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MMi~ssssiissssiipppp~i RRiivveerr PPooooll 22 IInntteennssiivvee SSt~uddyy ooff PPeerrfflluuoorroocchheemm~iccaalkss ~inn FFi].sshh aanndd W Wataeterr:: 22000099 8MMararcchh 22001100 & Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00000011 STATE02010400 STATE_02010400 AMiinnnnee5ss2oo0ttaaLaPPfooalyllleuutttitiooennRCCooaondnttrrNooollrtAAhggeennccyy SS5aa2ii0nnttLPPaaafuaulyl,,eMMttNeN R555o51a1d5555N--44o11r9t9h44 hitttpp::///fwuwrww..ppecaa..ssttaattee..mmnn..uuss 651-296.6300 or 800-657-3864 toll free: 651-296-6300 or 800-657-3864 toll free -TI-TI-YY 665511--228822--55333322 oorr 880000--665577--33886644 ttoollll ffrreeee Available in alternative formats Available in alternative formats AAuutthhoorrBssrauancndedMCCooonntnortnriibbuutotorsr.s Bruce Monson Laura Solem Laura Solem Poul Holt Paul Hoff Manin Hora Marvin Hora Pat McCann Pat McCann Wark Mark BBrriigggass Joel sins Joel Stiras Steve Delain Steve Detain ocument number Document number XXA:\N\SS--S5PPL144\\vvoolI11\\AAggeennccyy__FFiileles\sE\AEAOO\\PPFFCCDDaattaa aanndd RReeppoorrttss --PPrreefliimmiinnaarryy\\DDaattaa\\FFiisshh\\22000093 FFiisshhddaattaa\\MMiissssiissssiippppii River Pool 2 Intensive Stud\Misisipp Pool2 PFCs 2009 Final Report SMARLO docx River Pool 2 Intensive Study\Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 Final Report 8MARlO.docx 22229955..00000022 STATE02010401 STATE_02010401 `TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY... LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................. 2 ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION... wn -- " nb EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 6 MISSISSIPPI POOL 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 pA WHAT ARE PFCs AND WHY ARE THEY AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT? .............................................................................. 6 SE -- AMBIENT MONITORING OF PFCs BEFORE 2009 ................................................................................................................... 7 Warns - J - s WHY THIS STUDY? .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 METHODS .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 FSHCOUECTON..... sa A -------- FISH COLLECTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 WATERCOULCION r emer JY WATER COLLECTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Jr-- - - ee a LABORATORY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................... 9 QUAI ASURANCE ee -- --------) QUALITY ASSU RANCE .................................................................................................................................................... 10 RESANUDDILSCUTSSISON... 10 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 10 SAGE WAT SR ------ SURFACE WATER .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 . - - - n FISH ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Quay Assuronce un Quality Assuronce ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Spatial DistributionofPOSbySpecies. 1 Spatial Distribution o/ PFOS by Species ............................................................................................................... 11 TempoDistribution of 705 Concentrations. 2 Temporal Distribution of PFOS Con centr~tions................................................................................................... 12 ReltionsPhOiSlpevoelfs oh gender, age, and sie 3 Relationship o/ PFOS levels to/ish gender, age, and size.................................................................................... 13 BOACACTMER A0WAATER QTUALITOYCRNIA... 1 BIOACCUMULATION FACTORS AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA .............................................................................................. 13 CONP10AOHGRRLOSGKTOONSN... - - - 1 COMPARISON TO OTHER LOCATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 14 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 15 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 TABLES .............................................................................................................................................................. 19 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 37 A`AppppeennddixiAAx MMaapp ooff ffiisshh ccoolllleeccttiioonnss iinn PPoooll22 A`AppppeennddixixB8 RReesusltsuooflfPPtEFCCsss aannalayslisyoosfffiissshh ccoolllleecctteedd Iinn MMiissssiissssiippppli PPooool 22 nin 22000099 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 Ee Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00000033 STATE02010402 STATE_02010402 LiofTsabltes List of Tables Table 1 Ancillary information about water sampling stat(i2oJnulsy 2009) 1 Table 1 Ancillary information about water sampling stations (2 July 2009) ............................................. 19 TTaabblele22 PPFFCC cconocenntrcatioensniinnwtwaatrteerraaattt1122isatoattiioonnnsssiinnMMIissssisssiippppi PPooool l2 2s ................................................. 1199 TTaabblel3e3 FFiisshh ccoolllleeccttiioonniinn MMiissssissspipppii PPooooll22 BbYy MDNR MONA... .............................................................................. 2211 TTaabblel4e4 SSuummmmaarryy ssttaattiissttiiccssffoorr PPFFOOSS cCoonnGceennttrraattiioonnssbbyy 5sppeeiceiess iint POOl2... 2. Pool 2 .................................................. TTaabbllee'55 NNumuberomoffffissbhhcocelollleeccrtteedd eeaacchh EarBYSPECIES... year by species ............................................................................. 22 22 Ta6 PbUlAePROS CONGEMIBHONS Is... 3 Table 6 Published PFOS concentrations in fish ........................................................................................... 23 LoifFs igut res List of Figures Figure 1 LOCaON OF MSS POOL 2. 28 Figure 1 Location of Mississippi Pool 2 ...................................................................................................... 24 FFiigguurer2e2 MMisisisssipspiPiPooosoll 22ssseeiccttpiioonnpss aainnddWwaatteerr Ssaammppllee tations... 5 stations ............................................................... 25 FFiigguurer3e3 CComopamrisponoaoffrAAXYiYSS s(rreedod,, ttnoopp bbaarr]) aanndd 33MM ((bblluuee)) rreessuullttss orfor PPFFOOSSccoonncceentnrattiornasitinniwwoaatnteesrr ffrroomm 1122ssttaattioinosniisnnPPooooll 22;; eemmbbeeddddeedd ffiigguurree sshhoowwssAAXXYYSS Vveerrssuuss 33MM PPFEOOSSWwIitthh 1106... 26 1:1 line .................................. 26 FFiigguurere4& CComopamrisponaooffrAAXXYiYSS s(rreeod,, otnopp bbaarr))aanndd33MM ((bBluuee)) rreessuullttss ffoorr PPEFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss frroomm ssaammee ffiisshh h homoogenamtes:o;eemmbgbeeddddeeeddffiingguurreesasnhoowwtssAAKXeYYSS Vvseerrssuus:s33MM PFWithO1:10S... 21 PFOS with 1:1 line .................................... 27 FiguresDistibutonsof Figure 5 Distributions of PFOSbyspecieswithin PFOS by species within achSection each Section (1-4) (1-4) andall and all sections sections combined combined. .............. 2288 FFigiureg6uPPFFrOOSSeiinnSSpepceiceiess-SSeectcitioonnMMaattri;x;vveertrtiiccaall bbaarssaarree 4400 ppppbb aanndd 220000 PB... 29 ppb ....................................... 29 FFiigguurer7e7 DDisitribsutitonsroofif PPFFbOOSSubbyytyyeeiaarrfofoorrneeaascchh ssppeecciieess ((allll ectons).......cvvvevee: sections) ....................................................... 30 30 FFiigguurer8e8 DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonnss ooff PPFFOOSSbbyyyyeeaarr ffoorreeaacchh ssppeecciieess lliimmiitteedd ttoo SSeeccttioino&n4 ........................................... a34 Figures PROS concentbyrgeandteiroofenacsh species 2 Figure 9 PFOS concentrations by gender of each species ......................................................................... 32 Figure 10 PFOS concentrationbyage fo each species 3 Figure 10 PFOS concentration by age for each species ............................................................................. 33 FiFgiguurree 1111 PPFFOOSSccooncnentcratieonsnbbyytlelenrnggttahh ofotrreeaiacchohspsenpceicseiess ....................................................................... u34 FFiigguurree 1122 PFSconcbeypnercetnt rpiasfotr eaichsopecnies. PFOS concentration by percent lipids for each species ............................................................. 335 FiFgiguurree 1133RRelealtaitioonnsshhiippbbeettwweeeenn PPFFODAA ((CC1100)) aanndd PPFFOOSS ffrroomm PPoocoll 2 2 al(all ssppeecciieessaanndd sections) sections). . ................. 36 36 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 2 Minnesota Pollution Cantral Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00000044 STSATTAETE0_202001100440033 AAbbbbrreevviiaattiioonnss GGlloossssaarryy Groups PPFFCCss - ppeerrfflluuoorroocchheemmiiccaallss oorr ppeerrfflluuocrriinnaatteedd ccoommppoouunnddss. PPAASS:s --ppeerfrflluuoorrooaallli<yyll ssuurrffaaccttaannttss PPFCCAAss - ppeerrfflluuoorrooccaarrbbooxxvyllicc aacciidd PPFSSAAss-- ppoollvfflluuoorriinnaatteedd aallkkyyll ssuubbssttaanncceess FIO ~fluorotclomeralcohols PFETOARHS--fpleurofrloutoerlooamlkeyrlaalcciodhsols PFAAs - perfluoroalkyl acids IInnddiivviidduuPaallBA perfluorobutanoic acd (CA Acid) PPFFBBAS--- ppeerrfflluuoorroobbuuttaanneoiscualfcoidna(tCe4 (ACc4idS)ulfonate) Pipe - perfluoropentanoic acid (C5 Acid) PFBS- perfluorobutane sulfonate (C4 Sulfonate) PFPeA - perfluoropentanoic acid (C5 Acid) PFA PFHxA -~ppeerrfflluuoorroohheexxaannaoiicc aaccidd ((CC66 AAcciidd)) PFS PFHxS - ppeerrfflluuoorroohheexxaannee ssuullffoonnaattee ((CC66 SSuullffoonnaattee)) PPFFHDpAA - ppeerrfflluuocrroohheeppttaannooiicc aacciidd ((CC77 AAcciidd)) PPFFOOAA--ppeerrffluuoorrooocotcantoaincaoacicidcd ((CC88AAcciidd)) PPRFOOSSp-eprefrlfluuoorrooooccttaannee ssuullffoonnaattee ((CC88 SSuuflfoonnaattee)) PFOSA ~ perfluorooctane sullonamide (C8 Sulfonamide, PENA ~perfluorononanic acid (C9 Acid) PFOSA - perfluorooctane sulfonamide (C8 PFNA - perfluorononanoic acid (C9 Acid) Sulfonamide, PPFFDDAA --ppeerrfflluuoorrooddeeccaannooiicc aaciidd ((CC1100 AAcciidd)} PPFFUURnAA~- ppeerrfflluuoorroouunnddeeccaannooiicc aacciidd C(C11ll AAdcdid)) PPFFDDOoAA -~ ppeerrfflluuocrrooddooddeeccaannooiicc aacciidd ((CC1122 AAcciidd]) branched] branched) Other Abbreviations Other AFFE aqueous Abbreviations AFFF aqueous fiirreffiigghhttiinngg ffooaamm EECCFF-- eelleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall fflluuoorriinnaattiioonn FFCCAA -~ffiisshh ccoonnssuummppttiioonn aaddvviissoorryy MMODHH -~ MMiinnnneessoottaa DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt oof[ HHeeaalltthh DDNNRA -- MMiinnnneessoottaa DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff NNaattuurraall RReessoouurrcceess WWWWTTPP--wwasatsetewwataeterrttrreeaattmmeenntt ppllaanntt MMiissssiissssiippppii PPooooll 22 PPFFCCss 22000099 + . MMaarrcchh 22001100 s Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control A~ency 22229955..00000055 STATE02010404 STATE_02010404 EExxeeccuuttiivvee SSuummmmaarryy Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) emerged asaglobal pollutant n 2001 when scientists reported pPeerrffluoorrooocchteamniecaslusl(lPoFnCats)e e(mPFeOrSg)ewdaass maegalsoubrael dpoilnluwtialnitfine t2h0r0o1uwghhoeunt stchieenwtoisrtls.reNpuomreterdous studies hpaevrefldueomroooncsttarnaetseudlftohnaattePF(OPSFiOsSt) hweparsimmaearsyfuroerdminofwPiFldC lfifeouthnrdouinghfiosuhtatnhdeotwhoerrldb.ioNtusm. e30ro1uCsomstpuadnieys's ChoatvteadgeemGroonvsetraftaeidtt,haitnPthFeOSsoisutthheeapstriemrnarTywfionrmGiotefsPFMCetfrooupnodliitnafnisAhreaan,dwas a other maior biota. m3aMnuCfaocmtpuarneyr'sof PCFoOttSagferoGmrotvhee 1950's to facility, in 2th0e02s.oTuhthee3aMsCteortntTawgeinGrCoitvieesfMaceitreopdoilsitcahnarAgreesat,rweaatsead mpraojcoersm s waantuefarcatundrer of cPoFoOlSinfgrwoamtethreto19o5o0l's 2toof20th0e2.MTishseis3sMippCioRtitvaegr.e Although the Grove facility fdiascchtargdeissctorentaitenudedprporcoedsusctwiaotnerofaPnEdOSin 2c0o0o2li,ngthweaftaecrilttoy Pdiosocl h2arogfethceonMtiisnsuiesssitpopihaRviveerm.eAalsthuroaubglhetPhFeOfSacciolintcyedntisrcaotinotinnsu.edPopolro2ids ucationenarolfyP3F3OSmiilne r20e02,aothfcethhfaecMiliitsyssdsisicohpiarRgievecrobnetintuweesentLoohcakve& Dam 1.and measurable LPoFcOkS& Dam 2. The Metropolitan concentrations. Pool 2 is a Wastewater nearly 33 mile TreraecahtmoefntthelaMnitss(isMseitprpoi Rplivanetr)b,etthweeleanrgeLsotckwa&stDeawmatierantdreLaotcmke&ntDpalmant2.inThMeinMneestorotap,olaitlaon