Document jyjo1bw7pO1wGjvVbqEEqq6y9

::f ' -'!$yac/b.X... .jAfv . /ttffX- (toft /fnc/*/ (?a% TtJ ISiBOollnncoun nr.sar& Ko. 2501 Application Ko. 33C2Q60 Sepfccc&e r 25, 1934, RSPORT on ai i . . LIQUID DILIZJOTRIG AITD C00LIK3 lHDIUUU C-cnoral LLoct.rio Co., Coiicncotacly, il. Y. f HONS 060221 WATER PCB-SD0000046957 i s TABLE OF C 0 H T EK T S Pago Ho. D ^SCn ^PTI OH .................. 1 CLA HIS L1ADE FOR TIES PRODUCTS.......................................... h OF DS TXO4L. .>b/LJN' Xl'l\ 1 J.OU B B . BB BBBBBBBB 4 kati on aid test record..................................... . 4 RECORD III SERVICE................................................................. 21 t::e suelittor.......................................................................... oOi'vW^jUSlOilS B * B B B B B B B B B B B B 21 22 F*ijb/ A TI OR - HONS 060222 r\>J p ?Cat G93 WATER_PCB-SD0000046958 iliaoollonoous Hazard Ho. 2581 Application No* 33C2060 Scptcabor 29, 1934. ,,, R3P0HT _ ' on- LIQUID DHaLDOTRIC AND'-COOLING ilEDIUMS- G-cncril Electric Co., Sohenootady, If. Y. JESG:I? !I03 P?CDUCTS CO 15T*r.-.-r by T~r" rlpor?: Liouiu diolootrj.o o.r.d ooolin^ mediate, "Pyrnncl iso a. 14V6, l4i0, 1435, ana 14-G0." G-r.r. ? CYiPicYrR and use : Tho products rliioh aro tiiv subject of this report ere niuturcrj oi* ohioriuatc-u hydrocarbons In d iffc rout pz'o portions. they tro palo yellow liquida'difforins carhcdly in re op cot to viscosity. i:hoy arc intended for ur.o ao diolcotria and cooling modiuns in cicatrical apparatus. "ryrnnol No. 1476" io ir-vbended for uso in cables end cane citore. Pyrnnol Nos. 1430, 1435, cal 1430 arc in tended --or use in transformer a, Noe. 1480 and 1485 reprecontiu^ two ertrenos in the proportions of the chlorinated hydrocarbons ana No. 1438 bolr^ the avora^o. MONS 060223 002G93 WATER PCB-SD0000046959 1H2 561 -2 y-'.RKIKS: . "Pyranol Nos. 1476, 1480, 1435, or 1488" atenoilod on oontaincrs. Z Z A I H M ADS FOR THE PRODUCTS The manufao turar claims that the produo ta aro a distinot improvement in liquid dialeotrio and oooling madia, aro nonflammable at ordinary temperatures, arid evolvo non- oxolooiva gaseous mixtures whan dooomooaod by the olootrio aro. , o Tho .following claims are quoted verbatim: "Pyranol ia the trade name of the General Eleotrio Comoany covering liquid dielectric and oooling media which aro non-inflammable and non-explo3ivo at ordinary temperatures and which even when deoomposed by heat or iho olootrio aro evolve only non-inflammable and non-explosive mixtures. Tho u3o of these improvod liquid dioleotrios offootivoly roraovoa the danger from fire and explosion horotofore inevitably as sociated with the use of tho inflammable end oxpiooivo oilo in olootrio design. . "The. Pyranols aro ohcmioally stablo, non-aoid- forning, non-sludging and of excellent diolectrio properties. Being characterised by high dielootrio strength and high di- elootrio constant, they are admirably suited for use in olco- trioal apparatus. The dielootrio constant of the Pyranola, being essentially of the came valuo as that of the solid insulation, insures a more oquitablo stress distribution when liquid duct a and oolid Insulation are arranged in series. The did stria oonstant, being moro than twice that of miner al oil, also insures a minimum of phycioal also por micro farad in oapaoitor design. ' . "Tito Pyranola have been in successful counoroiol ssrvioo in increasing amounts during the past three years. The valuo of these liquids as non-inflammable and noncxploaivo dielectric arul pooling media has boon demonstrated, "Tho firat comaeroial uso of the Pyranols in capac itor design was made in January, 19SI. Commercial appliont:.on of ryr-nol oapaoitora has .included tho use of Pyranol in all type 3 of service, inducing a-a power f so tor oorreotion, use on direct ourrent and high frequency circuits cud othor speoial c.or,lie ations well-suited to demonstrate tho reliability and effioienoy of tho Pyranol or.ps.citor. In tho larger capacitor sizes a total of more than QoOG Pyranol-filled units with a MOfcS 060224 nu nU uo1 00 WATER PCB-SD0000046960 UK2531 3 oapioiwi'' in cxoccc of 75,000 kva. have been manufactured and el'iyv-.-d ia addition to a total of more than 250,000 small kvsl Pyranol-fillcd oapaoitors for motor starting and motor runnings "The manufacture of Pyranol-fillod transformers bo gar. in llarch, 1932 und ha a shown a s beadily- increasing volume. To dote, moro than 150 Pyranol-fillod transformers have beon shipped, totaling in excess of 27,000 kva. "In the period during which oommeroial application of the Pyrcnola haa been made, clear evidence has boon ob tained of their non-inflammable and non-o::?locive oharaotcr, together with the advantages aooruing therefrom. As ex ample c, the :t ollcv;ing oarvice experionoes are oitod, one illustration Icing taken from oapaoitor, and the other from tranofoioacr, exporlcnoo. "A 720 kva., <'*-0 volt Pyranol capacitor was in stalled in n grain elevator. Dust accumulation bobv?cen tor mina la of tho controlling air circuit breaker eventually caused a severe aroover of considerable duration on the lino cido. f'even oapaoitor oacce were molted open by the heat of the c.v...rani arc. In tv/cuty other oacoa the capacitor fill ing plug v.ns m.