Document jmdzBznZ51qvVG2RgQVNQEnJN

FILE NAME: Reichhold (REI) DATE: 1964 Oct 31 DOC#: REI014 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Article from Trade Journal - Science Newsletter October 31, 1964 Fastest and Mightiest See Page 279 fc O L A B B I O L O G Y I N S T R U C T I O N S E R I E S A complete teaching unit FOR THE S T U D Y OF BACTERIA and their sensitivity to antibiotics and germicides T COLA B &&$!!&}JH; Visible Dome Incubator Also Available 11-66G BACTERIOLOGICAL TEACHING KITS 53.25 ea. 12 o r m ore K its . . . $ 3 .0 0 e a . F.O .B Chicago Heights W IM J PRODUCT Valuable to the performance of innumerable laboratory experiments with microorganisms and demonstrating bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics and other drugs, disinfectants and germicides. TEACHING UNIT CONTAINS: 8 plastic sterile disposable petri dishes. e 1 vial of Ringer's Solution containing 1% sodium hexametaphosphate which will dissolve a calcium alginate swab 8 sterile calcium alginate swabs packaged one per envelope. 1 vial Stuart's Transport Medium which can retain the viability of bacterial speci mens for as long as two to three weeks. 1 10 0 ml screw cap vial for procuring liquid or solid specimens, 2 bottles each containing 100 ml of a highly nutritive bacteriological medium. 6 packets containing Multidisk sensitivity discs impregnated with; Green Blue Yellow N Pink Red Purple Penicillin Streptomycin Chlortetracycline Neomycin Erythromycin Chloramphenicol 2 sterile blank Multidisks which may be used to show the bacterial activity of germicides and disinfectants Literature on Teaching Kit and Visible Dome Incubator Available on Request, C O L A B L A B O R A T O R I E S , I N C . C h i c a g o h e i g h t s , Il l i n o i s , u .s .a . In Canada order from ; CONSOLIDATED LABO RATO RIES (CANADA) LTD 66 Milvan Drive, Weston, Ontario Science News L e n fr fo i Octobn 51, 19G4 2, PH YSIO LO GY Talk Via Brain W aves Controlling the activity of brain waves might enable paralyzed stroke victims, despite their lack of muscle move ment, to communicate with others-- By W illiam MacLaurin ^ A NEW TWIST in interpreting brain waves shows promise as a possible way to bring paralyzed stroke victims out of their "living death" world of no muscle move ment back into the world of communication. As with many great scientific advances, the discovery was made unintentionally. During an experiment in which a scientist was measuring his own brain waves, he was suddenly impressed with the fact that he could control their activity Dr. Edmond M. Dewan, Air Force Cam bridge Research Laboratories, Han scorn Air Force Base, Bedford, Mass., told S c ie n c e S e r v ic e it was at that time that he recog nized the possibility of communicating with brain waves. The particular brain waves he has been working with arc called alpha waves, It is believed these waves are produced by a gen eralized flow of electricity through the gray matter of the brain. The interesting thing about these waves is that they can be controlled without muscle movement All a person has to do to turn them on is relax as if going to sleep To turn them off, all one has to do is concen trate on a scene or object For this reason, Dr. Dewan believes these waves can conceivably be used as a com munication device for persons who have lost their ability to move. Once such a person has learned how to manipulate his alpha wave rhythm pattern, it becomes possible for him to communicate through Morse Code, or some other simple response system. Dr. Dewan said one possible drawback to his idea is that all people do not have the ability to turn their alpha waves on and off. It is believed by some experts, however, that the majority of people can. The process of recording these brain waves is really quite elementary, Dr. Dewan said. It consists of nothing more than plac ing electrodes on the head and running the signals emitted through a special amplifier and filter to eliminate all other waves except the normal 10-cycle-per-second alpha waves. This apparatus is hooked to a switch that allows electricity to flow when the alpha waves come through. When the alpha rhythm is blocked the switch goes off, stopping the current As of now, no stroke victims have been tested with the system. The only "guinea pig" who has been used is Dr Dewan him self, but he is thinking about expanding his experimental sample Dr. Dewan said brain wave communica tion is not a way to read other people's minds. It is simply a device whereby one person can "speak his mind" without vocal izing or without moving a muscle. Other brain waves could also be used someday for communication, Dr. Dewan said. Science N ews Letter, 86:275 October 31, 1964 have been testing arrangements of one to ten vibrators to determine what patterns can be discriminated from others. By doing this they hope to discover "vocabulary" pat terns which will not become mixed up when a message is transmitted. While the Princeton scientists are doing much that may be of great practical impor tance to man in the future, they emphasize that their role is that of basic researchers. "We have not looked into the question of the whole range of individual differences in sensitivity, or things like that, very much --just what the skin can do," Dr. Geldard said. "If one subject can do it, that is enough to show that it is possible " Science N ew s Letter, 86:272 October 31, 1964 PH YSIO LO GY Brain W aves Link Blood Pressure and Mind > BRAIN ACTIVITY is die major determinant of blood pressure during sleep, a medical researcher told the American Heart Association meeting in Atlantic City. Dr. David W. Richardson of the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, said he and other investigators found this to be so by measuring electrical brain waves in 19 healthy persons while they slept. Persons who were awake could not be used because the brain's waves are "drowned out" by other body processes. Blood pressure was found to drop grad ually as sleep deepened, Dr Richardson said. However, an abrupt decrease in the depth of sleep was always accompanied within two seconds by a sharp rise in blood pressure. Co-authors of the paper presented by Dr. Richardson were Dr John A. Honour of Oxford, England, and Dr. George W Fenton of London. Science N ew s Letter, 86:275 October 31, 1964 PSYCHOLOGY Hearing Through Skin' ^ STEER an airplane without using eyes and ears? Exciting research being conducted at Princeton University, Princeton, N .J, may someday make such a feat possible. It may also permit blind and deaf persons to gain experiences that would normally be outside their world,, This research deals with "skin communi cation," or perceiving through the skin, messages that have been restricted to other senses. At Princeton, scientists have been trying to get the skin to follow a language in much the same way that the ear does. Dr. Frank A. Geldard, professor of psy chology at Princeton, and a leader in skin communication research, is approaching the problem of hearing through the skin by using vibrations. These vibrations are ar ranged in "vibratese" or a vibrator language that has 45 elements. This new language was developed because past experiments have shown that skin can not distinguish well between voice frequen cies. For example, when the fingertips arc plated upon the diaphragm of a loudspeaker, a rise in "loudness" is perceived as a drop in "pitch." So far, experiments with the new lan guage have appeared promising. One person who was taught vibraiese received messages at 38 words per minute with 90% accuracy. The military standard for Morse Code is only 18 words per minute. Vibratese is passed on to the skin by a small vibrator invented by Dr. Geldard's close associate at Princeton, Dr. Carl E. Sherrick. The vibrator is light, powerful and can be attached anywhere on the body. Dr. Sherrick told S c i e n c e S e r v ic e that definite learning processes are needed for people to pick up this skin communication. It does not have mystical and other-world connotations as does another skin phenome non, "finger sight " A big difference between the two is that finger sight--the ability some people seem to have of differendating between colors with their fingers--does not involve pressure stimulus as does skin communication with vibrations, Dr. Sherrick indicated. For the past year, the Princeton scientists C utler-H aram ei CELL A N A L Y Z E R -- T his new sys tem for cellular studies, the CYD AC cytophotom eter, speeds up cell analy sis and records resulting data fo r later com puter processing. T he device tvas developed by Cutler-Hammer's A irborne In stru m en ts Laboratory D ivision for the N ational Cancer Institute. 276 S cience N ews L e i ter jo t O c to b e r 31, 1964 Doctors Trim 2 Inches Off Flabby Waists! German doctor, at the famous Max-Planok Institute have discovered an lnatant~workout method that can reduce waistlines In 3 0 days. Called "Isometrlo Con tractions," one 60-second daily workout can reduce waistline fa st 10 simple exercises can put the whole family In shape fast. No sweat, strain or tiring repe titions. Acclaimed Inter nation a lly by physiologists, coaches, athletes. Results guaranteed. Free-, illustrated Information, Write A W A R D - W I N N I N G I S O M E T R I C S . Minute Home-Gym, Ino., Dept. B , 37 Centuck Sta tion, Yonkers, N. Y . 1 0 7 1 0 . It's Like Driving In A Contour Chair! W IT H T O U R rcat AUTO M O TIV E HEAD REST e n g in e e ie d for d riv in g p leasu re. U n til you ueb TO UR n i t y o u can 't p o ssib ly a p p r e c ia te w h a t it a d d s in co m fort. P a te n te d a d ju stm e n t m akes r ela x in g p a ssen g er head rest. OR su p p orts back and sh o u ld e r s to keitp dr Ivor a lert. I la lp s p r e v e n t " w h ip la sh In ju ries" . S trap s on in seco n d s w ith u n jq u a fittin g s, sta y s p ut. Shap ed foam , w ith rich lea th er-so ft v in y l caver, gold trim . S p ecify ! arm y, w h ite , red , h e ig e , b lu e , ta n , or b lack . SB .B B p o s tp a id . D e lu x e fo r d r iv e r 9 8 . 9 5 . (O rder M o d el V for V olk sw agen ) Send ch eck or m on ey order to . . . T O U R reat C orp., D ept S N 1 0 , 5H 1 N . F ed era l, D en v er, C olo. 8 0 2 2 1 SURPLUS SATELLITE ceach BATTERIES T h ese G overnm ent su rp lu s storage b attery c e lls are n ick el-ca d m iu m s in tered p la te ty p e u sed in sa te llites and m is s ile s due to ch a ra cteristics n o t p o ssessed b y an y o th er b attery, ie: L ifetim e serv ice, con stan t voltage d u rin g d isch n ig e, ex trem e tem p era tu re ran ges, d isch a rg es in a n y p o si tio n , com p act, h ig h d isch a rg e rates (up to 2 5 tim e s am p ere h ou r capac ity ), n o corrosive fu m es, n o t harm ed b y sto ra g e, overch a rg in g and freezin g . CELLS ARE 1 .2 3 V EA . REGARD LE SS OP TYPE. R ep lace w ith th ese c e lls to operate any eq u ip m en t u sin g dry or w et b atteries w h ore porta b ility , d ep en d a b ility , and ru gged n esa are r e q u isites. S e lec t c e lls from lis t to b est fit ap p lica tio n . NICKEL-CADMIUM PLASTIC CASED CELLS: Ease AH4C AH4R AH6 AH20N AH34N AheoN Ampere Hours 4-6 4-6 4-6 6-10 20-50 30-40 60-80 Dimeni ions Inches Height Width Dagth e.oo 2.00 6.00 2.00 Is 4e..0o0o 22.0102 .3 .037 8.12 3.12 1.06 9.38 3.12 1.38 11.25 5.00 1-38 (N) New (u) Uaed Wt. Condi- Esse Oza. tien Price 6 U 9 .90 eU 1.49 aN 2.49 aN 4.0 5 40 U 4.95 52 u 9.95 104 u 14.95 Type ending in W or nylon eased; others are aertlle p la stic . NICKEL-CADMIUM S TEEL CASED CELLS: T y p e 1VI 3 0 , s i z e 8 . S 7 5 x 3 X 1 . 7 5 0 , W t . 3 1 / j l b s . 3 0 AH- U sed* $ 2 .9 5 , N ew $ 5 -9 S per c e ll. A ircraft 2 8 V. B attery m ad e up w ith 2 0 of th e se c e lls-- U sed * SGO, N ew $ 1 2 5 . O verall siz e 1 0 " x 10" x 10" . W t.. a p p r o x . flO ib s - T y p e L A L 12H N IC A D , 6 0 A H 1 2 V,. la b o r a to r y b a tte r y m a d e u p in h a rd w o o d rack w ith 1 0 c e lls , o v e r a ll Size H V 2 X 5 X 2 6 1 /4 " . W t- 1 0 0 lb s --N aw $ 1 2 5 , IR O N -N IC K EL: T y p e B -4 E d iso n 3 0 AH - 6 V . b a tte r y o f 5 c e lla in hardw ood rack, u sed --$ 2 5 , N ew --$ 4 0 . O verall siz e a p p r o x . I S x l u x 6 " . A p p r o x , w t . 