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White Lead for Many Purposes Gives Lasting Service LEVEN years ago, in the E middle of a cold winter, the exterior of the Methodist Episco pal Church of Greenwich, Conn., Inside and Out, on Wood and Metal, White head Paint Performs Remarkably of this white lead interior is more remarkable when it is considered that it is in a school, where wear and tear on painted walls is gen was painted with pure white lead erally great. paint and has not been repainted since. It is a wood In Stamford, Conn., just a few miles from Green building erected in 1868 and dedicated the following wich, a new post office was erected in 1915. It is a year. That it has not been painted in eleven years, despite the extremely adverse conditions when last painted, is a strong testimonial to the quality of both brick building with a wooden cornice which is dec orated with bright colors and gilt on a background of light colored paint. Pure white lead paint was workmanship and materials. So far as can be de termined, this building has always been painted with white lead, which probably partly accounts for the excellent performance of the last job, for the old white lead already on the wood offered a firm foun dation for the new paint. Another Greenwich building wherein pure white lead paint has given an excellent account of itself, but for an ntirel" different purpose, is the Have- meyer School. Seventeen years ago the entire interior was painted with pure white lead, mostly flat finish. It was not repainted until two years ago. This demonstrates the economy of using the best paint for interiors, for white lead can be repeatedly washed and its good appearance maintained for years, COURTESY GREENWICH PRESS Havemeyer School, Greenwich, Conn., in which flat white lead paint did not require repainting for fifteen years. whereas cheap flat paint washes off and can not be washed clean, for dirt imbeds in its surface and the paint becomes streaky. The fifteen years of service used for this work, also, when the building was built. A visual inspection made in August, 1934, nineteen years after painting, showed the paint was in such good shape as to give the impression of com paratively recent repainting, yet no repainting has been done since the original paint was applied. White lead was put to still another use on the Greenwich Trust Co. building, where it has again proven both its versatility and durability. Metal sash was the only exterior work requiring paint. It was painted with pure white lead for all coats in 1926 and has not been repainted in the eight ensuing years. Wood sash and trim in the Greenwich Y.M.C.A. was also painted with pure white lead, in 1929, and is not yet in need of repainting. Examples of the excellent serviceability of pure white lead paint might be continued almost indefi nitely, but those cited demonstrate the variety of application to which white lead can be put and the great durability of this premier paint pigment no matter what the use. Climate in Connecticut is far from easy on paint, for temperature variations are wide, winters severe. Near the sea, salt air adds to the hardship of paint. pu bl is h er s ' ph o t o s er v ic e Methodist Episcopal Church, Greenwich, Conn., last painted eleven years ago with pure white lead paint. All of the work described here was performed by the Newton Decorative Co., of Greenwich, Conn., a [2] LIA25289 White Lead in Window Sash Joints Best Prevents Decay PUBLISHERS PHOTO SERVICE Stamford, Conn., Post Office. White lead has endured on the wood cornice without repainting for nineteen years. firm which has long relied upon pure white lead paint for the bulk of its painting and decorating. The Company is now being operated by its second and third generation of Newtons and has always been known for the high quality of its work. It seems to go almost without saying that those painters and decorators who are able to continue in business year after year are those who adhere to the old sound policy of giving only good workmanship and good materials for their customers' money. PUBLISHERS PHOTO SERVICE The wood trim of the Greenwich, Conn., Y.M.C.A., shown here, was last painted in 1929 with pure white lead. Have You Any Back Issues of LEAD? HE Library of Congress. Washington, lacks the Tfollowing issues of LEAD, which are now out of print. Have any of our readers any of these issues which they would care to send to us so that we can supply the Library's needs? Volume 1, Numbers 1, 3 and 5. Volume 3, Numbers 2, 4, 5 and 6. STUDY of the prevention of decay favoring A conditions in wood sash, conducted bv Mr. Albert Hermann, Research Engineer of the Western Pine Association, Portland, Oregon, has revealed that moisture absorption through joints is the prin cipal cause of trouble, and that heavy white lead paint applied to the joints is the most effective of the methods tested for preventing this undesirable absorption. The method of testing was to construct sash cor ners all uniformly painted so that differences in moisture absorption would be indicative of moisture absorption differences through the joint only. These sash corners, after various treatments as indicated in the accompanying table, were stood upright in 3/16 in. of water. A saw kerf 1/32 in. deep was cut into the bottom of each joint to break the paint covering at this point. These kerfs provided the only access of moisture to the joints when immersed in the water. Results are tabulated to show the number of days required for the test specimens to pick up 10 per cent in moisture content, the initial moisture content of all specimens being approximately 12 per cent and the final value 22 per cent. Time Required to Treatment Increase Moisture Content 10 Per Cent No treatment .................................................. 54 dav Dipped 10 sec. in water repellant A before assembly .................................................. 30 days Dipped 10 sec. in water repellant B before assembly .................................................. 