-ltcd off. In ell cases tho T-yrannl was o;:po..cd to tho high berporaturo and uccompocition offcota of tho dec trio aro under, the most fuvorabio conditions for conflagration. In contract to tho behavior normally oxpootcu with mineral oil under similar oonditiona, tho Pyranol did not burn nor evolve explosive gasoB. "iixporioncc has shown that an arc at tho curfaoo of the oil in an oil-filled transformer represents the moc U U ccricuc condition favoring fire and explosion. Routine ex c.uii. '.cicn of a s or vice operating Pyranol-fillcc'. .subway trans former showed clear ovidoaco of such an aro having been prec ast, yet not only had the tranofoi'ccr not exploded with re- f.uiting fire, but tho transformer va3 a till operating cutic- iaotorily up to tho time of tho routine xuizination, The ere had burned oomylotcly away tho insulation on tho inocr.ing cable terminal, tho burning occurring at the surfaoo of tho j?yrancl liojiiu, without affcoting tho corvioo onorafelon of tho unit. "The reharhab.lo chcr.ioal and electrical stability cf tho ryranela as cviCenocL by their suococaful oonncreial application in electrical design, together with tho uonLnfln:___bio and nca-explosive behavior of Pyranol-fillcd crui;.i.;nt under the acst favorable coniitione for five and explosion, thoroughly substantia to a the ten years' hv' gncut and research pm gran of which thoeo produo to are the culnination." HONS 060225 002701 WATER PCB-SD0000046961 :::i259i ? I A S OP I IT V 3 S T. I G A T I 0 N The object of thin investigation was to dotaraino tho firo and onplocion ha sard of tho produo to. In.planning tho investigation consideration was given to th9 General Katuro of the products, tiioir Firo and Toxio Hazard, Corrooivo Aotion, Stability, and Uniformity. Tho Kiothod of investigation of each of thoao phases io rivon below, . Information aa to tho General nature of tho prod ucts v/ac obtained by means of Identification Teats. Tho fire hazard of. the products waa invoatigated in rerpoot v flammability, cuplocibility, ignition tem perature , and decomposition temperature. Tho products of decomposition were investigated in rcapoot to flammability and cnploeibil ity. Consideration v;aa also the toricity of the fuiuca produced on contaot with hot metal surfaces and clootric ares* The 'oats included Flashpoint clootrio aro3, and Tests of Truneforuere to Contraction. Corrosion Testa of the products on mo tala ootrmenly used in olcctrioal apparatus wero oonduotod. Information boaring on the stability of tho prod uct e wac obtained ire;-. Decomposition Ten pore turn Tee tc, Corrosion Teats, and consideration of tho ohenioal proper ties of tho products. Tho process for manufacturing the pro duo t a ic subject '..o delinito oontrol, and a detailed investigation of factory process was not therefore ooncidcrcd no oo sear;/. E 7. A it I i: A T I 0 It A IT E TEST RECORD DISC HI ITT Oil CF SilTPI/fa The r.":.:.ufc.c`.;urd.r furnlehtd G-g:'.l campion of the ^ io lisa lug x^roduo ws: TV-unol too. 1476, idSO, IdoG, and 1463. HONS 060226 002702 WATER PCB-SD0000046962 MZI2581 5 1C3FITTT1' OAT.VON TISSTS : . MTTIICLS Sneclflo Gravlty - The speolfio gravity was dotorminud 'ey moans of a pycnciSotcr. Vi doc city - The vicooBity of Pyranol ITo. 147 6 at 50 C(122 Fl was cTetorfflinod by moans of the Saybolt-Furol Viooocimotcr using tho method (DB8-33) of tho Amoriaan Society for Tooting Materials* .' The viobocity of Pyranol Kos. 1480, 1485, and 1488 at 37.8 0(100 F) was determined by moans of tho Se.yooltUniversa! Vicooeixaobor UEing the method (P88-33) of the Amorioan. Society for Tasting Materials. Iijrtillation Test - A 100-g, sample was distilled using tho mcTt'nou lJ?hU-hO) of the Amorioaa Sooioty for TooCing Materials, Ac (i i ty Aoidity woo do to mined'by mixing a 20-g. oample \vitli~u0 oo. of neutral ethyl aloohol and titrating with Il/oO potassium hydroxiuo solution using phcnclphthaloin co an indicator, Ina coidity was oaloulatcd ao por oont hydrochloric acid by weight. Free Ohiorit.c-r - A 5Qco. eamplc v.'as agitatod with 10 oc, of vrator In a separatory funnel, Tho aqueous ox tract was tree tod with aqueous silver nitrate solution and dilute nitrio toid, tho presenoe of ohloriue ions being indicated by the formation of a white prooipitate of silvor ohlorido, rotcrainatlon of Chloriro - Tho poroontage by weight of oomo'iheu dExorina was ifStorm in od by tho oothod of Cariuc. E3 CULTS , The rooulta of tho identifioation toots arc rooordefi in Tabic I. F7as:i soivt tfsts: I.CxITDL The flash point was determined with tho Penally h.rtous closed tester uciug the me thod. (D93-32) of tho American Society for Tooting liaterialo. HONS 060227 f\)j n>j `/1 03 WATER PCB-SD0000046963 Specific Gi.v.'ity p.t 15,6 3 (f.o T`{ Tu.o Ull_' 1) Vircc^f. ' Sr vb o 11 -Faro 1 a t to 0(122 f) Sc.t'oqI t-TTnl vc real c t 37.0 C(100 I ) i%Sff TABLE I RESULTS CF Tn-TCfJ*TCATtOT Tism Pyi r.nol Ko. 1476 Pyiap.ol 7, Ko. KOO . Pycansl Ko. 14e5 1.5401 1.5'22 1.5517 fipevf *y? TC a ^vr i Tog 7 51.2 ' -_ ...- 43.3 ~ 97.7 **%*#/&/* w?s ro/& ^*5 Pyranoh Ko. }' J 1.5644 53.9 551 List'l.lation Tost: ` In* tir.l Boil inj Point Torro.ro ti'.rc Bolo.v 235 0(455 F) 235 C(450 F) to 270 C{5LG F) 270 C( 51.0 D to 355.5 C(6?0 F) Above 355.5 0(690 F) 352.2 C(666 F) sraownt dintlllod - 72.1"^ by weight 24.0, j " n 205.6 C(404 FJ err'.n t d 1 r. t .11led 45.7;y by weight 5.1fa " " 0.14J* " 46,6 f, " " n 207.7 C(406 F) amount distilled 18. ifi by weight 10.0^ n " 0.5}> 65.9j* " * * 206.1 0(403 F) amount distilled 31*Of, by weight 9.7; n " 0.4$ ' 54.8$ " " i a. i Lnd Point RecKv.o Distillation Loan 374.4 0(706 F) 3. 5f) by weight 0.45 " " 391-.4 G (742 F) 395.0 C(743 F) . 