5 0 ItaB G u aran tee: A ll c e lls are g u a ra n te ed fo r s a tis fa ctio n or y o u r m o n e y b a ck e x c e p t c e lls m a rk ed w ith , an a ste risk (* ) W hich are se n t as r e c e iv e d fro m u se d G o vern m en t sto c k s a n d n o t ch eck ed b efo re sh ip p in g. SEND FOR FREE PAM PHLET. ESSE RADIO COMPANY 208 5. Meridian St-, IndjnnnpnMe, Indiana 46225 MEDICINE Danger of Lung Cancer In Asbestos Workers > ASBESTOS WORKERS are in great danger of lung cancer and asbestosis, a seri ous lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos dust. A conference on biological effects of asbes tos in New York City, sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences was told that cancer in these workers, either in the chest or elsewhere in the body, is believed related to exposure to asbestos dust. A study of more than 1,500 asbestos insu lation workers in the New York-New Jersey area showed that of the 307 who died dur ing the past 20 years, 40% had died of can cer and 5% to 6% had died of asbestosis. Of those who started to work with asbes tos 40 or more years go, 94% gave X-ray evidence of asbestosis, Dr. I. J. Selikoff of Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, said. Another study, reported by Dr. W. J. Smithei of the Asbestos Research Council, London, revealed a definite increase in the occurrence of lung cancer among workers in an east end asbestos factory in London. A surprising discovery, Dr. Smither said, was that a relatively high number of cancers started in the pleura and peritoneum, the membranes lining the chest and abdominal cavities, and covering the organs within these cavities. Asbestos dust is also affecting the lungs of city dwellers, regardless of whether or not they are asbestos workers, Dr. J. G. Thom son of the University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa, pointed out. Autopsies of 500 persons over 15 years of age in Cape Town and 500 more in Miami, Fla., showed asbestos "bodies" in many lung smears. (Asbestos bodies are asbestos fibers coated widi an iron-containing substance.) The use of asbestos has increased greatly in the past 50 years. Asbestos cement prod ucts such as pipes, flat and corrugated sheets and shingles, manufactured in most coun tries of the world, make up the largest use of asbestos. The second largest use of asbes tos is in the manufacture of asphalt and vinyl asbestos floor tile. Science News Letter, 96:276 October 31, 1964 PUBLIC HEALTH Urge T8 Checks for Department Store Santas DEPARTMENT STORE Santa Clauses should have tuberculin tesLs or chest X-rays because of their intimate contact with young children, the National Tuberculosis Asso ciation warns. Last year, at least one child developed tuberculosis after climbing up on the lap of a department store Santa Claus to ask for presents.. The association has issued a special Christmas season message to all department stores and other retail establishments em ploying Santa Clauses to be sure these jolly Saint Nicks arc as healthy as they look. * Science News Letter, 86:276 October 31, 1964 DENTISTRY-- How have Army dentists been coping with mouth and jaw injuries in primitive areas? p. 281. EDUCATION-- What new method is being used to fight illiteracy in underprivileged areas? p- 278. PSYCHOLOGY-- How can a person hear through skin? p. 275. PUBLIC HEALTH--Why should Santa Clauses be required ta take tuberculosis tests? p. 276. SPACE-- What new innovations highlight the recently unveiled F-111 fighter plane, better known as TFX? p 279. TECHNOLOGY-- How have scientists been tak ing a new look at the internal structure of the earth? p. 280 ^ ^ Vr v Y '. * ~v'~' *r c''~r SCIENCE NEWS LETTER V O L 86 O C T O B E R 31, 1964 N . 18 Edited by WATSON DAVIS The Weekly Summary of Current Science, pub lished every Saturday by SCIENCE SERVICE, Inc., 1719 N St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036. NOrih 7- 2255. Cable Address: SCIEN5ERVC Subscription rates: 1 yr., $5.50; 2 yrs., $10.00; 3 yrs., $14.50; ten or more copies in one package to one address, 71/2 cents per copy per week; single copy, 15 cents, more than six months old, 25 cents. No charge far foreign postage.. Change of address: Three weeks notice is required. Please state exactly how magazine is addressed. Include zip code. 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I n d e x e d in R e a d e r 's G uide to Periodical L itt:a tu ie , A bridged G uide, and th e E n g in e e rin g I n d e x J e m her o f A u d it B u r e a u of C irculation SCIENCE SERVICE The Institution far the Popularization of Science organized 1921 as a non-profit corporation. Board af Trustees-- Nominated by the American Association for the Advancement of Science: Alhelstan F. Spilhaus, University of Minnesota; Wallace R, Brode,*** Washington, D. C.; Bowen C. Dees, National Science Foundation. Nominated by the National Academy of Sciences: Henry Allen Mae, The Clark Foundation; Harlow Shapley, Harvard College Observatory; Detlev W. Bronk, Rockefeller Institute. Nominated by National Research Council: Leonard Carmichael,* National Geographic Society; Benjamin H. W illier, Johns Hopkins University; Eric A. Walker, Pennsylvania State University, Nomi nated by Journalistic Profession: O. W. Riegel, Washington and Lee University; Gordon B, Fister, Allentown (Pa,) Call-Chronicle; Ralph B. Curry, Flint Journal. Nominated by the Scripps Estate: Edward J. Meeman, Memphis Press-Scimitar; Ludwell Denny, Scripps-Howard Newspapers; Edward W. Scripps II,** Edward W. Scripps Trust. ` Presi dent; * ` Vice* President; ***Treasurer. Staff---Director: Watson Davis. Assistant Director: Dorothy Schriver. Writers: Ann Ewing, William MaeLaurin, Faya Marley, William McCann, Barbara Tufty, Judith Viorst, Walter Wingo, Ruby Yoshioka. 5donee Youth Division: Joseph H. Kraus. Photog raphy: Fremont Davis. Production: Marcia Nelson. Syndicate Sales: Forrest L. Snakenberg. Librarian: Margit Friedrich. Interlingua Division in New York: Alexander Gods, 80 E. 11th St., GRamercy 3-5410, Advertising Manager; fred A. Moulton, MEtropolitan 8- 2562, Washington, D. C. n e ? s >. ir e I ub ine., D rth '. 00> age 'igl nt* ess: ictly V pub- TER rtlier the ice - MGS ioks. rnin I ! at K- form J. S 3ers ? and U of i>f? 6K- ence lean lhel> lace >ees, the Wos, vard e lle r n ell: lety; E ric o m i- -g e l, tie r, urry. to te : Ludvard J L re si- e to r: Amoe b a ra oka tog* Iso n ria n : fo rk: 5410 lita n Science N ews L etter for Oitobet 31, 1964 277 GENERAL SC IEN CE Science Honored Hoover ASTRO N O M Y Quiet Sun is 'Acting Up' With Unusual Sunspots The late President Herbert Hoover, who promoted scientific advancement throughout his life, received some of ^ THE SUN, which is in the quiet phase of its 11-year activity cycle, is bursting forth with unusual sunspot and solar flare liveli the scientific world's highest honors-- By Barbara Tufty ness, a representative of International Quiet Sun Year's (IQSY) program reported > THE 31st PRESIDENT of the United States held honors no other President has held--among which is membership in the eminent scientific society, the National Academy of Sciences. Herbert Hoover, who died Oct, 20, was also the first American President to have an asteroid named for him. Hooveria, one of the thousands of minor planets orbiting around the sun, was discovered by Professor Johann Palisan of the University of Vienna, honorary degrees from 85 institutions in the United States and abroad; 468 medals, awards, honors, including 67 gold medals from American and foreign organizations and societies; and 60 honorary memberships in scientific and technical societies. Some of the awards for scientific merit include medals from the Mining and Metal lurgical Society of America for "distinguished contribution to literature of mining," from the National Academy of Sciences for "emi The present quiet period was preceded by the most turbulent noisy phase recorded since systematic observation of the sun's activity was started 200 years ago., Dr. Mar tin A. Pomerantz, chairman of the U.S. Committee for IQSY, reported this in Phys ics Today, Oct. 1964 Science N ew s Letter, 86:277 October 31, 1964 tech n o lo g y G iant Space Loom Austria, in March 1920, and named for Mr Hoover while he was engaged in providing food for Europe after World War I, before he was President. Mr. Hoover started his career as a mining engineer after his graduation in 1895 from Stanford University, Calif. He was in charge of very large mining enterprises in Australia, China, Burma, the Ural Mountains, Mongolian Siberia and South Africa. One early success in his min ing career was to advance the flotation process of mining in Australia and work out a means of profitably recovering the metal zinc from low-grade silver ore. During this technical stage of his life, Mr. Hoover successfully solved many social problems of workmen and their communi ties in areas throughout the world. For example, the Kyshtim project in the Ural Mountains maintained a community of 70,000 people who "were lifted by him through his scientific and social work from poverty and squalor to a high state of com nence in the application of science to the public welfare," from the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers for "achievement in mining," and in 1929 the John Fritz Gold Medal awarded jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Ameiican Institute of Mining and Metallur gical Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American In stitute of Electrical Engineers for notable scientific or industrial achievement. In 1900 he was the first recipient of the Hoover Medal fiom the American Institute of Mining Engineers, an honor instituted to commemorate Hoover's civic and hu manitarian achievements.. W ith his wife, Lou Henry, Mr. Hoover translated from original Latin a monumen tal book, "De Re Metallica," by G. Agricola, written in 1556 on mining and metallurgy, This translation appeared when Mr. Hoover was a resident in London, just before World War I, Science N ew s Letter, 86:277 October 31, 1964 W eaves Stainless Steel ^ A GIANT LOOM that can weave stain less steel, as well as normal yarn, is turn ing out goods for space. The loom produces structures made of a material called Airmat, two airtight layers of cloth, connected by a network of "drop threads" woven between them. Airmat is being made and studied by Goodyear Aero space Corporation, Akron, Ohio, as a means of converting boosters and free-falling re entry capsules into maneuverable glide vehicles. The loom, ordered as part of a United States Air Force contract, is one of the largest machines in the aerospace industry. Its product, Airmat, however, is not con fined to possible use in space. It has been used for projects as earthbound as gym nasiums for the U-S. Navy's Polaris sub marines. Science N ew s Letter, 86:277 October 31, 1964 fort and prosperity," stated the late Dr Ver non Kellogg, an original trustee of S c ie n c e S e r v ic e , early chairman of the National Research Council and close friend of Mr Hoover's.. Mr. Hoover constantly stressed the impor tance of science and strongly urged the sup port by the people of "pure or fundamental sciences as a necessary basis for continuing advance in applied science" "We have prided ourselves on our practi cality as a nation," he said in a speech in 1925 before the American Society of Me chanical Engineers. "Would it not be a practical thing to do to give adequate organ ized financial support to pure science? If, by chance, we develop a little contribution to abstract learning and knowledge, our nation will be immensely greater for it." In 1902, he was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a fellow in 1915 In 1922, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and in 1925 became chairman of a special board of men of science and public affairs called to estab lish a National Research Fund of several million dollars for the support of work in fundamental science. Goodyear LO O M T O W E A V E STEEL-- Stainless steel strands that are used to m ake A irm at material are shown being fed into the giant loom. A n engineer Possibly one of the most honored Presi inspects a sample o f the finished p roduct tuith th e m etallic threads stretched dents in our history, Mr Hoover received between the outer surfaces. 