Document k9jyoqykQYdLgGRa8w5qQk7GO
FILE NAME Talc TALC
DATE 1963 DOC TALC003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Talcosis References
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LIVIESTIVITAL
ULLVIATIONAL ULLVIATIONAL
JALLET
AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
sfuroesr incdenc vered dtuasltcDuring Talcosi
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the
NethrlandsTalcose reduction talcosiray ruber 27 is
examinto of findings Tolk
Septmber talehigher are of 12
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8 who 41
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case vor in has 10 19 of
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years pp
thought the or
sociale The author more
genskude roubfer daeutahlosr atsuome talcosi bheadn Ilus were 15 " exposed mweiat-h tthhaet disco- to rbeifbsl Asen
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INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
mining not and ent from
conis industry Results cause quartz types the ) and
of
pneumocis AetiopahlgyScanseti which
mine very From
of
a
496-506 low
industrial handling are in the ofsurvey
pneumocis Opticalwell talc talc talc
Medicna clincal caried known are talc
workes for point out
microspic of on
contamied miners their and view 357
decrasedray it talc in
workes with was
fibrogenic such
Marnza difractionprotion observdgrindersemployed action and
June mineralsanlysi more In to that talc for
its as the the
patolgicPetinati pure
tremolite spreadrsincreasshowed than
incdenc state
3
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distance talc that of the years
serpntie pneumo- will difer-
in
ruber the
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pp
G.
and
da
Ilus talco clincal
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bibl ldaevolro Rubino aospecfts
refs "
Milan G.F. talcosi Italy Aspeti
P.
1963
e
Vol L.
54 and clinci
No. dele
6-
IALCOSIS
ENPI 27-1964
CIS 1147-1964
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of and graphite i
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The
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incidenocf e
silicosis
silicosis
inthe mining talc
Incidenza della silicosi
:
SAFETY :
nell'estrazione di talco e grafite Gaido P.C. Capellaro F. Braguzzi E.
i
CENTRE Parigi A. and Rosettani E. Archivio per le scienze mediche Turin Italy
4e November 1963 Vol 116 No. 5 pp 227-233
34-1964 DGA
|
OCUPATIONL INFORMATION
INTER
A
ON
L
HEALTH
AND
Tale and graphite mining expose workers to the hazard of pneumoconiosis on account
of the impurities present in the minerals The authors examined examined 50 graphite miners and
260 tale miners in order to determine the incidence of silicosis They made the follow-fol ow-
ing observations * a development of pulmonary lesions is relatively slow b graphite
and tale dust do not seem to influence the course of silicosis in any special way the only
special finding was irritation of the bronchial mucosa in the case of talc
i
1812-1964
1812-1964 CIS 1812-1964
CIS
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Clinical radiological electrocardiographical and spirographical study of tale mine work-
ers Aspetti clinici radiologici elettrocardiografici e spirografici in lavoratori
dell'industria estrattiva del talco Coscia G.C. Perrelli G. Linari F. and
"
Martino P.
Archivio per le scienze mediche Turin Italy December 1963 Vol
116 No. 6 pp 329-335 23 bibl refs
Results of the examination of 60 workers with pneumoconiosis who had worked for
more than 20 years on the mining of tale In 56.7 of the cases the electrocardiographic exammation revealed various changes mainly signs of discrete right heart involvement without significant relationship with the length of exposure or the radiographic picture On the other hand the changes revealed by spirographic tests were directly related to the length of exposure and the radiological picture Bronchitis and emphysema were fre-
quently observed In conclusion the authors confirconmfirm the opinion often expressed by
other specialists that even short exposure will nearly always produce significant radio-
logical markings in the lungs
231-963 ENPI
44-1964
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SAFETY CENTRE
OCUPATIONL INFORMATIN
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The clinical radiological and pathological picture of talc workers
radiologici e fisiopatologici nei lavoratori del talco Meo G. Coscia G. Folia medica Naples Italy November 1963
pp 893-902 10 bibl refs
Quadri clinici Perrelli G. and Vol 46 No. 11
A study was carried out on the clinical radiological and functional course of the patho-
logical syndrome produced by talc dust and a mixture of tale and sclerogenic substances
asbestos silica 72 talc workers 25 talc grinders and 250 talc miners were examin-
ed The comparison of data collected from these 3 groups revealed that only a mixture of
7
talc and impurities asbestos silica can give rise to progressive fibrosis The most
are serious cases were found among miners who are exposed to large quantities of silica
CIS
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INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
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anong
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observed SD
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significant significant Mat=] Environmental York
observed observed
Jd
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Gewerbehygiene examinations talc miners and millers in New Gaido
exposure of solu- and Zaki, M. H.
