to 2c,'r grade between the buildings and three railroad crossings. Also, there are doorways to pass through, while carrying a 10-foot long load. John Deere considers this shuttle ser vice as a "test case" for high voltage electric pneumatic-tire trucks, which can lead to further applications. The com pany launched an electric truck program in 1973 to provide economical, depend able production service with minimized downtime and reduced maintenance. Since then, a further incentive has been to cut dependence on LP-gas. to conserve energy and to reduce noise and ventila tion problems. Wherever possible, even in yard operations, battery-powered trucks will be used. 3 j "Poured in place" red lead protects George Washington Bridge Red lead paint poured into can travels through tube which extends down through cutouts in bridge deck and flows into portable "dam" which sur rounds bottom 3r/i ft. of the bridge cable. 4 A clear plastic covering called Cablewrap and an outer PVC shell is used to enclose the bottom 15-ft. of mc a suspender cable on the George Washington Bridge. In photo, red lead paint is poured down into the encloses area where the paint soaks Into the cable and provides a secure barrier against the effects of corrosion. A unique method of applying red lead paint to the steel suspension cables gineering Department, explains that at a result of this continual splashing, the that support the George Washington lower 12-ft. of each cable above the side Bridge has eliminated a potentially seri walk, and especially the bottom TU-ft ous corrosion problem that faced the which extend below the sidewalk of the Port Authority (PA) of New York and Bridge's upper deck are prime targets New Jersey, operator of the famed for serious corrosion problems. The structure. The graceful bridge, which slush and other moisture splashed on the connects the island of Manhattan with cable seeps through the strands and New Jersey, has become one of New down the sides of the cable to settle in York City's best-known landmarks since the bottom 3lv>-ft. where the cable at it was built in 1931. taches to the Bridge deck. If allowed to The 1,184 suspender cables that sup build up, the residue could corrode the port the bridge are subjected to the cables in this area. corrosive attack of rain, fog and snow After a careful study of the problem throughout the year. Protecting these a two-fold solution evolved. The first cables from corrosion is a problem and step was to encapsulate the bottom 15-ft particular care must be taken to provide of each cable with a 5-mil clear plastic special corrosion protection for lower covering called Cablewrap, which is then sections of the cables that are near heat sealed. A Schedule 10 split or adjacent to the bridge deck. They pipe is then placed around the Cable- are continually splashed with salt-laden slush, rain, snow and other debris from passing vehicles during the winter. Robert P. Crandall, PA Supervising wrap and the entire installation is >* cured with hose clamps. The PA pointed out that while the height of the splas zone" was actually 12-ft.. it was decid Engineer -- Construction Division -- En to encapsulate up to a height of 15' * LIA26840 ^ an extra precaution. I sins a funnel, members of the paint crew then pour J lead paint down into the encap- ulated area where the paint soaks into |je cable, filling anv voids and provid- [)2 a verv tight, secure barrier against [|,e effects of corrosion. Old paint, of course, is removed from ,),t. cables prior to the two-step encap,u|ation and red lead treatment. Re moval of the old paint is accomplished i,v first applying a solvent and then ,,ater-blasting the cables down to the i^se metal w ith a high pressure water / j<t'/ The second part of the plan is cen tred upon the bottom H1 -ft. of each able, located below the sidewalks that fUn alongside the upper level of the mo-level bridge. Although this portion jf the cable is also encapsulated, the [act that all the slush, rain and other debris settle in this lower area prompted the PA to add an extra measure of proaction against corrosion. This added protection involved soaking the lower portion of the cables in a "bath" of fed. lead paint, using portable rubber Jams" that were placed around the bottom dAo-ft. of each cable. Red lead paint is fed into these dams irom a paint can set on the sidewalk jbove. A tube attached to a spigot on (he paint can extends down through the circular cutouts in the sidewalk through which the suspender cables ch pass. Paint Hows down through the jsed tube and settles in the dam, soaking around and up into the bottom portions of the cables. The PA reports that the portable dams hold about 3^4 to 4 I (l( - aallons of paint and that the entire .-ft. cable treatment will require using ap t in- proximately 7200 gallons of red lead. .lets If the accumulated impurities in the red ih. lead are minimal, the red lead may be t lit* used over again. and The PA has been using red lead as in the prime coat on its bridges for a num at- ber of years and feels that it is one of I to the better means of protecting steel struc II if tures from the effects of atmospheric ind other forms of corrosion. Addi It* (M tionally, Robert Crandall says that red 1 r~t lead is more flexible in that it does not i-ft. crack or chip when the cables flex due -tic to the movement of the bridge. Inn Completing the red lead treatment is VC. expected to take approximately four to l.le ux months, after which a top coat paint s'* "ill be applied. The PA expects to use iteil he same method on the 216 cables of ash tts Bayonne Bridge which connects ,lel Bayonne, N.J. with Port Richmond, i-ft. haten Island, N.Y. Red lead primer stretches barge life Barge in dry dock ready for maintenance painting. A surprisingly large number of barges ply American inland waterways and off shore areas today. It is estimated that there are over 20,000 barges in service in U.S. waters and red lead primer helps to keep many of them on the job. The major portion of the nation's barge fleets consist of hopper and tank types. Not long ago most barges were considered expendable. When one became heavilv dented and corroded, it was scrapped. However, like the cost of almost everything, barge building has become increasingly expensive. This is causing many barge owners and operators to take a harder look at maintenance painting to stretch barge life. 