47 days Dipped 10 sec. in water repellant A after assembly .................................................. 954 days Dipped 10 sec. in linseed oilafter assembly 16 days Joint surfaces brushed with aluminum paint before assembly ..................................... 17 days Joint surfaces brushed with heavy white lead and linseed oil paint before assembly 69 days Dipped 10 sec. in water repellant B after assembly .................................................. 18 days Dipped 20 sec. in water repellant B after assembly .................................................. 2154 days Dipped 30 sec. in water repellant B after assembly .................................................. 2054 days Dipped 40 sec. in water repellant B after assembly .................................................. 12 days These results indicate the marked superiority of white lead for the purpose. The white lead paint used was a pure white lead paste thinned with raw linseed oil to a consistency of rich cream. A small amount of Japan drier was added. All joint surfaces were heavily coated, and the joints assembled at once so that excess lead was squeezed out but all voids in the joints filled. [3] LIA25290 r ERE is ornamental lead work on a most attrac H tive residence of modest size and cost. Many people, including architects, are of the opinion that only the most expensive class of buildings warrant the expense of lead. Yet ornamental lead gutters, leader-heads, downspouts, friezes and flower boxes, all hand wrought, adorn this charming small home which cost only $12,000 to build. The slate roof, sheet metal work and ornamental lead work together An architectural gem, costing only fI2,000, on which hand wrought lead work is lavishly used for decoration. Hand wrought lead gutter, leader head, downspout and window flashing. Beautifully hand ornamei this charming, moderate ` [4] LIA25291 f Modest Size and Cost [ed only about 800. Certainly this indicates the beauty and distinctiveness of ornamental id is within the reach of almost everyone. . The house pictured here is the Ennis Jones resi lience at Glen Head, Long Island. It was designed jy Frederick Soldwedel, New York architect, who "also designed the exquisite lead work, and the lead rork was executed by F. C. Irwin of Rockville gfeenter, N. Y. Hand wrought ornamental lead gutters, downspout and win dow flashing add to the attractiveness of this lovely home. yn'*t* over a bay window on in a New York suburb. > >09. Hand wrought ornamental lead flower box and window flashing. [5] LIA25292 Lead Prevents Cracking of Stone on Large Court House UST before completion of the enclosing walls of J the magnificent new Milwaukee County Court House in the late fall of 1931, numerous cracks and some spalling developed in the facing blocks of the building. This was believed to be caused by uneven expansion and contraction of the structural steel and stone due to great temperature changes before the building was glazed, throwing excessive loads on the facing blocks. This often occurs where special provision has not been made for such a contingency. This situation seems to have been satisfactorily remedied by the insertion of Cowing Pressure Re lieving Joints (LEAD, March, 1932), which are cor rugated lead sheets wrapped in sheet lead envelopes. These joints, due to the softness and flexibility of lead, take up the movement in the stone facades and thus relieve or equalize the excessive pressures and prevent cracking and spalling. The joints were installed late in 1931 and no cracks have since been reported. One of the accompanying photographs shows a pier before installation of the lead pressure relieving joints. Cracks are visible in the pier and spalling at the lower part of the arch. Another photograph MILWAUKEE JOURNAL Replacing cracked facing blocks, Milwaukee County Court House. Milwaukee, Wis. shows the same pier after the lead was installed and the damaged blocks replaced. Pressure reliev ing joints were placed at the first floor level and just below the molded course at the spring line of the arch. These were the full depth of the facing stone at the joint. In addition, similar lead joints 2 in. deep were placed in the joints of the archways which had spalled. Pier at Column 95, Milwaukee County Court House, before installing lead joints, showing cracks and spalling of stone. The same pier at Column 95, after installation of lead pressure-relieving joints and replacement of cracked stone. [6] LIA25293 The stone was replaced and joints installed by New Phillipsburg/N.J./ PlumbS. M. Siesel Co. of Milwaukee, general contractors for the building. This method of equalizing the pressure was recommended by Albert R. Ross, of ing Code Requires Lead Milwaukee, architect for the Court House, and H. G. Balcom. structural engineer, of New York. Most of the more prominent, recently constructed steel and stone buildings throughout the country are equipped with this type of joint. NEW plumbing code, which requires lead waste A pipe under bathroom floors, lead bends and lead shower pans, and provides for strict licensing of master and journeyman plumbers after passing theoretical and practical examinations, was adopted by Phillipsburg, N. J., in March, 1934, and has Vie for Lead Loving Cups in since operated to the great satisfaction of all con cerned. This is in line with action of both master Joint Wiping Contest and journeyman state plumbers associations in New Jersey last year, which passed resolutions urging their members to work for a greater use of lead in plumbing systems for the mutual protection of the public and of skilled, competent plumbers. It is also in accordance with the entreaties of President John J. Calnan of the National Association of Master Plumbers, advising plumbers everywhere to see that the plumbing ordinances in their localities are brought up to date to give the public adequate health protection. Several sections of the new Phillipsburg code re lating to lead are quoted here: "All waste pipes under bathroom floors must be of lead and all joints on lead pipe shall be wiped joints." "All water closets having traps above the floor line