Gaido linear M. , Messite, J,
"Archives of Vol the
Illus examinations effect Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 663-667. 9
linear Chicago, 1.
Taormina
many effect on 91 tale miners and millers in Scansetti
Gewerbehygiene years examinations to tale dust hy 1940
had
1963 " respiratory ) 1 5 or more
Gewerbehygiene years The
or Xjy 1963 dusting pulmonary A and 1965,
average age at death Xjy Xjy Scansetti Health dusting pulmonary of 38 t 84
fibrogenous from carcinoma of the Xjy Scansetti October
0
years
465-486 18 observed fibrogenous itself population.
pulmonary respiratory workers was 1
und after observed fibrogenous itself 79
Mpz the October Health respiratory in incidence
year age group rather Mpz in the October to Occupational
ap-
pp observed fibrogenous authors' findings in Mpz
periods neither
Thiswas at
Mpz October Occupational tale increase duration of
Gewerbepathologie observed a similar period where the talcatori ,
Gewerbepathologie , talcosis microscopic
Occupational neither was present
a
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oe
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Det
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319 Environmental
achieved significant
achieved 60.4
increase
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the alk
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death
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and carcinoma sig ws pp carcinoma BP
and
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population
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minersby No.
population
population
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miners carcinoma
pod puu lastt ion
population from Zpakoipulation
talc
population
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control
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82-1963
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Sulla National Changes Nyt
Internationales course large and pathological ENPI 8-1964 Illus inhalation were Klinik und
82-1963 CENTRE , examined Anatomie der ENPI 8-1964authors Ehrhardt, W,
Sectors examined large "Internationales Archiv ENPI
Gewerbehygienc" pneumoconiosis changes
,
Sectors The examined Sectors), 5 October ENPI 8-1964 pneumocnios pneumoconiosis 680-682 25th inhalation changes Illus,
o
Sectors given examined
82-1963 INFORMATION Western factory the due of a case of severe
pneumoconiosis 680-682 pulmonary these years' exposure
G^...thert Western refs pathologically The course of the disease was pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis pulmonary for
G^...thert pathologically examined. In addition X-ray and pneumoconiosis pp
many years
pulmonary examinations
HEALTH G^...thert account pathologically made lung dust particles. The authors talcand read pulmonary effect ot
AND G^...thert bibl account pathologically made to a large quantity of silicic acid talc 10 1962 markings
INTERAIONL Berlin
going into solu-
yet Proportional
Proportional Sp Mortality Kooyman
Proportional
Mortality
years peared
Proportional
Mortality years were times
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radiologiradiolgcical arladiroaldogiioclaolgicevoalutioln
Evoluzione radiological radiologica
radiologica Evoluzione
Scansetti G.
Scansetti Scanseti G.
November
November soem
1963
PSO
aPe a e pae t r25th
Italian October Paper
Paper at
25th
October
submitted safttaerrtsitarntigng work pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis
subjects oe. afSBs go was
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54 No.
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National National
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of National
talc group talc
miners
clinical
subsequently subsequently
subsequently increased progressively
foilncrleaosedw progresively
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radiological radiological
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examinateixonamineaxamtiniatioonn
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industry on tale Radiological and pneumoconiosi nell'industria nell'industria talco
del and SAFETY logici del , pp. CENTRE
clinici pneumoconiosi pneumoconiosi nell'industria nell'industria estrattiva lavoro
Coscia G.C. Francia A.