278 Science N ews L e ie r for October 31, 1964 EDUCATIO N program which was initiated early this Parent Learns With Child month. Project leaders hope that from the experi mental program, guidelines for determining wyr the effectiveness of science as a medium or > SCIENCE EXPERIMENTING, with both parent and child participating, may help overcome illiteracy in underprivileged areas. An experimental program which is de signed to fill the gaps in education that schools in deprived areas either could not or have failed to provide, is underway at Howard University in Washington, D C., under the direction of Dr. Joseph C. Paige Known as the Elementary Science Project, the program attempts to teach children and parents simultaneously. Children from kin dergarten through sixth grade arc given simple instructions for science experiments which they perform jointly with their par ents either in groups at school or in indi vidual homes Families are prepared for participation in the program by visits from coordinators and interviewers. Dr. Paige told S c ie n c e S e r v ic e that "a major view of the project is that these children and their parents are merely temporarily handicapped by the absence of some significant factors in their environ ment," and that "a major goal of the pro gram is to reduce the time of this disad vantage, especially in the science area." During the period March 1 through Sept. 30, materials were tested on a group of children and parents from a low socio economic area and evaluated. A further testing of materials and expan sion of the project will continue through the school year. In addition to the center in Washington, centers for the project have been established in North Carolina and at the East River Children's Center of Mills College of Edu cation in New York. A center is also planned for Jacksonville, Fla. Materials for the program include science packets, kits and simple items adapted to the group.. S ctE N C E S e r v ic e cooperated by supplying THINGS of science experimental kits Special adaptations of units on sound, color, taste, space materials, metals and magnetic force, among others, are being used in the tests.. Modifications of materials developed by Science Materials Center, Inc., New York City, W ard's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester, N .Y , and some of the new ex perimental science programs were also used. Because of the short attention span of children, the science experiments designed are short and simple, but still hold the in terest of the performers.. A new activity of the Elementary Science Project, Dr, Paige said, is to provide science participation experiences for children, aged 7 to 14, in cooperation with the Commis sioners* Youth Council of the District of Columbia,. The home experiences are supplemented with Saturday sessions held in the depart ment of physics on the Howard University campus. Graduate assistants, university tu tors and volunteers from the physical sci ence program and the natural science honors program serve as tutors and group leaders. Dr. Paige stated that activities are mostly performed using THINGS of science in this vehicle for the promotion of literacy in general may evolve. The project is supported by a grant from the Cooperative Research Branch, U S. Office of Education. Dr. Paige said that the project, now es tablished as a non-profit organization, has met with overwhelming success and prom ise. The present plan would extend the life of the program through 1971. Science N ew s Letler, 86:279 October 3 1 , 1964 TEC H N O LO G Y Computer Can Read Almost Illegible Writing > A GIANT COMPUTER is "learning" to read handwriting and hand printing rang ing in legibility from the efforts of gradeschool children to the fast scribbles of col lege professors. The success of this computer program, reported to the National Electronics Con ference in Chicago, brings closer the time when computers can tackle without human supervision such jobs as the scrutiny of income tax returns, the processing of bank checks and statements, even the appraisal of weather maps for forecasting. These and many other vital tasks could be handled by computers with high leading skills and the ability to learn from what they read To develop such ability in a machine means that it must first of all be pro grammed (instructed by tape or punch cards) to recognize various kinds of visual patterns--a problem on which engineers V U s > p T ti is t< al IT Cl tl II L P G ir a; rr A 1 a a ti e; u vs si SA and computer scientists have been working for the past eight years. Recognition of machine-printed letters is e relatively easy: investigators in the field f< have already developed such -computer pro o grams for research projects, although not for common commercial use. But to get o the computer to recognize and act on a r wider variety of visual patterns, none pre ti cisely alike and none completely predictable, d as in handwriting, weather maps or targets K in space, requires a system of far greater complexity. Today's development, reported by Prof. T King-sun Fu and graduate student C H. Chen, of the School of Electrical Engineer ing, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., takes a long step in that direction The Pur due computer learns from each new hand written or hand-printed sample it "secs," changing its programmed instructions so it can recognize still more varieties of the same letters. The researchers accomplished this by ap plying a sequential decision procedure, not previously used in practical problems of pat tern recognition E lem entaiy Science Project The computer makes a series of decisions 1 i l l pOrUinTcDipOleOs Ro f CsoLuAnSdSuRsOinOgMa--T IDLrI.NJGosSepohf sCc.iePncaeigeexpeexrpilmaiennstaslomk iet teolecmheilndtraerny inJnehxesteqrmeuoseuvnlect,e,oAftosetaathlcihengfciaanlacfluralsacttteiipoonnthgoeof vcaeorsmnescpounttheder and th eir parents in one o f th e N o rth Carolina groups o f th e Elem entary prints out the letter it recognizes Science Project. * Science N ew s Letter, 86:2 78 O ctober 31, 1964 Science N ews L e iie r for October 31, 1964 279 SPACE horizontally for one quarter of a mile, look r F-111 Gives and Takes ing, through actual windows, for the exact spot. On a completely unknown planet, such a terrain-following system as that of the F-111 might prevent a major catastrophe. New innovations-- the crew escape capsule, adjustable wings and low-level navigation system-- highlight the recently The F-111 is a true "idea plane," and could be responsible for benefits far beyond the scope of its own performance. unveiled F-l 11 supersonic fighter plane-- By Jonathan Eberhart Science N ew s Letter, B6:279 October 31, 1964 See Front Cover T H E F-111 SUPERSONIC FIGHTER changing the crews of long-life space sta plane, better known as the controversial tions to performing emergency space rescue TFX, borrows substantially from the na operations. tion's manned space program, and, in turn, As America's (and the world's) first vari is making some contributions of its own. able-wing airplane, the F-111 will be an The most spectacular item in the F-111 invaluable proving ground for numerous to come out of space research is the remark applications. able crew escape module, in which the two- Still another of the ties between the man crew would be ejected from the air "earthbound" F-l II and the exploration of craft in case of an emergency space is the navigation system Among the The capsule is similar in many ways to F-l IPs numerous electronic devices is a bi the Mercury and Gemini space vehicles zarre gadget called "terrain-following radar," In fact, McDonnell Aircraft Company, St. which could be just the thing to help Proj Louis, designer-builder of the capsule, was ect Apollo astronauts land the Lunar Excur picked for the job by F-111 contractor sion Module (LEM) on the moon. General Dynamics because of its expeiience Terrain-following radar is essentially a in ciew capsule design for such programs conventional, low-level radar system, coupled as Projects Mercury and Gemini to an elaborate electronic computer, which Emergency landing of the capsule is very in turn is coupled to the altitude controls much like that of the space-going versions. of the plane It enables the pilot to fly right A parachute is shot out of the top of the down at the "nap of the earth," below the capsule after a rocket motor has blasted the level of enemy radar detection systems. If N ational A eronautics and Space A dm inistration capsule clear of the plane A group of inflatable "balloons" beneath the capsule enable it to land "softly" on either land or water. The capsule is designed to stay right side up as it hangs from the parachute, but it will also automatically right itself if it a hill or some other obstacle suddenly looms up in front of the plane, the system will automatically lift the plane over the obstacle, reacting much more quickly than the pilot ever could. What help can this be on the moon? When the LEM and its crew are preparing SIM U LATED SPACE-- The nose fair ing for the Surveyor spacecraft ex pected to soft-land on the m oon9s sur face is undergoing tests in this space e n v ir o n m e n t ch a m b er at N A S A 9s Lewis Research Center in Cleve should somehow land upside down in the to land, they will have enough fuel to travel landi Ohio water. The capsule is similar to the Russian SPACE "Sunrise," in that it provides a "shirtsleeve environment," requiring no pressure suits even at maximum altitudes above 60,000 feet., The ciew of the F-111 will wear no oxygen masks, pressure suits or parachutes. Map Interplanetary Field A SATELLITE IN SPACE and an ob a lawn sprinkler, due to the spinning of Unfortunately, the many spectators and servatory instrument on the ground have the sun and to the flow of the "solar wind." officials at the first rollout of the plane at joined forces and "mapped" the shape and Dr. Norman F. Ness of the Federal space Fort Worth, Texas, Oct 15 were not able strength of the lines of force in the inter agency's Goddard Space Flight Center, to see the capsule. Due to its complicated design, the capsule will be in the hands of planetary magnetic field The satellite is the first Interplanetary Greenbelt. Md., developed the IMP-I experi ment. The solar magnetograph was the com McDonnell for some months. Monitoring Probe, IMP-I, launched last Nov bined project of Drs. Harold and Horace The capsule-less aircraft is shown on this 26. The other half of the team is the solar Babcock of Mt. Wilson, and is operated by week's front cover. Though the space-age crew escape module magnetograph at the Mount Wilson Ob Dr. Robert Howard of the observatory staff servatory, near Pasadena, Calif Their research has revealed that the mag is unique to the F-111, the feature by which the plane will no doubt be identified is the The data from the joint experiment have indicated that the magnetic field near the netic field changes direction over a 27-day cycle, with the change near the earth fol vaiiable-sweep wing. The wing, adjustable earth closely "mimics" the field at the visible lowing the one at the sun by four and a in flight from an almost straight-out sweep angle of 16 degrees to a radically swept 72.5 surface of the sun, the photosphere. Changes in the direction of the field on half days. The time delay indicates that the average velocity of the solar wind is 230 degrees, is not a borrower from the space the sun, detected by the Mt. Wilson mag miles per second. program, but rather a possible future bene netometer, are followed four and a half The rotation of the sun tends to curve factor of it. days later by similar changes in the mag the lines of force which are dragged out The reason for the adjustable wing is netic field near the earth, which are meas from the sun by the solar wind The faster apnot pat- L ions ond. the uter 1964 that it enables high performance of the plane both at subsonic speeds and at mximums above mach 2.5. Similar variable-wing designs have been suggested by many experts as the basis for future earth-orbital "shuttles"--vehicles that would perform well at the outermost fringes of the atmosphere, as well as throughout the descent to earth Such vehicles have