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LEAD /u &j /c iy /^ szA<?/& 3LUME FOURTEEN NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1944 NUMBER SIX N 953 i., the lamt".lS . Jejhim tun , , Ccrman lanl-f, s/,irimg) nie y, an,I >>>' ^ I: p-.h'n- DAVTN ssvl'ts M ^ urn'0,'r inn New y * 17, N'Y' Lead Alloy Scale Models Used Id Training 11. S. Army Fliers INCE combativeness seems to be but also the details of our own as S a deeply inherent trait of man well as the enemy's machines. He kind, little boys have always gloriedneeds to be able to refresh his mem in toys representing the habiliments ory constantly by observing examples of warfare. Strangely enough lead of equipment which he may have to has for many years been associated destroy or protect. He can best be with such toys and literature abounds helped by models which can be with references to lead soldiers and viewed from any angle, small enough the boys, and also men, who played to be a part of the equipment of even with them. As a matter of fact, col an advanced base but which are ex lecting lead soldiers in the carefully- actly to scale, complete in detail and copied uniforms of actual historical rugged enough to stand considerable military organizations is a well- rough handling. organized hobby both in this coun Such models are now being used try and abroad. by the Army. They are made of a However, the lead soldier of his special lead alloy. Of very small tory and literature was only a toy or scale, 1 in. equals 9 ft., they repro at best an historical document. In duce with remarkable fidelity details the present war the modern lead as small as gasoline filler caps and counterpart of the lead soldier's can even rivet heads. The turrets are non and limber is one of the impor moveable and the wheels of armored tant training devices of a compara cars turn, but though small enough tively new branch of the Army Air to be held in the palm of the hand, Forces, the Training Aids Division. the lead alloy is sturdy enough to Miniature models of the many en- stand up under constant handling. The General Sherman M-4 tan!,. The scale of the lead models is such that uhen held in the hand they appea approximately as the real tank uould when in gunshot range The models shown on this page and on the cover were made by the Comet Manufacturing Co. of Long Island City, New York, whose peace time products were lead soldiers, toys and hobbyists' supplies. The makers believe that, when peace returns and the restrictions of security and the demands of the Army can be relaxed, the demand for models of this sort will preclude any problem of plant reconversion for them. Perhaps one day the G. I. Joe will take his place in the ranks of lead soldiers on the shelves of collectors. Whether he does or not. his beloved tanks and armored cars authenti cally documented in lead alloy, which have actually seen military service, will be collectors items eagerly sought by hobbvists and historians. Lead Alloy models ol a IOh mm. pun motor carriage M7. u il in. gun nmtm carnuge and a halt trad; personell carrier M3A-1. \ote the clear shutp details and the deep undercut- Lead Alloy models of tico of the latest Allied vehicles. The speedy V. M-18 tank destroyer, left, and the British "Churchill" Mk VII, right gines of warfare, both our own and our enemies', provide examples from which our military airmen can learn to recognize and differentiate be tween friend and foe. The lives of our own men or the fate of a battle may depend upon a gunner's split second decisions whether to shoot or not. Every man must be thoroughly familiar with not only the mass and silhouette 2-- -- LIA25 8 20 PHOTOS BY DAYTON S N > D L R Many Maritime I ses of Lead Prove Ships Are \ot Built of Steel Alone NE of America's most amazing Battery rooms and boxes are lined O achievements of the war has with sheet lead with lead welded been its huge shipbuilding and shsiepa ms to protect against possible ping program. Many lead products spillage of acid from the batteries. have contributed to this fine record. Lead is ideal for this purpose be Some, like red lead and white lead cause of its high resistance to attack paint, are familiar to almost every by sulfuric acid (lead equipment is one because they are readily visible, but a number of others are known only to those who build the ships because they are hidden away. widely used in the production of this acid) and because of its flexibility. Sheet lead linings are also used in the floors of ship refrigerator rooms. Lead lining o) pipe hangers and lead grommets in pierced structural mem bers protect against vibration and flexure Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuild ing Co., Mobile, Ala., is one of the large yards that has launched many a ship of several different types for the United States Maritime Commis sion during the war. Its new con struction facilities are now, however, devoted exclusively to the building of large tankers so vitally needed to carry on modern mechanized war fare across the seas. The ships produced at this yard, like many