Pettinati Pettinati Milan Italy
Taormina Paper read OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION January January Vol No. on Occupational Health
Sicily, 1962). INFORMATION authors read 25th
Taormina Taormina OCCUPATIONAL Paper read
Italian Congress Congress Occupational Occupational Health Taormina Taormina
Taormina
at 25th Italian National examined Congress periodically mine workers exposed
OCCUPATIONAL Sicily 1962 The authors examined examined
other OCCUPATIONAL to dust The
periodically 260 progressively exposed
function tests INTERNATIONAL
number normal radiographsradiographs decreases progressively increas-
iy
emphysema
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AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
levels talcum levels had t1o.5 54.4
Fibrous of % 6.06.0
foundtalcum The
The in
products
American major ...m
cobalt products ...m products
cobalt purpose
particulaes cosmetic quartz The were The
purose nickel were The
talcum free of
were examined
samples examinedsilica tthishis
,
chromiu productsgenerally
genraly investgaion cosmetic conte under and were under their and
Asociatn fibre also
to
1.0
August Fibrous and
1968
Vol Industrial mineral
29 29
Industrial
Hygiene conte
4.
4.
Hygien
of
pp
350-354
350-354
350-354
1.0
varied 1.0
manges anlysed conte discus talcum from m
was 350-354
to
Illus
Illus
Journalproducts diametrmetals Detroit varied obtain in
Illus
were their for 0.3 24
to
low % health data
from on
refs Craley one with 8
aspects with to
some
4
Michgan samplelengths L.J. 30 of % 22 per the
excptions comerialhowevrrangi count USA al July-
constiue the from
73 CIS
INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
zardous
ticles
posure prolonged
ticles prolonged
ticles workers
ticles posure
workers
pulmonary
the prolonged comparative
pulmonary ft to prolonged
pulmonary was comparative
exposed comparative pulmonary exposed
pulmonary concentrations
appreciably exposure
function as roentgenogram exposure
function roentgenogram criteria exposure
recommended exposure clinical
recommended clinical
for concentrations granular
recommended granular recommegnradnueladr
concentrationsadequate recommended
recommended
recommended recommended
greater roentgenographic
greater
t by h gdreiataergnoasimsoe unrtoesntgenrooegnrtgaepnhogircaphic
the fibrous
average amounts
indicate average being roentgenographic
Lung
fiLbruonugs
November fibrous function November function November fibrous function
and and November
Swencicki in Swencicki
1964 granular tale tale
Swencicki
granular
, granular workers
Vol workers
workers
9 workers
No.wodrusktsers
dusts
Archives
Archives
Archives
comparative
Kleinfeld
Kleinfeld
American roentgenographic Environmental average 559-566 comparative
American that
of roentgenographic Environmental comparative
million roentgenographic
exposure either
Environmental comparative
Environmental
American was
American expe osure itheie ther r
milion physiolgical either
M. Environmental
.
physiM. ologie
caried Environmetal acceptable exposure history Conference particles
physiological variety
carried
physiologie physiological
Environmental
physiologie
particles Conference carried Environmental
those Conference
Conference
variety adequate
physiological
Conference adequate physiological
p fibrhousysiological
threshold ft out
threshold ftadequate having Industrial
limit
fibrous
limit
having
produce
air
having produce
and
The
The
and
Messite physiologie Health physiologie Health Messite
Health Health
study
Health study
study
.
of
findings having produce
Industrial
produce
Industrial produce
Industrial
and
Industrial exposure
environmental
Industrial
Industrial talcosis
findings environmental
ofof
Chicago Chicago Shapiro Shapiro
Chicago workers
.
workers
Chicago workers Chicago
workers
(
talcosis NML
Hygienists
prolongedfindingenvirosnmental
,
workersworkers
taleosis NML Hygienists
III
Hygienists consistent taleosis environmental
NML
)
Hygienists indicate
,
exposed
exposed
HHygyienigstsicoensisntenit sindticaste
KKoooyomaynmeaxponsed
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OCUPATIONL INFORMATIONINFORMATION INFORMATION
INTERAIONLAHENALDTH
CIS
CIS
CIS
ae
with Tak pneumoconiosis pneumoconiosis - report report of
si
patients
postmortem
Ghel P. Majeranowski Majeranowski F. , and Messite J.
findings Kleinfeld M.
