Document k9NxdaGkLaQ9vjge3p1xJnX6B
tSi-jWb
FOR DU'^MT USE ONLY
CCt
HASKELL LABORATORY
AR226-2913
E. M. SCHULZ TEXTILE FIBERS
GENEVA
DEPARTMENT
January 13, 1984
_(H_a_s_k_eI1N1
TRS 5. Labbra eotly
m.ANfJS AHft..GE orfe N6. 2^-84^
SUMMARY
fodff Industrial hygiene dveys
emission ah heat-setting
operation were done at th roe customer plants: Richards Ltd. in
Aberdeen, Scotland; W & J Kftojt fibers, Ltd. at Kilbirnie,
Scotlan^ and at Qrnafcax ijt Kirkrade, Netherlands. In addition,
bothJBvj1^!
ere monitored at Uentrop Werk
in Sermany
TheUfJsamples at thei three heat-setting plants cannot be considered to be "brsathihg zone" sfiBipies as defined in Du Pont engineering Standard S-12-lT; but^ with the exception of two samples at Knox, they were placed at approximatl^y nose level in locations where people .nominally worked, ThefBjsamples were in the range 0.3-1.5 flifl/in , fhieh is wellbelj&w the 5 mg/m AEL. These samples should approximate breathing zone concentrations,
At Uentrop Werk threejtypes of samples were tak<
misl
formed when fiber containing a newly applied finishj
IHMMSJHHBHBBH"1^0]6 90B b6nd over a guide: {jjJBIpumes,
Total and respTrabre-fiarfeAculates, ana fraetions of particulates
less than 10 urn. Th(f|eoncntrations ^ar the finish mist
were in the range 0.8T0frog/a Total patticulates were
approximately 24 mg/m of {which about 4-6% were less than 5 ;nn.
,a.W>.l..tc.n>ai,,TSCACW
The impactor sampling for'fractions shows a mass median
aerodynamic diameter of S'^im. Hone of the Uentrop Work samples were considered to be in the breathing zone of workers. They are expected to give higher results then breathing zone samples due to close proximity to sources of emissions.
BACKGROUND
s
uaed ^lis
p
in re
s
formul ent a^
at
a
i
on
co
s
nf
e
of
aiT
j^^^
iTnani
rn
ie
fo^rrmmeeddaass a thnermal deggrraaddaattion product re subjected to heat-setting.
formulations
when
It was desired SoehAi^acterize the exposure of workers near
t^Jl^t-^eMeS-_toUB^i several custoroer plants in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands Additionally; a requesJ^jEa^made to mpnj.fcor_near a spinning m(chinne which was applying cftfllHl
ne thetptal and cespiraoT^^
thef----lbncentration and the particle size distributior
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
C--1 A
jfB^am naallyyttical
pMlienthgodafnlld^<--!in--al--^Bis)i
.
,w6re.
n----^
d
a
one
mpl
per es/^
e
Ba re
skell take
n
La u
bora sing
t
o
D
r
u
y
Font Model P-200A sample pumps* Samplerfeubes were SKC Tenax*
100/50 ag tubes with glalle sealed erids^(j6ai#226-35-03. Lot 203).
Plow rates were in the l0< aL/minuto riling^. The pumps were
calibrated before and aft6r each sample (except samples -028 and
-029) with a Kurz Flowmettir Model 541S, which itse^^as^^^
i(|HHII|my calibrat?<3 *" bubb^ meter prior to cine survey
ana^uS^were^caffl^^Bc^wIrecti^wTcn a bubble meter at Dentrop.
Sampling details for all samples are on individual industrial
hygiene data forms in thefj^fl^SHwEile,
^MIBHB Analysis of theff^almples was done at Haskell Laboratory
using the solvent de^orpti'on/gas chromatogjraphy method described A blank sample was submitted with each batch of
saniplesrrom the various ajttes.
^BBj j
In1 al & Respirable, Particulatea
*-^^^^^^r~
^M'.t-^_ '.'
Total and respirableffHparticulafces were collected using
filter cassettes (Mill ipdeje Grav imet r ic Pvg 5-03700) and Du Ponfe
P-2500A pumps. The P-2500A pumps were calibrated using the Kurz
541S flowmeter or directly with a bubble meter. Plow rates were
in the 1.8 Lpm range. Thei filter cassettes were weighed before
and after sampling at Haskjell Laboratory and were desic.oated
16-24 hours before each weighing.
;
?'
