Document k9MEdQNn74x7wjkNpM9QOK4eJ

Et hyl Gasol ine.Corporat ion Chemical Resear ch Labor at or y 1600 West Eight Mil e Road De t r o i t , M i c h i g a n Dr. Robert A. Kehoe College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio : October 10. 1940 Dear Dr.Kehoe: Dr. Calingaert has asked me to answer your letter to him of October 1, in which you ask for "some of the data in support of the statements" in m y letter of May 25 regarding the lead con tent of exhaust gases. Frankly, it is not clear to me just what you want here - whether you question the accuracy of some of the statements, or whether you simply want further information as to how they were arrived at. In any event, following are some references and specific figures, numbered to correspond to ny previous letter; if you will let me knew specifically what additional information you would like, I shall try to get it for you. 1. The Bureau of Mines 1927 report "Experimental Studies,..", pages 345-8 describes the Cottrell precipitator used in this work. This apparently was effective at the -low rate of sampling used, that is, 0.5 cubic feet per hour out of a total of 30,000 cubic feet per hour (page 45). '. ` 2. Attached is an oil analysis data sheet, taking 0.803/? by weight lead in the oil, times 1.5 gallons oil, times 7.76 pounds per gallon, gives a total of 42 grams lead in the oil; taking a 2000 mile oil drain period, and assuming 12 miles per gallon of fuel, gives 166 gallons of fuel used per oil sample, at 3.00 cc. TEL per gallon gives 523 grams lead; dividing this into 42 grams gives 8% * 3. See the Bureau of Mines report, pages 29-32; current airfuel ratios are much leaner than were in use in 1921, giving a carbon monoxide content of about 1.6-2/?. 4. Analyses of condensate water from exhaust pipe (Chemical Research Labs. Ho. 202-M-3529, 3384) showed a wide variation in lead content, from less than 1 to 50 mg./liter, the high values evidently being due to the presence of solids in the sample taken. An- analysis of a filtered composite sample from a 1937 Chevrolet car fitted with a special exhaust gas condenser,is attached. 5. Some typical engine deposit analyses are given in the Bureau of Mines report, pages 49-51. Dr. Robert A. Kehoe Page 2 ' Oct. 10, 1940 6. No data. 7. A recalculation of the vapor pressure of lead bromide gives 10"^inm. at 27 C., correct within a factor of 1000. The estimate was made from data in I.C.T. on the vapor pressures of liquid lead chloride and lead bromide, their melting points and heats of fusion, and on the vapor pressure of solid lead chlorides details will be furnished if desired. 8 - 1 1 . No data. Very sincerely yours, KAB :AMC . ' Harold A* Beatty c C < O sRelated Tests: No. ________ FILE REF. NOS. 70.2020 2060 132.4030 87 " > fable ____ LEAD I N CRANKCASE OIL Test Summary ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION Engineering Laboratory Test No._ Test 38M-2505 Date Test Started July 7. 1938 Date Test Ended study s till in progress See Final Report No.