'Tt used to cost almost as much to paint a barge as to build one." one barge owner said. "However, painting costs have not increased to the extent that barge building costs have. So the economics of better maintenance practices cannot be ignored." In addition, with more easily controllable towboats in the water today, barges do not suffer the damage they did in the past. This increases the practicality of applying a good protective coating, since it is likely to last longer. One barge rental company based in New Orleans is not only aware of the economic advantage of protecting the steel from rust, but also believes that appearance counts. All of the deck barges belonging to Thomas Jordan, Inc., are painted with a red lead primer above the waterline and then coated with an epoxy in a distinctive shade of yellow. The color sets Thomas Jordan barges apart from those of the competition. John O. Brown, who heads sandblasting and painting operations for the company, notes that the surface preparation is the costly part of barge maintenance. "Your crews will sandblast for six or seven hours and paint for an hour. This makes surface preparation far more costly than painting from a labor standpoint alone," he said. Because of this, Brown feels it makes sense to use the best protective coatings available to protect a barge. Finding it difficult to obtain a red lead primer w ith the necessary high density, the company contracted with a local manufacturer to have a red lead primer formulated to its own specs. The special mixture weighs 18 pounds per gallon as a result of the extra lead, and naturally costs more. Brown believes the extra expense is worthwhile. "It prolongs the life of the coat ing and the barge," he said. "Our experience indicates that this red lead is a superior primer and we are willing to pay a premium price to get it. In the long run we find it's the cheapest way to go." Another New Orleans barge rental firm reports that many customers request that their barges be put on floating dry dock and painted after several years. In salt water a barge may last only two or three years without a protective coating. In fresh water a barge may last up to five years without a recoating. A spokesman for the rental company said that they had some forty-vear plus off-shore barges still in operation, thanks to the company's policy of maintenance painting. Since the cost of a new barge averages between $175,000 and 3185,000, the money spent on maintenance labor and supplies seems like a sound investment. 1 I Electrics play key role in mushroom farm operation Personnel carrier has ils lead-acid batteries recharged between shuts. Battery-powered stand-up lork lilt moves ready-tor-market mushrooms trom packaging area to shipping department. How do you handle the chore of har vesting 50 million pounds of mush ting on the premises consists of 50 large personnel carriers, 35 fork lifts, both rooms annually when you grow them rider and stand-up types, and 25 two- underground? Clean, quiet lead-acid man personnel carriers. These vehicles battery-powered work vehicles can be a are involved in the mushroom growing big help. At least that's what Butler process from the collection of spores for County Mushroom Farm, one of the spawning to the final dumping of the world's largest producers, discovered compost trays. some time ago. Above ground facilities at Butler con Mushroom farming is big business. sist of a spawn laboratory, process and For many Americans these tasty tidbits research departments and a packaging represent the ideal complement to steak area. The remainder of the operation is and other dishes. Butler grows its mush conducted underground. The mushroom rooms in a w orked-out limestone mine at cycle starts with spores developed under Worthington, Pa. High humidity and sterile conditions to provide a spawn. year-around temperature of 56F com Then large wooden trays filled with bine to provide a natural environment compost are placed in pasteurizing for this activity. rooms at 135F for three days. The Currently, the Butler farm harvests spawn is then planted in the compost, twice as many mushrooms as it did ten and trailers move the trays, which weigh years ago, and its fleet of 110 lead-acid 1,600 lbs. each, to spawn growing rooms battery-powered vehicles is almost dou in the upper part of the mine. A special ble the number used at that time. The circulating system and air from the mine increased productivity can be attributed maintain the temperature at 70F to in no small measure to the fast, low-cost, promote initial growth. reliable operation of these vehicles After three weeks the trays are moved throughout the years. by electric fork lifts to the machine The fleet of electrics presently opera- room where the growth is covered with a layer of rich, loamy soil. The trays are next transported to the lower mine for the rest of the growing period. After 21 days the picking begins. Workers are transported underground in specially-designed lead-acid batterypowered personnel carriers, each with a capacity of from 15 to 18 passengers. Picked mushrooms are racked on flatbed trailers which are attached to the rear of these vehicles to carry the crop to the surface. The vehicles also carry crews to and from an underground cafeteria. And battery-powered carriers are used by the food concessionaire to service the cafeteria. During the picking time trays are picked daily, to assure that the mush rooms are at the proper stage of ma turity. To provide working light, the pickers wear hard hats, topped with leadacid battery-powered miner's lights. When a tray is completely picked, it is transported to the surface where elec tric fork lift trucks take it through a sterilization process and dumping. Trays are then carried back to be refilled, and the growing process starts over again. 6 LIA26842 Sheet lead governs noise in new addition to Oregon state capitol Increasingly, noise is becoming a seri ous problem in today's modern of fice buildings. Noise from typewriters, conversations, mechanical equipment such as fans and air conditioners, and noise from the streets all act as a deter rent to concentration. Most offices have a hung or drop-ceil ing made of lightweight materials. Partitions between these offices usually stop at the level of the hung ceiling, leaving an open space above the ceiling. This opening, called the plenum, pro vides free access for noise to pass from one office to another over the partition. A hung ceiling only reduces reverbera tion of sound within an office. It does not act as a barrier to prevent its escape. Perforations in ceiling tiles, and open ings required for lighting fixtures and sprinkler heads allow sound to enter the plenum, pass over the partition and enter adjacent offices. Very often sheet lead plenum barriers are specified as a solution for noise problems. Lead barriers are one of the most efficient and economical ways to block sound transmission between of fices. For example, sheet lead plenum barriers were used to soundproof 12 to 15 offices on each of seven floors in two new four-story buildings that were added to the Oregon State Capitol in Salem, Oregon. The project's architect specified %4in.