396.1 C(745 F) 3.0^ by weight 4.0;o by weight 3.57a by weight 1.2;i " . , 0.9>S n B 0.6$ n " Acidity as ITCl,?cr Cent by Yieight 0,0017 0.0010 0.0018 0.0011 Free Chlorides Chlorine ebaent (1) pressr. t absent (1) vvircnt absent (1) presor ^ absent (1) presen t (1) Too percentago by v-elght of combined cV- ins core jponds closely to data furnished by the tnuiuf acturer ar d held r.a oun.fidon.ui i I5 I;: !;l ll I!'! HONS 060228 WATER PCB-SD0000046964 KH2531 -7- JESUITS The results of the flash point tests are as Toilers: Sniapl Ho, (2) Flash Point 14 7 5 ' ' 1420 " . 146 5 1438 . 232.2 C(450 F) 115.6 0(240 F) 118.3 C(245 F) 115.6 0(240 F) F.7 STS: METHODS Tho fire tecta wore made with the Cleveland open oup, using the method (D92-33) of the American Sooiety for Testing Materials. , RESULTS Sample Kos. 147 6, 1480, 1485, and 1-188 gavo nogstivc (s) re suit3 in the l'ire teats. (**) i tests: METHOD Tho apparatus oonsicts ssontiall'y of a oombus- ion ohanber currounded by a solder bath, whioh is heated t a constant temperature during tho test by a bun3cn urnor. The temperature of tho 3older bath is measured y means of a oalibratod thermooouplo provided with a quartz tubo to protect tho hot Junction. (2) in this connection, see Hoto 4. (3) In to mittsnt fleshes were obtained but tho product did not continue to burn. Tho cample '..as heated to boiling point; the test was thou dicooutinucv (4) In viov: of the negative rosulto obtained in the Fire Tests, it iu clear that the flash point test osr.not bo depended upon to give a true moo.ouro of tho firo lianura of these preduota. It was tharoforo neces sary .to conduct tests of tho crtploaicility of the vapors of tho produo to in spoolally-do signed appar atus* Sec page 10, ct.ooq.. HONS 060229 o' o' n ci- 002705 WATER PCB-SD0000046965 KH2681 C The oombustion ohanber oensisto of a quartz finale of ooniasl form .with flat bottom, 4-l/2 in, (11.4 cm.) in height, 2-2/c in. (6.D on;.) in diameter at bottom, and 1-1/8 in. (2,8 om.) in diameter at top. It is of about 160 go. capacity (rated capaoity 125 oc.) having a ratio of surfaoo area to vclumo of about 1.1. Idea our od tost samp Ion in the liquid phase arc in tro due oil into tho hoatod coiabuation ohamber by mct.no of a micro pipette. Different amounts of tho oanplo aro admitted to the chamber in suooocsivo tests in order to do toraino tho minimum tomperature at which tho vapor of tho lic^uid in any proportion with air will ignite. The residual' vapors or gases in the combustion chamber aro completely displaced by a stream of air in thG interval..between testa* " Ignition temporaturo tests were also 0onduo tod using a horizontal iron plato 10 in. cquaro and 1/4 in. in thickness, heated by a gas burner. TTaiusa and hot gasca from tho burner arc deflected from tho upper surfaoo ox' tho iron plate by a strip of sheet iron extending 10 in. beyond each side of tho plate. The dcflootor is bolted to tho odges of the plato, asbestos gasket3 boing provided at tho .Joint, k calibrated chi-omol-aluxol thoznoooupio (l'o. 14 Av.'g oouncetod with a potentiometer is used to mor.sura tho tem perature of the plato, the hot function of the thermocouple being brazed to tho center of the uppor surfmoo of the plato. Cheek mcasuromcnts of tho temperatures of tho plate are alco made employing an optical pyroaotsr of tho disappearing filament type. ' In conducting teste, measured esraplos (up to 10 co.) were dropped on tho center of tho heated pinto. A clow stream of,air'was applied to tho evaporating sample in some of tho tests. The minimum ignition temp oraturo waa deter mined by suooecsivo trial testa, during which tho iron plato was maintained at progrc-saivoly lower temp0raturo0. HONS 060230 f\;j WATER PCB-SD0000046966 122561 - 9 RrSUL'i'S The results of tho ignition temperature test a aro tabulated below: 1 So mol,3 I'o. 14-7 6 1480 1435 1433 . 571 553 539 633 (5) . Ignition Temperature O.unrta Flack " Col Iron Plate .m 0(1059.8 F) lag 3-4 SCO. 754 0(1389.7 F) 0(1027.4 F) " " " 714 0(1317.2 F) 0(1002.2 F) " w " 714 0(131^.2 F) 0(1027.4 F) " " n 716 0(1320.8 F) In tha ignition testa uning the heatod iron pinto tho oombustlon wna vary woak and did not show any tendonoy to propagate beyond tho Yioinlty of the hoatod iron curfaco". It will bo noted that there wau no con finement of the vapors in 'tho -testa with the heatod iron plats. (5) Tha main value of tho ignition teat la to do to mine tho minimum temperature required to preduoo igni tion under the moot favorable conditions in tho ab sence of a flare or spark, including ratio of vapor to air ana ratio of hooted surface to voiumo of vapor-cir mixture. Under loss favorable conditions a3 whan tho liquid is applied to a hot plate a higher temporatura for ignition ia required. A limitation of tho ignition teat in a omall veaaol 13 that it does not chon whothor flame propagation for any material die tanac will ocour. i After deter mining tho ignition tomperature therefore^lt _l.g_ n.coc_soary^to__obtain additional data having a bcar- ing_oa._<L'lnm~3_ .px^opag*. i lcn..