dWiassctheawragteetros TPoroelat2m, eanndt alsoPlanth(aMsemteroaspulraanbt)l,ethle leargovefsPteOwSalsiteswtasteefrfltrueenatt.mWeansttpelwaantteinr Mcainnnbeesoatsai,gnailsfoicadnistcshoaurrgceesotfo PPEoCosl 2b,eacnadusaelstohehsaes cmheemaiscuaralsblhealveevebleseonf iPnFcOlSudineditisnaeffwluiednet.raWngaestoefwcaotnesrucmaenrbaenadsiingdnuisfticraianlt psrocudruccetosf tPhFaCtscbaencaevuesnetuthaellsye bcehedmisicpaoslsedhaovfeinbemeunniicnicplauldewdasitneawawtiedre sraysntgeemso,f Tchoinssurempoerrtadnodeisndnuotsterixaal mine the products tlhoaadticnagnfervoemnptousaslilyblbeesdisoposuoedfroPfFiCcnsmeouPnoisocilpa2l,wbautstreawthaeterrfsoycsutseems so.nTPhEisCsreipnoirsthdoaensd nwoatt eerxafmroinme the WloiasdiisnsgiforopmRivpeorssPiobolel 2s,oubracseesdoonfiPnFtCesntsoivPeoomlo2n,itbourtirnagthceormfpolceutseeds ionnthPeFCssuimnmfiesrh of 2009 and water from Mississippi River Pool 2, based on intensive monitoring completed in the summer of 2009. Since 2004, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the Department of Natural Resources (rS(MMionODcmNeNRPR2)o0),o,0lww4i2,i.ttthhhAenppaaMrirtntiitincceniinpepsaaisttvoiieotsoanntuPoodfofylttlhouhefteioHHPneEeaCCalsltothhnitDDrfoeielspphAaargartentmmndecewynnatt(tMe((MPrMCDDwHAHa))s),,achhnoaadmvvpteehaleneatanDeladelyypzziaeendrdttmhffieiseshshnutaamonnfmddeNrrriiavvteeuorrfraww2la0aR0tt9eee.rsrofOfouofrrrctPePheFsFCCss f3r6o7mfiPshooaln2a.lyAznedinfternosmiv2e0s0t4udtoyporfesPeFnCts, 297 w in fish earned cwolalteecrtwedasinc2o0m09p.leItendadidnitthioen,suwm atmeresraomfp2l0e0s9.wOerf ethe c3o5l7leficsthedaantal1y2zesdtaftrioomns 2t0h0r4outgohporuetsPeonot,l 229i7n w20e0r9e. cToollecchtaerdacitner2i0z0e9t. hIne sapdadtiitailondi,swtraitbeurtisoanmopflePsFCwseirne Pcooolllec2,tetdheatr1e2acshtawtaiosndsitvhirdoeudgnhtoouftoPuorosle2ctiinon2s0,0w9i.tThoScehcatiraoncte1raizteththeemospsattiuapl sdtisrteraibmuetinodnaonfdPSFCesctinio4n aPbooovl e2,tthheeHraesatcihngwsaDsadmivi(dLeodci&nktoDfaomur2)seFctioinsg2, wuoiftrhtheSeecmtaioinn Ireaptotrhtesmhoowsst usepcsttrieoanmboeunnddarainedsaSencdtion 4 waabtoevre sthaempHlaesltioncgastiDonasm. (Lock & Dam 2). Figure 2 of the main report shows section boundaries and water sample locations. Afi and water samplos were analyzed fo PFCs by AXYS Analytical Ltd. Fo qualityassurance, water Asallmfpislhesanfdrowmaatlelr1s2atmaptlieosnswearneda3n0alryazneddofmolry-PsFeClsabcytdAXfYisSh samples wero Analytical Ltd. aFonr qaulaylibtyzyae3sMsdurEannvcier,ownametenrtal Lsaabmorpaletsorfyr.omThaelli1g2hsdtaetgiornese aonfdda3t0a rcaonrdreolmatlyio-snebleetcwteedefnisthhesawmoplelsawbeprreovaindaelyszceodnfbiyde3nMceEnntvhiroenqmuenatyal oLfatbhoerarteosruylt.sT.he high degree of data correlation between the two labs provides confidence in the quality of the results. The highest water concentraotfiPoEnCswerefound in Section 4 in particular, Station 11. Tpehrefhliugohreosbtuwtaanteicr caocndce(PnFtrBaAt)iownassodfePtFeCcstewdearte afolu1n2dstinatSioencs.tioFnO4S,,inppearrftlicuuolraorc, tSatnaotiioena1ci1d. (PFOA), and pPeerrfflluuoorroobhuextaannooiiccaacci(dP(PFFHBAA))wwaserdeetdeectteecdteadt inall S1e2ctsitaontison2s,3.,PaFOnS,4,pewirftluhotrhoeocHitagnheosict caocnidce(nPtFrOaAti),onasndin Speecrtfliuoonro4.hTehxraeneooicthaecridPF(PCFsH--xPAF)PweeAr,e PFBS, andPFHS --were detected in Section. detected in Sections 2, 3, and 4, with the highest concentratiot~s irr Section 4. Three other PFCs--PFPeA, PFBS, and PFHxS--were detected in Section 4. PFO wasdetected in nearly all fish from Pool 2. The highest PFOS concentrations infish coincidedwith hPFeOShiwghaesstdewtaetcetredcoinncneentarrlaytiaollnfsisihn fSroemctiPoo4on.l 2O.tThehre hPFigChseestrPeFOdSetceocntcedenntrafitisohntshaint hadfish higher coincided with tChoencheingthreasttiownasteofr PROS. Of the five concentrations intSaergcetitoend4f.isOhtshpeerciPeFsCisnwPeoroel d2e---tebcluteedgiiln sfiusnhfitshha,tcahrapd, hfrigehsehrwater dcrounmc,enstmraatliolmnosuotfhPbFaOssS,. and whitebass freshwater drum Of the five targeted fish species in hadPoolt2h-e-bhliugehgesiltl sPuFnOfSishc,onccaernpt,rfarteisohnws,atDerrum hdarudmn,otsmbeaellnmosuamthplbeadssp,raionrdtwoh2i0te09b,absesc-a-furseeshtwisatneortdcrounmsihdeardetdhe thyipgihcealstpPoFrOtSficsoh.ncBeansterdatoionntsh.e.Drum had not been sampled prior to 2009, because it is not considered a typical sport fish. Based on the Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 Minnesota Pollution Control Asency ~innesot~ Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00000066 STSATATTEE0_202001100440055 MMDDNNRRs's oobbsseerrvvaattiioonn tthhaatt tthhee ddrruumm iiss aa ppooppuullaar ffiisshh hhaarrvveesstteedd iinn PPooooll22 ffoorr hhuummaann ccoonnssuummppttiioonn, iitt wwaass iinncclluuddeedd aass aa ttaarrggeett ssppeecciieess iinn 22000099.. The MDH has developed a reference dose for PFOS thatis used as the basis for fish consumption advice. TMheeanMDPFHOShacsodnceevnetlorapteidonasreinfeirsehncbeedotsewf4oer0eaPFnnOdS2th00atpaisrtussepderabisllthioen b[apspisb)foarrfeisahssciognnseudmmpetaiolnaadvdivcicee. oMfeoanncePpFeOrS wceoenkc;enbterattwioenesn i2n0f0ishanbde8tw00eepnpb4,0tahnedad2v0i0cepaisrtosnpeemr ebaillliopnerIpmpobn)tha,reaansdsiagbnoevdem8e0a0l papdbv,icdeo nooftoneacte. piesrhwceoenks;ubmepttwieonenad2v0i0soarnieds8w0e0reppmbo,dtihfeieadfdovircePiosaoln2ebmaseeadl onpertmheon2t0h0,9arnedsualbtso.veFr8e0s0hwpaptbe,rdo dnrotumeaht.adFisthhecohingshuemstpPtiFoOnScaodvniscoernietsrwaetreiaomnosddiwfiaesdtfhoeroPnoloyl 2fisbhassepedcioensthineP2o0o029 raessusltsi. gFarneosenhdewamteesr! per month adiisory basedon amean PFOS drum had the highest PFOS concentrations per month advisory based on a mean PFOS concentration of and was the only concentration of 229fish 229 ppb Smallmouth species in Pool 2 ppb. Smallmouth bass also haamedan assigned a one meal bass also had a mean POS concentration of 209 ppb when data from 2004 to 2009arecombined; however, mesl advice is oPFtOSgicvoenncfeornttrhaitsiosnpeocif e2s0i9 pPpobolw2hebnecdaautsaeforonm ly c2a0t0c4ht-oan2d0-0e9leaarseecfoimshbiningesd;alhloowweevder, meal advice is ( not givet n forhtehaie sltshpestcaietx se imnnP.ouosa l/2ivbsefceahs /ufsseho))n.l)y. catch-and-release fishing is allowed NNoo ddiisscceerrnnaabbllee ttrreennddss wweerree sseeeenn iinn PPFFOOSS oovveerr ttiimmee ffoorr ssppeecciieess tthhaatt hhaadd bbeeeenn ssaammpplleedd ssiinnccee 22000084 oorr 22000055.. PPRFOOSScocnocnecnetnrtarattiioonnss iinn ffiisshhmmususcclleewweerree nnoott ccoorrrreellaatteedd wwiitthh ifisshh aaggeeoorrsisrizee,, aanndd tthheerree wwaass nnoo fdieffreerennccee bbeettwweeeenn ggeennddeersrs.. BBiiooaaccccuummulualattiioonn ffaaccttoorrss ((BBAAFFss)) wweerree ccaallcuclualteadtffeoodrr PPFFOOSSusuisinnggtthhee wwaatteerr aanndd ffiisshh ddaattaa.. BBAAFFss ffoorr PPFFOOSSwweerree iinntthhee rraannggee ooff 44000000 oto 66000000 Kg, L/Kg, wwhhiicchh sis tattthhee llooww eenndd ooff tthhee rraannggee ooff hhiigghhllyy bbiiooaaccccuummaulslattiivvee ccoommppoouunnddss.. Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 5 Minnesota I~innesota P Poolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrroo~l AAggeennccyy 22229955..00000077 STATE02010406 STATE_02010406 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn MMisisssiissssiippppii PPooooll 22 Wissssipi Mississippi iver River Pool Pool 2 ((FFiigguurree 11)) eexxtteennddss ffrroomm LLoocckk && DDaamm ##22 aatt HHaassttiinnggss,, MMiinnnneessoottaa,, uuppssttrreeaamm nneeaarrllyy 33 miles 0 Lock & Dam #1 (Ford Dam). The Mississippi confluence with theMinnesota River sat the. u33ppmerilers teo LaoofccPko&ohlD2aman#d1t(hFeorcdonDfalmue)n. cTehweitMhistshiesSstip.pCi rcooinxfliuevnrces jutwith belowLock & Dam 2. the Minnesota River isWaittthhien Puopople2r,reaavcehraogfePaoonl 2nalnoudwtahies caobonufltue1n5c,e00w0cituhbtihcefeSett. pCerorixseRcivoenrdis(fjus)s.t Pbeollow2iLsoacrkec&eiDvaimng#w2a.tWerithfionr tPhoeolla2r,gaesvterpaugdeliacnanluya-lofwlonwediswaasbtoeuwta1t5e,r00t0recautbmiecnfteepltapnetrisneMcionnndes(coftsa)., thePool M2etisroaproelcietiavninWgW-wTaPte,rwfiotrh tahnealvaergraegsetdpiusbchliacraglley-oofw1n8e5d mwialsiotenwgaaltelorntsrepaetrmdeanyt(p2l8a6ntclin),MainndnetshoetaEa, gthlees MPoeintrtopWoWlTitaPn, WwiWthTPan, with aatv1earvaegreagdiesdchisacrhgaergofe4o.f21m8g5d.mTillhioen3g1alCloonmsppaenrydCaoytt(2a8g6eGcrfso),vaendfatchlletyEiagnleesxtPtooi,ntaW ndWdToPw,nwstitrheaanm of, tahveerEaaggeledsisPcohianrtgWeWoTfP4..2 Tmhged3. TMhfea3cM ltyCdoimscphaanrygeCsoitntadugsetrGiarlovperofcaecsilsitywaistenrexatntdo,coaonldindgowwantesrtr,ewaimthoaf, tchoembEiangeleds fPlooiwntofW8WmTeP.. The 3M facility discharges industrial process water and cooling water, with a combined flow of 8 mgd. W Whhaatt aarree PPFFCCss aanndd wwhhyy aarree tthheeyy aann eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall ccoonnttaammiinnaanntt?? PPeerrfflluuoorroocchheem miiccaallss P(PFFCCs)s--)-a-allssoo kknnoowwnn aass ppeerrfflluuocrriinnaatteedd ccomopomunpds---o-aarrueecconommpdpoossseedd ooff aa ccaarrbboonn cchhaaiinn saturated with fluorine atoms, witha functional group at the endof the chain. The functional groups are: tsayturpatiedacswuailthflofnlluatoyerin(e-5a0to;omr)s,acwaritbhoxayfluinccaticoindaglrgoruopup(-aCOt OthH)e.eTnhdeoffutnhceticohnaaling. rTohuepfumnackteiosntahlegrPoFuCps are tsyopluicballelyina wsautlfeorn(ahteyc(r-oSpOh~i)lco)r,awhcaerrbeoaxsytlihceacciadrgbroonucpha(-iCnOmOaHk)e.sTthheefuPnFcCtimoonlaelcgurloeuspolmubalkeesnthliepiPdsFC (siopluobphleiiinc)waantderre(shiysdtraonpthtiolicw)a,twerhe(rheyadsrotphheobciacr)b.onThcehauinniqmuaekeprsotpheertPiFesC omfoPlFeCcsulheasvoelubbeleeninexlipplidoisted for numerous (lipophilic) caonndsruemseisrtapnrtodtoucwtsa,temros(htyndortoapbhloybficir)e. Tfihgehtuinngiqfuoeamp,rospteairntiepsrootfecPtFiCosn,haanved nbeoensntiecxkplsouitrefdacefos r numerous consumer products, most notably fire fighting foam, stain protection, and non stick surfaces. PFCs "are globally distributed, environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and potentially harmful" (PGFiCessy"aarnedgKloabnanlalyn,di2s0t0r2ib).uteAldt,heonuvgihrotnhmereenatarellynapteurrsailsltyeonctc,ubriroiancgcfulmuourlaintiavtee,daonrdgapnoitcecnotimapllyouhnadrm s ftuhla"t c(GonietsayinanadneKfalnunoarinn,e2a0t0o2m).,AalltlhFoCugshitnhtehreeearennvatuiralrlyaorocecanuntrrhimnrogpefolugnoenriintca.te(dGiocrsgyaannicdcKoamnnpaonu,nd2s00t2h)at Vcaornitoauins toonreifleunodrpinoeinattsom ha,vaellbPeFeCnsmineathseureendviirnolnamboernattoarrey astnutdhireospaofgePFnCics.. (AGciceosrydianngd tKoaann2a0n0,72M00O2H) pVraersiosurseltoeaxsice,eonbdspeorivnetsd ehfafveectbseoefnlmoweadsousreesdofinFlaObSoriantcolruydestduedcierseaosfePdFhCgs.hAdcecnosrdhiyngpotoprao2t0e0i7n MDH cphreolsessrteelreoalse(H, DoLb)searnvdecdheafnfegcetss ionftlhoywrodidosHeosromfoPnFeOlS iencvliundeseoldmesecreaansimeadlsh.ighBiodleongiscitayl membranes lipoprotein are prcihmoalreislteyrcool m(HpDoLs)eadndofcphhaonsgpehsoliinptihdysr,owidhihcohramroenaemplehvieplshiinicsomomleecaulneims.alsT.heBiaomlopghiicpahlilmiecmpbrorapneretsyaorfe PpFriCmsamriilgyhctoemnphoasnecde cell membrane p of phospholipids,ewrhmicehabaireiotafm y pothhipehrilpicolmluotalenctsu,letsh.eTrheebyaminpdihriepchtillyicipndroucpienrgtyadovf erse effects caubsyoethder chemicals (Waentag, 2009. PFCs might enhance cell membrane permeability of other effects caused by other chemicals (Wang et al., 2009). pollutants, thereby indirectly inducing adverse Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the predominant PFCfound in mstfish (Houdeetal 2006). Fish fPreormflucoornotoacmtainnaetseudlfaorneaatsem(aPFyObSe) aisstihgenipfirceadntomsoinuracnet oPfFCdifeotuanrydPRinOmSeoxsptofissuhr(eHo(uBedregeert aelt2a0l,062)0.09F)is.h The ffriosm t rceoponrttamofinPatedFaasreOgalsom Sbaaly cboenatasmiginniafinctanitn swioludrlciefeowf dieatasrtysudPyFOfSunedxepdobsyur3e Giesy (Berger and Kannan, et al., 2009). The f2i0r0s1t). When report ofPPFFOOSScaosncaegnltorbaatliconosntaarme ihniagnhtiinnfwisihldtliifsesuwe,aostahesrtuldoyngfucnadrebodn-b<yh3aM in (PGFiCess,ysauncdh asKannan, p20e0r1f)l. uWohreondePcFOaSnaaccloiendc(eCn10tr)a,tiaornesoaftreenhdigehteicntefids.h tDisesteucet,iootnhleirmilotsnggecnaerrbaollny-crhaanignePfFroCms2,.5sutchoas5. npaenrfolugorraomdsecpearnogircaamci(dng(/Cg1)0,)o, arpearotfstepnerdbeitlelcotned(.ppDb)e.teRcattiohnerlimthiatsn gbeeninegrallilyporpahinlgiec firkoemm2a.n5ytoot5her persistent organic pollutants nanograms