-thick lead sheet which weighs 1 lb. per square foot (psf). About 10 tons of lead were required for the project. While gypsum board and other absorb ing materials were considered, lead sheet was finally selected since it repre sents the best sound barrier at reason able cost. The sheet lead was installed by Ceil ing Systems, Inc., Portland, Ore. Ac cording to Clare Woodward, Vice-Pres ident and General Manager of Ceiling Systems, "We found that sheet lead could be easily worked around pipes and ducts and showed good bondability and effec tive sealing." A spokesman for the architect stated that "the best way to soundproof an open-plenum office is to extend sealed wall partitions all the way up through the ceiling." Installation followed this method. Plenum depth was five feet in the first two stories of the two buildings, and four feet in the third and fourth stories. The sheet lead was cut to lengths equal to the plenum depth plus an extra six inches to allow for a lap onto the upper ceiling surface; four-foot wide sections were than hung vertically. Hanging was accomplished -by notching both top cor ners 3-in. x l^A-in., folding over the lVa-in. tab for vertical seams, and wrap ping the top edge of the sheet around the outside of a black iron channel. The channel and lead were fastened to the underside of the deck on 24-in. cen ters. Seams between vertical sheet were formed by rolling, or by turning up the l^o-in. tab at each vertical edge and sealing with 2-in. duct tape. Relatively simple techniques were suf ficient to fit and seal the lead sheet around pipes, wires, and ducts, and un der "pan"-type floors. For pipes and ducts the sheet was slit from the bottom to the point of penetration, where "orange peel" slits were made to accom modate their diameter. The sheet was then draped over the obstruction, and the orange peel segments were collared tightly and taped securely against it. Fi nally, the remaining vertical slit edges were drawn together and taped. Source: Federated Metal Corp. LILCO lights the way with electric vehicles ULCO's "Battronic Van" has a sensitive job. The work vehicle has been used as a gas snifter 10 delect main leaks. Van has 182 cu ft. of cargo space and a cruising speed of 30 mph. LILCO uses seven "Electra Vans" on meter reading routes from locations in Roslyn, Hewlett and Brentwood, Long Island. Vans have a maximum speed of 55 mph and a range of 60-100 miles. at various LILCO plant locations on Long Island. The cars hold two passengers and have a cruising speed of 35-38 mph. It Long Island one day leads the nation in the use of electric vehicles, it may be due. in part, to the initiative of the Long Island Lighting Company (LIL CO). The utility company, which sup plies electricity and gas to the millions of homeowners and thousands of large and small industries on the island, is involved in an electric vehicle demon stration program that will likely have a dramatic impact on the acceptance of electric vehicles. LILCO's EV demonstration program currently involves 12 lead batterypowered cars and vans. They are per forming regular service functions. At the same time, they are giving the util ity's customers and the general public a close-up look at electric vehicles in actual operation. Based in part on the success of the LILCO electric vehicle program, the utility has been selected by the Depart ment of Energy (DOE) to be a demon stration site operator under the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Program. Passed by Congress in 1976, the program calls for about 7,000 electric and hybrid ve hicles to be placed in commercial service to demonstrate the effectiveness of such vehicles to perform the same tasks as internal combustion types. LILCO's EV fleet includes seven lightweight vans. Each is powered by 16 six-volt lead-acid batteries. They re place conventional cars used for meter reading service. Four two-passenger cars, powered by eight lead-acid batteries, are performing on-site security patrol. A heavy-duty commercial van, also classified as light DOE has announced the selec tion of five private companies as demonstration site operators for electric vehicles. In addition to LILCO, those selected are Amer ican Telephone & Telegraph Co., Los Angeles; Consolidated Edi son Co., New York City; Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Fla.; and Penn Jersey Subaru, Inc., Pennsauken, N-J- The latter firm will sell or lease the vehicles to individuals and small compa nies. The five firms are expected to order 165 electric and hybrid autos, vans and light trucks this year. An additional 35 electric and hybrid vehicles will be pur chased by other Federal agen cies during the current fiscal year for testing on a cost-sharing arrangement with DOE. weight since it weighs less than 10,000 lbs., transports personnel and equipment for a team of experts in detecting gas pipeline leaks. The vehicles are recharged at night when there is less demand for electricity. Careful record-keeping so far shows the electrics to be cost effective in compari son to conventional equipment. LILCO is actively pursuing opportunities to parti cipate in government and industry spon sored research and demonstration pro grams as a way of contributing toward the overall development of electric ve hicles. All program data and analysis results are available to government agen cies as well as potential users. Public interest in the vehicles is at a very high level and has added a new dimension to the drivers' job. When the cars are in use, numerous questions are asked by pedestrians and other drivers. Most are concerned with the vehicles' capabilities. Hundreds of specially pre pared brochures have been distributed in response. The electrics have also been displayed at various trade shows and ex hibitions where consumers, as well as industry, government and education rep resentatives have expressed an interest in purchasing such vehicles. 