______________ _ A; PURPOSE: TO DETERMINE THE QUANTITY OF LEAD COMPOUNDS WHICH COLLECTS IN THE CRANKCASE OILS OF PASSENGER CAR, TRUCK, AND TRACTOR ENGINES DURING ROAD AND DYNAMOMETER OPERATION. B. TEST CONDI TI ONS AND PROCEDURE: - DYNAMOMETER TESTS . LOAD AMD SPEED: IN SOME TESTS CONSTANT, IN OTHERS VARIED. DURATION OF TESTS: 56 TO 500 HOURS. OIL ADDITIONS AND CHANGES: IN THE 56-HOUR TESTS, MAKE-UP OIL WAS ADDED AS NEEDED. ONE DRAIN AT END OF EACH TEST; DRAININGS RETAINED AND ANALYZED. IN THE 5Q0-H0UR TESTS ON TRACTOR ENGINES, MAKE-UP OIL WAS ADDEO AS NEEDED. OIL CHANGES AT 40 TO 64-HOUR INTERVALS; DRAININGS RETAINED AND ANALYZED. . ROAD TESTS TYPE OF SERVICE: MILD CITY AND SEVERE CROSS-COUNTRY. OIL ADDITIONS AND CHANGES: MAKE-UP OIL ADDED AS REQUIRED. OIL CHANGES AT 2000 MILE AND LONGER INTERVALS FOR COMPANY-OWNED AND PRIVATE CARS RESPECTIVELY; DRAININGS RETAINED AND ANALYZED. OIL DRAINING PROCEDURE: OIL DRAINED; OIL PAN REMOVED, SLUDGE SCRAPED FROM PAN AND CRANKCASE AND PLACED IN SEPARATE CONTAINER. LEAD DETERMINATIONS MADE SEPARATELY ON DRAININGS AND SLUDGE AND LEAD CONTENT AT EACH DRAINING DETERMINED BY THE ADDITION OF THE TWO. . C. SUMMARY OF TEST MATERI ALS AND RESULTS: ENGINE OR CAR YEAR BRAND FUEL c c . pbEt * COMPANY PER GAL. BRAND OIL NO. OF SAE NO. SAMPLES LEAD CONTENT, BY WEIGHT RANGE AVG, (DYNAMOMETER t e s t s ) INTERNATIONAL F-20 SOHIO X-70 CHEVROLET 1939 RED CROWN CHEVROLET 1938 RED CROWN PLYMOUTH 1939 RED CROWN STD.OHI 0 STD.IND. STD.IND. STP.INO. (road t e s t s ) OLDSMOBILE 6 PONTIAC BUICK 60 OLDSMOBILE 8 PONTIAC 8 OLDSMOBILE 6 G.M. TRUCK OLDSMOBILE 8 BUICK 40 BUICK 40 BUICK 40 BUICK 40 1936 VARIOUS VARIOUS 1938 RED CROWN STO.IND. 1938 VARIOUS VARIOUS 1937 VARIOUS ETHYLS 1937 TEXACO ETHYLS 1937 VARIOUS ETHYLS 1935 "FLASH", RICHFIELD 1937 "FLASH", RICHFIELD 1937 "FLASH", RICHFIELD 1939 "FLASH", RICHFIELD 1939 "FLASH", RICHFIELD 1939 "FLASH", RICHFIELD * TRACTOR 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2.5+ 2.5+ 2.5+ 3 2 3 3 3 3 POLARINE 30 (5 b r a n d s ) 30 {3 b r a n d s ) ' 30 SINCLAIR 30 11 8 4 1 STAROLENE 20-30 STAROLENE 20-30 VARIOUS 20-30 VARIOUS 20 HAVOLINE 20 HAVOLINE 20 ZEROLENE 40 ZEROLENE 30 ZEROLENE 30 ZEROLENE 20 ZEROLENE 30 ESSO NO. 1 - 6 4 5 3 4 3 1! 12 9 '3 1 1 .24- .30 .55- .84 .79-1.10 - 0,2 0.7C I.OC 0.8* AVG. 0.71 .42-1.18 0.9: .49-1.41 I.OC .41- .77 O.5: I.16-1.54 US! .75-2.49 l.6( 1.07-1,69 1.2! .30- ,97 : 0.6! .34-1.24 0*8 i .38-1.12 0.8 .27- .44 O.3; 0.4* - ` 0.2f AVG. 0*6* D, CONCLUSI ONS: THE LEAO CONTENT OF OILS OBTAINED FROM DYNAMOMETER TESTS RANGES FROM 0.24# TO I.logs BY WEIGHT OR FROM 0.040# TO 0.18# BY VOLUME. THE LEAD CONTENT OF OILS OBTAINED FROM RO/ TESTS RANGES FROM 0.27 TO 2.49# BY WEIGHT OR FROM 0.045# TO 0.42# BY VOLUME. THE AVERAGE LEAt CONTENT OF OILS OBTAINED FROM BOTH TYPES OF TESTS IS 0.803# BY WEIGHT OR 0.136# BY VOLUME. THE CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY AFTER MAKING ANALYSES ON NUMEROUS USED ENGINE CRANKCASE OIL SAMPLES DETERMINED A RATIO OF 0.17 TO I AS AN AVERAGE FOR THE RELATION BETWEEN # BY VOLUME OF LEAD COMPOUNDS TO # BY WEIGHT OF LEAD. .. N20228.01 Report By -<9 . -- DECEMBER 18, 1939