been proposed for use in tasks ranging from ured by the magnetometers aboard the satellite. This indicates that the lines of force extend continuously across the 93 mil lion miles of space between sun and earth. The information from IMP confirms a theory called the "water-sprinkler" hypothe sis which says that the lines of force ema nating from the sun in the plane of the earth's orbit behave like streams of water whipping out from the whirling head ot the "wind," the straighter are the lines of force. At very high speeds, the lines would extend almost straight out, like the spokes of a wheel. The data from satellite and observatory are the latest in a series of findings showing that outer space is not space at all, but a sea of ionized gases, atomic particles, shifting magnetic fields and planetary debris. Science N e w s Leller, 86:279 G clober 31, 1964 280 Science N ews L eiter jor October 31, 1964 TECH N O LO G Y New Instruments Study Earth's Internal Make-up SCIENTISTS are taking a fresh look at the internal structure of the earth by means of new and sophisticated instruments for picking out subde earth vibrations. This report by a University of California at Los Angeles team follows observations made during the Chilean and recent Alas kan earthquakes. The group members, Drs. Louis B. Slichter, Gordon J. F MacDonald, Michele Caputo, and Clarence L. Hager of die In stitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics used two LaCoste-Romberg gravimeters, new and sensitive instruments that can measure slow global vibrations, or modes, during large earthquakes. Detecting modes during a shattering earthquake is somewhat like trying to pick out each separate note and overtone from a piano crashing off a truck. "First we must have very acute instru ments, then we have to strain the raw information through a computer to un scramble the mess, and then we spend months interpreting what we've got," Dr Slichter explained. Previously, scientists relied mainly on measuring the travel times of high-fre quency seismic waves to probe the earth's interior. The new method complements the older one, and each can serve as a check on the other. For instance, in analyzing the modes of the Alaska earthquake, the scientists found that the radial vibrations have a shorter period than expected from older earth-models. * Scienca N ews Letter, 06:280 O ctober 31, 1964 GEN ERAL SC IEN CE Nobel W inners Endorse Johnson and Humphrey > THIRTY-THREE Nobel Prize winners, ' including Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, head of the Atomic Energy Commission, and author John Steinbeck, have announced their sup port of President Lyndon B. Johnson and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey in the cur rent election campaign. A statement issued by the group said, . . the next President of the United States must be responsible . . . patient . . . (and) a man who understands and appreciates the nature of a nuclear age . . . "We have carefully examined the record of President Johnson and that of Senator Barry M. Goldwater. We believe President Johnson meets these qualifications and that his opponent does n o t" Dr. Konrad Bloch of Harvard University, whose work with cholesterol and fatty acids won him this year's Nobel Prize in Physi ology or Medicine together with Prof. Feo dor Lynen of the Max Planck Institute in Munich, was included among signers of the statement Of the 14 physics prizewinners in the group, all but one received their awards for research in atomic energy, beginning with Dr.. Carl D Anderson, now with the California Institute of Technology, who dis covered the positron in 1936. The most recently awarded physicist on the list is Dr. Maria Geoppert-Mayer of the University of California, who shared with another scientist her 1963 Nobel award for work on the shell theory of the atomic nucleus. Besides the physics prizewinners, the group includes 14 prizewinners in medicine and physiology, four in chemistry and one in literature. The group declared itself united by the belief that . . the great issue of the im pending election is the issue of war and peace." Science N ew s Letter, 86:280 O ctober 31, 1964 GENERAL SC IEN CE Two Eminent Scientists Disagree on Candidates DIFFERING OPINIONS on what will happen to science when Barry M. Goldwater or Lyndon B. Johnson is elected President are voiced by two renowned scientists in Science, 146:380, 1964 Standing behind Senator Goldwater is Dr. Edward Teller, associate director of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Cali fornia, and a member of the Republican Task Force on Science, Space and the Atom, In favor of President Johnson's election is Dr. George B. Kistiakowsky of Harvard University, co-chairman of Scientists and Engineers for Johnson. Under President Johnson, the U S. could expect continuing Federal support of sci ence, technology and education, says Dr. Kistiakowsky, who served as science ad viser to President Eisenhower. He stated that Senator Goldwater, on the other hand, advocates a withdrawal of government funds from a whole series of programs, including education. "Senator Goldwater's attitude toward Fed eral support of science in general or basic research in particular is difficult to deter mine," Dr, Kistiakowsky added. However, "his actions have been and are most likely to be counter to Federal support of many vital scientific activities." Dr. Teller, who played a key role in the development of the hydrogen bomb, feels that under a Goldwater administration, there might be a lesser emphasis on big science and greater encouragement for indi vidual and local initiatives to continue America's exploration of science. "Our space program may begin to look more like science and less like a stunt," Dr. Teller said, commenting upon the "ex travagance" of the "crash program" for the moon shot. By advocating less Federal spending on programs such as education, Senator Goldwater stands for a decentralized education plan, Dr. Teller believes. The Senator is not a typical professional politician, but a man personally interested in the woild of technology, states Dr. Teller. "I believe he will not take a superficial view of the development of science," he said. Science N ew s Letter, 86:280 October 31, 1964 jir'i fe "-,;.,., i 1 f ig r j r * m I P ffe j g n TECH N O LO G Y New Computer Technique Designs Furnace W alls ^ DESIGNERS of big commercial furnaces can save time and money by using an elec tronic computer, thanks to the Federal Bu- reau of Mines. ] The bureau has developed a computer i technique that will compare insulating prop- / erties, wall thickness and costs of many different wall materials, eliminating tedious !* paper-and-pencil methods. The procedure can be applied to many types of furnaces, from those used in power plants to heating *| units for large buildings. Science N ew s Letter, 86:280 O ctober 31, 1964 PUBLIC HEALTH Encephalitis Hits More Women Than Men ^ COOL WEATHER in New Jersey has driven die mosquito Culex pipiens indoors and as a result, twice as many women as men have been hit by insect-borne encepha litis, S c ie n c e S e r v ic e has learned. Dr; Harry D. Pratt, a scientist director in the U S. Public Health Service, with headquarters at the Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga., said that 32-degree weather in New Jersey had driven the in fected mosquitoes into chicken coops, ga rages and houses. "Mosquitoes get the encephalitis infection from birds when the insects bite them," Dr. Pratt said. "Then if the mosquitoes live two weeks the infection gets into their salivary glands and people get infected from the insect's saliva. That thing that bites you is injecting infected saliva." Although birds are the normal reservoir for St. Louis encephalitis, which is the type in New Jersey for the first time, public health service officials are doing an extensive job in that state trapping other wildlife such as bats, rabbits and squirrels to see if these animals also harbor the virus. Encephalitis has reached a new high in the United States this year, with nearly half of the more than 2,000 suspected cases caused by mosquitoes Encephalitis is also known to follow measles and mumps. A total of 938 cases of suspected mosquitoborne encephalitis has been reported in 1964. The previous high in any one year was 625 suspected cases in 1956. Dr. Pratt, who received the 14th annual Gorgas medal in Washington, Oct. 21, dur ing the annual convention of the Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S., is credited with leading the program that wiped out malaria in Puerto Rico in 1946. He is now working on eradication of the Aedes aegypti mosquito where it still exists in the U.S,, This type of mosquito breeds near houses and transmits both yellow fever and dengue fever. Science N ews Leller. 96:280 O ctober 31, 1964 jp r SPA N. Fc Sp reci tist ma. 1 sele plei be hv In star S bv Ho req siiti 1 pile cial T Dec CO /v TV Ira p for line by graj fror. gon sitie Elec carr telcf M ILI*. M< Ea > B velo fied A. Gen land folic dc\ e Rc nuc' with Ni of ti that whic atom e :cs 20 11- X tcr >Pny ms ire es. ng i >64 l tas >rs as la- M or th ise ee il ia- an >r. vo ry he is >il oe ic re :h se in If i es so )\ o- 4. !5 al r- m :d jt I vv iti 5. is tc If I S4 I Science N ews L e i i j -r for October 31, 796 281 SPACE NASA Seeks Scientists For Space Flights * TH E NATIONAL AERONAUTICS and Space Administration announced that it will recruit between 10 and 20 volunteer scien tists to accompany U S astronauts on future manned space flights.. The program is beginning at once and selection of the first group should be com pleted by next spring. NASA officials said that applicants must be U.S. citizens, under six feet tall and have been boin on or after Aug. 1, 1930. In addition, certain academic and medical standards must be met. Screening of candidates will be conducted by NASA's manned space flight center at Houston, Tex., where applicants will be required to take part in a limited space simulation program; Those scientists selected will be given pilot training where necessary, NASA officials pointed out. The deadline for filing applications is Dec. 31, 1964. Science N e w s Loiter, 86:281 O ctober 31, 1964 CO M M UNICATIO NS TV Sends Microscope image O ver Phone Lines AN electron microscope image was sent for the first time over ordinary telephone lines using slow-scan television. W ith a system called Videx, developed by the International Telephone and Tele graph Corp., the images were sent 25 miles from the Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 111., to the McCormick Place Expo sition Center, Chicago, scene of the National Electronics Conference. The pictures were carried over the regular commercial voice telephone lines of Illinois Bell Telephone Co. Science N ew s Letter, 86:281 O ctober 31, 1964 M ILITARY SC IEN C E Making Nuclear Bomb Easier All the Time ^ BASIC PROBLEMS connected with de veloping a nuclear device have been simpli fied in recent years. Advanced nations such as Sweden, West Germany, Austria, Belgium, The Nether lands, Switzerland, Norway and Italy could follow the footsteps of Red China and also develop a bomb if they really want to ' Red China is believed to have begun its nuclear program during the Korean War with large technological boosts from Russia. Nuclear researchers have eliminated much of the expensive and time-consuming work that went into the U.S. Manhattan Project, which led to the development of the first atom bomb. Aspiring nuclear scientists from all over the world can now find most of the infor mation they need to build a bomb in their own public library. This fact, together with the great reduction in costs of equipment and raw materials, has taken away most of the difficulty of A-bomb construction. The Red Chinese explosion did not gen erate the public shock that the first Russian atomic blast did. As far back as 1960, Amer ican and Biitish scientists had predicted Red China would soon follow France in the development of an atomic bomb. It is estimated that the Red Chinese will not have an effective delivery system, such as missiles, to threaten anyone until the mid1970s. So, as long as Red China is unable to take the bomb beyond her own backyard, most observers feel there is no immediate cause for alarm. Science N ew s Lelter, 86:281 O ctober 31, 1964 DEN TISTRY Arm y Dentists Still Treat Arrow Wounds BAMBOO SPEARS and arrows cause jaw and facial injuries to infantrymen fight ing in primitive areas such as Viet Nam-- injuries requiring dental surgery at forward medical units. Col. Charles C. Ailing, U.S. Army chief of military dental research, told the 71st annual meeting of military surgeons of the United States in Washington that the larg est number of casualties to the mouth and jaw occur among infantry riflemen--the thin hard edge of the combat army. `T)uring the hot peace of the last decade," said Col. Ailing, "U.S. Army oral surgeons have trained and served on permanent and field hospital staffs throughout the world as integral members of the total military health team." Lightweight, rugged, dependable field equipment will be necessary for the mili tary dentist to serve combat tioops in the remote battlefields of the future, Col. Ailing said. Simple equipment must be kept up under the shocks of air drops and the ex tremes of temperature and humidity. The following are some of the needs of oral surgeons who serve fast-moving ground combat forces today: Simpler methods for sterilizing instru ments and soldiers' mouth wounds; anes thetics that will act unusually fast and allow rapid recovery; materials for repair work that would be strong enough for chewing, would stop decay and could easily be placed in a quickly and incompletely pre pared tooth; artificial denture frames devel oped from techniques that could be used in the field. Research projects to fill these needs are now being conducted by the Army, and Col Ailing anticipates fewer losses from duty for dental and mouth treatments in the near future. Army inductees also lose time for much dental work before they are ready for army service because of poor dental hygiene. Maj. Gen. Joseph L. Bernier, chief of the Army Dental Corps, collaborated in the research reported by Col. Ailing Science N ew s Letter, 86:281 O ctober 31, 1964 M ED ICIN E Circumcision Urged To Prevent Cancer ^ ALL BOY BABIES should be circum cised to prevent cancer of the male sex organ and to cut down the number of malig nancies of the neck of the womb (cervical cancer) among women, advised a New Jer sey physician. The reason for circumcision is cleanliness, to prevent accumulation of an irritating mixture called smegma in the narrow space between the male glans and the overlying foreskin., There is little cervical cancer among Jewish women, studies have shown, and this is believed due to the fact that Jewish males are customarily circumcised Dr. Sidney A. Gladstone of Paterson, N.J., told the American Society of Clinical Pathologists meeting in Bel Harbour, Fla., that mounting evidence showed the protec tive value of circumcision. About 25,000 women in the United States develop cervical cancer every year, and somewhere between 2,000 and 6,000 men are variously reported as having sex-organ cancer. A recent study of 120 cancers of the male sex organ, reported by Dr Archie L. Dean Jr., of the New York Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, showed that none of the patients had been circumcised in infancy. Among the Hindus of India and China, who do not practice circum cision at all, the number of cases of male sex-organ cancer is very large Nearly 20% of the cancer in Chinese males is this type of cancer, and as many as 10% of male cancer victims in India are afflicted. Cervical cancer becomes apparent about 20 years after a woman's sexual intercourse begins, Dr. Gladstone said, This type of cancer does not occur in the absence of sexual intercourse, as among nuns, but prostitutes have it most commonly. He said this is presumably because they have the greatest exposure to smegma from contact with a large number of uncircumcised men. Science N ew s le tte r, 86:281 October 31, 1964 M ED ICIN E Mongrel Dog Survives Liver Transplant ^ TH E LIVER may prove to be less of a transplant problem than the kidney if an animal experiment in Denver is an indi cation of what can be expected of humans. A mongrel Denver dog has been living seven months since the transplant, two months without the drug imuran This drug is used to offset the immunity problem that usually causes rejection, Dr. Thomas E, Starzl of the University of Colorado Medical School and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Denver, told the 50th annual meeting of the American Col lege of Surgeons in Chicago that the dog liver had been transplanted from an unre lated mongrel and so far the organ had been accepted without problems. Scien ce N e w s t e lle r , 86:281 O ctooer 31 , 1964 282 Science N ews L eiter for October 31, 1964 W aste Into Energy Industry now is easing many headaches by burning useless waste products in giant furnaces and creating valuable tion, combustion and recovery of waste heat and chemicals make problems for the engi neer, but repay the investor with fuel sav heat energy. ings and reclaimed cooking chemicals. Some manufacturers report installing boilers that will burn peanut shells and By RALPH TH OM AS have pursued waste heat utilization through even coffee grounds from an instant coffee many years of research and development. plant to make steam. PEANUT SHELLS, coffee grounds, bark, sawdust, sugar canc fibers--in short, almost everything but the pig's squeal--is being burned as waste material in our nation's huge industrial boilers to produce heat energy to cut fuel costs and to dispose of cumbersome by-products. Every homeownei can testify that the piles of leaves, twigs, grass and dried weeds gathered from the backyard are a disposal problem. The most obvious solution is in burning the refuse, which is cheaper than paying to have it hauled away. If the "burn it" policy could proauce additional savings on household fuel and hot water bills, the method would be even more inviting. Although homeowners can not use this method, industry is adopting such a system of burning unused materials to slash waste and cut soaring operating costs. Waste-Heat Categories Steam-generating boilers separate into three basic categories--those burning liquid or solid waste products, those using heat from process gases or those burning waste gases directly. In today's boilers, a surprising array of by-products can be fired with an auxiliary fuel or burned directly to dispose of them more economically. Boilers burning liquid or solid wastes are designed to fire such by-product fuels as wood, bark, shavings, sawdust and sander dust, such used chemi cals as spent cooking liquor from pulping processes, peanut shells, and even bagasse, which is a sugar cane residue. Bagasse has become an economically sig nificant "waste fuel" in certain parts of the world. One of the world's largest bagasse boilers was installed in Puerto Rico's big Another method is being used by an Alaskan pulp mill. It is saving on fuel and power costs by burning its bark and lignin waste products in a specially designed boiler, which generates steam for the mill's pulping process, The results are evident-- a reduction in waste disposal problems while cutting fuel costs. Boilers that burn waste gases or use their heat involve complex engineering studies and custom-made units. Many high-tempera ture gases must be cooled to collect and recover metallic solids carried in the waste gas. Such units are installed in copper refin ing furnaces, cement and rotary kilns, gas turbins, open hearth and oxygen converter furnaces for the steel industry, and petro leum refineries. Carbon Monoxide Boiler One unit of this kind, made by Babcock Fuel Savings Are High gest sugar mill. Steam generated from burn & Wilcox for the petroleum industry, is ing this potentially burdensome by-product known as the carbon monoxide boiler. It Much is written about industry's progress in automatic control systems, highly com plex production machinery, step-saving proc esses and a host of other widely heralded developments. is used throughout the mill for process and power generation. Pulp and paper mills require large quan tities of steam and power, which are par tially generated by burning liquors Collec collects and burns carbon monoxide gas pro duced in the catalytic cracking of petroleum for high octane gasoline. Steam generated by the carbon monoxide unit runs machin ery and heats the refinery's buildings. Less well known, but just as important, is industry's search to cut fuel bills and to retrieve some of the millions of dollars that almost literally pour from smoke stacks daily. Prospective fuel savings alone are enough to stimulate a second look at the chamber in which fuel is burned, called the furnace However, there are other reasons for con sidering what materials are burned and how. Industrial processes and improper fuel combustion often cause disposal problems and pollute air, rivers and streams. Special equipment can extract valuable heat energy and convert many leftover ma terials to useful products, while curbing pollution. It can also wring valuable energy from many of the materials once hauled to the dump for a pricc. Installation of such "waste heat" units has grown by leaps and bounds during the past decade. Making use of by-product fuels, gases and waste heat is a complicated engineering problem Each plant and process has spe cific conditions calling for custom-made equipment. The range of operating require Babcock & W ilco x Co. ments has led to many designs of units for such basic industries as pulp and paper, petroleum, smelting and steel. Leading manufacturers of steam-generat ing equipment--such as the Babcock & Wil cox Company, Combustion Engineering, USING WASTES--More and more industries are finding that previously unused wastes can be burned, thus increasing production at lower costs. This power and recovery boiler, built by Babcock & Wilcox Company for the Great Southern hand and Paper Company's mill at Cedar Springs, Ga., burns a mixture of bark and coal (on the other side of the unit) to generate Foster Wheeler, Riley Stoker and Wickes-- steam for the mill's operation. Science N ews L etter [ot October 31, 1964 283 By burning the high-temperature gases (1,000 degrees Fahrenheit) that ordinarily would be discharged into the atmosphere, the boiler pays for itself with fuel savings in just a few years. T he steel industry also is benefiting from the increasing number and size of waste heat boiler installations. Republic Steel Cor poration has ordered from Babcock & W il cox the world's largest capacity waste boiler Designed to reclaim heat from waste gases of two oxygen-lanced open-hearth furnaces, the boiler will generate nearly 300,000 pounds of steam per hour to operate ma chinery and heat buildings. Many industries overseas are showing increased interest in cost-cutting installa tions, such as a petrochemical complex being built in Argentina. The plant's design in cludes three waste heat boilers that will use hot exhaust from gas turbine generators to make steam for chemical processes and for driving turbines. T he exhaust (about 800 degrees Fahren heit) will be combined with a base fuel and fired in the boiler. Reclaiming the heat reduces fuel consumption and the oxygen is sufficient to support combustion. Steam-generating equipment manufactur ers have been conducting extensive research and testing models of new and more effi cient methods to convert waste heat into useful energy. Most waste and by-products can be heated and turned into energy. One of the latest improvements is a water-cooled steam-generating hood for basic oxygen steelmaking, a process coming into widespread use in the United States. Made essentially of hundreds of welded steel tubes, the membrane hood fits over the furnace to collect, transport, cool and recover heat value from the high tempera ture gases (3,500 degrees Fahrenheit). By cooling the furnace gases, gas cleanup systems can operate still more effectively to remove dust, helping to curb air pollu tion. The unit makes steam, at rates up to 200,000 pounds per hour, that can be used by steel mills for power generation and process heat Industry's fuel savings can be conserva tively estimated at millions of dollars an nually--dollars that otherwise might literally have gone "up the stack." Science N ew s LeH er. 86:202 O ctober 31, 1964 VERNIER MAGNIFIER $125 p.p. E x am in e stam ps, coins, p iin tera screens m in erals, in sects, etc. A general u tility m agnifier. Clear plastic base C ontains tw o A ln ico m ag n e ts. @ Vs p ric e . L im ited stock. Boxed brand N E W , Send 1 .2 5 a t once P roducts bulletin 2 5 i I l l u s t r a t i o n Va l i r a HARRY ROSS S cien tific A L a b A p p a ia tu s G1-L Heads St.. N .Y. 7, N.Y. Price C o m p arato r computes true unit price of tw o com parable products having different w eight and prices. . . A u to m atic a rro w p o in ts to ihe best buy and tells you how much you sa ve L a m in a te d in p la s tic . O N L Y $1 00 p o stp aid DYNA-SLIDE COMPANY 6 0 0 S M ich ig an A ve C hicag o 5 , Illin o is IN VEN TIO N Q-D Patents of the W eek The newest policeman's aid is a dual-purpose a xe to capture criminals that chops holes in doors and then shoots tear gas grenades-- By W illiam McCann AN AXE that can chop a hole in a door and shoot tear gas into a room barricaded by a criminal has been developed to help make police work a little less dangerous. Rathei than having to batter down a dooi and face the muzzle of a trapped criminal's gun, police can slash a hole in a door with the axe. W ith the axe sticking in the door they can pull a ring, shooting a tear gas grenade into the room through a tube that has its opening at the face of the axe. The device, which is about 30 inches long and weighs 15 pounds, can be swung like a sledge hammer against the door by an officer standing oil to one side, thus avoid ing exposure to gunfire through the door. Carl Weinert, Pittsburgh, P a , was awarded patent 3,152,417 by the U S. Patent Office for his police saver, which was successfully tested at the FBI Academy at Quantico, Va , earlier this year. Patent rights were assigned to Federal Laboratories, Inc., Saltsbuig, Pa. The invention is most effective in attempt ing to apprehend an armed criminal in a room without windows or in areas where shooting tear gas from the outside would not be advisable, Mr. W einert reported in his patent. Smoke and Fire Alarm A device that can "see" smoke or "feel" fire and then whistle for firemen has been patented. The device is a smoke and fire alarm which contains a heat-responsive thermostat and a photoelectric cell unit. The thermo stat senses if a room gets too hot and causes an aerosol-operated horn to bellow for help. Similarly, the horn will blow if the hazy smoke comes between the light beam from the photoelectric cell and a receiving eye located across from the cell on the alarm. The smoke and fire alarm was invented by John L Jensen, Estherville, Iowa, who was awarded patent 3,153,226 Back Seat Head Rest Back seat drivers can now sit hack com fortably with the aid of a newly developed back seat head rest. William Buhl, Medford, Ore., earned pat ent 3,152,831 for the head rest, which may be easily removed and used as a cushioned seat. It has been designed so that it will not block the driver's view through the back window. Science N ew s te lle r, 86:283 O cl. 31, 1964 2b, Most young women in the United States suffer from "pump bumps" a bony out growth on their heels, which results from closely-fit ting high-heeled shoes The number of blind people in the world is expected to increase from today's 14 million to 20 million by the year 2000 * Science N e w s Letter, 06:283 O ctober 31 , 1964 Save Time & Hundreds of $ $ on Expensive Hair Trims U se m a fic TlttM TKX In v en tio n . A utom atic d iag o n al cuttin g action L r .-- -- _ il alonnl lo o k in g trim s S h o rt, m ed iu m , late n t Ita lia n & B eatle " R a z o r T r i m s ' 1. Q u i c k Sl e a s y . 10O5fe s a f e , a M U S T f n r a l l h o m es. A lso Ideal 8t g e n tle as a b reeze fo r h a ir on L a d ie s' a r m s & l e g s . C a n 't c u t , s c r a p e o r c o a r s e n d e l i c a t e s k i n . T ry T R IM T E X 30 d ay s & save cost m any tim es. M oney back if n o t 1 0 0 % p le a se d . O n ly 9 1 .9 8 . Z -S 3 .7 S . 3 -S S .2 S , pnd . G u aran teed 5 y e a rs. N o COD a, -please, F re e B onuai N ew S w ed ish S calp M aeaager w ith each T R IM T E X . W o n d er fu l aid to check D an d ru ff, T h in n in g H aii TERRY ELLIOTT CO., Dept. S P .O . Box 3 9 1 8 , G ran d C e n tra l S la t , N ew Y o rk 1 7 , N . Y . MICRO-ADS E q u ip m en t, supplies an d service! of special in tere st to scientiaLa. science tea ch ers an d stu d e n ts, science-m inded laym en an d hobbyists. 2 5 4 per m in i, pay ab le in ad v a n ce C losing d ate 3 weeks p rio r to p u b licatio n (S atu rd a y ) SNL. 1719 N St., N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20036 A M A Z IN G C A R N IV O R O U S P L A N T S L U R E . catch, e a t insects. F ascin atin g V enus's F ly Traps, 8 quality large bulbs 3 2 .9 5 , 1 2 -- 34 95 ppd. C ar nivorous P la n t Set. 3 Fly T rap Bulbs. 1 M iniature H u n tsm a n 's H orn, 1 P urpurea P itch er $3 95. Illu s trated brochure lO tf. A rm strong A ssociates I n c , B os 127-S , B asking Ridge, N. 3 B1N DER9 FOR SNL -- BUFF-CO LO RED BUCKram . S nap-in m eta l strip s ho ld 52 copies. S4 00 pp Send order w ith rem ittance to Science News L etter. 1 7 1 9 N S treet. N W ., W ashington, D C. 2 0 0 3 6 . O A M ERA FA N ? BIG SA V IN G S! W H EN BU YIN G d irect from in tern atio n al exporter. Bolex, Rollei. N ikon, Zeiss, m any others. Send refundable 3 1 .0 0 to H okophoto, Box 2 4 7 , B urlingam e. C alifornia. 94 01 2 FO R IN FO RM A TIO N A BO U T A PH ILO SO PH Y based on n a tu ra l, n o t su pernatural, plionom ena, w rite to th e A m erican H u m an ist A ssociation D ep t S N L -3 . H u m a n ist H ouse. Yellow Springs. O hio F R E E PA PER BA C K CATALOGUE. G REA T ings. N ew Y ork P ap erb ack -R e co rd C lub, 4 -H 4 3 r d S t r e e t, N ew Y ork C ity 1 0 0 3 . SAV W eal S U R P L U S W IR E D IBM M EM O R Y P L A N E S SO LD for pennies on the dollar Inquiries in rited M eahna. Lynn, M aas 284 S c i n c e N ew s L e i e r for October 31, 1964 Books of the W eek Listing Is for raadars' Information, not advertising. For convenient purchase of any book listed or any U S. book In print, remit retail price (we pay postage) plus 2 S i handling charge if price is less than $2 to Book Department, Science Service, 1719 N St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036. A D V A N C E S IN D R U B R E S E A R C H , Vol 1-- N. J. Ila ip e r and Alma B . Sim m onds, E d s -- Aca demia Press, 209 p., diagram s, $ 6 .2 5 Among other research, presents significant c u iie n t progress in peni cillins and related structures A L L A B O U T B I O L O G Y -- B ernard G lem ser -- R andom House, 1 40 p , photographs, illus. by Eva C ellini, $ 1 .0 5 . Telia young readers ab o u t th e begin nings of life, some g reat discoveries in biology, and single- an d m ulti-cell anim als. A N IM A L S A S S O C IA L B E I N G S -- A dolf Porbm ann, tia n s l from G erm an by Oliver C oburn-- H a r per. 2 4 6 p., illus , paper, $ 1 .8 5 . R ep rin t (1 9 6 1 ), on basic phenom ena of th e social behavior of anim als A N T A R C T I C S N O W A N D I C E S T U D I E S ---- M a l colm M elloi, Ed -- Am. G eophysical U nion, 2 7 7 p , illu s., $1 2 . Volum e 2 of A ntarctic Research Studies, a collection of original papers on glaciology, snow accum ulation and densification, drainage system s, and flin cores TH E ARCH EO LO GY OF CAPE D EN BIG H -- J L. Giddinga-- Brown Untv Press, 3 3 1 p ., 7 3 plates, $ 1 2 .5 0 . D e tailed report on th a field work an d exca vations of early Eskim o artifacts of flaked stone on th e n orthern B ering Sea coast of Alaska, B ED D ISA B ILIT Y AMONG T H E CH RO N I C A L L Y L IM IT E D , U nited States, July 1057 to June 1 9 6 1 -- P H S (G P O ), 62 p , paper, 4fi*. S ta tistics on th e average a n n u al nu m b er of days of hed d isab ility fo r all per Sana w ith detailed tables by categories. B IB L I O G R A P H Y ; 1 9 2 6 -1 9 6 4 -- H em y Field -- Field Research Projects, 112 p., paper, $3. Presents list of 5 94 titles covering researches on th e anthtopozeogiaphy of southw estern A sia, and annotated list of docum ents m icrofilmed. BIO LO GIO A L CONTROL OF IN SECT PESTS AN D W E E D S '-- -Paul D eB ach, Ed. w ith E v ert I. Sublinger-- R oinhold, 8 44 p ., illus., $ 2 2 .5 0 . A uthor itativ e handbook w ritten by specialists, organized in logical sequence to cover historical developm ent, the ecological basis of biological control, system atica, In troduction and colonization program s, conservation of n a tu ra l enem ies, insect pathology, and biological weed c o n tio l D E L IG H T S O F T H E S L ID E R U L E ----C lyde B. C lason-- Crowell, 2 4 6 p., Ulns , $5. D escribes ways for using th e slide rule for e n tertain m en t and m indstre tc h in g T H E ELECTRO N IC STRUCTURE OF MOLEC U L E Si A New A pproach-- J. W L in n e tt-- W iley, 1 67 p .. diagram s, $ 4 .7 5 . D escribes the basic content of th e hypothesis th a t electrons in a m olecule should ha treated as tw o sets w ith opposite spins, a n d applies th a hypothesis to p articu lar m olecules E LEC TR O SPA R K M A CH IN IN G OF M ETALS, Yol. 2-- B . R. Lazarenko, E d., transl. from R ussian -- C onsultants. 195 p ., illu s, paper, $ 2 2 .5 0 . Col lection of research papers on th e application of th e electros*oslon m ethod to various m an u factu rin g p ro cesses and operations E TH IC S AND SC IE N C E -- Heury M aigenau-- Van N o stra n d , 9 0 2 p ., $ 7 .5 0 R e je ctin g th e co n cept of relativism in ethics, th e author concerns him self w ith ways in which ethical rules can be m ade objective and valid for all. (See story on p. 2 8 7 ) E V O L U T IO N if* A C T IO N -- Ju lia n H u rley -- New Am. L ib , 141 p., photographs, paper, 60 ^ R eprint ( 1 9 5 3 ) , views evolution os a process affecting n atu re and man. FAOE OF NORTH A M ERICA ; The N atural H is tory of a C ontinent-- P eter F arb, in trod, by Stew art Tj. U dall-- H arper. 2 5 4 p.. photographs, illua by Bob H ines and Jerom e Connally, $ 3 .9 5 . Y oung reader's edition of handsom e book ah out our continent and tha processes of nature FU N CTIO N A L A N A L Y S IS -- A lbert W ilansky-- B laiadell P ub. Co., 2 9 1 p , $9 50. W ritten to serve as a senior or beginning graduate text, includes 2 0 0 0 problem s for in d e p e n d e n t study. Q IV E AND T A K E : T h e D evelopm ent of Tissue T ransplantation-- Francis D. M oore-- D oubleday, 182 p., Illus., $ 0 ,5 0 . Tells th e story, w ith scientific detail and individual case histories, of th e successful trans plan tatio n of healthy hum an kidneys in people dying of kidney fafluia T H E G O OD B E A S T S : M em ories, M ostly F o n d , of A nim als W ild an d T am e-- Jo h n T. R ow land-- N orton, 2 54 p., illus. by Joseph C ellini, $ 4 .9 5 Affectionate m emoirs about life w ith anim als G R EA TER DEAD THAN A LIV E-- C urtis D M acD ougall-- Public A ffairs Press, 203 p ., $ 4 .0 0 Concerned w ith the posthum ous recognition of crea tive men in all fields of hum an endeavor, including science and invention GU LL N U M B E R 7 3 7 -- Jean Craighead George-- Crowell, 1 0 8 p , illu s., $3 50 Story ab o u t a boy g e t tin g acquainted w ith research in ornithology HANDBOOK OF CONSUM ER M O TIV ATIONS: T he Psychology of th e W orld of O bjects-- E rnest D ichter-- MoGraw, 4 8 6 p., illua by R obert Glalsek. $ 1 0 . W ritten for th e com m unications specialist, th e book is organized in to aspects of hum an m otivations as they apply to consum ers of all kinds of products an d services. $12,500 CORNING SCIENCE PRIZE FOR THE BEST BOOK-LENGTH MANUSCRIPT IN THE FIELD OF TH E NATURAL OR PHYSICAL SCIENCES FOR THE GENERAL READER -- DEADLINE JULY 1, 1965 -- RULES AND DETAILS AVAILABLE FROM Corning Science Prize Editor Little, Brown and Company 34 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 02106 o j----------- A S T R O N O M Y - 1 -- . For Everyone Enjoy SKY A N D T E L E SC O P E magazine monthly. Profusely illustrated Observing and telescope making departments, monthly star and planet charts. Subscription in U.S.: $.00, I year; $11.00, 2 years. Sample copy 0$. SKY AN D TELESCOPE 53g LMa,, CORONARY CASE A Personal Report By Rex Edwards T he a u th or d escrib es his battle and victory over "the b iggest sin gle killer in the U S. today" -- coronary dis ease. The pressure o f a busy life as a film and television w riter brought on a Bevers coronary attack when he was forty-five and it w as not until eigh t m onths later th at the author was able to resum e all his activities. He w rites of his illness and recovery and tella w h a t he learned about preventing first attacks and recurrent attacks. $3.95 P o stfree 10-D ay M oney-B ack G uarantee EMERSON BOOKS, Inc., Dept. 217-P 251 West 19th Street, New York 11 METHODS OF R EA L ANALYSIS-- R ich a rd R Goldberg-- B laisdell Pub. Co., 3 5 9 p.. $9 50 T ext on elem entary theory of functions of a real variable, contains m aterial an sequences, series and the founda tions of caloulua. N A T U R A L I S T - E X P L O R E R S - W yatt Blasslnaam e ---W atts, P.., 1 45 p,, illus. by Fred Sweuey, $ 3 .9 5 Tells young people about the contributions and lives of such men as Linnaeus, Darwin, von Humboldt and Muir OO EA N O G RA PH ICA L E N G IN E E R IN G -- R obert L. W iegel-- P rentice-H all, 5 3 2 p . illus . $18. D eals w ith th e a p p lic a tio n s of physical oceanography to civil engineering, such as wave force effects on structures, m ooring line stresses, harbor oscillations, and ocean m ixing processes. O PTIC S: The N ature and A pplications of L ight-- Iiv in D G luck-- H olt, 1 5 4 p., illua , $ 2 .5 0 ; paper, $ 1 .2 8 . A ddressing itself to students, am ateur astrono m ers an d cam era fan s, th e hock covers th e o ptics of auch new developm ents as lasers, radiotelescopes and election microscopes Science News letter, 86:284 October 31, 1964 Portuguese Mem-ot-War > T H A T BEAUTIFUL purple balloon sailing serenely over the warm ocean waves is actually a living fortress composed of many tiny but dangerous sea creatures Many kinds of polyps, as these soft sea animals arc called, are attached on the underside of the iridescent bubble, an ovoid membrane about six inches long with a ridge down the middle. T he individual polyps have assumed specialized tasks on the Portuguese manof-war, Phymlia pelagica. Some protect the balloon from enemies, some trap and kill fish, some absorb the food and others are engaged in the task of reproduction. T he defense polyps have long tentacles which can stream out for several feet or retract and coil up like a wire spring Situated along these tentacles are thousands of nematocysts which contain toxins so strong they can easily paralyze and kill fish of considerable size. Swimmers coming in contact w ith these stingers can suffer such agony and cramps that they could drown. Once the tentacles have paralyzed a fish, they contract and recoil, draw ing the food up to the base of the float where the clustered nutritive polyps start to engulf and digest the prey. Strange to say, one small fish, the nomeus, has adapted itself to survive the stinging tentacles and often lurks protected among the coiling strands. The bright blue, pink and sometimes greenish balloons are driven by the wind, with the masses of colonies underneath acting like a keel as the strange craft sails across tropical and subtropical seas. The balloon, filled w ith gasses generated by the polyps, can be deflated through a valve on top, and the whole ship can sink, only to rise again as the bubble is filled with gas. Science News Letter, 86:284 October 31, 1964 PAPER FOLDING MADE EASY! C reate scores of beautiful, unusual, am using paper objects-- toys, decorations, etc., w ith clearest in ti oduction to Japanese a r t of orignmi. "P ap er F o ld in g fo r B e g in n e rs " R ig n ey . 9 5 p p . $ 1 .0 0 -41 0 postage. M oney-back guarantee. Dept. SN L , Dover, 1 8 0 Variok S t., N.Y. 1 4 . N.Y. * ' Bo wt tec me ID! wt i i tic tin K it O- :1 tj 1 He an ex Or of CO fibe pldi fror ME stru use l WJ sme aid fere you the serv L per D lh old w ilt slue MA and wee mot COI ces- teach scientific principles and background infor motion by the " Do-it-Yourself" method. Oil IDEAL for beginners whether children or adults, /CS who want to know more of w hat makes things of >ea tick. Hours of challenging FUN for the alert re he tired senior citizen. >kl a ted an- thc Mh-3 w ith C h & M is tfy j Pfaysk&i B w i& g y j Asfr n* d ll arc & m y t r f & g r & $ h y , iir# i?II In th is tMrtatf&itiiJfig tort & f a i t fit M? :lcs B p m h m n n f o r y h & m m m m m m * or nncsls H ave fun experimenting with TH IN G S o f science Designed for home and school use. A kitchen may so and learn science by performing more than 8 0 0 become your laboratory. Ideal for the school with- ish in experim ents. out a laboratory. Jeh vn ish. Order the complete collection and save. A ll 41 kits for only $19.50. Order in quantity-- A n y selection xxl of 5 or more kits 50 cents each. Single kit 75 cents. the lllf one COTTON-- Spin your own yarn from cotton products you can trace the science of this vital with the phenomena of static electricity using self fiber. Seven specimens and 12 diagrams ex metal with nine specimens and ten experiments. tho materials in this unit. Gives understanding ten plain the elaborate processing of finished fabric # 2 7 6 of same of the fundamental facts of physics ids from raw cotton. # 2 7 0 TREE PRODUCTS-- Spruce trees yield a variety 17 experiments. # 2 2 7 METAL FASTENERS-- Though simple in con of products-- yeast, organic reducing agent and CLOTH WITHOUT W EAVING-- Non-woven TICS struction, a screw is precisely machined. Many paper. Experiment with each of these products fabrics have been known for some time-- felts nd, uses of screws and rivets are demonstrated in and learn the fascinating story of their pro mode from fur, hair or wool. Now there are new sith 16 experiments. # 271 cessing. # 2 7 7 types of such fabrics, mode from vegetable and ails W AVE THEORY OF LIGHT-- The eye of a SPACE MATERIALS-- Study these unusual ma synthetic fibers. You can feel them, test them, The small needle will help you understand this age- terials used in space research that few people use them and imagine clothes of tomorrow so the old theory by means of diffraction and inter have an opportunity to see: copper dipoles like inexpensive that they can be discarded instead on ference. Specially designed materials enable those now orbiting the earth and aluminum film of washed. # 2 2 8 / to you to observe diffraction patterns, measure you can see through. # 2 7 8 STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS-- Can be lo gas the cloud particles around the moon and ob POLYMER-FIBER-- Cellulose in various stages cated and observed with the aid of this star- serve other phenomena in 21 fascinating ex of the papermaking process combined with dif finder. Planet table allows you to locate other 1964 periments. # 2 7 2 ferent polymer resins can produce a wide range members of the solar system. Make a simple DINOSAUR FRAGMENT-- A 150 million year of materials from battery separators to o lea planetarium. 10 experiments. # 229 aid fossil for your science museum together With other interesting fossils to examine and study # 2 7 4 ther-like substance. 18 experiments. # 2 7 9 ANGIOSPERMS-- 27 experiments to perform with different types of seeds in the largest class TWIRL THIS COLOR TOP-- Discover for your self the laws of the mixing of colors. Usually science laboratories spend many dollars for ap MAKE YOUR OWN MACHINES-- Experiment of all plants of the vegetable kingdom, from paratus with which to perform color experi and discover the science of the inclined plane, the very large scarlet runner bean to the tiny ments. Tes! yourself: Red and green make what? wedge, lever, screw, pulley and gear, all simple aster seed. # 2 8 0 27 experiments. # 2 3 3 machines, # 2 7 5 COPPER-- From natural slate through the pro cesses of recovery and refining to finished STATIC ELECTRICITY-- Sparks from your finger tips when you walk across a carpet and touch metal? On a cold, dry day you can experiment OPTICAL ILLUSIONS-- Seeing is oflen deceiv ing You cannot always trust your eyes. A set of 14 drawings shows how misleading figures 286 Science N ews L e iie r jor October 31t 1964 can be. Bird in a cage distorted room, the win dow shape and other illusions. 21 experiments. #224 CODES AND CIPHERS MADE TO ORDER -- Principles of Cryptography explained and demonstrated. Can you read this: I HLR TRSA LEUN? A cipher slide-rule allows you to write in your own code. Make your own invisible ink. 12 experiments. # 2 2 5 CRYSTALS-- Can be used to help tell the com position of chemicals. You never see table salt in anything other than a cubic form. Samples of chemicals typical of crystal systems. Patterns for crystal models. 13 experiments # 2 2 3 BUILD A SEXTANT-- Shoot the sun, determine angles, gel acquainted with principles of navi gation. All materials furnished. 11 experiments. #234 SOUND-- A phenomenon which is one of the most important sources of information about the world. Materials provided for 24 experiments designed to introduce the fundamental princi ples of sound. # 2 4 3 SEASHELLS-- Six specimens and 21 experiments with data on how shells grow, collecting and naming shells, reference books for the identifi cation and habits of mollusks; information an national and local shell clubs. # 2 5 5 GEOMETRIC MODELS-- Developed to illustrate a variety of ideas and theorems from plane geometry. Kit contains fen specimens needed to construct four flexible models. # 2 5 7 PO LYSTYREN E PLASTIC-- To acquaint you with an important plastic and how it may be varied to give special purpose materials. Twen ty-five experiments demonstrate basic proper ties. # 2 4 5 SURVIVAL FOOD-- See and learn about the type of foods that would be used in case of a national em ergency. Five specim ens. 18 ex p eri ments. # 2 5 0 INCENSE-- Has excited man's sense of smell as long as civilization has existed. Nine different scents are included plus materials to make your own incense. # 2 5 4 ANCIENT GEMS-- Eight semiprecious stones with 21 experiments to acquaint you with these gems. Materials and instruction in the lapidary art. # 2 4 6 SPECIALIZED PAPERS-- Stretchable paper is one of the eleven specimens included which il lustrate the wide applications of paper in home and industry. # 2 1 7 PAPERM AKING-- Make your own paper from the materials included and learn about the com mercial production of paper. 10 experiments. #282 PROBABILITY-- Materials to introduce you to this fascinating branch of mathematics and demonstrate some of Its applications. # 2 6 2 MARBLE-- Eight specimens from various locali ties the world over to study in 25 different ex periments. # 2 6 1 SILICONES-- Seven specimens and 25 experi ments illustrate the most important properties of this unusual group of man-made chemicals. #263 TASTE-- Twenty-lwo experiments to test your sense of taste and to demonstrate its importance in our lives, # 2 6 5 SPACE-AGE MINERALS-- From rocks and min erals of the earlh are coming many of the new materials used in space exploration. Six speci mens.. 13 experiments. # 2 6 6 ENZYM ES-- Experiment and learn the proper ties of the four different enzymes included and determ ina the Ingredients of the unknown speci men. # 2 6 9 S IL K --This interesting fiber is traced from the silk cocoon to finished fahric. Five specimens. 27 experiments. # 2 6 4 MAPS & CHARTS-- Look at the world from above the north pole as projected on a flat surface. The story of map making as demon strated by seven specimens. # 2 6 8 MATHEMATICAL PAPER FOLDING-- Mathe matics becomes shapes by constructing models using plane and solid geometery and even alge bra # 2 6 7 TRIBOLUMINESCENCE -- Strike two pieces of quartzite together and see the spark of light and note its color. The light is produced by mechanically deforming crystal structures. 