8 LIA2 b&**A General Motors unveils battery-powered car i general Motors Corporation has introduced the first in a senes of battery-powered experimental autos. Called the Electrovette, the car is a modified Chevrolet Chevette, reports that the car has a top speed of approximately 55 mph, a range of 40 to 50 miles at 30 mph, and can accelerate from zero to 30 mph in 3 2 seconds. The car is powered by 20, 12-volt lead-acid batteries which weigh 920-lbs. and are located in the rear-seat area of the car. Under optimum conditions the batteries can propel the car on a single charge about the same distance as one gallon of gasoline-- approximately 41 miles. Battery-powered robots run the mail route Call them "Robby'\ "Egore" or "Norman the Mailer", lead power double-sorting. Packages and office sup plies can be carried on top. The loaded along the top of the cart. Tracel resumes when a green "start" switch is actiyated. is running a new breed of lead battery- vehicle is easily maneuvered to its start The Mailmobiles make their rounds on >00 powered robot carts in some surprising ing point by means of a steering handle an hourly schedule or more frequently, rnt new uses. . . . with an integral hand-operated grip if required. Reportedly, it costs essen gas Known as "Mailmobiles", the robot switch. This switch controls both for tially the same to run the cart eight times carts are delivering the mail in a grow ward and reverse movement. The handle a day as it would for a four-a-day ing number of offices across the country. retracts into the vehicle for automatic schedule, in general, Mailmobiles boost ght Sears Tower in Chicago, the dramatic operation. the number of daily pick-ups and de ity. new Citicorp Center in New \ork and The loaded carts are started on their liveries wherever they are used. the uri) is irti't>niroard vevsis en- the L.S. Department of Commerce in if ashington are examples of some major users. Powered by four, six-volt lead acid batteries, the Mailmobiles are ca pable of running a minimum of eight hours on one charge and are equipped with a self-contained battery charger. Recharging is performed overnight by simplv plugging the retractable charger cord into an electric outlet. rounds by simply flicking a switch. After that they automatically stop for 10 to 20 seconds at designated '`mail stop" sta tions. To detain them beyond the auto matic interyal one need only depress a red "stop" switch which runs full-length Soft, pressure-sensitive bumpers au tomatically stop the Mailmobile when obstacles are encountered. When the ob stacle is removed, motion resumes auto matically. The unit moves at a speed of about one mile per hour; slower than the average person walks. An audible soft tone and a pair of Hashing blue lights announce its arrival and add to safe operation. The 350 lb., self-propelled vehicles are Lear Siegler. Inc. of Zeeland, Mich t a guided from one stop to another by a igan. manufacturer of the Mailmobiles, ;ew colorless chemical line sprayed on the say the carts have become increasingly the floor. This invisible path is compatible popular mostly in banks and insurance are with all floor surfaces and, unlike buried companies. Some 250 are in use through rs. wire guidance systems, can be easily out the country, including nearly 60 in les' removed and re-routed. The carts go New York City alone. ire- around corners and can turn completely Each Mailmobile costs betw een S12.500 I in around if necessary. and SI3,500. However, one satisfied cus een Standing four feet three inches high, tomer who has purchased three reports ex- two feet wide and five feet long, the that mail delivery was stepped up from as Mailmobile's clean, functional lines four times a day to every half hour, ep- blend well with most office decor. Mail and S150.000 was saved in the first year_ est can be sorted directly into delivery com ' *k- Maitmobile has numerous compartments for mail sort of operation. That's really `First Class" partments. eliminating the need for ing and delivery. Space on fop ia used for bulky items. delivery! Hot air leveling improves PC board solderability quality control problem in printed circuit (PC) board production is maintaining the solderability of such boards while they are being stored prior to assembly. Simply stated, unless prop erly protected, circuit surfaces deterio rate due to a form of corrosion called oxidation. Such surfaces cannot be effec tively solder joined. One means of preserving solderability is through the use of an organic protec tive coating or surface treatment. A more commonly used method is to electroplate a 200 to 300 micro-inch coating of 60/40 tin lead solder on the circuit sur faces. Often a pressurized liquid is then sprayed on the board to level the solder, remove any excess and clear the platedthrough holes. \ow a system called hot air leveling combines solder coating and leveling functions into one operational cycle to achieve the desired PC board protection. Originally developed by Sandia Labora tories, Albuquerque, N.M.. the process reportedly offers these advantages: The hot air method applies solder coatings of high quality and uniformity. The short cycle time involved re duces electrical energy usage up to 50 .percent of that required by other level ing methods. Overall process time is reduced by up to 70 percent. There is no fire hazard. The hot air leveler has few installa tion requirements. 10 A large printed wiring panel descends Into an automated machine tor solder coating and hot air leveling. Typical results as obtained on a double-sided PC board with 0.015`in. wide lines alter solder coating and hot air leveling. Thermal degradation to the PC boards is reduced since the solder coat ing and leveling takes place almost si multaneously. The hot air process can be used on single-sided, double-side and multilayer PC boards. The fixtured board is fluxed and then lowered into a pot of molten solder. After a given dwell time, depend ing on the type of board involved, elec trically heated compressed air knives are actuated and the board is withdrawn between them. Hot air flowing from the knives at about 50 psi sweeps off excess solder, levels the board, clears the holes and leaves a bright layer of solder to a specified thickness. The excess solder drops back into the pot. Any solder alloy composition can be used in the pot, although 63/37 to 60/40 tin lead ratios are the most common. The coating deposited on the board is uniform in composition over the entire surface and possesses the same composi tion as the allov in the pot. Bv combining the solder coating and leveling functions the hot air system eliminates the need for prior tin lead electroplating. Circuitry on the boards may be bare copper, with or without solder resist, tin or tin lead plating. The results reportedly meet all appropriate militarv specs. Some of the firms known to manufac ture hot air leveling systems are Electrovert, Mount Vernon. NW.. Hollis Engineering, Nashua. N.H.. and Gvrex, Inc., Santa Barbara. CA. 2ND U.S. SOLDER