Document k9kj07Z3xqvdXO96y8G1rKyGy

V Plaintiffs Exhibit S-UC-101 S5S OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER adjusted to maintain 10-15 in..llg suction. Sampling rate: 7.4 1/m for recommended minimum of 60 minutes. Longer period am pies up to full sltift arc preferable. Fitters should not be so heavily loaded that the sample is dislodged in transit. Blanks: With each batch of samples collected, two additional filters should be subjected to exactly the same handling except that no air is drawn through them. These should be used as blanks. Shipping: The cassettes in which samples are collected should be shipped in a suitable container, designeJ to prevent damage in transit. Imminent Danger Situations: Generally not applicable. C. Serious Hazard: An 8-hour time-weighted average above 3 mg/m3 for identified worker. 3 x TLV. Nonserious Hazard: An 8-hour time-weighted average above 1 mg/m3 arid below 3 mg/m3 for an identified worker. De Minimis Violation: I ____ __ PLAINTIFF'S Not applicable. EXHIBIT RECOMMENDATIONS INCLUDED IN THE NIOSH CRITERIA DOCUMENT: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARD FOR ASBESTOS The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that worker exposure to asbestos dust in the workplace be controlled by requiring compliance with the following sections. Control of worker exposure to the limits stated will prevent asbestosis and more adequately guard against asbestos-induced neo plasms. Thc standard is amenable to techniques that are valid, reproducible, and available to industry and govern mental agencies. It will be subject to review and will be revised as necessary. Section 1 -- Environmental (work place air) (a) Concentration Occupational exposure to airborne asbestos dust shall be controlled so that no worker shall be exposed to more than 2.0 asbestos fibers per cubic centimeter (cc) of air based on a count of fibers greater than 5 micrometers (>5 micrograms) in length ((determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification (4 millimeter objective) phase contrast illumination, as described in Appendix 1)), determined as a time-weighted average (TWA) exposure for an 8-hour work day, and no peak concentration of asbestos to which workers are exposed shall exceed 10.0 fibers/cc >5 micrograms as determined by a minimum sampling time of fifteen minutes. (b) Sampling Procedures for sampling, calibration of equipment, and analysis of asbestos samples shall be as provided in Appendix 1. (c) It is recommended that this Section I become effective two years after promulgation as a standard, and that until the date of publication, the existing environ mental workroom emergency standard (29 CFR 1910.93a) shall be in effect. This period is believed necessary to permit installation of necessary engineering controls. Section 2 -- Medical Medical surveillance is required, except where a vari ance : ront the medical requirements of this proposed standard have been granted, for all workers who are exposed to asbestos as part of their work environment. For purposes of this requirement the term "exposed to asbestos" will be interpreted as referring to time-weigiued average exposures above 1 fiber/cc or peak exposures above 5 fibers/cc. The major objective of such surveillance will be to ensure proper medical management of individu als who show evidence of reaction to past dust exposures, either due to excessive exposures or unusual suscepti bility. Medical management may range from recommenda tions as to job placement, improved work practices cessation of smoking, to specific therapy for asbestos-re lated disease or its complications. Medical surveillance cannot be a guide to adequacy of current controls when environmental data and medical examinations only cover recent work experience because of the prolonged latent period required for the development of asbestosis and neoplasms. Required components of a medical surveillance program include periodic measurements of pulmonary function (forced vital capacity (FVC)), and forced expiratory vol ume for one second (FEV,), and periodic chest roent genograms (postero-anterior 14 x 17 inches). Additional medical requirement components include a history to describe smoking habits and details on past exposures to asbestos and other dusts and to determine presence or absence of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal symptoms, and a physical examination, with special atten tion to pulmonary rales, clubbing of fingers, and other signs related to cardiopulmonary systems. Chest roentgenograms and pulmonary function tests will be performed at the employer's expense, at least every 2 years on all; employees exposed to asbestos. These tests will be made annually to individuals, (1) who have a history of 10 or more years of employment involving exposure to asbestos or, (2) who show roentgenographic findings (such as small opacities, pleural plaques, pleural thickening, pleural calcification) which suggest or indicate pneumoconiosis or other reactions to asbestos, or (3) who have changes in pulmonary function which indicate re strictive or obstructive lung disease. ^*TM***J"p" Occopationol Safety & Health Reporter | b EXHIBIT 43871.00 CURRENT REPORT IVpl.icemcni and medical examinations on the termina tion of employment of asbestos-exposed workers are also requited. Section J I.i/I>iiing (a) A warning label for asbestos as shown in Figure I shall be used. (b) Numerical designations indicate the following: 259 (i) 4 = Health Hazard (color code. blue). Inhalation may cause ashestosis, pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, or lung cancer. (ii) 0 = Fire Hazard (color code. red;. Asbestos ;n non flammable and has negligible vapor ptessure. vol.iijiav. Hash point, and explosive limits. (c) The details of the numerical hazard rating system arc found in Appendix 11. N (Asbestosis, Lung Cancer) DO NOT BREATHE DUST Use only with adequate ventilation and approved respiratory protective devices. Section 4 -- Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing This section shall apply whenever a variance from the standard set in Section i is granted under provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.