^""Thci a a' 'data" are given'by tests with'hot plato and by flammability tests with cpeoially-dsalgnod apparatus. (6) Tho torn "lag" ia used to denote tho timo interval between tho introduction of tho sample end the appearance of flama. (7) Within experimental error tho optical pyrometer and tho thornocouplo gavo the same values for tho tem po raturo of the iron plate. HONS 060231 07 WATER PCB-SD0000046967 f ,Y.K25ei - 10 - F1JTMABILITY TESTS IU SP"CIJ7 AY-OISIC- D APPARATUS: , M3TKQ3 The apparatus consists of a cylindrical stool vessel 6 in. in diameter (internal) and 26 in. long. It is provided with a email mioa window and an outlet to the ataoaphere. The apparatus in hoatod externally "by gao burners. Openings are provided half way betwoen the ends of the voaosl to admit eleotrode terminals oonneoted to cn induction soil. The electrode terminals are spaced to give a spark gap of l/4 in. An iron-cons tan tan thermocouple connected to a po tontiomo f.cr is used for rough mocauroir.cnts of the torn- poraturo of the vapor inside of tlio vessel. Samples ranging in-volume from 20 to SO oo. v/ero introduced into the cylinder which had previously boon heated to a prede termined temperature. The outlet of tho cylinder was closed with a loose asbestos plug. Sparks were passed bo tween the oleotroda terminals at intervals of l/2 min. Residual gases and vapors wore displaood from the cylinder by a stream of air in tho interval bo tween tests, ' KE3ULI3 ` Samelp No, 1475 - Ho propagation of flame 00ourred c,t 'tecip`cTra'turos""u^* ''o 204 C (hi9.2 F). I-'latne propa gation with weak procour-.. -:ffoots (*'ust 'cuff ioient to push cabeotos plug from outlet of cylinder), occurred at 208 C (106.4 F). Moderate pressure effects'(asbestos plug throwa about 3 to 4 ft. horizontally from outlet of oylinuer) v/ero obtai_sd at tempera turea soxav/Jiat above 208 0(4-06.4 F). f?mole Ho, 1480 - Ho propagation of flaao oc curred at tuai'Crrturo2 ud to 108 0(226.4 F). Flame propa gation with weak pressure effects occurred at 112 0(233,6 F). Moderate pressure effoots ware obtained at temperatures somewhat above 112 0(233.6 F). S.t-iolc Ho. 1403 - Ho propagation of flr.mo ooourrsi at Veu/pTrutures up to 110 C*(230.0 P). Flame propa gation with v:cak pressure effects oocurred at 113 0(235 F). Moderate pressure offoots were obtained at temperatures somewhat cbovo 113 0(235.4 F). HONS 060232 WATER PCB-SD0000046968 1112581 11 Sw-.plc No. 1-12S - pro pace. tlon of flc.no oo- Curr-.u at Vc'\-~c~-}zavaaa up Vo 110 C(230,0 ?). Flams propagation with weal: pressuro effects occurred at 113 c (235.4 F). Moderate prcccuro effooto wore obtained at tempera turns oemowhat abovo 113 C(235.4 F). i '~rrr. tests: . METHOD ' The apparatua oonsists eacentially of a glaso chamber equipped, with a sparh gap and a stirrer. The chamber is cylindrical with tho iower ond homispherloal end is approximately 3 in, in diameter by 8 in. in height; it hue a net voluao of 1000 oo. tha apparatus is provided with u glass lid supporting the stirrer and tho loads to tho cpnri: gup near the bottom of tho chamber. An opening iu tho lid is provided for introduction of tho aanpio. Tho glace ohauiber is immersed in a molten solder bath to a depth of 6 in. In conducting to eta tho solder bath wac maintained at a constant ten oeru tune of 400 C(752 F), a measured quan tity of the liquid to be tented wac placed in the apparatua, and tho vapors stirred, Uparha wore then paacod at the cpurlc gap while; observations wire made for flamo travel cud pressure effeote, Following tho teat tho vaporc wars displaced by a clow stream of oompressod air in preparation for tha next'teat. . RESULTS Tho recv.lta of tho e::plor.:.vo rango testa of Samples Loo. 147 6 and 142 0 in air at 400 C(752 F) are ehown in lablo II. xrrr--r.gr-jpoj;! ie~ts; . .. method The apparatus docaribod in oennr.otion with igni tion. Temperature* Toots ,:ac used in these taste. The vapors evolved on introducing smpios into tho heated ohenbor wore tested with moist blue litmus paper, a change in the color of tho paper from bluo to red iuLicating doooapocition of the product. The- minimum temperature at which litmus paper chowod an appro.sir, bio chence in ooior within a short tine (3 min.) was considered to' bo tho decomposition temperature. HONS 060233 r\ n32709 WATER PCB-SD0000046969 !I TATI.! RSFSTr.TS 0** FK OS.ITS RA.I7G5 TZSTF- S.T:!ii,llO 1-0 107 G ldOO Tol"i'.0 UroC In Toiit CG. O.Ool 0-01-2 Lore r L'rit lb.Vnooripofi liquid per 10C3 Cu. Ft. of Air {Calculct-.il} 3. 69 4.09 Tor Cent by Voluro ( C'CU 1C. t ; 1 ) 1.0 1.6 V.' Ivne Used in Tort CC. 0.100 0.105 Upper L*mit Lb.Vaporized Liquid per .1000 Cu. Ft. of Air (Ccloul 0 ted) Per Cent by Voir.no (Caloulut M) 9.67 2.7 10.18 . 3.9 V/oa': prr- ..vv? effects were obtair.;d In these tost:, 3 would bo expeoted fox- ci'-turaa r the lit-'.' ; of fltcvrability. '' \ \ ro Ocni 1 sM-> I !. J: i 1 !! ii I; 11 HONS 060234 i I WATER PCB-SD0000046970 r> >-1 ::H2u8i 13 nrSUL23 ils suits of tho daoeaposition teupcraturo testa arc recorded in the following table. :p?.0 ffo. U7 6 1400 1435 1480 .. Dcoonponitlon f even era turc 300. C ( 572.0 !') 