shall be connected to the soil pipe by means of a lead bend or 6" of straight lead. No iron closet KAUFMANN" & FABRY CO. bends shall be used." Hand wrought lead loving cups given as prizes in the joint wiping contest which aroused intense interest at the July outing of the Chicago Plumbing Contractors Association. "All shower stalls, not having shower receptors, must have a sheet lead pan, under the entire floor of the shower stall, pan to be made of 6 lb. sheet lead." This section also provides for coating the lead pan inside and out with asphaltum, and requires Lead Covered Cable Silences a minimum pan depth of 6 in. Referring to examinations for licenses the code reads in part, ".............. the applicant shall appear Manhole Covers before said examining board and give satisfactory proof in theory and practice of his ability as a ATER Works Engineering for July 25, 1934, master plumber." Wreports that at Monticello, Fla., six feet of Richard W. Case, plumbing inspector, Harry two conductor No. 14 lead covered parallel electricTransue, representing the master plumbers, and wire is used to form a gasket for eliminating noise Clearmont Wildrick, representing the journeymen, made by manhole covers. A regular splice is made composed the committee which drafted and pre where the ends of the gasket meet. Since the wire is sented the new Phillipsburg code. This new ordi lead covered and rubber insulated under the lead, nance should provide residents of Phillipsburg with the two materials serve as a cushion. It is stated the most sanitary and permanently economical that the material has not shown any appreciable plumbing. At the same time, it will largely eliminate wear, and that the covers do not move under traffic. handymen and other incompetent persons from doing Another method of using lead to quiet manhole plumbing work in that city, and will therefore aid covers, as employed in Reading, Pa., was reported the plumbing business and raise the standards of in LEAD, March, 1934. - workmanship in it. [7] LIA2 5294 / Sheet Lead Shields Prevent Damage by Termites REVENTION of damage by P termites has become a live topic recently, not that the prob-^ lem is new but due to the pub licity it has received. Perhaps fication is suggested for metal termite shields: Sp e c if ic a t io n t o Pr e v e n t Te r mit e Da ma g e the most effective method of A metal termite shield made termite protection and one of 6 lb.* sheet lead shall be highly recommended bv the provided, continuing completely Bureau of Entomology, U. S. around the top of the masonry Department of Agriculture, is a foundation, including ail pillars, non-corrosive metal shield cap supports and piping. Where ping the foundation walls below doors, windows or other open all wood-work and extending ings occur, the lead shall be so outward and downward slightly laid that it forms a continuous from the wall. Since the metal Detail of lead termite shield for membrane completely separat of which this shield is composed simple frame construction. ing all plates, sills or other should be durable enough so timbers from the masonry foun that it need not be replaced during the life of the dations. The lead shall be 4 in. wider than the wall building, and since it must fit snugly against the and shall project outward and downward from the foundations to eliminate voids which might be used wall at a 45 deg. angle 2 in. on each side. It shall be as passages by ruinous termites, sheet lead is the lapped 3 in. at joints. Foundation walls that are so most suitable metal for the purpose. It is the most covered shall be leveled up to a true and smooth durable common metal and. being soft and pliable, surface and the lead shall be set in asphalt-base may be dressed down to fit the surface it covers mastic cement bonding the lead to the wall, so that snugly and evenly. no cracks or voids shall exist between the two. As an aid to architects the following general speci *4 lb. sheet lead may be substituted on small houses. Lead Hot Water Pipe Perfect After Fifty Years Use N 1884, lead pipe was installed on the cold water I supply of the Farrell house on North Craig St. in Pittsburgh. Just 50 years later a section was re moved and was found to be in perfect condition. The lead hot water supply, installed at the same time, is still in service and giving no trouble. This incident is reported by Weldon & Kelly Co., Pitts burgh plumbing contractors. It is cited here not as an exceptional occurrence, for almost every plumber has come across lead sup plies 50 and more years old, but as a typical example of how lead will perform as water supply pipe when properly installed. Obviously in this case as in so many others lead pipe proved a real economy, for it served 50 years, still going strong without repair. The pipe still maintains its original internal diameter so that today it delivers unimpeded the same volume of water it did in 1884, and the water has never become discolored from the pipe material. To get service like this from lead pipe all that is necessary is to install it properly with the skill and care of the experienced plumber. Every material must be used correctly in order to get the best out of it. With lead water pipes it is simply required to support them sufficiently (throughout the entire length on horizontal runs and every 2z/2 ft. to 3 ft. on vertical lines) and to protect them against mechani cal damage, particularly during construction. Then if wiped joints be properly made by a skilled plumber, the pipe is in to stay almost indefinitely. Wiped joints are the most positive type of joint because they can not vibrate or shake loose, being one continuous piece of pipe. They also offer prac tically no resistance to the flow of water. The flow of water through a wiped joint is truly stream lined and has been for centuries. ------ -.......... - THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION INVITES INQUIRIES ON ANY SUBJECT RELATING TO LEAD AND WILL BE GLAD TO COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS <*^40=----------- --- - - ----- -- *WS> LIA25295 ,QL'.*A NEW YO**