"
Archives of Environmental
Hreefaslth Chicago Ill , USA July 1963 Vol 7 No. 1 pp 101-115 Illus 14 bibl
6 workers who were exposed for
able amounts of tale admixed admixed
an average of 24 years to a dust containing appreci- |
with tre olite and anthophyllite anthophyllite and
j
amount of free silica developed a symptomatic form of
containing a small
nical features were chronic productive
pneumoconiosis The major cli-
ted chest
cough dyspnea diminished breath
expansion diffuse rales and clubbing onea
sounds limi-
plaint and was progressive The ches
was the most constant constant com-
filtration of variable
roentgenogram usually usually disclosed interstitial
basally degree both
and in the mi
in-
tively spared Cor pulmonale was the
flung fields with the apices rela-
chanism of death in 3. In
major complication in 4 of the 6 cases and the me-
ings were similar to those goebnseerravledthien clinical roentgenographic and pathological find- }
asbestosis pulmonary talcosis has not been
However in contrast to the latter
: cinoma
associated with an increased increased incidence of pulmonary car- :
:
'
NML
.
*
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Tale pneumoconiosis Kipling M. D. and Bech A. O. Transactions of the Association
SAFETY CENTRE of Industrial Medical Officers I ondon United Kingdom October 1960 Vol 10 No. 3 pp 83-93 Illus Bibl
A review of past experience of 1 azards in the use of talc is followed by seven case
OCUPATIONL INFORMATION histories with clinical details and rays of which four cases occurred in the manu- !
exposure facture of lead accumulator plates one with five years
one was that of
!
HEALTH a rubber tyre extruderextruder one an aluminium caster and the last an aluminium foundry
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function
Messite J. Shapiro J.
Chicago
Kleinfeld M. Ill USA March and Swencicki , R. R. Archives of Environmental Health Chicago . USA March 4
1965 Vol 10 No. pp 431-437 Illus 13 bibl refs
function
in
Pulmonary function tests were performed on 43 workersworkers engaged
weighted
engaged in the milmlilli ing ng ofof tale tale
:
3
weighted engaged The mean duration and
average
of
exposures
exposures
were
19.0
years and and 62.3 62.3 mppcf ,
;r
years respectively The predominant symptoms were
crepitations
dyspnoea respectively The mean predicted crepitations and clucblubbbinig ng werewere noted noted in 12 and 8 ,
respectively
12
mean
Bas~-lar predicted
values
fortthhee
varivoaruiosus
function
pulmonarypulmonary function parameters
measured measured were
within
the
%
95
con-
:
appreciable number in the vital fidence limits of the control group However an
which
outside
limits
valvalues ues whichwhich fell outside these limits ThiThiss was particularly particuleavirdlenyt in
workers had cacpap aa cc iittyy i
total lung capacicaptacity y andDLCODLCO There were 16 who sshhoowweedd pulmonary pulmonarypulmonary infiilnftiltrraatiotn ion on their ;
compared chest roentgenograms asas compared to 27 without such evidence
impairment
impairment
InIn generalgeneral the correla-
roentgenographic
tion between pulmonary function impairment and clinical and roentgenograroentgenogpraphic hicroentgenographic findings
was poor
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Ren SAFETY Health a Experimental hygenExe perimental hygene
hygene Experimental
hygene Experimental
French 141 French
FrencEhxperimental
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CENTRE
Pulmonary taleosis a clinical and environmental study Messite J. Reddin G. and
CENTRE
CENTRE
Kleinfeld M. 4.M.A. Archives of Industrial
Chicago Ill USA November
CENTRE
1959 Vol 20 No. 5 pp 408-413 Illus Bibl
Experimental
477
dovrat
on
in
the the
radiol
radiol
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radiol radiol
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unaccompanied
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17 "
Archy
" Archy exp^'rimentale August exp^'rimentale
AArrcchhyyexp^'rimentale
OCUPATIONL INFORMATIONINFORMATION
INFORMATION
457-1966
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Describes an industrial hygiene survey of talc mines and mills in New York State Fait
The institution of wet drilling has reduced the dust exposure in the mines and lowered
enae. the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis among talc miners The authors indicate that
while both types of tale can produce pulmonary fibrosis the fibrous or tremolite
variety is the more pathogenic
emeee
Femacome
We teea:
ea
+