324 0(615.2 F) 3-10 0(644.0 F) 340 0(644.0 ff) TESTS 0? D^fCOin/OdT.lIO'.: products: LTJinOD Ho^Ix'on Surfaces - Tho oylindor previously dororibed v.nhVr rj. anudbYlYty 'recta in ipeeially-designed d.p pea: etna was ef,,so used for ciapoeins vapor-c.ii* tirfcurcs to hot iron surfaces. Connections for withdrawinr; cauplas of tho doccr.position produots for analysis were iuucrtcd in tl: outlet pipe, Iho cylinder vras externally heated to a Wnperaturo of 600 0(1112 V) by ^as humors. of tie product in tho liquid place were intro cawed iuv.o the looted cyli.v.icr at uniform rato. H.uplcs of tho deooL.pooiti.ou products wero withdrawn froa the outlet pipe anil hydrochloric acid, freo chlorine, ihocceu-j, carbon di or id o, owycen, parbon r.onor.ido , cases absorbed by bronino, and aothano and other paraffin hy drocarbon aoca, were dotornined using the following tothods. Hydro oh.lor io aoid was do to mined by abcorption with water and cub sequent titration with standard alkali roiution using methyl orange us an inC.ioc.tor. .1 coven- liter (.aiawle* v.ao ura\.rn by c. calibrated aspirator bettlo through absorption train consisting of throe spiral f:ru bubbling towers, Free chlorine interferes with tho d; tor.:; last leu and is removed by uioroury in contaot with i--o \*m bor in tno bubbxmg te were* to ate for froo chlori no :.vi*o node er' liborati cn of iodine 'ro;a aqueous potassium iodido eolation end cub- eeeuent titration with coiiuia thiosulphate ..elution ucinc eter eh solution aa an indioator. l ssvcu-litor eanplo u*u\.. ` C Z..i.1..0..x..'.Z...j.C..L. ' ` bottle through a train c.cncietaug of two spire 1 fo:;n bubbling >w; coutainauj potassium iodide solution. HONS 060235 CQli'i i WATER PCB-SD0000046971 UH2D61 14 Phosgene was dotomincd by absorption in aqueous aniline solution, Phosgene roacta quantitatively with, anilino to form dipher.ylurea, one molecule of phoegena l: ins equivalent to ono molecule of diphenylurca. A 15-1 itor snnplo waa drawn through a train of throe bubbling towore containing fro ahly proparr d nquooua anilino uolution caturn ted with diphcnyluroa. i'roo chlorine interferon with the do tormina ti on and v/an romoved by granulated antimony contained in a tube through whioh tho ecnple pascod beforo it ontorod tho bubbling towers. Tho prooipitato of diphonyluraa was separated from tho anilino colution by filtration, washed with ooli water, uincolved in ethyl alcohol, rccryctalliscd, dried, and woighei. Carbon dioxide, crycon, carbon nnnoxido, caeca absorbed by bromine, and methane, were determined in tho LIcorohcad form of can autlyais apparatus after treating the sample with Eilver nitrate solution to remove hydro chloric acid. ....... .............. .. Tho ap-;.-re.fur eenvists of a cy lindrical u to'w'l"v`ol`.bi'"lO in. in diameter (in tcmr.l) and IS in. hic'i. It in provided with a xvicill mica window and an outlet to tho atmosphere^ Opcicingrs era provided in tha vessel to admit two cieotrcdo holders, or.a holder being fixed and thef other movable, Tho ciootrcdcs' are copper rocs l/z in,'in diameter; their nrolrg to mimic arc horizontal, A oonneotion for withdraw!ns samples of dooompooiticn products for analysis iu inserted in tho wall of tha vessel. A mall cylindrical ccbtiiu.c o lumber for the re-oval of solid products of dcoompoaition io at tached to the campling connection. Tho eicotrodoc era connected to a 220-volt, d-o, teat cirouit, tho current being controlled by rccictcrc. An enmcter ic conneoted in tho oircu.it and a voltmeter is cmneoted acroca the electrode terminals. L ;:ampio of the groinsfc, about ID Ih. , wee plaocd in tho vocecl, tho arcing teraincla of the clcctrodcr being partially immersed in tho eaaplo. Tho aroing to rain:. Is wero located on the axis of tho cylinder, 3-1/3 in. above the bottom. A continuous are (170 ampcroc) was maintained botv/con tho electrodes until doetruotion of tho arcing > terminals (5 r.in. ). HONS 06G236 002712 WATER PCB-SD0000046972 1IK2531 15 . Suaplo.o of''hi: decomposition products v:cro wi fch- drav.n twntinuoucly during this period and tcatsifor phoc30no and ohlorinc using the acthods previously de co rib ed- Samples of the decamped tion pro&uatc wero also collected in evacuated, glace templing to.bec at tho eoncludon of tho teet and the chief eoncti ivuubs dc- teruined, employing tho following cathode. . llydroohlorio acid was dotoiuined by absorption in water and titration with ttanuurd alkali solution.. Carbon dioridc, carbon monoitido, orygon, gasoo absorbed by bromine, and paraffin hydrocarbon cases woro tested for, using the Uoorohoad apparaturs after treating the oample with water to removo hydrochloric aoid. Tv ate woro also conducted with tho aroing ter minals of tho eleetrodo3 2-3/4 in. below tho IgvoI of tho sampl6 in tho vo3ael. A 21-lo. cample of tho product waa used in these teats. The arcing terminals were located cn the a::io of tho cylinder, 2 in. from the bottom. A con tinuous aro (125 to 150 amperes) waa maintained between the electrodes until destruction of the arcing tsxvuinnla. Sam ples of tho deoompocition products wore withdrawn at inter vals during the teat (See Table. V) and the chief conetitaoafco determined using the n,, '.hods previously described. Fills wuls. riot Iron Sv. vf o e - The r suite of analytical to a to of tho decomposition prou'ucts arc ohown in Tab la III, y~.eetrio Arc? - The rosuits of analytical teste of tho d c colons icib'ii produotc in tho presence of an elec tric arc between terminal*: partially imnsrood in Scmplo I'oc. 1476 and 14S0 are shown in Table IV. The results of analytical tects of tho decompo sition products in the proeor.ee of an elcctrio aro between termin'.la immersed in Sample lion. 1476 and 1400 aro chown in Table V. T/JSTS 0? Th-.i~SFOR".TE~? TO T>TTV7.70TIOIT: LTjlTIODS The follov.'ing tostr. \v-ro eenduetea. a'; tho Pitts-' field, llaa Ec.ohu.se tts, plant of tho General Kicotrio Company. HONS 060237 C\ 02713 WATER PCB-SD0000046973 KK2581 16 - HONS 060233 o w. c Vi f. K o t-S CO' f-'c> l cmo l" CM CO o A cv} iH b -_________ --I. CO. Cj W' r0 3 1 foc* e* i- .too +s oi oa ee te r* Qe e eee t.i o o C o --oat o <' it oa oofO.i 'J HdO> e 1o f* Cj K t. , <r. P. 1 -M O o. c V( O to! t':i o *. c rS or; o r; o r,/ *, ,* **! r. K o o crs o ST r O `X ! J? <: ''i i , U 'c- P p o4 c; ^< iri.! P ci o t; fx .o .