FORUM SCHEDULED The nigh degree of interest generated by the 1st U.S. Solder Forum held in Chicago last year has prompted the scheduling of a second Forum on November 13 and 14,1978 at the Twin Bridges Marriott Hotel in Washington, D.C. Designed to communicate facts and fundamentals about soldering, the program will feature addresses by recognized experts in solder application and tech nology. The forum is sponsored by the Solder Manufacturers Committee of the Lead Industries Association, Inc. and is being supported by The Tin Research Institute, Inc. LIA268A6 Record use of lead at Plaza, a huge five-acre elevated platform that surrounds the Center's building -complex. Lead's corrosion resistance, World Trade Center freedom from maintenance and the fact that it provides for a trouble-free water proofing membrane are the primary rea sons whv it was selected. There have Ncv. York City's spectacular World Trade Center is such an impressive been no reports of water leakage since completion of the Center in 1974. building achievement that nianv records Lead was used on the Plaza level of were set during the course of its con the Center to line 26 huge landscaping struction. Not the least of these is that planters and as flashing around the base approximately 700.000 lbs. of lead w ater of buildings facing the Plaza's center proofing was installed in areas around court. In addition, about 77,000 lbs. of the huge center. lead walerproufs the center court's huge This enormous use of lead includes water fountain. w hat is believed to be two record-setting Lead also was used to line 30 planters applications: The most lead used to line land scaping planters . . . about 500.000 lbs. The most lead used to flash the base of buildings . . . about 72,000 lbs. All of the lead w as used primarily for moisture protection, most of it being installed in the World Trade Center on the street level and to w aterproof ex terior stairways leading from the street level to the Plaza and from the Plaza to the Center s Concourse level. About 51.000 lbs. of lead was used for the latter application. Lead's watertight integrity is impor tant to the Center. Since the Plaza area serves as a roof for the Concourse level w ith its restaurants, shops and other fa cilities. water leakage would he disas trous. Part of the Concourse, as well as subway facilities are also located be neath the street so waterproofing was required at this level too. The lead was installed by John F. Abernethy A Co.. Brooklyn. NW. and Allied Lead, Inc., Chicago. Both 6 psf 13/32-in. thick) and 8 psf itiS-in. thick I lead was used. The Center was designed bv Minoru I amasaki and As sociates of Trov, Mich., and Emery Both and Sons of New I ork City, and built by the Port Authority of New 5 ork and New Jersey. Lead waterproofs huge water fountain that dominates center court at plaza level. Sireel-level planters are lead-lined to prevent water leakage to Concourse and subway facilities below. Lead lines the many planting areas at plaza-level, to keep Concourse below dry and secure. LIA26647 11 Batteries store photovoltaic power for remote weather stations Weather forecasters across the nation have a new ally in their struggle to accurately predict the weather. That ally is five new automatic weather reporting stations operated by battery-stored, solar cell generated power. Located in remote and sometimes inaccessible areas, they make possible the earlier and more accu rate prediction of sudden tropical storms, winter snows, freezing rain and other severe weather conditions. The benefits of these early warnings to farm ers, ranchers, travelers, boaters, and motorists, among others, are impossible to calculate. The five new solar battery-powered stations are the first in a series of 38 automatic weather stations developed by the National Weather Service. They are used in a network of about 1000 manned and unmanned reporting stations, lo cated coast-to-coast, including Alaska and Hawaii. Designated RAMOS (Re mote Automatic Meteorological Observ A NASA-Lewis engineer inspects a solar array alter six months of flawless operation. These solar cell electrical power generation systems are de signed to operate uninterrupted tor up to ten years. Batteries store power tor operation in cloudy weather and at night. ing System), each station reports tem perature. dewpoint, wind speed and "^iffBction. barometric pressure, and pre cipitation readings hourly to forecast offices via radio, satellite or telephone. The solar power systems were designed and installed by NASA's Lewis Research Center in cooperation with the National Weather Service and the Department of Energy (DOE). Lnlike other more conventional elec trical power generation systems, solar cell powered units require no fuel or periodic maintenance, and are designed to operate uninterrupted for years. With no moving parts, solar cells are a simple and reliable means for provid ing the electrical power needed to keep the RAMOS' batteries fully charged. The number of batteries and appropriate silicon solar cell array in each unit de pends on load profile and solar radiation data for each site. In locations of high, consistently available solar radiation such as in New Mexico, Hawaii and Florida, a relatively small (74 peak watts) solar array was used, backed by an 80 ampere-hour lead calcium alloy, gel/cell battery. At the site with the least solar radiation, Alaska, the largest (14g peak watts) solar array was required, and 1095 ampere-hours of battery capac ity was provided. Complete photovoltaic systems cur rently cost about S20-830 per peak watt, and are not cost competitive with exist ing installed utility power. However, for remote installations where extension ot utility power is not feasible or where the delivered cost of fuel is high, solar cell power is often the most economical alter native. The five solar/battery powered RA MOS systems are located at Clines Cor ners, New Mexico; Loggerhead Key, Florida; South Point. Hawaii; Point Retreat. Alaska; and Stratford Shoals. New York. Two of these installations are offshore and three are land-based. Historic, lOO-year-oid Stratlord Shoals lighthouse on Long island Sound is the site tor the nation's first solar pottered RAMOS weather station. Lead batteries store power from the solar cell array shown at right. Proposed lead-lined container designed to safeguard nuclear waste transportation Lead has been specified for a key role in radiation shielding for a proposed Lead was selected for the gamma shield material in the shell of the cask railway shipping container for nuclear for the following reasons: waste. Developed for use in