others, are primed with red lead paint to protect the steel from the severe corrosive conditions encountered at sea. Storage batteries of the lead-acid type are vital to ship operation pro C. S. MAtlTIME COMMISSION PHOTO One of the giant new T2-SE-AI tankers about to be launched viding sure power for radio and ships is as a lining for pipe line many other electrical requirements. hangers. Modern ships are mazes of These batteries have grids of anti- piping systems. These are subject to monial lead pasted with lead oxides damage by the constant flexing and as the active ingredient on the plates. vibration of the ship structure at sea. Lead Hue,! box lor yforape /Hitlerite. Mam of the val/lt-- used on shipboard iunc lead sheuths under the braided niie armour Each hanger is lined with sheet lead to form a lead bearing surface be tween pipe and hanger. The soft and flexible, yet durable, lead thus protects the pipe from damage and breakage at these points. Sinrilarlv where pipes pass through steel beams or other structural members, the openings in the beams are completely lined with sheet lead to protect thp Lead floor in refrigerator room of a tanker under construction pipes from mechanical injury. It is not possible to mention in a short space all the ways in which Here it is a moisture-proofing me lead is contributing to the shipbuild dium protecting the insulation and ing program, but those mentioned ship structure from condensation and will serve to give an idea of lead's other moisture found in refrigerator contribution. They serve to show rooms. that ships are not entirely of steel Another interesting use of sheet which must itself be coated with pro lead in the construction of these tective paint such as red lead. --3-- L I A25821 Chicago Housing Projects obstruction such as a rock or a tree root the lead pipe could easily have Serviced With Enduring Lead Water Pipe been bent around it and no fittings would have been necessan. There are no couplings to be made up. rm T'"HE cits of Chicago has for many throughout its life and is not easily elbows to cause friction or to leak. I \ear< required that all water broken by settling or other ground Four hundred units in this project ser\ ice lines of' 2-in. diameter and movements. are using over 26.000 lb. of 1-in. smaller be of lead. This requirement One of the incidental advantages lead pipe. Another permanent proj has been strictly maintained through of lead service pipe which was help ect now under construction in Chi out the war emergency period and ful in a Chicago project located at cago is using Do-in. and 2-in. lead as a result the many war housing 63rd and Laramie Streets was its service lines to multiple dwelling projects for thousands of workers adaptability to installation in long buildings to house 230 families. All which have been built within the single lengths. The illustration shows residents of these projects can depend jurisdiction of the Chicago Water two service pipes in a single wide upon receiving full volume water Department are not likely to be sub trench. Each line from the corpora supplies at full pressure for mam ject to the troublesome and expensive tion stop to the cut off valve, well years through the lead pipe which nuisance of water service repairs out of sight in the foreground, is a does not corrode and which has no and replacements. single piece including the gooseneck elbows or sharp bends to create Chicago long ago recognized that at the main. Even had there been an friction losses. lead is not only the pipe material most resistant to corrosion but also Courts Hold Jurisdiction of Plumbing Codethat lead pipe has thicker walls than other kinds of service pipe and that lead pipe is flexible and therefore easy to lav. It retains its flexibility Lung one piece lead unter seriices installed on Chicago permanent hous ing project Not Confined Within City Limits T!"HE right of a city to enforce its plumbing ordinances on building projects outside of the city limits but which are served by the city's water all building and sanitation ordi nances, this project, being outside the city limits, included certain de tails which violated the citv code. supply and sewer systems has been However compliance with the Port upheld by the courts of Texas. This Arthur code is required of all plumb decision is of great significance to ing installations connected to the architects, real estate operators and citv s water and sewer s\stems builders as well as to all agencies whether the piopertv on which the\ charged with the protection of the are located is within the cil\ limits public health. or not. The case involved was a 184- Plumbing Inspector C.. 0. Sims unit war housing project privately accordinglv denied permission to financed under a F.H.A. insured make connections to the citv water loan. Although F.H.A. construction and sewage svslem unless changes standards require compliance with were made which would brim: the Plumbing Inspector Simms, left, plumbing contractor Richardon, center, with jour ney m en plumbers looking over lead fit tings