per gram (ng/g), persistent organic pollutants (POP), or parts (POPs), several studies have suggested that per billion (ppb). Rather than being several studies have suggested that PFCs are lipophilic PFCs are proteinophilc (Conder like many other proteinophilic (Conder etal. 2008). PFOS behaves very differently from other POPs, having differences in intinsic factors, such aest saul.r, f2a0c0e8a)c.tiPvFiOtyS, bweahtearvessolvuebirlyitdyi,ffneoren-nmtleyafsruormabolteheorctPaOnPcsl,/whaatveinrgcodeiffffeirceinenctesvailnueins,triannsdicrfealcattoivrsel,ysluocwh as surface activity, water solubility, non-measurable octanol/water coefficient values, and relatively low Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 A4ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency ~innesot~ Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00000088 STATE02010407 STATE_02010407 bcbioioonaascciccduuemmurulealadattiiPooOnnPpp(ootWteaenntnigtaiealt.la. lDD.eesspp2i0itt0ee9)tth.heessee ddiifffeerreenncceess,, PPFOOSS bbiioaocaccumcuulmautelsiainntffieissshh ttiissssuuee aanndd iiss considered a POP (Wang et al., 20091. AAmmbblieenntt m moonniittoorriinnggooff PPFFCCss bbeeffoorree 22000099 TThhee MMPPCCAA ssuummmmaarriizzeedd aammbbiieenntt mmoonintitoorriinngg tthhrroouugghh 22000088 iinn PPFFCCSs iinn MMiinnnneessoottaa''ss AAmmbbiieenntt EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt:: 22000088PPrrooggrreessss RReeppoorrtt ((ttp/ ww ca.state.mn.usfpublications/c fc1-02.54f). Inaction to fish, the rreeppoorrtt ccoovveerrss PPRFCC mmoonnititoorriinngg iinn ggrroouunndd wwaatteerr,, ssuurrffaaccee wwaatteerr,, wwaasstteewwaateterr,, aanndd ar.). In air. addition to fish, the FFiisshh iinn PPooooll 22 wweerree ffirrsstt etesstteedd ffoorr PFFCCSs Iinn AAuugguusstt 22000044 aannddffisshccolollleeccttiioonn ffoorr PPFFCCss hhaassccoonnttiinnuueeddeevveerryy y9Yee5aa0rr neegxx/ccge)eppattn22d000o07n7.e. IIcnno22m00p00o44s,,i tPPeFFCCsss wwaeermreeopddfefelttoeeueccrtteewddhininttethhbeeaffsiilllelfeittslseootfsf ttwwoo (PFO ssmmaallllmmoouutthh S: 138 ng/g). bbaassss in 2 ((PPFFOOSS:: 105 105 005, 2006, ng/g anngd/g and and 2905008,nga/dgd)iatnodnaolnteesctoemdpfoisshitsepseacmieplienoclfufodeudr wwahlliteeyeb,acssarfi,llecthsa(nPnFeOlSc:at1f3i8shn,gb/lga)c.kIncr2a0p0pi5e,,2s0m0a6l,lamnoduth a2s0s08,,wahdidteitiobansasl,tessmtaeldlmfiosuhtshpbeucfifeasloin,celumdeerdalwdahlilenyeer,,caarnp, gcihzaanrndelshcaadt.fisFhi,lebtlatciksscureaspapmiep,lsems raallnmgoeudth rombass, ownheitetobfaisfst,eesnmfaisllhmeorutshpebcuieffsa.loA,necimlearrayldmesahsinuerre, maenndtgsiziznacrldudsehdadl.enFgitllhe,t wtiesisguhet,saamgep,leasndrasnegx.edIn 2005, the from one 2005, the highestPFOSconcentration was in to fifteen fish per species. Ancillary highest PFOS concentration was in white bas, with a rangeof 4 ng/tgo 1860 ng/g. measurements included length, weight, age, and white bass, with a range of 84 ng/g to 1860 ng/g. In 2006, sex. In In 2006, s5smm1a5al0lllmnmgoo/ugu.tthhSbbmaaasslsslhhmaaodduttthhheebahhsiigsghhheeasstdt PPtFhFeOOSShiccgoohnnecscetennctotrrnaactteiionontnrwwaataissoininnassmmgaalilllamnm2ooi0uut0tnhh8,bbaabssusst,, twwhiietthhraaanrrgaaenngwgeeasooff 1199 nngg/g/ttgoo C5o1n5s0idnegr/agb.lySnmaarlrlmowoeurththbaanssnh2a0d0t6he(PhRiOgSh:es4t9cnonfce0ntr3a8ti0onnagg)ain in 2008, but the range was considerably narrower than in 2006 (PFOS: 49 ng/g to 380 ng/g). 12006, background concentrations of FCs fish were estedbysamplitnhge upper St. roi River (above the t. oi Fas dam) and Lake Calhoun in Minneapolis The PFOS concentrations infish from In 2006, background concentrations of PFCs in fish were tested by sampling the upper St. Croix River (above the St. Croix Falls dam) and Lake Calhoun in Minneapolis. The PFOS concentrations in fish from tthheeSSt.t. Coriosix,,a easxpexepcetcetedd,, wweerree bbeellooww tthhee ddeetteeccttiioonn lleevveel.l. iInn LLaakkee CCaallhhoouunn tthhee bbulueeggiilllss hhaadd PPFFOOSS concentrations of 161 to 373 ng/g, prompting additions akemonitoringinthe following year. concentrations of 181 to 373 ng/g, prompting additional lake monitoring in the following year. In 2007, ONR's PEC monitoring in fish focuseodn30Twin Cites metro lakes, lower St. Croix River, and hIne20u0p7p,erDNiRs'siPsFCpimoinvietorrinne8arinBfriasihnefordc.usievdeolnak3e0s--TEwlimnoC,itiGeesrvmaiest,roHalarkteis,,loJowhearnnSat.,CarnodixTRaivnenr,earn--sd thhaed ufipsphewriMthisPsFisOsSipcpoinRceivnetrrnateiaornBsrgarineaetrder. Fthivaenla2k0e0sn-g-E/gl.moLa, kGeeErvmaios, hHaadrtriheet, hJioghhaenstnac,onacnednTtarnatnieorsn-o-f PFS, ranging from had fish with PFOS PFOS, ranging from 149 ng/g to 711 ng. Inthe concentrations greater than 149 ng/8 to 711 ng/g. In the Upper Misissopi River 200 ng/g. Lake Elmo had Upper Mississippi River earBrainerd, PROS. the highest concentrations near Brainerd, PFOS of ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn ffoouurr ffiisshh ssppeocciiees rraannggeedd ffrroomm oonnllyy 66 nngg/g/1tgoo 1188 gn/gg/g.. 1In aaddddiittiioonn ttoo tthhee mmeettrroo alakkee sasammplpeless aannaallyyzzeedd bbyy AAXXYSS AAnnaalylyttiiccaall LLdtd,, ffiisshh hhoommooggeneanteasftfrreoomms 5595 llaakkeess ffrroomm tthhrroouugghhoouutt ththe ssttaattee aanndd several Mississippi River locations were sen totheUSEPA lab in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Delinsky etal. 2010}, USEPA's analyses several Mississippi River locations were (Delinsky et al., 2010). USEPA's analyses lookeda bluegill sent to the USEPA looked at bluegill andlab and pumpkinseed sunfish, and in Research Triangle Park, pumpkinseed sunfish, and black North black crappie. Carolina crappie. TThhee ssaammpplleess vweerree mmsotsltlyyccoommpopsoistiteess ((oonnlyy tthhrreeeeoofftthhee 7700 ssaammpplleess wweerree ssiinnggllee ffiillleettss)).. TThheeiirr hhiigghheesstt rreeppoorrtteedd PPFOOSSccoonncceenntrtartioantsiwwoeenrrsee iinn bblluueeggiilll ffrroomm PPoool22(o(2200l0000 ng). ng/g). UUppsstrreeaamm ooffPPooooll 22, tthhee hhiigghheesstt PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn wwaass 2200 nnegf/g.. TThheeiirr rreessuullttss ffoorr llaakkeess rraannggeedd ffrroomm PFFOOSS leessss tthhaenn ththe lliimmiitt ooff Quantitation (L0G 1ng/g)to. high of 52 ng/g; 52 ofthe 59 lkes (885) had PFOS concentrations fess tqhuaann3titnagti/ogn (LOQ - 1 ng/g) to a high of 52 ng/g; 52 of the 59 lakes (88%) had PFOS concentrations less than 3 ng/g. 1In 22000088,, PPFFCC ssaammpplliinngg iinncclluuddeedd 2222mmeettrroo aarreaa llaakkeess aand2n2alakdkeess nneeaarr DDuulluutthh,, iinn aaddditiionttooimmooronere: sampling in Pools 2nd3 ofthe Mississippi Aver. Thirteen of th lakes, ot including Calhoun and Elmo which again showed high sampling in Pools 2 and 3 (which again showed high PFOS of the PFOS concentrations), had species-mean PFOS concentrations above 40 Mississippi River. Thirteen of the lakes, not including Calhoun and concentrations), had species-mean PFOS concentrations above 40 ng/g. Elmo ng/g. TThhrreeee llaakkeess----TTwwiinn ((BBrrooookkllyynn CCeennteterr)),, HHaarrrriieett,, aanndd LLaakkee ooff tthhee IIsslleess----hhaadd ssppeecciieess-mmeeaann PPFFOOSS Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 A4ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 ;-7- M3i4ninnneessoottaa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAsgeennccyy 22229955..00000099 STATE 02010408 STATE_02010408 ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnssaabboovvee 220000 nngg//gg.. IInn PPoooollss 22 aanndd 33,, aonneettooffiivvee ffiisshh ppeerr ssppeecciieess wweerree aannaallyyzzeedd;; bblluueeggiilllss aanndd ssmmaallllmmoouutthh bbaassss aaggaaiinn hhaadd mmaaxxiimmuumm PPFFOOSScocnocnecnetnrtarattiioonnss ggrreeaatteerr tthhaann 220000 nrigg//gg,, aalltthhoouugghh tthhee ssppeecciieessmmeeansaiinnnPPosoooll 22wweerree 117733 nngg//gg ffoorbblluueeggiilllssaanndd 116622nngg//ggffoorrssmmaallllmmoouutthh bbaassss.. W `Whhyy tthhiiss ssttuuddyy?? TThhee MMPPCCAAsis lleeggaallllyy rreeqquuiirreedd tos to list wwaatteerrss aassImimpapiarireedd iiff tthhe ffiisshh ccoonnssuummppttiioonn aadvdisvoryiffoorsraaoalakrkeeoyorr rriivveerr that is more restrictive than a mealperweek (Minn. R. pt. 7050.0150, sub. 7). Pool 2 has been listed as tihmapat iisremdodrueeretsotPriFctOivSeinthfaisnh asimnceeal20p0e8r,wbeaesked(Moinnna.oRn.cpet.pe7r05m0o.n01t5h0a,dsvuibsopr.y7)f.orPobloul e2gihlassibne2e0n07l.isted as AimddpiatiiroendalduPeFCtodaPtFaOwSeirnefiswharsrianncete2d0g0i8v,ebnatshee sdmoanlal osnacmeplpeersimzeosnotfh faisdhviisnoyreyafrosr pblrueigtooills2i0n0920a0n7d. because bothwater Additional PFC data because both water and fish PFOS concentrations are needed to were warranted given the small sample sizes and fish PFOS concentrations are needed to establishsitespecific water quality of fish in years prior to 2009 and establish site-specific water quality icrtiteeiraia,. MMPPCCAA,, MMDDHH,, MMDDNNRR,, aanndd 33MMstsataffff mmeett oonn 1133 MMaayy 22000099 ttoo ddiissccuussss tthhe iinntteennssiivvee mmoonintitoorriinngg ssttuuddyy ooff PPooooll 22..33MM ssoolicliteid caapiprrootppoeossadall ffoorraa ssttuuddyy ffrroomm tthhee ccoonnssuullttiinngg ffiirrmm,, Ent, Entrix, wwhhiicchh wwaass tthhee bbaassiss ffoorraa ddiissccuussssiioonn.. TThhee MMDDNNRR oofffefrreed oto ccoolllleecctt tthheeffiisshh aanndd MMPPCCAAwwaanntteedd ttoo oovveerrsseeee tthhee ssttuydy;; tthheerreeffoorree,, iittwwaassaaggrreeeedd tthhaatt MMDDNNRR wwoouulldd ccoolllleecctt tthheffiisshhaanndd MMPPCCAAwwoouulldd ccoooorrddiinnaattee tthhee llaabboorraattoorryy aannaallyyssiiss aanndd aannaallyyzzee tthhee rreessuultltss.. 33MM wwaass pprroovviiddeedd wwiitthh ssppilitt ssaammpplleessooffffiisshh aanndd wwataer ofotrr aaennaallyyrssiiss iinn 330M1'ss EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall LLaabboorraattoorryy ((mmoorree ddeettaaiillss uunnddeerr MMeeththoodds)s.). M Meetthhooddss FFiisshh CCoolllleeccttiioonn FFoorrtthhiiss ssttuuddyy,, PPoool 22owwalass ddiivviiddeedd iinnttoo ffoouurrsseeccttiioonnss ((FFiigguurree 22)),, bbaasseedd oonn tthhee pprrooffeessssiioonnaall jjuuddgmgmeentnootff JJooeell tSitirraass,, MMDDNNRR FFiisshheerriieess;; aanndd wweerree aaggrreeeadd ttoo bbyy tthhee rreepprreesseennttaattiivveess ffrroomm MMODHH,, MMPPCCAA,, aanndd 33MM.. DDeessccririppttiioonn ooff tthhee ffoouurr PPooaoll22 SSeecctitioonnss:: SSeeccttiioonn 21::33..66 irivveerrmmilileessffrroomm FFoorrdd DDaamm ttooccoonnfflluueennccee wwiitthh MMiinnnneessoottaa FRiivveerr. SSeeccttiioonn 22::99.:55 irivveerrmmilileessffrroomm ccoonnfflluueennccee wwiitthh MMiinnnneessoottaaRRiviveerrttoo lloowweerrcchhaannnneellttoo HHoogg LLaakkee aanndd PPiigg'ss EEyyee LLaakkee,, bbuutt nnoott iinncclluuddiinngg HHoogg aanndd PPiigg''ss EEvyee llaakkeess;; MMeetrtrooppoolliittaann ((MMeettrroo)) wwaasstteewwaatteerr ttrreeasttmmeenntt ppllaanntt aanndd HHoollmmaann FFiieelldd asiirrppoorrtt aarree iinn tthhiisssseectcitioonn.. SSeeccttiioonn 33::1133.7.7 rriivveerr mmiilleess iinncclluuddee HHoogg LLaakkee aanndd PPiigg'ss EEvyee LLaakkee aass wweellll aass iRvivre,r, BBaallddwwiinn,, MMooooeerrss,, aanndd SSoprriinngg llaakkeess aanndd LLoowweerr GGrreeyy CClloouudd SSlloouugghh.. SSeeccttiioonn a4::44..77 rriivveerr mmiillelss ttoo LLoocckk && DDaamm 2#2 iinn HHaassttiinnggss;; EEaagglleess PPooiinntt wwaasstteewwataeterrttrreeaattmmeenntt ppllaanntt aanndd 33MM CCoottttaaggee GGrroovvee ffaaciiilittyy aarree iinn tthhisi sseecctitioonn.. FFiivvee ttaarrggeett ffiisshh ssppaecciieess wweerree aaggrreeeedd uuppoonn:: Bblluueeggiilll ssuunnffiisshh ((B36GSS)),, ccaarpp ((CC)),, ffrreesshhwwaatteerr ddrruumm ((FFWWDD)),, ssmmaallllmmoouutthh bbaassss ((SSMMIB)),, aanndd wwhhiittee bbaassss ((WWHHEB)).. FFWWDD hhaadd nnoott bbeeeenn ccoolllleecctteedd pprreevviioouussllyy;; ccrreeeel ssuurrvveeyyss aanndd ffiieelldd oobbsseerrvvaattiioonnss bbyy tthhee MMDDNNRR hhaavveesshhoowwnn ffiisshheerrss ccaattcchh aanndd eeaatt FFWD.D. Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 5 Minnesota 34innesoto P Poolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00001100 STATE02010409 STATE_02010409 MONAcolleics tferodm the 33 mile reach of Pool 2in late May 2009. Jol tras, MONR Fisheries, and SMtDevNeRDceloallienc,teMdDfNishRfErcoomlogthiceal33RemsoiluerrceeaschLoonfgP-oToelrm2 iRneslaotuerM ceaMyo2n0i0t9o.riJnogelPSrtoirgarsa, mM,DcoNlRleFctisehdefriieshs,inand tShterevee dDaeyLsaiuns,inMgDeNleRctErcooslhoogcickailngRceasuoiuprcmeesntL.oTnhge-Tfeirsmh cRoelsleocutricoen MloonitcorianwgetPrrieomgoarapmnp,escdoll(eActpepdefinshdAiinlx tFhisrehewedraeyswursaipnpgeedlienctarolsuhmoicnkuinmgfeoiqluaipndmeimnmt.edTihaetfeislhy fcroolzleenc.tioTnheflorcoaztieonnsfiwsherweermealpapbeedle(dAwppeinaduitxniAq)h.ue sFaismhpwleerIeD wberafoprpeedshiinppailungmoinvuermnifgohitl tothe laboratory. and immediately frozen. The frozen fish were labeled with a unique sample ID before shipping overnight to the laboratory. W Waatteerr CCoolllleeccttiioonn Water samples were collcted at 12 stations--3 stations per section--corresponding to areaswhere ish W wearteercasuagmhtp.leWsatweerresacmopllleecstedwearte12coslltaectitoendso--n3Jusltayt2io,n2s00p9e.r MsPeCctAiocno-l-lceocrtreedsptohnedeinsgamtoplaerseaas each where fish wsaetrieoncaaungdht3. MWcaotellrescatemdpdleusplwicearteescopllleusctsepdikoensJaumlpyl2e,s2a0t0a9l.l M12PCstAatcioolnlescatsedweltlh.reAellssaammpplleesswaet reeach csotalltieocnteadn3d23gMrabcoslalemcptleedsdjuupslibcealteoswtphlues wspatikeerssaumrfpalecse uastianlgl a12lsartagetiopnoslyaesthwyellel.neAlbl ostatmlepltehsatwweares used tc0o5lplelcittetdheaswgartaebr ssaammpplleess among 3M and PCA bottles. just below the water surface using a large polyethylene bottle that was used to split the water samples among 3M and MPCA bottles. Description Description ooff 1122 wwaatteerrssaammpelestsatattiioonnss ((FFiigguurree 2)2): 1. Section 1; main channel a iver mile 847 1. Section 1; main channel at river mile 847 2. Section 1; old Minnesota River channel, near river mile 845.4 2. Section 1; old Minnesota River channel, near river mile 845.4 3. Section 1; main channel upstream of confluence with Minnesota River at river mile 844 3. Section 1; main channel upstream of confluence with Minnesota River at river mile 844 4. Section 2; main channel near boat launch at river mile 842 4. Section 2; main channel near boat launch at river mile 842 5. Section 2; main channel adjacent to Holman Feld atrivermile 837 5. Section 2; main channel adjacent to Holman Field at river mile 837 6. SSeeccttiioonn 22;; bbaayy ssoouutthh ooff PPiiggss EeEye LLaakkee nneeaarr rriivveerr mmiillee 883344 6. 7. Section 3; main channel near boat launch and downstream from Ashland Oil refinery at river 7. mSielcetio8n2.35; moraiignincahlalnynienltneenadredbotoatbleaunnecahr 4an9d4dborwidngse,treatamuppfreormenAdsohflaSnedctOiiol nre3f,inbeurty naot fishriver wmeirlee8c2o9l.l5ec(toerdigiinnathllaytinreteanchd)ed to be near 1494 bridge, at upper end of Section 3, but no fish were collected in that reach) 8. Section 3; main channel upstreaofm land 112 at river mile 827.5 8. Section 3; main channel upstream of Island 112 at river mile 827.5 5. SSeeccttiioonn 33;; SSpprriinngg LLaakkee,, nneeaarrrriivveerrmm ililee 882211 9. 10. Section 4; main channel, downsotfGrreey Calomud Slough at river mile 819 10. Section 4; main channel, downstream of Grey Cloud Slough at river mile 819 1111.. Section Section &; 4; near near shoreline, shoreline, downstream downstream of of 31 3M Cottage Cottage Grove Grove discharge, discharge, near near river river mile mile 817.5 817.5 12. Section 4; main channel, upstream of Loc&k Dam #2 at river mile 816. 12. Section 4; main channel, upstream of Lock & Dam #2 at river mile 816 LLaabboorraattoorryy AAnnaallyyssiiss AXYSAnalytical AXYS Analytical SSeerrvviicceess 1dLtd aannaallyyzzeedd alall wwaatteerr aanndd ffiisshh ssaammpplleess ffoorr PPEFCCss.. EEmmppttyy ccoooolleerrss wweerree sshhiippppeedd bbyy. AXYStothe MPCA fo ish samples and coolers with botties were shipped for water samples.Thewhole AfiXshYSshtoiptpheed MtoPACXAYSfowrefriseh msaemaspulersedanfdorcoleonlegtrsh andwithwbeoigtthlet;s awlesor,egsehnipdepredanfodrawgaetweerrseamrepcleorsd.eTdh.eAXYS whole fish shipped to AXYS were measured for length and weight; also, gender and age were recorded. AXYS Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 A4ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 5 M3i4ninnneessoottoa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00001111 STATE02010410 STATE_02010410 Homgenized fish filets with scales off and sion, which sth protocol used for fish contaminant ahnoamlyosgisenwihzeednfrisehsuflitllsetasrewuitshedscfaorlesiohffcaonndsusmkipntioonn, wachvicshoriisetsh.e protocol used for fish contaminant analysis when results are used for fish consumption advisories. The USEPA as not yet approved an analytical method for PEC; however, al laboratories conducting TPFhCeaUnaSlEyPsAishaosn environmental samples use a method of quid h not yet approved an analytical method for PFCs; rhoomwaetvoegrr,aphy-eictrosp all laboratoriesray tandem conducting mass spectr PFC analysis oomneternyvi(rLoCn/mMSe/nMtSa)l.saSmapmlpesleusheomaogmeentihzoadtioofn,liqeuxitdracchtiroonm,aatnodgrcalpehayn--eulpecsttreopsspcraayn varytandem ammaossngspaebcotrraotmoreitreys(LACX/YMSSd/eMscSr)i.bSeasmthpeleir method a5, AXYS homogenization, Method MLA 060: Analytical Proc extraction, and clean-up steps canevdaurrye for tahmeAonnaglylasbisoroaftoPreieuso.rAiXnYaStdeedsOcrrgibaensitcheCiormmpoeuthnoddsians,AqueousSamples by LCMSIVS AXYS Method MLA-060: Analytica! Procedure]~or the Analysis o]~ Perfluorinated Organic Compounds in Aqueous 5emples by L C-MSIMS. The reporting eve is thelimitof quantitation (OQ) defined a the lowest non-zero calfration standard TRahveirnegpaocrctuinrgaclyeovfel 100 430%. is the limit of quantitation (LOQ), defined as the lowest non-zero calibration standard having accuracy of 100 _+30%. QIQnuauadaldiilitttiyyonAAtsossstuuherrmaaunnlctcieeple level quay assurance protocol at XYS Wiliam Scruton, Quality Assurance Coordinator for MPCA' En In addition to the multiple vironmental level quality Ansys and Outcomes Divison, reviewed ll assurance protocol at AXYS, William Scruton, Od,autaalitpyacAksasguersanfcreom ANS and dtd any Coordinator for MPCA's rEensuvlirtosnnmeeednitnagl AtnoablyesqisuaalnifdieOduat5c.oameesstDiimvaistieoni, ll QArequirementswere n reviewed all data packages otfrom metAXYS and identified any results needing to be qualified as an estimate if all O,A requirements were not met. Samples wresplit fr sh and water with 3M to verify AXYS laboratory result. i ish of each of the fSiavme fpilsehsswpeecrieesspwleitrfoerrfaisnhdoamnldywsaelteecrtwedithbe3fMoretobevienrgifyanAaXYlSyzlaebfoorraPtoECrys and homogenates from those results. Six fish of each of the ffiivseh were shipped back to MPCA and delivered tothe fish species were randomly selected before being3aMnaElynzveidrofonmrePnFtCaslaLnadbohraotmoroyg.enAastemsentioned from those faisbhovwe,erweatsehripspaemdplbeasckwteoreMcoPlClAecatnedd at the same delivered to tihmee3Mby MPCAand 3M Environmental aLtablolr1a2tosryta.tAiosnsm. eTnhtieonreesdults from 3 above, are watergsiavmenplienstwhee3reMcoEnllevicrteodnmaetntthael sLaambeeratitmoerybFyinMalPCAnAalayntidca3lMReaptoarltl s12Nos.tati0o9n-s0.3T6h5e(rseusrufaltcse fwraotmer3)ManadreNog.ive0n8.in0t3h7e2 (fish filet homogenates). 3M Environmental Laboratory Final Analytical Reports No. E09-0365 (surface water) and No. E09-0372 (fish fillet homogenates). RReessuullttss aanndd DDiissccuussssiioonn SuSSruufrarfcfaaewccaeetW Wearatsteaemrrples were callcied on 2 ly 2009 frothm 12 water samplestationsslected for Pool 2 Surface the Wisisppi iver. Addition! water samples were collected on 2inJfuolyrm2a0t0i9onfrcoomlcttheed1t2owcahtaerrscstaemipzleeeach ie stations included selected for Pool 2 of the Mississippi River. Additional information collected to characterize each rteemmapienriantguwriethiisns2l4v-e2d6 Coxyrgaenng,edtehprtohu,gahnodutcoPndouct2.ivDiitsys(oTlavbeldeo1x).ygTeenmpderroaptpuerdefwraosm temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth, and conductivity (Table 1). Temperature was r9rsee.itl2leaatmtiiinvvceLellluyydaccetoodnSnststattaainnottn,, 1107.3 me/Lat Staion remaining within 24-26 1C2. Water depths ra range throushoutnPgoeodl from 1.2m 106.7 m. 2. Dissolved oxygen dSrpoepcipfeidc cfroonm duc9t.i2vimtyg/iLncarteasedStation afI ttoe7t.h3eraMgi/s/aitsSptpaticoonnf1l2u. eWncaetewridthetphthesMriannngeesdotfraomive1r.2, bmettowe6e.7n Stati3oannsd 4 (382 5/em 10 536 m. Specific conductivity increased after the Mississippi confluence with the Minnesota River, between Stations freemami)nedansdtaibnlceroearsetdhselriegshttoyfaPgaoiin 2. tween Stations 5 an(5d25 S/cm to l~S/cm), and increased slightly again between Stations 5 and 6 (525 l~S/cm to S80 u/cbu)tth,en 3 and 4 (382 I~S/cm to 580 l~S/cm), but then 536 remained stable for the rest of Pool 2. CiCnoonTncaceebnnltt2rer.aattSioianomnsplffooerrsaaalrl ePPFFiCdCenaatnniaaflliyyettdeebssyiinnSeeecaatccihhontrrsiitppaliitcciaaottneersseaaplmmippclaleeteff.rroPommOttShhceeon11c22ewwnatatrteeartrissoaanmmsppllee rssettapaottiriotonnissngarereevggeiilvveenn arinlTiasbtleed2i.nStahmepsleescoanred toast co identifiedlbuymSneacntdioanv-sertaatgioens-orerpleicxacthe.saPtFiOoSn re sted nthe concentrations ofrinraelpcoorltiunmgn.levWehlsen are listed in the second to last column and averages for each station are listed in the final column. When Wisissippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 0.-I0- Minnesota pollution Control Agency ~it~nesot~ Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00001122 STATE 02010411 STATE_02010411 tthhee ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn wwaass bbeellooww tthhee rreeppoorrttiinngg lliimmiitt,, 4 tthhee rreeppoorrttiinngg lleevveell wwaass uusseedd ttoo ccaallccuullaattee ddeessccrriippttiivvee ssttaattiissttiiccs.. VVaarriiaabbiiltityy,, aass iinnddiiccaatteedd bbyycoceofeffificcieennttooffvvaaririaattiioonn ((CCVVS%6)) aammoonngg ttrriippllicicaattee wwaatteerr ssaammpplleess wwaass bbeellooww 1100%% ffoorr PPFFOOSS aatt aallll ssttaattiioonnsseexxcceepptt sttaattiioonn 1122,, wwhhiicchh hhaadd aa CCVV%S ooff 2266%%.. TThhee aavveerraaggeeCCVV3%ffoorr PPFFOOSS aatt tthhee ffiivvee stsatattiioonnsswwhheerree PPFFOOSS wwaass ddeetetcteabclewtwaaassb99.l.00%e%..TThheeCCVV3%5 ffoorr PPFFBBAA,, ddeettecetacbtleaabattlaalelll 1122 ssttaattiioonnss,, wwaass. 113..22%%. AA ccoommppaarriissoonn ooff PPRFOOSSccoonncceennttrraattioionns ffrroommAAXXYYSSaanndd 33MM sshhooww ggoooodd aaggrreeeemmeenntt ((Fiigguurree 33).). RReessuullttss ooff PROS inwaterfrom 3M Environmental Laboratory were generally higher than from AXYS for the same. sPaFtOiSonin water from 3M Environmental Laboratory were generally higher than from AXYS for the same station. MMoosstt ooff tthhee ootthheerr PPFFCCss wweerree lesless tthhaann tthhee rreeppoorrttiinngg lev, level, latlthhoouugghh nniinnee ooff tthhee 1133 aannaallyytteess wweerree ddeetteecctteedd iinn ssttaattiioonnss 1111 aanndd 1122.. TThhee hhiigghheesstt ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ofalof all ddeetteecctteedd aannaallyytteess wweerree iinn ssatattiioonn 1111.. PHBAwas the onlyoneof the 13 measured PECs that was measured in detectable concentrations at all wPaFtBeArwstaastitohnes.onPlFyOoAnweaosf tdheete1c3temdeaatstuarteidoPnsFC6s:t1h2aatnwdaPsFmHxeAaswuaresddinedetteectaactbsltteacteioondncse7n-t1r2a.tioPnFsOSatwaalls wdeatteecrtasbtalteioinnss.tPatFiOonAsw6a7s,8de,te11c,teadndat1s2.tatTiohnesa6v-e:1r2agaenPdFPOFSHcxoAnwcaesntdreatetcitaoentd saattsitaotnio1n1s.w7a-s12$.0PnFgO/LS.wTahse. ndeexttechtiagbhleestinPsRtOaStiocnosnc6e,n7t,r8a,ti1o1n, awnads 1512. nThegaatve/SrtaagtLeioPnF1O2.S Tchoenctehnetrrattiohrneeatsstatatitioonns w1i1twhadset9e0ctnagb/lLe The PnFeOxSt (h6ig,h7e,sat nPdFO8)ShcaodnPcFeOnStraavtieornawgeass o1f5 7.n, g1/L0a3t,Staantidon8.152n.gT/hL,e roetshpeecrttihvreelye. The high FOS. stations with detectable cPoFnOcSen(t6r, a7t, iaonndat8)sthaatdioPnF1O1Swaavseraabgoeustoefq7u.a7l, 1t0o.t3h,eancodn8c.e5ntrriga/tLi,ornesopfePcFtiOvAely(.94Thneg/hL)igahnPdFoOnSe-half the. concentration concentration concentration ofat of PFBAat that station (168 ng/L). station 11 was about equal to the PFBA at that station (168 rig/L). concentration of PFOA (94 ng/L) and one-half the TThhee MMPPCCAA hhaass eessttaabblliisshheeddsistitee-ssppeecicfifiicc wwaatteerr qquuaallittyy ccrriitteerriiaa ffoorr PPFFOOSSaannddPPFFOOAA iinn PPooooll 22 (ht:oro pea state mn us/leanup)pleindex. ham) nd for PFAstatewide,The PFOS criterias 7 g(h/Ltt.p:T//hwew2w0.0p9cwaa.tstearteq.umalni.tuyst/calteiaonnuapv/eprfcag/iensdeexxc.hetemdl)thoisndcrifetePriPaFaBtAstsattaiteonws6ide7 . T8h,e1P1,FOaSndcr1it2e.riNaoirse7of tnhge/Ls.tTathieon2s00e9xcweaedteerdqtuhaeliPtyFOsAtactirointeraivaeorafg2es uegx/cLee(d2,th70is0 cnrgi/teL)riaoratthsetaPtiFoBnAs c6r,it7e,ri8a, o1f1,1amngd/L1.2. None of the stations exceeded the PFOA criteria of 2.7 #g/L (2,700 ng/L) or the PFBA criteria of I mg/L FFiisshh QFQiuusahalwliiettyryeAAscsossluulrercaatnnecdceeon 28-29May2009 and 1June 2009, throughout the lengthofPool 2 (Tabl3)e. The tFaisrhgewt efroer ecaocllhecsteecdtioonn 2of8-1259 iMndaiyvi2d0ua0l9s apnedr t2aJrugnete s2p0e0c9ie, sthwraosugahchoiuetvtehdefloernaglthseocftPioonosl e2x(cTeapbtlefo3r). The bluegil in target for bluegill in Section 1,where 12 individuals were collected.Despite some of the each section of 15 individuals per target species was achieved for all Section 1, where 12 individuals were collected. Despite some of the bluegils sections bluegills being extremely except for being extremely ssmmalalll,, tthheeyy wweerree aannaallyyzzeedd iinnddiivviidduuaallllyy rraatthheerr tthhaann ccoommpopsoistiteedd.. The interfab comparison of PFOS concentrations inthe 30 fish homogenates show good agreement (FTihgeuirnetea)r.