the event Lead is generally the least expensive that the Government decides to reprocess gamma shield material. high level liquid waste from commer The temperature during operation cial light water reactors (LWR), the was well below the melting point of lead. container could transport spent LWR Thermal analysis showed no signif fuel from the reprocessing plant to a icant melting and resultant loss of shield Federal radioactive waste repository. ing during exposure to a 1/2`fiur fire a* The decision to reprocess spent nuc lear fuel apparently hinges on the reso 800C. The strength of the shielding mate lution of international safeguards issues associated with plutonium extraction and recycling. If the go-ahead is given, one problem would be devising a safe meth od of shipping this dangerously radio LEAD GAMMA RADIATION SHIELD active material. Battelle Pacific North west Laboratories, which has been re searching the problem for the Depart ment of Energy (DOE), has come up with a container that could be adopted to standard railroad freight cars to carry high-level waste in solidified form. rial was not critical to cask integrity. The cask tiedown and handling svs- tems are permanently mounted on the railcar. The tiedowns consist of four massive columns that support the cask during shipment. The trunnions on the cask body rest on the support columns. The cask is clamped in place on each end by a steel semi-circular retaining ring that is bolted to the top of the sup port columns. Energy-absorbing impact fins are welded to the steel rings. The design of a suitable container for radioactive materials was dependent on a variety of factors or design constraints. These included Federal regulations, the characteristics of the material to be transported, limitations of the transport mode and operating considerations. The cask has a capacity of nine canis ters of solidified nuclear waste. The maximum heat removal capability of the cask is 50 kw. Heat is removed by nat ural convection from the cooling fins on the cask body. The loaded cask weighs about 110 metric tons and is shipped on a conventional 6-axle depressed-center flat car that has been modified by the installation of the cask tiedown system. Cutaway ot cask for shipping nuclear waste shows lead-lined area which is sandwiched between the stainless steel walls. The body of the cask is a series of concentric shells. The inner wall, con structed of ';/']-in. thick stainless steel, is surrounded by a lead gamma radiation shield approximately 8-in. thick. The gamma shield is contained by a 2-in. thick stainless steel structural wall. A Lin. thick neutron shield surrounds the other structural wall. The body is com pleted by a Vi-in. thick stainless steel outer wall and a series of radial cooling fins 14-in. thick and 4-in. thick. Modified railroad flat car has permanent tiedown system to hold lead-lined container for shipping nuclear waste. 13 Innovative electric trams revitalize St. Louis community Passengers board one ol the lead battery-powered trams that operate in St. Louis' Central West End. Lead battery-powered trams are being used to transport visitors on a 20-minute narrated tour of St. Louis' Missouri Botanical Garden. A battery-powered shuttle service op erating in the Central West End of tram anywhere along the route. Merchants in the area are highly St. Louis. Missouri has proven to be a pleased with the shuttle system. Accord boon to residents, business people and ing to an informal poll taken last year, merchants alike. The shuttle service, businesses along the tram route reported consisting of six electric trams and four an increase in business ranging up to trailers, transports people to and from 45 percent. In fact, some merchants in restaurants and shops on weekdays from dicated that as much as half of the noon 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. over a route of about day business ride the trams. three miles. Since its inauguration in 1976 the system has carried over 70,000 Ms. Joni Underwood, executive Direc passengers. tor of FTM, says that a number of Called "Electric Fireflies", each tram factors have contributed to the system's and its attached trailer carries 16 pas success. "Our vehicles", says Under sengers plus an attendant and driver. wood, "serve the neighborhood and its Trams have been adapted for all-weather daily transportation needs in a very service with permanent enclosures and personalized way. The trams reduce traf heating systems. fic congestion; do not pollute the air The tram service is operated by Fu with exhausts or noise, and they are ture Transportation Models of St. Louis, small enough not to dominate the streets. Inc. (FTM), a non-profit organization. Overall, they are probably the best bar FTM does not charge a fare. Merchants gain available in transportation today." along the route help offset the cost of Each electric tram is a tandem axle operations with small monthly contribu unit driven by two powerful electric tions. In return, the merchants receive motors powered by a 72-volt lead battery boarding passes which are made avail system. The 12 batteries in each unit are able to their customers free of charge. 6-volt, 190 amp. hr., and each tram is Riders can pick up these free passes at equipped with a built in battery-charger. any participating shop and board the Trams and trailers are manufactured by 14 Pargo. Inc.. Charlotte, AC, and were purchased through Centron Systems, Inc., a St. Louis firm which sells electric vehicles and specializes in adapting them for particular applications. Reports indicate that day-to-day per formance by the trams in regular traffic situations has been extremely good with trams traveling 20 to 30 miles between charges. Maintenance costs have been low, with more dollars being expended for system development as opposed to regular maintenance. In 19 months they have a perfect safety record while oper ating every weekday in regular traffic including two of the worst winters ever recorded in St. Louis. Meanwhile, the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis introduced electric trams this past May to transport visitors on a 20-minute narrated tour of the Garden for $.50. The trams are equipped with 14-passenger trailers which will be enclosed and heated during winter months. They are powered by a 72-volt battery system and driven by two, 2horsepower GE series wound DC traction motors. UU2be5C The Lead Industries Association is a non-profit trade association representing the lead industry in the United States and Canada. Its membership includes representative firms from all segments of industry and all parts of