-i *> o (j po 1 "4 z 1s v ' to f'; o o U M too i 'Cl `--I Cl* 'w r*`; ft ,C Sli O r-* /j' u ru"3 1.0 Oo tj >, . ; (h - f. <; 1 r- C- cd 1 1 o ooo * CJ :C iM 002"714 WATER_PCB-SD0000046974 .( ftMTOTi IV o o ro oi (C) y,:- -i t'-'.J 0.00?. per oc::^ by .* I352H7I I , ! i 6 ii I i il -a s HONS 060239 !i J !i !' WATER_PCB-SD0000046975 1 o ro O'j R^-TX. or ATI. rrr tnsr*. .or- k"r ".o ;i^Tor rrooocu it nz rrrr,;v:- or r - :ruc arcs sc r.zv 7z~~-;-s rrrrHsro r; sr'riss or n'jv.ATH. - ~Z$ )'l. oftor Start of ? Hj '..-otblorlo Aolil C*vroon CaTbon Per Cent by Tolino m . m 07i;-.-n 36.9 0.0 0.8 12.4 Se- :.lo Bo. l'~< 0 r -*. afl>r Start of Toot --sTxX------ Sto.rt of T;:tt 62.0 69.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 7.4 5.7 9 Uln. ftor start of Test 17.7 0.0 0.9 16.0 G?.s-a AbccibeA by Bioclno 0 0 W (9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 l>nhKso r.r5 OtVr S itlO GT.C I-"*. V.- Ci l'I Kyd roc2"'*cKJ i* a ChU-Jr.o Pfcoi;; 1 0 * 0 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 Start of Toot to; 3} ;Mn. aftsr 1 Start of Tost 1 0.000 (91 trues o 0.0 -3 fllviSel ccrtac v-3 for--.ji. {91 Ii3i t- : i 0.001 par cant by roluno. . Sanolo Hr. 17R0 7.9 Min. after Start of Teot 10 Kin. after Start of Tont 60.5 . 62.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 7; 6 - 7.9 0.0 9.0 U Kin. i. ::n-r Start cf Taat 73.1 0.0 0.2 9.1 0.0 0.0 Stfirt of feet to 11 Kin. after St--t of t'st 0.000 (91 traoe 0.0 0.0 HONS 060240 !I I: WATER PCB-SD0000046976 MH25B1' 19 Two transformers, rated 60 cycles, 5 kv-a. , 2200- lhD volts, were employed, the interiors being designed for use in Fyrancl. laps were brought out from the outer layer of the 122-volt wind lug, arranged in suoh a manner that an cro could bp started botwoen the ooil and carbon blocks loon ted on the oore clamps. Trio carbon bio oh 3 wore ueod so that the aro oould be maintained more roadily during tho uroing toot. ' Steal subway tanka were used for these test trans formers in order to provide sufficient strength to with stand the pressure generated during the transformer failures. Free sure-tight covers were provided with glass pressure re lief diaphragms designed to break at not lesc than 10 to 12 lb. pressure per square inch. A visual pressure indicator was provided in the cover to show the pressure in the tank before the rolief diaphragm was broken. Pyranol No. 1488 was used in these tests. Short Circuit Test - The first transformer was prepared w'ith the arcing tips bent back' olear of the core and was oonrooted for teat as ehown in Fig. 1. The secon dary winding was chort-circuitod externally and the pri mary winding was oonnoctcd ocrooo a 12,000 kv-a. generator at I5C0 voito. Arcing T-rr-.t with Arc from C^l. to Core - The ' second transformer"was p'rc'pai'ca^v/fth the arcmg tipc bent to that they made light ooncaot v/ith the carbon arcing biooko and was oonnoctcd for test, as ahovm in Fig. 2, with tho primary and seoondary windings in p.eriea, Tho ooro, tank, and'the other high voltage lead v/ero oov...:oted to ground. The 12,000 kv-a. generator wao oonneoted so as to apply 7500 volts botween the ungrounded 122-volt load and ground. ` Tho transformers boforo tost are shown in Figa. 3 and 4. ' . .RESULTS Short Oirov-.it Tor,t I'o anpreoic.blo charge in pressure ws.kin tao tan: was noted for approximately 2 min. after current vac supplied to tho transformer, Tho pra&ouro increased fairly rapidly from thereon, and ap- proxitu.toly 15 see. later tho pro a euro rolief diaphragm ruptured at a pro a sure of about 12 lb, per c\. in. Cur rent wua applied to tho transformor for approximately 1/2 min. after tho. diaphragm ruplured. HONS 060241 02717 WATER PCB-SD0000046977 <ScC ossoa /?y AO ' /& \sar ys/A*o.-,v6 f '/k/krArt r eAt I 2200 yt>4.7WJSS>/A/<5 < A /soo v r fR/rtfArtr OA' ZZOO i/OAT Wsa/O/S/G HONS 060242 WATER PCB-SD0000046978 %** WATER_PCB-SD0000046979 WATER PCB-SD0000046980 MK2581 20 A largo volume of g'vses vag liboratod during the test. These gases did not ignita upon application of a test fla.no. Upon examination of the transformers after tho test, the ooilo wero found to bo severely burned. A^rojjs^Trrt wi *h Aro from Coil to Coro - Ko ap preciable onhago t"h pro & euro "v;.TtKTn th o tail: v/us noted for appro::imatoly 2 min, after current was cuppliod to the transformer. Prom then on tho pressure inorcascd slowly to about Q lb, per uq. in. and then inoreaesd rapidly to about Id lb, per so, in. before the pressure reliof diaohra.gLQ rupturod. The aroing stopped" shortly after ths diaphragm ruptured, Curront was supplied to the trans former for about i/2 min. after tho diaphragm, ruptured. A large volumo of gases was liberated during the teat. These gases did not ignito upon application of a toot xxamo, Upon examination of tho transformer after tho test, it v.