-laIbn ccoomnptarritsaoontshotf PiFnOeSr-caobncceomnptraartiiosnosn ifnorthPeF3O0S in wfish ahtoemr,otgheenaretesusltsshoofwPgFoOoSdnagirsehefmreonmt 314 E(Fnivgiurroen4m)e.nItnacloLnatbraosrat ttoortyheweirnetegr-elnaebraclolmy plaowriesrotnhafonr fPrFoOmS AinXYwSatfeor,tthheesraemsueltfsisho.f PFOS in fish from 3M Environmental Laboratory were generally lower than from AXYS for the same fish. `SSppaattiiaall DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff PPFFOOSS bbyy SSppeecciieess The distribouftPiRoOnS concentrations ae shown in series of box-whisker plots. Individual concentrations for The distribution of concentrations for each fish are shown a circles. The PFOS concentrations are shown in each fish are shown as circles. The bos is boundedbyhorizontal a series of box-whisker plots. box is bounded by horizontal sides representing Individual sides representing the 25 and 75thpercentiles--the boundariesofthe interquartile range (IQ)--with the median line the 25th and 75 percentiles--the boundaries of the interquartile range (IQR)--with the median line Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 A4ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 "e -11- M3i4ninnneessoottoa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00001133 STATE02010412 STATE_02010412 ((5500th ppeerrcceenntitillee)) wwiitthhiinn tthhee bboosx.. IInn ootthheerr wwoorrddss,, tthhee bboorx sshhoowwss tthhee arannggee ooff tthhee cceennttrraall S500%%ooff tthhee vvaalluueess.. TThhee wwhhiisskkeerrss sshowhtthheeosspprrweeaadd ooffvvaalluueess tthhaatt aarree wwiitthhiinn 11.5.5xx QIQRRaabboovveeaanndd bbeellooww tthhee aaccttuuaall 10.IO,R. VVaalluueess bbeeyyoonndd tthhee wwhhiisskkeerrss aarree ccoonnssiiddeerreedd oouutltliieerrss.. CCoonncceentnrtraattiioonn iisggiivveennoonnaa lloogg-ssccaallee ttoo iimmpprroovvee tthhee ssyymmmmeettrryy oonn eeiitthheerr isiddeeooff tthhee mmeeddiiaann ((ii.ee..,ttoo bbeetttteerr aapppprrooxxiimmaattee aannoorrmmaallddisistrtriibbuuttiioonn)).. A ccoommppaarriissoonn ooffffisishh ssppeecciieess wwiitthhiinn eeaacchh SSeeccttiioonn aanndd aallll SSeeccttiioonnss ccoommbbiinneeddsshhoowwsstthhee PPFFOOSS. concentrations were generally below 100 ng/g (ppb) in Sectio1ns,2, an3 (igure 5. Section 4, in ccoonntcraesntt,rahtaiodnshiwgheerrePgFeOnSercaolnlycebnetlroawti1o0n0s innga/gl (spppebci)einsexSceectpiotnwshi1t, e2,baansds 3(W(HFEi)g.ureFr5e).shSweacttieornd4r,uinm (FWD) had the highest PFOS concentration in a contrast, had higher PFOS concentrations in all (FWD) had the highest PFOS concentration in a single fish fillet (3580 ng/g). The species except white bass (WHB). single fish fillet (3,580 ng/g). The PFOS concentrations Freshwater drum PFOS concentrations iinn WWHHBB rreemmaaiinneedd sabboouutt tthhee ssaammee iinn lalll irivveerr sseeccttiioonnss,, iinn ccoonnttrraasstt ttoo tthhee ootthheerr ssppeecciieess;; wwhheenn aallll sseeccttiioonnss wweerree ccoommbbiinneedd,, WWHHBB hhaadd tthhee hhiigghheesstt ssppeecciieess--ssppeecicfifiicc PPFFOOSSmmeeddiiaann ((7755 nngg//gg)). CCoommbbiinniinngg tthheeddaattaa rfroommaalll ffoouurr SSeectciotnsioofofPPonoosoll 22,, ccaarrpp hhaadd tthhee lloowweesstt aarriitthhmmeettiicc mmeeaann PPFFOOSS ccoonncceenntrtraattiioonn,, 7777 nngg//gg, ((TTaabbllee 44)),, aanndd FFWWDD hhaadd tthhee hhiigghheesstt ssppeecciieess--mmeeaann,, 222299 nneg//gg,. TThhee ootthheerr tthhrreeee ssppeecciieess hhaadd ssiimmiillaarr aavveerraaggeess ((aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 110000 nngg//gg)).. FFiisshh ccoonnssuummppttiioonn aaddvviicceeiss aassssiiggnneedd ttoo eeaacchh ssppeecciieess bbaasseedd oonn tthhee ssppeecclieess--aarritthhmmeettiiccmmeeaann PPFFOOSSccoonncecnetnrtarattiioonn ffrroomm aalll sseeccttiioonnss ooff PPooooll 22.. MMDDHH rreecocmommemnedsnttdhhaastt ccoonnssuummppttiioonnooffffiissh ffiillleettss wwiitthh PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn tthhee rraannggee 4400--220000 nngg//gg bbee lliimmiitteedd ttoo oonnee mmeesall ppeerr wweeeekk.. FFoorrffiisshh ffiilllelettss wwiitthh PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattioinons iinn tthhee rraannggee 220000--880000 nngg//gg,, tthhee aaddvviicceeiissoonnee mmeeaall ppeerr mmoonnthth.. MMDDHHadavdivsiseessnnoott ttoo aeatt ffiisshh ssppeecciieess tthhaatt eexxcceeeedd PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraatitoinosonosff 880000 nngg//gg.. MMODHH ccaallccuullaatteess mmeeaall aaddvviiccee uussiinngg mmuultltiippllee yyeeaarrss ooff ddaattaa,, ddeeppeennddiinngg oonn tthheetteemmppoorraall ttrreennddss iinn tthhee ccoonnttaammininanatn.t. FFWWDD aarriitthhmmeettiicc mmeeaann ddooeess nnoott cchhaannggeebbeeccaauussee tthheeyy wweerree oonnllyy ccoolllleecctteedd iinn 22000099.. TThheerreeffoorree,, FFWWDD wwiilll hhaavvee tthhee mmoorree rreessttrriiccttiivvee aaddsviiccee ooff oonnee mmeeaall ppeerr mmoonntthh aanndd tthhee ootthheerr ssppeecicesiefaalsll wwiitthhiinn tthhee oonnee mmeeaallppeerrwweeeekk aaddvviissoorryy.. GGooiinngg ffrroomm SSeeccttiioonn 1IttooSSeeccttiioonn 44,, ccuummuulalattiivvee ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonnss ooff PPFOSFbbyysOsppeecSciieess sshohwaaocclleewaarr sshhiifftt ffrroomm olowwererttoo hhiigghheerr ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn ffoouurroofftthhee ffiivvee ssppeecciieess,, wwhheerreeaass iinn wwhhiittee bbaassss ((WWHHEB)) FPFOOSS ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonnss rreemmaaiinn rreellaattiivveellyy ccoonnssttaanntt F(Fiigguurree 66).). AAllsoo,, tthhee rranagensoogff PePFFOOsSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss aarree nnaarrrrooww iinn HWHBB ccoommppaarreedd ttoo tthhee tohtheerr ssppeecciieess.. TThhee mmoovveemmeenntt ooff FPFCCss tthhrroouugghh ffoooodd wweebbss iis nnoott uunnddeerrssttoooodd.. OOnnee ppoossisbibllee eexxppllaannaattiioonn ccoonnssiisstteenntt wwiitthh tthheessee rreessuullttss iiss tthhaatt aalll tthhee ffiisshh ssppeecciieess,, eexxcceepptt WWHHBB hhaavvee lliimmiitteedd hhoommee rraannggeess.. W Whhiittee bbaasss hhaavvee bbeeeenn ddooccuummeenntteedd ttoo ttrraavveell lloonngg ddiissttaanncceess:: 4400 mmiilleess nin tthhee MMiissssoouurrii RRiivveerr aanndd tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee eennttiirreeLLaakkeeErEiriee bbaassiinn ((MMoorrggaann aanndd HHaarrrreell,, 22000066).). HHoommee rraannggeess iinn bugil bluegill ssuunnffiisshh hhaavvee bbeeeenn rreepoprtoedraatttoeonnldlyy 3300 ssqquuaarree mmeetteerrss ((PPaarrrr,, 22000022)),, aalltthhoouugghh aassttuuddyy iinn MMiinnnneessoottaa llaakkeess ffoouunndd ssoommee bblluueeggiilll aanndd bbllaacckk ccrraappppiieess mmoovvee aammoonngg ccoonnnneecctteedd llaakkeess ((PPaarrssoonnss aanndd RReeeedd,, 22000055).). TThheerree iiss ssoommee eevviiddeenncceeiinnddiiccaattiinngg tthhee mmajaojoririttyy ooff ccoommmmoonn ccaarrpp rreemmaaiinn wwiitthhiinn 110000 mmeetteerrssoofftthhierir nneessttiinngg aarreeaa aalltthhoouugghh ssoommee mmaayy ttrraavveell lloonngg ddiissttaanncceess J(JonoesaannnddSetSutausratr,t, 22000088).). `Temporal Temporal Distribution Distribution ooff PPFFOOSS CCoonncceenntrtraattiioonnss FFiisshh wweerree ccoolllleecctteedd ffoorr PPFCCss iinn 22000044,, 22000055,, 22000066,, 22000088,, aanndd 22000099,. OOlnylytthhreaeffiisshh wweerree ccaolllaecctteedd iinn 22000014 ((TTaabbllee 55).). MMaorree ffiisshh wweerree ccoollleecctteedd iinn ssuubbsseeqquueenntt yyeeaarrss,, aalltthhoouugghh tthhee ttoottaall ppeerr ssppeecciieess rreemmaaiinneedd llooww ntiuntil tthhee ssaammppllee ccoolllleeccttiioonn iinn 22000099.. BBeeccaausuesooeff tthhee llooww nnuummbbeerrsswwitithhiinn mmoosstt yyeeaarrss,, aasssseessssiinngg tteemmppoorraall trendsisdificult. A plot ofthe concentration distributions by species for each year suggests a downward trend trends is difficult. downward trend iAn in PFOS concentrations, especialy in smallmouthbass (Figure 7). plot of the concentration distributions by species for each year PFOS concentrations, especially in smallmouth bass (Figure 7). However, suggests However, paprriioorrttoo Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 "- -12- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00001144 STSATATTEE0_200210100441133 S2200e0099ctthth4eeififirossohhnmwwee2r0ree09ccoodllolleeecsctteenddotoonsnllhyy oiinnwaSSeenccotttiioiocnne4a4;b;lrreee:-dpploloowttmtiiwnnaggrttdhheetraaennnnnduuaialnltddhieisPtsrFibtOuSrtiocionbnscbuebyntystipsrpeaoectciinioeesnssww(iFittihhguoornnell8yy). appearsadaitional Section 4 from 2009 It appears additional years are needed tomake a does not show a noticeable years are needed to make a properassessment downward trend in proper assessment of temporal treonfPdFOsS in ish the PFOS concentrations (Figure 8). of temporal trends of Pros in fish from pool 2 from Pool 2. PRRFeeOllaSattciiooonnncssehhniitppraootfifoPPnFFsOaOSSmolleenvveellfssemttaooleffsiis,shhmggaeleennsdd,eerar,,naaggjueev,,enaainnledds size: didsize not sahnotoiceawble difference (Figure 9), except blveilavenies were lower than PFOS concentrations among females, males, 9), except bluegill juveniles were lower than aduls, There and juveniles adults. There wasdid was also not much difference among not show a noticeable difference also not much difference among age(Figure age lasses within ach species (igre 10], Th twohighest FOS concentrations inthe freshwater drum werein classes 3 yearod within each an8yedar old species (Figure f1i0sh).. TThheestewroeshuilgthseisntdPicFaOtSe PFOSdoesnot concentrations biniothacecfuremuslhawtaetewirtdhruamge as itwedroeesinian m3oysetarbiooldacacnudmu8layteiavreocldomfipsho.uTndhess,esurecshualtssmercury indicate aPnFdOSPCdBose.sAnnootthbeioraoccbumsuelartevwairthotmatigheoeasnse concentration distributionsby age class s the wide range within age classes in most species, especially it does in most bioaccumulative compounds, such as mercury and PCBs. Another observation from these concentration distributions by age class is the wide range within age classes in most species, especially the freshwater drum, whereas the white bas shows very le range inconcentrationsamong and twhiethfirnesahgwe aclteasrsdesru. m, whereas the white bass shows very little range in concentrations among and within age classes. AAilssoa,,ntdthhe1e2rr)ee.wwaassnnoo rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn PPFFOOSScocnocnecnetnrtarattiioonnss aanndd ffiisshh lleennggtthh oorrppeercrceenntt pid lipids ((FFiigguurreess 11 and 12). BBiiooaaccccuummuullaattiioonn FFaaccttoorrss aanndd WWaatteerr QQuuaalliittyy CCrriitteerriiaa Bioaccumulation factors (8AFs)for FOSwere calculated for each specie, i each section. Water cBoinocaecncturmatuiloantisonfrfoamctothrs t(hBrAeres)sftoatriPonrsowsitwheirneecaaclhcuselactteidonfowreeraechavsepreacgieeds., inIenachdsiecfvtiisohin.fidW leutaPtearOlS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss wfreorme tdheitvhriebedytsethadetioanvsewraitgheinPFeOaSchcosneccetniotrnatwieonre. Th individual BAFs averaged. Individual were then fish fillet PFOS combine 3. geometric man concentrations were divided by (theeomaveearna)gefoPrFcOaSchcosnpceecniter.at(ioAng.eoTmheetirnidcivmideuaanl BisAtFhs waenrieothgeonfthe acvoemrbaigneedofalsoga:tgreaonmsfeotrrimcemdevaanlu(gee.om Theeafni)naflorBAeFacih 2 geomean species. (A goefoaml esptreiccim esegaenomisetahnes.anthiliosgcoalfcthuleation had been done in previcus years, usinag much smaller dataset average of log-transformed values.) ,he final BAI- is a geomean had been done in previous years, using a much smaller dataset (STS Consultants, 2007). of all