RtMnpahy Sanitized. Does not contain TSCA W'
The respirable particulate sample train had a cyclone
separator ahead of the filter cassette. The cyclone/filter
cassette assembly constitutes the Bendix BOX 99 Respirable Cyclone Dust Collector. Thi following table shows the percentages of particles of various aerodynapic diameters which
pass through the cyclone and tnfeo the filter' cassette. The particles passing through tpis cyclone are <sbnsidered to be the respirable fraction.
Aerodynamic Diameter in Micrometers
< 2.0 2.5 3.5 5.0
10.0
Percentage Passing Through
_^
Cyclone_______
90
75
50
25
0
After the filter substrates for the total and respirable
parciculates were weighed, (they were sent to Or. Eric Kissa (Jackson Laboratory, Chambers Works) for f tutor ine analysis.
Particulate Fractions
j
A Model 2110 ten stage :3ierra cascade Afflpactor with a cyclone
pre-separator (10 pm cutoff) was used to diafeermine the particle size distribution of the finish mist. Alt^l^w through the
impactor at 3.4 Lpm was generated by a vactiuin pump. The Kurz
541S mass flowmeter was used in-line with' tile impactor and vacuum
pump to measure the airflow!. The Kurz flpsroeter was calibrated
before and after the impactpr run with a BulSble meter on site. The collecci^. substrates fpr each of the t^n stages were C-220
GF-Type A glass fiber filter papers which ^fre desiccated and
pre-weighed on site. After; sampling the filters were again
desiccated, weighed and__senfc__di^efely_^_C^'.I Sric Kissa for
--
:
w
RESULTS
;
Tables 1, 2 and 3 show |Lhef||^mpnitorig results at Richards, Knox and Ornatex. AH Samples ware well below the
Acceptable Exposure Limit ofc 5 rng/m3.
Table 4 shows the location and type of sampling done at Uentrop Work and Tables 5 &| 6 show the results of the analyses of the samples at that Site. {Table 7 shows t^e method or determining the percent respirable particl'ea in the Sierra impactor test. Table 8 shows the resultsC,oS; the fluorine analysis on the respirable and total parttcuiate samples. The fluorine analyses on the impactor fracti'phs are shown in Table 9.
3 -
,w^ , ,-((ntfsor
pompanySanitized. Does not contain TSf^ r*w
DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
mission at tie customer plants seem to be under
A spot checi for emissions at the heat'setters
should be performed approximately every two years or whenever
conditions such as he it-setting temperature, throughput,
number .of machines or' venttlatlori change so as to increase
the|^^|rreelleasedd*, !
The test for particultes at Oentrop Iterk using the BDX sampler resulted in ai apparent respirabia portion of 4-6%, while the respirable portion calculated from the Sierra impactor study was approximately ll't*
Fli-iorine analysis by pr. Eric Kiss^i on the total and
respirable particular? samples (-0^2, -023, -03Q^nd. -031)
indicate
the total
thpaatrtitchuelarteeis?piraacbe leappporortxiiomnatiesly 6424-6Q6.J^fJy{
while
Preliminary testing for fluorine On the impactor fractions
show iiat the particles ta tfee O.S^iS^ pm size range consist
of approximately 20-
Report by:
wJKayser
.ISlisultant -
3:nllistrial Hygiene
JMK/dar
Approved by:
^taphen W. Dixon Section Supervisor
Indsus trial Hygiene
laskell Laboratory Repor
wr 29-94
Attachments: Tables 1-9 i
Number of pages in th.s report': 13 .
company Sanitized. Does notconiam TSCA C8(
TABLE I
iONITORING AT RtCgARljS W,,t AggRPEEN, SCOTLAND
Nylon staple spun from Antfon* Plus Type 309A heat-set ;:u-ierba equipment. Heat-stting temperature was 132'C and tt --ure was fSC. Saof'le date! October 4, 1983.
on
dryer
Sample Number
H-83-38-001 H-83-38-002
H-83-38-003 H-83-38-004
H-83-38-005 H-83-38-006
H-83-38-007
Locafeion Iof. Sjiftple
Sample
TiSe
..<mijJ>.)
Three feet trom exit of 1?6
presteaner, !l2" above
176
belt near eonferol
buttons 2' Cfa entry
rollers, 6* ;fr6m edoe of
yarn.
I
Two feet from exit of
167
dryer, 3* above bolt.
167
Attached to jyarn takeoff
accumulator fsupport
stand.
'
Between dryejr and sefetihg 148
chamber* Sireetly over 178 and 2 1/2' above belt, Two feet hori^onfenily from exit ro Ller of setting chamber.
