Document k9VMbR0gzwKJQoEomLD08V0MJ

: impossible to predict accurately tha health effects of occupational exposure to carclnogena aueh aa asbestos, radon gaa, and arsenic. Unfor tunately, In only a few of the atudlea listed In Table 4 have adequate ssesssente been nada of tha proportion of workers who smoke cigarettes. The contribution of cigarette tanking to the increased Incidence f disease has been evaluated In several studies and has led to a coneasua chat this habit produces a very significant Increase In clek of 'ylng of lung cancer, as well as of tha various cardiovascular diseases, `he largest study of cigarette snokers Is that of 2. Cuyler Hanaond and :olleagues under the auspices of the American Cancer Society. This study la based on questionnaires and mortality follow-up accomplished between luly 1960 and June 1971 for approxlaately 51,000 sen (llannond at al., 1978). The proportional mortality of lung cancer (percent lung cancer leaths relative to deaths by all causes)., baaed on the llsnnond study, la shown graphically In Figure 7. For a group of men who all smoke clgaectes (cohort of 100 percent smokers) lung cancer mortality Is approxi mately 7 percent at age 45, reaches a maximum of approximately 10 per:ent at age 70, then decreases slightly at older ages. For a cohort of sale non-smokers, lung cancer mortality Is 2 percent at age 45 and then tecreases continuously to approxlaately 1 percent at age 95. Smoking Is most prevalent In blue-collar occupations relative to irofesslonal and managerial occupations (Sterling and Welnkaa , 1978). ibis prevalence also holds true for tha asbestos trades, mining, end billing occupations. In a group of 13,722 asbestos Insulation workers /hose smoking habits wera recorded, 70 percent had a history of ciga rette smoking (Sellkoff and Hammond, 1975 Saraccl, 1977). In a group of 1,015 chrysotlle asbestos miners and alllera, 85 percent vere smokera (McDonald et al., 1974). Data given In Figure 7 predicts that the lung :ncer mortality for a cohort composed of 75 percent smokers would be at least 6 to 7.5 percent, regardless of occupation. In Table 4 wo sco that :ho lung cancer mortality for the total of 13 cohorts of asbestos 'crsdesn workers vaa 18.3 percent -- approximately three times that expected If mortality predictions wera based only on the apparent smoking habits. The Increased risk of lung cancer due to asbestos exposure in non lookers la very low (Saraccl, 1977). There appears to be no relationship 306 8005 0064 ft goto 9. Fircmt o9 ! coocor 4uth la mIm ralatlvo u faottio V? all (proportional * l*| umi) plotta* UV raapoct to at* for (aur iraapa (cohortal ottfc dlffarael clgaratto onatloo ctaruUftiUci onj for a cohort *f aoa- ofcoro. for OBMplo. for cofcort of 7-?ar all aulai wMc* la tenoaaf of I $ ctfmrotto atto, 1.1 parcont of all Itaiha at om 90 art p*4*rtM to Vo fro loot taaicar. Ciaptiical praMatatlM M#oJ ao data Iron Maaovo* rr j(. <1*781. Haf|i ta. I 1a*1a4. Cameor aaftolUp for mn martla* la too ilMttt nriOi* Wf.I/ () Occaorltoa latalMart, at<41 t. lo cohort 11 *t. OaatH 4*1 tao caacar 80. (f l| M (*. rcoth*t long a. (i|.V N (1.0) 1 m> lat1 atm, 17006 997* M 191.4) 19* (-f Ctoaoa imMli I (*i factor?, U, (1941.7| *11 pi IstatOiri, 1,1, 99* (1*47-711 01 factor*. ft.*. OH *0) 1 (imi to (9.1) 44* 9* (9.9) 19 n.> 978 n N (111 1 0> factor*. Caolaao iim27 >19 91 (10.11 to an (llt.| 9 PI loaalatorg. B.T. III (Ilt34t) PI laoolatart. m olfatf IIUMI) ) Taatllaq. toaOaa 4700 (*11.70) 4* 10 <9.f| 1 (. m 94 (H.ll f (Ml 9*8 #1 (".) 14 (*.*) It w fariap* Cardiff lit* (lM.1| ni 11 P.1) 1 (*! 11 01 foatar*. a**a, (1*14.71) IN* n110 . -C*MI (9.4) 1* W) laattlaa (1*11.78) * (Ml494 1*0 t* (H.t) II PI Total of taWti faclora, 1)4^ <t*8S-7<| 9*4 10*08 M (*.1 tnt * (10.11 197 ft (.0) V trfrreaeaa: (t)(a) it (*) al.>, !#, 1079; (01 Ittaliaa rt it.. 1*77; (() tl*lml*l4 at at.* It07; 1*70; (C) Vllla/I' at al. , riawaM tlaaM. tH: 71; Mr, 1*71; fa) ftaoea tad (Oaa, (9) Irla, Itri; (I) Mrht, 19/1. V latladn 9*8 awa }f portam( *f all 4set* (t,parUil aMalllal 4/ aortart or miomi oa? la corrtaillo atkilet 7A7 PRODUCED BY FORD