the world. The Association neither produces nor sells lead, but collects and distributes information relative to the uses of the metal. The services, publications and films of the Lead Industries Association are available without charge to anyone interested in the use of lead and lead products. f LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES Allied Lead, Inc. Alpha Metals, Inc. Amax Lead &Zinc, Inc. Ames Metal Products Co. ASARCO Incorporated 'Australian Min. & Smelt. Ltd. The G.A. Avril Company Lead Products Division Baltimore Lead Burning Corp. Bow Solder Products, Inc. Brass & Bronze Ingot Institute The Broken Hill Associated Smelters Pty, Ltd. The Bunker Hill Company C & D Batteries Division Eltra Corporation 'Canada Metal Co. Ltd. M.C. Canfield Sons Chloride Inc. Cominco American Inc. Cominco Ltd. Daelco Inc. Day Mines, Inc. Delco-Remy Division General Motors Corp. Division Lead Company Dixie Metals Company Dresser Minerals Div. Dresser Industries, Inc. M.W. Dunton Company E.l. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Chemicals & Fibers Division Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. East Penn Manufacturing Co., Inc. ESB Ray-O-Vac Management Corp. Ethyl Corporation Federal Alloys Corporation Federated Metals Corporation Aaron Ferer & Sons Company Gardiner Metal Company General Battery Corporation Globe-Union Inc. Gould Inc. Hammond Lead Products, Inc. Homestake Lead Co. of Missouri Houston Chemical Company Houston Lead Company Indium Corporation of America Industrial Minera Mexico, S.A. Industrial Smelting Company Inland Metals Refining Co. Interstate Lead Company Johnson Manufacturing Company KW Battery Division Westinghouse Electric Corp. Kester Solder Company Lukens Metal Company Mincon Corp. Minerals Redaction Corp. Nalco Chemical Company National Smelting & Refining Co. NL Industries, Inc. Noranda Sales Corporation Ltd. Oatey Company Oxide & Chemical Corporation Ozark Lead Company 'Penarroya 'Phelps Dodge Corporation Pittsburgh Graphic Products Corp. Powerlab Inc. Precise Alloys, Inc. Price Metals, Inc. Quenell Enterprises, Inc. Refined Metals Corporation Republic Metals Co., Inc. RSR Corporation St. Joe Minerals Corp. Schuylkill Metals Corp. Sub: Arrow Electronics, Inc. Seitzinger's Inc. Tonolli Canada Ltd. U.S.S. Lead Refinery, Inc. The Victory White Metal Company Hyman Viener & Sons Vulcan Lead Products Company Willard Lead Products Ccvnpany * Associate member FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS AND DELETION PLEASE ATTACH OLD LABEL. (pleese check one) v ATTACH MAILING LABEL HERE _______ A_________ ^ To___________ Name, Title Company City, state, zip coda Street Q ADD ME TO YOUR MAILING LIST ' "INTEREST Painting Health & Safety Architectural & Building Design & Radiation Engineers Ceramics Chemical Engrs. O Battery Power 7" Miscellaneous (please specify) *| 5 ! i ii \ ARCHITECTURAL Lead Roofing and Flashing Detailed instructions on the simplest and most usual methods for forming or join ing lead for roofing and flashing appli cations. Complete specifications- Dia grammatic drawings. Sixteen pages- VS Lead in Building A four-part data sheet containing informa tion on waterproofing, sound barriers, roofing and flashing and anti-vibration ap plication. A-13 CERAMICS Facts about Lead Glazes for Art Potters and Hobbyists Detailed information on the proper formu lation. firing techniQues. handling, etc. of tead fluxed glazes used by art potters and hobby ceramists Illustrated. S xteen pages. B-ll Proceedings of First international Conference on Ceramic Foodware Safety To d international experts in ceramics. Food and Drug agency officials, and the international lead research community met m Geneva in November. 1974 to dis cuss heavy metal release from glazed ceramic foodware. Full proceedings-- speeches as well as Question and answer dialog--were taped, translated and tran scribed. 272 pages. B-13 PAINTS Lead Pigments Bulletin Brochure. 12-pages, describes the advan tages and varieties of lead pigments m anti-corrosion paints. Covers red lead, dibasic lead phopshtte. basic silicate white lead, basic lead phosphosilicate. basic lead chromosilicate. basic lead siiico chromate. Lists major suppliers. F-7 CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION & CORROSION PROTECTION Lead for Corrosion * Resistant Applications Soft cover book. 156-pages, designed to familiarize engineers and engineering students with the corrosion resistance, design and fabrication data on lead and lead-based equipment. Defines plumbum H-6senes and corrosion resistance of series. Lead Chemicals Soft cover book. 334-pages, is designed as a working manual for the chemist or chemical engineer engaged in applied technology or pure research. Covers organolead compounds, oxides and hydrox ides, sulfides and tellurides. halides bmary compounds, lead salts, lead chel ates. safety in handling compounds Pur chasing price: S3.00- H-7 SOLDERING AND WELDING Solders and Soldering New 16-page booklet filled with basic in formation on soldering and the selection of the right solder alloy for the applica tion. Data <s presented on a variety of tin lead as well as other solder alloys Sev eral case history treatments of typical soldering applications are included- 1*6 Printed in U S A. L "Solder Puts It All Together for Manufacturer of Zippo Lighters" Two-page reprint from Production Maga zine details production soldering of light ers at 2>ppo Mfg Co. 1-7 Soldering of Electronic Products Booklet covers the use of tin lead soider as a highly reliable joining method m the electronics industry. It includes informa tion on the control of electronic assembly components for solderability. fluxes and flux residue removal, solder alloys and soldering methods. 