to be instulied in housing project outside of city limits in compliance with Port Arthur plumbing code --4 LIA25822 plumbing into compliance with the code. These changes included the installation of lead drum traps and certain lead connections in place of ether materials which were being used. The builders sought an injunction restraining the city from withholding water and sewer services which was denied first by the Circuit Court and acain by the Court of Civil Appeals. When taken to the State Supreme Court the case was refused considera tion `'for want of merit". As a result of the decisions of the courts the builders were obliged to remove materials not in compliance w ith the Port Arthur plumbing code and replace them with required ma terials. Subsequent projects have in stalled their plumbing in accordance with the code and have been permit ted to make connection with the city's utilities. Thus has been established the fact that a citv has the right to protect the sanitarv conditions of its water and sewer system by refusing to ac cept connections to plumbing instal lations which do not comply with the city's plumbing code. This decision can have far reach ing importance coming as it does when the whole country is expecting to experience a residential building boom as soon as men and materials are available. Many communities will grow faster than their official boundaries will be extended and only by means of properly written and en forced plumbing codes can the sani tation and the health of the entire community be protected. A service to the entire country has been done by Mr. Sims, Bill N. Taylor, Port Arthur's city manager, and the City Commission who backed him up. and City Attorney Jack Vovles who defended their position. Credit should also be given to the foresighted writers of Port Arthur's Code who provided the legal means for these men to use in preventing the use of substandard material. Federal Specifications for Lead Pipe, Bends and Traps Federal Specification WW-P-325 for Pipe, Bends and Traps; Lead (for) Plumbing and Water Distrib ution has been issued and became effective Nov. 15, 1944. This new document. Part 5 of Section IV of the Federal Standards Stock Catalog, follows closely the substance of the Commercial Stand ards of the Department of Com merce and the Standards of the Lead Industries Association for these products. In addition it de scribes methods of inspection and testing as well as packaging and marking requirements for general application and for individual gov ernment departments. Also includ ed are general notes on commercial designations and specification prac tices and suggestions pertaining to the specification of special sizes, types or weights. This document is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash ington 25, D. C., price 5 cents. The Lead Industries Association will supply individual copies free of charge upon request. Pore White Lead Paint Stencil Decoration a design in dull red and green super imposed on a buff background pro Practical Wall Treatment for Public Rooms vides a most interesting wail treat ment and helps to furnish what might NE of the most versatile medi of wall treatment is found in the O ums of wall decoration av ail ante-room to the school board meet able to the painter is the all ovinegr room in Springfield. Mass. Here otherwise seem a bare uninteresting room. This design was created and exe- stencil. The possibilities of this me dium are limited only by the ability and inventiveness of the workman and the application is not difficult ( although, like anv other worth while craft, it require- skill and careful workman-hip. Stenciled wall- exe cuted in pure white lead paint made with lead mixing oil or lead reducing oil have a pleasing sheen, not flat, not glossy, which presents a surface that is slow to gather dirt and can be repeatedlv cleaned by washing with mild soap and water solution. The all over stencil is an espe- ciallv effective type of decoration for the walls of certain types of public and semi-public rooms where it is desirable to create a more interesting wall treatment than plain colors but where a perishable material like Wall paper would be difficult or expensive to keep clean and attractive. An excellent example of this tvpe LIA25823 li 'ItI I I cuted by Mr. G. Marceaux, foreman in charge of painting crews doing the maintenance work on the city owned buildings of the City of Springfield. The design shows evidence of a knowledge of authentic precedent and a thoughtful application of early American furniture motifs to wall decoration. Mr. Marceaux also exe cuted the marbelizing of the door trim, cornice and base in the room. The board room itself is also a verv interesting room with murals representing the landscape around Springfield at the time of the first settlements. The rather elaborate woodwork of this room was made by the students of the Springfield trade school. It is painted dazzling white with pure white lead paint, which has been found by the maintenance department of the city to be economi cal in first