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subjective this
1966 this
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symptoms
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symptoms which
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174 201 Published
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Published
SAFETY CENTRE
OCUPATIONL INFORMATION
in French Schlegel H. Berufskrankheiten - Maladies professionnelles Schwozerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt Lucerne Switzerland November 1968
Merkblatt Nr 1. 7 pp Illus 6 bibl refs
First of a series of information sheets published by the Swiss National Accident In-
surance Institute and designed for the Swiss medical corps Subjects dealt with . include
asbestos and tale hazards and working environments where they may be encountered
INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION CENTRE
uptake and pathogenic effects of asbestos and tale particles diagnosis prophylaxis
HEALTH and technical protection insurance practices incidence of asbestosis and talcosis in
Switzerland
INTERAONL AND
tmerin
pans also ray of and
and
ray
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and
Tale
Tale
Surveys
Tale
Tale
ventive listed shown granite
evidence
Surveys
United
internal extruding shows evidence pneumoconiosis
case exposure Surveys pneumoconiosis widely >
granite shows
evidence
widely
pneumoconiosis
granite
,
may
measur containgsurfaces pneumocis oe when and of may widemay
widely of
of
differing
differing
differing
pneumoconiosis
Kingdom
pneumoconiosis
pneumoconiosis
workers variations
tale have the OR pneumoconiosis bevariations
Kingdom
pneumoconiosis
pneumoconiosis
pneumoconiosis
and workers In
aginst powderd time in
PRT all
varitons the
ocured pneumocis factor exposed inhaltion tale and is The August in
a disease
possible
disease
possible disease results
possible
disease results
possible
disease
disease results
possible
results
but to
July
taleosis
taleosis
taleosis
taleosis
taleosis
))
205-1961
205-1961
ROSPA
205-1961
ROSPA
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inhaltion industrial cause cable have the
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McLaughlin 16
51-1965
CIS
CIS
51-1965
51-1965
the in a Some
subtion industry industry damgeexposure exposure sevral A.I.G. in
shouldbe
powshiebrleeadequate cwahbilcehs extrude proces tFahteaml Asociatnproodtuhcetrs obnesfeotre percntage countries 180-1 dust are
control coiled prevnt case betwen into
stickngmaking pneumocis and
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of industries industries
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and and the and
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No.
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4
"
pp Ocupational Occupational Occupational
Ocupational Ocupational
Oc upational Oc upational
Occupational
Occupational
Illus Health
Illus
. Health
" 7
London bil
London
London
London London
London
Fsh Fsh
Gtz
Gtz
Mpz
Mpz
CIS
USPHS 73-1967
CIS 1602-1967
Fsh Gtz Mpz
SAFETY
SAFETY CENTRE
CENTRE
OC UPATIONAL INFORMATION
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL HEALTH INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
CIS
Commercial talc and talcosis Weiss
mental Health Chicago Ill
Illus 13 bibl refs
VS.1
B. and Boettner E. February 1967 Vol 11
Archives of ironNo. 2 pp 30.- '08
The authors state that it has still not been fully determined whether taleosis is caused
by mineral tale or by other minerals that exist in commercial tale | Onc difficulty me the
study of this subject is the lack of mineralogical uniformity between different tile opo- oposits and in order to clarify mineralogy from the occupational health standpoint the authors have studied the principal tale deposits worked in the United States These deposits fall into 2 groups a deposits formed from carbonate rocks usually consisting primarily of tale tremolite and anthophyllite b lenticular ores of serpentine origin containing tale magnesite and chlorite The former type was found to be a greater mdustrial hazard It is thought that the latter type may be innocuous and if this fact could be confirmed it would indicate the need for at least 2 different threshold hit vy thes
commercial tale depending on the origin of the material
ENPI 14-1961 14-1961
CIS
1134-1961 134-1961 1134-1961
Qmj
Fsh Gtz Mpz Qmj
ms
SAFETY f
SAFETY CENTRE
Dust exposure in tale grinding and corresponding hazard Esposizione e rischio nelle operazioni di macinatura del taleo Fronzano L. Coscia G.C. and Capellaro F.