* Use of respira tors can be decided on the basis of time-weighted average Variance procedures for respirator protection will not be required for emergency and occasional short-term exposure in excess of the standard. The use of respirator equipment will be required, however, under these conditions. or peak concentration. When the limits of exposure to asbestos dust prescribed in paragraph (a) of Section 1 cannot be met by limiting the concentration of asbestos dust in the work environment, an employer must utilize as provided in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section a program of respiratory protection and furnishing of pro tective clothing to effect the required protection of every worker exposed. (a) Respiratory Protection Copyright 1972 by The Bureau of Notional Affoirs, Inc. ooD OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY a HEALTH REPORTER (i) i-'oi iho |mii;kim.' ; determining the class ul respiratoi to iv tiNOi.!. ilk' employer shall measure the atmos pheric coik'onu.iiion oi airborne asbestos in (he work place when the imiiat application for variance is maile anil liiereat'lei whenever pioeess, worksite, climate or control changes occur which arc likely to affect lhe asbestos concentration. The employer shall test for respirator fit ami/or make asbestos measurements within the respiratory inlet covering to insure that no worker is being exposed to asbestos in excess of the standard either because of improper respirator selection or fit. (ii) As noted above, tire use of respirators and protec tive clothing can be decided on the basis of either time-weighted average or peak concentrations. For deter mining usage or compliance, the peak concentration of 10 fibcrs/cc is preferable. (.ii;> For an atmosphere containing not more than 10 fibcrs/cc greater than 5 micrograms in length over an 6-hour average or more than 50 fibcrs/cc over any 15 minute period, a reusable or single use filter-type air-puri fying respirator, operating with a negative pressure during tire inhalation phase of breathing, approved under the provisions of 30 CFR 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B) or valveiess respirators providing equivalent protection shail be used. (iv) For an atmosphere containing not more than 100 fibcrs/cc^ greater titan 5 micrograms in length over an 6-hour average or more than 500 fibcrs/cc over any 15 minute period, a powered air-purifying positive-pressure respirator approved under the provisions of 30 CFR 14 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 21B) shall be used. - (v) For an atmosphere containing more than 100 fibcrs/cc greater than 5 rr.icromillimeters in length over an 6-hour average or over 500 fibers/cc for any period in excess of 15 minutes, a type C positive-pressure supplied air respirator approved under the provisions of 30 CFR 12 (Bureau of Mines Schedule 19B) shall be used. (vi) The employer snail establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American National Standard for Respiratory Protection Z88.2 -- 1969. (b) Protective Clothing (i) The employer shall provide each employee subject to exposure in a variance area with coveralls or similar full body protective clothing and hat, which shall be worn during the working hours in areas where there is exposure to asbestos trust. (ii) The employer shail provide for maintenance and laundering of the soiled protective clothing, which shall be stored, transported and disposed of in scaled non-reusable containers marked "Asbestos-Contaminated Cloth ing" in easy-to-read letters. (ill) Protective clothing shall be vacuumed before re moval. Clothes shall not be cleaned by blowing dust from the clothing or shaking. (iv) If laundering is to be done by a private contractor the employer shall inform the contractor of the poten tially harmful effects of exposure to asbestos dust and of sate practices required in the laundering of the asbestossoilcJ work clothes. (v) Resin-impregnated paper or shinier ;>:i.,.v,.vc ci.-ik ing can be substituted for fabric type of cloik.i. a (vi) It is recommended that in highly co..!.,t.,;n..;.d operations (such as insulation and textile:.) nonno made for separate change rooms. Section 5 -- Apprisal of Employees of Asbestos Each employee exposed to asbestos shail be upra ised cf all hazards, relevant symptoms, and proper conditions ur.d precautions concerning use or exposure. Each exposed worker shall be informed of the information which is applicable to a specific product or material containing 5'A or more asbestos (see Appendix III for details of informa tion required). The information shall be kept on file and readily accessible to the worker at all places of employ ment where asbestos materials are manufactured or used in unit processes and operations. It is recommended, but not required, that this information be provided for as bestos processes and operations where the asbestos con tent is less than 5%. Information as specified in Appendix ill shall be recorded on U.S. Department of Labor Form OSHA-20. "Material Safety Data Sheet", (see page X-3 and X-4), or a similar form approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Section 6 - Work Practices (a) Asbestos cement, mortar, coatings, grout, and plas ter shall be mixed in closed bags or other containers. (b) Asbestos waste and scrap shall be collected ar.d disposed of in seated bags or other containers. (c) All cleanup of asbestos dust shall be performed by vacuum cleaners or wet cleaning methods. No dry sweep ing shall be performed. Section 7 -- Monitoring and Recordkeeping Requirements Employers will be required** to maintain records of environmental exposure to asbestos based upon the fol lowing environmental sampling and recordkeeping sched ule. Personal exposure samples will be collected at least annually by specific maximum-risk work operations from a number of employees. The first sampling period will be completed within 180 days of the date of this standard. These selected samples will be collected and evaluated as both time-weighted and peak concentration values. The personal sampling regime shall be on a quarterly basis for maximum-risk work areas under the following conditions: (a) The environmental levels are in excess of the standard. (b) There are other conditions existing that necessitate the requesting of a variance from the Department of Labor. Records of the type of respiratory protection in use during the quarterly sampling schedule must also be maintained. Quarterly sampling, monitoring and record keeping will be required only until environmental levels comply with the standard. Except where a- variance for monitoring and recordkeeping has been granted. Occupational Safety & Health Reporter