cost as well as durable and easy to keep clean and shining. Board room. Springfield. Mass., school department. Washibility of the pure white lead paint is an important factor in maintaining spotless white u oodu orl, Lead Joists io Cast Iron Water Mains Successfully Calked With Air Hammer HE lead calked joint as a means shown by the ancient examples occa Tof joining cast iron pipe sections sionally dug up when changes in has. along with a few other construcp ipelines become necessary. tion practices, remained a com However the progressive water pletely satisfactory method over a works engineer is always on the look long period of time. Procedure of out for means to expedite installa making such joints has changed little tions and reduce construction costs if anv in more than a century as is and for this purpose the use of pneu matic calking hammers has often been suggested. The idea has usually been rejected on the theory that mechanical calking would he difficult to control and so would result in overcalking and breakage. That such fears are exaggerated has been shown by the experience of the Bureau of Water of the City of Allentown, Pa., where, since 1935, all new water mains have been joined xvith poured lead joints calked with pneumatic hammers. In the period since 1935 until the present date thirty miles of watermains have been laid in 4, 6, 8 and 12-in. sizes with no breakages of hub or spigot due to overcalking. In addition, out of the 15,000 joints in these lines, only Calking a 4-in. water main with an ordinary air hammer using special calking fools 18 have required additional calking because of leakage. Branch liqes to several housing projects in the vicinity of Allentown in sizes down to 3-in. and 2-in. have also been calked with the air ham mer xvithout injury. Mr. Walter Horn, construction engineer of the Allentown Bureau of Water, states. "In a recent city wide leak survey no joint leaks or cracked pipes were dis covered on mains laid since 1935. The water works now owned b\ the city of Allentown was established in 1829 and it has grown and devel oped along with the city which it serves. It now has 175 miles of cast iron water mains all calked with lead. Some of the original century old lead calked mains are still in use. All house services are of lead pipe and many of them, still active, are also very old. But the long record of service of the old hand calked lead joints has not caused the Allentown xvater xvorks engineering staff to ignore the savings and other advantages avail able through the adoption of mechan ical performance of the tedious and painstaking labor of calking. Ma'nv other water departments will, no doubt, wish to enjoy the advantages of the speed and efficiency provided by the pneumatic calking hammer. -- ft -- LI *25 " YTOV eVYDER No. 28 Three Centimes in Danvers, Massachusetts The Judge Samuel Hollon house, built in 1670. now ou-ned by the Isreal Put nam Chapter. D..4.R. Pure white lead paint ties main house and later ad ditions into one harmonious mass The Col. Jerumiuh Page house, built about 1754, is still kept trim and white enough with pure white lead paint for teo parties on the roof if they should be necessary Tin Jo'c Tuple) linn w, built about 1830. xhous little evidence of huiing been begun as a shoe factory. Pure white lead paint nelps ,.,e attractive entrances to impart a homelike atmos phere ERE are three houses each re H calling stirring times in their town of Danvers, Mass. First Judge Samuel Holton house, built in 1670 was standing when Salem Vil lage, which was located within the present limits of Danvers, was the center of the witchcraft prosecutions of 1692. The Col. Jeramiah Page house was the scene of the charming story of how Madam Page discharged her social obligations without violating a pledge not to serve tea under her roof by having a tea party on top of the house. The Jesse Tapley house, built about 1830. marks the early days of manufacturing in Danvers. Origi nally planned as a shoe factory it was completed as a residence for its owner and his bride. Witchcraft has long since ceased to plague Salem Village, no unjust tax on tea now encourages bizarre stunts in the name of patriotism, but the hard New England thrift that made Danvers a prosperous manufac turing center still decrees that these houses shall have the sure but eco nomical protection that is provided by pure white lead paint. Their present owners find that this same dependable paint which has withstood all kinds of weather for many years on hundreds of early American houses is still the top quality paint for protection and beauty. the I ;! I I THIS IS NO. 28 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OH, PAINT. MANY OF Til EM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. ' -- 7-- LtA^ 5 8 25 WAR BONDS Are Still Your Responsibility SUBSCRIBE TO THE 6th WAR LOAN Georgia Doctor Makes Ingenious Use of Lead in Treating Convalescent Fracture EAD weights turn up in all sorts of L surprising locations from piano ke\s to airplane control surfaces but the use of a lead weight to help over come the effects of a broken bone is an unusual application. Herman Parramore. Jr., of Val dosta, Ga.. unfortunately broke his arm at the elbow recently and. as so often happens, inactivitv of the mus cles during knitting of the bone caused the boy difficulty in straight ening his arm after it had healed. In order to hasten full use of this mem ber, his doctor fixed up a wristlet, as shown in the accompanying pho tograph. carrying a lead weight so that each time the arm was flexed the Herman Parramore ot \ uh/o'la. (>a.. Hearing a lead iceigh/vd inist/rt u> help straighten an injurvd r/h<>it Tn ffiwini *rtieln and rtorints contain information. dnwingj and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association. 