'
Blank
0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 Non-detectable
HL 29-84
'Company Sanitized. Does not contain TSCA ^w
200C.
TABLE 2
IONITORING AT BiNOX FIBSBS^ KILBIRNE, SCOTLAND
Sampling dates
[eat^set Oh Suassen equipment at
1983.
Sample Number
H-83-38-008 B-83-38-009 H-83-38-010
H-83-38-011 H-83-38-012
H-83-38-013 H-83-38-014
Locationjof Samplfl
Saople
Tinie
<mte.)
Blank
Ovr wrapper neaf
H7
entrance tojheat-setfcer. 148
Eighteen inches crom
wrapper and ,'14'' frore
bottom lip ^f exhaust
hood.
'
On poates eidher Side of
3.46
exit fron h^at-aetter.
f45
Twelve to fifteen inches
from eitherjaide of hood
ft level of;bottoa lip
of hood.
i
Immediately over <outSide) fi7
yarn masts at exit of
65
heat-better:(under
exhaust hood).
Concsee: ntrytiion
(mg/iB^l
Non-detectable 1.1 1.0
0.9 1.0
1.0 1.5
HL 29-84
^^--------SCAW
TABLE 3
AMPLING AT (&RNATg3^ KIRICRAl^ NETHERLANDS
y----^f--------Qheat-set at 132C on Superba equipment.
SampTing date: October lOjj 1983.
Sample Number
H-83-38-015
Location :of Sample
Blank
!
H-83-38-016 H-83-38-017 H-83-38-018 H-83-38-019
Above convevor b^lt at exit of heati-aetter.
Samples werej 22" above
the conveyor and 30"
horizontally' from the
exit.
;
Directly above the entrance to jthe heatsetter. Sambles were 15" above ana either side of the ponveyor.
H-83-38-020 3-83-38-021
On the me chtie (not
running) adjicentto
the one runn ng P185.
Samples were opposite
the exit of :he heatsetter. Pmnns from
machine runn .ng P185
were wafting in the direction of the
samples, which were
4 1/2" from the floor.
Sajrople
yi^e j(inia.)
1;63
161
154 151
.,/^
147 147
Coincceennttrraatt-iion
(fnliH^SP^^
Non-detectable 1.0 0.9
1.0 1.0
1.4 1.4
HL 29-84
Company SanTtized. Does not contain TSCA CBf
Location
TABLE 4
)B9^NO PARTICULATE SAMPLING AT UENTROP WERK
LOCATIONAHDHPfir OP gAMPLES_____
of Samples
!
Saaplingwasdone ate aCf SpiLnnnjing Machines 31 6 32.
iwaa
Usftefl
at a
fcwhrolughnpjL_fe__of:__J4__kg_/>_n_r. _
The
yarn ran vc _Lc_a_ii_y _t_o_m_a_c_hi_no_ '32 position 01, chen horizontally
152 cm to machine 31 position 10^ ^n^n-^ertsically 46 cat down to
the doffing gun. A visible ttist was fiana<3 as the yarn passed
over the guide at 31-10. fhe Siiprra irtpac!tor preselector oriface
was 36 cm diagonay^oho^a anrf t-n tpa rLghl; of the 31-10 guide.
The samplers foryl^tfid plat-tioUlates were in a zone which was
approximately 24 cm aoovefi 15 eft Co the ri^ht, and 18 cm behind
the guide.
I
Sample Number
fy^L sample
H-33-38-022
RespiE-aple particulafee with BOX 99.
H-83-38-023 H-83-38-024 H-83-38-025
Total pjairtiGUlate -
Tenax tube.
f flfJ- T nax feube.
filter cassette.
H-83-38-026
Respira?le fractions - Sierra impactor.
H-83-38-027
Blank rnax tube.
H-83-38-028 H-83-38-029 H-83-38-030 H-83-38-031
fflHy* ^^^ tube.
f fl|r ^nax tube*
Total p.irticulates - filter cassette.
ReapiraDle particulafees with BOX 99.
HL 29-84
8 -
^^,^..----o"a"TSCAC"
I
Sample Number
H-83-38-022 H-83-38-023
H-83-38-030 H-83-38-031
TABI.B 5
D PARTtCUkATg W?LINO AT OENTROP WBRK
ggsbltg^^i^^,______
yinif
(iftt:ft,.).
365 363
114 1^4
filSS^^
(56ftcerti^ftoh
-,.,.,.^^
l*^^
2^.N'.
