Document jyybr5rzzvN90GBDeExepQXmp

594 CHAPTER 21 1958.Guide Storage is usually accomplished by means of by-passing water from the flow to the return mains and thereby storing heat in the return main for1 future use, or by accumulators. Systems which experience normal peaks can obtain as much as 15 percent added capacity through this heat storage. Where peaks are more severe, this storage or thermal flywheel will allow even greater savings. Distribution The conventional conduit or tunnel distribution systems are employed with similar techniques used for installation except that grading of the piping is not important. The mains may be run at different elevations at will, although the high points should be vented by the use of air collectors and the low points should be drained. REFERENCES I Thermodynamic Properties of Steam, by Joseph H. Keenan and Frederick G. Keyes, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., First Edition, 1936). * Friction Heads in Standard Six-Inch Pipe, by F. E. Giesecke and J. S. Hopper, (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 47, 1941, p. 71). Comparative Study of Friction Heads in Screwed and Welded Elbows, by F. E. Giesecke and J. S. Hopper, (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 48,1942, p. 201). 4 Friction Heads Due to Water Flow in Copper, Brass, and Other Smooth Pipes, by F. E. Giesecke, (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 49, 1943, p. 175). Determination of Pipe Sizes for Hot Water Heating Systems, by F. E. Giesecke (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 21,1915, p. 473). 6 Friction of Water in Iron Pipes and Elbows, by F. E. Giesecke (ASHVE Trans actions, Vol. 23,1917, p. 499). 7 Effect of Temperature Upon the Friction of Water in Pipes, by F. E. Giesecke (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 9). * Friction of Water in Elbows, by F. E. Giesecke (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 32, 1926, p. 303). * Friction Heads in One-Inch Standard Cast-Iron Tees, by F. E. Giesecke and W. H. Badgett (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 121). if Loss of Head in Copper Pipe and Fittings, by F. E. Giesecke and W. H. Badgett (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 529). II Supplementary Friction Heads in One-Inch Cast-Iron Tees, by F. E. Giesecke and W. H. Badgett (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 111). 17 Two Methods of Figuring the Friction Loss in Pipe Lines, by F. E. Giesecke (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 49). 11 Sources of Vent Gas in a Hot Water Heating System, by L. N. Montgomery and W. S. Harris, (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 61, 1955, p. 483). 14 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IV, Low-Pressure Heating Boilers, with 1954 and 1955 Addenda. 14 Consider Pump Heads When Sizing Hot Water Expansion Tanks, by Ray Chewning and R. W. Peterson, (Heating, Piping, and Air Conditioning, July 195i p. 106). 14 Compression Tank Selection for Hot Water Heating Systems, by H. A. Lockhart andG. F. Carlson (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 55). 17 Healing and Air Conditioning of Buildings, by Oscar Faber and J. R. Kell (Ar chitectural Press, London). CHAPTER 22 RADIATORS, CONVECTORS, BASEBOARD AND FINNED-TUBE UNITS Definitions, Heat Emission, Radiators, Convectors, Baseboard, Finned-Tube, Ratings, Corrections for Non-Standard Conditions, Enclosed Radiators adiators, convectors, baseboard,. and finned-tube are the types of Rj heat-distributing units used in steam and hot water heating systems to supply heat to a room by radiation and convection. The function of these devices is the maintenance of the desired mean radiant and air tem peratures in the area. Since heat losses through the various parts of the structure constantly, tend to lower these temperatures, heat distributing units should be so placed and regulated that their output will replace the losses when and where they occur. If 80 percent of the room heat loss occurs through a cold wall or window area, then 80 percent of the input should be introduced in or directed toward that area. The term radiator is generally confined to sectional cast-iron radiation. Cast-iron radiator types may be column, large-tube, small-tube or wall. The term convector refers to a heat-distributing unit which operates with gravity-recirculated room air, is surrounded on all sides by an enclosure having an air-inlet opening below the heating element, and an air-outlet opening above the heating element. The terms baseboard and baseboard radiation refer to steam or water heatdistnbuting units designed for installation along the bottom of the walls feP"cm6 the conventional baseboard. They operate with gravity-recircu lated room air, and have a substantial portion of their frontal face surface directly exposed to the room. f teTm finned-tube refers to steam or water heat-distributing units a ncated from metallic tubing with metallic fins bonded to the tube, in ,?erate. gravity-recirculated room air and are designed for staiiation without enclosure, or with open-type grilles or covers, or with closures having top, front, or inclined outlets. HEAT EMISSION vertufm %kVa^er heat-distributing units emit heat by radiation and con- are din ~Vse beat-transfer processes and the factors that affect them Portion a,1? detail in Chapter 5. In general, those units having a large radiatin iL 611 *lea*?d surface exposed emit a larger portion of heat by concealed ^- un*^s having their heating surfaces completely or partly The output of a heat-distributing unit is expressed in units of Btu per 595