420 Lexmgton Avenue. New York 17, N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 page booklet oo the protective value, durability and beauty of pure white lead paint with quantity ^(limiting table*, formula* and mixing and tinting rioMruction*1 for exterior and interior u*e. HtD LEAD FOR STRl CTI'RAL WORK By Dr. L. L. Carrick, Director, Red Leuii Research, Lead Industrie* Association 4 (Ji'CU'*eion of the rust inbibitive qualities of red Vad paint and the best mean* of making use of ih.'-r qualifies fur the protection of structural metal. Reprinted from Engineering .Vena Record. April 6. 1943. `LEAD CARRIES ITS WEIGHT By Fred P. Peter* An inierc'ting resume of many of tbe lung e*iabli-hed use. of lead plu* information on a number of recently developed adaptations of the properties _ <f lea,) to special purposes. Reprinted from 5oenfi;V American. June. 1944. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist. Forests Products Laboratory, Madison. Wi*. <r Reprinted from the .Vational Real Estate Journal, Sept.. 1939. 5TAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flaihiag, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red eedar fertigrade shingle detail* and installation method*. Reprinted from tbe American Builder, July. 1939. STOP DEMON RUST Leaflet giving eooeise, simple instruction* in the u*r of the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paini in nrntaetiBf farm machinery. TFEDFRAL SPECIFICATION WW-P-323 _ lor Pipe, Bend* and Traps LEAD. Part 5 of Section IV of the Federal Standard? .. Slock Catalog, official publication by the Govern- ~ ment Priming Office. * LEAD EQUIPMENT USED IN INDUSTRY By F. E. Wormier, Seeratary of Lead In dustrie* Association A summary of tbe ue* of lead in the production and handling of corrosive chemical*. Reprinted from "Metal Progre" to be included in the next edition of American Society of Metals Handbook. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief description of tbe use* of lead for roofing and flashing purpose* and tbe proper practice* of iu application. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Vorker. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS By W. Yonkman, Engineer, Western Elec tric Co. A description of a successful hot dip lead coating process with complete instruction* for changing over from hot dip galvanising using the same aquipment. Reprinted from Product Engineering, May, 1934. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead. C994*41 Lead Pipe, C995-41 Lead Traps and Benda, CS96-41 Official publication* by tbe Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standards a* promul gated by tbe U. 5. Department of Commerce through tbe National Bureau of Standard*, effective June 25. 1941. WHITE LEAD PAINT FOR DEFENSE HOUS1NC Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council in cludmp specification* and graphic mixing instruction* for exterior and interior White Lead Paiat. LEAD PLUMBING FOR DEFENSE HOUSING Reprint from Bulletin of tbe Producer*' Council in eluding information on tbe Emergency Plumbiog Standard* and the Defense Houaing Critical List. LEAD VRAY SHIELDING Graphic chart based on recommendation* of the International Cunmiis'iun on X-Rav and Radium Protection giving thickDe*>e* of lead for re*pcctive voltage* in millimetres, inches and pound* per square font. lead weight would give it a little impetus, thereby helping to stretch the muscle to its former usefulness. The same characteristic of great weight in small bulk that makes lead a desirable material for balancing airplane control surfaces was the reason for choosing lead to weight this special wristlet. At best such a device is uncomfortable to wear hut weighted with lead it is less bulky than if it were loaded with a less dense material. This is a clever adaptation of sim ple materials commonlv at hand to help Herman over that difficult period when the hone is healed hut the arm just is not quite (veil \ct and feels as if it would never he straightened out again. T.E*nCPON EECICE8T, THE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WELL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" BEGCLARLT, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF TOCB LEAD PROBLEMS '2' 155 LIa?5826 PR 1 S TED 1 N 1' A BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW' YORK CITY