1-8 SOUND BARRIERS Directory of Acoustic Specialties Summary of available materials for sound insulation by barrier, damping and ab sorption methods. Sixteen page list of materials by brand name and manufac turer. Eighteen pages. J-4 Lead a Major Factor in New Machinery Noise Suppression Systems Description of techniques used to lower machinery noise levels with tead and lead composites. Lists machines that normally exceed noise level allowed by WalshHealey Public Contracts Act Two pages. J-9 Lead Proves a Heavy Favorite as Sound Control Material A reprint of a feature from Product Engi neering illustrating lead's usefulness in sound attenuation to help meet OSHA noise requirements m factories and also on planes and trams J-17 Specifying Lead for Noise Control Eight-page reprint contains guidelines to help architects and engineers fully utilize the advantages of lead as a no>se control material. A number of case histones are included to show how some of these guidelines were used to solve a variety of commercial, industrial and residential noise problems. J-18 The Use of Absorber/Barrier Materials for Noise Control Enclosures Four-page reprint is concerned with noise abatement applications within the 10 to 15 OB range It describes an installation usmg a quilted absorber/barner enclo sure suitable for achieving these reduc tions. and presents the advantages of this material. Acoustical, economic, oper ational and maintenance aspects are con sidered J-19 Take a Fresh Look at Noiso Control Two-page reprint from Modern Stores & Offices explains the usefulness of sheet lead plenum barriers for office space noise control A case history illustrates the needs for an acoustical treatment ana cost savings realized J-ZO Modern Uses of Lead in the Construction Industry This 20-page booklet covers significant uses of lead in construction applications, it oeals chiefly with lead for plumbing, waterproofing, roofing end flashing, antivibration and sound barriers, j-21 BATTERIES A Primer on the Lead-Acid Battery A condensed story of the principles of the lead-acid battery and its chemistry, in eluding some of the fundamentals and definitions of direct-current electric en ergy. Two pages. L-6 Electrics Get Key Post Office Tests Reprint of a feature from Electrical World describing tests on the suitability and economy of electric battery-powered de livery trucks for the Postal Service L-18 Electric Work Vehicles A 12-page vfafder describing battery powered short-haul delivery vehicles and comparing jheir economic* to internal combustion delivery trucks. L-19 Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks Spark Energy and Cost Savings This 16 page booklet offer* an in-depth iook at the many factors favoring the pur chase of electrics for industrial applica tions A pull-out set of work sheets allows the reader to determine how electrics stack up against <C types m his own oper ation. L-22 Saving Battery Dollars--What You Need to Know Three-part reprint from Modern Materials Handling deals with proper procedure m picking the right battery for the truck and job. it also discusses considerations m battery charger selection. The third part offers guidelines for planning an efficient battery chargmg-room layout. L-23 Electric Vehicles: State-of-the-Art 1978 New 28-page booklet contains latest data on electric trucks, buses and passenger cars around the world. Case histones de scribe EV s in a variety of work applied tions Other sections cover energy crisis and pollution problems and their effect on EVs; and the role of lead batteries m EV development. L-24 GENERAL "Lead Abstracts" and "Yearly Indices" Quarterly abstract of ail current world literature on lead and its products and published research. A general index >s published annually Must be requested on company letterhead. M-2 Primary Lead Production Areas in the U.S. For schools, libraries. 11 "x 14" map show mg locations in U.S. of most lead smelters and refineries, and lead mines M-ll The U.S. Lead Industry An annua' review of activity within the industry that contains a general summary for the yejr and a senes of charts and tables giving current statistics on lead production and consumption. M-14 Lead--a Modem Design Material Summary of properties and available forms of lead for radiation control. Sound/vibration control, electrical energy sources, soldering and ceramics Eight pages. M-15 Ecology in the Now Lead Belt Reprint describes cooperation of industry and environmentalists m developing southern Missouri lead mines, four pages. M-23 Lead, "The Cinderella Metal" Booklet is reprint of talk given .. First National Conference on Marl Availability/Utilization. K c President. Noranda Sales Corp an2r,ck- dian lead producer, discusses supply pricing trends for the metal end sues its signficance and value bothr*' and in the future. M-31 Th ft0* Leaded Grades: Answer to Free-Machining Needs Reprint reports on benefits derived using leaded steels for free mach.r, Case h-stor.es are employed to demon strate that these grades can .new. partsmakers to raise production of ouai ty components with efficiency and erol omy M-32 *Cof|- Lead and Zinc Outlook 1976-1980 Booklet examines demand prospects ana production for lead and zinc over the next four years Current markets and growth applications are also discussed 16-pages. Occupational Lead Poisoning ... tt Needn't Be ... A Manual for Managers Contains information of use to the indy*, trial manager on the safe handling of lead and lead products m industry. Types and permissible levels of occupational lead exposure are discussed. Some prc ticai controls and safeguards are sug gested 16 pages, bibliography, M-34 Lead and Your Health Brochure contains advice on occupational protection against over exposure to lead. A checklist of good health practices is included M-3S Old Paints and Rural Lead Poisoning Booklet discusses the incidence of lead poisoning among children m small towns and rural areas, a problem usually asso ciateo with big cities. The need tor lead screening programs to detect and correct the problem is emphasized. M-36 Directory of Lead Casters Booklet lists 58 companies throughout the U S that produce lead products for industry. Data on each firm includes type of casting method products produced and auxiliary services offered. A contact name at each company is provided. M-37 FILMS Lead in Motion A 21 mm.. 16mm color film. Lead's prop erties and its potential for unlimited fu ture applications are explored from the viewpoint that an atom of lead--like all elemental matter--is an arrangement of energy--part of a universal system To order specify des.rea show date and one alternate date. No charge to borrow; viewer pays only return postage. N-2 Occupational Lead Poisoning ... It Needn't Be A 16mm. 15 min . sound color film, Nar rated by the environmental health experts of international calibre, the film intro duces the basic principles Of a health pro gram for the lead industry The intention is to motivate the cooperation of both management and employees in develop ing an effective health program for their particular operation To order, specify de sired show date and allow one alternate date Allow at least five weeks for de livery. No charge to borrow, viewer pays only return postage N-3 PLEASE SEND ME THE PUBLICATIONS MARKED BELOW WRITE IN CODE NO. NAME, TITLE COMPANY STREET -4-T0 REQUEST LITERA MAIL TO: LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSN. INC. 292 MADISON AV NEW YORK, N.Y. K CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE