Document jmwrJ9edkjEQrEvoXQn40XagR

ALLIED RESEARCH BULLETIN ITunber RC-37 SUBJECT ft; EXPOSURE STUDIES RELATING TO THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INERT FIGMENTS IN HOUSE FAINT FCE-j !ULVPIONS OK DURABILITY V-red by: C. D- Kelley J. S'* ALLIED RESEARCH LABORS0RIE3 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS !'over.per 24, 1557 i N12525 0007 -SWP-000006861 Ct pOSUHB STUDIES B2LATIKS TO THE 1PF3CT OF DIFF3R2KT INERT '.PIG3EBTS nr-HOPES FAIST FOR'JULATIOh'S OK HIRASILITY statement; In the attempt to develop mixed paints, based on Zinc Sulphide as /tflseipsl opaque pigment having a performance equal to the better class of l.jL Oxide paints, results have been obtained of definite interest. Experience with the conventional types of White Lead and Zinc Cx~ si paints has shown that the character of the Inert Pigment present has Fssinor influence on the wearing value of the paint. The introduction of Htemium pigments along with unite Lead and Zinc Oxide, has shown that the IB*** ' gseter of the Inert Pigment in such combinations can be of great importance* wtf the poor durability of paints made with Titanox 3 can be attributed to [Blanc fixe and the present improved results, to 'its replacesr with jLsbes- The same line of reasoning has been applied to the Zinc Sulphide ?nts. The poor durability of Lithopone paints can in the main be attribu te their high Blanc Fixe contents. This report deals with replacements of Fixe with other Inert Pigments as to improving durability. sure Procedure; The various -paints were applied 3 coats on Western Bed Cedar, a *de coat being employed in each instance. The exposures were vertical, in latitude of Chicago and in the main extended over a period of 4 summers */3 years), It is generally recognized that vertical test fence exposures are severe than actual house tests. The rate of acceleration usually being not' 007-SWP00006862 2- ?' tbon 20& 0r aor* th.cn 30$. Therefore, a test fence exposure extending Pgttgh 4 summers, approximates the normal durability of the better white house * e* ^ t0 5 yeers, c.t which time the paint enters the ''neglect" ***""' JfieioA, during which satisfactory repainting becomes increasingly difficult. Hr* . ral Mature of Be suits: , Zinc Sulphide pigments show Improved durability in proportion 1 o .'replacement of finely precipitated Inert Pigments, such as Blanc Fixe with pigments Having flaky or plate shaped particles. Mica being the best and superior to Asbestine, piste Talc occupying an intermediate position. Typm Zinc Sulphide formulations containing Mica hive shown a durability and ap- rance equal to STB Thite. ropes of Inert .Pigments and :lntior.s Selected: The following Inert, pigments were selected: Asbestine Flaky.Talc Mica Silica - Standard.20 Try Inf. Palp Co. ~ Tnnes Speiden - Standard 1779 Dry - Standard 3 Dry v. u;' The first type of pigment formula selected was based on previous tposure experience based oh: 30fa Zinc Sulphide ^ 46;& Leaded Zinc 35/^5 24-t Inert Piscent The pigments were ground to a Semi-Feste of about 20 lbs. net per r? \i allon in the following oil mixture: 30$ Alkali-Refined Lis.. Oil L+C>a ?.a\v linseed Oil l'Ov Bcdied Linseed Oil - ."0" -Body 10-5 Iiiers end Volatile Thinners 0007-SWP-000006863 Jo t application the Sari-Paste was reduced cs follows; Semi-Paste Linseed Oil Turner-tir.e 1 Gal. 1 1* 1-1/4 Gal. 1/2 11 ?/* " 1/4 Gal. 3/s i/s " ' go. 1; Two Zinc Sulpirides were selected on the basis of previous expo are .i1-- .M4fence, one designated as "N" having a considerably higher inherent durabil- .y * the one designated as |;K.11 I s^r* JRI .t .. Two groups of paints were made and exposed, based on these two - ^'gaiphides with the following replacements of the 24$ Inert Pigment content! Jr ; . ` |:fsint No. 1 ` a it 2 a y " "4 Zihc Sulphide Z, a ii n ii itii -> t< `' Inert Figment Asbestine it - it Mica a 2/3* A3t= ine. l/3 Silica " "5 " it 11 11 n 11 j 11 11 N it it it n a 11 '< Ashes: .r.e n Talc 11 Mica " 11 8 SW? white 'present formula) Paint No. 4 was used as the guide paint on. each panel of this At the end of 4 simmers, paint No. 4 - Asbestine-Silica has failed ^gjMhrouah : cracking and flaking with considerable areas of bare wood. Paints No 1- d No, 5 both made with Asbestine but different Zinc have shown similar durability performance. In both, the failure has ESe<^ through severe cracking to definite flaking. Paints No. 2 and No. o hoth made with Talc show a wide difference Ability. With the nN" Zinc Sulphide, the durability was appreciably better 0007-SWP-000006864 4- Vr'itii Asbestine, the checking being-- definite with only slight cracking, the pcnel with the nS" Zinc Sulphide shows "bad cracking rnd flaking. v>Paint s-Fo- 1 and Fo. 7 both coiitaining 24^ Mica show definite im- `^sent over the Asbestine and Talc. The nF" Zinc Sulphide showing marked "" Priority over the "X" Zinc Sulphide. Paint Fo. -f- sale with the "IT" or the more durable grade of Zinc Si. and with Mica, is free from checking and compares favorably as to IF . ess, general appearance and integrity of film with the panel of SWP ^hifce length of exposure. Chalking on the Mica pcnel is moderate, with no ess of the surface or evidence of erosion. It has shown exceptional dirt qualities throughout its exposure period. Magnification x 2 Adjoining Sections On Same Panel Left - Faint Fo. 7 Zinc Sulphide-Mica Right- Faint Fo. 4 Zinc Sul.-As'oestir.e-Silies 0007-SWP-000006865 -5- Pciat Ho. 3 shows a definite improvement over the corresponding tine and 'iica ,!KM Zinc Sulphide formulations. Paint Ho. S, present formula 875? Thite shows slight general check-. sl*'00& whiteness and fairly heavy chalking. ( ?' *4.f\. Series Ho. 2: Hontgonery "ard*s Zincite paint was taken as the basic type of ittl&tion, because of general customer ecceptance as to usable performance in I second grade price range. Paint Fo, 5 represents the pigment formula. 55-1 Lithopone Leea-od Zinc ?3/c5 10" Asbestine 10 represents a modi: die t icr. c.d. :ed in 13] -T ir. ."r.ici durability was scught by replacing one-third, :r I3r; of the Lithoppoo:ne Barium case Double Strength Lithopone. Faint Ho. 11.. Same--composition as Ho. 9. bit with complete re- ent of normal Lithopone with Barium Base D. S. Lithopone. Paint Ho. 12. Same composition as Ho. $, bit with replacement of f^pone with M.S. 130 (55^ Zinc Sulphide, 35'1 Asbestine, 1C Mica). Ihis series therefore represents a transition from high Blanc Fixe l^^tsat through lesser contents to complete replacement with a silicate type of pigment containing an appreciable percentage of Mica, IJlfeL vlfey.-;.!; 1 ra^. conducted in ? similar a:nner to the preceding. exposures were pre- 0007 -SWP-000006866 p ;.* n;- a.-. -vFP: vv' ''* >'' % :; :7^4^isss?r -"' -6 - After an exposure period of approximately 4 summers, the follor- > r?^*0113 were noted: Paint Ho. 9 - Lithomone - had checkins and cracking with slight wm. s* no derate chalking, some erosion, fair whiteness. These results check "ST observations as representing avera.ge performance of this type of paint. jj*' viVif'. j?*t ' Faint ITo. 10 - Lithoncr.e and D. S. Lithooone - definite checking tth'iJx'ar.'-f`r-~ yt ,`fT- fij- ` 1 ' ^ercckinsr, much less severe than preceding, moderate chalking, no erosion, w3v^. shitensss. A definite improvement over the preceding. 'Paint Ho. 11 - D. S- Lithopone - slight to definite checking, ise similar to To. 10. A definite improvement over preceding. Should repfair customer acceptance in the second grade price field. paint 173. 12 - A the nine - Kicn - checkin very slight (local: very small area), .chalking slight to mode-rate, a .teress excellent, td represent a good - paint in the moderate price range. 0 0 0 7 -SW P-0 0 0 0 0 6 8 6 7 ?Xi damnification x 2 vv ,3 This series represents another approach to ex acceptable paint in jl'jcietat'e price field based on codifications of S.W. Family. Paint Shite, Rex ^ increasing the pigment from 750 lbs. to SS5 lbs. Length of exposure and ^jation of panels similar to preceding series. i The Family Paint pigment percentage composition is represented by: lrt 54$ Barium Base D. S. Lithopone 14^ Leaded Zinc 35/^5 325 Asbestine The type formula selected was: 33-I/3S 3arium Base D. S. Litho. (Cryntone) 33-1/3^ I-eoded Zinc 35/b5 33_l/3^ Inert Pigment m Faint Ho. 13 -Added Inert pigment, half Asbestine, half Silica. - Sere cracking, initial flaking, moderate chalkir.c, fair whiteness. ill'. . ' Faint Ho. 1- Aided Inert Pigment .Talc. Si: checking and ing, some erosion, fair whiteness. A marked imorava .ent over paint Ha. 1'. 