species geomeans. (STS Consultants, 2007). TheThis The resulting calculation resulting water quality criteria basoneidsh consumption refered to as fish consumption criteria, CCwere 6 ng/L for Pool3 and 4 water quality criteria nbga/sLedfoornPofioslh 2c. oTnhseum20p0ti9osntuIrdeyfehraresdaltoloawsedfisfhoraconrsabuumstptrioencaclcriutleartiai,onfCoCf,twheerBeA6Fs anngd//wfaotreProqoula3liatnydcr4itnergi/oLn.for Pool 2. The 2009 study has allowed for a robust recalculation of the BAFs and water quality criterion. PFOS PFOS water water concentrations concentrations iinnthe upper the upper 33SSeecctiotnsioofofPnPooosoll 22 wweerree pprreeddoommininaatteellyy lleessss tthhaann tthhee rreeppoorrttiinngg level Le, Love of Quantitation, LOGY. For water concentrations below the rearting eve, one-half the wrlreeeevppreooelrrt(tliii.nlengg.a,bllLeoeevvvveeelel ltwwohaaefssOruu,eusspeaeodndr.tt.iitAAantgBBioAeAnFr,vwwLaaOtessQoacc)l.aavllFocc,oiuurdllawathetadeteaffroovcrrtooononinluclyyesnSneSetcernatcoittniiooo-nnndse,4tb,eewwclhthoaeewbrrleetehPPecForrnOoecSsepnwwotararttaitneetgrirocclneoosvn.necTcle,ehnonetnsrtraepate-tihicooainnlefsssth.e wspeecriefiacll BAFs ranged from 2,519 IK above the reporting level, to afovrocidarhpatvoin7g,t0o10usKe anofno-rdferteeschtawbatleercodnrucem.ntTrahteiogneso.mTehteriscpemceieasn- of aslpescpieficcieBsAirns Sraencgteido4nfr1om3,28,75719KgL/.K~Tfhoer gcaeorpmetotr7i,c01m0eaLn/Kogfaflolrsfrpeecsihewsafterormdraulm l S.eTchtieognseoism7e,5tr5i4c.mean of all species in Section 4 is 3,877 L/Kg. The geometric mean of all species from all Sections is 7,554. TheseBAFscan be applied tothe equation or calculating aish consumption rterion (IC). The TeqheusaetiBoAnFss can be applied to the equation for calculating a fish consumption criterion (fCC). The equation is ED BW +E Cwhe=re,STEN BAF where, Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 A4ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . kiarch 2010 ae -13- Minnesota 34innesota Pollution Pollution Control Control Asency Aylency 22229955..00001155 STATE 02010414 STATE_02010414 RRIfDD ==rereffeerreennccee ddoossee,, 00..0000000088 mmgg//kkgg//dd BBWW == bbooddyy wweeiigghhtt,, 1700kk.g KK==eexxppoossuurreeffrraaccttiioonnaattrtiribbuutteedd ttoowwaatteerraanndd ffiisshh ccoonnssuummptpitioonn,, 00..22 1WIW == iinncciiddeennttaall iinnggeessttiioonn ooff wwaatteerr,, 00..0011 LL//dd RCR== ffiisshh ccoonnssuummppttiioonn rraattee,, 00..003300 kKgg//dd A`Appppllyyiinngg tthhee BBAAFF ffrroomm 22000099,, tthhee rreessuullttiinngg CCfCC sis 77 nngg//LL uussiinngg aallll PPooooll 22 ish.fish. CCoommpparariissoonn ttoo OOtthheerr LLooccaattiioonnss (OOnnee mmiigghhtt rreeaassoonnaabbllyy aassssuummee tthhaatt bbaacckkggrroouunndd ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss aarree zzeerroo bbeeccaauussee PPFOFSiissOssttrriiSccttllyy aann anthropogenic compound; however, PFOS has been found in widife, including fis, throughout the waonrthlrdo(pGoigeesyniacncdoKmapnonuannd2;0h0o1;weHvoeurd, ePFeOtaS h2a0s06b]e.enPEfoCsunardeginlowbialdllliyfed,iisntcrliubduitnegd andfish, tthheroluegvehlosuitncthreease. wwiotrhldpr(Gosieimsiytayntdo Kurabnanannar2e0a01H;oHuoduedeeteatl.al 2200060)6.). PFCs are globally distributed and the levels increase with proximity to urban area (Houde et al., 2006). AAccoommpapriasornoioffwswhhooolnlee ffiisshh ccoommppoossiitteess ((oonnee ssmmaallll ffiisshh aanndd oonnee llaarrggee ffiisshh ccoommppoossiittee ppeerr ssiittee)ffrroomm3300 istiteess wwiitthhiinn tthhee MMiissssoouuriri,, OOhhiioo,, aanndd MMiissssiisssiippppii RRiivveerrss ffoouunnddmmedeidainanPPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ooff 224.42.2ngn/gg/g,, 3311.88 nngg//gg., aanndd 553.38.8nngg/g, rreessppeeccttiivveellyy ((YYee tetaall.,, 22000088a)a.). AAlltthhoouugghhtthhee MMiissssiissssiippppii hhaass tthhee hhiigghheerr PPFFOOSS. lleevveell, tthhee tteenn fiisshh ssaammpplleess aabboovvee220000 nngg//gg PPFFOOSS wweerree ddiissttrriibbuutteedd tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee tthhrreeee rriivveerrss,, iinnddiiccaattiinngg tthhee PPFFOOSS ccoonnttaammiinnaattiioonn iiss wwiiddeesspprreeaadd.. AAnnEEPPAA sstutdyouoffdPPFFyCCss iinn ccaarrpp ccoolllleecctteedd iinn 22000066 ffrroomm tthhee UUppppeerr MMiissssiissssiipppii RRiivveerr,, rreeppoorrtteedd mmeeddiaiann. ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ooff PPFFOOSS rraannggiinngg frroomm88 nngg//gg uuppssttrreeaamm ooff SStt.. CClloouudd ttoo 2266 nngl~//gg aanndd 4400 nngg/g/aagt PPiigg''ss EEvyee LLaakkee aanndd ddoowwnnssttrreeaamm aatt SSpprriinngg LLaakkee ((YYeee ettal.l.,, 22000088bb)) ((TTaabbllee 66)).. TThheellaatttteerrttwwoo ssiitteess aarree iinn SSeectciotn2i2 oaannndd SSeecctiotni33ooonff PPooooll 22,, rreessppeectcitivveelyly.. NNoo ccaarrppwweerreeccoolllelcteedcbbtyytethhdee MMDNDRoorrNMMPPCCRAAiinn 22000066 ffrroomm tthhee Mississippi River. Median concentrations of PFOS incarp from our 2009studywere 28 ng/g forallof PMoioslsi2s,si1p3pinReivferf.orMSeedctiainonco2 nacnedn8tr7atniongs foofrPSFeOcStiino4cnarp from our 2009 study were 28 ng/g for all of Pool 2, 13 ng/g for Section 2 and 87 ng/g for Section 4. PROS PFOS levelinwhole, levels in whole, four four year-old year-old llaakkee ttrroouutt ccoolllaecctteedd ffrroomm tthhee GGrreesatt LLaakkeess iinn 22000011 ((FFuurrdduui eett a,al., 22000077)) were were lowest lowest in in Lake Lake Superior Superior ((44..88nnggf/gg)) aanndd hhiigghheesstt iinn LLaakkee EErriee ((112211. nngg//gg).). IInn sa espeapraarattee ssttuuddyy ooff PPEFCCss in the Lake Ontario food web, mean PFOS concentration in slimy sculpin was 450 ng/g, while whole lake: tinrothutewLearkee 1O7n0tanrgio/gfo(oMd awerbet, miaeln,an20P0F4O)S Lcooknecternoturtateioatnsinleswliimfey(s9c0u%l)piannwdassm4el5t0 7n-g8ig5,),;wshciulelpwinheoalet lake mys trout waendreDi1p7o0reniga./gB(eMcaaurtsine tehteals.,cu2l0p0i4n)d.iLeatkies btreonutht iecatbaasleewdifreat(h9e0r%t)haanndpeslmageilct,(7th-8e%a)u;tshcourlspisnugegaetsted thmeyssiesdainmdeDntipwoaresiath.eBepcraiumsaerythseousrccuelpoinf PFO. diet is bTheentrheiscu-lbtassoefdtrhaeth2e0r09thaPonolpe2lasgicu, thpetahpuestheoodrisrmesnuttg.gested tshoeursceedhimypeonthtewsaiss,thbeecparuim seatryhesohuigrcheesotfPPFFOOSSc.onTcheenrtersautlitsonosf twheere20n09frPeosohlw2atseurpdprourmt ,thwehsiechdimi eant- bsooutrtcoemhfyepeodethr.esTish,eybemcaavuseertohcekshaignhdesst PuFObS sctotonfclreunsatrhattthioeenis pwreeyre, winhifrcehshawreapterirmdarruilmy,awquhaictihc iis nasects, sbmoatltolmfisfhe,eadnecr.mTolhleuyskms.ovTeheroycakrseaknndoswunbsfotrraeteattiongfluzsehbrtahemuirssperelys, (wShuiscshaanrde Harrel, 2006). primarily aquatic insects, small fish, and mollusks. They are known for eating zebra mussels (Sluss and Harrel, 2006). RReeppoorrtteedd BBAAFFs ffoorr PPFFO0SS hhaavveevavaririeedd ggrreeaatltlyy ffrroommssttuuddyy ttoo ssttuuddyy aanndd aammoonnggspsepceiceiesswwitithhiinn ssttuuddiieess.. IInn tthhee LLaakkee OOnnttaarriioo ffooocdd wweebb BBAAFFss rraannggeedd ffrroomm 89,,880000 LL//KKgg ffoorr aalleewwiffee ttoo 55,,000000 ffoorr ssccuullppiinn;; llaakkee ttrroouutt BBAAF was 16,000 (Houde et al, 2008). Inacomparison of year old lak trout among the Great Lakes, the wBAaFs r1a6n,0g0e0d (fHrooumd5e,0e0t0a0l., 22000,800).0InKagco(mFupradriisoetn aol,f 240-y07e)a;r tohldislsatkuedtyroruet pamoornagtatehkedeGtrreouatt BLAaFkeosf, th50e00 U/Ke. In Pool 2, species BAF ranged from 5,000 L/Kg. In Pool 2, species geometric to 20,000 geometric mean values L/l<g (Furdui mean values ranged from 2500 0 7000 L/Ke et al, 2007); this study reported ranged from 2500 to 7000 L/Kg fo Section a lake trout for Section 4and 4,400 BAF of 5000 4 and 4,400 ttoo Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 re - 14- M3i4ninnneessoottoa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00001166 STATE02010415 STATE_02010415 1111,50,05ofor0raa0llll sseeccttiioonnss ccoommbbiinneedd.. OOnn aann oorrddeerr--ooff-mmagangintituuddee ssccaallee ic.(i.e., lloogg-:ssccaalle)) tthheessee DBAATFss llooookk mmoorere. ssiimmiillaarr;; tthhaattis,, tthhee lIooggBBAAFF iiss aabboouutt 44~, wwhhiicchh ccaannbbeeccoommppaarreedd ttoo PPCCBBSs aanndd mmeerrccuurryy ologgBBAAFFss aarrouonudn6odorr 771(1--1100 mmiillllioonn kL/eK)g.). PPFFCCsswwitithh sseevveenn oorr lleessss fflluuoorriinnaatteedd ccaarrbboonnss aarree nnoott ccoonnssiiddeerreedd bbiiooaaccccuurmmuullaattivvee aaccccoorrddiinnggttoo rreegguullaattoorryy ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ((CCoonnddeerreettalal., 22000088).). TThheeeevviiddeennccee ssuuppppoortrtss tthhaatt lam claim bbeeccaauussee PPFFCCss esless tthhaannCC38 ((PPFOFAaOannAdd PPRFOOSS)) aarree oofftteenn nnoott ddeetteecctteedd iinn ffiisshh ((PPoowwileeyy eett aaLl.,, 22000088).). OOnn tthhee ootthheerr ssiiddee,, CC38-CC1122 PPFFCCss hhaavvee bbeeeenn ddeetteecctteedd aattiinn ffiisshh,, aalltthhoouugghh tthhee nnoonn--PPFFOOSS PPFFCCss ooccccuurr aatt mmuucchh lloowweer ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss tthhaann PPFFOOSS.. AA pprreevviioouuss ssttuuddyy rreeppoorrtteedd tthhaatt tthheerreeiiss aassigignnififiiccaanntt ccoorrrreellaattiioonn bbeettwweeeenn PPFFOOSSaanndd tthhee PPFFCCAASs ggrreeaatteerr tthhaann CC88((PPoowweleyy eettaall.,, 22000088).). TThhiiss wwaass rreeppoortretd ffoorr ffiisshh iinnLLaakkeeCCaallhhoouunnaanndd MMiissssiissssiippppii RRiivveerr PPoooollss 22:-55a3 ccoolllleecctteedd iinn 22000066 ((DDeellinisnksyekeytt aa,l.,22000099)),, aannddiit iisttrruueeffoorrtthhee 22000099 rreessuullttss ffoorr PPooooll 22. IInn tthhee 22000099 PPooooll 22 rreessuullttss,, wwhheenn PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn wwaass vveerryy hhiigghh, tthhee lloonnggeerr ccaarrbboonn--<chhaaiinn PPFFCCss wweerree aallssoo ddeetteeccttaabbllee ((FFiigguurree 1144)).. PPFFDOAA ((CC1100)) wwaass hhiigghhllyy ccoorrrreellaatteedd wwiitthh tthhee PPFFOOSS ccoonncceenntrtraattiioonnss.. TThhee PPeeaarrssoonn ccoorrrreellaattiioonn cosfficients between PFOS andtheC9 (PFA), C10 (PFDA), and C11 (PFURA), and C12 (PFDOR) were. 0c.o0e1ff0i,c0ie.n9t4s3,b0e.t7w3e2e,n3nPdFO0S.2a80n.d Tthhee Cco9rr(PeFlaNtAi)o,nCw1i0th(PPFFDOAS)A, was 0.717. and Cll (PFUnA), and C12 (PFDoA) were 0.010, 0.943, 0.732, and 0.280. The correlation with PFOSA was 0.717. ((DDeelliinnsskkyy eettaall.., 22000099))nnootteedd tthhaatt tthhee CC1100--CC1122 ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iin tthhee HHaaww aanndd DDeeeepp rriivveerrss iinn NNoorrtthh CCaraorloilinnaa---w-witithh nnoo ddooccuummeenntteedd ssoouurrcceeooff PPFFCCs---w-weerreessoommeeooff tthhee hhiigghheesstt iinn tthhe lliiteterraattuurree~; LLaakkee CCaallhhoouunn wwass aallssoo hhiigghh aanndd hhiigghheerr tthhaann ihfish ffrroomm PPoooollss 22:-55a3 ((ffroomm 22000066coclolleleccttiioonn));; tthhee oonnllyy ssttuuddyy rreeppoorrtteedd hhiigghheerr CC1100 aanndd C C1l1l lleevveellss wwaass ffromraaoccrreemeekk iinn CCaannaaddaawwhheerreeaaqquueeoouussffiirree--ffiigghhttiinnggffooaamm hhaadd bbeeeenn rreelleeaasseedd ((MMooooddyy eettaall.,2020020)2.). MMaaxxiimmuumm ccoonncceenntrtraattiioonnssooff CC1100 aannddCC1122 iinn PPooooll 22 frroomm 22000099 wweerree: 3322..11aanndd 2289..88 nngg//gg aanndd eexxcceeeeddeedd tthhee mmaaxxiimmaa rreeppoorrtteedd ffoorrtthheettwwoo NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa rriivveerrss.. CC1l1l mmaaxxiimmaa frroomm tthheettwwoo rriivveerrss wweerree mmuucchh hhiigghheerr tthhaann iinn PPooooll 22 ((442.22.2 aanndd 5500..55nngg//gg,, ccoommpapreadtrtooe11d11..88 nngg//gg iinn PPooooll 22).). IInntthhee 22000099,, PPooooll 22 rreessuullttss,, aallll PPFFCCss ootthheerr tthhaann PPFFOOSS hhaadd mmeeddiiaann ccoonncceenntrtatrioantsaiaotnoosrr bbeellooww tthhee LLOOQG, bbuutt nneeaarrllyy aallll ooff tthheemm hhaadd aa ddeetteeccttaabbllee ccoonncceenntrtraattiioonn aatt ssoommee ppooinint.t. (OOnnee ffiinnaall ppooiinnttttoo aaddddrreessssiisstthhee bbiioommaagaginfifiiccaattiioonn ooffPPFFOOSS aanndd tthhee aappppaarreenntt ddiissccrreeppaannccyy bbeettwweeeenn Iliiteterraattuurree rreessuullttss aanndd tthhiiss ssttuuddyy.. NNuummeerroouuss ssttuuddiieess hhaavvee rreeppoorrtteedd PPFFOOSSlelevveellss Iinnccrreeaassee wwiitthh ttrroopphhiicc elevveell iinn ffrreesshhwwaatteerr aanndd mmaarriinnee ffoooodd wweebbss ((KKaannnnaann eettaall.,, 22000055)),, ssoommeettiimmeess bbyy aass mmuucchh aass aa ffacatocrooftftthohrreeree. bbeettwweeeenn ttrroopphhiicc lleevveellss..TTihsiswwaass nnoottsseeeenn ffoorr PPFFOOSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn ffiisshh ffrroomm MMisisssiissssiippppii ARviveerr PPooooll22. TThhee wwiiddee aanndd oovveerrllaappppiinngg rraannggeess ooff PPFFOOSScocnocnecnetnrtarattiioonnss wwiitthhiinn aanndd aammoonngg ssppeecciieess iinn PPooooll 22 mmaayy hhiiddee tthhee ppoossssiibblleeddififffeerreenncceess aammoonnggttrroopphhiicc lleevveelsls.. CComoparmisonpooffaPPFFOOrSSccoioncnecsnetnrtaoratitioonnnss Iinn llaarrggeemmoouutthh bbaassss `aanndd bblluueeggililll ssuunnffiisshh ffrroomm tthhee ssaammee llaakkeess iinn MMiinnnneessoottaa ssuuggggeesstt tthheerree mmaayy bbee ttrroopphhiicc mmaaggrnififcicaattiioonn ooff PPFOOSS ((ddaattaa nnoott pprreesseenntteedd iinntthhiiss rreeppoorrtt.). TThhee ffiisshh ffrroomm PPooooll 22ccannaotbbeenppaiarirneeddbbyo ylolocactatitioonn.. FFuurrtthheerrmmoorree,, tthheeyy aarreeaalll ccaarrnniivvoorreess,, aallbbeeiitt aatt ssoommeewwhhaatt ddiifffeerreenntt elevveells.. CCoonncclluussiioonnss AAllllffiisshh aanndd wwaatteerr ssaammpplleess wweerree aannaallyyzzeedd ffoorr PPFFCCss bbyy AAXXYYSS AAnnaalylyttiiccaall L11tdd.. AAllll wwaatteerr ssaammpplleess aanndd 3300 ffiisshh ssaammpplleess wweerree aallssoo aannaallyyzzeeddbbyy 33MM EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall LLaabboorraattoorryyffoorr qquuaalilittyy aassssuurraannccee.. TThhee mmaattcchh bbeettwweeeenn Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 5 -15- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency ~innesot~ Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00001177 STATE02010416 STATE_02010416 rreessuullttss ooff sspplliittssaammpplleessffrroomm tthhee ttwwoollaabbsswwaassvveerryy ggoooodd ffoorr bbootthh iwtaeterr aanndd ffiisshh,, wwhhiicchh rreeiinnffoorrcceedd ccoonnffiiddeennccee iinn tthhee qquuaalilittyyooffththee rreessuulsts.. W Waatteerr ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ooff PPFFCCss wwierree hhiigghheesstt iinn SSeeccttiioonn 44 aanndd iinn ppaarrttiiccuullaarr,,SStatattiioonn 1111.. PPeerrfflluuoorroobbuuttaannooiicc aacciidd ((PPFFBOAA)) wwaass ddeetteecctteedd atl at all ssttaattiioonnss.. PPFFOOSS,, ppeerrfflluuoorrooooccttaannooiicc aacciidd ((PPFFOOAA)),, aanndd ppeerrfflluuoorroohheexxaannooiicc aacciiddee ((PPFFHHYxAA))wweerree ddeetteecctteedd iinn SSeeccttiioonnss 22,, 33,, aanndd 44,,wwiitthhtthhee hhiigghheesstt ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn SSeeccttiioonn 44.. TThhrreeee. ootthheerrss----PPFEPPeeAA,, PPEFGBSS,, aannddPPEFAHSxS---w-weerreededteetecctteedd iinn SSeeccttiioonn 48.. PPRFOOSS wwaass ddeetteeccttaabbllee iinn nneeaarrllyy alall ihfish ffrroomm PPooooll 22,, wwiitthh tthhee hhiigghheesstt ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss iinn ffiisshh aanndd wwaatteerr iinn SSeeccttiioonn 44,, tthhee mst most ddoowwnnssttrreeaamm sseeccttiioonn ooff PPooooll 22.. MMoossttootthheerr PPFFCCss wweerree nneeaarroorr bbeellooww tthhee rreeppoorrttiinngg level, although longer carbon-chain PFC were detectawbhleen PFOS concentrations were high. Ofthe fleivveelt,aarlgthetoeudghfislohnsgpeecriceasribnoPno-oclha2in-bPlFuCesgiwlesreunfdiesthe,ctcaabrple, fwrheesnhwPaFtOerSdrcuonmc,esnmtaraltliomnosutwherbeashs,igha.ndOwf hthiete basfivest--afrgreestehdwafitsehr drum h species aind thePool h2i-g-hbelsutegPFillOSscuonnficsehn,tcraartpi,ofnrse.shDwruamtehraddrum no,tsbmeeanllmsoaumtphled pr bass,iaornd0.w2h0i0te9 bbeacsasu-s-feretsihwnaottercodnrsuimdehraedd athteyphiicgahlesspt oPrFOfiSshc,obnuctetnwtraatsioinnsc.lDudreudm5hadtnarogtebteedenspseacmiepslebdecpariuosretoof2t0h0e9 DNs servation tha tis a popular because it is not considered a typical sfpisohrtkfeispht,fobruht uitmwaans cinocnlsuudmepdtiaosn a taanrdl~ehtaesdbsepeenciheasrvbeesctaeudsebyof the cDoNmRm'esrocbisaelrfviasthioinngtohpaetraittiisoanspopular fish kept for human consumption and has been harvested by commercial fishing operations. NNoo ddiisscceerrnnaabbllee ttrreennddss wweerree sseeenn nin PPRFOOSS oovveerr ttiimmee ffoorr ssppeecciieess tthhaatt hhaadd bbeeeenn ssaammpplleedd ssiinnccee 22000044 oorr 22000055.. PPFFOOSS ccoonncceenntrtraattiioonnss iinn ffiisshhmmususcclleewweerree nnoott ccoorrrreellaatteedd wwiitthh ifisshh aaggeeoorriseiz,e, aannd tthheerree wwaass nnoo ddiifffeerreennccee bbeettwweeeenn ggeennddeersrs.. BBiiooaaccccuummulualattiioonn ffaaccttoorrss ((BBAAFFss)) wweerree ccaallcuclualteadtffeoodrr PPFFOOSSusuisinnggtthheewwaatteerr and fish data. BAFs for PFOSwere inthe range of 4000 o 6000 Kg, which s at the low end of the range oafndhifgishhlydbaitoaa.cBcAuFmsalfaotriPvFeOcSomwpeoruenidnst.he range of 4000 to 6000 L/Kg, which is at the low end of the range of highly bioaccumulative compounds. Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 - -16- Minnesota I~innesot~ P Poolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00001188 STATE02010417 STATE_02010417 RReeffeerreenncceess BBeerrggeerUrUa,.4,: GGsllyyonnnn uAA,.o, rfHHhooluclmmmssaettnrroomem KKx.CE.., pBBetroeoglpurrnsfdlMguMuc,.rl,AirAnnuknaaktearenrdbbeaedrlrkggylEEs.HHu,.b,sTTtooanrrnckkevvssisitnt AAS.w((e22d00e00n89)-) iFAnsisahhlyccsooinnsssouufmmeppdtitiiboolnne ffa1iiss0shh.a1fts0rroo1oum6mr/cjLLecaahokkeeefmhVoVuasamtptthtaeeenrrrnnee.aax2nnp0ddo0s9tthu.hre0ee4BB.toa0at4ltip4icce.rSSfeleaua.o. rCCinhhaeetmmeodossapplhkheyerlreesu77b66s::t77a99n99c-e-88s004i4n.. DOL:Sweden DOI: - Analysis of edible CCoonnddeerrJr1.eM10vM..1i,,e0HHw1oo6akk/neje.dcRRhc.AeoAm.m.,pDoDaserepWihWsoeolorneflf.w2WWi0t,.0h,9RRr.ue0usg4ssus.el0ela4lllt4oMM.rH.yH,l.,ipBBoupuhccikkli.RcC.cC.o. m2(2p00o00u88n))dsAA.rreeEPPnFFvCCiArAsosnbbmiieoonaatccaccluumSmuculialeatnticivevee&?? A A critical critical DelinsTkTreeyecvchAihLenDn,woSoltlaorongygdnyyac44ro22mM::99Jp99,a55-r-i1N1s0o0a0n03k3.wa. yiDDthOaOLm:Ir:eaS1g1.0F0u,,.la11V0t0o22ar11y//erelissp00oL77Lp,00hY88ie9l9i5c5X.gc.8.o,mpMocuCnadnsn. Environmental Science & P.L Lindstrom A. 2008) DelinskyEDDAnee.vtDtiee.rr,rommSniitmnnreayantnttiiaoaornlnMooR.fJef.tst,eeeNnanrappckeeharryf1fall0umu9oo:arr9iin7Sna5.aF-tt.e9,ed8dV4acc,roonDmmsOpIpJo:.oLuu.1,nn0Yd.de1ss0X1iin.n6B/bb.,jlluuMeeencggviCirlllaensssuunn2nf0Pfii0.sJs9h.h,.0L((L8Lin.eed0pp1soo3tmmr.oiimss mmAaa.cBrc.oroc(2hc0ih0riru9us)s))ffiillleettss.. DeliALnD,Sstrkynyar M.J, McCann P.J, Varn Environmental Research 109:975-984. Delinsky A.D., Strynar M.J., McCann P.J., Varns LL,DOI: J.L., McMillaLn, Nakayama S.., Lindstrom 78. 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.013. McMillan L., Nakayama S.F., Lindstrom A.B. ((22001100)) `RGiGveeeoorggsr.raapEphnhivicciaarlloDnDimissetntrrtiibabuluttiSioonncooff iPP&eerTrelfeluucoonrhrininnocaalttoeeegddyCCAooSmmAppPoou1un7nFddEssB2nin01iF0iss.hh DffrOroI:omm1MM0iin1nn0n2ee1ss/ooettsaa90LL3aa7kk7ee7ss5aa.nndd FFuurrdduuiiVV.5R..I..,i,vAe.SSr(tts2oo.0ccE0kk7nNN)vL.iSLr,po.,aEntElmillalieslsndDDtiaA.sAlt..rS,icBBbiuueuttnttictoeCCn M.&oM.fT.,peeWWcrhhfihlntiuottotlllroeeogaDDyl.k.AMMy,Sl.A,CcPCroonr1ozt7ziaFiemeErirBnPP2a.0nYWt1.s.0,. RiRDneeiOlinnaI:ekeerr1t0rE.o.11Ju,.0,t2MM1fuur/ieoirrsm9DD0t..C3hCe.7.GG7G..7r, esMMa.ata.bbuurryy Giesy 1.LSL2a,a.AkkKe.eass(.n2.n0EEa0nnn7vv)iKi.rrSoop(nn2amm0t0eiae1nl)ntdtaGaillslotSSrbcicabiileuenntdiccoeeni&&osTTf eepctcehhrnfnrlouoololfioorpggobeyyarl44kfu11yl::lu11toc55ro55ion44o-t-cao11tm55a5n5in9n9e.a.nsDDutOslOIf:iIon:n11ala00tk.e.e11i00tn2r2ow11i/u/leedtssif00freo66.2m200E4t4n8h8v4ei4.r.Gonremaetntal Giesy (Giesy 1J..PSS.,cKiKecaannncnneia&a&nnTeTeKK.ec.nc(h(2h2n00noc00ol21loo))eggGPyyelor33fb55l:a:u11lo33dr33io9s9c-t-hr11ie3b3m4u4i2t2c.ioa. lnDDOsOIou:Ifr:pf11ae00cr.t.f1l1au00not22rs11o//ioeencsstht00ae00n11ee88n33sv44uikkrl.f.oonnmaetnet.in wildlife. Environmental Environmental Scienc&e Giesy Technology36:146A-152A. J.P., Kannan K. (2002) Perfluorochemical Technology 36:146A-152A. surfactants in the environment. Environmental Science & HHoouuddee MM,., MMaarrttininJ.LWI.,, polyfluoroaliy LLeettcchheerr RR..,J.,SSoolloommoonn substances: A review. EKKm.RRi..r, oMMnuumeiirnrDt.aCD.lC..GGS..ci2(2e00n0c06e6))&BTBieiooclloohggniioccalallogmmyoon4n0ii:tto3or4ir6n3ig-no3ogf4f73. DOL: Jones MLp11,00o..lyS11ft00luu22ao11r/r/toeea.ssG0lO.k55y22(l552s880u0006bb8.s.)taLnacteersa:lAmorevveiemwe.nEtnovfircoonmmmeontnalcSarcpien(Ccyep&rinTuescchanroslioogyL)4i0n:a34l6a3r-g3e4l7o3w.lDanOdI: JKoanemsaMKn.irJ,ivv.,eeTrSrataaounnadLdr,tfflISlo.Goioon.ddcp(pl2lala0aii0inrn8.,.) PEELcacaooteltloorvagglyya5m.oo0f,foFvFJrerueemdssehehw0nwa.tat1otee,frGrFciiFoseimshshmy118o18:.n1:17c7-(a8-2r820p2.0.5(C)yPperrinluusorcianraptioedL.c) oinmpaolaurngdesloinwland Kannan aEaKqnq.,uvuTaiatartiooiccnLmoo.e,rrgngSatainanncliislsamCmiorssnaEta.t,atmPvviaaanrsraiitovotuauissoSntt.rDroao.,pnpJhhdiuicTcdoellxeeiDvvcee.Joll.sls,ioGignnyiea4as8GyG:rJ5ree.5Paa9.tt-(5L2Laa60kk50ee.5ss)DffOPooLoe:odrdf1lucc0hho,aari1ini0nn.0a.A7tAre/cr5dch0hic0ivo2ve4ems4sop-oo0f0uf 4n-d0s13in3-x. MMaarrttiinnLJfWE.Wr.no.v,mWirW holianhkmtietlteOleennttaDDalrM.MiC,o.o.,MnMEtianuvmriirirnDDoa.n.tCCmio..eGGnn,.t,aaMMnladaSbTbuuorcrxyyicSSoiA.&lAo..geT(y(e22c400nh800n4:45o)c)5lPP9oee-egr5ryf6fllu63u.o8rr:oDo5aOa3l7Ilk:k9yy-l!Ol53cc.18oo05nn0.tt7aa/mmDsiOOinnIOaan2nt4tss4-ii0nn0aa4-foOooo1dd3w3w-exeb.b. 10.1021/es0193315. from lake Ontario. Environmental Science & Technology 38:5379-5385. DOI: MMooooddyy CCS1.uA0Ar...f1,a0MMc2ata1ratrn/ettiisnsn0iJJ1n.W9Wi.3.o3,tlKKaaww.aaannnd WW..CC.., MMuuiirr Surface Wa DD..CC..GG,., ter Sa MMaabbuurryy SS.AA.. ((22000022)) MMoonnititoorriinngg mples Following an Accidental R PPeerrfflluuoorriinnaatteedd elease of Fire-f i g h t i n g Surfactants in Biota and Surface Water Samples Following an Accidental Release of F10o.a1m02n1t/oe5E0t1o1b0i0c1o+k.eCrack. Environmental Science &Technology 36:545-551. DOI: Foam into Etobicoke Creek. Environmental Science & Technology 36:545-551. DOI: Fire-Fighting PMMoaorrrggr.aann(12TT.,00.,0.12HH)0aar2rLr1reee/lpel osS5.m0. i1((2s12000m000a661c))+rMM.ocoohrrioounnsee,ccAhhnrriyymssaoolppssD,,ivAAennriismmiatayll WDDeiivvbee.rrssiittyy W Weebb.. PPPaaarrrssrooCnn.ss(2M8Bi0..nG0Gn2,.e,)sRRoLeeteeeapdd.omJ].NRRios..r(m(t22ha00c00A5r5mo))ecrMMhiircoouavsnev,mAJeoenunirmmtnoaaofellfSoDBnafilavcFtcekikrsshCCietryrraaipWpepspeiiMeebass. naaanngddeBBmllueueneggtililll2ss5/aa6mm8o9o-nn6gg95II.nntteDeOrrIcc:oonn1nn0eecc1tt5ee7dd7/LLaaMkkOeeAss-iinn 211. Minnesota. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:689-695. DOh 10.1577/M04- Powley CR,George 021.1. Powley C.R., George spatially and SW, S.W., RRuusssseellll MMH.H,.,HHookkee RA.R.A., BBuucckk temporally integrated foodweb in RR..CC.. the W((e22s00t00e88r))nPPoAorlclyvtfifllcu.uoorrCiinhnaeatmteeoddscpchhheeemmrieiccaa7l0lss:6iin6n4aa-672 001: 10.1016/,chemosphere.2007.06.067. spatially and temporally integrated food web DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.067. in the Western Arctic. Chemosphere 70:664-672. Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 t~ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 "- -17- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency ~it~nesot~ Pollution Control A~ency 22229955..00001199 STATE02010418 STATE_02010418 STS Consultants. (2007) Surface Water Quality Citeron for PefluorooctaneSulfonicAcid Minnesota STS Wa nCgoT,n,sPPouWolltllalauuntntitiosogn.n (CCY2.o0Won.0nt7Ltrr)iooslSlouAACgrl~fYeaen.cncecyCy.W a.i a.tQe.r,QJuaalnitygCG.r8. it(e2ri0o0n9 for Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid ) Perspectives on the Inclusionf Minnesota Wang T.EP,PenWervrafifnllruluo~oonrrYmooe.oW oncct.tt,aaalnLnieeasoSSuCucl.lfYfoo.i,nn&aaCttTaeeeieYicinn.nhOttno,o.,octtlJhhioeaeegnSSgyttGo4o3cc.B:kk5.hh1oo(72llm10m:05CC91o)7on5Pnv.veeernsDntpOtiie:oocnnti1voo0enn.s1PPo0een2rrs1sti/hisseettsee3Innn0ttc0OOl4urr6sgg4iaoaannniiccofPPoolllluuttaannttss.. VeXB, Ye X.B., SSpEtetnrrryvyfninlraauorcrnrmM1in.e.Jan.t,teaNNdlaacSkkocaaimeyypanaocmmeuaan&dSS..sTF.e.,i,cnVVhwoanhrronmolssloegJJ.y,,i4sHH3heel:h5llfao1annm7tto1g-LL5,.e,1nLL7aaa5tsz.eooDrsrccOfhhIraa: kok1mJ,0..,t1hLL0eii2nnO1ddh/sseittsorrgo,oOmmMOiAAs4.s.6Bo4u.ar((i.22,00a008n8ad))Upper MPiessrfilsusoirpipniatReidvecrso,mUpSoA.unEdnsviinrownhmoelnetafilshPohlolumtioogne1n5a6te:s12f2ro7-m12t3h2e.ODhOiIo, Missouri, and Upper YeX8, 1SM 10c0i.sh.11so0i0se11sn66ipf//pjue.einsnRvsvpivp0HeLol,r2slJ.,02a00Uh80nS.8sA0N..03.E.3D0..n0,1v14irD4.oe.nlimnesknytaAl DP.oSllutrtiyonnar115.61:1,2V2a7-r1n2s32,. DOh Nakayama SF. Helfant Ye X.B., SLicnhdosetnrfoumssA.HB..L.