-au found that area had boon established between tho arcing tips and the core. Thcro waa no, cvldonoo of arcing along the face of tho co.'l, COEflSIOl' ITSTS : !' LUTilOD i ^4 The me tala used in the corrosion tost s v.'cre oopper, yellow brass, iron, tin-lead solder, oopper and tin-load solder," and copper and iron ooupled. Tost epeoimans, 3/d -in. wide and 6 in., lcr.g wero out from ohcot3 of t: uetsls. The specimens wore buffed, measured, cloansed with soap and water, washed with ethyl aloohol and ethyl ether, dried, and weighed. ' Each specimen was imaorsed for half its length in a cample of tho product oontained in a glass tube provided with a corh stopper, Tho tubes "wore hoated to a temperature of 50 C in an oiootrioaily-hoatod ovon controlled by a ther mo c k. a t. The ocmpl0 3 wore onamiifod visually at v/cehly in tervals during tho tost for evidouses of oorrooion. At tho conclusion of the test, the specimens v/cro oloansed, dried, weighed and tho change in weight per oquare oentirnotor of surface cron crT.culs tod. HONS 060245 o n fv 19 9'J 1^. i k. -L WATER PCB-SD0000046981 lii-iisei - 20 A large volume c-x gases '.S3 liberated during the test. These gases did not ignite upon application of a tost flume Upon o::.?.mir.a tion of the fcrnncformoro after the test, the coils were found to be severely burned. Are 1 ng 'jV.et v.1 j.tb .Are f rum Coil to Coro - Ko ap preciable ohungs ui proaeuro wr'JuYrT'tLiO tan:; wa'a noted for approximately 2 min. after ourrent v.-as supplied to the transformer. From thoa on the pressure inoreasad slowly to about 8 lb. por aq,. in. end then increased rapidly to about 16 lb, por oo,,. in. before tho presauro relief dia phragm ruptured, The arcing stopped'shortly aftor the diaphragm ruptured, Current was supplied to the trans former for about l/2 min. after ths diaphragm ruptured. A largo volume of gases was liberated during tho teat, These did not ignite upon application of a ( test flame. ' Upon examination of tho transformer aftor tho test, it was found that eroa had been established between the arcing 'tips and the ocro. Tho re was no cviucnco of arcing along tho face of the coil. CO'''.7.15.10'.'! '!'35~S: 'TKQD Tho matsla us id in tho corrosion testa were oopper, yellow braes, iron, tin-loud colder, oopper and tin-lead colder, and oopper and iron coupled, loot epeoimcn:., 3/d in. wide and 6 in. , long were out from d hoc to of the metals. The Epee.''..ns were buffed, measured, cloancod with coap and water, washed with ethyl aloohol and othyl other, dried, and weighed. T.ao'ii epcoirusn was immersed for half its length in a aaaplo of tho product contained in a glees tubo provided with a oerk stopper, T1 c tv.bes were heated to a temperature of 00 C in an oiootrioaiiy-hGacc.il oven o on trolled, by a thor- noctat. Tho camples wore cur.ain'od visually at weekly intea*vales during tho tost fc r evidences of corrosion. At the conclusion :. tho teat , the specimens wore oloansod, drier, woignod ana tno cnc. ago in v/oight por squaro centi meter of :urfaco area oalcula tud. HONS 060246 WATER PCB-SD0000046982 1TH25S1 - 21 SUITS Uhon heated in Glass tabes containing Sample. Ko. 1476, 1'30, 1485, or 14SS of tho products r.t 90 C for 1608 hr,', opeoimons of coppor, yellow brans, oopper and tin-load solder, and coppor coupled with iron showed no vioiblo evidenoo of corrosion onoept for a alight dio* oq donation. of tho surfaces cbovo tho liquid. Spooimone of iron, iron coupled with coppor, and tin-load ooldcr showed no change in apooaranoo Tho ohango in weight of the opooi* mona was . very small (lees than 0.1 mg,por eq.. om. ). R' 15 COE? S 3ii n. V f. C 'e (These materials have boon in commercial service in incrc-acing amounts during tho pact thro a years. In a .value of these- lio.uids as diclootrio and ooclimadia has boon deuenstratod. t K f s u : :: i ? t o a the minufco turcr, the General Slectrio Company, Schor.ectady, lew Yovx, ia experienced in tho manufacture of electrical aponratuc and related products, many of their products being listed by Underwriters' laboratories. sraravipron o?. ?RC?ucr.:3 by tevDesytiesrs* iabora tores: The oroduots will bo olacod under Reexamination Service. HONS 060247 3-> u n u o L Ei' cO- WATER PCB-SD0000046983 * pVP = O 1 22 0 G I. .0 N ffiVTT7..\L 1T/.TJRS: Thoao products ar tain tursa of ohlorinatod aro matic hydrooarbono. lire results of the Identification 'foots indicate that tlio products aro mixturea containing combined ohlorino in amcunta corresponding oloccly to those stated by tho ma mud* uo turer. ? 7ZTZ 1:7) 7.77.7.0 K/^AED: Ihoeo products arc ncnflaarmtblo at ordinary tem i peratures. fhey arc capable of forming mcoorately ooa- i( M buebiblc and explosive mixtures with air UNJor laboratory test canditiena at higher temperature::, beginning at a temper turo level of 112 0(213.6 ?) to 113 0(233.4 F), in tho oaao of Pyranol i^oc. 1480, '1425, and 14.58, and 208 C (405.4 i?) in tho oaoo of Pyrdnol no. 1476, but under prac tical ooad*.tIona formation of oombuctiblo or oxplooivo mini-area ic regarded' e.a extremely unlikely, fho fire hannrd ic very email. . It rill be motel that the flash points of tho products- arc coL.pr.ratively high, and that a eo-callcd "fire point" rns not obtained. V.'hilo intermit tout flashes oc curred in this test, -tho produota did not oontinuo to burn, fho flash boint and co-'callcd "firs point" tests, partic ularly tho*latter, in tho'oaso of chlorinated hydrocarbons are of limited value ao a mearvuro of fire ha sard but aro useful for purooi'.cs of iconfcification. Ihe praotioal oicuif ir.rn.ee of the above tosta in tho oaso of tha produo ta in enaction ia that their fire hazard ic of a low order. HONS 060248 00 2724 WATER PCB-SD0000046984 23 Ac shown by the results of Flnr.urbillty Testa in Spcclaliy-ucsi gned Apparatus vapors of Pyrunol iio. 1476 iV lied to ignite or c::plodc in tests at 204 0(399.2 F) but vrea:c oombustion oo our rod in tost a at 20D 0(406.4 F). Vaporu of Pyranol lios. 1400, 1485, and 1408 failod to Ignite or explode in tests at 106 to 110 0(226.4 F to 280.0 I') but weak combustion occurred in tea to at 112 to 113 0(233.6 F to 285.4 F). Jaodcrato cxploaiono wore ob tained in tosta at temperatures somewhat above the so minimum values. At a temperature of 400 0(752 F) the lower limits of flammability (upv.uru propagation) of the vapors of Fyrunol ICos. 1476 and 1430 were found to bo 1.0 per cent and 1.6 pur cent by volume in air respectively and tho cor responding upper limits of flammability (upward propagation) were found to bo 2.7 per oent and 3.9 per cent by volumo. It will be noted that these aro comparatively narrow/ ex plosive ranges. The ainiav-jj im.'