Document jyOVdkN76YpjvzbxOxqGRj4Bp

4U*Mft*fca '/~: J LIA230A5 wp - --:~ ......................-,-MJ^M.J.-^~.J.,.l^.--rr.aj,..,-:-d -.. n- ~ -X- ------T-.---'--- ---'^I.X--.-.' ' _' LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4*0 xxmsasotJOaOiWfeooa 6r East Itcnd street NEW YORK 17# M. Y. December 18, 1956 SUKIECTi LEAD IK STEEL To Member* of the Lead Industrie* Association! Alth<~ugh it Is far from e major use of lead, there is definitely an increasing interest in steels containing "n percentages of lead, both for fra* machining steels and more recently for forgings. For that reason we believe that you may bo interested In the attached reprint of an article frex STEEL magazine, October 29, 19S6, comparlrg rase of the properties of leaded and non-leaded steels, 7* hare a United sup;Iy of additional copies and will be glad to take care of requests for them as long as they are available. Very truly yours, Secretary-Treasurer. rin V A k W i'T iirtiiiiM i fYW"" I I n i l " nil 'f> -'.I. inw-'w^n swjmpi nr*-- WF* ' ' : LU230^6 Leaded Vs. Nonleaded Steel (C-1050 end C-1141) Brinell bardneu: Yield end tensile strength: Grain sac Charpy Impact: No ilgnifkant difference No significant difference A little smaller la loaded stool Transition temperatures average 22*F lower C-1050 FIN* LEADED 2000 f 1030 e 1000 2 MSO 8 u2 1600 1760 1700 MMTI T-r-r .u j :.i ;t I I 2 S4 3 *STM CHAIN SIZE Austenitic groins In leaded <wd nonleaded steels. White bon ere oM* How Much Does Lead Change Steel? It doet much to improve metallurgical properties tayt Inland Steel. Here are result! of tests on C-1050 and C-1141 steels. Impact transition tomperotures average 22 F lower METALLURGISTS tuw debited several questions since leaded steel* were Introduced, including: Does lead hurt tensile and yield strength? What about brittle frac ture? To get some answers Inland Steel Co., Bast Chicago. Indtested three heats of C-1050 and C-1141 steels, leaded and non* leaded. A. P. Weaver, Inland's senior metallurgist, gave ASM members the results week before last at their convention In Cleveland. Summarised above, they point up the fact that lead's benefits aren't restricted to machinability. Scope--To reduce the variation in the tests, two consecutive ingots mere taken from the middle portion of selected heats l>ead was sdded to one. The ingots were rolled into rounds. All lots were normalised at 1650*F, quenched in oil at )550*F. and drawn for 2 hours at 100T to check their Impact re sistance at higher hardnesses Impact--In the Charpy V-notch testa, most of the leaded samples showed Lnrer transition tempera tures than nonleaded ones of the same grade and composition. Be low the transition temperatures leaded steels had higher impact energies than bon*eaded ones; above, they had lower Impart values la all cases normalizing in creased resistance to impact- A quench and s draw gave still high er impact and lower transition tem peratures Results--Generally, you can draw these conclusions from Inland's tests: 1. Lead lowers the Charpy transition temperatures (It's probably due to the moderate grain refinement I 2. Heat trestment lowers the transition temperatures on coarse-grained C-1050 steel-- 15#F in bet rolling. SO*F after nor malizing and 50`F after quenching and drawing. 3. Lead refines coarse grained C-1050 steel. It has leas effect on floe grained material. Greater Spread--At the lowest temperatures the fractures of all samples were brittle. On all but the normalised, quenched and drawn, coarse grain series the fractures remained brittle up to about the transition temperatures The fractures became less brittle and more ductile while going through the transition range until at higher temperatures the frac tures were completely ductile. Brittle fracture diaapiwared com pletely at lower temperatures os the normalised series of both the coarse and fine grained C-1050 steels than on either the straight* hot rolled or the quenched and drawn aeries. Fracture curves generally agreed with the Impact energy curves Keyhole -- A series of Charpy Keyhole (impact) testa was made on the C-1141 lots In each of the four conditions (hot rolled, cold 9 W IUU> m\'*m WJ w rms* AJMj.ijiumP- HWWJIHcJiJI>g'i..Wlpl I 'UIU" i*rnhlitfh>ViJ>iiAgWiTiiM , >.-.j t'l *--- wm LIA23047 CRAIN MACnCf 90 NONLEAOCO mvffl; block show the pcadomlnont ond crosi-Hetched ones the mamum** How much does lend change afoot? Sample Hof Soiled Normalized Quenched & Drown C-1050 (Coarse Cahl l.odwi 160V Nonl.od.4 17S 115 laov 170 C-1050 IHm CroifO l*ad*d N*nlMd*d 110 100 45 55 30 45 C-1141 In M Nonleoded 30 55 C-1141 (Chorpy Keyhole! ImM -ao -10 Chorpy V-notch tronsHlon at 15 ft4b energy level II drawn, quenched usd drawn, and normalised), the leaded and nonleaded temples came aucccaaively nearer to having the aame impact energies. Inland aaaumea that it resulted from hot mill finishing practice. The 15 ft-lb energy l**l tted for ship plate la too tow for the normalised and for the quenched and drawn tot a. Inland concluded. Grain--Photomicrograph* of the teat sample* support the fact lh*t lead refine* grain atrueture. Inland'* work also aupporta the finding of othera on train refine ment and transition temperatures: They drop about 25*F per ferritic grain site number. Observation -- E. W. Huaemann. chief metallurgist, CopperweW Steel Co., Warren, O. commented that much more research like thla 5 Q l* needed on all grade* of alccl. It la hi* opinion that research will show that leaded and nootended steel* can be used inter* changeably. and that the machin ing properties of any steel are Im proved by the addition of lead. TChPOtlTtMC f A Chorpy V-notch Impoct tests on C-1141 steel, loodod ond nonleoded Tcawotarunc f + Chorpy ICeyho'e impoct testa on C-1141 steel, leoded ond nonleoded i.wwj npifijrinjfji w