CENTRE
Medicina del lavoro Milan Italy November 1963 Vol 54 No. 11. pp 744-
a
INFORMATION
745. Olus 2 bibl refs
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
Paper read at the 25th Italian National Congress of Occupational Health Taormina
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Sicily October 1962 The authors studied 25 workers engaged in the milling of tale
INTERNATIONAL
none of whom had previously been engaged on dusty work The mean average age of the
HEALTH
whole group was 47.3 years with in average duration of exposure of 12.5 years The
HEALTH
workers were divided into 3 groups up to 10 years exposure 11-20 years exposure
INTERNATIONAL AND
more than 20 years exposure ) Nearly 50 presented no evidence of pneumoconiosis
INTERNATIONAL
The following symptoms were found in the 11-20 years group : increased linear markings
5 cases nodulation 2 cases calcification or lesions 4 cases emphysema
CIS
3 cases enlarged helium shadows 2 cases The authors conclude that the longer the duration of exposure the more frequent were the number of cases of pneumoconiosis
CIS
which could be diagnosed radiolgicaly radiologically
xh
USPHS 78-1965
CIS 1249-1965
Fsh Gtz Mpz Pop
SAFETY CENTRE
SAFETY
OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
CIS
CIS
CIS
Lung function changes in tale pneumoconiosis Klemfeld M. Messite J. Shapiro d
Swenecki and R.
Sartety d Journal of Occupational Medicine Chicago Ill
USA January 1965 Vol 7 No. 1 pp 15-17 Illus 11 bibl rets
Pulmonary function tests were performed in 16 workers who were engaged in the milling of tale for more than 10 years and who had elmical and roentgenographic findings consistent with tale pneumoconiosis In 14 of the 16 workers the pneumoconiosis was
symptomatic Dyspnoea was the predominant symptom Cough was present but not con-
sistent The mean duration of exposure was 20
years with a range of 13-26 and the
mean weighted average exposure was 68.9 mppet millions of particles per cubic foot of
air The latter exceeds the present threshold of 20 mppet as recommended by the Ameri-
can Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists The changes indicated that there
was an impairment in ventilatory function and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxyde DLCO in a significant number of individuals individuals
NLM
~~
.
ILO
CIS
146-1966
843-1966
Fsh Gtz Mpz Msb : mn
SAFETY
SAFETY
OCUPATIONAL CENTRE
OCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
SCIS
SCIS
SCIS
Determination of dust particle size in the lungs and lymph nodes of tale industry workers by means of the electron and phase contrast microscope Elektronen- und lichtmikroskopische Korngr^^ enbestimmungeann Lungen- und Lymphknotenst^/ubenvon Talkumarbeitern Einbrodt H.J. Metze :, and Klosterk^tterW. Archiv f^...rHygiene und Bakteriologie Munich Germany Fed Rep 1965 Vol 149 No. 5/6 8 pp special issue Illus 12 bibl refs
Dust isolated by means of formamide from 12 lungs including 9 with lymph nodes
was examined to determine the particle size distribution In all cases the lungs were
|
|
those of workers in the tale industry and mines in Styria Austria The dust was counted
by electron and phase contrast microscopy and the result expressed in summation
graphs It was found that particles in the 0.05 to 0.2 ...size range were especially pronc to be taken up in the lymph This selectivity is ascribed to the silica content of the dust
since no preferential transport via the lymph is observable in pure talcosis It may be
assumed that the hazardous particles are to be found in this particle size range
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