24 experiments to perform dealing with this fas cinating phenomenon. # 2 8 1 IT'S ALL DONE WITH MIRRORS-- Make a heliograph and send code messages to a friend. Construct a periscope, a stereoscope and a simple kaleidoscope The science of plane mir rors made simple and fun in 15 experiments. #239 MINUTE SEEDS -- 350,000 of them weigh one ounce. The plant from ane of these tiny seeds is 20 million times the weight of the seed. To bacco culture demonstrated by 21 experiments. #258 COMPUTATION-- Learn to use the slide rule, Napier's rods and various other computaron de vices to aid you in mathematical calculations. #2/3 CURVES-- Using straight lines construct curves by curve stitching and paper folding Diagrams will help you make conic sections and relate them to each other. # 2 8 4 MAIL COUPON NOW To: SCIENCE SERVICE, 1719 N Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036 Send Com plete Collection (41 kits) @ $ 19.50................................................................................. Send kits indicated b y X on list b elo w , totalling_________ kits at 50 cents per kit for a n y five or m ore........................................................ .................. ........................................................................ Single kit 75 cents........................................................................................................................ - ............................................... T O T A L E N C L O S E D (w e p a y postag e)..................................................................................... $-- ---------------- $ ------------------$ ------------------$ ------------------- Send to: (please print) N am e--------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- A d d re ss___________ __________________________________________________________--- ------------------------------- -------------------- C ity, S tate , Zip C o d e________________________________________________________________________________________--*------------------ Your nam e and add ress if d ifferent from a b o v e ,,__________________________________________ ------------------------------- 698 111 COTTON # 2 7 0 METAL FASTENERS # 2 7 1 W AVE THEORY OF LIGHT # 2 7 2 DINOSAUR FRAGMENT # 2 7 4 MAKE YOUR OWN MACHINES # 2 7 5 COPPER # 2 7 6 n TREE PRODUCTS # 277 SPACE MATERIALS # 2 7 8 POLYMER-FIBER # 2 7 9 ANGIOSPERM S # 2 8 0 STATIC ELECTRICITY # 2 2 7 CLOTH W ITHOUT W EA V IN G # 2 2 8 Q STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS # 2 2 9 TW IRL THIS COLOR TOP # 2 3 3 OPTICAL ILLUSIONS # 2 2 4 CODES AND CIPHERS # 2 2 5 CRYSTALS # 2 2 3 BUILD A SEXTANT # 2 3 4 SOUND # 2 4 3 SEASHELLS # 2 5 5 GEOMETRIC MODELS # 2 5 7 POLYSTYRENE PLASTIC # 2 4 5 SURVIVAL FOOD # 2 5 0 INCENSE # 2 5 4 ANCIENT GEMS # 2 4 6 SPECIALIZED PAPERS # 2 1 7 PAPERMAKING # 2 8 2 PROBABILITY # 2 6 2 MARBLE # 2 6 1 gl' SILICONES # 2 6 3 TASTE # 2 6 5 SK 5PACE-AGE MINERALS # 2 6 6 eCn ENZYMES # 2 6 9 to SILK # 2 6 4 MAPS & CHARTS # 2 6 8 Pi MATHEMATHICAL PAPER FOLDING # 2 6 7 ea TRIBOLUMINESCENCE # 2 8 1 re; m; IT'S ALL DONE WITH MIRRORS # 2 3 9 be MINUTE SEEDS # 2 5 8 lec COMPUTATION # 2 7 3 CURVES # 2 8 4 GENERAL SCIEN CE Science and Ethics Hlave Close Parallels Whatever ^ WHILE SCIENCE is widely admired because of its successes, ethics is a matter of concern mainly because of its failures, says Prof Henry Margenau, Yale Univer YOU need sity's first Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and Natural Philosophy. In his newly published book, Ethics and Science (Van Nostrand, $7.50), Dr. Mar in a teaching genau views ethics as a successful human enterprise, however, and draws parallels be tween ethics and science, without reducing ethics to science microscope... Dr. Margenau, who has served as a con sultant to the Atomic Energy Commission, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the id. Rand Corporation, begins the search for o lir- ethical norms by trying to determine its. whether they are, or can be made valid for all mankind. Logically and empirically he finds no evidence to reject this possibility. If there did exist a "true contradiction" among these ethical systems, Dr. Margenau believes moral Bausch & Lomb STANDARD TEACHING MICROSCOPES philosophy would be at an impasse. This same impasse could also be reached in science if contradictions existed. How ever, after examining the laws of science, Prof, Margenau, a past president of the ftS Philosophy of Science Association, finds ms a'e that these laws converge: "The belief is general that if the end ever arrives, there will be one all inclusive scientific explana Bausch & Lomb STEREOZOOM MICROSCOPES tory theory." Returning to the area of ethics, Dr. Mar genau applies this knowledge and finds that both science and ethics have deep roots in human nature, and that human nature in turn unites both nations and cultures Since scientific method reflects "the prin ciples of reason" expressed in "laws of thought" and channeled still further into "laws of action," it seems unreasonable to Bausch & Lomb Bausch & Lomb ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MICROSCOPES has it! Prof., Margenau that while science ap proaches reality, ethics would drift without a goal., "These laws (scientific) are the product, * Four price ranges . . . from $12 up . . . to fit every size school budget. not the starting point, of man's ethical en deavor," he says. "If science progressively reveals one part of human nature, ethics Five different basic models . . . progressively reveals another." Bausch & Lomb meet every micro-science teaching After studying different ethical systems, Dr. Margenau finds that contrary to general belief, ethical norms do exist: `T he agree SCIENCE TEACHING ZOOMSCOPES need . . . from first grade to college. ment as to personal and ethical conduct is global and amazing." The reason for disagreement, he says, a Every microscope designed arid made specifically for teaching . . . stems from a lack in understanding the constructive nature of ethics, and an over emphasis on values which divert attention for constant, hard student usage . . . fully guaranteed for life. ' to the wrong areas Prof. Margenau, a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Acad emy of Arts and Sciences, counsels his reader not to worry about values, but to make whatever basis of belief, whether it Bausch & Lomb STUDENT STEREOMICROSCOPE Write for complete information to Bausch & Lomb incorporated, 16010 Bausch St., Rochester, N. Y. 14602 be The Sermon on the Mount or the Ana lects of Confucius, work in his own life. Science N ew s Letter, 86 :2 87 O ctober 31, 1964 BAUSCH & L O M B H P Science N ews L etter jo? October 31, 1964 A sk fo r G adget Bulletin 1272 fo r sources of now things described. Send a self-ad d ressed envelope to S C IE N C E S E R V IC E, 1719 N St., N .W ., W ash in gton , D. C . 20036. To receive this G ad g et Bulletin w ith o u t special request each w e e k, rem it $1.50 fo r one y e a r's subscription. TIMED EXTENSION CORD automaticaJIy turns light off at a pre-selected time within periods of from one minute to four hours. Capable of controlling up to three electrical devices at one time, it can be used to turn off Christmas trees, sun lamps, tele vision, heating pads, store windows or other units at a desired time. It operates on 125volt household current and has a six-foot cord. Science N ew s Letter, 86:288 O ctober 31, 1964 QUICK BATTERY CHARGER elimi nates the need to lift the hood of the car or touch the battery itself when the battery dies. By simply plugging one end of the cord of the charger into a standard electri cal outlet and the other into the cigarette lighter of the car, the battery is quickly recharged. Usable on all cars having 12-volt batteries, it is shock and short proof. The unit comes in a luggage type case. Science N ews Letter, 86:288 October 31, 1964 DARKROOM PEN is especially de signed for doctors, nurses, policemen, pho tographers and others who have occasion to write in the dark. The lower part of the pen is encased in transparent plastic through which a soft red light suitable for dark room use shines. The upper part which houses the battery is made of satin-finished metaL The pen cover, also of metal, has a convenient pocket clip. Science N ew s Letter, 86:288 October 31, 1964 BAIT BUCKET with a perforated liner helps keep minnows in good condition per mitting them to be bathed in a constant flow of fresh, cool water. In use, covered securely, the liner is lowered into the lake or stream and tied to the fishing craft. Made of impact-resistant smooth plastic, the bucket does not damage the scales of the fish. Science N ew s Letter, 86:288 October 31, 1964 @ SNOW THROWER, shown in photo graph, that can also be used as a power scoop or shovel is lightweight and compact and can be hung on the wall when not in use. Useful for cleaning snow from steps, porches, walks or driveways, it can also be used for digging under snowbound cars. Capable of throwing up to one ton of snow a minute as far as 15 feet, it adjusts to seven throwing positions and is powered by a two-cycle engine that can function in any position. Science N ews Letter, 86:288 October 31, 1964 p ELECTRIC WASTEBASKET shreds important papers not meant to be read again, as they are discarded. Automatic and requiring no buttons, the wastebasket starts when paper sheets are fed into it and stops when the paper is completely shredded. The size of an ordinary wastebasket, the rect angular unit fits under the desk and plugs into any 110-volt outlet. It also serves as a regular wastebasket. Science N e w s Letter, 86 :2 88 O cio b er 31 , 1964 @ DOG LEASH that includes a spring control device makes walking the dog easier. The spring included just below the leather hand strap absorbs the strain of the dog's pulls and lunges, protecting the person's arm and also the animal from sudden choking. Encased in plastic, the spring is unbreakable and will not overextend. The steel twist chain of the 48-inch leash will not rust. Science N e w s Letter, 86:288 O cio b er 31, 1964 Elderly Ulcer Patients Survive Early Surgery PERSONS OVER 60 years of age who have peptic ulcers should not put off surgery until massive bleeding requires emergency treatment, two Boston surgeons warned in the New England Journal of Medicine, 271:803, 1964. The death rate reported in a study of partial removal of the stomach (subtotal gastrectomy) when massive bleeding occurred was 21%, but when patients chose to have such an operation in earlier stages, only 0.4% died, The study was made at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital over a ten-year period.. Forty percent of the bleeding patients were more than 65 years old, and the majority of those dying after surgery for massive bleeding were more than 60. Follow-up information on these elderly people revealed that they lived at least five years after choosing to have early surgery, Drs., John R. Brooks and Angelo J Eraklis reported. Hereditary Drug Resistance The first case of drug resistance in a family has been reported from California in the New England Journal of Medicine, 271:809, 1964. Seven family members of Iiish-English extraction in three gen erations showed extraordinary resistance to courmarin anticoagu lant drugs, Dr. Robert A. O'Reilly of the Santa Clara County Hospital, San Jose, Calif., and a team at Children's Hospital, San Francisco, found. The family was warned to avoid taking vitamin K and medi cations containing barbiturates because of the peculiarities of their clotting factors. Drs. Paul M. Aggeler and M. Silvija Hoag, with Lois S. Leong and Mona L. Kropatkin, reported the study Undertake Botulism Poisoning Study The large number of cases of food poisoning and deaths from botulism in 1963 (46 cases and 14 deaths) has stimulated renewed interest in research on this subject by at least six U,S Govern ment agencies. These cases represent the highest total for any one year since 1939 and the eighth highest since 1899, Public Health Reports, Oct. 1964, said. Commercially canned food accounted for five cases with two deaths. In. addition, 19 cases caused by commercially smoked products resulted in seven deaths. Home-processed foods were responsible for 22 cases, including five deaths. The Food and Drug Administration is undertaking increased inspections of can sealing and has warned the public to avoid use of food in bulging or leaking cans. Dr. G. G. Slocum, chief, division of microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, with Dr. W. M. Decker and B. J. Osheroff of the Public Health Service, reported the study of the status of botulism in the United States Science N e w s Letter, 86:2 88 O ctober 31, 1964