(, 2J0a0h8nbs)NP.eDr.f,lDuoerliinnsaktyedAc.Do.m, pSotruynndasr Min.Jc.,oVmamrnosnJc.,aNrpak(aCyyaprmianuSs.Fc.a,rHpieol)fafnitleLt.s, from tt1Lhh0ine.e1dU0Us1ptp6rpop/em jerr A.B. (2008b) Perfluorinated compounds in common carp eMnivsiintsi2p0p0i8.R0iv2e.r0.3.Environment International 34:932-938. Mississippi River. Environment International 34:932-938. DOI: (Cyprinus DOI: carpio) fillets from 10.1016/j.envint.2008.02.003. Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 t~ississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 "- -18- MI~iinnnneessoottaa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy 22229955..00002200 STATE02010419 STATE_02010419  332323333 EUTUIIVIOT | 3 g 3323333333 | |mpEFErenaagspaes2aegiser s | esasuecenses | fgpdERERaRERRS Jee 2 i 1LE3E1R9E8E9E9E 8E 8 E| | BF BE3333283(E ily mazazgany = Ly marr i Tp| || BIeRsRsEtRcIaBnRiEeEaDy 0|p ovLinasaeeznapnlenny)||Bd il 1 g 1g :|i gsmzmessnysgs| S| BiibgEcigsEiz I RR E BEEEEeE 3aE8L LE3]R3|x. sessing C8 333393339 2 : Iz 22229955..00002211 STATE_02010420 dpiolifn PFEfs PoE3 o% g4 E 3i 33338%nezsszaaaiiiiiaasans qganaigsaasanagngasasnasasg BE 8S83E57025G38T88T85I88C38c o 23cT 5d5I 88AO aNnRI nAaAN zLgS z s HERER EER EERSE REEEREREEEH (RE yzgngzisuAsRgEsRaRsEaRssLEnEzvSaRzBsEaRiRaag ii .- F FgungnzgazanugasaanuaI nynIgIae nneg 2HN E1R E9E9RE3E9ES3ERE33EE0EE0R 3E09R3R33E3S00E50THS8 i Sls HAASAN ANIARRANURAARIARIAAD SF SUUTOVULUUVUITIUITVIIVIVIULY Pf EEII%aIaaTasEevIRTNIRINAS |CFP9En9E 333I9ERaAn 339a39R99n29%nsaasieala| [88 DF ranisfadszazinsnuandaeggegy |d CF 35333499938399%900 885s] |B i TT YY EL: s Ef BESEIREE0SaSL33AR0303534340E; |S z| 8 ssssssassRNIIIRININIslSlE I|} N i C ee TR el i |3mEiieEsEEsriiizagss sigs $ 22229955..00002222 [Ep-- STATE_02010421 H3.ERE EEEEREEERE EERE| | 2%32 g ss825 g s2E88sZ8g%F8 ||| froji iii oniiiiioa H25E :3:H :25H 3:73H :22H 52325) (Jigga qaaeEReagReg| ClEgiBEEigEgEEEEgEniany |. | || fs2a5i3s5s5s5s5s5s5a5ai5a8s5i:iisty5 C PI3RsEBIEEEiEEEiEREEiIiREiZiZsIiZIiZiIiZIiLiIzY|| | : || iriie: || g8o1ci1aiip2gia3dg1is3gg7ig8sEeia8lh8fadacd2adn1nd2nis%gl : 35333353338443385853538% Ry EEE NT HEN 22229955..00002233 . 2g :5 F2 i i 2 2: $ 5 5 3: i stare 02010022 STATE_02010422 Iobeganan =5 5 pi :pe 2 f5,irrnesg-saeey 5382 Ii ] ="g2g2regnsg 3 3 Z8 i exng-oemaaz 3 : os sf HPHI 2235382 HAELEEH z. 8 3$ s- ig cen fr = SilBe1d H8g gave 3 aangz 22229955..00002244 3 :: 3 :FI 5 : o: 23 3 } 3i i STATE 02010423 STATE_02010423 TE 10% lef 23z5 ([8E3E% 8 1338 PEEEE CEERE 2 if 352% Ha IEEES] z[>2zlal~agassiasses = S28. 2838 SEHEE:E -i AE2u8ds 2 2233 |S| f(BEIzTzIiSe2 EEEEE 28: . 2 385323.4%% $5813 2ogg 48 o| 4F8E2E |fg3d. e.EgflEiRs |BfzcEzEiisjlie:s 22229955..00002255 :{ 52 s : & i o 32 $: 2 g 3 3 STATE 02010424 STATE_02010424 FFiigguurreess MMiissssiissssiippppii PPooooll 22 TT TTwwiinn CCiittiieess MeMtertorpooploilittaann AArreeaa esE#S12, forms Co 7 onienes unmcarous so, S 8 carver MlhlhI[APOLIS 5 sae 93 s s92 4 5g G2e 8 Nl oescaLe amd . SCOT es moCneac--o. [---------- Fre Location of Misi Poo2t Figure i Location of Mississippi Pool 2 Wistsippl Poot 2 PFC: 2009 March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 - 24 - 22229955..00002266 Winnesata Minnesota Pollution Pollution CCoonntrtrooll AAg~eennccyy STATE 02010425 STATE_02010425 Falcon Heights Ladd~tdal~ Roseville Oakdale Fen 0 ct Lahdfall Ea, 8 rn To tsmun rn ~ nize Fron Lake Elrno ..... tn G~ oir~ a UUAguery ~Alton 3 -Eagan suena gon Ca Cottage Grove ws gk ; Hows ng SOW J HP SA s---- a Les Miles Rosemount sSeecattioonna4 MEEi SSececttiioonn BBoorrddeerr {Waterstations Water Stations U' Lock &.Dame I~1 Lock & Dams River ite River Mile ississppi River Mississippi River cn - aid Coates - Hastings arin Faur2e issoPot 2 actions an water alstatins Figure 2 Mississippi Pool 2 sections and water sample stations Misisippl Poo 2 FC 2009 + Harch 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . A4arch 2010 se -25- 22229955..00002277 "Winesota otltian Control xency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency STATE 02010426 STATE_02010426 : 1 2 x 5 2 " s NF 28 8 8 8 8 e masovans Loh i 1! 8 =: z3 3 & 3 lg = 5 0 Fd : || <$s lg & i T| g2:0 8 { 3 i wnmme Bila. | HH 3 woners 8 i 22229955..00002288 STATE 02010427 STATE_02010427 N> e 2 --i le i te % gl : iF : 1 + --s 3 2 . i: g . EEEREEER 13/3)some | HR) 3: i i Ii]f : : lad blll 3 x : gs Hilldlohh allllll. FSEoIlIijiElIiIaRiEsaisEaRaRnIiEiAisnRaaRgaRnAiInLy] BER iteeRie pant iatiiiia : 2 Ii | 8=3 33 gi i 22229955..00002299 state oz010028 STATE_02010428 ceili oF_T wo eof WfRed | 18 B3 l dCmn 8o%f i2 ch ofla.Ro a 2 co ered -8 gee o o o o 7o (a(qdddd)) 504d ~-- $Odd [ETE | | Ey 8 Ee i | Ee | le | 8 FE (od (qdd) s$Oodsd foes | em eee ToEE Ee o o o g "(Esod (qdd) SO_-Id | bo om Lene 18 de ef loa re 88 ((qadddd) s0dd ~30_-Id oo | cy $13 [a rE 2g 7 ((qadddd) sS0Od-Idd : gD I ff [EF eo | = 3 is 2i f 50 |: HE i ls go |Z 3 gg 22229955..00003300 state 02010029 STATE_02010429 Fraction of Data Fraction of Data Fraction of Data Frac'~on o" Data Eee : "Hes SEI Ina A } Pepe In 2 Co i Fo I lg n tttttttt Fs NOI.LOaS 22229955..00003311 STATE_02010430 psosoctronz All Sections of Pool 2 BBGGSS BBKKSS C IOO0 fai, 2 | ~ 100 LL Q. \ iE) I0 &2 lO00 t. 0 2 = al \ it lO 302003 020404 F2000085 0200066 3200607722000088 2000089 00 2010 YEAR CCHHCC 50 2003 4206 2004 200S 8 2006 07 2007 8 2008 TREND 2009 201~ Y~R FWD oi 2003 0200004 32000085 0200068320000772200088 2000009 0200100 YEAR SSAAGG 1000 ............................................... ~ ...... lOOO gr~ ~o 100 ....................................................... i #4 ~0 woes oi2003 0200044 T2o00u5F2000066 320000772200008T20E09 00 2010 YEAR SMB 55 2003 bei 0200014 22000085 22000066 22000077 YEAR 0200008 OR 2009 200m1.0 lO noos A2500053 0200044 002005 0200066 2200007722000008 22000089 2000100 YEAR V~B 1000 sled ~ 100 O LL Q. oiled 1g Lo lOOO = 14 lO eve oon FS pho 2A003T2A004P20E05 2I0E06 2T 007 20O 08I20R0R 9B20N10 YEAR A Ro 200a 20o4 OEMOD 2oo5 2006 2007 XRWE 20~ 2009 26111 YEAR Figure 7 Distributions of PFOS by year for each species (all sections) hm 2003 ee 20% 2004 2005 02006 12007' 8 2008 2I 2009 0 2010 YEAR Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 - 30 - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00003322 STATE_02010431 Sototoni2 Section 4 of Pool 2 BBGGSS BBKKSS CCc Lela oO 1000 2 ETIiEs IOOO --2 = i lO 2003 2004 BR2005 RABR MRO0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR CCHHCC A 0 BR BEA NE MR 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20"10 FWD oh2003 Rd 2004 02005 2006 0 2007 2008 0 2009 2010 YEAR SSAAGG 1000 lOOO { 100 1 ...................... ~ ............................... g I0 18 lO siie HERTSAEBMB ME D0 I I I I I I I 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SMB uei R00BoIEE MOBY 2ooa 20o4 2oo5 2oo6 2007 ME2oo8 BG2009 00 2010 ws 2h M00 005000 20 0B09 00 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR V~B 1000 nile Bie ~ 100 ET Tio e O LL Q. 10 Lf lOOO lO Fees Stress wes ITMEE ETARER NDY 1 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2OlO YEAR ARE MEINNSA RERSO 2ooa 20O4 2OO5 2006 2007 20oo 2009 20]~ Figure 8 Distributions of PFOS by year for each species limited to Section 4 wh We R00 Maaw We I 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007' 2008 2009 2010 YEAR Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 -31 - 22229955..00003333 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency ere zoo STATE_02010432 sz Pool 2 2009 BGS C FWD i 1000 100 ........................................ ~............. 1000 Ti.E |~ ~00 10 10 I I I J M Sex SMB aa I I I J M F Sex WHB 3 1000 ! ..........................~......................... ~ 1000 ...................................................... 1000 ..................................................... b g orodedpglyB 2 IO0 rTi di of St - wl - J M F Sex Figure 9 PFOS concentrations by gender of each species Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 * March 2010 - 32 - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00003344 STATE_02010433 zon Pool 2 2009 BBGGSS CCc FFWWDD Alen 1000 Ells EER 100 iooins lOO0 .... g B-{ee - {Hl 1000 i 2 HeD-9 10 Ped 2 4 6 6 10 12 -Age (yr) ~0 Bid 6 8 =Age (yr) 10 12 Bed 2 4 6 8 10 12 Age (yr) SMB VVHB 1000 ..................................................... EElloln wt Tel 1000 JEL ..................................................... rcee e of ero seni 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Age (yr) 2 4 6 8 10 12 Age (yr) Figure 10 PFOS concentration by age for each species Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 - 33 - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00003355 STATE_02010434 11000000 a Q2Q 0& 110000 w o 1100 0 11I00 22I 00 LLeennggtthh ((iinn)) ure 11 OSconcenbytlerngtahfotreichospnecsies Figure 11 PFOS concentrations by length for each species eeSpecies Species BGS C FoFWD SieSMB WeWHB 3030 sss Poot 2 PECs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 ae- 34 - 22229955..00003366 Winnesata Petttion Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control A~ency STATE 02010435 STATE_02010435 11000000 a Eo 0& 110000 w a 1100 00..11 11..00 %% LLiippiiddss Fur1s2 705concebypnerctentriadsfotreiachsocne Figure lZ PFOS concentration by percent lipids for each species &* 1100..00 Specs Species BGS C FanFWD SieSMB WeVVHB Misisiopl Poo 2 FCs 2009 + Harch 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . ~4arch 2010 se - 35 - 22229955..00003377 Winnesot Potition Control genes Minnesota Pollution Control Agency STATE 02010436 STATE_02010436 4O = &2 <<a2a~ 22)o Smoother line is distance-weighted least squares regression | ] pd ] 7 o ] o0 ....... I ....... I ....... I 0 EE NE 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 000 PFOS (ppb) PFOS (ppb) Figure 13 Relationship between PDA (10) and POS rom Po 2 ofspecies and sections) Figure 13 Relationship between PFDA (C10) and PFOS from Pool 2 (all species and sections) Wistsippl Poot 2 PFC: 2009 March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 EE -36 - 22229955..00003388 Winnesata Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control A~ency STATE 02010437 STATE_02010437 RReessooullrFcceess CCoovveerr PPhhoottoo:: UUppppeerr IMViliddwweesstt EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall SScciieenncceess CCeennteter.r. btto//wwumese.usgs.gov/aerial_photos/s/s31g1 19970b htm FFoorr mmoorree iinnfofromramtaiotniooonn tthhiiss rreeppoorrtt ccoonnttaacct:t: Brace Monson ReBsreucaercMhoSncsieonntist Minnesota Pollution Research Scientist Minnesota Pollution CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy. S20 Lafayette Road N S5t2.0PaLual,faMyeNtte55R1o5a5d N PSht.onPea:ul,(6M5N1) 5755175-52579 Phone: (651) 757-2579 MMiinnnneessoottaa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy PPFFCCss http fuscastate mn.us/cleanup/ptc/index html Minnesota Department of Health PFCs Minnesota Department of Health PFCs hutttpp:/i/w/www.hheeaalltthh.ssttaattee..m n.uuss/divs/eh/hazardoustopics/ofes/iinnddeexx.hhttmmll MMiinnnneessoottaa DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff HHeeaalltthh fFiisshh CCoonnssuummpptitioonn GGuuiiddeelliinneess to: /wsn healthstate.mous dishfish iinnddeexx.httmmll Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + March 2010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . March 2010 re -37- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 22229955..00003399 STATE02010438 STATE_02010438 AAppppeennddiixx AA MMaapp ooff :ffiisshh ccoolllleeccttiioonnss iinn PPooooll 2 Missing Poo 2 PFCs 2009 + January 010 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . January 2010 22229955..00004400 Winnesate otition Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency STATE 02010439 STATE_02010439 Mississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 + January 2010 /vlississfppi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . January 2010 22229955..00004411 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency STATE02010440 STATE_02010440 AAppppeennddiixx BB RReessuultl~s ooff PPFFCCss aannaallyyss~iss ooff ffiisshh ccoolill~eecctteedd ~inn MMi~ssssiissssiipppp~i PPooooll 22 iinn 22000099 Wissssipi Poot 2 PECs 2009 + January 2010 ~,lississippi Pool 2 PFCs 2009 . January 2010 22229955..00004422 Winnesota Potttion Control Agency Minnesota Pollution Control Agency STATE 02010441 STATE_02010441 AppppeennddixiAAx , FFiisshh CCoolllleeccttiioonn PPaatthhss aanndd WWaatteerr SSaammppllee SSttaattiioonnss:: MMiissssiissssiippppii PPooooll 22,, SSeeccttiioonn 11 } PR Eee Eee rr TR sant waaf 34 A K NY RleE ww| A J \ hi=r==2aal2 z7 ~ DR hel N= | Sg Via A wi rm IN ~ SN TT T i oo | 4, E 3 A Jer 8! 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