25.-5S.'
.a
Particulate
Type
Respirable Total
Total Respirable
Sample Nmafegg
H-83-38-024 H-83-38-625 H*83*38*027 a-83-39-02e H-83-38-029
concentration
j. (mo/tt3)
0.9 0.9 Don-detectable 0.8 1.0
HL 29-84
-
9 -
s.nn^.o.^"-----'^01"
jCenipany
TAfiLE 6
SIERRA IMPA<tTOR SAMPLING - DENTROP Vi.-'RK PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Mass median diameter =
G.S.D. =3
8 inn
- 10 -
^ipgny %am^. 1M^ tNr con^^
TABLE 7
RESPIRABLg PARTICLES IN SIERRA IMPACTOR
Impactor Stage
Particle
Diameter
JMass, igg
t Comparable
feo 8^X-99*
S^t Reapirable, gg
1
! 3,0
2
,' 6.1
3
6.4
: 14.1
4
3.8
! 6*6
5
2.4
2-5
6
1.4
1.3
7 8
0.8
! 0,5
0.5
0.4
9
0.'
! 0.2
10
i 0.1
0
0
25 50 75 100 IflO
mo
100 100
Total
0.0 0.0
^.5 3.3 1.9
1.3
0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 11.2 mg
Total Particulates *
% Respirable
10l! mg (ft-oft separate
H.^Z/lOl X 100 s H
j
total dust samplers)
*The cyclone pre-Seiectlon for particles than doea the 1^&X-99
the Sle^^; impactor passes larger whose selection characteristics
are shown in the Cable on page 3. The pat-tides which pass
through the BDX-99 are C(Bsi4ered to be |he respirable fraction.
This column estimates fcho percfenta^B of particulates on each
stage that would have paiised the &DX-99 aftd thus would have been
respirable. The total pirticulafees are calculated as an average
of the two total particu.afce samples.
HL 29-84
Sanitized. Does not contain TSCA CBT pompany 11
I
1
I TWe a
FLUORINE ANAWIS Of PARTICULATE
Og.TtO) tejS
Sample Number
H-83-38-022 Respirable
H-83-38-023 Total
H-83-38-030 Total
H-83-38-031 Respirable
A
Partieulat .ea
Weioht, B>?, .83
15.22 8.61
..?a
B
Pluorifle
W0,iq^fe, Tng
.22 2*70 1.51
.Ot
C
ff) [
v-sigftt, mg
(Br0.4)
.55
D
f------percentage
or Total
(CTA)
66
6.75
446
3.78 .18
44t
62
i
'
e-65
r
Blank
.OON
C56
0028
'
Blank
i
^
The tesplrable par^icu Ultes are 62'-66%|j1(while the total
'
parfciculatea are 44%l|f| >
'
.
,,
^^^^^l^fl^analyseabYD e^ffi^^Kissa, Jackson Laboratory, 11/15/83,
9--"-
HL 29-84
1 '
'
.
1i
:'1'
,
1
,
p^MyS.nni^W"""'"3111'6'''"''" !
;
T/\B^ 9
FLUORINE ANALYSIS OF SXKNA (MPACTOR FRACTIONS
;
1
UBNfR^ WERK
!
Sample Number
H-83-38-026
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8 Stage 9 Stage 10
Blank Blank Blank
A
Particulafee a Weight, iaa
3, 2
6. 1
,
14. 1
6, 6
2. 5 1. 3 0. 5 1
00*. 42 1
0. 1
i
{
i
B
c
i
D
1
f -- YU
Fluorine
Wiaht,3BJ3
^. '
.
jS^"' 9ight, mg '.'::(B 4 0,4)
JPetrcentage ;
f Total
!
(C T A)
w. 999 1. 4??, , 919
1 123 2 498 3 698 2 298
35
41
1
26
35
;
* 404
IN iV 168
176
01^5
1 010
40
;
275
21
See footnote 2. See footnote 2. SB^ footnote 2. See footnote 2. See footnote 2. See footnote 2 See footnote 2. See footnote 2* ,
219
145
'''
^CTI - /'..- -
f .-
l.4t,,,.
-.;
;
X
The average blank value Ofi0171 mg was subtracted from the fluorine wfe of the samples.
! . '
2Weight "f "uorine particulate weight
in to
blanks w. s too Urge <0.171 mg) make'an accurate calculation of
compared
Y^HH|)
to
total
HL 29-84
- 13 -
^n^0'
^^5notcon
^empaw^