.tion tomweratnres of the products were found to bo 571 C(10o9.8 F), 553 0(1027.4 F), 539 C(1002.:. ... ) , and 553 0(1027,4 F) for Pyranol Nos. 1476, 1480, '..'OS, ar.d 1408 resoeotivoly as roooraed in tho results of Ignition Temperature Tacts. In tho ignition testa u;.:'.ry the heated iron r.o _a ^--o.w Geew.'Cl St. p.au'j bemu erntures below 714 C. At higher temperatures the oc.fbuct ion v.'ac vory weak and did. not propagate beyond the vicini ty of the heated iron curfaoc. In tho tests with electric aro3 the gases liber ated, oarbon nenoxido and hydrochloric acid, v/cre in ouoh proportions as to be nonflammable alone or mixed with air. It will be noted that in the oaso of mineral oil uneor similar condition, highly explosive gases would be formed. In the Tests of Transformers . to Destruction under both short-circuit and l roing coniitions, with Pyranol No. 1463 as the 'dielectric radium, tho gases liberated wore practically nonflammable. The.gases or fumes produoad by burning or de composition of the products by hot metal surfaces or elootric aros include hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, end in some trees a snail amount of phosgene. This will ordi narily constitute a toxic hazard only v.-hcro tho oondi tiono aro such as to cause eorafinenent of tho fumes aa in a cio...u room in which combucticn' or decomposition of the products is maintained by fire, highly hcatod surfaces, or cioetrio aros. HONS 060249 o, n o n. 7 i 9 A. 5 WATER PCB-SD0000046985 KEE581 - 24 - I It is to Vs noted in this connection that oils in common use at present to the dieleotrio medium for elca- triocl apparatus are readily corabustiVlo and whoa burning under conditions of rostrioted air suooly form carbon mon ocles in dangerous concentrations. . .' Yfhile phosgene is poisonous, our data indioato that tho o one en tret ions 2-ikeiy to result in tho failure of a trahefomor or other elootricol apparatus containing these produots arc no t liable to endanger lif o. . The resulting concentration .of hydrochlorio aoid in air when failure of a transformer. or other clootrical apparatus oentaining those produots ooours will depend largely up/-n tho conditions. It will oonatituto a toxio hazard only whore the oonditions are suoh as to oause a high concentration of the fumes as in a dosed room. The exceedingly unpleasant and irritating fumes from the decomposition of these preduot3 oven in aonoentrations of & very low order eot not only to givo warning of their presence but to prevent dangerous exposure of persons. 'While carbon monoxide is odorless and toxio its formation from tho so produo t3 is always aocoope.nl od by tho citoultar.eouo formation of hydrochloric aoiu gis which gives adequate warning of its prasonoc as brought out above. s. It will be noted that combustion and dcooopooition of the produots was maintained by heated surfaces (600 C, 1112 F)'or by an olcctrio aro in carrying out tho analytical tests of the decomposition produots. As shown_by tho re cults of tho Dccor.'iV'OSitlon Temperaturo Testa, .the ofoduots wore not appreciably decomposed at temperatures bolow 300 C(572 F). / / cohesive actiok? . ' Tho product.: do not corrode tho notals commonly used in electrical apparatus. no o orres ion occur rod in the tests conducted on representative autals and alloys aa recorded under Corrosion Teste. .. . It will ba no tod from the results of Analytical T-.-sts of Decomposition products that appreciable amounto of i^drochlorio acid are formed on oorabustion or decompo sition of the pro duo tc in the presence of hot natal surfaoca or electric arcs. HONS 060250 WATER PCB-SD0000046986 ft S 2 0 M It H DAT; C I! TO unD IZRCIRICAI AH3 FIRE 003 3 01? UUDSrATRI TLRS ' lASCRAIORIES: ' ' ' , V/a recommend promulgation of fcfto following notioo to cubacribcrs and tho aotion indioated thereby: Guido No. -540 14 September 29, 12^4 - Laboratories * Filo 11112501 General Liegtrio Co., Mfr., 1 River Road, Schenectady, 5. Y. Dialeotrio Hodiums Synthotio liquids intended for uoo as diolootrio and oooling trod luma in pleotriocl apparatus, particularly .tranaformoro, cables, and capacitors. ITonfiauiuablo and none::oloDive at ordinary temp ora rur os. Larfting: "!?yrcaol Noa. 1475, 1400, 1435, or 1430." Hated by Report - Further information is contained in a roport dated September 29, 19114, copy cf v.-hioh may be obtc.incd either from the manufacturer or from Undcrvrr iters' Laboratories. Li a to 4 - Re examination Service. Soe Coacription `of Re examination Service on guide ce.i. A. K Nne.tcila R. E, i'ufeur C. C. Clogs ton Hr vie '.vc 3. by: Anso.Chcm.Engr. '> ri.O Gnomical .uagx no or. riht foregoing Recommendation has been aoccpteu HONS 06C252 WATER PCB-SD0000046987