0007-S1W-OOOOOG868 mi 1 M.-.jr If icat ion x 2 Adjoining Sections Same Panel. Black Line Stowing Division a.", fJ No. This brief series is related to the No. 1 series being based cn following pigment compos it ion, bat exposed on Thite Fine: 30# Zinc Sulphide US-a Loaded Zinc 24# Inert pigment paint No. 16 - "K" Zinc Sulphide, Inert Pigment 2/3 Asbestine, Silica. Bad checking and cracking, considerable to bad flaking, moderate king. > paint No. I? - $ Zinc Sulphide, Inert pigment 3/4 Asbestine, or C& Mica. Very sli^nt checking, no cracking, chalking moderately, slight toiion. performance nearly comparable to that of SP Vhite. Faint No. 17 - "Z!! Zinc Sulphide, Inert 7:great -3/4 Asbestine, d cracking u-- v.. flaking. Indicating that '.-'ica is not sufficient ar.ee the 1,rck of durability inherent in h.'.2 "K" Zinc Sulphide, .igher Kica per centage - 24^ - in Paint- No . } partially overcame that Kikness. ilicussion of P,esults: Slile these paints represent modification ox established types, Wchondized at the time these exposure tests were began, and therefore do not War the experimental field in a thorough manner, the results strongly indicate ^ the micaceous types of Inert Pigments can greatly increase durability of *^ed paints, especially those made with the Zinc Sulpuide pigments. ll The use of substantial percentages of a Talc, the particles of which shew a definite plate or flake formation give considerable improvement in dur ability over Asbestine or admixtures of Asbestine and ordinary Silica. 0007-SWP-000006870  *. rSfcf u. ; f, ' - 10 - *. `'pe tt8e '^lcia is substantial percentages, 2*f;5 .to 33& ir- paints j!os. 7 and . r 15. exhibit a durability, whiteness and- general rppeer: nee equal to sv? if K*^ Ihite. Tli-2 dirt sneddixu: qualities.; rs i*xc<?llont. . K10 use of '?ica in srx.ll percent; ges, j b, along- with sabstahticl ifAdyii\ "7: ^ percentages of Asbestine, Points "os. 12 and 17, increases .the durability * ' a>- *" j}gH| -- a ::iGr*ce- extent ever Asoestir.e cmne or "ale alone, cut does not raisp the- durability to -that of SF? finite. The indications are that very satisfactory' results can be obtained [' within. the limits of a Mica content of 1C;* to 203, both as -to durability and is?.'-'.. 7-sf/j^SM^ 4i*t shedding qualities.' *v* -wj -2Eh | ' ' An examination of the films durir..; ana at the close :: this exoosure neriod .'* Jl ; * indicates that ,4 of leaded Zir.c is slightly high v . the- rate of chalking and 'searing away of the film should be increased so... -hat. to prevent ulti mate excessive creckina. The ?3~l/5u .Leaded Zinc content appears to be a *j| desirable finure. Indicated acceptable limits cure p.Cf- to -tC'-. . . 'ti'lla ' These exposure results confirm previous fi tings .to .the effect that as the [V Blanc Fixe contests' of the Lithcpcne pi. neats are progressively replaced *ith micaceous Silicate pi aments, the durability progressively increases. ... It is interesting'to aote that with Faint To. Ip, the presence of 333 *5ice '* fr js t&tf-'.JB counteracted the lo-3 of Flare Fixe, this taint comnarir..- favorably with S'T? ~iite ir. all resnects. The repainting characteristics of the files points r-main to bo determined. Indications cased on the presort .characteristics of the film are regarded ds favorable. . 0007-SWP-000006871 Ike possibilities of developing c. Zinc Sulphide - Larded Zinc - Mica formula, ,_|0f the tints end light colors of c first erode paint line and at a lower f '- jQgt, are considered good. This subject will be giver. especial considera?' non during the coming year. lability of Mica; T Experience indicates that Mica for nixed paint purposes should be |jr ground, not dry ground, in order to produce a maxinun surface area with a thickness of the particles. hnplc raw material stocks are available at low costs. The expense Ittte of water, grinding is high, which with relatively snail consumption, has ted in an undesirably high price. It is understood that a large nil! is being built near Ashville, Forth Carolina, which i: .xpected to produce a tcble grade of Mica at a considerably lower cost. :SLE C. 2. Kelley 0007-SWP-000006872